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MemGPT 102

[ "Aaron Harrison", "Andrew Michael Harrison" ]

[ { "title": "Minnesota Twins minor league players", "text": "De Jong) was traded to the Minnesota Twins in exchange for Zach Duke. He was assigned to the Fort Myers Miracle and finished the season there. In 128 games between Clinton and Fort Myers, he hit .258 with twenty home runs and 79 RBIs. Brusdar Javier Graterol (born August 26, 1998) is a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher in the Minnesota Twins organization. Graterol signed with the Minnesota Twins as an international free agent in August 2014. He made his professional debut in 2015 with the Dominican Summer League Twins where he was 0-1 with a 2.45 ERA in four starts.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571391", "score": "1.2459819", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Dave Gassner", "text": "a player to be named later (Gassner) to the Twins for Bobby Kielty. Gassner spent the entire season with the Rochester Red Wings of the International League. On April 16, 2005 made his major league debut for the Twins against the Cleveland Indians getting the win by pitching 6 innings giving up only one earned run. Gassner was to have only one more start for the Twins, spending most of the season with the Rochester Red Wings. Gassner missed the majority of the season with a left elbow strain and spent the entire season with the Rochester Red Wings where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7199026", "score": "1.2266039", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Morristown Twins", "text": "professional season with Maryville-Alcoa in 1953. Kirkland went on to play in the majors for nine seasons. Morristown Twins The Morristown Twins (previously known as the Maryville-Alcoa Twins) were a minor league baseball team that played in the Class D and Class C Mountain States League from 1953 to 1954. They were originally located in Maryville and Alcoa, Tennessee, and played their home games at Hunt Field in Maryville. The Twins won the 1953 Mountain States League pennant by finishing the season in first place. In 1954, the Twins relocated to Morristown, Tennessee, where they became the Morristown Twins. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18660827", "score": "1.2265794", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Morristown Twins", "text": "Morristown Twins The Morristown Twins (previously known as the Maryville-Alcoa Twins) were a minor league baseball team that played in the Class D and Class C Mountain States League from 1953 to 1954. They were originally located in Maryville and Alcoa, Tennessee, and played their home games at Hunt Field in Maryville. The Twins won the 1953 Mountain States League pennant by finishing the season in first place. In 1954, the Twins relocated to Morristown, Tennessee, where they became the Morristown Twins. The only Twins player to also play in Major League Baseball was Willie Kirkland who played his first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18660826", "score": "1.2210729", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "A. J. Pierzynski", "text": "of Pierzynski's high school teammates. Pierzynski graduated from high school in 1994 and signed a letter of intent to play baseball at the University of Tennessee. He was also selected by the Minnesota Twins in the third round (71st overall) of that year's MLB Draft and chose to sign with the ballclub on June 9. He began his minor league career with the Gulf Coast League Twins and spent the next four years playing for the minor-league Elizabethton Twins, Fort Wayne Wizards, Fort Myers Miracle, New Britain Rock Cats, and Salt Lake Buzz. After four years in the Twins organization,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240015", "score": "1.2063894", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Tyler Austin", "text": "Twins for Lance Lynn. The Twins assigned him to the Rochester Red Wings of the International League, whom Scranton was playing at the time. He also hit a home run in his first game with the Twins organization. Tyler Austin Christopher Tyler Austin (born September 6, 1991) is an American professional baseball first baseman for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the New York Yankees. Austin played baseball for Heritage High School in Conyers, Georgia, before the Yankees selected him in the 2010 MLB draft. He became a highly regarded prospect, but missed playing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16450279", "score": "1.2043837", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2013–14 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "All-America and Jordan Brand Classic game selection. He was the co-MVP in the Jordan Brand Classic. The Harrison twins, Aaron and Andrew, became the first set of twins to ever play for Kentucky. Andrew was the consensus top point guard and Aaron was the consensus top shooting guard in the 2013 class. Out of Richmond, Texas, the Twins committed to Kentucky on October 4, 2012, on a live broadcast on ESPNU. The Twins chose Kentucky over their Father's alma mater, Maryland. They were a McDonald's All-America and Jordan Brand Classic game selections. James Young was a consensus top ten prospect", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17169946", "score": "1.2005732", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Minnesota Twins minor league players", "text": "professional baseball infielder in the Minnesota Twins organization. Blankenhorn attended Pottsville Area High School in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He committed to play college baseball at the University of Kentucky. He was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the third round of the 2015 Major League Baseball Draft. After signing, Blankenhorn made his professional debut with the Gulf Coast Twins and he was later promoted to the Elizabethton Twins. He posted a combined .244 batting average with three home runs and 23 RBIs in 53 games between both clubs. Blankenhorn spent 2016 with both Elizabethon and the Cedar Rapids Kernels where he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571385", "score": "1.1898906", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Eddie O'Brien (baseball)", "text": "the Harlem Globetrotters on January 21, 1952. Later he and Johnny were drafted by the NBA's Milwaukee Hawks in 1953, but they never played in the NBA. While in Pittsburgh, Johnny and Eddie O'Brien became the first twins in major league history to play for the same team in the same game. They are also one of only four brother combinations to play second base/shortstop on the same major league club. The others are Garvin and Granny Hamner, for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1945; Frank and Milt Bolling, with the Detroit Tigers in 1958, and Billy and Cal Ripken, for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9381573", "score": "1.1797805", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Andrew Harrison (basketball)", "text": "Andrew Michael Harrison (born October 28, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was considered one of the top recruits for 2013. He attended Travis High School in Fort Bend, Texas, and played college basketball for the University of Kentucky along with his twin brother, Aaron Harrison.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2014 Minnesota Twins season", "text": "held at Metropolitan Stadium (1965) and the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (1984). Twins Glen Perkins and Kurt Suzuki—in his first All-Star appearance—represented the hometown team. The battery-mates were called into action for the ninth, and closed down the National League All-Stars on nine pitches for a 5–3 AL win. Perkins, a two-time All-Star, earned the save. On August 20, second baseman Brian Dozier joined the Twins '20/20' club, adding his name to the four others that have connected for twenty homers in the same season they've stolen twenty bases. The small club includes Larry Hisle (1977), Kirby Puckett (1986), Marty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17579155", "score": "1.176531", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Steve Lombardozzi", "text": "Florida, where he played for Coach Bill Frazier in 1978 and 1979. In 1981, he received first team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) and SEC All-Tournament honors. The Minnesota Twins selected Lombardozzi in the ninth round of the 1981 MLB Draft after which he was assigned to the Elizabethton Twins in the rookie-level Appalachian League where he hit .321 with 6 home runs and 38 RBI in 65 games. The following years, he made steady progress through the Twins' organization spending 1982 at class-A Visalia, 1983 at AA Orlando, and 1984 at AAA Toledo. After returning to Toledo in 1985, he made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8318611", "score": "1.175231", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "1970 Minnesota Twins season", "text": "major league baseball's Opening Day. On May 20, in a 10–5 win over the Kansas City Royals, Rod Carew became the very first Twin to hit for the cycle—going single, homer, double, triple. Over time, his feat will be matched by nine other Twins (César Tovar, 1972; Larry Hisle, 1976; Lyman Bostock, 1976; Mike Cubbage, 1978; Gary Ward, 1980; Kirby Puckett, 1986; Carlos Gómez, 2008; Jason Kubel, 2009; and Michael Cuddyer, 2009). On June 5, pitcher Bert Blyleven debuted, allowing a home run off the very first batter he faced. Four Twins made the All-Star Game: first baseman Harmon Killebrew,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9678315", "score": "1.168736", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ben Revere", "text": "in Georgia, but moved to Kentucky, where he graduated from Lexington Catholic High School in 2007, where he played and led the team to a state championship his junior year (2006). He was named most valuable player that season and, after his senior season, he was named the Gatorade Kentucky Baseball Player of the Year, 2007 Mr. Baseball for Kentucky, and a member of the All-\"USA Today\" high school baseball team. The Minnesota Twins selected him in the first round (28th overall pick) of the 2007 Major League Baseball draft and signed shortly thereafter. He had previously committed to play", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13191846", "score": "1.1677349", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Earl Battey", "text": "of Fame. In , the Twins celebrated their 50th season in Minnesota and Battey was voted as one of the 50 Greatest Twins Players. Earl Battey Earl Jesse Battey, Jr. (January 5, 1935 – November 15, 2003) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Chicago White Sox (1955–1959), the Washington Senators (1960) and the Minnesota Twins (1961–1967). In the early 1960s, Battey was one of the top catchers in the American League, winning three consecutive Gold Glove Awards between and . Born in Los Angeles, Battey attended Jordan High School", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3543459", "score": "1.1642163", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2014–15 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "The \"Sporting News\" named Cauley-Stein a first-team All-American and Towns a third-team All-American. The AP, NABC, Naismith, \"Sporting News\" also named Calipari the National Coach of the Year. The NABC named Cauley-Stein its NABC Defensive Player of the Year. On April 9 UK held a press conference for all players that intended to declare for the 2015 NBA Draft. Seven players declared themselves eligible for the draft: Booker, Cauley-Stein, the Harrison twins (Aaron and Andrew), Johnson, Lyles, and Towns. Leading up to the draft Towns, Cauley-Stein, Booker and Lyles were projected as lottery picks. The Harrison twins and Johnson were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17973900", "score": "1.1580029", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Minnesota Twins", "text": "North America. In July 2014, Target Field hosted the 85th Major League Baseball All-Star Game and the Home Run Derby. Minnesota Twins all-time roster: A complete list of players who played in at least one game for the Twins franchise. Molitor and Winfield, St. Paul natives and University of Minnesota graduates, came to the team late in their careers and were warmly received as \"hometown heroes\", but were elected to the Hall on the basis of their tenures with other teams. Both swatted their 3,000th hit with the Twins. Cronin, Goslin, Griffith, Harris, Johnson, Killebrew and Wynn are listed on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "267339", "score": "1.157326", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Jared Mitchell (baseball)", "text": "the Minnesota Twins in order to attend Louisiana State University (LSU) after being selected by the club in the 10th round of the 2006 Major League Baseball Draft. Mitchell played for both the LSU Tigers baseball team and the LSU Tigers football team. He was awarded the College World Series Most Outstanding Player for his play during the 2009 College World Series which was won by the LSU Tigers. He also played on the 2007 LSU BCS National Championship football team as a wide receiver. He is a rare two-sport college national champion along with LSU baseball and football teammate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13508351", "score": "1.1542611", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Matt Lawton", "text": "who later played in Major League Baseball. In 2004, Lawton donated US$10,000 to his \"alma mater\". The funds were used to build a covered batting cage and improve the baseball team's field. Lawton signed with the Minnesota Twins on August 12, 1991, after being selected by them in that year's draft. He began his professional baseball career in 1992 with the Gulf Coast League Twins of the rookie-league Gulf Coast League. That season, Lawton batted .260 with 39 runs scored, 45 hits, eight doubles, three triples, two home runs, 26 runs batted in (RBIs), 20 stolen bases, and 27 walks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4778752", "score": "1.1531423", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Jim Perry (baseball)", "text": "Twins Hall of Fame in a ceremony prior to a Twins home game and attended by current members including Rod Carew, Bert Blyleven, Rick Aguilera, Gary Gaetti, Tom Kelly, Jim Rantz, and Tony Oliva. On November 11, 2012, Campbell University announced that their renovated baseball stadium would be re-named Jim Perry Stadium. Perry attended Campbell University from 1956–1959. Jim Perry (baseball) James Evan Perry, Jr. (born October 30, 1935) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched from 1959–1975 for four teams. During a 17-year baseball career, Perry compiled 215 wins, 1,576 strikeouts, and a 3.45 earned run", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5631596", "score": "1.1482965", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Minnesota Twins minor league players", "text": "debut that same year with the GCL Twins before being promoted to the Elizabethton Twins. In 33 games between the two clubs, he batted .222 with ten RBIs. He spent 2017 with the Cedar Rapids Kernels where he compiled a .224 batting average with four home runs and 30 RBIs in 89 games, and 2018 with both Cedar Rapids and the Fort Myers Miracle, slashing a combined .262/.331/.379 with five home runs and 43 RBIs in 90 total games between the two clubs. Tyler Jaymes Watson (born May 22, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Minnesota Twins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571400", "score": "1.1456769", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Nick Gordon", "text": "games. The Twins added Gordon to their 40-man roster after the 2018 season. His father, Tom Gordon played in the major leagues from 1988 to 2009. His paternal half-brother, Dee Gordon, is also a major league player. Nick Gordon Nicholas Chad Gordon (born October 24, 1995) is an American professional baseball shortstop in the Minnesota Twins organization. He was drafted by the Twins in the first round of the 2014 Major League Baseball Draft. Gordon attended Olympia High School in Orlando, Florida. As a junior in 2013, he was the Florida Gatorade Baseball Player of the Year. He hit .505", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18051142", "score": "1.1447568", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Minnesota Twins minor league players", "text": "1.34 WHIP. Luis Sangel Arráez (born April 9, 1997) is a Venezuelan professional baseball second baseman in the Minnesota Twins organization. Arráez signed with the Minnesota Twins as an international free agent in November 2013. He made his professional debut in 2014 with the Dominican Summer League Twins. Arráez played in only three games in 2017 due to a torn ACL. He returned from the injury in 2018. The Twins added him to their 40-man roster after the 2018 season. David Clemente Banuelos (born October 1, 1996) is an American professional baseball catcher in the Minnesota Twins organization. Banuelos attended", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571382", "score": "1.1441321", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jimmie Hall", "text": "Allison, Hall, and Killebrew all connected in the top of the 11th inning in a 3–3 tie game. With 3 home runs off Kansas City Athletics reliever Dan Pfister and Killebrew's off his replacement, Vern Handrahan, the Twins would pull out a 7–3 victory. On May 27 versus the Los Angeles Angels, he led off the fifth inning and was hit on the cheek by a pitch from fire-balling southpaw Bo Belinsky. Hall immediately exited the game, but returned to the starting lineup about a week later and then played well for the remainder of the season while wearing a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3428970", "score": "1.141305", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Chuck Nieson", "text": "hit, a home run to Frank Malzone of the Boston Red Sox. His ERA was 4.50. He enjoys fishing and was the 2010 Big Stone Walleye champion. Chuck Nieson Charles Bassett Nieson is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who appeared in 2 games for the Minnesota Twins in 1964. Nieson was born on September 24, 1942 in Hanford, California. He threw and batted right-handed, was in height, and in weight. He attended Fresno State University. On September 18, 1964, he made his big league debut at the age of 21. He wore number 29. The next day, he played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7822966", "score": "1.1390134", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "1981 Minnesota Twins season", "text": "Doug Corbett. On August 24, first baseman Kent Hrbek made his major league debut, in a Yankee Stadium game. His twelfth-inning home run beat the Yankees 3-2. Later that week, Herbie was topped by catcher Tim Laudner, who debuted on August 28 and hit home runs in his first \"two\" games. On September 20, Gary Gaetti made his major league debut and started at third base for the Twins. In his first at bat in the second inning, he homered off Texas Rangers pitcher Charlie Hough to become the third Twin to homer in his first-ever at bat. Gaetti joined", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9707633", "score": "1.1389077", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Kentucky Wildcats baseball", "text": "for the most part they delivered. They started the season 19–0 before falling to Arkansas. They then fell into a tailspin but rebounded at the end of the year to just miss the SEC playoffs after a Tennessee Volunteers win. They finished with a 37–19 record. Jason Kipnis, who was an outfielder for that team, is now a second baseman for the Cleveland Indians. In 2008, Kentucky started off strong posting a 19–0 record and being ranked as high as #4 in the nation. The Wildcats rolled into conference play and began to struggle after being swept by eventual College", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11989268", "score": "1.1353042", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Matt Lawton", "text": "17 triples, 138 home runs, 631 runs batted in (RBIs), 165 stolen bases, and 681 walks in 1,334 games played. Lawton was drafted by the Twins during the 1991 MLB draft out of Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College. A season later, he made is professional debut in the minor leagues with the Gulf Coast League Twins. He also played in the minors with the Fort Wayne Wizards (1993), the Fort Myers Miracle (1994, 1999), the Hardware City Rock Cats (1995), the Salt Lake Buzz (1996), and the Akron Aeros (2002–03). During his minor league career, Lawton compiled a .282 batting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4778749", "score": "1.1346633", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Scott Stahoviak", "text": "Scott Stahoviak Scott Edmund Stahoviak (born March 6, 1970) is a former Minnesota Twins first baseman. He attended Creighton University, and was an integral part of Creighton's NCAA College World Series appearance in 1991. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Stahoviak was drafted by the Twins in the first round with the twenty-seventh overall pick in the 1991 amateur draft. He signed with the Twins on June 13, 1991. He made his major league debut in 1993 and also played from 1995 through 1998. Stahoviak played at least part of every season in the minor leagues from until except .", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9094419", "score": "1.1345901", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Danny McDevitt", "text": "and the Minnesota Twins during the 1961 season, and ended his big league career with the Kansas City Athletics in 1962. McDevitt lived in Social Circle, Georgia, and died in Covington, Georgia, aged 78. Danny McDevitt Daniel Eugene McDevitt (November 18, 1932 – November 20, 2010) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1957 through 1962 for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Yankees, Minnesota Twins and Kansas City Athletics. The left-hander was listed at tall and . McDevitt was born in 1932 in Manhattan. He relocated together with his family to Hallstead, Pennsylvania, where he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10825666", "score": "1.1343725", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "1980", "1979" ]

[ { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "was a riveter at the Tietjen and Lang shipyard. He performed in local Hoboken social clubs such as The Cat's Meow and The Comedy Club, and sang for free on radio stations such as WAAT in Jersey City. In New York, Sinatra found jobs singing for his supper or for cigarettes. To improve his speech, he began taking elocution lessons for a dollar each from vocal coach John Quinlan, who was one of the first people to notice his impressive vocal range. Sinatra began singing professionally as a teenager, but he learned music by ear and never learned to read", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141466", "score": "1.0998654", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Early life of Frank Sinatra", "text": "as a riveter at the Tietjen and Lang shipyard. She was also responsible for his job at the Union Club at 600 Hudson Street in Hoboken, run by Joseph Samperi, where he was paid $40 a week for five weeks. He performed in local Hoboken social clubs such as The Cat's Meow and The Comedy Club, and sang for free on radio stations such as WAAT in Jersey City. In New York he found jobs singing for his supper or for cigarettes. Sinatra began taking 45-minute elocution lessons for a dollar an hour under New York-based vocal coach John Quinlan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19068476", "score": "1.0754502", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Theme from New York, New York", "text": "since become closely associated with him. He occasionally performed it live with Minnelli as a duet. Sinatra recorded it a second time for his 1993 album \"Duets\", with Tony Bennett. The first line of the song is: Within are two similar lines: The song concludes with the line: Minnelli's original recording of the song (also used in the Tony Bennett version in \"Duets\") uses the following closing line: It should not be confused with the song \"New York, New York\", from Leonard Bernstein/Adolph Green/Betty Comden's musical \"On the Town\" (1944), which features the lyric \"New York, New York, it’s a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4655896", "score": "1.0621886", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "Award. He was collectively included in Time magazine's compilation After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him \"the greatest singer of the 20th century\", and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the only child of Italians Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa and Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra. Sinatra weighed at birth and had to be with the aid of forceps, which caused severe scarring to his left cheek, neck, and ear, and perforated his eardrum,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141461", "score": "1.0414925", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "Frank Sinatra Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian Americans, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\". He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141454", "score": "1.038191", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "being heavily involved in political activity in 1945 and 1946, in those two years Sinatra sang on 160 radio shows, recorded 36 times, and shot four films. By 1946 he was performing on stage up to 45 times a week, singing up to 100 songs daily, and earning up to $93,000 a week. In 1946 Sinatra released \"Oh! What it Seemed to Be\", \"Day by Day\", \"They Say It's Wonderful\", \"Five Minutes More\", and \"The Coffee Song\" as singles, and launched his first album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", which reached No. 1 on the Billboard chart. William Ruhlmann of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141486", "score": "1.0369287", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Frank Parker (singer)", "text": "Frank Parker (singer) Frank Parker (April 29, 1903 – January 10, 1999) was an American singer and radio and television personality. Parker was born Frank Ciccio on April 29, 1903 (or April 29, 1906, or July 1, 1906) in New York City. He was a graduate of the Milan Conservatory of music, and was a dancer in a stage production of \"Little Nellie Kelly.\" Parker began his singing career as a tenor in 1926 and appeared with Harry Horlick's orchestra in 1933. Parker debuted on radio as a substitute singer on \"The Eveready Hour\", and he was a regular on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16322641", "score": "1.0341992", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Voice of Frank Sinatra", "text": "The Voice of Frank Sinatra The Voice of Frank Sinatra is the first studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released on Columbia Records, catalogue C-112, March 4, 1946. It was first issued as a set of four 78 rpm records totaling eight songs, the individual discs having been previously released as singles, consisting of catalog #s 36762, 36919, 36921, and 37089. The album went to #1 on the fledgling Billboard chart. It stayed at the top for seven weeks in 1946, spending a total of eighteen weeks on the charts. The album chart consisted of just a Top Five", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6208439", "score": "1.0333036", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "New York (U2 song)", "text": "a verse about Frank Sinatra (that also didn't make it). And Lou has an album called \"New York\", and he mentions my name on one of the tracks, \"Beginning of a Great Adventure\". And I just think he is to New York what James Joyce was to Dublin.\" In another interview, Bono elaborated further on the song's theme of \"mid-life crisis\": \"There used to be a verse at the end about Frank Sinatra, because if I was going to be singing about New York, New York, I felt like I should. It went \"When I'm down on my luck /", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7922191", "score": "1.0225269", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Theme from New York, New York", "text": "In 1979, \"Theme from New York, New York\" was re-recorded by Frank Sinatra for his album Trilogy: Past Present Future (1980), and has since become closely associated with him. He occasionally performed it live with Minnelli as a duet. Sinatra recorded it a second time for his 1993 album Duets, with Tony Bennett.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "troubled New York City homicide cop, Sinatra gave an \"extraordinarily rich\", heavily layered characterization, one which \"made for one terrific farewell\" to his film career. After beginning on the \"Major Bowes Amateur Hour\" radio show with the Hoboken Four in 1935, and later WNEW and WAAT in Jersey City, Sinatra became the star of various radio shows of his own on NBC and CBS from the early 1940s to the mid 1950s. In 1942 Sinatra hired arranger Axel Stordahl away from Tommy Dorsey before he began his first radio program that year, keeping Stordahl with him for all of his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141569", "score": "1.0150023", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "Columbia to pay his back taxes after MCA refused to front the money. Rejected by Hollywood, he turned to Las Vegas and made his debut at the Desert Inn in September 1951, and also began singing at the Riverside Hotel in Reno, Nevada. Sinatra became one of Las Vegas's pioneer residency entertainers, and a prominent figure on the Vegas scene throughout the 1950s and 1960s onwards, a period described by Rojek as the \"high-water mark\" of Sinatra's \"hedonism and self absorption\". Rojek notes that the Rat Pack \"provided an outlet for gregarious banter and wisecracks\", but argues that it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141493", "score": "1.0095892", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Early life of Frank Sinatra", "text": "Early life of Frank Sinatra Francis Albert \"Frank\" Sinatra was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on December 12, 1915. He grew up in a tenement with his parents, who had emigrated from Italy. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey, the only child of Italian immigrants Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa and Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra. The couple had eloped on Valentine's Day, 1913, and were married at the city hall in Jersey City, New Jersey; they later got remarried in a church. Sinatra weighed at birth and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19068463", "score": "1.0091388", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra filmography", "text": "Frank Sinatra filmography Frank Sinatra (1915–1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. Over the course of his acting career he created a body of work that one biographer described as being \"as varied, impressive and rewarding as that of any other Hollywood star\". Sinatra began his career as a singer, initially in his native Hoboken, New Jersey, but increasing success led to a contract to perform on stage and radio across the United States. One of his earliest film roles was in the 1935", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9229721", "score": "1.007324", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Mary Small", "text": "arranged for her an audition with their manager Ed Wolfe who then booked her on the Rudy Vallee Hour on NBC affiliate WEAF New York where she received her first big break singing \"Louisville Lady\". Mary's voice was unique for that of a child, almost freakish to some, and the audience disbelief as to her age captivated America. Within a month she had landed her own show on NBC which led into Frank Sinatra's hour. Along with a selected stable of stars, they were promoted across the country on matchbooks, bottle caps and subway cars. While a child in New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16908183", "score": "1.004631", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "Original Song. Sinatra released \"Softly, as I Leave You\", and collaborated with Bing Crosby and Fred Waring on \"America, I Hear You Singing\", a collection of patriotic songs recorded as a tribute to the assassinated President John F. Kennedy. Sinatra increasingly became involved in charitable pursuits in this period. In 1961 and 1962 he went to Mexico, with the sole purpose of putting on performances for Mexican charities, and in July 1964 he was present for the dedication of the Frank Sinatra International Youth Center for Arab and Jewish children in Nazareth. Sinatra's phenomenal success in 1965, coinciding with his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141515", "score": "0.9993143", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy", "text": "of the 1950s. \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\" was released on March 10, 1946 — it was re-issued as a 10\" record in 1958. Four more albums would follow over the next five years, as would a Christmas album and a project in which Sinatra conducted the songs of Alec Wilder. Other notable Sinatra albums include \"Where Are You?\" from 1957, which was his first stereo album and his first album recorded with Gordon Jenkins, \"Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely\" (1958), a bleak, introspective album, which Sinatra later claimed was his finest work. The lavish \"The Concert Sinatra\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10450021", "score": "0.99545896", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Early life of Frank Sinatra", "text": "when Sinatra was as young as 11 he had something. Sinatra later recalled: \"One day, I got a nickel. I said \"This is the racket\". I thought, \"It's wonderful to sing... I never forgot it.\" During his early teenage years Sinatra forced himself to develop his voice. wanting to \"make something of himself\". He listened heavily to Gene Austin, Rudy Vallée, Russ Colombo and Bob Eberly, and \"idolized\" Bing Crosby, adopting Crosby's props such as a sailor's cap and pipe in his own performances. Sinatra's maternal uncle, Domenico, gave him a ukulele for his 15th birthday, and he began performing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19068473", "score": "0.9943727", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "America, I Hear You Singing", "text": "America, I Hear You Singing America, I Hear You Singing is an album recorded and released in 1964 by American singer Frank Sinatra with Bing Crosby and Fred Waring's Pennsylvanians. The album is a collection of patriotic songs, recorded as a tribute to the assassinated president John F. Kennedy. The artists would collaborate again for the album \"12 Songs of Christmas\", released later the same year. The album received its first release on CD in 2010. The tracks featuring Frank Sinatra were included on the 1995 box set \"The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings\". A critic at \"Variety\" magazine liked the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6480369", "score": "0.99321043", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Voice of Frank Sinatra", "text": "Beginning in 1939, however, singer Lee Wiley started releasing albums of 78s dedicated to the songs of a single writer, Cole Porter for example, a precursor to the \"Songbooks\" sets formulated by Norman Granz and Ella Fitzgerald in 1956. These may loosely be termed concept albums, although Sinatra with \"The Voice\" inaugurated his practice of having a common mood, theme, or instrumentation tying the songs together on a specific release. It also holds the distinction of being the first pop album catalogue item at 33⅓ rpm, when Columbia premiered long-playing vinyl records in 1948, ten-inch and twelve-inch format for classical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6208441", "score": "0.9927", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "At the end of the program Sinatra graced the stage for the last time to sing the final notes of the \"Theme from New York, New York\" with an ensemble. In recognition of his many years of association with Las Vegas, Frank Sinatra was elected to the Gaming Hall of Fame in 1997. While Sinatra never learned how to read music well, he had a fine, natural understanding of it, and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music. He did, however, learn to follow a lead sheet during a performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141542", "score": "0.9917126", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "Track after track, the brilliant concept albums redefined the nature of pop vocal art\". Sinatra attempted to pursue an acting career in Hollywood in the early 1940s. While films appealed to him, being exceptionally self-confident, he was rarely enthusiastic about his own acting, once remarking that \"pictures stink\". Sinatra made his film debut in 1941, performing in an uncredited sequence in \"Las Vegas Nights\", singing \"I'll Never Smile Again\" with Tommy Dorsey's Pied Pipers. In 1943 he had a cameo role along with Duke Ellington and Count Basie in Charles Barton's \"Reveille with Beverly\", making a brief appearance singing \"Night", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141556", "score": "0.99056137", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "1942–44 musicians' strike", "text": "the band began with his singing, followed by any solos by Dorsey or others. A significant moment in the rise of the vocalist occurred when Sinatra performed with Benny Goodman and his Orchestra at New York City's Paramount Theater on December 30, 1942. Sinatra was third–billed on the program and although he was the United States' most popular singer, Goodman had never heard of him. Goodman announced him and the audience roared and shrieked for five minutes. Goodman's response was, \"What the hell was that?\" Once Sinatra started to sing, the audience continued to shriek during every song. As a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9105256", "score": "0.9899142", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy", "text": "of the album, which is vitally important... Once we choose songs that will be in a particular album, I'll sit with Bill Miller, my pianist, and find the proper key. Then I will meet with the orchestrator... Usually we wind up doing it the way the arranger feels it should be done, because he understands more than I do about it...\" Frank Sinatra holds the unique distinction of singing on the first \"Billboard\" #1 single, \"I'll Never Smile Again\" (1940) — which sold 900,000 copies — and had the first ever #1 album in the UK, \"Songs For Swingin' Lovers\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10450024", "score": "0.98371345", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "New York (Glee)", "text": "Sinatra number were released as singles, available for digital download, though \"Still Got Tonight\" had been released in late April in the lead-up to the debut of Morrison's album on May 10, 2011. \"New York\" was first broadcast on May 24, 2011 in the United States on Fox. It garnered a 4.6/11 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, and received 11.80 million American viewers during its initial airing. With an \"American Idol\" lead-in, and despite strong competition from the first hour of \"Dancing With the Stars Results\" on ABC, which matched the \"Glee\" Nielsen rating/share for its two-hour broadcast, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15598372", "score": "0.98332596", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Anthony Martin Sinatra", "text": "12, 1915. Sinatra continued his boxing career, until he broke his wrists after 30 professional fights. He then attempted to find marine work, but was rejected due to asthma. Dolly helped him find work as a fireman, and he was eventually appointed to the Hoboken Fire Department in 1927, where he attained the rank of Captain without having to take any formal exams. While still a Captain in the fire department, Sinatra and his wife opened a tavern, called Marty O'Brien's. With sufficient income, the family of three moved to a three-bedroom apartment, only a few blocks away from Monroe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12939147", "score": "0.980227", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Early life of Frank Sinatra", "text": "my eyes were single file. Between those two and my belly button my old man thought I was a clarinet\". Sinatra developed an interest in music, particularly big band jazz, from a young age, and became addicted to listening to the radio, \"entranced by the new musical and comedy routines and captivated by the huge audiences they commanded\", according to biographer Chris Rojek. He began singing at a young age, sitting on top of the piano at his parent's bar in Hoboken, \"Marty's O'Brien's. Dolly was not enthusiastic at the idea of her son becoming a singer, but she realized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19068472", "score": "0.9791696", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra Jr.", "text": "Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne Sinatra (; January 10, 1944 – March 16, 2016), professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr., was an American singer, songwriter, and conductor. He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife, Nancy Barbato Sinatra; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra; and the older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra. Francis Wayne Sinatra was born January 10, 1944, in Jersey City, New Jersey, into the household of one of the most popular singers in the world, Frank Sinatra. The younger Sinatra, who was not technically a \"junior\" –", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3762345", "score": "0.97644854", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "My Kind of Town", "text": "was the B-side to the 1957 Academy Award for Best Original Song winner, \"All the Way\". On Ruby Braff's 1981 tribute album, \"Very Sinatra\" he does a medley called \"New York, New York/My Kind Of Town (Chicago Is)\". On Barry Manilow's 1998 album \"Manilow Sings Sinatra\", he includes a 3:00 version of the song. Jack Jones, who won two Grammy Awards in the 1960s and charted dozens of songs including the theme from The Love Boat, recorded an album entitled \"My Kind of Town\" with a title track by the same name. Among the other artists who have recorded versions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10945244", "score": "0.97636133", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Frank Sinatra", "text": "music. He got his first break in 1935 when his mother persuaded a local singing group, the 3 Flashes, to let him join. Fred Tamburro, the group's baritone, stated that \"Frank hung around us like we were gods or something\", admitting that they only took him on board because he owned a car and could chauffeur the group around. Sinatra soon learned they were auditioning for the \"Major Bowes Amateur Hour\" show, and \"begged\" the group to let him in on the act. With Sinatra, the group became known as the Hoboken Four, and passed an audition from Edward Bowes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141467", "score": "0.975786", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "Meri" ]

[ { "title": "Sister Wives", "text": "Sister Wives Sister Wives is an American reality television series broadcast on TLC that premiered on September 26, 2010. The show documents the life of a polygamist family, which includes patriarch Kody Brown, his four wives, and their 18 children. The family began the series living in Lehi, Utah, but has since moved to Las Vegas, Nevada in 2011, and the unincorporated township of Baderville, Arizona, (northwest of Flagstaff, Arizona) in mid-2018. Brown and his four wives have stated they participated in the show to make the public more aware of polygamist families and to combat societal prejudices. Brown believes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14943934", "score": "1.2007775", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Sister Wives", "text": "additional associated crimes (e.g., welfare fraud or marriage of underage persons), the Browns had no credible fear of future prosecution and thus lacked standing. Sister Wives Sister Wives is an American reality television series broadcast on TLC that premiered on September 26, 2010. The show documents the life of a polygamist family, which includes patriarch Kody Brown, his four wives, and their 18 children. The family began the series living in Lehi, Utah, but has since moved to Las Vegas, Nevada in 2011, and the unincorporated township of Baderville, Arizona, (northwest of Flagstaff, Arizona) in mid-2018. Brown and his four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14943964", "score": "1.1052814", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Mary Mary", "text": "husband announced their upcoming series premiering on TVOne. This announcement came on the heels of Mary Mary ending their WeTv reality show. Both sisters are married to men who happen to have the same last name, Campbell. In 2000, Tina married Teddy Campbell, who was the drummer for \"American Idol\". He has a daughter, Cierra, from a previous relationship. Together, they have five children. Their daughter Laiah Simone Campbell was born on September 9, 2003. Second daughter Meela Jane Campbell was born on June 11, 2007. On October 20, 2009, their son Glendon Theodore II was born. Their youngest son,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6125067", "score": "1.1002222", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Wife Returns", "text": "can't forget Sang-woo and on one fateful day, she meets him once again. Wife Returns Wife Returns (; also known as My Wife is Back) is a South Korean television series starring Kang Sung-yeon, Jo Min-ki, Yoon Se-ah, Park Jung-chul, and Kim Mu-yeol. It aired on SBS from November 2, 2009 to April 16, 2010 on Mondays to Fridays at 19:20 for 116 episodes. The melodrama deals with a broken family, betrayal, adultery and revenge with a dash of violence. \"Wife Returns\" revolves around a woman who gets revenge on the husband of her identical twin sister. The sister was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14020432", "score": "1.0875132", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Don Kelly (baseball)", "text": "the Pittsburgh suburb Wexford, Pennsylvania. He married Carrie Walker on January 13, 2007; his brothers-in-law include New York Yankees infielder Neil Walker and former minor leaguer Matt Walker; his father-in-law is former major league pitcher Tom Walker. His wife Carrie was a women’s basketball player at Wagner College and the Northeast Conference Rookie of the Year in 2001. His sister Ashlee was a standout women's basketball player for Quinnipiac University and the Northeast Conference Player of the Year in 2003. After spending three years as head women's basketball coach at Mercy College, she was named assistant coach at Iona College", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9993564", "score": "1.0839508", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Basketball Wives", "text": "Laflin first and only female scout, Sisters Aja and Christen Metoyer, Keonna Green girlfriend of Nick Young, Elena Ahanzadeh, Brandi Maxiell wife of Jason Maxiell, Saniy'yah Samaa celebrity stylist, Hazel Renee, and former main cast member Jennifer Williams as supporting cast members. All main cast members returned for season seven with Williams promoted to the main cast. With the addition of Kristen Scott wife of former league coach Thomas Scott, CeCe Gutierrez girlfriend of former Los Angeles Lakers player and coaching legend Byron Scott and Ogom Chijindu professional football player as supporting cast members. Basketball Wives Basketball Wives is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14601407", "score": "1.0811589", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Sarah Jane Morris (actress)", "text": "Sarah Jane Morris (actress) Sarah Jane Morris (born April 12, 1977) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Julia Walker on the ABC television drama \"Brothers & Sisters\" from 2006 to 2009. Morris was born to Walker (a commercial airline pilot) and Janie Morris, a social worker, the youngest of four siblings and graduated from the private all-girls' Hutchison School in Memphis. She attended Southern Methodist University (SMU) in Dallas, Texas, where she was a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma. It was there that she met her future husband, Ned Brower, whom she married on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9080401", "score": "1.0763592", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Khieu Ponnary", "text": "a second wife. In 1996, Ponnary, together with her sister and brother-in-law, were granted amnesty from prosecution by the Cambodian government. Ponnary was cared for by her sister and her sister’s husband Ieng Sary. She died in Pailin on July 1, 2003, aged 83. \"She knows nothing. Even me she does not remember. I pity her very much, but I don't know how to help her, as she has a disease which is difficult to cure\". Khieu Ponnary Khieu Ponnary (3 February 1920 – 1 July 2003) was the first wife of Pol Pot, sister of Khieu Thirith and sister-in-law", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8372979", "score": "1.0726941", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sister Wives", "text": "polygamy is accepted by the mainstream church. Several commentators have taken notice of the fact that the family's religious convictions are downplayed in \"Sister Wives\". According to Nielsen Media Research, the September 26, 2010, one-hour premiere episode of \"Sister Wives\" drew 2.26 million viewers, a strong rating for the network. It marked the biggest series debut for TLC since \"Cake Boss\" launched in 2009 and was a stronger rating than any of the season premieres for HBO's \"Big Love\". The remaining episodes of the first season were each a half-hour long, with two broadcast together each Thursday. In the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14943961", "score": "1.0710379", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Sister Wives", "text": "The only legal marriage was between Kody and his first wife Meri, until their legal divorce in September 2014. (He legally married fourth wife Robyn in December 2014 in order to legally adopt her three children). The other marriages are considered spiritual unions. As of 2015 Kody has been married to Meri for 25 years, Janelle for 22 years, Christine for 21 years, and Robyn for 5 years. Kody and Meri have a daughter named Mariah, their only child. Kody and Janelle have six children: daughters Madison and Savanah and sons Logan, Hunter, Garrison, and Gabriel. Kody and Christine have", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Four Wives", "text": "Four Wives Four Wives is a 1939 American drama film starring the Lane Sisters (Priscilla Lane, Rosemary Lane, Lola Lane) and Gale Page. The film was directed by Michael Curtiz and is based on the story \"Sister Act\" by Fannie Hurst. It was released by Warner Bros. on December 25, 1939. The film is a sequel to \"Four Daughters\" (1938) and was followed by \"Four Mothers\" (1941). Ann Lemp Borden (Priscilla Lane) has been recently widowed, after her husband Mickey Borden (John Garfield), a down and out and unlucky musical genius, is tragically killed in a car accident. She now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13767551", "score": "1.062871", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Melissa Rosenberg", "text": "after her father had remarried to Lynn MacCuish; he later married again to fellow therapist Beverly Kitaen-Morse. She has an older sister, Andrea (born 1960), younger brother and sister Erik and K. C. (twins, born 1963), and a younger half-sister, Mariya (born 1981), by her father's second wife. Rosenberg lives in Los Angeles with her husband Lev L. Spiro, a television director. She joked that \"At our wedding, half the attendees were shrinks, the other half, their clients,\" after explaining that \"My sister is a dance therapist; my other sister is in graduate school to become a therapist. My husband's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8331257", "score": "1.0609986", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sister Wives", "text": "other TLC series such as \"19 Kids and Counting\" and \"Kate Plus 8\". \"Religion Dispatches\" writer Joanna Brooks shared Tenety's perspective, criticizing the show for presenting polygamy in a manner that \"is about as interesting to me as Kate Gosselin's latest makeover.\" In this vein Brooks criticized the show for not engaging the theology of plural marriage and for letting Kody Brown's superficial comments about the dissimilarity of Fundamentalist and mainstream Mormonism pass onto the viewers without any critical scrutiny or added nuance. Shari Puterman, television columnist with the \"Asbury Park Press\", felt the sister wives had issues with jealousy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14943959", "score": "1.0593061", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "First Wives' Club", "text": "First Wives' Club First Wives' Club () is a 2007 South Korean drama series starring Kim Hye-sun, Kim Hae-sook, Oh Hyun-kyung, Ahn Nae-sang, Lee Joon-hyuk and Son Hyun-joo. The weekend drama aired on SBS from September 29, 2007 to October 5, 2008 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 for 104 episodes. Han Bok-soo (Kim Hye-sun) put her husband through medical school by earning a living as a fish seller, but her husband does not feel grateful about it and looks down on her instead. She learns that her brother, Won-soo (Ahn Nae-sang), who is married to her best friend Na", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325515", "score": "1.055539", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "M. R. Bhattathiripad", "text": "13 September 1934. This was the first known widow marriage in the Kerala Nambuthiri community. The ceremony, though boycotted by orthodox Nambudiris, was attended by notable social reformers like Arya Pallam and M. C. Joseph. MRB's younger brother Premji later followed his brother in 1943 by marrying a 27-year old widow named Arya Antharjanam. When Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi started its flagship publication, \"Keli\" in 1963, MRB was the first editor. He died on 8 October 2001, aged 93. He is survived by his three daughters. His wife predeceased him in 1996. His brother Premji also predeceased him. MRB wrote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12581644", "score": "1.0549085", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Jenny Sullivan", "text": "married to guitarist/producer Jim Messina during the heyday of the country rock duo Loggins and Messina. She is the former sister-in-law of songwriter Jimmy Webb, who was married to her half-sister (and former cover girl) Patricia. Jenny Sullivan Jenny Sullivan (born December 14, 1946) is an American film and television actress. She has starred in some TV movies, and her best-known role is reporter Kristine Walsh in the 1983 miniseries \"V\" and its 1984 sequel \"V: The Final Battle\". Sullivan is the daughter of actor Barry Sullivan. Her first feature film was \"The Angry Breed\" (1968). Other film appearances include", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6586981", "score": "1.0473124", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Sister Wives", "text": "great story. Camera crews shot footage of the family in mid-2010 to be used in the first season, ending in May with the marriage of Kody Brown and Robyn Sullivan. The crews continued to film them afterward in case the series was picked up for a second season. \"Sister Wives\" was publicly introduced on August 6, 2010, at the Television Critics Association summer media tour in Beverly Hills, California. The series' first episode, an hour long, was broadcast on TLC on September 26, 2010, and the first season continued with six half-hour chapters until October 17, 2010. The broadcast of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14943939", "score": "1.0472858", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "James F. Holland", "text": "in 1972. While he worked at RPCI, Holland met his wife, Jimmie C. Holland; she became a psychiatrist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Holland had a daughter, Diane Louise, with his first wife, Fern Lucille Rahe, whom he married at Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church in June 1945. Their marriage came to an end in a divorce. He met his second wife, and they had five more children together, Steven M., Sally, Peter, Mary and David. One of Holland's siblings, Thomas R. Holland (1926–2013), was the first oncologist in Morristown. His elder brother, Albert H. Holland Jr. (d. 1988), was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19137079", "score": "1.0447855", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Helen Daniels", "text": "on the show, Helen was charged with drink driving, buried a granddaughter, had an affair with her daughter's fiancé, was kidnapped, was evicted, was widowed, told her daughter she was adopted and had a bout of depression after son in law Jim Robinson died. In the storyline Helen remarried twice, first in 1991 to Michael Daniels (Brian Blain), her first husband's cousin. Michael was soon revealed as a bigamist who was still married to his first wife Louise (Maggie Payne) and so the marriage was annulled. She later married Reuben White (James Condon) in 1995; however, he died soon afterwards.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6774739", "score": "1.0438323", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Amasa Lyman", "text": "said] brother Amasa, go and practice on the principles I have taught you, and God bless you.\" Soon Lyman married his first and second plural wives, Diontha Walker and Caroline Partridge. In 1846, Lyman married four additional wives: Eliza Maria Partridge (one of numerous widows of Smith and the 25-year-old sister of Lyman's wife Caroline), Paulina Eliza Phelps, Priscilla Turley, and Cornelia Leavitt. In 1851, Lyman married his eighth and final wife, Lydia Partridge, a sister of his wives Caroline and Eliza. Lyman served several missions for the church, preaching in Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Tennessee.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4608622", "score": "1.0423903", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Prem Chopra", "text": "to their respective wives that only if their sister is happy, would they be happy and Prem considers his sister to be his first daughter. Noted writer-director Lekh Tandon brought the proposal of Uma for marriage to Prem. Uma was the younger sister of the siblings Krishna Kapoor, Prem Nath and Rajendranath. The couple have three daughters, Rakita, Punita and Prerna Chopra. Rakita is married to film publicity designer Rahul Nanda. Punita owns a pre-school called Wind Chimes in Bandra, suburban Mumbai, and is married to singer and television actor Vikas Bhalla. Prerna is married to Bollywood actor Sharman Joshi.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3453832", "score": "1.0421637", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Bianca Gonzalez", "text": "She is sister of TV host JC Gonzales. In March 2014, she was engaged to PBA player J.C. Intal, whom she married on December 4, 2014 in El Nido, Palawan. In April 2015, television host Boy Abunda announced on his program \"Aquino & Abunda Tonight\" that Gonzalez and her husband Intal were expecting their first child. The child, a daughter, Lucia Martine was born on October 23, 2015. Bianca Gonzalez Bianca Gonzalez-Intal (born March 11, 1983) is a Filipina TV host and model. She is married to PBA cager J.C. Intal. Gonzalez first hosted \"GameChannel Extreme\" with Iya Villania, Chase", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7091831", "score": "1.0398133", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Paul Teutul Jr.", "text": "four Teutul children, Paul Jr. has two younger brothers: Daniel, the owner/general manager of Orange County Ironworks LLC, and Michael who featured on the television shows. The youngest of the Teutul children is sister Cristin, who currently works as a nurse in Rochester, New York. Paul's mother is Paula Teutul, his father's first wife. On August 20, 2010, Paul Teutul Jr. married Rachael Biester. They were on the TLC show \"Say Yes to the Dress\". On February 3, 2015, Teutul's wife gave birth to their first son, Hudson Seven Teutul. Paul Teutul Jr. Paul Michael Teutul (born October 2, 1974)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3991145", "score": "1.0387291", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hugh Shearer", "text": "married his first wife Lunette Shearer on 7 October 1947. Lunette was an accounting clerk. They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived, until Mr. Shearer left the matrimonial home. Hugh Shearer married his second wife, Dr. Denise Eldemire, on 28 August 1998. She is the daughter of the late Dr. Herbert Eldemire, who served as Jamaica's first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972. The couple were married for nearly 6 years, until his death in July 2004. In 1941 he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper, the \"Jamaican Worker\". His first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3102584", "score": "1.0373147", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Anthony Dryden Marshall", "text": "His second wife was his former secretary Thelma Hoegnell (born May 11, 1928), whom he married on December 29, 1962. The couple were divorced on January 24, 1992, reportedly following Marshall's affair with Charlene Gilbert, the wife of an Episcopal priest in Northeast Harbor, Maine. His third wife, and widow, whom he married in 1992, is the former Charlene Detwiler Tyler (born July 28, 1945), the former wife of Paul E. Gilbert, a naval officer turned Episcopal priest, and a daughter of Charles Matthew Tyler, an insurance actuary and businessman of Charleston, S.C. By this marriage Marshall had two stepdaughters,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8363589", "score": "1.0372305", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Patricia Shanil Muluzi", "text": "Ntaba, secretary of the Malawi Congress Party and Alliance for Democracy group called a \"the plunder of public money\". She has five children with Bakili Muluzi, two twins, Carlucci and Edna born in 1987, followed Zake born in 1989 and then Lucy born in 1992, finally with Tiyamike born in 1994. She was married to Muluzi in 1987 and became his second wife. As Muslims, Muluzi was married to Annie Muluzi at the time they got married and they were in a polygamous marriage arrangement. She became the second First Lady when Muluzi was elected President. Muluzi divorced his first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15906546", "score": "1.0358723", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Craig Ferguson", "text": "eulogised his father on-air on 30 January 2006. Ferguson has two sisters (one older and one younger) and one older brother. His elder sister's name is Janice and his brother's name is Scott. His younger sister, Lynn Ferguson Tweddle, is also a successful comedian, presenter, and actress, perhaps most widely known as the voice of Mac in the 2000 stop-motion animation film \"Chicken Run\". She was a writer on \"The Late Late Show\" until July 2011. Ferguson has married three times and divorced twice as a result of what he describes as \"relationship issues\". His first marriage was to Anne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4232627", "score": "1.0314758", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki", "text": "and faith in God. She and her family move to Mumbai. After facing many hard times, Rani and all her sisters-in-law get re-married. Rani's second husband (Sameer Sharma) is a wealthy businessman. Coincidentally, he is also named Rishabh. Rani's new life with Rishabh and his large joint family is not easy. She faces many hurdles and goes through testing times. All gets well in the end, however, and Rani lives happily ever after with her second husband. Neha janpandit (former) later replaced by Reena Kapoor as Dr Rani Manav kumar / Rani rishabh Rathore / Rani rishabh johri Woh Rehne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10710341", "score": "1.0306987", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Nina Totenberg", "text": "who was a real estate broker. She is the widow of U.S. Senator Floyd K. Haskell (D-Colorado), whom she married in 1979. She remarried in 2000 to H. David Reines, a trauma surgeon and Vice Chairman of Surgery at Inova Fairfax Hospital. On their honeymoon, he treated her for severe injuries after she was hit by a boat propeller while swimming. In March 2010, Totenberg's sister Amy Totenberg was nominated by President Barack Obama to the U.S. District Court in Atlanta. Amy Totenberg was confirmed the next year. Another sister, Jill Totenberg, is a businesswoman married to Brian Foreman. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5483481", "score": "1.0294352", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "John Schneider (screen actor)", "text": "his second wife, Elvira Castle, on July 11, 1993. On December 12, 2014, TMZ.com reported that Castle had filed for divorce., which, as of September 5, 2018, is still pending. They have three children, Leah and Chasen (born 1991), both of whom are Castle's children from her first marriage, and their daughter Karis. Since April 2015 Schneider has been in a relationship with Alicia Allain, his producing partner and owner of Maven Entertainment. Alicia is also his personal and professional manager. Schneider was good friends with James Best, who played Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane in \"The Dukes of Hazzard\", until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3407322", "score": "1.0291393", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Buddhism" ]

[ { "title": "Zhang Qian", "text": "Murals in Mogao Caves in Dunhuang describe the Emperor Han Wudi (156–87 BC) worshipping Buddhist statues, explaining them as \"golden men brought in 120 BC by a great Han general in his campaigns against the nomads\", although there is no other mention of Han Wudi worshipping the Buddha in Chinese historical literature. China also sent a mission to Anxi, which were followed up by reciprocal missions from Parthian envoys around 100 BC: The Roman historian Florus describes the visit of numerous envoys, including \"Seres\" (Chinese or central Asians), to the first Roman Emperor Augustus, who reigned between 27 BC and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2436038", "score": "1.1150366", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Silk Road transmission of art", "text": "the Buddha, and his representation was then used in China and Japan to depict the protector gods of Buddhist temples. Various other artistic influences from the Silk Road can be found in Asia, one of the most striking being that of the Greek Wind God Boreas, transiting through Central Asia and China to become the Japanese Shinto wind god Fūjin. In consistency with Greek iconography for Boreas, the Japanese wind god holds above his head with his two hands a draping or \"wind bag\" in the same general attitude. The abundance of hair have been kept in the Japanese rendering,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6126424", "score": "1.1049548", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "Shenzhen, Wuhan and Harbin. Manichaeism (摩尼教 Móníjiào or 明教 Míngjiào, \"bright transmission\") was introduced in China together with Christianity in the 7th century, by land from Central Asia and by sea through south-eastern ports. Based on Gnostic teachings and able to adapt to different cultural contexts, the Manichaean religion spread rapidly both westward to the Roman Empire and eastward to China. Historical sources speak of the religion being introduced in China in 694, though this may have happened much earlier. Manichaeans in China held that their religion was first brought to China by Mōzak under Emperor Gaozong of Tang (650–83).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302992", "score": "1.1024173", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "has been a new wave of Parsis settling in China. In Classical Chinese, Zoroastrianism was first referred to as 胡天 \"Hútiān\", which in the Wei-Jin period became the appellation of all northern nomads. In the early Tang, a new character was invented specifically for Zoroastrianism, 祆 \"xiān\", meaning the \"worship of Heaven\". Curiously, in the Far East the Zoroastrians were regarded as \"Heaven worshippers\" rather than \"fire worshippers\" (in Japanese the name of the religion is \"Kenkyō\", the same as in Chinese). At the time it was rare for the Chinese to create a character for a foreign religion, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2303002", "score": "1.101498", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Buddhist art", "text": "efforts of a great number of Central Asian Buddhist monks to Chinese lands. The first missionaries and translators of Buddhists scriptures into Chinese, such as Lokaksema, were either Parthian, Kushan, Sogdian or Kuchean. Central Asian missionary efforts along the Silk Road were accompanied by a flux of artistic influences, visible in the development of Serindian art from the 2nd through the 11th century in the Tarim Basin, modern Xinjiang. Serindian art often derives from the Greco-Buddhist art of the Gandhara district of what is now Pakistan, combining Indian, Greek and Roman influences. Silk Road Greco-Buddhist artistic influences can be found", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8016709", "score": "1.091447", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Hinduism in China", "text": "a small Hindu community in China, mostly situated in southeastern China. A late thirteenth-century bilingual Tamil and Chinese-language inscription has been found associated with the remains of a Siva temple of Quanzhou. This was one of possibly two south Indian-style Hindu temples (115) that must have been built in the southeastern sector of the old port, where the foreign traders' enclave was formerly located. The Four Heavenly Kings originated from the Lokapālas. Hanuman is believed by some scholars to be a source for the Chinese mythological character Sun Wukong. The Yaksha (Chinese: 夜叉) originally from Hindu history, are a class", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6419318", "score": "1.0833182", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Silk Road transmission of Buddhism", "text": "Central Asia and went beyond the regions of Kashgar, Khotan and Yarkand, in the Tarim Basin, modern Xinjiang. As a consequence, cultural exchanges greatly increased, and Central Asian Buddhist missionaries became active shortly after in the Chinese capital cities of Loyang and sometimes Nanjing, where they particularly distinguished themselves by their translation work. They promoted both Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna scriptures. Thirty-seven of these early translators of Buddhist texts are known. The first documented translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese occurs in 148 CE with the arrival of the Parthian prince-turned-monk, An Shigao (Ch. 安世高). He worked to establish Buddhist temples", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4552051", "score": "1.08024", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Cao'an", "text": "history, the \"Book of Fujian\" (), that Huabiao Hill's name comes from the fact that it and the nearby Lingyuan Hill, look like a pair of huabiao. The temple as it exists today is not too different from a typical Buddhist temple of its region. It is a two-story granite building with the worship space downstairs and living space for a few priests upstairs. Manichaeism arrived in China during the Tang dynasty. Early on, the Manichaean religion was strongly associated with Sogdian merchants, and, later, with Uyghurs resident in the Tang state. The religion was, however, primarily present in northern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16529519", "score": "1.0788181", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Hinduism in China", "text": "sects; these include expatriates and lifelong practicing citizens as well as others. Evidence of Hinduism in China have been found in and around Quanzhou in Fujian province, suggesting a Hindu community and particularly Tamil Hindu traders in medieval China. The evidence consists of a Tamil-Chinese bilingual inscription dated April 1281 AD devoted to deity Śiva, as well as over 300 artifacts, idols and Chola-style temple structures discovered in Fujian province since 1933. Archeological studies suggest at least Vaishnavism and Shaivism schools of Hinduism had arrived in China in its history. At present, there are no Hindus in Quanzhou. However, there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6419327", "score": "1.0784122", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Chinese Buddhism", "text": "routes of the Silk Road. The maritime route hypothesis, favored by Liang Qichao and Paul Pelliot, proposed that Buddhism was originally practiced in southern China, the Yangtze River and Huai River region, where prince Ying of Chu (present day Jiangsu) was jointly worshipping the Yellow Emperor, Laozi, and Buddha in 65 CE. The overland route hypothesis, favored by Tang Yongtong, proposed that Buddhism disseminated eastward through Yuezhi and was originally practiced in western China, at the Han capital Luoyang (present day Henan), where Emperor Ming of Han established the White Horse Temple in 68 CE. Rong Xinjiang, a history professor", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "texts were translated into Chinese, including a large number of Indian Tantric texts and the Vedas, which are known in Chinese as the \"Minglun\" or \"Zhilun\", or through phonetic transliteration as the \"Weituo\", \"Feituo\" or \"Pituo\". Various Chinese Buddhist monks dedicated themselves to the study of Hindu scriptures, thought and practice. In the Sui (581–618) and later Tang dynasty (618–907), Hindu texts translated into Chinese included the \"Śulvasūtra\", the \"Śulvaśāstra\" and the \"Prescriptions of Brahmin Rishis\". The Tibetans contributed with the translation into Chinese of the \"Pāṇinisūtra\" and the \"Rāmāyaṇa\". In the 7th century there was an intellectual exchange between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302989", "score": "1.0780387", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "Islam among the Hui and Uyghur peoples. Prior to the formation of Chinese civilisation and the spread of world religions in the region known today as East Asia (which includes the territorial boundaries of modern-day China), local tribes shared animistic, shamanic and totemic worldviews. Mediatory individuals such as shamans communicated prayers, sacrifices or offerings directly to the spiritual world, a heritage that survives in some modern forms of Chinese religion. Ancient shamanism is especially connected to ancient Neolithic cultures such as the Hongshan culture. The Flemish philosopher Ulrich Libbrecht traces the origins of some features of Taoism to what Jan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302795", "score": "1.075631", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Azhaliism", "text": "Azhaliism Azhaliism (Chinese: 阿吒力教 \"Āzhālìjiào\") is a Vajrayana Buddhist religion practiced among the Bai people of Yunnan, China. The name comes from lay tantric priests called \"azhali\" (Sanskrit: \"acharyas\") who are key figures in the religion, known for their use of spells and mantras. The tradition was founded by an Indian acharya named Candragupta who traveled to the kingdom of Nanzhao (653–902) from Tibet in 839. It is a hybrid tradition showing Chinese, Tibetan and Burmese influences. This tradition was also the major religion of the Dali Kingdom (937–1253). Key deities in this tradition include Mahakala (known locally as 'Black", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19683457", "score": "1.0739892", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "is also evident in various gods, originally of Hindu origin, which have been absorbed into the Chinese folk religion. A glaring example is the god Hanuman, who gave rise to the Chinese god \"Hóuwáng\" (猴王 \"Monkey King\"), known as Sun Wukong in the \"Journey to the West\". In the last decades there has been a growth of modern, transnational forms of Hinduism in China: Yogic (\"Yoga\" is rendered as 瑜伽 \"Yújiā\", literally the \"Jade Maiden\"), Tantric, and Krishnaite groups (the \"Bhagavad Gita\" has been recently translated and published in China) have appeared in many urban centres including Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302991", "score": "1.0727649", "original_retrieval_index": 57 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "Some scholars provide evidences that would attest the existence of Zoroastrianism, or broader Iranian religion, in China, as early as the 2nd and 1st century BCE. Worship of Mithra was indeed performed at the court of Emperor Wu of Han (187-87 BCE). The first phase of Zoroastrianism in China started in the Wei and Jin dynasties of the Northern and Southern dynasties' period (220–589), when Sogdian Zoroastrians advanced into China. They did not proselytise among Chinese, and from this period there are only two known fragments of Zoroastrian literature, both in Sogdian language. One of them is a translation of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302998", "score": "1.0726218", "original_retrieval_index": 59 }, { "title": "Religion in Northeast China", "text": "is a folk religious tradition widespread in modern-day Liaoning, with apparent links (at least by name) with the Ruzong Luandao (\"Confucian Traditional Phoenix Way\") and the Shengdao (\"Holy Way\") clusters of sects. Among folk religious sects, the Falun Gong was founded in the 1990s in Jilin by Li Hongzhi, and was widespread mostly in northeastern China at the time when it was outlawed by the central government. Shanrendao (善人道 \"Way of the Virtuous Man\"), is a Confucian religious movement founded in the 1920s by Jiang Shoufeng (1875-1926) and his son Jiang Xizhang (1907-2004), and led in the 1930s by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19030531", "score": "1.0722107", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "Silk Road transmission of Buddhism", "text": "account of an embassy sent to the West by the Chinese Emperor Ming (58–75 CE): Extensive contacts however started in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Greco-Buddhist Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin, with the missionary efforts of a great number of Central Asian Buddhist monks to Chinese lands. The first missionaries and translators of Buddhists scriptures into Chinese were either Parthian, Kushan, Sogdian or Kuchean. In the middle of the 2nd century, the Kushan empire under king Kaniṣka from its capital at Purushapura (modern Peshawar), India expanded into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4552050", "score": "1.0716267", "original_retrieval_index": 61 }, { "title": "Church of the East in China", "text": "Church of the East in China The Church of the East or Nestorian Church had a presence in China during two periods: first from the 7th through the 10th century, and later during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in the 13th and 14th centuries. Locally, the religion was known as Jingjiao/Ching-chiao (景教), which literally means the “Luminous Religion”. Two possibly Nestorian monks were preaching Christianity in India in the 6th century before they smuggled silkworm eggs from China to the Eastern Roman Empire. The first recorded Christian mission to China was led by the Syriac monk known in Chinese as Alopen.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4901604", "score": "1.0712423", "original_retrieval_index": 62 }, { "title": "Silk Road transmission of art", "text": "with rosette flowers, geometric lines, and glass inlays, suggestive of Hellenistic influences, can be found on some early Han dynasty bronze mirrors. The image of the Buddha, originating during the 1st century CE in northern India (areas of Gandhara and Mathura) was transmitted progressively through Central Asia and then China until it reached Japan in the 6th century. To this day however the transmission of many iconographical details is still visible, such as the Hercules inspiration behind the Nio guardian deities in front of Japanese Buddhist temples, or representations of the Buddha reminiscent of Greek art such as the Buddha", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6126421", "score": "1.0697391", "original_retrieval_index": 64 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "dynasty (1271–1368), foreign religions were generally granted freedom, but the following Ming dynasty (1368–1644) renewed discriminations against them. Small Manichaean communities are still active in modern China. Manichaeism is thought to have exerted a strong influence on some of the currents of popular sects, such as that which gave rise to Xiantiandao. Zoroastrianism (琐罗亚斯德教 \"Suǒluōyàsīdéjiào\" or 祆教 \"Xiānjiào\", \"Heaven worship teaching\"; also named 波斯教 \"Bōsījiào\", \"Persian teaching\"; also 拜火教 \"Bàihuǒjiào\", \"fire-worshippers' transmission\"; also 白頭教 \"Báitóujiào\", \"old age teaching\") was first introduced in northern China in the 4th century, or even earlier, by the Sogdians, and it developed through three stages.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302997", "score": "1.0669974", "original_retrieval_index": 67 }, { "title": "Silk Road transmission of art", "text": "Silk Road is the symbol of the Three hares, showing three animals running in a circle. It has been traced back to the Sui dynasty in China, and is still to be found in sacred sites in many parts of Western Europe, and especially in churches in Dartmoor, Devon. Another Buddhist deity, named Shukongoshin, one of the wrath-filled protector deities of Buddhist temples in Japan, is also an interesting case of transmission of the image of the famous Greek god Herakles to the Far-East along the Silk Road. Herakles was used in Greco-Buddhist art to represent Vajrapani, the protector of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6126423", "score": "1.0663621", "original_retrieval_index": 71 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "also comprehends a variety of heterodox sects of Christian inspiration, including Zhushenism (主神教 \"Zhǔshénjiào\", \"Church of Lord God\"), Linglingism (灵灵教 \"Línglíngjiào\", \"Numinous Church\"), Fuhuodao, the Church of the Disciples (门徒会 \"Méntúhuì\") and Eastern Lightning or the Church of Almighty God (全能神教 \"Quánnéngshénjiào\"). Christianity existed in China as early as the 7th century, living multiple cycles of significant presence for centuries, then disappearing for other centuries, and then being re-introduced by foreign missionaries. The arrival of the Persian missionary Alopen in 635, during the early period of the Tang dynasty, is considered by some to be the first entry of Christianity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302968", "score": "1.0615923", "original_retrieval_index": 77 }, { "title": "History of Islam in China", "text": "Dynasty. China's long and interactive relationship with the various steppe tribes and empires, through trade, war, subordination or domination paved the way for a large sustained Islamic community within China. Islamic influence came from the various steppe peoples who assimilated in Chinese culture. Muslims served as administrators, generals, and other leaders who were transferred to China from Persia and Central Asia to administer the empire under the Mongols. Muslims in China have managed to practice their faith in China, sometimes against great odds, since the seventh century. Islam is one of the religions that is still officially recognized in China.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9051245", "score": "1.060822", "original_retrieval_index": 79 }, { "title": "Azhaliism", "text": "Sky god') and Acuoye Guanyin. The Shibaoshan (Stone Treasure Mountain) grottoes, about 10km north of Shaxi, Yunnan, are examples of the art of this Vajrayana tradition. The tradition faced several challenges during Yuan and Qing rule (such as being banned in 1507 and competition from Han Buddhist schools like Chan) but it continues as a living religion today. Azhaliism Azhaliism (Chinese: 阿吒力教 \"Āzhālìjiào\") is a Vajrayana Buddhist religion practiced among the Bai people of Yunnan, China. The name comes from lay tantric priests called \"azhali\" (Sanskrit: \"acharyas\") who are key figures in the religion, known for their use of spells", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19683458", "score": "1.0606899", "original_retrieval_index": 80 }, { "title": "Islam in China", "text": ". The city also has a grave believed to be that of ibn Abi Waqqas (father of Sa'd ibn abi Waqqas). Islam was brought to China during the Tang dynasty by Arab traders, who were primarily concerned with trading and commerce. It was because of this low profile that the 845 anti-Buddhist edict during the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution said absolutely nothing about Islam. It seems that trade occupied the attention of the early Muslim settlers, coming and going between China and the West by the oversea or the overland routes. By the time of the Song Dynasty, Muslims had come", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3233305", "score": "1.0578313", "original_retrieval_index": 87 }, { "title": "Islam in China", "text": "Islam was named by the Tang and Song Chinese as \"Dashi fa\" (\"law of the Arabs\"). He renamed it to \"Huihui Jiao\" (\"the Religion of the Huihui\"). \"On the foothills of Mount Lingshan are the tombs of two of the four companions that Prophet Muhammad sent eastwards to preach Islam. Known as the \"Holy Tombs,\" they house the companions Sa-Ke-Zu and Wu-Ko-Shun—their Chinese names, of course. The other two companions went to Guangzhou and Yangzhou.\" The Imam Asim, also spelt Hashim, is said to have been one of the first Islamic missionaries in the region of China. He was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3233307", "score": "1.0576167", "original_retrieval_index": 88 }, { "title": "Religion in China", "text": "is the native and major religion among the Mongols of China, mostly residing in the region of Inner Mongolia. It is centred on the worship of the \"tngri\" (gods) and the highest \"Tenger\" (Heaven, God of Heaven, God) or \"Qormusta Tengri\". In Mongolian folk religion, Genghis Khan is considered one of the embodiments, if not the most important embodiment, of the Tenger. In worship, communities of lay believers are led by shamans (called \"böge\" if males, \"iduγan\" if females), who are intermediaries of the divine. Since the 1980s there has been an unprecedented development of Mongolian folk religion in Inner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2302957", "score": "1.0569739", "original_retrieval_index": 89 }, { "title": "Religion in Northeast China", "text": "region since the 1980s. Northeast China (Manchuria) has been a hotbed for salvationist sects of the folk religion mostly introduced from Shandong and Hebei. They developed greatly throughout the 20th century. The Yiguandao (一貫道 \"Consistent Way\") had a strong presence in the area, but were especially the Guiyidao (皈依道 \"Way of the Return to the One\") and the Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue (also called Shanrendao) to have millions of followers in northeastern China. The Holy Church of the Confucian Way (儒门圣教 \"Rúmén Shèngjiào\", also \"Confucian Gate Shengism\", 门 \"mén\" meaning figuratively a \"way\" as a \"gate[way]\")", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19030530", "score": "1.0565817", "original_retrieval_index": 90 }, { "title": "Early western influence in Fujian", "text": "donations for the Sufi congregation of the Shrine of Abu Es’hã q-e Kã zeruni in Kã zerun, Iran. During the period of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, China was open for trade and foreign intercourse of all kinds, including religious tolerance. The Jesuits were most successful in introducing Christianity, but the inroads made and the accumulated trust that might just have encouraged trade were lost when the Pope decided to undo a couple of hundred years of the work of his missionaries by countermanding their acceptance of ancestor respect (worship?). The Mongol empire fell and China officially closed its doors to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3447537", "score": "1.053998", "original_retrieval_index": 102 }, { "title": "Buddhism and the Roman world", "text": "the Indian subcontinent may have influenced philosophical currents of the time. Roman accounts centuries later speak of monks traveling to the middle east, and there is mention of an embassy sent by the Indian king Pandion, or Porus (possibly Pandya), to Caesar Augustus around 13 AD (see \"Pandion Embassy\" section above). Meanwhile, the Buddha's teachings had spread north-west, into Parthian territory. Buddhist stupa remains have been identified as distant as the Silk Road city of Merv. Soviet archeological teams in Giaur Kala, near Merv, have uncovered a Buddhist monastery, complete with huge buddharupa. Parthian nobles such as An Shih Kao", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6751666", "score": "1.051991", "original_retrieval_index": 106 } ]

[ "American rock band Eagles", "the American rock band Eagles", "Eagles" ]

[ { "title": "One of Those Nights (Bucks Fizz song)", "text": "for a former lover who has left him, despite him doing everything he could to please her. \"One of Those Nights\" was a change of pace for the group, after two upbeat singles, this one was more slow-paced and dramatic. Its lead vocal was performed by member Bobby G. Unlike their other releases, the group didn't record a Promotional Video for this single. A demo version of this song was released on the 2008 album, \"The Lost Masters 2 - The Final Cut\". One of Those Nights (Bucks Fizz song) \"One of Those Nights\" is a 1981 single by UK", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12091493", "score": "1.1970599", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "One of Those Nights (Tim McGraw song)", "text": "One of Those Nights (Tim McGraw song) \"One of Those Nights\" is a song written by Luke Laird, Rodney Clawson, and Chris Tompkins and recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released in November 2012 as the second single from his 2013 album \"Two Lanes of Freedom\" and his second one from Big Machine Records. Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" gave the song three stars out of five, writing that \"McGraw certainly sounds refreshed on this new song from a new record label partner, but much like songs late in his career with Curb, it feels", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16953235", "score": "1.1862576", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "One of These Nights (Red Velvet song)", "text": "One of These Nights (Red Velvet song) \"One of These Nights\" () is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Red Velvet. Composed by Hwang Chan-hee, Andreas Öberg, Maria Marcus and penned by Seo Ji-eum of Jam Factory, it was released as the lead single from their second extended play, \"The Velvet\", which is also the group's first major release to focus on the 'Velvet' half of their unique dual concept, as a follow-up to their last album, \"The Red\". \"One of These Nights\" is an R&B-Ballad inspired by the story of Jiknyeo and Gyeonwu, a folk tale conceived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20483572", "score": "1.1797323", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "One of Those Nights (Bucks Fizz song)", "text": "One of Those Nights (Bucks Fizz song) \"One of Those Nights\" is a 1981 single by UK pop group Bucks Fizz. Written by Steve Glen, Mike Burns and Dave Most, it was the group's third single and their third UK top 20 hit. The song was released in August 1981 and was the group's third single, following on from their win at the Eurovision Song Contest earlier in the year. The single reached No.20 in the UK Charts and remained in the top 75 for 10 weeks. \"One of Those Nights\" featured on the group's debut album, \"Bucks Fizz\", which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12091491", "score": "1.1621546", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "One of These Nights (Red Velvet song)", "text": "brash and bombastic\". The song was fairly successful domestically. It peaked at #10 on the Gaon Digital Chart and sold over 229,350 digital units within its first month of release. \"One of These Nights\" was the third most viewed K-pop music video in America and fifth worldwide for the month of March in 2016. The song's parent album \"The Velvet\" included three remixes of the song, which are the De-Capo version, the Joe Millionaire version and the piano version. One of These Nights (Red Velvet song) \"One of These Nights\" () is a song recorded by South Korean girl group", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20483583", "score": "1.1285177", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Some Nights (song)", "text": "van Jaarsveld performed a version live on Jacaranda FM in April 2013. In August 2012, five hundred students from the Irish language college Coláiste Lurgan along with members of Irish folk-pop group Seo Linn covered the song as Gaeilge on the YouTube channel TG Lurgan. The song also appeared on the covers compilation \"TG Lurgan 2014\" In 2016, the Irish folk and country singer Shane Owens recorded it as a single accompanied by a music video. Some Nights (song) \"Some Nights\" is a song by American indie pop band Fun. It was released on June 4, 2012, as the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16509220", "score": "1.1047186", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "One Summer Night", "text": "It first began gaining traction in New York. Unable to handle distributing the song, they leased the single to Mercury Records for a national release on June 12, 1958. The song became a hit once more for Mercury when their group the Diamonds covered the song in 1961. The Beach Boys released a partial cover of the song on their 1992 album \"Summer in Paradise\" as \"Slow Summer Dancin' (One Summer Night)\". Webb received a writing credit for the sample. Bruce Johnston sings the song and Al Jardine sings the chorus, which covers \"One Summer Night\". One Summer Night \"One", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19080270", "score": "1.0994496", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Some of These Days", "text": "attempts a lyric soprano rendition of \"Some of These Days\" in a Klondike café whose regular vocalist (Gilda Gray) upstages McDonald with an earthy performance of the song. \"Some of These Days\" was also featured in the 1939 release \"Only Angels Have Wings\" in which Jean Arthur plays the song on the piano in a cantina. Other soundtrack appearances of the song include: Some of These Days \"Some of These Days\" is a popular song, written and composed by Shelton Brooks, published in 1910, and associated with the performer Sophie Tucker. \"Some of These Days\" became a signature song for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10920545", "score": "1.0965892", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Southern Nights (song)", "text": "Southern Nights (song) \"Southern Nights\" is a song written and recorded by Allen Toussaint, from his 1975 album \"Southern Nights\", and later recorded by American country music singer Glen Campbell. It was the first single released from Campbell's 1977 album \"Southern Nights\" and reached No. 1 on three separate US charts. It was covered by the Chicago band Whitney in 2015. The lyrics of \"Southern Nights\" were inspired by childhood memories Allen Toussaint had of visiting relatives in the Louisiana backwoods, which often entailed storytelling under star-filled nighttime skies. When Campbell heard Toussaint's version, he immediately identified with the lyrics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10978592", "score": "1.0945946", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "One of These Nights (song)", "text": "\"One of These Nights\" is a song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey and recorded by the American rock band Eagles. The title track from their One of These Nights album, the song became their second single to top the Billboard Hot 100 chart after \"Best of My Love\" and also helped propel the album to number one. The single version was shortened from the album version of the song, removing most of the song's intro and most of its fade-out, as well. Henley is lead vocalist on the verses, while Randy Meisner sings high harmony (not lead) on", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love)", "text": "and Wes Farrell. \"It's One of Those Nights\" was very popular in Chicago, where it reached number seven on the WLS survey. It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love) \"It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love)\" is a song written by Tony Romeo and was recorded by The Partridge Family for their 1972 album, \"Shopping Bag\". The song went to number 2 on the Adult Contemporary chart and reached number 20 on The Billboard Hot 100 in 1972 . The song went to number 9 in Canada in January 1972, number 11 in the United Kingdom in February of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16109816", "score": "1.0940125", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "One of These Nights (song)", "text": "that they \"wanted 'One of These Nights' to have a lot of teeth, a lot of bite—a nasty track with pretty vocals.\" The writing was influence by R&B music and disco; according to Frey, he was listening to Spinners and Al Green records when he started writing the song. Frey started the writing process by composing the music, and Henley then started with the lyrics. Frey said: \"I just went over to the piano and I started playing this little minor descending progression, and he comes over and goes, 'One of these nights'.\" After that, Frey said: \"What usually happens", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8443022", "score": "1.0857015", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Nights on Broadway", "text": "Nights on Broadway \"Nights on Broadway\" is a song by the Bee Gees from the \"Main Course\" album released in 1975. The second single released from the album, it immediately followed their number-one hit \"Jive Talkin'\". This track was credited to Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. Recording this track started on 20 January 1975 and continued on 30 January, when they started to record songs for the album: \"Jive Talkin'\" (finished 2 February), \"Songbird\", \"Fanny (Be Tender with My Love)\" (finished 19 February), \"All This Making Love\" and \"Edge of the Universe\". Barry Gibb talked about \"Nights on Broadway\" on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5424441", "score": "1.083752", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "One Night (Elvis Presley song)", "text": "One Night (Elvis Presley song) \"One Night\" is a song written by Dave Bartholomew, Pearl King, and Anita Steinman. It was an R&B hit for Smiley Lewis in 1956, before being recorded with greater commercial success by Elvis Presley in 1959. The original recording of the song by Smiley Lewis, for Imperial Records, is sometimes titled \"One Night of Sin\", in line with the original lyrics. The single reached No.11 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart in early 1956. Presley recorded a version of the song with its original lyrics on January 18, 1957, but this version would not be released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9654255", "score": "1.083069", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Moscow Nights", "text": "in 2003 as the basis for one of his Soviet Love Songs for Vocalising Pianist, \"Evenings in Suburban Moscow.\" By his use, he was confirming the popularity of the song during the Communist era of China, a time when cultural exchanges between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China were particularly strong. A special piano version was used to accompany the ribbon routine of Russian rhythmic gymnast Evgeniya Kanaeva who became an Olympic champion at the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics. The Russian pop singer Vitas recorded a version of the song with his counter-tenor voice. He performed it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7460144", "score": "1.081921", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "One of These Nights (song)", "text": "is when we get the thing fused together, he gets involved in the music and I get involved in the lyrics.\" While they were recording the album in Miami, the band also shared a studio with the Bee Gees, and according to Henley, the \"four-on-the-floor\" bass-drum pattern is a nod to disco. In the liner notes of \"The Very Best Of\", Frey had this to say about the song: Frey also said that the song is about putting things off. \"We've all said, 'One of these nights I'm gonna do something -- get that girl, make that money, find that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8443023", "score": "1.079247", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "One of Those Nights (Tim McGraw song)", "text": "Nights\" debuted at number 29 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of November 17, 2012. It also debuted at number 96 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for the week of December 15, 2012. It also debuted at number 77 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart for the week of November 17, 2012. On the chart dated March 9, 2013, it became McGraw's first number one since \"Felt Good on My Lips\" in January 2011. One of Those Nights (Tim McGraw song) \"One of Those Nights\" is a song written by Luke Laird, Rodney", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16953237", "score": "1.0781784", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Some of These Days", "text": "Some of These Days \"Some of These Days\" is a popular song, written and composed by Shelton Brooks, published in 1910, and associated with the performer Sophie Tucker. \"Some of These Days\" became a signature song for Sophie Tucker, who made the first of her several recordings of it in 1911. Ted Lewis and his band backed Tucker on her classic, million-selling 1926 recording, which stayed in the #1 position on the charts for five weeks beginning November 23, 1926, and re-affirmed her lasting association with the song. The song has been recorded by many other artists, including Ethel Waters,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10920542", "score": "1.0761083", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Another Saturday Night", "text": "and Clifford Hills on bass. In 1974, Cat Stevens recorded a version of the song which peaked at No. 6 on the U.S. Hot 100, No. 13 Easy Listening, No. 1 in Canada twice, on September 28 and October 19, separated by two other No. 1s, and No. 19 in Stevens' UK homeland. Another Saturday Night \"Another Saturday Night\" is the title of a 1963 hit single by Sam Cooke from the album \"Ain't That Good News\". It reached No. 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was No. 1 on the R&B chart for a single week. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9958543", "score": "1.0718926", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Bucks Fizz", "text": "the self-titled album also became a top 20 hit in the UK charts as did their third single, \"One of Those Nights\". In November 1981, they performed for the UK at the World Popular Song Festival in Tokyo, where they achieved the \"Best song award\" and fifth place overall with their song \"Another Night\". The song was released as a single there and went on to be included on their second album. In late 1981, Andy Hill with former King Crimson member Peter Sinfield came up with the fourth Bucks Fizz single. Titled \"The Land of Make Believe\", the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4887212", "score": "1.0677259", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "One of Those Nights (Juicy J song)", "text": "One of Those Nights (Juicy J song) \"One of Those Nights\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Juicy J. It was released on March 11, 2013, intended as the third official single from his third solo studio album \"Stay Trippy\" but it was subsequently removed from the final track list (appearing in the later released deluxe edition). The song features a guest appearance from Canadian singer The Weeknd, who co-produced it with Danny Boy Styles. On February 16, 2013, it was announced that the third single from his album \"Stay Trippy\" was to be \"One Of Those", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17389049", "score": "1.0652632", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "One More Saturday Night (song)", "text": "song. Basketball player and Deadhead Bill Walton's 2000s Sirius satellite radio show is named after the song. The \"Ace\" version song was issued as a single, credited to \"The Grateful Dead with Bobby Ace\", to promote the band's 1972 European tour. The single did not chart. One More Saturday Night (song) \"One More Saturday Night\" is a song written by Bob Weir and performed by the Grateful Dead, of which he was a member. The song had been performed in concert by the Grateful Dead starting in 1971, but it first appeared on record on Weir's debut solo album \"Ace\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7335031", "score": "1.063191", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "One of Those Nights (Tim McGraw song)", "text": "like an attempt is made to make every moment a huge moment.\" Matt Bjorke of \"Roughstock\" gave the song four stars out of five, calling it \"a sweet little song with one of McGraw's most engaging vocals and a well-produced backing track.\" Ben Foster of \"Country Universe\" gave the song a C grade, saying that \"a better hook could have compensated to some extent for the generally uninspiring lyrical content, but the way it is, there’s precious little for the listener to grab onto.\" The music video was directed by Sherman Halsey and premiered in December 2012. \"One of Those", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16953236", "score": "1.0617324", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Some Nights (song)", "text": "as well in late 2012 on BBC Radio in the \"Live Lounge\". The song was covered by the New Directions glee club in the \"Dynamic Duets\" episode of \"Glee\". On April 25, 2013, teen actress and musician Victoria Justice (of Nickelodeon's \"Victorious\") posted a softer acoustic rendition of \"Some Nights\". A cappella group Straight No Chaser released a mashup of this song and \"We Are Young\" for their 2013 album \"Under the Influence\". The song was covered The Band Perry in concert from Jackson MI \"We Are Pioneers World Tour\" 2013 with mashup \"Night Gone Wasted\" South African singer Bobby", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16509219", "score": "1.0616676", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Some of These Days", "text": "Louis Armstrong, Andrew Bird, Coco Briaval, Elkie Brooks, Cab Calloway, Bing Crosby, Bobby Darin, Ella Fitzgerald, Judy Garland, Matt Forbes, The Hot Sardines, Susan Maughan, The McGuire Sisters, the Original Dixieland Jass Band, Sue Raney, Serena Ryder, Sidney Bechet , and recently by Erica Lewis with the band Tuba Skinny. \"Some of These Days\" made the first of many movie soundtrack appearances in \"Lights of New York\" (1928), the first \"all talking\" motion picture, being one of several songs played by the house band of the nightclub where the film is set. Sophie Tucker herself sang \"Some of These Days\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10920543", "score": "1.0614264", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Happy Days and Lonely Nights", "text": "Go Lover\" was at #5. That week Murray's single \"If Anyone Finds, This I Love You\" (with Ann Warren) debuted at #17. Murray's feat has yet to be beaten but was equaled the first week of July 2009 by Michael Jackson. Happy Days and Lonely Nights \"Happy Days and Lonely Nights\" is a torch song written by Billy Rose and Fred Fisher, which Ruth Etting introduced in 1928. The song was successfully revived in the 1950s in the US by the Fontane Sisters and in the UK most successfully by Ruby Murray. Ruth Etting made her recording of the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13691182", "score": "1.0591879", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Sudbury Saturday Night", "text": "Night\" was covered by Canadian musician Kim Mitchell in 1998 on the compilation \"Summer Dock Party\". Sudbury Saturday Night \"Sudbury Saturday Night\" is one of the most famous songs by Stompin' Tom Connors, which depicts the hard-drinking, hard-partying social life of hard rock miners in the Northern Ontario mining city of Sudbury. The song's chorus is: Originally released on Connors' 1967 debut album \"The Northlands' Own Tom Connors\", the song also reappeared on his 1972 album \"Bud the Spud\", his live album \"Live at the Horseshoe\", the compilations \"A Proud Canadian\" and \"25 of the Best Stompin' Tom Souvenirs\", and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8850213", "score": "1.058778", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "One More Saturday Night (song)", "text": "One More Saturday Night (song) \"One More Saturday Night\" is a song written by Bob Weir and performed by the Grateful Dead, of which he was a member. The song had been performed in concert by the Grateful Dead starting in 1971, but it first appeared on record on Weir's debut solo album \"Ace\" in 1972. It subsequently appeared on several Grateful Dead live albums. Weir is credited with writing \"One More Saturday Night\", although there is evidence that the song was originally written with Robert Hunter, with different lyrics. Weir wanted to call his version \"US Blues\", but Hunter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7335028", "score": "1.0578138", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "One Summer Night", "text": "One Summer Night \"One Summer Night\" is a song by American doo-wop group the Danleers. Their one big hit single (and their debut single), \"One Summer Night\" reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Black Singles chart, and number seven on the Best Selling Pop Singles in Stores chart in 1958. The single sold over one million copies. The song was written by the' manager and main songwriter, Danny Webb, and was recorded during their first recording session. The song was first released on the AMP 3 label in May 1958 (erroneously listed as \"the Dandleers\"), quickly becoming a regional hit.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19080269", "score": "1.0571765", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "One of Those Nights (Bucks Fizz song)", "text": "was released two weeks earlier. In the US and Canada, the song was included on their debut release there in 1982. \"The Montreal Gazette\" singled this song out for praise calling it \"stunning\" and commended its use of \"full four-part harmony as its main theme\". In 2015 Music-News.com said that it was \"classy\". David Van Day of the pop duo, Dollar stated that they were offered the song some months earlier, but declined it. In a curious twist, Dollar were at No.19, while this song was at No.20 in the charts. The song centres around a man who is pining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12091492", "score": "1.0536815", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "international units", "United States customary units" ]

[ { "title": "Metric system", "text": "decimal prefixes has been extended to those for 10, \"yotta\", and 10, \"yocto\", which are unfamiliar because nothing in our everyday lives is that big or that small. The International System of Units has been adopted as the official system of weights and measures by all nations in the world except for Myanmar, Liberia, and the United States, while the United States is the only industrialised country where the metric system is not the predominant system of units. A number of variants of the metric system evolved, all using the \"Mètre des Archives\" and \"Kilogramme des Archives\" (or their descendants)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "545752", "score": "1.0578479", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Metrication", "text": "but are still in the process toward full conversion. In the United Kingdom the metric system is the official system for most regulated trading by weight or measure purposes, but some imperial units remain the primary official unit of measurement. the UK has only partially metricated. According to the US Central Intelligence Agency's online \"The World Factbook\" (2016), the metric system has not been adopted by Myanmar (also known as Burma), Liberia or the US. The United States (and its associated states; the Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau)) officially use US customary units as does Liberia. Myanmar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "277832", "score": "1.0412649", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Imperial and US customary measurement systems", "text": "official system of units in the United Kingdom, while the customary units are still predominantly used in the United States\". The situation is however not as clear-cut as this. In the United States, for example, the metric system is the predominant system of measure in certain fields such as automobile manufacture even though customary units are used in aircraft manufacture. In the United Kingdom, metric units are required for almost all regulated use of units of measure except for a few specifically exempt areas such as road signs, speedometers and draught beer. The NIST statement is also incomplete as it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17418068", "score": "1.0224032", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "System of measurement", "text": "use of Imperial weights and measures, despite \"de jure\" Canadian conversion to metric. A number of other jurisdictions have laws mandating or permitting other systems of measurement in some or all contexts, such as the United Kingdom – whose road signage legislation, for instance, only allows distance signs displaying imperial units (miles or yards) – or Hong Kong. In the United States, metric units are used almost universally in science, widely in the military, and partially in industry, but customary units predominate in household use. At retail stores, the liter is a commonly used unit for volume, especially on bottles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4220688", "score": "1.0104077", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Metrication in Canada", "text": "metric units are often given precedence, although actual metric units may still be different than the United States (for example, for measurements of blood cholesterol, the units are millimole per litre, whereas they are milligram per decilitre in the United States). Most physicians chart patient height and weight in imperial units, and while most growth charts display both systems of measurement, the majority of hospitals officially document such parameters in metric. Dieticians still use kilocalories, and doctors use millimetres of mercury. While these units are metric derivatives, they are not metric units. Because most fasteners, machine parts, pumps, piping, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6072950", "score": "1.010247", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "United States customary units", "text": "is most evident in U.S. labeling requirements on food products, where SI units are almost always presented alongside customary units. According to the CIA Factbook, the United States is one of three nations (along with Liberia and Burma) that have not adopted the metric system as their official system of weights and measures. U.S. customary units are widely used on consumer products and in industrial manufacturing. Metric units are standard in science, medicine, as well as many sectors of industry and government, including the military. There are anecdotal objections to the use of metric units in carpentry and the building", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "442081", "score": "1.0052931", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Metrication", "text": "time, the metric system has influenced the United States through international trade and standardisation. The use of the metric system was made legal as a system of measurement in 1866 and the United States was a founding member of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in 1875. The system was officially adopted by the federal government in 1975 for use in the military and government agencies, and as preferred system for trade and commerce. It has remained voluntary for federal and state road signage to use metric units, despite attempts in the 1990s to make it a requirement. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "277891", "score": "1.0016465", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Metrication in the United States", "text": "(equivalent to 914.4 m), depth as \"feet\", and velocity, in some cases, as \"feet per second\". The Navy and Air Force continue to measure distance in nautical miles and speed in knots; these units are now accepted for use with SI by the BIPM. Furthermore, in military aviation NATO countries use feet for flight heights, as they do in the civilian aviation. Illegal drugs and controlled substances are often measured in metric quantities. The federal law prohibiting them defines the penalties in metric masses. In everyday use within its subculture, marijuana is sold using a combination of metric and American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3084493", "score": "0.9973841", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "U.S. Metric Association", "text": "and bushel in terms of metric units. The Metric Conversion Act of 1975 started a voluntary metrication process in the US and, as amended by the Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, declared the metric system to be “the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce”. The US Metric Association (USMA) advocates completion of the ongoing US conversion to the metric system, officially known as the International System of Units (SI). In support of this mission, the USMA provides a public medium for information and discussion, reports of metrication within the US, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3715428", "score": "0.99404407", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "United States customary units", "text": "and pound agreement of 1959. Americans primarily use customary units in commercial activities, as well as for personal and social use. In science, medicine, many sectors of industry and some of government and military, metric units are used. The International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system, is preferred for many uses by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For newer units of measure where there is no traditional customary unit, international units are used, sometimes mixed with customary units, such as electrical resistance of wire expressed in ohms (SI) per thousand feet.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Metrication in the United States", "text": "Metrication in the United States Metrication (or metrification) is the process of introducing the International System of Units, also known as SI units or the metric system, to replace a jurisdiction's traditional measuring units. Although all U.S. customary units have been redefined in terms of SI units, as of 2018 the United States is one of only seven countries, including Myanmar (Burma), Liberia, Palau, the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and Samoa that have not officially adopted the metric system as the primary means of weights and measures. The United States has official legislation for metrication; however, conversion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3084446", "score": "0.9931129", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Traffic sign", "text": "signs generally follow the measurement system in use locally: that is to say, the metric system in all countries of the world except Burma, Liberia, the United Kingdom, and the United States – although the metric system is used in the UK for all purposes other than the display of road distances and the defining of speed limits, and in the US the Federal Department of Transportation has developed (very rarely used) metric standards for all signs. Where signs use a language, the recognized language/s of the area is normally used. Signs in most of the US, Canada, Australia, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1897051", "score": "0.9915781", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Metrication", "text": "lessons involving measuring wood or other materials for manufacturing. In the United Kingdom, degrees Fahrenheit are seldom encountered (except when some people talk about hot summer weather), while other metric units are often used in conjunction with older measurements, and road signs use miles rather than kilometres. Another example is \"hard\" and \"soft\" metric. Canada converted liquid dairy products to litre, 500 mL, and 250 mL sizes, which caused some complaining at the time of the conversion, as a litre of milk is slightly over 35 imperial fluid ounces, while the former imperial quart used in Canada was 40 ounces.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "277885", "score": "0.9855049", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Metric Marvels", "text": "to convert to the metric system of measurement. (The United States uses the U.S. Customary system, and not metric measurements.) Ford's presidential successor, Jimmy Carter, began to implement this law in earnest, helping to set up the U.S. Metric Board as a task force to determine when and how the U.S. would convert to metric. The USMB suggested that the transition ought to be voluntary and gradual, taking place over at least a ten-year period. As part of this gradual transition, the USMB sponsored a number of public service announcements on radio and television. \"The Metric Marvels\" was one such", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7587592", "score": "0.97620404", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "U.S. Metric Association", "text": "also known as the Metre Convention (Convention du Mètre) of 1875 was signed by 17 countries, including the US, making the metric system the international system of weights and measures. Note that this was a meeting of international states to facilitate commerce. This treaty, then, falls under the overview of the United States Department of State, which has devolved oversight to the United States Department of Commerce. The Mendenhall Order of 1893 scrapped the previously used standards and definitions for the yard, pound, gallon, and bushel. It adopted the standards of the metric system and redefined the yard, pound, gallon,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3715427", "score": "0.97328776", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Metrication", "text": "Netherlands abandoned the mesures usuelles in favour of the \"Dutch\" metric system (\"Nederlands metrisch stelsel\") in which metric units were simply given the names of units of measure that were then in use. Examples include the \"ons\" (ounce) which was defined as being 100 g. In August 1814, Portugal officially adopted the metric system but with the names of the units substituted by Portuguese traditional ones. In this system the basic units were the \"mão-travessa\" (hand) = 1 decimetre (10 \"mão-travessas\" = 1 \"vara\" (yard) = 1 metre), the \"canada\" = 1 liter and the \"libra\" (pound) = 1 kilogram.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "277857", "score": "0.97117364", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Metrication in the United States", "text": "The Olympic-size swimming pool is specified solely in meters. High schools and the NCAA conduct 25-yard competitions. USA Swimming (USA-S) swims in both metric and non-metric pools. In the game of Ultimate Frisbee, the 175 g flying disc is seen as a standard of the sport. The long-distance trail Mid State Trail has used metric units exclusively in its trail guide since 1973. USA Weightlifting uses metric units to measure weight. Highway speed limits are posted in miles per hour and distances are largely displayed in miles, yards, or feet, although a few dual mile/km signs can be found, mostly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3084512", "score": "0.9676439", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Metric system", "text": "Metric system The metric system is an internationally recognised decimalised system of measurement. It is in widespread use, and where it is adopted, it is the only or most common system of weights and measures (see metrication). It is now known as the International System of Units (SI). It is used to measure everyday things such as the mass of a sack of flour, the height of a person, the speed of a car, and the volume of fuel in its tank. It is also used in science, industry and trade. In its modern form, it consists of a set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "545724", "score": "0.9675435", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Metrication", "text": "announced that (to appease British public opinion and to facilitate trade with the United States) it was to abandon the requirement for metric-only labelling on packaged goods, and to allow dual metric–imperial marking to continue indefinitely. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada have some active opposition to metrication, particularly where updated weights and measures laws would make obsolete historic systems of measurement. Other countries, like France and Japan, that once had significant popular opposition to metrication now have complete acceptance of metrication. The Roman empire used the \"pes\" (foot) measure. This was divided into 12 \"unciae\" (\"inches\"). The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "277835", "score": "0.96640253", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "United States customary units", "text": "and the kilogram with the Mendenhall Order of 1893 and, in practice, for many years before. These definitions were refined by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959. Americans primarily use customary units in commercial activities, as well as for personal and social use. In science, medicine, many sectors of industry, and some of government and military, metric units are used. The International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system, is preferred for many uses by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For newer units of measure where there is no traditional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "442078", "score": "0.96618617", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Canadian English", "text": "\"3L\". Canadian students use the term \"marks\" (more common in England) or \"grades\" (more common in the US) to refer to their results; usage is very mixed. Unlike in the United States, use of metric units within a majority of industries (but not all) is standard in Canada, as a result of the national adoption of the metric system during the mid-to-late 1970s; this has spawned some colloquial usages such as \"klick\" for kilometre (as also heard in the U.S. military). Nonetheless, Imperial units are still used in many situations. For example, English Canadians state their weight and height in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "78877", "score": "0.9661757", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Metrication in India", "text": "and lakhs are used, while tyre rim diameters are still measured in inches, as used worldwide. Road widths are popularly measured in feet but official documents use metres. Body temperature is still sometimes measured in degrees Fahrenheit. Industries like the construction and the real estate industry still use both the metric and the Imperial system, though it is more common for sizes of homes to be given in square feet and land in acres. Bulk cotton is sold by the \"candy\" (0.35 imperial tons, or 355.62 kg) or the \"bale\" (170 kg). Fruits are sold by kilos or dozens. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6345123", "score": "0.96433794", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "System of measurement", "text": "applications. US customary units, however, are still the main system of measurement in the United States. While some steps towards metrication have been made (mainly in the late 1960s and early 1970s), the customary units have a strong hold due to the vast industrial infrastructure and commercial development. While imperial and US customary systems are closely related, there are a number of differences between them. Units of length and area (the inch, foot, yard, mile etc.) are identical except for surveying purposes. The Avoirdupois units of mass and weight differ for units larger than a pound (lb). The imperial system", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4220693", "score": "0.9635902", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems", "text": "metre, as 1852 metres. Traditionally, both Britain and the US used three different weight systems: troy weight for precious metals, avoirdupois weight for most other purposes and apothecaries' weight for medicines. However, apothecaries' weight has now been superseded by the metric system. One important difference is the widespread use in Britain of the stone of 14 pounds () for body weight. This unit is not used in the United States, although its influence was seen in the practice, until World War II, of selling flour by a barrel of 196 pounds (14 stone). Another difference arose when Britain abolished the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6569131", "score": "0.9635206", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Measurement", "text": "to give just a few examples. Imperial units are used in many other places, for example, in many Commonwealth countries that are considered metricated, land area is measured in acres and floor space in square feet, particularly for commercial transactions (rather than government statistics). Similarly, gasoline is sold by the gallon in many countries that are considered metricated. The metric system is a decimal system of measurement based on its units for length, the metre and for mass, the kilogram. It exists in several variations, with different choices of base units, though these do not affect its day-to-day use. Since", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "252315", "score": "0.96195525", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Metrication in the United States", "text": "has caused writers to speculate in fiction set in the future about the adoption of the metric system. Many authors have assumed that the United States and the human race in general will use metric units; however, others have assumed the continued use of U.S. customary units or have neglected to take metrication into account. Writers sometimes use customary units simply because American readers and watchers will understand the measurements; other times, they are simply used by accident. The 1966 show \"\", for instance, initially used U.S. customary units despite multiple Earth national origins and a setting in the 23rd", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3084523", "score": "0.9612308", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Metrication in the United States", "text": "mL after pressure from the European Union. Most students are given some level of introduction to the metric system in elementary, middle, and high school, but the emphasis varies. Instruction primarily centers on the concepts of powers of 10, the associated prefixes, and the conversion from one prefix form to another. Units of length, volume, and mass are typically introduced through comparison with ordinary objects. The metric system is not reinforced much outside the classroom due to lack of popular metric use. Consequently, while students may understand some of the concepts underlying the metric system, they do not necessarily have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3084483", "score": "0.9584019", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "System of measurement", "text": "of beverages, and milligrams, rather than grains, are used for medications. Some other standard non-SI units are still in international use, such as nautical miles and knots in aviation and shipping. Metric systems of units have evolved since the adoption of the first well-defined system in France in 1795. During this evolution the use of these systems has spread throughout the world, first to non-English-speaking countries, and then to English speaking countries. Multiples and submultiples of metric units are related by powers of ten and their names are formed with prefixes. This relationship is compatible with the decimal system of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4220689", "score": "0.95817053", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "U.S. Metric Association", "text": "history of the use of metric units in the US, a related bibliography including relevant laws, an answer source for industrial inquiries, a cadre of people knowledgeable about the metric system, training aids and supplies for educators and the public, a certification program that has been used in industry, and various citations and awards for those supporting this mission. The USMA is in cooperative communication with various state and federal governments, both legislative and executive, and with various industrial and professional societies, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), many of whom are involved in standards development.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3715429", "score": "0.9570083", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Unit of measurement", "text": "former British Empire. US customary units are still the main system of measurement used in the United States despite Congress having legally authorised metric measure on 28 July 1866. Some steps towards US metrication have been made, particularly the redefinition of basic US and imperial units to derive exactly from SI units. Since the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 the US and imperial inch is now defined as exactly , and the US and imperial avoirdupois pound is now defined as exactly . While the above systems of units are based on arbitrary unit values, formalised as standards,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12981657", "score": "0.95491105", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "English rock band the Outfield" ]

[ { "title": "Just for Tonight (Vanessa Williams song)", "text": "Just for Tonight (Vanessa Williams song) \"Just For Tonight\" is the fourth single from Vanessa Williams' second studio album, \"The Comfort Zone\" (1991). The song was slightly remixed for the single and reached No. 2 on the US Adult Contemporary Charts. The single's B-side is \"Whatever Happens\", a song from her 1988 debut album \"The Right Stuff\", while the CD single contains the previously unreleased song \"Love Like This\", which was later also to be included on the compilation album \"Love Songs\" (2004). The song tells about a woman who wants to share one more night with her lover before", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16171853", "score": "1.003703", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Just for Tonight (Vanessa Williams song)", "text": "their relationship ends. Just for Tonight (Vanessa Williams song) \"Just For Tonight\" is the fourth single from Vanessa Williams' second studio album, \"The Comfort Zone\" (1991). The song was slightly remixed for the single and reached No. 2 on the US Adult Contemporary Charts. The single's B-side is \"Whatever Happens\", a song from her 1988 debut album \"The Right Stuff\", while the CD single contains the previously unreleased song \"Love Like This\", which was later also to be included on the compilation album \"Love Songs\" (2004). The song tells about a woman who wants to share one more night with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16171854", "score": "0.99941564", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Tonight I Wanna Cry", "text": "Tonight I Wanna Cry \"Tonight I Wanna Cry\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in November 2005 as the fifth and final single from his 2004 album \"Be Here\". The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. Urban wrote this song with Monty Powell. The accompanying music video for this song was directed by Chris Hicky and premiered in early 2006. The song was later sung by Ace Young on \"American Idol\" on 4 April 2006, which was designated a country music theme. Chad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8053333", "score": "0.99501467", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Just for Tonight (One Night Only song)", "text": "For Tonight\" during the closing sequences of its daily TV program \"Studio Sportzomer\" when the highlights of the games of that day were shown. At the last show of Studio Sportzomer, One Night Only played Just For Tonight live in the studio. The song was used as the music during Ford Super Sunday on Sky Sports during the 2007-08 Premier League season. The song was used at the opening theme tune to E4 Drama Nearly Famous. The song is playable in Rock Band. Just for Tonight (One Night Only song) \"Just for Tonight\" is a song by One Night Only,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11331822", "score": "0.98343277", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Tonight I Wanna Cry", "text": "42 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of 3 December 2005. Tonight I Wanna Cry \"Tonight I Wanna Cry\" is a song co-written and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban. It was released in November 2005 as the fifth and final single from his 2004 album \"Be Here\". The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. Urban wrote this song with Monty Powell. The accompanying music video for this song was directed by Chris Hicky and premiered in early 2006. The song was later sung by Ace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8053335", "score": "0.9800536", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "I Need Your Love Tonight", "text": "I Need Your Love Tonight \"I Need Your Love Tonight\" is a song written by Sid Wayne and Bix Reichner and recorded by Elvis Presley on June 10, 1958, in RCA Studios, Nashville, Tennessee. It was the second of several single releases recorded at a final session conducted just prior to Presley leaving the US for Germany to serve in the United States Army; he would not return to a recording studio until the spring of 1960. The song reached number four on the \"Billboard\" pop singles chart in 1959. Released as a double A-side with \"A Fool Such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14273724", "score": "0.97228646", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Tonight (1956 song)", "text": "is notable for its prominent perfect fourth intervals, and a theme that starts on a pentatonic scale but develops into a western key. Gloria Gaynor released a disco version in 1980. Jenna Ushkowitz sang the song on \"Glee\", on the episode \"Preggers\". Tonight was featured again in the fifth episode of the third season of the show, \"The First Time,\" this time sung by Lea Michele and Darren Criss. Billy Eckstine recorded the song in 1961 with Hal Mooney And His Orchestra. Gloria Estefan recorded the song with Dave Grusin from the album \"Dave Grusin Presents West Side Story\" (1997).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9062182", "score": "0.95650536", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Someone Somewhere Tonight", "text": "Someone Somewhere Tonight \"Someone Somewhere Tonight\" is a song first recorded by Walt Wilkins on his record Mustang Island, and later by American country pop artist Kenny Rogers for his 2006 album, \"Water & Bridges\". The song was later covered by Pam Tillis for her 2007 album, \"RhineStoned\". In 2013, the song was recorded by Kellie Pickler and was released as the first single from her fourth studio album, \"The Woman I Am\". Pickler's version peaked at number 49 on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart in 2013. The song's lyrics contemplate what different things people in the world are experiencing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17467395", "score": "0.9530182", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Just for Tonight (One Night Only song)", "text": "Just for Tonight (One Night Only song) \"Just for Tonight\" is a song by One Night Only, from their 2008 album \"Started a Fire\". It reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart in February 2008 and #4 in the Dutch Top 40. UK CD single 7\" vinyl Following on from their successful video for the debut single, You and Me, which was shot in their native Helmsley, the band kept faith with North Yorkshire locations and shot the video for Just For Tonight in various locations in Scarborough. During the Euro 2008 football tournament, Dutch public broadcaster NOS used \"Just", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11331821", "score": "0.9504683", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Your Love (The Outfield song)", "text": "\"Your Love\" is a song by the English rock band the Outfield, taken from their debut album Play Deep (1985). The song was penned by the band's guitarist John Spinks.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Just Tonight", "text": "Just Tonight \"Just Tonight\" is a song by American rock band The Pretty Reckless from their debut studio album, \"Light Me Up\" (2010). Band members Taylor Momsen and Ben Phillips co-wrote the song with its producer, Kato Khandwala. It was released on December 23, 2010, as the third and final single from the album. The release date for the single was originally announced as November 9, 2010 before being pushed back to December 13. The release date was pushed back again to December 26, when it was released as a digital download. \"Just Tonight\" received mostly positive reviews from critics.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15039699", "score": "0.94671535", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "You're All I've Got Tonight", "text": "G and A major chords, with the vocal harmonies on the G featuring the major seventh, F♯. The G to A progression leads back to the A - A♯ - B riff of the next verse. Over the B power chord, lead guitarist Elliot Easton plays a trill between the notes D and D♯, respectively the minor and major thirds of the B chord, which reinforces the ambivalence of the song's key. During the second and third verses, a call and response effect is created between Ric Ocasek's vocals and Easton's lead guitar fills. (Both of which are, increasingly, derived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13286350", "score": "0.94393384", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "I Look to You", "text": "Know My Own Strength\", \"Like I Never Left\" (featuring Akon), \"For the Lovers\", \"I Look to You\", \"Worth It,\" and a cover of Leon Russell's \"A Song for You\". \"Call You Tonight\" (produced by Johntá Austin) was also played and cited as a likely lead single. Davis pointed out that, \"We didn't try to fit Whitney into the market.\" On July 21, 2009, Houston hosted a listening party with Davis in New York City. Amongst those in attendance were Alicia Keys, Diane Sawyer, Martha Stewart and Vivica A. Fox. The album preview triggered a standing ovation, and the song \"Million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13379349", "score": "0.9373666", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "I Look to You (song)", "text": "reported that another song titled \"I Didn't Know My Own Strength\" penned by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster would be released as the lead single. However, on July 14, 21 and 23 Houston held 3 pre-release album listening parties in which 9 of the 11 songs where previewed, \"Call You Tonight\" was described as a possible lead single by mentor Clive Davis. Swizz Beatz producer of the song \"Million Dollar Bill\" (written by Alicia Keys) said that his record was definitely a potential comeback record and with critical acclaim at all three parties it was widely expected that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13629756", "score": "0.9372128", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Someone Somewhere Tonight", "text": "chart in its eighth week. Someone Somewhere Tonight \"Someone Somewhere Tonight\" is a song first recorded by Walt Wilkins on his record Mustang Island, and later by American country pop artist Kenny Rogers for his 2006 album, \"Water & Bridges\". The song was later covered by Pam Tillis for her 2007 album, \"RhineStoned\". In 2013, the song was recorded by Kellie Pickler and was released as the first single from her fourth studio album, \"The Woman I Am\". Pickler's version peaked at number 49 on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart in 2013. The song's lyrics contemplate what different things people", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17467401", "score": "0.9343715", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "I'd Really Love to See You Tonight", "text": "acoustic country music style. I'd Really Love to See You Tonight \"I'd Really Love to See You Tonight\" is a song written by Parker McGee and was a hit by England Dan & John Ford Coley from their 1976 album \"Nights Are Forever\". It eventually peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for two weeks, behind Wild Cherry's \"Play That Funky Music\" and #1 on the Easy Listening chart. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the #21 song for 1976. It reached #26 in the official UK chart. Dan Seals, the \"England Dan\" half of the duo, re-recorded the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11574246", "score": "0.93343365", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Tonight You Belong to Me", "text": "(backed with \"Goodnight My Love\") produced by Brian Wilson in 1969. Gavin Castleton and Lex Land covered the song for a 2013 Valentine's Day single. It was also recorded by country music singer Dottie West in 1977, and was released as a single to the Country charts that year, reaching #30 on the Hot Country Songs list in 1977. It was put on her 1977 album \"When It's Just You and Me\". It was also performed by Steve Martin and Bernadette Peters in the 1979 movie \"The Jerk\". Jazz ukulele player Lyle Ritz actually played the ukulele accompaniment for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5687154", "score": "0.93186307", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "I Need You Tonight (Professor Green song)", "text": "I Need You Tonight (Professor Green song) \"I Need You Tonight\" is a song by British rapper and singer Professor Green, featuring vocals from British singer-songwriter Ed Drewett and produced by The ThundaCatz. The song samples \"Need You Tonight\", originally written and performed by Australian rock band INXS. The song was released as the lead single from his debut album \"Alive Till I'm Dead\" on 9 April 2010 as a digital download and was released physically as a CD single the following day. It reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. Having been predicted to debut on the UK", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11209264", "score": "0.929762", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tonight (Seether song)", "text": "one morning I woke up before dawn, in a really good mood, and completely changed the lyrics to positive lyrics. It just started coming together. Later that day in the studio, I asked Brendan to check it out. We only had two days left in the studio, but Brendan said, 'We've got to record that song right now.' I think it captures and summarizes the hopeful sentiment of the album.\" Dale Stewart then says that \"'Tonight' is almost nostalgic, yet optimistic sounding. It's a really strong song and I'm excited for it to possibly go to radio. I think it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15886264", "score": "0.9295646", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "My Song for You (film)", "text": "My Song for You (film) My Song for You is a 1934 film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Jan Kiepura. Kiepura sang the title song \"My Song for You\" written by Mischa Spoliansky and Frank Eyton. The song was released on an EP \"Tell Me Tonight\" (also a song by Spoliansky and Eyton) in 1957. Arriving in Venice for a production of \"Aida\", young tenor Ricardo Gatti meets the attractive Mary, who has sneaked into the opera house in an attempt to get her fiance hired as a pianist. Ricardo invites Mary to tea and she tells her story,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18894103", "score": "0.92819464", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Tonight I Could Fall in Love", "text": "Tonight I Could Fall in Love \"Tonight I Could Fall in Love\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Suzi Quatro, released as a non-album single in 1985. \"Tonight I Could Fall in Love\" was written by Richard Gower and was produced by English producer Mickie Most, the owner of RAK Records. It was Quatro's only 1985 release, which failed to enter the UK Top 100, although it did peak at #140 in the UK. Following the limited success of the 1982 album \"Main Attraction\", Quatro found herself without a label. During 1984, Quatro returned to London to record a new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17448471", "score": "0.92656326", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Just Tonight", "text": "is all the better for it.\" OddOne of Unreality Shout rated the song four-and-a-half out of five stars, calling it \"just brilliant—there's hooks, emotion, thought-provoking lyrics, all topped off with a monstrous chorus that brings plenty of teenaged angst to proceedings\". In a less enthusiastic review, Rebecca Nicholson of \"The Guardian\" felt that the song \"sounds like Evanescence doing a song for the sole reason of soundtracking an emotional scene on \"Grey's Anatomy\"\". In the United Kingdom, the band performed \"Just Tonight\" on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge and on \"Live from Studio Five\" on December 11, 2010. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15039701", "score": "0.9241605", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tonight I Could Fall in Love", "text": "album closes with the wonderful ballad, \"Tonight I Could Fall in Love\". Too late, we just did.\"\" For the song's b-side, she stated \"\"Good Girl (Looking For a Bad Time) features Tuckey's swashbuckling lead and Suzi's saucy, school-of-hard-knocks attitude.\"\" Tonight I Could Fall in Love \"Tonight I Could Fall in Love\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Suzi Quatro, released as a non-album single in 1985. \"Tonight I Could Fall in Love\" was written by Richard Gower and was produced by English producer Mickie Most, the owner of RAK Records. It was Quatro's only 1985 release, which failed to enter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17448477", "score": "0.9233903", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Just Drive", "text": "also featured on the end credits in the \"F1 2012\" video game. Just Drive \"Just Drive\" is a song recorded by British singer/songwriter Alistair Griffin. It is his first official single since \"You and Me (Tonight)\" in 2004. It was released as a single in November 2010. The song was used by the BBC at the end of their coverage of the 2010 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, in a montage showing highlights of the Formula One season, and a re-recorded version (replacing \"died a thousand times\" with \"lived a thousand lives\" in the lyrics) is also used as the theme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15092444", "score": "0.92300355", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Thornetta Davis", "text": "vocals with Kid Rock when he opened the VH1 \"Vogue\" Fashion Awards at Madison Square Garden. Davis performed on the soundtrack for the 2001 film, \"Osmosis Jones\". In addition, her voice was used on the television program, \"Xena Warrior Princess\". Davis has also covered the blues standard, \"I Just Want to Make Love to You\". She guested on Alberta Adams' 2008 album, \"Detroit is My Home\". In 2014, Davis performed at the Concert of Colors in Detroit with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. In 2017, she was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the Best Emerging Artist Album category, for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15927738", "score": "0.9215173", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "(I Would) Die for You", "text": "music by Nikos Terzis, who would later compose \"Love Me Tonight\" for Belarus, is an up-tempo number inspired in part by Greek folk music. Lyrically, it deals with the realization on the part of the singers, who sing in unison for most of the performance, that their love is all that matters. They tell each other that \"I would die for you/Look into my eyes and see it's true\". The contest performance was a relatively static affair, with both singers as well as the backing vocalists standing in front of microphones to sing. Elena Paparizou, however, wore a tight white", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8487139", "score": "0.9193386", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Tonight (Renée Geyer album)", "text": "acts such as Midnight Oil and Regurgitator) as co-conspirator, Geyer ensures there are clever, subtle but telling moments scattered everywhere.\" Tonight (Renée Geyer album) Tonight is the twelfth studio album by Australian soul and R&B singer Renée Geyer. The album was released in April 2005 and peaked at number 56 on the ARIA Charts. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2005, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album. Bernard Zuel from Sydney Morning Herald said; \"While holding true to a core of soul and R&B, this album fires off in multiple directions, both modern and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20153304", "score": "0.9160464", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "We've Got Tonite", "text": "on \"We've Got Tonight\" was at the firm suggestion of label chairman Larry Mazza who hoped to restore Easton to chart ascendancy. Mazza was also the president of Capitol Records the label of release for the Bob Seger original. Rogers - who'd state: \"I liked the idea of recording with Sheena: I thought the contrast in styles - I'm so throaty and she's so trained and pure - would really work well\" - himself had phoned Easton to pitch their dueting on the song on 23 December 1982: the two singers then met up on Christmas Eve to rehearse the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8338183", "score": "0.914244", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "I'd Really Love to See You Tonight", "text": "I'd Really Love to See You Tonight \"I'd Really Love to See You Tonight\" is a song written by Parker McGee and was a hit by England Dan & John Ford Coley from their 1976 album \"Nights Are Forever\". It eventually peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for two weeks, behind Wild Cherry's \"Play That Funky Music\" and #1 on the Easy Listening chart. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the #21 song for 1976. It reached #26 in the official UK chart. Dan Seals, the \"England Dan\" half of the duo, re-recorded the song in 1995 in an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11574245", "score": "0.9117293", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Let Go for Tonight", "text": "that made us really fall for the singer. As such, our natural instinct was to fear the worst when it was announced that she would be releasing a spruced-up version of it as her latest single. But while the new version has undergone a considerable makeover - the stripped down, piano-led production has been given a boost with muscular beats and crashing drums - it has somehow managed to retain the naive and carefree essence of the original. \"Let go for tonight baby, who needs sleep tonight?\" she asks over twinkly synths and strings that take flight on the chorus;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17802783", "score": "0.9099115", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Helena", "Hermia" ]

[ { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream (1909 film)", "text": "rehearse a play in honour of the duke's betrothal to Hippolyta. Back in the forest, Titania, Queen of Fairies (Florence Turner), quarrels with Penelope, who avenges herself by sending Puck (Gladys Hulette) away with a magic herb, which, dabbed on the eyes of a sleeping person, shall make the \"victim\" fall in love with the first person to appear after awakening. Soon, Lysander and Demetrius are smitten with the wrong girls and Titania has fallen in love with Bottom, the egotistical leader of the tradesmen, whom Puck has turned into an ass (donkey). When Penelope discovers all this mischief, she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10231993", "score": "1.2449833", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)", "text": "flower to fix the love entanglement occurring between the Athenian lovers who are on a merry chase in the forest. He mistakenly administers the charm to the sleeping Lysander instead of Demetrius. Puck provides Nick Bottom with a donkey's head so that Titania will fall in love with a beast and forget her attachment to the slave boy, allowing Oberon to take the child from her. Later, Puck is ordered by Oberon to fix the mistake he has made, by producing a dark fog, leading the lovers astray within it by imitating their voices, and then applying the flower to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "643185", "score": "1.1809098", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "The Fairy-Queen", "text": "drive him away. With its quick repartee and its broadly “realistic” portrayal of the poor victim, the Masque of the Drunken Poet is the closest episode in Purcell's London stage works to full-fledged opera as the Italians knew it. It begins after Oberon has ordered Puck to anoint the eyes of Demetrius with the love-juice. Titania and her fairies merrily revel (\"Come all ye songsters of the sky\"), and Night (\"See, even Night\"), Mystery (\"Mystery's song\"), Secrecy (\"One charming night\") and Sleep (\"Hush, no more, be silent all\") lull them asleep and leave them to pleasant dreams. Titania has fallen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7005172", "score": "1.1609324", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "the relationship, that drives the rest of the drama in the story and makes it dangerous for any of the other lovers to come together due to the disturbance of Nature caused by a fairy dispute. Similarly, this failure to identify and to distinguish is what leads Puck to mistake one set of lovers for another in the forest, placing the flower's juice on Lysander's eyes instead of Demetrius'. Victor Kiernan, a Marxist scholar and historian, writes that it is for the greater sake of love that this loss of identity takes place and that individual characters are made to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534280", "score": "1.1580889", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film)", "text": "outside Athens, Oberon (Victor Jory), the king of the fairies, and Titania (Anita Louise) his queen, are having an argument. Titania tells Oberon that she plans to stay there to attend the wedding of Duke Theseus and Hippolyta. Oberon and Titania are estranged because she refuses to give her Indian changeling to Oberon for use as his knight, since the child's mother was one of Titania's worshippers. Wanting to punish Titania's disobedience, Oberon instructs his mischievous court jester Puck (Mickey Rooney) to retrieve a flower called \"love-in-idleness\". Originally a white flower, it turns purple when struck by Cupid's bow. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8785000", "score": "1.1570894", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Oberon", "text": "fight breaks out between the two young men. Oberon is furious with Puck, and casts a sleeping spell on the forest, making Puck reverse the potion on Lysander, admonishing Puck to not reverse the effects on Demetrius. Both couples awake and begin the journey back to Athens. Oberon now looks upon Titania and her lover, Bottom, and feels sorry for what he has done. He reverses the spell using a magic herb. When she wakes, she is confused, thinking that she had a dream. Oberon explains that the dream was real, and the two reunite happily. They then return to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1294283", "score": "1.1555111", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "can have no singular answer or meaning. In 1969, Michael Taylor argued that previous critics offered a too cheerful view of what the play depicts. He emphasised the less pleasant aspects of the otherwise appealing fairies and the nastiness of the mortal Demetrius prior to his enchantment. He argued that the overall themes are the often painful aspects of love and the pettiness of people, which here include the fairies. In 1970, R.A. Zimbardo viewed the play as full of symbols. The Moon and its phases alluded to in the play, in his view, stand for permanence in mutability. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534317", "score": "1.1219177", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "The Dream (ballet)", "text": "the forest outside Athens Oberon, king of the fairies, and his queen, Titania, have quarrelled because she refuses to give him her Indian changeling boy as an attendant. Oberon seeks to punish Titania's defiance; he sends his servant, the mischievous fairy Puck, to find a flower called \"love-in-idleness\". The juice from this flower, if squeezed on a sleeping person's eyelids, makes the victim fall in love with the first living thing seen on awakening. Oberon intends to humiliate Titania by making her fall in love with some monster of the forest. Into the forest come a group of workmen, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17194781", "score": "1.1181668", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera)", "text": "of the alto range and \"forte\". The plot of the opera follows that of the play, with several alterations. Most of Shakespeare's act 1 is cut, compensated for by the opera's only added line: \"Compelling thee to marry with Demetrius.\" Therefore, much greater precedence is given to the wood, and to the fairies. This is also indicated by the opening \"portamenti\" strings, and by the ethereal countertenor voice that is Oberon, the male lead, who throughout is accompanied by a characteristic texture of harp and celeste, in the same way that Puck's appearance is heralded by the combination of trumpet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4233891", "score": "1.1164107", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Demetrius (A Midsummer Night's Dream)", "text": "He is a young Athenian who is engaged to another young Athenian, Hermia. He claims to love her, but really appears this way to gain Duke Theseus' and Egeus' support (in one interpretation). However, Hermia does not love Demetrius, but instead she loves a man called Lysander. Demetrius follows Hermia and Lysander into the woods once they have fled Athens, whilst Helena follows him. Helena craves Demetrius' love but he doesn't return her love and instead finds her annoying and a nuisance as she tries to win his heart. Eventually Demetrius falls in love with Helena due to Oberon and Puck putting the love juice on his eyes. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96. It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of Theseus, the Duke of Athens, to Hippolyta, the former queen of the Amazons. These include the adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a group of six amateur actors (the mechanicals) who are controlled and manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is set. The play is one of Shakespeare's most popular works for the stage and is widely performed across the world. The play consists of four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534256", "score": "1.114718", "original_retrieval_index": 57 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "first bliss of new and reunited lovers. The wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta and the mistaken and waylaid lovers, Titania and Bottom, even the erstwhile acting troupe, model various aspects (and forms) of love. Both David Wiles of the University of London and Harold Bloom of Yale University have strongly endorsed the reading of this play under the themes of Carnivalesque, Bacchanalia, and Saturnalia. Writing in 1998, David Wiles stated that: \"The starting point for my own analysis will be the proposition that although we encounter \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" as a text, it was historically part of an aristocratic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534273", "score": "1.0950749", "original_retrieval_index": 62 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film)", "text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film) A Midsummer Night's Dream is a 1935 American romance fantasy film of William Shakespeare's play, directed by Max Reinhardt and William Dieterle, and starring James Cagney, Mickey Rooney, Olivia de Havilland, Jean Muir, Joe E. Brown, Dick Powell, Ross Alexander, Anita Louise, Victor Jory and Ian Hunter. Produced by Henry Blanke and Hal B. Wallis for Warner Brothers, and adapted by Charles Kenyon and Mary C. McCall Jr. from Reinhardt's Hollywood Bowl production of the previous year, the film is about the events surrounding the marriage of the Duke of Athens, Theseus, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8784996", "score": "1.0941901", "original_retrieval_index": 63 }, { "title": "Egeus", "text": "rather than strictly adhering to her father's will (thus his preferential disposition towards Demetrius). In original performance \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", the actor for Egeus and Philostrate were probably one and the same. This can be gathered through discrepancies between the First Folio and earlier quarto versions of the play. In Act V, scene 1, for example, the quartos say \"Call Philostrate\", while the 1623 Folio says \"Call Egeus\". One actor filling both roles also explains some of the jumbled dialogue in this scene, as it was probably the result of confusion over the role the actor was playing at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6172778", "score": "1.0916623", "original_retrieval_index": 64 }, { "title": "Titania", "text": "sorceress turning her lovers into animals, she is made to love a donkey after Bottom has been transformed. Titania has appeared in many other paintings, poems, plays and other works. Titania Titania () is a character in William Shakespeare's play \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\". In the play, she is the queen of the fairies. Due to Shakespeare's influence, later fiction has often used the name \"Titania\" for fairy queen characters. In traditional folklore, the fairy queen has no name. Shakespeare took the name \"Titania\" from Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\", where it is an appellation given to the daughters of Titans. Shakespeare's Titania", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5969718", "score": "1.0863165", "original_retrieval_index": 67 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "for the characters of Thisbe, the Lion, and Pyramus at the same time. He would also rather be a tyrant and recites some lines of Ercles. Bottom is told by Quince that he would do the Lion so terribly as to frighten the duchess and ladies enough for the Duke and Lords to have the players hanged. Snug remarks that he needs the Lion's part because he is \"slow of study\". Quince ends the meeting with \"at the Duke's oak we meet\". In a parallel plot line, Oberon, king of the fairies, and Titania, his queen, have come to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534259", "score": "1.0827817", "original_retrieval_index": 69 }, { "title": "The Dreaming (musical)", "text": "in the forest, who supposedly would light bonfires at Midsummer (\"Dream Nights\"). They are interrupted by the local groundsman, Matthews, who reports that his daughter Charlotte has eloped with a local boy, Alexander, despite being engaged to David Swann, a local Captain and former betrothed of Jennifer Farthing, the Admiral's daughter. Swann has pursued his beloved with Jennifer in tow, surmising that Alexander and Charlotte will try to escape through the woods and make their way to Scotland to be married. Also in the forest that night is the Reverend Herbert Plum, who is hoping to perform his new \"musico-dramtico", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17377702", "score": "1.0774431", "original_retrieval_index": 71 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "transforms his head into that of a donkey. When Bottom returns for his next lines, the other workmen run screaming in terror: They claim that they are haunted, much to Bottom's confusion. Determined to await his friends, he begins to sing to himself. Titania, having received the love-potion, is awakened by Bottom's singing and immediately falls in love with him. She lavishes him with the attention of her and her fairies, and while she is in this state of devotion, Oberon takes the changeling. Having achieved his goals, Oberon releases Titania, orders Puck to remove the donkey's head from Bottom,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534266", "score": "1.0741658", "original_retrieval_index": 72 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "outdoor production starring Eric Hoffmann as Puck, with Karen Hurley as Titania and Eric Conger as Oberon, directed by company founder Gloria Skurski. There have been several variations since then, including some set in the 1980s. The Maryland Shakespeare Players at University of Maryland staged a queer production in 2015 where the lovers were same-sex couples and the mechanicals were drag queens. The University of Michigan's Nichols Arboretum's programme Shakespeare in the Arb has presented a play every summer since 2001. Shakespeare in the Arb has produced \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" three times. These performances take place in a natural", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534343", "score": "1.0728595", "original_retrieval_index": 73 }, { "title": "Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)", "text": "a cough; And then the whole quire hold their hips and laugh, And waxen in their mirth and neeze and swear A merrier hour was never wasted there. But, room, fairy! Here comes Oberon </poem> Puck is the servant of the fairy king Oberon, who is angry with Titania the fairy queen. Oberon is jealous of Titania's fondness for her Indian slave boy. Puck is sent to fetch a flower that, having been struck by Cupid's arrows, now has the power to induce love in anyone who drinks its juices. Puck is then instructed by Oberon to use the love", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "643184", "score": "1.0629852", "original_retrieval_index": 74 }, { "title": "Viola tricolor", "text": "white flower, struck by one of Cupid's arrows, which turned it purple and gave it its magic love potion. When dripped onto someone's eyelids this love potion causes an individual to fall madly in love with the next person they see. In \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", William Shakespeare uses this flower as a plot device to introduce the comical disturbance and chaos of love, but also to highlight the irrationality of romantic love. Here love is depicted as a sort of benevolent affliction. Shakespeare presents love to be something contradicting to one's normal feelings and ideas. However he also depicts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2968251", "score": "1.0628839", "original_retrieval_index": 75 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream (1999 film)", "text": "a rift between all four that culminates (famously in this adaptation) in a mud-wrestling scene. Oberon then bewitches Titania with the same potion. Meanwhile, an acting troupe prepares a play for the entertainment of the Duke. The leader of the actors (Roger Rees) and the actors, including a weaver named Bottom (Kevin Kline), and Francis Flute (Sam Rockwell) take their rehearsal to the forest. The mischievous Puck magically enchants Bottom with the head of an ass and Bottom is then seen by the bewitched Titania. Titania woos Bottom in her bower, attended by fairies. Oberon tires of the sport and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8444061", "score": "1.0586915", "original_retrieval_index": 80 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "a suitor chosen by her father, or else face death. Theseus offers her another choice: lifelong chastity while worshipping the goddess Artemis as a nun. Peter Quince and his fellow players Nick Bottom, Francis Flute, Robin Starveling, Tom Snout and Snug plan to put on a play for the wedding of the Duke and the Queen, \"the most lamentable comedy and most cruel death of Pyramus and Thisbe\". Quince reads the names of characters and bestows them on the players. Nick Bottom, who is playing the main role of Pyramus, is over-enthusiastic and wants to dominate others by suggesting himself", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534258", "score": "1.0542219", "original_retrieval_index": 81 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)", "text": "the innovative.\" Peter Holland, editor of The Oxford Shakespeare edition described it as \"[turning] the sentimentality into something rougher and muddier; his fairies, accompanying Titania (Judi Dench), naked with her modesty covered by a long wig, were dirty urchins covered in mud.\" The \"Athens\" scenes were shot at Compton Verney House. The film was generally poorly received by critics. Penelope Houston, reviewing the film for The Spectator, wrote: A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film) A Midsummer Night's Dream is a 1968 film of William Shakespeare's play \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", directed by Peter Hall. It stars Derek Godfrey as Theseus,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8323277", "score": "1.0530162", "original_retrieval_index": 83 }, { "title": "Demetrius the Fair", "text": "Demetrius the Fair Demetrius the Fair or surnamed The Handsome (Greek: Δημήτριος ὁ Καλός, around 285 BC–249 or 250 BC), also known in modern ancient historical sources as Demetrius of Cyrene, was a Hellenistic king of Cyrene. Demetrius was of Greek Macedonian descent. He was surnamed \"The Fair\", because he was an attractive man. He was born and raised in Macedonia. Demetrius was named after his father and was the youngest of the children of King Demetrius I of Macedon and his wife, Ptolemais. Demetrius I married Ptolemais as his fifth wife around 287 BC/286 BC in Miletus, while this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5015906", "score": "1.0504066", "original_retrieval_index": 84 }, { "title": "Demetrius the Fair", "text": "would become King of Cyrenaica and protect Cyrenaica from the Ptolemaic dynasty. Demetrius agreed to Apama's request and married Berenice. When he married Berenice and became king, there was no opposition in his rise to the throne, but he became ambitious to the point of recklessness. Sometime after his marriage to Berenice, Demetrius and Apama became lovers. Jealous of her husband's affair with her mother, Berenice argued with both of them and consented to the assassination of Demetrius, who died in Apama’s arms. The poem \"Coma Berenices\" by Greek poet Callimachus (lost, but known in a Latin translation or paraphrase", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5015909", "score": "1.0433905", "original_retrieval_index": 86 }, { "title": "Titania", "text": "Titania Titania () is a character in William Shakespeare's play \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\". In the play, she is the queen of the fairies. Due to Shakespeare's influence, later fiction has often used the name \"Titania\" for fairy queen characters. In traditional folklore, the fairy queen has no name. Shakespeare took the name \"Titania\" from Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\", where it is an appellation given to the daughters of Titans. Shakespeare's Titania is a very proud creature and as much of a force to contend with as her husband Oberon. She and Oberon are engaged in a marital quarrel over which of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5969716", "score": "1.0431085", "original_retrieval_index": 87 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "suffer accordingly: \"It was the more extravagant cult of love that struck sensible people as irrational, and likely to have dubious effects on its acolytes.\" He believes that identities in the play are not so much lost as they are blended together to create a type of haze through which distinction becomes nearly impossible. It is driven by a desire for new and more practical ties between characters as a means of coping with the strange world within the forest, even in relationships as diverse and seemingly unrealistic as the brief love between Titania and Bottom: \"It was the tidal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534281", "score": "1.0421408", "original_retrieval_index": 88 }, { "title": "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "text": "known. In 1787, British astronomer William Herschel discovered two new moons of Uranus that he named after characters in the play: Oberon, and Titania. Another Uranian moon, discovered in 1985 by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, has been named Puck. All references to \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Arden Shakespeare 2nd series edition. Under their referencing system, which uses roman numerals, III.I.55 means act 3, scene 1, line 55. A Midsummer Night's Dream A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96. It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of Theseus,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534354", "score": "1.0415249", "original_retrieval_index": 90 }, { "title": "Dream of a Summer Night", "text": "reason, thanks to the powerful elixirs given to them by the elf Puck. Only on the wedding day, while the show is going on stage in the big hall, Lisandro, Demetrio, Erminia and Elena will be able to shed light on their true feelings. Dream of a Summer Night Dream of a Summer Night (, also spelled as \"Dream of a Summer's Night\") is a 1983 Italian musical film written and directed by Gabriele Salvatores, at his directorial debut. Based on a rock musical directed by the same Salvatores, it is a musical adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"A Midsummer Night's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19175713", "score": "1.0412629", "original_retrieval_index": 91 } ]

[ "Rich Mullins" ]

[ { "title": "Our God (song)", "text": "song on his 2012 compilation album, \"Sing Like Never Before: The Essential Collection\". At the 2011 Dove Awards, Tomlin was nominated for Song of the Year, and won Worship Song of the Year for \"Our God\". Tomlin also performed the song at the awards ceremony. That same year, \"And If Our God Is For Us...\" containing the song as its major hit was nominated in the category of Top Christian Album, the song won the title of Top Christian Song, and Tomlin won Top Christian Artist at the Billboard Music Awards. \"Our God\" is the No. 5 song on CCLI's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18855869", "score": "1.0005462", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "How Great Is Our God", "text": "album. How Great Is Our God \"How Great Is Our God\" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves and Ed Cash. It was originally featured on Tomlin's album \"Arriving\", that reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Christian Songs chart. It is also featured live on Tomlin's \"Live from Austin Music Hall\" album. As of November 2014, it also is the fifth most popular worship song today, according to CCLI's top 25 worship songs chart. It also reached No. 1 on Christian Music Weekly's \"20 the Countdown Magazine's\" Top 20 Worship Songs Chart. The song won \"Song of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21003587", "score": "0.9888662", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Our God (song)", "text": "Top 25 Songs. Our God (song) \"Our God\" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves, Jonas Myrin, and Matt Redman. The track was originally included on \"\", a live record from Passion 10, the 2010 gathering of the Passion Conferences. It was released as a single and spent 10 weeks as No. 1 on Billboard Christian charts. The song is also the opening track on Tomlin's album \"And If Our God Is For Us...\" (2010) by CCM. In 2011, Chris Tomlin recorded a remake with the famous Christian rapper, Lecrae. One of Tomlin's co-writers Matt Redman recorded a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18855870", "score": "0.96351993", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Our God (song)", "text": "Our God (song) \"Our God\" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves, Jonas Myrin, and Matt Redman. The track was originally included on \"\", a live record from Passion 10, the 2010 gathering of the Passion Conferences. It was released as a single and spent 10 weeks as No. 1 on Billboard Christian charts. The song is also the opening track on Tomlin's album \"And If Our God Is For Us...\" (2010) by CCM. In 2011, Chris Tomlin recorded a remake with the famous Christian rapper, Lecrae. One of Tomlin's co-writers Matt Redman recorded a version of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18855868", "score": "0.9629215", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Awesome God", "text": "the song to be one of his best. In an interview with \"The Lighthouse Electronic Magazine\" in April 1996, he said: You know, the thing I like about Awesome God is that it's one of the worst-written songs that I ever wrote; it's just poorly crafted. But the thing is that sometimes, I think, that when you become too conscientious about being a songwriter, the message becomes a vehicle for the medium. This is a temptation that I think all songwriters have. I think a great songwriter is someone who is able to take a very meaningful piece of wisdom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3457906", "score": "0.96048874", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "How Great Is Our God", "text": "How Great Is Our God \"How Great Is Our God\" is a song written by Chris Tomlin, Jesse Reeves and Ed Cash. It was originally featured on Tomlin's album \"Arriving\", that reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Christian Songs chart. It is also featured live on Tomlin's \"Live from Austin Music Hall\" album. As of November 2014, it also is the fifth most popular worship song today, according to CCLI's top 25 worship songs chart. It also reached No. 1 on Christian Music Weekly's \"20 the Countdown Magazine's\" Top 20 Worship Songs Chart. The song won \"Song of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21003585", "score": "0.95431805", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Book of Veles", "text": "sing the song for he is the light with which we see the world. We are looking and in Jav we are, and he from Nav guards us and therefore praise we sing him. We sing and dance to him and call god of ours to Earth, Sun and stars constantly in light keeps. And glory all to Svetovid, god of ours that hearts ours opens for us to admit bad deeds ours and to good we turn. May he hug us like children for this has been said: what is created with half of the mind could not be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2093262", "score": "0.9457046", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sinach", "text": "Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Grenada, Uganda at the Miracle Centre Cathedral, a church led by Pastor Robert Kayanja, Barbados, The British Virgin Islands, Zambia and the United Kingdom. Sinach Osinachi Joseph (nee Kalu) popularly known by the mononym Sinach, is a Nigerian Gospel music singer, songwriter, and senior worship leader at Believers' Loveworld International. She is known globally for several gospel hits songs which include, \"Way Maker\", \"I Know Who I Am\", \"Great Are You Lord\", \"Rejoice\", \"He Did It Again\", \"Precious Jesus\", \"The Name of Jesus\", \"This Is my Season\", \"Awesome God\", \"For This\", \"I Stand Amazed\", \"Simply Devoted\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18083686", "score": "0.9450783", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Sidney Psalms", "text": "to God as \"\"my God\"\" (Sidney, 2009, p. 84). Referring to God as his God establishes that he has complete faith in God. Further on in the stanza, when it says \"\"I will sing abroad what great thanks I owe thee\"\" (Sidney, 2009, p. 84) the speaker informs that he would sing loudly to those around him about God's greatness and how he is thankful for all God does for him. The final stanza can be seen as the speaker making his re-connection with God as He is presented as being present in this stanza. An example that shows this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618406", "score": "0.9220655", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Awesome God", "text": "\"Awesome God\" is a contemporary worship song written by Rich Mullins and first recorded on his 1988 album, Winds of Heaven, Stuff of Earth. It was the first single from the album and rose to the number one spot on Christian radio and subsequently became a popular congregational song. Its title is inspired by a biblical expression (Nehemiah 1:5, Nehemiah 9:32, Psalm 47, Daniel 9:4, etc.), variously translated as \"Awesome God\", (JPS, in the old-fashioned meaning \"awe-inspiring\"), \"great\" (KJV), among other alternatives. Due to the popularity of the song it became Mullins' signature song.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Kerron Ennis", "text": "Competition where she placed third singing Clifton and Margaret Clarke's song \"No Wonder\". Clifton Clarke produced her debut album titled \"God Is By Our Side\" (2005), which led to her being nominated for 6 awards at the 2006 Caribbean Gospel Music Marlin Awards. The track \"Daddy Oh\" (with DJ Nicholas) was a #1 song in Jamaica for three weeks. She won awards for \"Reggae Recording of the year\" for the title track \"God is by our side\" and Reggae vocal Performance of the year Duo/Group for the song \"Holy Ghost Church\" with Dj Nicholas. Kerron was a part of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17983170", "score": "0.90398955", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Rich Mullins", "text": "wider audience. The song \"Awesome God\" was written at a Christian camp, Rock Lake Christian Assembly, near Vestaburg, Michigan. In the early 1990s, Mullins released a pair of albums entitled \"The World As Best As I Remember It, Volume One\" and \"Volume Two\". These featured a more stripped-back, acoustic feel than his earlier work, with nods to Irish music. \"Step By Step\", a song written by his friend Beaker and included on volume one, and incorporated into \"Sometimes By Step\" with additional lyrics by Mullins on volume two, became an instant hit on Christian radio, and, like \"Awesome God\", it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "929126", "score": "0.89793783", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "How Great Is Our God", "text": "Year\" and \"Worship Song of the Year\" at the 2006 GMA Dove Awards, and \"Worship Song of the Year\" again at the 2008 GMA Dove Awards. In 2009, gospel/jazz keyboardist Ben Tankard, presented his instrumental rendition of the song from Tankard's No. 1 charting album, \"Mercy, Mercy, Mercy\". At Passion 2012, Tomlin performed a new edition of this song called \"How Great is Our God: World Edition\". This new version included the original lyrics sung in several different languages: Hindi, Indonesian, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, Zulu, Afrikaans and Mandarin. It is the first track of his \"Chris Tomlin: The Essential Collection\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21003586", "score": "0.89529705", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "There Is a God", "text": "that \"there is a God.\" The song was previously recorded by Trent Willmon for his 2007 album \"Broken In\". His version was released as a single in late 2007, although it failed to chart. Womack recorded her own version of the song and a positive response from country radio led to its single release. Reba McEntire later covered the song for her 2017 album, \"\". The song was met with mixed reception among music critics. Matt Bjorke of Roughstock reviewed the song favorably, and described it as a return to a more \"contemporary\" country sound: \"This song may not please", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13980454", "score": "0.8906249", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lobgesang", "text": "light. (Romans 13:12) 8. Chorale Now let us all thank God with hearts and hands and voices, who in all adversity will be merciful to us, who does so much good, who from childhood has kept us in his care and done good to all. Praise, honor and glory be to God the Father, and the Son, and his Holy Spirit on heaven's highest throne. Praise to God, three in one, who separated night and darkness from light and dawn, give thanks to him with our song. 9. Soprano and tenor duet So I sing your praises with my song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5898423", "score": "0.88495374", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "God (Rebecca St. James song)", "text": "God (Rebecca St. James song) \"God\" is a 1996 single by Christian pop-rock singer Rebecca St. James. The song is from the album of the same name. The song \"He Is Exalted\" came from the album \"Prayers and Worship\" and Michelle Ray sang it. St.James did a spoken word performance in the beginning. KJ-52 in 2005 did a remix of this song with St. James singing the chorus. The song is on the album \"Behind the Musik (A Boy Named Jonah)\". A music video for the song was released and show's St. James singing in between clips of the sun", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8345083", "score": "0.88459045", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sinach", "text": "Sinach Osinachi Joseph (nee Kalu) popularly known by the mononym Sinach, is a Nigerian Gospel music singer, songwriter, and senior worship leader at Believers' Loveworld International. She is known globally for several gospel hits songs which include, \"Way Maker\", \"I Know Who I Am\", \"Great Are You Lord\", \"Rejoice\", \"He Did It Again\", \"Precious Jesus\", \"The Name of Jesus\", \"This Is my Season\", \"Awesome God\", \"For This\", \"I Stand Amazed\", \"Simply Devoted\" and \"Jesus is Alive\". Sinach hails from Ebonyi State,Eastern Nigeria, and is the second daughter of seven children. Growing up, she had dreams of singing to large audiences,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18083681", "score": "0.8832253", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "God (Rebecca St. James song)", "text": "and nature. God (Rebecca St. James song) \"God\" is a 1996 single by Christian pop-rock singer Rebecca St. James. The song is from the album of the same name. The song \"He Is Exalted\" came from the album \"Prayers and Worship\" and Michelle Ray sang it. St.James did a spoken word performance in the beginning. KJ-52 in 2005 did a remix of this song with St. James singing the chorus. The song is on the album \"Behind the Musik (A Boy Named Jonah)\". A music video for the song was released and show's St. James singing in between clips of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8345084", "score": "0.8788289", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "LaRue Howard", "text": "at Morris Brown College. Her music recording career commenced in 2004, with the album, \"I'm Free\", and it was released in 2004, yet it did not chart. She released, \"How Great Is Our God\", on March 11, 2008 with EMI. This album was her breakthrough release upon the \"Billboard\" magazine charts, and it placed on the Christian Albums at No. 26 and Gospel Albums at No. 6. The song, \"How Great Is Our God\", was nominated and won her the GMA Dove Award for Contemporary Gospel Recorded Song of the Year at the 40th GMA Dove Awards in 2009. Howard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18757745", "score": "0.8698137", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "This Is Our God", "text": "This Is Our God This Is Our God is the seventeenth album in the live praise and worship series of contemporary worship music by Hillsong Church. It was recorded live at the Acer Arena on 9 March 2008 by Reuben Morgan, Joel Houston, Darlene Zschech, and the Hillsong Live Worship team with a crowd of over 10,000 worshippers. The album opened at No. 2 on the ARIA Top 50 Albums Chart in Australia. \"This is Our God\" is the first Hillsong album since 1996 on which Darlene Zschech has not appeared as worship pastor, since Reuben Morgan officially became the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11790492", "score": "0.86902153", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "There Is a God", "text": "There Is a God \"There Is a God\" is a song written by Chris DuBois and Ashley Gorley, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Ann Womack. It was released in November 2009. \"There Is a God\" is a ballad, backed primarily by acoustic guitar, with steel guitar fills and strings. The song's narrator describes everything she sees, from things of beauty (\"Watch a flock of birds against the morning sun / Close your eyes and listen to the river run\") to life's miracles (\"Hearing the doctor say he can't explain it, but the cancer's gone\"), as being proof", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13980453", "score": "0.8674484", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "God's Word Is Our Great Heritage", "text": "put the hymn to a tune of his creation. Many hymnals use this arrangement, including \"The Lutheran Hymnal\", \"Lutheran Service Book\" (LCMS) and \"Christian Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal\" (WELS), though the \"Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary\" (ELS) has retained the original melody to the hymn. The hymn is also the school hymn of Michigan Lutheran Seminary. Click here to view Michigan Lutheran Seminary's Concert Choir sing this hymn. God's Word Is Our Great Heritage God's Word Is Our Great Heritage, is the title of a popular hymn sung in many churches, especially the Lutheran Church. This hymn was inspired by Psalm 16:6:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11291010", "score": "0.86609924", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Sonicflood", "text": "there is lacking,\" the second verse begins with, \"Let me tell you all my thoughts on God, cause I just met with Him this morning...\" In early 1998 Mark Lee Townsend stepped down from the role of lead singer and was replaced by then-independent artist Jeff Deyo. Zilch would play shows, sometimes ending them with a praise song such as \"Lord, I Lift Your Name on High.\" The band found that playing such music changed the nature of audience interaction with their performance, in positive ways. Their label took notice as well, and eventually suggested that the band consider recording", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6681218", "score": "0.86194414", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "LaRue Howard", "text": "LaRue Howard LaRue Howard (born March 13, 1970) is an American gospel musician. Her first album, \"I'm Free\", was released by Tribe Records in 2004. The subsequent album, \"How Great Is Our God\", was released in 2008 by EMI. This album was a \"Billboard\" magazine breakthrough release upon the Christian Albums and Gospel Albums charts. The song, \"How Great Is Our God\", won her the GMA Dove Award for Contemporary Gospel Recorded Song of the Year at the 40th GMA Dove Awards in 2009. Howard was born on March 13, 1970, in Ridgeland, South Carolina, who was in the choir", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18757744", "score": "0.8613945", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Note to God", "text": "digital download but it charted in the U.S. and Canada due to high digital sales. Multiple Grammy Award-winner Diane Warren confirmed on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\" that she immediately knew the song \"Note to God\" was perfect for Zyrus the moment she heard the young singer's voice. She also expressed her enchantment with Zyrus's rendition of her song and how the singer surpassed the expectations she set for this composition. This emotionally packed song, which brought the studio audience to their feet and Oprah Winfrey to tears on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\", was accompanied by an orchestra, David Foster and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13366939", "score": "0.8549777", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Deniece Williams", "text": "Awards, Williams sang an a cappella version of her 1977 composition \"God Is Amazing\", a Gospel song, rather than her No. 1 song \"Let's Hear It for the Boy\", much to her record company's disdain. During 1986 her first gospel studio album, \"So Glad I Know\", was released on Sparrow Records, and got to No. 8 on the \"Billboard\" Top Christian Albums chart and was nominated for Best Gospel Performance, Female Grammy. \"They Say\", a duet with Sandi Patti, Williams won the Grammy Award for Best Gospel Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group, Choir or Chorus and for \"I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3692292", "score": "0.8517523", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Good God (Anouk song)", "text": "Good God (Anouk song) \"Good God\" is a soul/rock song written by Anouk Teeuwe and her then-husband Remon Stotijn and recorded by Dutch singer Anouk. Produced by its writers along with Glen Ballard, the song was released as the first single from Anouk's album \"Who's Your Momma\" on 2 November 2007. The song is a playable track in Guitar Hero World Tour. The music video of \"Good God\" was recorded in London and directed by Jonas Åkerlund. The video premiered on November 6, 2007 on the news website NU.nl. The song is used in the intro sequence of the Dutch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11140463", "score": "0.85168105", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "I Am a God", "text": "18 on their list of the 50 best songs of 2013. I Am a God \"I Am a God\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kanye West from his sixth solo studio album \"Yeezus\". It was produced by West, Hudson Mohawke, Daft Punk and Mike Dean. \"I Am a God\" contains samples of \"Forward Inna Dem Clothes\", written by Clifton Bailey III and H. Hart, and performed by Capleton, features vocals from Bon Iver's Justin Vernon, and samples of \"Zindagi Hai Khel\". The song credits God as a featured performer. Before it was officially announced that Kanye", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17398817", "score": "0.8481473", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "This Is Our God", "text": "watching the feature\" Documentary Worship Leaders: Songwriters: Drum Technician Keyboards Audio Engineers: Post Audio: Senior Pastors: Worship Pastor: Album Cover Electric Guitars Acoustic Guitars Drums Bass Instruments This Is Our God This Is Our God is the seventeenth album in the live praise and worship series of contemporary worship music by Hillsong Church. It was recorded live at the Acer Arena on 9 March 2008 by Reuben Morgan, Joel Houston, Darlene Zschech, and the Hillsong Live Worship team with a crowd of over 10,000 worshippers. The album opened at No. 2 on the ARIA Top 50 Albums Chart in Australia.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11790496", "score": "0.84798706", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Yitro (parsha)", "text": "world was hushed into breathless silence and the voice went forth in the words of and “I am the Lord your God.” Rabbi Levi explained that God said the words of and “I am the Lord your God,” to reassure Israel that just because they heard many voices at Sinai, they should not believe that there are many deities in heaven, but rather they should know that God alone is God. Rabbi Tobiah bar Isaac read the words of and “I am the Lord your God,” to teach that it was on the condition that the Israelites acknowledged God as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6749454", "score": "0.8472151", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "Margaret Hoard", "Mary Elizabeth" ]

[ { "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "text": "spend the night together. Forney confesses his love for her, but Novalee confides in Lexie she has never considered herself good enough for Forney and is confused about her feelings for him. Her continued feelings of unworthiness become overwhelming when he says that he intends to stay with her rather than resume his studies at Bowdoin College in Maine. Believing his life would be a dead end with her in Sequoyah, Novalee struggles to lie to Forney saying she does not love him. Heartbroken and rejected by Novalee, Forney returns to college in Maine. Novalee learns that Lexie is seeing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "548469", "score": "1.4045361", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "to get any gigs. Novalee is seen struggling with her feelings for Forney after Lexi points out that Forney has been in love with Novalee for a long time. Novalee believes that Forney deserves someone better than her since it always intimidated her that Forney came from a well-known rich family. One day she receives a weird phone call from Lexi's oldest son Brownie and immediately rushes over to her apartment. She finds all of the children in distress and Lexi extremely injured. While Lexi is recovering, Novalee moves her and her five kids to her house. Lexi confesses to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822328", "score": "1.3570994", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "text": "continues to Maine to find Forney at Bowdoin. Novalee tells him she really does love him and they return to Oklahoma and marry. The final scene is of their wedding, which takes place in a Walmart. Original music for the film was produced by Mason Daring. A soundtrack of the original music was released by RCA Records, as well as a music compilation soundtrack featuring songs used in the film by artists such as Emmylou Harris, Lyle Lovett, Martina McBride, and John Hiatt. The song \"That's the Beat of a Heart\" was performed by The Warren Brothers and Sara Evans.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "548472", "score": "1.3469249", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "from a well-bred family but had to drop out of college to take care of his alcoholic sister. He appears \"crazy\" and shouts facts he has read from books at Novalee. Novalee takes a walk to Sister Husband's home, who had told Novalee in Walmart she was welcome to visit her house any time, to ask Sister Husband if she could plant her buckeye on her property. As the weeks pass, Novalee becomes good friends with Forney, Sister Husband and her companion Mr. Sprock. Novalee is forced to have her baby in the Wal-Mart, but Forney breaks a window and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822323", "score": "1.3267663", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "but she soon falls in love with him. When Forney comes back, Novalee breaks his heart by telling him that she can't love him the way that he loves her and she breaks down in tears after she leaves him. With nothing tying him to Oklahoma anymore, Forney decides to leave and periodically sends letters to Americus schooling her about what books to read and to extend his best wishes to Novalee. Novalee is soon taking pictures of Lexi and Ernie on their wedding day and learning of a new pregnancy. She and Americus are miserable because of Forney's absence.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822330", "score": "1.3241432", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "him. Once Willy Jack is released, Novalee attempts to find Forney using the letters that he has sent to Americus and his love of books. She also has Willy Jack all set up in her car so that she can drive him back home to Tennessee. She finally calls and finds Forney in a bookstore in Chicago. She tearfully confesses to Forney that she lied about loving him and that she thought he deserved someone better. Forney assures her that there is nothing better than her and that he is coming home to her and Americus. Where the Heart Is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822333", "score": "1.3128456", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "pictures. She has heard Billy Shadow's song \"The Beat of the Heart\" on the radio but cannot understand why it bothers her so much since she doesn't know that it is actually Willy Jack singing. Forney has become one of her best friends and he loves taking care of Americus. Lexi has since had another baby and is also currently seeing a new man named Roger. Benny Goodluck has also grown into a young man who sees Novalee often. One summer, a massive tornado blows through Oklahoma and many other states, leaving many people dead. Sadly, one of these people", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822326", "score": "1.2921914", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "time. He tells her that he called every time he was in a troubled spot and that he instantly felt better once he heard Americus's voice. When Novalee asks him why he lied about the baby's heart, Willy Jack tells her that he doesn't have a good reason but that sometimes people say such a huge lie that it changes their whole life. That if given a second chance, most people would do anything to set that lie straight. Novalee realizes that the lie she has told and that has changed her life is telling Forney that she didn't love", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822332", "score": "1.1853606", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "text": "a train approaches. On Americus's 5th birthday, Novalee picks up a newspaper and sees an article about Willy Jack having lost his legs some months before and recently being robbed of his wheelchair. Novalee visits Willy Jack in the hospital and he confesses his whole life would've been different if he hadn't left her. She sees how Willy Jack is a changed man and is able to finally forgive and let go of him, but she warns him never to contact Americus. Novalee realizes now her lies are similar mistakes with Forney. She drives Willy Jack home to Tennessee and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "548471", "score": "1.1664107", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "text": "Novalee soon meets Forney Hull (James Frain), the surly librarian who looks after his alcoholic sister Mary Elizabeth (Margaret Hoard). During a thunderstorm Novalee, alone at Walmart, goes into labor. Forney, who is now in awe of Novalee, and had seen her enter the store at closing time, smashes through the window to help deliver her child. Novalee instantly becomes a media darling, and in hospital is befriended by Nurse Lexie Coop (Ashley Judd), who has four children by three different men. Novalee names her daughter Americus. Her estranged mother Mama Lil (Sally Field), visits after hearing of the news", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "Meanwhile Willy Jack continues on his way to California and comes across a girl named Jolene with car problems. Willy Jack agrees to give her a ride but they are soon stopped by police because Jolene shoplifted from a store and the police believe it was Willy Jack since Jolene is only 12 or 13 years old. He is subsequently arrested and sent to jail. As Novalee lives in Walmart, she watches as the buckeye tree becomes sick. She takes a walk to the library where she meets Forney Hull who helps her find books about the buckeye. Forney is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822322", "score": "1.1554524", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "is Sister Husband. Since the Walmart and Sister's trailer was also destroyed, Novalee decides to move to the next town where the Walmart is being rebuilt. To her great surprise, Novalee learns that Sister left all of her possessions and life insurance in Novalee's name. She is able to build a house right where Sister's trailer use to be and where her buckeye tree is miraculously still standing. Willy Jack has since become cocky and tries to go behind Ruth Meyers' back to get a better agent. She learns of this and makes sure that he no longer is able", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822327", "score": "1.1222312", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "text": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film) Where the Heart Is is a 2000 American romantic drama film directed by Matt Williams in his film directing debut. The film stars Natalie Portman, Stockard Channing, Ashley Judd, and Joan Cusack with supporting roles performed by James Frain, Dylan Bruno, Keith David, and Sally Field. The screenplay, written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel, is based on the best-selling 1995 novel of the same name by Billie Letts. The film follows five years in the life of Novalee Nation, a pregnant 17-year-old, who is abandoned by her boyfriend at a Walmart in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "548463", "score": "1.0814722", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (2000 film)", "text": "disappears with the money donated by well-wishers. Sister Husband arrives and offers to take in Novalee and Americus. Three years later, Novalee becomes a photographer with the help of Moses. When a tornado blows through Sequoyah, Sister Husband is killed. In her memory, Novalee shoots a picture of Americus and the still-standing buckeye tree amidst the damage from the storm. After the funeral, Novalee finds out that she is the beneficiary of Sister's estate, totaling around $40,000. Novalee builds a new home for herself and Americus on Sister's land. Meanwhile, after a spell in prison and travelling to Nashville, Willy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "548466", "score": "1.0750079", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "at a Wal-Mart in Sequoyah, Oklahoma, so she can use the restroom and purchase a pair of sandals, as hers fell through the floor of their beat up car. When Novalee comes out of the Wal-Mart, she realizes Willy Jack has left her with nothing more than her beach bag and the $7.77 she has in change from the purchase of new sandals. With nowhere else to go, Novalee spends the afternoon at the Wal-Mart and meets \"Sister Husband\", a kind and spunky woman who runs the town's \"Welcome Wagon.\" Sister Husband has a deep faith and hands out chapters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822320", "score": "1.0569494", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "Where the Heart Is (novel) Where the Heart Is is a 1995 novel by Billie Letts. It was chosen as an Oprah's Book Club selection in December 1998. A 2000 film of the same name was directed by Matt Williams, starring Natalie Portman, Ashley Judd and Stockard Channing. \"Where the Heart Is\" follows the lives of Novalee Nation, Willy Jack Picken, and their daughter Americus Nation for a period of seven years in the 1980s and early 1990s. Above all, the book dramatizes in detail the tribulations of lower-income and foster children in the United States. This novel opens with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822318", "score": "1.0404985", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Emma Carney", "text": "her condition, partly because Carney's resting heart rate when asleep was only 21 bpm. In October 2004 surgeons implanted an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in the right ventricle of her heart. She later speculated, \"I always raced so hard that maybe it contributed to damaging my heart. Having said that, I probably was unable to approach it differently. That was just the way I was wired - all or nothing.\" In 2006, Carney's elder sister Jane died of cancer. She had thought that her heart problems were \"really hard\", but describes her sister's death as \"a well of anguish that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14728382", "score": "1.0279353", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "helps her give birth. At the hospital she befriends her nurse Lexi who is obese and has four different children with different fathers. She finds out that she and her baby are famous and in the news. Remembering Moses Whitecotton's advice on picking a name for her daughter, Novalee decided to name her Americus. Novalee's mother finds out which hospital she's at because of the news report on her, but Novalee finds out the hard way that her intentions were just for money. Sister convinces Novalee to move in with her and Novalee starts to work in the Walmart where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822324", "score": "1.025629", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (US TV series)", "text": "Dunlap. Set in the fictional town of Northcross, Connecticut, \"Where the Heart Is\" focuses on the sexual and psychological intrigues of the dysfunctional Hathaway family. Although some believe that the serial was patterned after Grace Metalious’ scandalous novel \"Peyton Place,\" the serial was actually CBS’ attempt to create a psychosexual, family melodrama popularized by NBC's \"Days of Our Lives.\" With such prurient themes as unabashed adultery, out-of-wedlock babies, and vaguely incestuous love triangles, the serial's irreverent, fast-paced stories were in contrast to the other serials on CBS which were staid and conservative. The serial opened with the death of pious", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3670835", "score": "1.018807", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (US TV series)", "text": "Hathaway family patriarch Judge Daniel Hathaway. Judge Hathaway had three adult children: Julian (James Mitchell), a professor of literature at the local university, Kate (Diana van der Vlis), a sympathetic but sexually repressed law student, and Allison (Louise Shaffer), the liberated feminist black sheep of the family. In the first episode, Allison returned to Northcross for her father's funeral, having left town years before with her sister's fiancée Roy Archer (Stephen Joyce). Intrigued by the new family dynamic, Allison and Roy decided to settle down in the Hathaway mansion, much to the chagrin of Kate, Julian, and the family's cantankerous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3670836", "score": "1.0177661", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Searching for David's Heart", "text": "is hit by a car on his sister Darcy's birthday. Darcy's mother and father decide to donate his heart to a transplant organization. She and her best friend Sam find out David and the one who received his heart are nothing alike, which becomes very devastating to Darcy. However, the experience helps bring the shattered family back together and start to heal. For her critically acclaimed performance, Panabaker won a Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries or Special – Leading Young Actress. Searching for David's Heart Searching for David's Heart is a young-adult novel by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5433544", "score": "1.0068917", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "of the Bible to people she meets. When they first meet, Sister Husband \"mistakes\" Novalee for a girl named Ruth Ann Mott and gives Novalee a Welcome Wagon basket. She also meets Moses Whitecotton, a photographer who shoots portraits at the Wal-Mart. Moses tells Novalee to give her baby a name \"that will mean something\" and \"withstand a lot of bad times\", as well as a photo album. He later becomes Novalee's mentor as she becomes more invested in photography. In addition, she also meets Benny Goodluck, a Native American boy, who gives Novalee a buckeye tree for good luck.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822321", "score": "1.0067737", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (US TV series)", "text": "adopted Ellie's mute son Peter (Michael Bersell). Peter's muteness was psychosomatic, having developed after he witnessed a deadly fire involving his Aunt Margaret Jardin (Rue McClanahan), who had an incestuous attachment to her brother Robert (Keith Charles), Peter's father. When Robert failed to return his sister's feelings, she ran him down with a car and killed him. Peter also died in a tragic accident, and Kate, unable to cope with all the tragedy around her, began to display increasingly erratic behavior, hearing voices and acting lewdly. Kate feared that she was dying from the same brain aneurysm that claimed the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3670842", "score": "1.0001472", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Searching for David's Heart", "text": "find some closure. Darcy embarks on a wild adventure with her best friend, Sam. She goes on a journey with Sam and finds the recipient of David's heart, Winston Pawling. \"Searching for David's Heart\" was made into a made-for-TV movie that premiered on ABC Family in 2004. It is about a teenage girl, Darcy Deeton (played by Danielle Panabaker), who is dealing with the death of her brother, David. She goes on a journey with her best friend Sam (played by Ricky Ullman) to find the person who received David's heart. In the movie, Darcy's brother is killed after he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5433543", "score": "0.99577796", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Square Dance (film)", "text": "Square Dance (film) Square Dance (television broadcast title: Home Is Where the Heart Is) is a 1987 American drama film written by Alan Hines, who also wrote the novel of the same name. The film was directed by Daniel Petrie and released on February 20, 1987. It is primarily remembered for having earned Rob Lowe his only Golden Globe Award nomination for a film role. Gemma Dillard (Winona Ryder) is a 13-year-old country girl who lives with her Grandpa Dillard (Jason Robards) on a farm in the Texas Panhandle. Gemma is visited by her mother who lives in Dallas with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3246698", "score": "0.9951818", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "she used to stay. Sister eventually becomes a mother figure to Novalee and her daughter over the course of the plot. Willy Jack becomes a talented musician while locked up and once he gets out he immediately tries to get an agent to represent him. The only one who agrees to give him a chance is Ruth Meyers who soon makes him famous using the alias \"Billy Shadow\". Three years have passed and Novalee has steadily becoming a talented photographer alongside Moses Whitecotton. She takes pictures at many different events and is also hired by many people to take their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822325", "score": "0.99511385", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (UK TV series)", "text": "Where the Heart Is (UK TV series) Where the Heart Is is a British television family drama series set in the Yorkshire town of Skelthwaite. First shown in 1997, it was created by Ashley Pharoah and Vicky Featherstone and focuses on the professional and personal lives of the district nurses who work in the town. The original leads were Sarah Lancashire and Pam Ferris, who played sisters-in-law and colleagues at the Skelthwaite Health Centre. Both actresses had left the series by 2000, but the format of at least two female leads continued with various actresses until the show's end. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6125199", "score": "0.9914044", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (novel)", "text": "Novalee and Willy Jack, her then boyfriend, traveling from Tennessee to California. Letts describes Novalee's relationships with the number 7; at the age of 7 her mother ran off with a baseball umpire named Fred, her best friend in seventh grade got arrested and a crazy customer at her cafe job cut her from wrist to elbow and took fifty-five stitches to close her up.\" Novalee makes Willy Jack place his hand on her stomach so that he can feel the baby's heart. Even though he obviously does, he says that he feels nothing. Novalee convinces Willy Jack to stop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6822319", "score": "0.98790294", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Where the Heart Is (2008 TV series)", "text": "ran away from home after quarrelling with her parents. Unfortunately she lands herself into trouble after having an affair with her married boss and word got out. The incident drove a wedge between her and her domineering first sister-in-law Ah Ling. As the five siblings go about their separate lives, they all soon discover that indeed, there is no place like home. Where the Heart Is (2008 TV series) Where The Heart Is (simplified Chinese: 大城情事) is a Chinese drama which was co-produced by Media Prima Berhad and MediaCorp TV. It was screened on every weekday night, 9:45 pm. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14240588", "score": "0.9859856", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Olney Theatre Center", "text": "the Olney Theatre and began its first summer course there on June 20, 1938. The class was taught by Dorothy Martin and George Vivian. Olney Theatre's first production, \"The Lady Has a Heart\", had its first performance on July 25, 1938. The play was about a butler who was elected to the parliament of Hungary on a modified New Deal platform. The first show was sold out. Elissa Landi and Leslie Denison starred, along with Gordon Richards, Howard Ferguson, and Zoyla Talma. Olney Theatre had a rustic feel, with inverted peach baskets serving as chandeliers and an open-air lobby with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4756300", "score": "0.9839357", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "flag of Vietnam", "Vietnam", "The flag of Vietnam" ]

[ { "title": "Service flag", "text": "Service flag A service flag or service banner is a banner that family members of those serving in the United States Armed Forces can display. The flag or banner is officially defined as a white field with a red border, with a blue star for each family member serving in the Armed Forces of the United States during any period of war or hostilities. A gold star (with a blue edge) represents a family member that died during Military Operations. This includes those who lost their lives during World War I, World War II, or during any subsequent period of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3696126", "score": "0.975518", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Service flag", "text": "as Gold Star Mother's and Family's Day. All fifty U.S. states and Guam offer some form of a specialty license plate for motor vehicles owned by members of Gold Star families. Service flag A service flag or service banner is a banner that family members of those serving in the United States Armed Forces can display. The flag or banner is officially defined as a white field with a red border, with a blue star for each family member serving in the Armed Forces of the United States during any period of war or hostilities. A gold star (with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3696137", "score": "0.9707023", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Flag of China", "text": "of the customs vessel. Flag of China The flag of China, also known as the Five-starred Red Flag, is a red field charged in the canton (upper corner nearest the flagpole) with five golden stars. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in a semicircle set off towards the fly (the side farthest from the flag pole). The red represents the communist revolution; the five stars and their relationship represent the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The first flag was hoisted by the People's Liberation Army (PLA)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13953767", "score": "0.97060925", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Flag of the Soviet Union", "text": "a gold sickle placed beneath a gold-bordered red star. This symbol is in the upper left canton of the red flag. The colour red honours the red flag of the Paris Commune of 1871 and the red star and hammer and sickle are symbols of communism and socialism. The hammer symbolises urban industrial workers while the sickle symbolises agricultural workers (peasants)—who together, as the Proletarian class, form the state. The red star represents the Communist Party, and its position over hammer and sickle symbolises its leading role in socialist society to unify and enlighten the workers and peasants in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1066541", "score": "0.9650427", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Flags of the Soviet Republics", "text": "Flags of the Soviet Republics The Flags of the Soviet Socialist Republics were all defaced versions of the flag of the Soviet Union, which featured a golden hammer and sickle, (the only exception being the Georgian SSR, which used a red hammer and sickle), and a gold-bordered red star on a red field. When Byelorussia and Ukraine were the founding members of the United Nations in 1945, all of their flags were red with only small markings in upper left corners and needed distinct flags for each other. In February 1947, with UN pressure, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3306512", "score": "0.9596617", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Flag of China", "text": "Flag of China The flag of China, also known as the Five-starred Red Flag, is a red field charged in the canton (upper corner nearest the flagpole) with five golden stars. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in a semicircle set off towards the fly (the side farthest from the flag pole). The red represents the communist revolution; the five stars and their relationship represent the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The first flag was hoisted by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) on a pole overlooking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13953733", "score": "0.9356122", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Flag", "text": "to a vehicle via a polypropylene pole and clip window attachment. In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom, a pair of red-yellow flags is used to mark the limits of the bathing area on a beach, usually guarded by surf lifesavers. If the beach is closed, the poles of the flags are crossed. The flags are coloured with a red triangle and a yellow triangle making a rectangular flag, or a red rectangle over a yellow rectangle. On many Australian beaches there is a slight variation with beach condition signaling. A red flag signifies a closed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "146150", "score": "0.9313943", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Flag of Eritrea", "text": "green. The yellow star in the red triangle symbolised the country's rich mineral resources. After Eritrea was proclaimed an independent nation, the flag was modified and its first official hoisting was performed on May 24, 1993. In the red triangle, a gold wreath symbol with 14 leaves on each side, derived from the 1952 flag, replaced the gold star of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front's flag. In 1995 the number of leaves in the wreath were standardised. The 30 leaves symbolise the number of years spent in civil war before achieving independence. The flag's length to breadth ratio was changed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2615046", "score": "0.9272708", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Flag of Australia", "text": "Flag of Australia The flag of Australia is a defaced Blue Ensign: a blue field with the Union Jack in the canton (upper hoist quarter), and a large white seven-pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star in the lower hoist quarter. The fly contains a representation of the Southern Cross constellation, made up of five white stars – one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars. There are other official flags representing Australia, its people and core functions of government. The flag's original design (with a six-pointed Commonwealth Star) was chosen in 1901 from entries in a competition held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7785033", "score": "0.9177386", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Flag of Vietnam", "text": "The flag of Vietnam, or \"red flag with a gold star\" (cờ đỏ sao vàng), was designed in 1940 and used during an uprising against French rule in southern Vietnam that year. Red symbolizes the goals of social revolution behind the Vietnamese, national uprising. The star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, businesspeople and military personnel.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "British ensign", "text": "Mediterranean, while the blue patrolled the south Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The flags of the various former British colonies often have grounds of the same colour as their protective squadron. Hence Bermuda has a red ground and Australia and New Zealand blue. Canada's flag was a red ensign from founding until the adoption of the more familiar maple leaf flag in 1965. The flag of the United States also follows this pattern; early flags of the American Revolution were modified Red Ensigns. The Grand Union Flag added six white stripes to the Red Ensign; this flag was used during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1826664", "score": "0.9175286", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Star of India (flag)", "text": "Blue Ensign was used for military and naval purposes, the Red Ensign was used for representing India in most international events. The Star of India had a sunburst with the words \"Heaven's Light Our Guide\" around them, and was the badge of the Order of the Star of India, a chivalric order of knighthood. A blue state (government) ensign also existed, and was defaced with a lion holding a Tudor Crown. The Star of India flags were replaced by the Tiranga (Indian Tricolour) after Independence on 15 August 1947 in the independent Dominion of India, and by the Flag of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10477861", "score": "0.9169085", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Red flag (idiom)", "text": "of real flags throughout history. The semaphore red flag (or red light) on railways means an immediate stop, while a red flag is frequently flown by armed forces to warn the public of live fire exercises in progress, and is sometimes flown by ships carrying munitions (in this context it is actually the flag for the letter B in the International maritime signal flag alphabet, a red swallow-tailed flag). In many countries a red flag is flown to signify that an outdoor shooting range is in use. The United States Air Force refers to its largest annual exercise as red", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6150463", "score": "0.9165405", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Flags of the Soviet Republics", "text": "defaced with the ASSR name in its own language(s) and the official language of the SSR; flags matching this pattern are not displayed in the gallery below: Flags of the Soviet Republics The Flags of the Soviet Socialist Republics were all defaced versions of the flag of the Soviet Union, which featured a golden hammer and sickle, (the only exception being the Georgian SSR, which used a red hammer and sickle), and a gold-bordered red star on a red field. When Byelorussia and Ukraine were the founding members of the United Nations in 1945, all of their flags were red", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3306516", "score": "0.91145205", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Flag of Yugoslavia", "text": "has a border of golden-yellow. The red star is placed in the center of the flag where the intersections of the corners meet. In the 1963 and 1974 constitutions, the specifications and design of the flag did not change. Other sources state that the red star is placed in a circle that has a diameter of of the flag's hoist (width). The size of the golden-yellow border was not defined in the 1946 Constitution. Flag of Yugoslavia The flag of Yugoslavia was the official flag of the Yugoslav state from 1918 to 1992. The flag's design and symbolism are derived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14600707", "score": "0.91142327", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Flag of New South Wales", "text": "1865 in which all colonial vessels should \"wear the Blue/Red Ensign with the seal or badge of the colony in the fly thereof\". New South Wales then adopted a second flag in 1870 and it was almost identical to that of Victoria (with gold stars; 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 points). This flag was also a defaced British Blue Ensign with the \"Governor's Badge\" located in the fly. The badge was the Southern Cross and an imperial crown situated above the Southern Cross. The difference between this flag and that of the Victorian flag was that the stars were gold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3396138", "score": "0.9106874", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Flag of Tunisia", "text": "disk or a small yellow disk within a larger red disk. The first yellow stripe contains three red stars and two blue disks. The second stripe, red in color, contains three green disksand two white stars. The third stripe (second yellow one) is identical to the first, with the exception that the star in its center is white, while the fourth stripe (second white one) is identical to the 2nd stripe. Several Muslim countries along the south coast of the Mediterranean Sea used a red flag similar to the flag of the Ottoman Empire. After the destruction of the Tunisian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2478239", "score": "0.90666306", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Flag of North Korea", "text": "KPA used by Kim Jong-un, which has the Supreme Commander's arms on a red field. KPA Guards units use the same common design but with the national arms at the center of the obverse field. Flag of North Korea The flag of North Korea, also known as the Ramhongsaek Konghwagukgi (; literally \"blue and red-colored flag of the republic\"), consists of a central red panel, bordered both above and below by a narrow white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The central red panel bears a five-pointed red star within a white circle near the hoist. This flag is banned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1414303", "score": "0.9063208", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "War of Independence Ribbon", "text": "father, a mother, a brother or a sister) is entitled to submit an application requesting the ribbon, or get a replacement in the event of loss or wear and tear. Ribbon The ribbon is dark blue with a single red stripe in the middle and two white stripes on either end with a light blue strip between each pair. The ribbon represents the flag and Sate of Israel and the red represents all those who lost their lives during the war. Clasps War of Independence Ribbon The War of Independence Ribbon (also known as \"freedom star\" ribbon) is an Israeli", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20957321", "score": "0.9058111", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "British ensign", "text": "several Commonwealth realms, fly the Red Ensign defaced by the badge of their territory. The Red Ensign undefaced is for the use of all other British merchant navy ships and private craft. The Red Ensign is the correct flag to be worn as courtesy flag by foreign private vessels in United Kingdom waters. Merchant vessels from British overseas territories and Crown dependencies are entitled to red ensigns defaced with the badge of their territory. The flag of the British East India Company, like the Cambridge or Grand Union Flag of the American colonies, had a red and white striped field.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1826658", "score": "0.9031685", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Flag of Washington, D.C.", "text": "base, or lowest white space, is of the hoist. The three five-pointed stars have a diameter of of the hoist and are spaced equidistant in the fly, or horizontal, dimension of the flag. In 2002, the D.C. Council debated a proposal to change the flag in protest of the District's lack of voting rights in Congress. The new design would have added the letters \"D.C.\" to the center star and the words \"Taxation Without Representation\" in white to the two red bars, a slogan already in use on the District's license plates. The change presumably would have been temporary and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2734115", "score": "0.90266025", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Flag of Somaliland", "text": "flag is red, many versions have been seen with a clear orange color instead. Another variation is the orientation of the star, many Somaliland flags have the star pointing the opposite direction from other flags, this upside-down star version is used quite widely. Some flags have a plain green band, without the Shahada, hence may be exempt from the half-mast rule (although this is unclear); other flags have the Shahada written along the full length of the green stripe. Most Somaliland flags are of the ratio 2:1. It is based on the official ratio of the Union Flag of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5441550", "score": "0.9025157", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Flag of Australia", "text": "by 66%, with 5% uncommitted. The connection with the Australian flag is also notable the highest response to it is \"extremely proud\" and it is the \"most embraced Australian symbol.\" Flag of Australia The flag of Australia is a defaced Blue Ensign: a blue field with the Union Jack in the canton (upper hoist quarter), and a large white seven-pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star in the lower hoist quarter. The fly contains a representation of the Southern Cross constellation, made up of five white stars – one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars. There are other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7785086", "score": "0.90176713", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "United Nations Honour Flag", "text": "United Nations, and it was officially adopted in several countries starting with New Zealand. By a motion in the United States Senate, the flag was flown in thousands of towns to celebrate V-E Day. At the United Nations Conference on International Organization, where there was a golden motif, the red bars were substituted with gold, while some nations preferred green and blue bars. Additional names include Friendship Flag, Freedom Flag, Goodwill Flag, Flag of Four Freedoms. It is regarded as a symbol of the Allied Forces of World War II. The flag is listed at the online Dictionary of Vexillology", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15750487", "score": "0.89931947", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "4th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops", "text": "National Flag\" pattern, meaning that they were patterned after the first national flag authorized for the new Confederate Government. The new Confederate Banner, often referred to as the \"Stars and Bars\", consisted of \"a red field, with a white space extending horizontally through the center, equal in width to one third the width of the flag, and red spaces above and below to the same width as the white, the union blue extending blue extending down through the white space and stopping in the lower red space, in the center of the union, a circle of white stars corresponding in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15239575", "score": "0.89911574", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Red star", "text": "most well-known include the current state flag of California (echoing the Californian red star flag of 1836) and the flag of New Zealand (designed in 1869, officially adopted in 1902). The flag of the District of Columbia (designed in 1921, adopted in 1938) recalls George Washington's coat of arms. The crescent moon and star was a symbol used by the Ottoman Empire. Various states with Ottoman history have thus adopted this symbol into their present-day flags. The red star was adopted as the symbol of the International Red Star Alliance, a Geneva international treaty signed in 1914 with the purpose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3298371", "score": "0.8957596", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "National flag", "text": "and both have the Southern Cross as a prominent feature. The only differences between these flags is that the Australian flag has the Commonwealth Star below the canton, and that on the New Zealand flag, just four stars in the Southern Cross are presented, and they are five-pointed red stars with white borders. On the other hand, all five stars of the Southern Cross are presented on the Australian flag, and they are white with seven points, except for the additional smaller fifth star in the Southern Cross which has only five points on this flag. Some similarities to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289662", "score": "0.8955143", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Lajas, Puerto Rico", "text": "Vargas Morales, from the Popular Democratic Party, were elected as District Senators. The flag consists of three (3) horizontal stripes; the superior one green, the center white and the bottom one yellow. A fourth cross. In the center of that cross we have two arms united with a ripe yellow pineapple. The cross is surrounded by eleven gold stars; five in the superior (north) part and six in the inferior (south) part of the cross forming a circle. The body is gold with a green band crossing it diagonally right to left; the color gold stands for the wealth of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1981855", "score": "0.89368176", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Red star", "text": "resistance against fascism and Nazism. On March 21, 2011, Slovenia issued a two-euro commemorative coin to mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of Franc Rozman, a partizan commander, featuring a large star that represented a red star. Emblems and flags where the red stars displayed are not five-pointed are much rarer. Among these the following deserve mention. Red star A red star, five-pointed and filled (★), is an important symbol often associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with hammer and sickle. It has been widely used in flags, state emblems, monuments, ornaments, and logos. Red Star is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3298377", "score": "0.8933226", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Flag of Pakistan", "text": "points of the heraldic star and star lies with one point on the diagonal L3 at point P3 where the circle C1 intersects the diagonal L3. The flag is colored in Pakistan green having standard RGB values (red = 0, green = 102, blue = 0) or with hex triplet #006600 or the HSV value = (h = 120, s = 100, v = 40). The left strip, the star and the crescent are painted in white. The flag is supported from left white side. The Interior Ministry of Pakistan provides dimensions for flags in different circumstances: The use of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2322380", "score": "0.8928162", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "six", "20" ]

[ { "title": "Terry's Chocolate Orange", "text": "round for long\"\" (some include the \"Countdown\" timer music). The newest advertising campaign in the United Kingdom features various situations in which people are trying to break the segments of their Terry's Chocolate Orange apart with the slogan \"\"Smash it to pieces, love it to bits\"\". On 29 May 2016, the UK product size was reduced from 175g to 157g by changing the moulded shape of each segment to leave an air gap between each piece. Terry's Chocolate Orange Terry's Chocolate Orange is a chocolate product created by Terry's in 1932 at the Chocolate Works factory in York, England. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3803376", "score": "1.25851", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Terry's Chocolate Orange", "text": "Terry's Chocolate Orange Terry's Chocolate Orange is a chocolate product created by Terry's in 1932 at the Chocolate Works factory in York, England. It was made by Mondelēz International from 2012 to 2017. As of spring 2017, it is made by Carambar & Co. The company opened the Art Deco-style factory The Chocolate Works in 1926, and began launching new products. These included the Dessert Chocolate Apple (1926), Terry's All Gold (1931) and the Chocolate Orange (1932). At the onset of World War II, confectionery production was immediately halted. The factory was taken over by F. Hills and Sons of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3803372", "score": "1.0980365", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Terry's Chocolate Orange", "text": "\"Tap and Unwrap\" or \"Whack and Unwrap\"). There have been a number of spin-off products, currently including: The Chocolate Orange product is known for its unusual marketing, which is usually at its heaviest around Christmas. At one time it was estimated that the Chocolate Orange was found in a tenth of British Christmas stockings. Actress Dawn French has fronted numerous campaigns for the brand, often in a posed scene of defending and hiding \"her\" Chocolate Orange from others. Famous marketing phrases include: More recent advertisements (after the rebranding) do not feature French and contain the new slogan \"\"Round but not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3803375", "score": "1.0794992", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Chocolate Works", "text": "of increased production of the chocolate orange. In 1975, Terry's was acquired by United Biscuits, forming the bulk of their confectionery division. After UB ran into financial difficulties in the early 1990s, they sold their entire confectionery division to Kraft Foods, who amalgamated it with Jacobs Suchard to create Terry's Suchard. From 2000, the company brand was changed from \"Terry's of York\" to simply \"Terry's\", reducing the company's links to the city. Production was also scaled back, with just UK products and Terry's Chocolate Orange, Terry's All Gold and Twilight made for the international market. In 2004, Kraft Foods decided", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16618143", "score": "1.0498351", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Terry's Chocolate Orange", "text": "Manchester as a shadow factory to manufacture and repair aircraft propeller blades. With the factory handed back to the company post-war, production was difficult due to continued rationing in the United Kingdom, and limited imports of raw cocoa. In 1954, production of the chocolate apple was phased out in favour of increased production of the chocolate orange. In the North American market, where it has had a variety of importers over the years, it was briefly sold as a Tobler (maker of the Toblerone) product. Chocolate oranges appeared on the South Korean market in the GS25 chain of convenience stores", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3803373", "score": "0.9900119", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "Terry's Terry's was a British chocolate and confectionery maker based in York, England. It was founded in 1767 and in 1993 it was taken over by Kraft Foods. The company's headquarters, later renamed The Chocolate Works factory, was closed by Kraft in 2005; products using the Terry's brand name are now produced in Kraft facilities in Poland, Sweden, Belgium, and Slovakia. The Terry's name became part of Mondelēz International in 2012 and part of Carambar & Co in 2016. Their best known products include Terry's Chocolate Orange (1931), and Terry's All Gold box of assorted chocolates, which was also introduced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913265", "score": "0.95389473", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Terry's All Gold", "text": "Terry's All Gold Terry's All Gold is an assorted chocolate box originally made by Terry's, now by Mondelēz International. The archives of Kraft Foods (now Mondelēz) list it as having been introduced in the United Kingdom in 1931, other sources give the date as 1932 or 1936, and it has since been a \"top brand\". Advertising slogans used for the product include \"\"See the face you love light up with Terry's All Gold.\"\" They are sold in boxes of or . A 380 g box contains 1938 calories. Terry's All Gold was the sponsor of the Ebor Handicap at York", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13878562", "score": "0.927534", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "Ltd. in 1977. United Biscuits (Holdings) Ltd. (UB) acquired Joseph Terry & Sons Ltd. from Colgate in 1982; Terry's formed the bulk of their confectionery division. After UB ran into financial difficulties in the 1990s, they sold their confectionery division to Kraft Foods in 1993. Kraft amalgamated Terry's with Jacobs Suchard to create Terry's Suchard. From 2000, the company brand was changed from Terry's of York to Terry's, reducing the company's links with York. Production was also scaled back to UK products and Terry's Chocolate Orange, Terry's All Gold, and Twilight made for the international market. In 2004, Kraft Foods", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913273", "score": "0.91306466", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Yorkshire and the Humber", "text": "Hayange). \"Terry's Chocolate Orange\", first made in 1932, are now made since 2005 by Kraft Foods Polska at Fabryka w Jankowicach in Jankowice, having been bought by Kraft in 1993; \"Smarties\", first made in York in 1937, since 2006 are made at Chocoladen-Werk Hamburg, with the brand being owned by Nestlé since 1988; the Nestlé Deutschland site also makes \"Kit Kat\", first made in 1935 and named in 1937, and \"After Eight\", first made in 1962. Mackintosh's of Halifax invented Quality Street in 1936, Rolo in 1937, Munchies in 1957, Caramac in 1959, and Toffee Crisp in 1963. Rowntree's invented", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "636680", "score": "0.9113387", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Terry's Chocolate Orange", "text": "The Terry's Chocolate Orange comprises an orange-shaped ball of chocolate mixed with orange oil, divided into 20 segments, similar to a real orange, and wrapped in orange-skin patterned foil. When packaged, the segments are stuck together firmly in the centre; therefore, prior to unwrapping, the ball is traditionally tapped severely on a hard surface to cause the segments to separate from each other (dubbed \"Tap and Unwrap\" or \"Whack and Unwrap\").", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "resumed family control of the business. They restructured the company, launched new products, and bought a site in Bishopthorpe Road, York, on which to develop a new factory known as Terry's Chocolate Works. The new factory was built in an Art Deco style and included a distinctive clock tower. It was opened in 1926; new products included the Chocolate Apple (1926), Terry's Chocolate Orange (1931), and Terry's All Gold, which were developed and produced onsite. With the onset of the Second World War The factory was taken over by F. Hills and Sons of Manchester as a shadow factory to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913271", "score": "0.90488464", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Joseph Terry", "text": "Terry's became established as a solely chocolate manufacturer in 1886 when Joseph built a specialized section in the Clementhorpe factory specifically to manufacture cocoa products to compete against such companies as Fry's, Cadbury's and Rowntree's. It would be at this factory that the now commonplace chocolate box assortment was invented, with the first named \"Britannia\". The company applied for its first trademark in 1876 under the name \"Joseph Terry's and Sons.\" In 1895 it incorporated as Joseph Terry & Sons Ltd., by which time it had around 500 employees. Terry also converted the historically successful St Helen's Square premises into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11759845", "score": "0.8998283", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pal-o-mine", "text": "Pal-o-mine Pal-o-Mine is a chocolate bar consisting of a peanut fudge middle covered in dark chocolate. The standard 55 gram package includes two pieces. It is produced by Ganong in New Brunswick, Canada. Arthur Ganong used to go fishing with Ganong chocolatier George Ensor, and they would take chunks of chocolate along in their pockets. However, they found that the chocolate would melt in their pockets and make a mess, so they wrapped bars of chocolate in cellophane. In 1898, Ganong started selling individually-wrapped chocolate bars, the first company to do so in North America. In 1910, Ganong added nuts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16564317", "score": "0.873021", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Reese's Pieces", "text": "success its product sales dramatically increased, perhaps as much as 300%. In 2010, The Hershey Company expanded the \"Pieces\" line to include York Peppermint Pattie Pieces, Hershey's Special Dark Pieces, and Almond Joy Pieces. Hershey's Milk Chocolate with Almonds Pieces became the fourth expansion of this line in 2012. Reese's Pieces Reese's Pieces are a peanut butter candy manufactured by The Hershey Company; they are oblate spheroid in shape and covered in candy shells that are colored yellow, orange, or brown. They can be purchased in plastic packets, cardboard boxes, or cup-shaped travel containers. The candy was introduced in 1977,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3523808", "score": "0.8571325", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "decided to absorb Terry's, move production of remaining products such as All Gold and Chocolate Orange to factories in Belgium, Sweden, Poland, and Slovakia, and close the plant. The factory closed on 30 September 2005 with the loss of 316 jobs. In 2012, Kraft split into two companies; one called Kraft Foods Group and the other called Mondelēz International. After the split, Terry's became part of Mondelēz. In 2016, Terry's was one of a number of brands acquired by the Eurazeo and it subsequently became part of Carambar & Co. The business was based in St Helen’s Square as early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913274", "score": "0.8500269", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Neapolitans (chocolate)", "text": "Neapolitans (chocolate) Neapolitans were individually wrapped square/rectangular pieces of chocolate. They were produced in several different flavours and by numerous confectionery companies. Neapolitans were used by hotels and coffee shops (often served with a cup of coffee) and when used for promotional purposes may feature packaging with personalised branding. They were also sold in boxes of assorted flavours. Terry's of York, England, first produced Neapolitans in 1899. The company was sold to Kraft Foods in 1993 and Terry's Neapolitans were discontinued in 2005 when their York factory was closed. The flavours were: Terry's also produced a selection of mint-flavoured neapolitans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10509827", "score": "0.83800447", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Chocolate Works", "text": "included a distinct clock tower. Opened in 1926, new products including the Chocolate Apple (1926), Terry's Chocolate Orange (1931), and Terry's All Gold were all developed and produced onsite. With the onset of World War II, confectionery production was immediately halted. The factory was taken over by F Hills and Sons of Manchester as a shadow factory, to manufacturer and repair aircraft propeller blades. With the factory handed back to the company post-war, production was difficult due to rationing and limited imports of raw cocoa. As a result, in 1954 production of the chocolate apple was phased out in favour", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16618142", "score": "0.8354675", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "South Bank, York", "text": "South Bank, York South Bank is an area to the south of the River Ouse in York. The area is dominated by the disused Terry's chocolate factory, The Chocolate Works, and the numerous streets of terraced housing that surround it. The Chocolate Works factory opened in 1926, where over the years it manufactured Terry's Chocolate Orange, Terry's All Gold and York Fruits. Terry's was acquired by Kraft Foods in 1993, who decided in 2004 to switch production of remaining products All Gold and Chocolate Orange to factories in Belgium, Sweden, Poland and Slovakia, and close the plant. The factory closed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8984051", "score": "0.8339448", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "manufacture and repair aircraft propeller blades. Confectionery production continued but was done for other companies; the Clementhorpe factory produced jellies for Chivers and Sons whilst chocolate was manufactured for Charbonnel et Walker. Production also included chocolate for troop and lifeboat rations. After the war ended, the factory was handed back to the company. Production was difficult because of rationing and limited imports of raw cocoa. As a result, in 1954 production of the chocolate apple was phased out in favour of increased production of the chocolate orange. The Colgate-Palmolive Company acquired Joseph Terry & Sons Ltd. from Trust House Forte", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913272", "score": "0.8288388", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "United States military chocolate", "text": "designed for issue with field and specialty rations, such as the K ration, and originally came in 1-ounce (28 g) and 2-ounce (56 g) sizes. After 1945, it came in 4-ounce (112 g) D ration sizes as well. The Tropical Bar (it was called the D ration throughout the war, despite its new appellation) had more of a resemblance to normal chocolate bars in its shape and flavor than the original D ration, which it gradually replaced by 1945. While attempts to sweeten its flavor were somewhat successful, nearly all U.S. soldiers found the Tropical Bar tough to chew and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5968070", "score": "0.82585263", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Types of chocolate", "text": "are produced by varying the quantities of the different ingredients. Other flavours can be obtained by varying the time and temperature when roasting the beans. Flavours such as mint, vanilla, coffee, orange, or strawberry are sometimes added to chocolate in a creamy form or in very small pieces. Chocolate bars frequently contain added ingredients such as peanuts, nuts, fruit, caramel, and crisped rice. Pieces of chocolate, in various flavours, are sometimes added to breakfast cereals and ice cream. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the naming and ingredients of cocoa products: In March 2007, the Chocolate Manufacturers Association,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8599634", "score": "0.82195824", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Chocolate Castle", "text": "own puzzles. Further rooms created by other players can be obtained from Lexaloffle's bulletin board system online. Four varieties of chocolate are found scattered around the castle rooms' floors, along with four species of animal. Each animal type can only eat chocolate of the same color. The player must slide all of the chocolate pieces into large blocks before maneuvering the appropriate animal next to the bar in order to consume it. Animals can only eat one piece of chocolate of any size before being removed from play. Animals and chocolate can be dragged across rooms via the player's mouse.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13222466", "score": "0.82188344", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Chocolate Works", "text": "The Chocolate Works The Chocolate Works was the confectionery factory of Terry's of York, England. Opened in 1926, it closed in 2005 with the loss of 300 jobs, with production moved to other Kraft Foods sites in mainland Europe. Today, the site is being redeveloped as a mixed-use residential/commercial real estate development. In 1923, Frank and Noel Terry joined the family business, \"Terry's of York\". They revamped the company, launching new products, and bought a site off Bishopthorpe Road, York on which to develop a new factory. Built in an Art Deco style, the factory known as \"The Chocolate Works\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16618141", "score": "0.81998694", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Cocoa bean", "text": "one pound (454 grams) of chocolate. Cocoa pods weigh an average of and each one yields dried beans; this yield is 40–44% of the total weight in the pod. One person can separate the beans from about 2000 pods per day. The wet beans are then transported to a facility so they can be fermented and dried. The farmer removes the beans from the pods, packs them into boxes or heaps them into piles, then covers them with mats or banana leaves for three to seven days. Finally, the beans are trodden and shuffled about (often using bare human feet)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "649282", "score": "0.819985", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Reese's Pieces", "text": "Reese's Pieces Reese's Pieces are a peanut butter candy manufactured by The Hershey Company; they are oblate spheroid in shape and covered in candy shells that are colored yellow, orange, or brown. They can be purchased in plastic packets, cardboard boxes, or cup-shaped travel containers. The candy was introduced in 1977, and introduced to Canada in 1980. The then relatively new product became very popular with the 1982 release of \"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\", in which the candy is featured. These are also sold in the UK, but still manufactured in the US. They contain genetically modified sugar beets, corn, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3523805", "score": "0.81812143", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "Works. In February 2010, planning permission for a £165 million redevelopment of the site as a mixed-use of residential, commercial and leisure was given. Redevelopment started in 2011 with the removal of asbestos and the demolition of non-scheduled buildings in early 2012. The main factory building underwent a £38 million redevelopment in which it was renamed as The Residence and the first apartments were made available in 2016. The main office building was converted into The Chocolate Works Care Village which opened in 2017. Sir Joseph Terry was Lord Mayor of York in 1874, 1885–86 and 1890. Sir Francis Terry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913278", "score": "0.8179901", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ratio", "text": "ratio. For example, in a ratio of 2:3, the amount, size, volume, or quantity of the first entity is formula_6 that of the second entity. If there are 2 oranges and 3 apples, the ratio of oranges to apples is 2:3, and the ratio of oranges to the total number of pieces of fruit is 2:5. These ratios can also be expressed in fraction form: there are 2/3 as many oranges as apples, and 2/5 of the pieces of fruit are oranges. If orange juice concentrate is to be diluted with water in the ratio 1:4, then one part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890876", "score": "0.8143918", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Chocolate Works", "text": "£165million mixed-use of residential, commercial and leisure. The eventual scheme is projected to create more than 2,700 new jobs in new and refurbished offices, two hotels, shops, bars, cafés and restaurants, over 250 homes, a nursery, care home and medical centre. Redevelopment started in 2011, with removal of asbestos by trained and certified contractors, followed by demolition of non-scheduled buildings in early 2012. In April 2013, the site was acquired by joint developers Henry Boot Developments and David Wilson Homes. The Chocolate Works The Chocolate Works was the confectionery factory of Terry's of York, England. Opened in 1926, it closed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16618145", "score": "0.81147945", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "chemist, Joseph developed new lines of chocolate, confectionery, sugared sweets, candied peel, marmalade, and medicated lozenges. He began using the developing railway network of the North Eastern Railway to distribute his products in the North of England and in London. After Joseph Terry died in 1850 the company was in the control of solicitors and executors until 1854 when it was handed over to his sons Joseph Jnr, Robert, and John. Joseph quickly expanded the business; four years later he moved production to a leased site at Clementhorpe, beside the River Ouse. This allowed easy shipment of raw products into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913268", "score": "0.80376804", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Terry's", "text": "(Frank Terry) was High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1945–46 and Peter Terry, son of Noel Terry, was High Sheriff of North Yorkshire in 1980–81. Terry's Terry's was a British chocolate and confectionery maker based in York, England. It was founded in 1767 and in 1993 it was taken over by Kraft Foods. The company's headquarters, later renamed The Chocolate Works factory, was closed by Kraft in 2005; products using the Terry's brand name are now produced in Kraft facilities in Poland, Sweden, Belgium, and Slovakia. The Terry's name became part of Mondelēz International in 2012 and part of Carambar &", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7913279", "score": "0.8023225", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "endocrine regulation", "support", "production of blood cells", "protection", "storage of minerals", "movement" ]

[ { "title": "Human skeleton", "text": "Human skeleton The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum density around age 21. The human skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, the rib cage, the skull and other associated bones. The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, is formed by the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1450678", "score": "1.0699286", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Human skeleton", "text": "skeleton and other body parts, correcting some theories dating from Galen, such as the lower jaw being a single bone instead of two. Various other figures like Alessandro Achillini also contributed to the further understanding of the skeleton. Human skeleton The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum density around age 21. The human skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1450694", "score": "1.062102", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Skeleton", "text": "as in the pinnipeds (seals). In the whale, the cervical vertebrae are typically fused, an adaptation trading flexibility for stability during swimming. The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. It serves as a scaffold which supports organs, anchors muscles, and protects organs such as the brain, lungs, heart and spinal cord. Although the teeth do not consist of tissue commonly found in bones, the teeth are usually considered as members of the skeletal system. The biggest bone in the body is the femur in the upper leg, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "369017", "score": "1.0427725", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Human musculoskeletal system", "text": "bones, and sesamoid bones. The human skeleton is composed of both fused and individual bones supported by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. It is a complex structure with two distinct divisions; the axial skeleton, which includes the vertebral column, and the appendicular skeleton. The skeletal system serves as a framework for tissues and organs to attach themselves to. This system acts as a protective structure for vital organs. Major examples of this are the brain being protected by the skull and the lungs being protected by the rib cage. The pelvic bone. Located in long bones are two distinctions of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3125347", "score": "1.0389159", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bone", "text": "still cartilaginous. The following steps are followed in the conversion of cartilage to bone: Bones have a variety of functions: Bones serve a variety of mechanical functions. Together the bones in the body form the skeleton. They provide a frame to keep the body supported, and an attachment point for skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints, which function together to generate and transfer forces so that individual body parts or the whole body can be manipulated in three-dimensional space (the interaction between bone and muscle is studied in biomechanics). Bones protect internal organs, such as the skull protecting the brain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "48499", "score": "1.0313501", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Axial skeleton", "text": "with the axial skeletons of humans; however, it is important to understand the evolutionary lineage of the axial skeleton. The human axial skeleton consists of 80 different bones. It is the medial core of the body and connects the pelvis to the body, where the appendix skeleton attaches. As the skeleton grows older the bones get weaker with the exception of the skull. The skull remains strong to protect the brain from injury. The human skull consists of the cranium and the facial bones. The cranium holds and protects the brain in a large space called the cranial vault. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2945700", "score": "1.0101151", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Human musculoskeletal system", "text": "for the body, and stores minerals. The number of bones in the human skeletal system is a controversial topic. Humans are born with over 300 bones; however, many bones fuse together between birth and maturity. As a result, an average adult skeleton consists of 206 bones. The number of bones varies according to the method used to derive the count. While some consider certain structures to be a single bone with multiple parts, others may see it as a single part with multiple bones. There are five general classifications of bones. These are long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3125346", "score": "1.0014826", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Skeleton", "text": "This structure formed is porous and therefore firm and at the same time light. It coalesces into small calcareous ossicles (bony plates), which can grow in all directions and thus can replace the loss of a body part. Connected by joints, the individual skeletal parts can be moved by the muscles. In most vertebrates, the main skeletal component is referred to as bone. These bones compose a unique skeletal system for each type of animal. Another important component is cartilage which in mammals is found mainly in the joint areas. In other animals, such as the cartilaginous fishes, which include", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "369013", "score": "0.99052423", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Human body", "text": "blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body. Human anatomy is the study of the shape and form of the human body. The human body has four limbs (two arms and two legs), a head and a neck which connect to the torso. The body's shape is determined by a strong skeleton made of bone and cartilage, surrounded by fat, muscle, connective tissue, organs, and other structures. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord, which is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648888", "score": "0.9827063", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Human skeleton", "text": "The human skeleton performs six major functions; support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals, and endocrine regulation.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Bone", "text": "act as a centre for crystals to grow on. More particularly, bone mineral is formed from globular and plate structures. There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid. In the study of anatomy, anatomists use a number of anatomical terms to describe the appearance, shape and function of bones. Other anatomical terms are also used to describe the location of bones. Like other anatomical terms, many of these derive from Latin and Greek. Some anatomists still use Latin to refer to bones. The term \"osseous\", and the prefix \"osteo-\", referring to things", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "48494", "score": "0.9826842", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "De humani corporis fabrica", "text": "entire collection. It presents Vesalius' observations on human bones and cartilage, which he collected from cemeteries. It covers the physical appearance of human bones and the differentiation of human bones and cartilage by function. In each chapter Vesalius describes the bones in great detail, explaining their physical qualities in different ways. In the opening chapters, Vesalius \"gives general aspects of bones and skeletal organisation, dealing with the differences in texture, strength, and resilience between bone and cartilage; explaining the complex differences between types of joints and reviewing some basic elements of descriptive techniques and terminology.\" A major theme of this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3836344", "score": "0.9825443", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Human skeleton", "text": "human males do not have penile bones. The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed by the vertebral column (32–34 bones; the number of the vertebrae differs from human to human as the lower 2 parts, sacral and coccygeal bone may vary in length), a part of the rib cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum), and the skull (22 bones and 7 associated bones). The upright posture of humans is maintained by the axial skeleton, which transmits the weight from the head, the trunk, and the upper extremities down to the lower extremities at the hip joints. The bones", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1450680", "score": "0.98201776", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Skeleton", "text": "of a larger sesamoid bone. The patellae are counted in the total, as they are constant. The number of bones varies between individuals and with age – newborn babies have over 270 bones some of which fuse together. These bones are organized into a longitudinal axis, the axial skeleton, to which the appendicular skeleton is attached. The human skeleton takes 20 years before it is fully developed. In many animals, the skeleton bones contain marrow, which produces blood cells. There exist several general differences between the male and female skeletons. The male skeleton, for example, is generally larger and heavier", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "369020", "score": "0.9692944", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Human skeleton", "text": "cells and reducing stores of fat. Anatomical differences between human males and females are highly pronounced in some soft tissue areas, but tend to be limited in the skeleton. The human skeleton is not as sexually dimorphic as that of many other primate species, but subtle differences between sexes in the morphology of the skull, dentition, long bones, and pelvis are exhibited across human populations. In general, female skeletal elements tend to be smaller and less robust than corresponding male elements within a given population. It is not known whether or to what extent those differences are genetic or environmental.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1450685", "score": "0.9602569", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Human body", "text": "Human body The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648876", "score": "0.96011055", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Human body", "text": "to comparative physiology and ecophysiology. Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline. Human body The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648898", "score": "0.94517875", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Human skeleton", "text": "Chinese understandings are divergent, as the closest corresponding concept in the medicinal system seem to be the meridians, although given that Hua Tuo regularly performs surgery, there must be some distance between medical theory and actual understanding. Leonardo Da Vinci, among his many talents also contributed to the study of the skeleton, albeit unpublished in his time. Many artists, Antonio Pollaiuolo being the first, performed dissections for better understanding of the body, although they concentrated mostly on the muscles. Vesalius, regarded as the founder of modern anatomy authored the book \"De humani corporis fabrica\", which contained many illustrations of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1450693", "score": "0.9433358", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Skeleton", "text": "periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. There are 206 bones in the adult human body and 270 in an infant. During embryogenesis the precursor to bone development is cartilage. Much of this substance is then replaced by bone during the second and third trimester, after the flesh such as muscle has formed around it; forming the skeleton. Cartilage is a stiff and inflexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "369023", "score": "0.93580884", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Axial skeleton", "text": "cranium is formed from eight plate-shaped bones which fit together at meeting points (joints) called sutures. In addition there are 14 facial bones which form the lower front part of the skull. Together the 22 bones that compose the skull form additional, smaller spaces besides the cranial vault, such as the cavities for the eyes, the internal ear, the nose, and the mouth. The most important facial bones include the jaw or mandible, the upper jaw or maxilla, the zygomatic or cheek bone, and the nasal bone. Humans are born with separate plates which later fuse to allow flexibility as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2945701", "score": "0.93478656", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Bone", "text": "vessels and cartilage. In the human body at birth, there are over 270 bones, but many of these fuse together during development, leaving a total of 206 separate bones in the adult, not counting numerous small sesamoid bones. The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in the middle ear. The Greek word for bone is ὀστέον (\"osteon\"), hence the many terms that use it as a prefix – such as osteopathy. Bone is not uniformly solid, but consists of a flexible matrix (about 30%) and bound minerals (about 70%) which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "48476", "score": "0.93382865", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Equine anatomy", "text": "amino acids which contribute to its resilience and toughness. Vascular fold-like structures called laminae suspend the distal phalanx from the hoof wall. The skeleton of the horse has three major functions in the body. It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. Horses have , which are divided into the appendicular skeleton (the legs) and the axial skeleton (the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs). Both pelvic and thoracic limbs contain the same number of bones, per limb. Bones are connected to muscles via tendons and other bones via ligaments. Bones are also used to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8058291", "score": "0.93346727", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Axial skeleton", "text": "Axial skeleton The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate. In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and is composed of six parts; the skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column. The axial skeleton together with the appendicular skeleton form the complete skeleton. Another definition of axial skeleton is the bones including the vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, ribs, and sternum. Flat bones house the brain and other vital organs. This article mainly deals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2945699", "score": "0.93126357", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Skeletal system of the horse", "text": "cases. Skeletal system of the horse The skeletal system of the horse has three major functions in the body. It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. Horses typically have 205 bones. The pelvic limb typically contains 19 bones, while the thoracic limb contains 20 bones. Bones serve three major functions in the skeletal system; they act as levers, they store minerals, and they are the site of red blood cell formation. Bones can be classified into five categories Ligaments and tendons hold the skeletal system together. Ligaments hold bones to bones and tendons hold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10652090", "score": "0.92861646", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Skeletal system of the horse", "text": "Skeletal system of the horse The skeletal system of the horse has three major functions in the body. It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. Horses typically have 205 bones. The pelvic limb typically contains 19 bones, while the thoracic limb contains 20 bones. Bones serve three major functions in the skeletal system; they act as levers, they store minerals, and they are the site of red blood cell formation. Bones can be classified into five categories Ligaments and tendons hold the skeletal system together. Ligaments hold bones to bones and tendons hold bones", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10652082", "score": "0.92860043", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Anatomical terms of bone", "text": "Anatomical terms of bone Many anatomical terms descriptive of bone are defined in anatomical terminology, and are often derived from Greek and Latin. A long bone is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide. However, the term describes the shape of a bone, not its size, which is relative. Long bones are found in the arms (humerus, ulna, radius) and legs (femur, tibia, fibula), as well as in the fingers (metacarpals, phalanges) and toes (metatarsals, phalanges). Long bones function as levers; they move when muscles contract. They are responsible for the body's height. A short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17760725", "score": "0.9238813", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Facial skeleton", "text": "Facial skeleton The facial skeleton comprises the \"facial bones\" that may attach to build a portion of the skull. The remainder of the skull is the braincase. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the \"membranous viscerocranium\", which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase. In the human skull, the facial skeleton consists of fourteen bones in the face: Elements of the \"cartilaginous viscerocranium\" (i.e., splanchnocranial elements), such as the hyoid bone, are sometimes considered part of the facial skeleton. The ethmoid bone (or a part of it) and also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11542458", "score": "0.92043644", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Skeleton", "text": "206 bones in the adult human skeleton, although this number depends on whether the pelvic bones (the hip bones on each side) are counted as one or three bones on each side (ilium, ischium, and pubis), whether the coccyx or tail bone is counted as one or four separate bones, and does not count the variable wormian bones between skull sutures. Similarly, the sacrum is usually counted as a single bone, rather than five fused vertebrae. There is also a variable number of small sesamoid bones, commonly found in tendons. The patella or kneecap on each side is an example", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "369019", "score": "0.9188536", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Skeleton", "text": "the smallest is the stapes bone in the middle ear. In an adult, the skeleton comprises around 14% of the total body weight, and half of this weight is water. Fused bones include those of the pelvis and the cranium. Not all bones are interconnected directly: There are three bones in each middle ear called the ossicles that articulate only with each other. The hyoid bone, which is located in the neck and serves as the point of attachment for the tongue, does not articulate with any other bones in the body, being supported by muscles and ligaments. There are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "369018", "score": "0.91212857", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Anatomy", "text": "pouch where it latches on to a nipple and completes its development. Humans have the overall body plan of a mammal. Humans have a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), two arms and hands, and two legs and feet. Generally, students of certain biological sciences, paramedics, prosthetists and orthotists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, podiatrists, and medical students learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures and tutorials, and in addition, medical students generally also learn gross anatomy through practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers. The study of microscopic anatomy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9469", "score": "0.9092297", "original_retrieval_index": 45 } ]

[ "1919", "1975" ]

[ { "title": "Media psychology", "text": "Later, they began to study the impact of violent television viewing on children's behavior, for example, if they were likely to exhibit anti-social behavior or to copy the violent behaviors that they were seeing. These events led up to the creation of a new division of the American Psychological Association in 1987. Division 46, the Media Psychology Division (now the APA Society for Media Psychology and Technology), is one of the fastest growing in the American Psychological Association. Today's media psychologists study both legacy and new media forms that have risen in recent years such as cellular phone technology, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8327060", "score": "1.2538514", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "History of media studies", "text": "question of media \"effects\" on politics was left largely unaddressed until the late 1960s. Eventually Mass Communication scholars began to study political behavior again and the limited-effects model was called into question. As a response to the previous emphasis upon media effects, from the 1970s researchers became interested in how audiences make sense of media texts. The \"uses and gratifications\" model, associated with Jay Blumler and Elihu Katz, reflected this growing interest in the 'active audience'. One such example of this type of research was conducted by Hodge and Tripp, and separately Palmer, about how school-children make sense of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9784500", "score": "1.239161", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "an existing belief. Researchers examine an audience after media exposure for changes in cognition, belief systems, and attitudes, as well as emotional, physiological and behavioral effects. There are several scholarly definitions of media. Bryant and Zillmann defined media effects as \"the social, cultural, and psychological impact of communicating via the mass media\". Perse stated that media effects researchers study \"how to control, enhance, or mitigate the impact of the mass media on individuals and society\". Lang stated media effects researchers study \"what types of content, in what type of medium, affect which people, in what situations\". Media effects studies have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258141", "score": "1.2345468", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Media psychology", "text": "In the 1920s, marketing, advertising and public relations professionals began conducting research on consumer behavior and motivation for commercial applications. The use of mass media during World War II, created a surge of academic interest in mass media messaging and resulted in the creation of a new field, communication science (Lazarsfeld & Merton, 2000). The field of media psychology gained prominence n the 1950s when television was becoming popular in American households. Psychologists responded to widespread social concerns about the children and their television viewing. For example, researchers began to study the impact of television viewing on children's reading skills.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8327059", "score": "1.2090073", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "learn behaviors from observing fictitious characters. The effects of media violence upon individuals has many decades of research, starting as early as the 1920s. Children and adolescents, considered vulnerable media consumers, are often the target of these studies. Most studies of media violence surround the media categories of television and video games. The rise of the motion picture industry, coupled with advances in social sciences, spurred the famous Payne Fund studies and others. Though the quality of the research has been called into question, one of the findings suggested a direct role between movies depicting delinquent adolescents and delinquent behaviors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258157", "score": "1.2089974", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of media studies", "text": "ideas, methods and findings of Paul F. Lazarsfeld and his school: media effect studies. Their studies focused on measurable, short-term behavioral ‘effects’ of media and concluded that the media played a limited role in influencing public opinion. The \"Limited-Effects\" Model developed by Lazarsfeld and his colleagues from Columbia was highly influential in the development of media studies. The model claims the mass media has \"limited-effects\" on voting patterns. Voters are influenced, rather, through the ‘two-step flow’ model, the idea that media messages are disseminated through personal interaction with ‘opinion leaders’. The model of limited- effects was so influential that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9784499", "score": "1.2056165", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "evidence of the idiosyncratic nature of media effects on individuals and audiences, identifying numerous intervening variables, such as demographic attributes, social psychological factors, and different media use behaviors. With these new variables added to research, it was difficult to isolate media influence that resulted in any media effects to an audience's cognition, attitude and behavior. As Berelson (1959) summed up in a widely quoted conclusion: \"Some kinds of communication on some kinds of issues have brought to the attention of some kinds of people under some kinds of conditions have some kinds of effect.\" Though the concept of an all-powerful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258145", "score": "1.1844699", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "the end of the 1950s, even when balanced against some of the negative findings, gives no justification for an overall verdict of 'media importance.'\" In the 1950s and 1960s, widespread use of television indicated its unprecedented power on social lives. Meanwhile, researchers also realized that early investigations, relying heavily on psychological models, were narrowly focused on only short-term and immediate effects. The \"stimuli-reaction\" model introduced the possibility of profound long-term media effects. The shift from short-term to long-term effect studies marked the renewal of media effects research. More attention was paid to collective cultural patterns, definitions of social reality, ideology", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258147", "score": "1.1834193", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Mary Beth Oliver", "text": "State College of Communications. In 2004, she became a full professor at the Penn State College of Communications, where she became a distinguished professor in 2010. She has been the co-director of the Media Effects Research Laboratory since 2002. In the spring of 2013, she served as a visiting professor at the University of Mannheim in Mannheim, Germany. Oliver's research focuses on multiple subjects in the field of media psychology, including the relationship between media and social cognition, and that between media and emotion. She has published studies about stereotyping in the media and positive media psychology, among other topics,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004625", "score": "1.1820736", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "History of media studies", "text": "The social impact of mass communication has been studied at The New School University in New York since its founding in 1919. The first college course to investigate the motion picture was offered here in 1926. Marshall McLuhan's colleague, John Culkin, brought his Center for Understanding Media to The New School in 1975 and The New School began offering the Master of Arts degree in Media Studies, one of the first graduate programs of its kind. Today, among other programs, MA in Media Studies is still being offered by School of Media Studies, The New School, which will celebrate 40th", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of media studies", "text": "manipulation of representations. These representations may take spoken, written, pictorial or musical form.\" These definitions of propaganda clearly show that this was a school of thought that focused on media effects, as it highlighted the influence that media could have over its audiences attitudes and actions. Epitomizing this early school of media effects studies are experiments done by The Experimental Section of the Research Branch of the U.S. War Department's Information and Education Division. In the experiments, the effects of various U.S. wartime propaganda films on soldiers were observed. Current Propaganda studies are applied into many fields besides politics. Herman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9784495", "score": "1.1721525", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "increased drastically over the years, and will continue to do so as the media itself improves. Media influence is the actual force exerted by a media message, resulting in either a change or reinforcement in audience or individual beliefs. Media effects are measurable effects that result from media influence or a media message. Whether that media message has an effect on any of its audience members is contingent on many factors, including audience demographics and psychological characteristics. These effects can be positive or negative, abrupt or gradual, short-term or long-lasting. Not all effects result in change: some media messages reinforce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258140", "score": "1.1666986", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "primarily used to maintain real-life friendships among young people. Therefore, this media use may enhance the friendships. New CMC technologies are evolving at a rapid pace, calling for new media effects theories. The broad scope of media effects studies creates an organizational challenge. Organizing media effects by their targeted audience type, either on an individual (micro-level) or an audience aggregate (macro-level), is one effective method. Denis McQuail, a prominent communication theorist, organized effects into a graph. Media effects studies target either an individual (micro-level) or an audience aggregate (macro-level). Theories that base their observations and conclusions on individual media users", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258152", "score": "1.1610264", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Media system dependency theory", "text": "Media system dependency theory Media system dependency theory (MSD), or simply media dependency, was developed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin Defleur in 1976. The theory is grounded in classical sociological literature positing that media and their audiences should be studied in the context of larger social systems. MSD ties together the interrelations of broad social systems, mass media, and the individual into a comprehensive explanation of media effects. At its core, the basic dependency hypothesis states that the more a person depends on media to meet needs, the more important media will be in a person's life, and therefore the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8998384", "score": "1.1572953", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "Stephenson 2003). In a model including mediating and moderating variables, it is the combination of direct and indirect effects that makes up the total effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. Thus, \"if an indirect effect does not receive proper attention, the relationship between two variables of concern may not be fully considered\" (Raykov & Marcoulides 2012) In correspondence with the statement that media effect is the result of a combination of variables, media effects can also be enhanced or reduced by individual difference and social context diversity. Many media effects theories hypothesize conditional media effects, including uses-and-gratifications", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258169", "score": "1.1522439", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Media ecology", "text": "Media ecology Media ecology theory is the study of media, technology, and communication and how they affect human environments. The theoretical concepts were proposed by Marshall McLuhan in 1964, while the term \"media ecology\" was first formally introduced by Neil Postman in 1968. Ecology in this context refers to the environment in which the medium is used – what they are and how they affect society. Neil Postman states, \"if in biology a 'medium' is something in which a bacterial culture grows (as in a Petri dish), in media ecology, the medium is 'a technology within which a [human] culture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1937305", "score": "1.1480279", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "media effects studies which examine media influence on individuals. Individuals often mistakenly believe that they are less susceptible to media effects than others. About fifty percent of the members in a given sample are susceptible to the third-person effect, underestimating their degree of influence. This can allow an individual to complain about media effects without taking responsibility for their own possible effects. This is largely based on attribution theory, where \"the person tends to attribute his own reactions to the object world, and those of another, when they differ from his own, to personal characteristics.\" Standley (1994) tested the third-person", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258154", "score": "1.1412798", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "as predictors in media effects. After the all-power assumption of mass media was disproved by empirical evidence, the indirect path of the media's effect on audiences has been widely accepted. An indirect effect indicates that an independent variable (e.g., media use) affecting the dependent variables (e.g., outcomes of media use) via one or more intervening (mediating) variables. The conceptualization of indirect media effects urges us to pay attention to those intervening variables to better explain how and why media effects occur. Besides, examining indirect effects can lead to a less biased estimation of effects sizes in empirical research (Holbert &", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258168", "score": "1.1404567", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "mass media was diluted, this did not determine that the media lacked influence or effect. Instead, the pre-existing structure of social relationships and cultural contexts were believed to primarily shape or change people's opinions, attitudes and behaviors, and media merely function within these established processes. This complexity had a dampening effect upon media effects studies. Representative theories: Limited media effect theory was challenged by new evidence supporting that mass media messages could indeed lead to measurable social effects. Lang and Lang (1981) argued that the widespread acceptance of limited media effect theory was unwarranted, and that \"the evidence available by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258146", "score": "1.1399305", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Media (communication)", "text": "other activities that have an on-line version. All media intended to affect human behavior is initiated through communication and the intended behavior is couched in psychology. Therefore, understanding media and communications psychology is fundamental in understanding the social and individual effects of media. The expanding field of media and communications psychology combines these established disciplines in a new way. Timing change based on innovation and efficiency may not have a direct correlation with technology. The information revolution is based on modern advancements. During the 19th century, the information \"boom\" rapidly advanced because of postal systems, increase in newspaper accessibility, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11610562", "score": "1.1377218", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "introducing the complex nature of media effects due to the idiosyncratic nature of audience individuals. The Payne Fund studies, conducted in the United States during this period, focused on the effect of media upon young people. Many other separate studies focused on persuasion effects studies, or the possibilities and usage of planned persuasion in film and other media. Hovland et al. (1949) conducted a series of experimental studies to evaluate the effects of using films to indoctrinate American military recruits. Lazarsfeld (1944) and his colleagues' effectiveness studies of democratic election campaigns launched political campaign effect studies. Researchers uncovered mounting empirical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258144", "score": "1.137594", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Media context studies (Advertising research)", "text": "having an independent effect on ad reaction. Media context studies (Advertising research) Media context studies refers to the group of studies investigating “how and which media context variables influence the effects of the advertisements embedded in the context“. Media researchers found that media context affects ad recall, ad recognition, level and nature of ad processing, ad attitude and ad cognitions, brand attitude, and purchase intention. Media context would influence media users’ attitude toward ads in several ways. First, the similarity in the mood of the media context and the ads would enhance learning and evaluations of the ad and its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17896384", "score": "1.1357404", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Media context studies (Advertising research)", "text": "Media context studies (Advertising research) Media context studies refers to the group of studies investigating “how and which media context variables influence the effects of the advertisements embedded in the context“. Media researchers found that media context affects ad recall, ad recognition, level and nature of ad processing, ad attitude and ad cognitions, brand attitude, and purchase intention. Media context would influence media users’ attitude toward ads in several ways. First, the similarity in the mood of the media context and the ads would enhance learning and evaluations of the ad and its message. Goldberg and Gorn (1987) call this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17896376", "score": "1.134781", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Center for research on Children, Adolescents, and the Media", "text": "industry aimed at young people, little is known about the uses and effects of these media and technologies. CCAM strives to better understand the role of media in children's and adolescents' lives. What are the intended and unintended effects of advertising? Which children are particularly susceptible to potential negative effects of advertising, pornography, and media violence? When do social media have positive and negative influences on young people? Researchers in CCAM have published dozens of articles and chapters that provide answers on questions like these. CCAM has an open access policy. All publications can be downloaded from the publication section.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15814840", "score": "1.1326395", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "among average households. People were astonished by the speed of information dissemination, which may have clouded audience perception of any media effects. Secondly, propaganda techniques were implemented during the war time by several governments as a powerful tool for uniting their people. This propaganda exemplified strong-effect communication. Early media effects research often focused on the power of this propaganda (e.g., Lasswell, 1927). Combing through the technological and social environment, early media effects theories stated that the mass media were all-powerful. Representative theories: Starting in the 1930s, the second phase of media effects studies instituted the importance of empirical research, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258143", "score": "1.1291032", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "Influence of mass media In media studies, media psychology, communication theory and sociology, media influence and media effects are topics relating to mass media and media culture effects on individual or audience thought, attitudes and behavior. The influence of mass media has an effect on many aspects of the human life. This can include: voting a certain way, individual views and beliefs, or even false information that can skew a persons knowledge of a specific topic. Media is an ever-changing field and is being critiqued now more than ever by the general public. The overall influence of mass media has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258139", "score": "1.1289468", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Media ecology", "text": "by media professionals and amateurs empower people and become the rising voice for the future of democracy in Spain. Media ecology Media ecology theory is the study of media, technology, and communication and how they affect human environments. The theoretical concepts were proposed by Marshall McLuhan in 1964, while the term \"media ecology\" was first formally introduced by Neil Postman in 1968. Ecology in this context refers to the environment in which the medium is used – what they are and how they affect society. Neil Postman states, \"if in biology a 'medium' is something in which a bacterial culture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1937374", "score": "1.1274859", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Jennings Bryant", "text": "field of Mass Communication, primarily in the area of media effects research. Bryant received a bachelor's degree in History from Davidson College in 1967. He completed his Master's of Divinity work in Communication and Counseling in 1971, graduating from Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary with highest honors. Bryant earned a Ph.D. in Mass Communication from Indiana University in 1974, again graduating with highest honors. Bryant's research work has been vast, but much of it has focused on media effects research, particularly as it relates to media use and children. He is responsible for two landmark works: his 1983 book, co-edited with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17142134", "score": "1.1274788", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "of activation determine the strength and duration of the priming effect. In media effects studies, priming describes how exposure to media can alter an individual's attitudes, behaviors, or beliefs. Most media violence research, a popular area of discussion in media effects studies, theorizes that exposure to violent acts may prime an individual to behave more aggressively while the activation lingers. Miller and Dollard (1941) pioneered social learning theory by their findings that individuals do not need to personally act out a behavior to learn it; they can learn from observation. Bandura (1977) expanded upon this concept, stating that audiences can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258156", "score": "1.1244228", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Influence of mass media", "text": "media content, leading to anxiety about personal safety. The following are salient examples of media effects studies which examine media influence on an audience aggregate. Not all media effects are instantaneous or short-term. Gerbner (1969) created cultivation theory, arguing that the media cultivates a \"collective consciousness about elements of existence.\" If audiences are exposed to repetitive themes and storylines, over time, they may expect these themes and storylines mirrored in real life. There are two primary areas of media agenda-setting: (i) the media tells us the news and (ii) tells us what to think about the news. Press coverage sends", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5258159", "score": "1.1222117", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "a virtual reality simulator" ]

[ { "title": "Ready Player One", "text": "invited Cline several times to sign books and demo hardware. The Ready Player One: Oasis beta, developed by Directive Games Limited, was released on March 23, 2018 alongside the Steven Spielberg movie and consists of four experiences made for virtual reality headsets. The game is currently available for free on Steam and Viveport. \"Lacero\", a fan-fiction story by Andy Weir, was published in the 2016 edition of \"Ready Player One\". It follows the story of Nolan Sorrento and functions as a precursor to the main novel, and is considered canonical to the \"Ready Player One\" fictional universe. In 2015, in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15873218", "score": "1.3721776", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "Ready Player One (film) Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction film produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline, based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The film takes place in 2045, when much of humanity uses the virtual reality software OASIS to escape the desolation of the real world. Orphaned teenager Wade Watts (Sheridan) discovers clues to a hidden game within the program that promises the winner full ownership of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683112", "score": "1.3098816", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "the interest of Nolan Sorrento, the CEO of Innovative Online Industries (IOI) who seeks to control OASIS himself. IOI uses a number of indentured servants and employees called \"Sixers\" to find the egg. Wade Watts is an orphaned teenager living in the slums, or ‘stacks’, of Columbus, Ohio, with his Aunt Alice. In the OASIS, his avatar, Parzival, is best friends with Aech, a virtual mechanic. One day, Parzival befriends Art3mis, a well-known Gunter, sharing a common interest in Halliday's history. They review Halliday's life from the Archives with help of its Curator. They learn Halliday had several regrets in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683115", "score": "1.2895676", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "media. The film was noted to have significant differences from the book; some critics said the film's plot was an improvement over the source material. In 2045, people seek regular escape from life through the virtual reality entertainment universe OASIS, co-created by James Halliday and Ogden Morrow of Gregarious Games. After Halliday's death, a pre-recorded message left by his avatar Anorak announces a game, granting ownership of OASIS to the first to find the Golden Easter egg within it, which is locked behind a gate requiring three keys. The contest has lured a number of ‘gunters’, or egg hunters, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683114", "score": "1.2234206", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "the OASIS, and joins several allies to try to complete the game before a large company run by businessman Nolan Sorrento (Mendelsohn) can do so. \"Ready Player One\" premiered at South by Southwest in Austin, Texas on March 11, 2018, was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on March 29, 2018, in 2D, Real D 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It grossed $582 million worldwide, making it the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2018. The film received generally positive reviews, critics praised its visuals, brisk pacing, both Sheridan's and Rylance's performances, and the many cultural references from various", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683113", "score": "1.2139808", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Ready Player One", "text": "Ready Player One Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2044, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which will lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15873203", "score": "1.1291494", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "Morrow signed to turn over his part of Gregarious and refuses. Anorak changes form, becomes Halliday, and reveals that the contract was the final test to make sure Parzival would not make the same mistakes he did. Parzival is given the Golden Egg and control of OASIS. In the real world, Sorrento and Zandor fail to stop Parzival before he wins; they are quickly arrested for the bombing. Morrow, revealed to have been the Curator, offers his services to Wade; he gladly accepts. Wade decides to run OASIS with the other High Five, agreeing to ban IOI from forcing people", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683119", "score": "1.1036212", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "into servitude and to shut down the OASIS twice a week for everyone to spend more time in the real world. Meanwhile, he and Samantha move into an apartment together. Additionally, Susan Lynch portrays Alice, Wade's aunt; Ralph Ineson portrays Rick, Alice's abusive boyfriend; Perdita Weeks portrays Karen \"Kira\" Underwood, Morrow's wife; and Clare Higgins portrays Mrs. Gilmore, Wade's neighbor. Warner Bros. and De Line Pictures won an auction for the rights to Ernest Cline's novel \"Ready Player One\" in 2010, before it had been published. Cline was set to write the script for the film, which Donald De Line", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683120", "score": "1.0983024", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "life, including his unrequited love for Morrow’s wife Kira and losing Morrow as a friend after forcing him to sign away his part of Gregarious Games. Using this information, they solve the first two challenges of Anorak's game: a car race across an ever-shifting Manhattan cityscape and a search for Kira in the Overlook Hotel from \"The Shining\". Aech and his friends Daito and Sho follow suit, the group becoming known as the \"High Five\" on the OASIS scoreboards. Sorrento learns of Parzival's identity through OASIS mercenary i-R0k, and attempts to sway Wade into joining IOI, but he refuses. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683116", "score": "1.0872217", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ready Player One", "text": "2040s, the world has been gripped by an energy crisis from the depletion of fossil fuels and the consequences of global warming, and overpopulation, causing widespread social problems and economic stagnation. To escape the decline their world is facing, people turn to the OASIS, a virtual reality simulator accessible by players using visors and haptic technology such as gloves. It functions both as an MMORPG and as a virtual society, with its currency being the most stable in the real world. It was created by James Halliday who, when he died, had announced in his will to the public that", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "force field. Parzival recruits other OASIS players to help the rebels attack the IOI forces around the castle. Art3mis deactivates the force field, allowing Parzival to reach the console, but Sorrento activates the Cataclyst, a bomb that kills all the avatars on Planet Doom. However, due to having won a coin from the Archive's Curator earlier, Parzival gets an extra life, proceeding to play through \"Adventure\" to find its Easter egg; he is awarded the last key. He opens the gate and is greeted by Anorak and given a contract to sign; however, he recognizes it as the same contract", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683118", "score": "1.0855404", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "April 2016, Mark Rylance joined the cast, and in June 2016, T.J. Miller, Hannah John-Kamen and Win Morisaki also joined. In July 2016, Philip Zhao joined the cast, and Lena Waithe, Ralph Ineson, McKenna Grace, and Letitia Wright were later also announced to have been cast. Production was set to begin in July 2016. Screenwriter Zak Penn tweeted on July 1, 2016 that the first week of filming had been completed. In August and September 2016, filming took place in Birmingham, England; this included Livery Street in the Jewellery Quarter area of the city, which was extensively used, including the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683123", "score": "1.0737994", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "mostly a digital recreation of the film using high-quality telecine of the original film, giving them some freedom of new camera angles and shots that could be generated from this recreation. The final film includes a combination of the original footage from \"The Shining\" and ILM's additional work. Only a few scenes in this sequence which involved real actors, such as the appearance of the Grady twins, required them to construct a faithful reproduction of \"The Shining\"s set for the actors to interact with. Finally, the sequence was post-processed to introduce film grain and other aging effects to make the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683126", "score": "1.0653204", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "the lack of resolution for plot holes in the novel, and the bloating of scenes in the film by trivia. Matt Bobkin scored the film a 6 out of 10 for \"Exclaim!\" saying the film \"is not so much a groundbreaking recontextualizing, more doe-eyed affection with no critical commentary\". \"Movie Metropolis\" noted that the film \"is an absolute thrill-ride from start to finish and is pure Spielberg in the very best way\" and awarded it 4 out of 5 stars. Film and television critic Matt Zoller Seitz praised \"Ready Player One\" and noted the undercurrent of sadness present in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683144", "score": "1.0400748", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "One Oasis", "text": "One Oasis One Oasis is a residential complex development at Cotai South of Macau with proximity to the Cotai Strip and Hengqin Island of Zhuhai. The community facilities in the development encompass a clubhouse, a retail centre, a 6-star hotel, cultural and entertainment conventions. Phase 1 of One Oasis comprises 5 low-density residential towers providing 870 units. The construction of Phase 1 was scheduled to be completed in the 2nd quarter of 2013. An array of flat mix including studio, 1-bedroom, 2-bedroom, 3-bedroom units and 4-bedroom en-suites is offered, ranging from approximately . to over . Special units contain duplexes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14565528", "score": "1.0347219", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "the week ending on August 4, 2018. \"Ready Player One\" has grossed $137 million in the United States and Canada, and $445.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $582.2 million. Made on a production budget of $175 million, with about $150 million more spent on global marketing costs, the film needed to gross at least $440 million in order to break-even. In the United States and Canada, \"Ready Player One\" was released alongside \"\" and \"Acrimony\", and was projected to gross $40–50 million from 4,100 theaters over its first four days. It made $12.1 million on its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683135", "score": "1.0284371", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "adding another solidly engrossing adventure to his filmography.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on 54 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A–\" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 82% overall positive score and a 65% \"definite recommend\". In a review for RogerEbert.com, Brian Tallerico wrote that the film's \"overwhelming\" nature and non-stop action will likely thrill fans of pop culture; while he observed narrative weaknesses, such as a lack of depth among the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683141", "score": "1.0234426", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "as well as Penn's screenplay, particularly with respect to Mendelsohn's character. Nevertheless, he remarked that the film \"drags a bunch in its final third\". Alissa Wilkinson, writing for Vox, praised both the quality and quantity of the world building. She also commented on just how dystopian the future portrayed is, where the main characters fight to save the OASIS and the escape from reality it represents, with arguably less concern for the problems of the real world. Monica Castillo was more critical of the film in her review for \"The Guardian\" and drew attention to the absence of character arcs,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683143", "score": "1.0213779", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "know what he is getting into. He's said that it's the third-hardest film he's made, out of dozens and dozens of movies\". Co-star Olivia Cooke, and presumably the rest of the cast, is \"contracted to sequels\". Ready Player One (film) Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction film produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline, based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The film takes place in 2045, when much of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683146", "score": "1.0153499", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "One Oasis", "text": "being funnelled into a number of developments including the University of Macau Hengqin Campus and the largest ocean themed park and resort in Asia, the new exhibition and creative business zone. The construction of the developments has commenced on Hengqin Island and is due for completion within two or three years. A central clubhouse namely Club Oasis is planned to be built inside a southern European garden. Club Oasis brings over 100 clubhouse facilities and services, including indoor and outdoor swimming pools, banquet rooms, red wine tasting, billiard rooms, spa and massage services. One Oasis possesses a comprehensive transportation network", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14565530", "score": "1.0105217", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Oasis (video game)", "text": "\"Oasis\" took eight full-time developers two years and five months to make. The game design was based around a \"No bad click\" philosophy. As one of the game's designers puts it: \"A level consists of 85 carrots and one big stick. The player takes 85 turns discovering and rebuilding his or her empire, where every turn creates some kind of goodness.\" \"Oasis\" received largely positive reviews from the gaming press, received awards from the independent gaming community and has been ported to mobile phone by Konami. In July 2010, Electrified Games released an iPad version of \"Oasis\" renamed as \"Defense", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5374798", "score": "1.0064399", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Ready Player One", "text": "lab accident. Wade escapes and moves to Columbus, Ohio, where he lies low, assuming the pseudonym Bryce Lynch and living in an anonymous apartment designed for hardcore OASIS users. He considers an alliance with Aech, Art3mis, and Daito and Shoto, two Japanese gunters who have also earned the Copper Key. Instead, he and Art3mis begin a wary friendship, but when he asks her out, Art3mis declines. IOI operatives, called Sixers, attempt to assassinate Wade and Art3mis at the birthday party of OASIS co-founder Ogden Morrow. They are stopped by Morrow, who has special privileges and powers within the OASIS. Art3mis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15873209", "score": "1.0061203", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "that overlooks the Birmingham City Centre skyline. Some of the city's landmark buildings were erased and replaced with CGI buildings to create a dystopian Ohio in the year 2045. Principal photography ended on September 27, 2016. Spielberg worked with Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to oversee the film's visual effects, meeting with ILM for 3 hours three times a week. He has stated that \"[t]his is the most difficult movie I've done since \"Saving Private Ryan\".\" A significant part of the film takes place in a virtual space based on the Overlook Hotel in the film \"The Shining\". This was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683125", "score": "0.99697083", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "2018. The film had its world premiere at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas on March 11, 2018 (as part of the South by Southwest Film Festival). Warner Bros. Pictures distributed the film worldwide, with Village Roadshow Pictures distributing in several overseas territories. \"Ready Player One\" was released on digital copy on July 3, 2018, and on 4K UHD Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Blu-Ray, and DVD on July 24, 2018. The film debuted at the top of the NPD VideoScan First Alert chart for the week ending on July 27, 2018. It retained the No. 1 spot on the chart for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683134", "score": "0.9969342", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "the Future\" within the film's score, as well as quoting the music by Wendy Carlos and Rachel Elkind from \"The Shining\" for the film's sequence at the Overlook Hotel. The film also includes licensed music from the 1970s and 1980s, which appears on the digital-only soundtrack album \"Ready Player One: Songs from the Motion Picture\". \"Ready Player One\" was initially scheduled to be released on December 15, 2017, but was pushed back to March 30, 2018, to avoid competition with \"\". In January 2018, it was announced the film's release date had been moved up one day to March 29,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683133", "score": "0.9935707", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Oasis (video game)", "text": "of the Oasis\" to avoid confusion with the English rock band Oasis. Reviewers agreed that the game is easy to pick up and play whilst containing depth of gameplay. Female gamer website Grrl Gamer described the game as \"one part puzzle and one part strategy\", Game Tunnel stated \"\"Oasis\" packs a very powerful punch of both strategy and entertainment\". Game Daily's reviewer disagreed, describing \"Oasis\" as \"the perfect game for those times when you need to do something mindless and silly\" and that there is no need to plan moves before taking them. Website Game Tunnel's founder Russell Carroll rated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5374799", "score": "0.98497534", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "its fifth weekend it grossed $2.4 million, a drop of 67% from previous weekend and finishing ninth. Worldwide, the film was released in 62 countries, including China, where it was expected to make $100–120 million in its opening weekend. It grossed $2.9 million on its first day from 11 countries, including $980,000 from Korea. In China the film made $14.75 million on its first day and earned a score of 9.2 from audiences on Douban (compared to the average 6–7 earned by Hollywood films). It grossed $61.7 million in China in its opening weekend which is the highest opening ever", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683137", "score": "0.9800364", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ready Player One (film)", "text": "the last session. The total there is currently at $17.5M. In its sixth weekend in China, it bumped up 10% from last session to lift the local cume to $220.2M. The film's largest markets after China are Japan ($23.4 million), United Kingdom ($21.3 million), France ($21.5 million), South Korea ($18.6 million), and Russia-CIS ($13.1 million). On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 73% based on 382 reviews, and an average rating of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Ready Player One\" is a sweetly nostalgic thrill ride that neatly encapsulates Spielberg's strengths while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683140", "score": "0.9780828", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Oasis (video game)", "text": "the game 10 out of 10 overall, summing-up the review by stating \"The game is flawlessly designed to create a wonderful experience in strategy/world-building that even those who don't really get into the genre can enjoy\" and \"\"Oasis\" is one of the best gaming experiences I've had this year\". In \"Computer Games Magazine\", Steve Bauman called the game \"simple, but hardly simplistic\". Although he noted its \"over-reliance on luck\", he nonetheless found that it \"offers up surprisingly deep and interesting strategy\", and argued that \"there's some serious fun to be had with \"Oasis\"\". \"Oasis\" received Game Tunnel's 2005 \"Game of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5374800", "score": "0.9736662", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Bar Oasis", "text": "solid addition to the app store\". Destructoid wrote \"Did you happen to check out the original Bar Oasis, and if not, does the game's focus on bartending, its unique visual style, or tasty soundtrack have you interested?\". Bar Oasis placed 9th in a Totally Top 10 article \"Top 10: Addictive iPhone Club Games\", with the site saying \"I like Bar Oasis for a variety of reasons. This game is great on a whole because it combines a number of game genres and puts it all into one neat package. There’s an RPG, tilt pouring, and time-management game all in one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18308521", "score": "0.9663323", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Hercules" ]

[ { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "and Son\" is the Steptoes' trading name, but as established in the first episode, the \"Son\" is not Harold as initially believed, but Albert. The name dates from when he and his mother—Mrs. Steptoe—worked the rounds. The first series has the pair as very rough looking and often dirty and wearing ragged clothes, but they quickly \"tidied up\" for later series. Outside filming of the Steptoe's yard took place at a car breakers' yard in Norland Gardens, London W11, then changing to Stable Way, Latimer Road, for the later series. Both sites have subsequently been redeveloped with no evidence now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496626", "score": "1.1291311", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son (film)", "text": "Steptoe and Son (film) Steptoe and Son is a 1972 British comedy drama film and a spin-off from the popular British television comedy series of the same name about father-and-son rag-and-bone dealers. It starred Wilfrid Brambell and Harry H. Corbett as the eponymous characters, Albert and Harold Steptoe respectively. It also features Carolyn Seymour. A sequel, \"Steptoe and Son Ride Again\", was released the following year. During a gentlemen's evening at a local football club, Harold meets one of the acts, a stripper called Zita. After a whirlwind romance the couple are married, although the actual wedding ceremony is delayed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9453461", "score": "1.0823134", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son (film)", "text": "meeting Zita again some months later Harold finds that she is pregnant, and she says Harold is the father. Harold offers to take care of them both, but on returning home Albert makes sure that Zita feels unwelcome and she flees. A short while later a baby appears in the horse's stable. This scene parodies the Nativity, with the Three Wise Men bearing gifts replaced by three tramps selling rags, and the Star of Bethlehem being represented by the lights of an airliner. It appears that the child is Zita's. They name the child after the priest who officiates the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9453464", "score": "1.0707049", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "Steptoe and Son Steptoe and Son is a British sitcom written by Ray Galton and Alan Simpson about a father-and-son rag-and-bone business. They live at Oil Drum Lane, a fictional street in Shepherd's Bush, London. Four series were broadcast by the BBC from 1962–65, followed by a second run from 1970-74. The theme tune, \"Old Ned\", was composed by Ron Grainer. The series was voted 15th in a 2004 poll by the BBC to find \"Britain's Best Sitcom\". It was remade in the United States as \"Sanford and Son\", in Sweden as \"Albert & Herbert\", in the Netherlands as \"Stiefbeen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496620", "score": "1.0488551", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane", "text": "Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane is a play written by Ray Galton and John Antrobus that brought the \"Steptoe and Son\" saga to an end. It was first performed in 2005. The title of the play was borrowed from the Swedish 1982 play \"Albert & Herbert: Mordet på Skolgatan 15\" (meaning \"Albert & Harold : The Murder at Skolgatan 15\") by \"Sten-Åke Cederhök\", although in this play, the murder refers not to Albert but to their home in Haga, Gothenburg. \"Steptoe and Son\" had been a successful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8856101", "score": "1.0425823", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son Ride Again", "text": "Steptoe and Son Ride Again Steptoe and Son Ride Again is a 1973 comedy film. It is a sequel to the film \"Steptoe and Son\" (1972) based on the television series. Again the film starred Wilfrid Brambell and Harry H. Corbett. The Steptoes have retired their horse - because the horse is lame, after having to pull the cart (and Harold) home from York, after the horse walked into the back of a removal van which then drove off - and plan to buy a new one with Albert's life savings of £80, putting £9 away for \"emergencies\". Harold sends", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10118219", "score": "1.0330086", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son (film)", "text": "christening. Unfortunately for Harold, he is also called Albert. Harold compromises by naming him Albert Jeremy and calling him Jeremy thereafter, although Albert Sr. insists on calling him Albert. Zita apparently returns and takes the baby back while Albert, who should be looking after him, is asleep. Harold tries to find her and comes across her stripping in a local rugby club where she is soon forced into the scrum of cheering rugby players. Attempting to save her, Harold is beaten up and is only rescued when Zita's musician saves him. Hustled into a back room he hears a baby's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9453465", "score": "0.9959073", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son (film)", "text": "when Albert, acting as best man, loses the ring somewhere in the yard. They eventually find it in a pile of horse manure, and since they have no time to clean up their arrival in church is met with looks of disgust. Harold and Zita fly to Spain for their honeymoon, but Albert refuses to be left behind. This causes Harold considerable frustration and begins to drive a wedge between him and Zita. When they are finally left alone and are beginning to consummate their marriage they are interrupted by Albert's cries of distress from the adjoining room, and discover", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9453462", "score": "0.9906988", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "Son\" focuses on Harold getting married but still not being able to get away from his father. Due to popular demand another film, \"Steptoe and Son Ride Again\", was released in 1973. \"When Steptoe Met Son\" was a 2002 Channel 4 documentary about the personal lives of Wilfrid Brambell and Harry H. Corbett. It aired on 20 August 2002. The programme reveals how Brambell and Corbett were highly dissimilar to their on-screen characters. Corbett felt he had a promising career as a serious actor, but was trapped by his role as Harold and forced to keep returning to the series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496639", "score": "0.9892571", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "The series' title music, \"Old Ned\", won its composer Ron Grainer his second successive Ivor Novello award. The series had no standard set of opening titles but the opening sequences would often feature the Steptoe's horse, Hercules. \"Steptoe and Son\" is the Steptoes' trading name, but as established in the first episode, the \"Son\" is not Harold as initially believed, but Albert. The name dates from when he and his mother—Mrs. Steptoe—worked the rounds. The first series has the pair as very rough looking and often dirty and wearing ragged clothes, but they quickly \"tidied up\" for later series.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "remaining of the iconic entrance gates through which the horse and cart were frequently driven. The episodes often revolve around (sometimes violent) disagreements between the two men, Harold's attempts to bed women and momentary interest over things found on his round. As in many of the best examples of British comedy, much of the humour derives from the pathos of the protagonists' situation, especially Harold's continually thwarted (usually by the elder Steptoe) attempts to \"better himself\" and the unresolvable love/hate relationship that exists between the pair. Albert almost always comes out on top, and routinely and effortlessly proves himself easily", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496627", "score": "0.9875508", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "en zoon\" and in Portugal as \"Camilo & Filho\". In 1972, a film adaptation of the series, \"Steptoe and Son\", was released in cinemas, followed by a sequel \"Steptoe and Son Ride Again\" in 1973. The series focused on the inter-generational conflict of father and son. Albert Steptoe, a \"dirty old man\", is an elderly rag-and-bone man, set in his grimy and grasping ways. By contrast, his 37-year-old son Harold is filled with social aspirations, not to say pretensions. The show contained elements of drama and tragedy, as Harold was continually prevented from achieving his ambitions. To this end, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496621", "score": "0.9860914", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "2007, Season 6 and Season 7 in 2008 and Season 8 in 2009. Steptoe and Son Steptoe and Son is a British sitcom written by Ray Galton and Alan Simpson about a father-and-son rag-and-bone business. They live at Oil Drum Lane, a fictional street in Shepherd's Bush, London. Four series were broadcast by the BBC from 1962–65, followed by a second run from 1970-74. The theme tune, \"Old Ned\", was composed by Ron Grainer. The series was voted 15th in a 2004 poll by the BBC to find \"Britain's Best Sitcom\". It was remade in the United States as \"Sanford", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496646", "score": "0.9736189", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "superior to his son whenever they compete, e.g. in their frequent game-playing, such as snooker played into the night and pouring rain in 1970 and the Scrabble and badminton games in the 1972 series. Harold takes them desperately seriously and sees them as symbols of his desire to improve himself, but his efforts come to nothing every time. His father's success is partly down to superior talent but is aided by cynical gamesmanship and undermining of his son's confidence. In addition, Albert habitually has better judgement than his son, who blunders into all sorts of con tricks and blind alleys", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496628", "score": "0.9694448", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "When Steptoe Met Son", "text": "When Steptoe Met Son When Steptoe Met Son is a 2002 Channel 4 documentary about the personal lives of Wilfrid Brambell and Harry H. Corbett, the stars of the long-running BBC situation comedy, \"Steptoe and Son\". It aired on 20 August 2002. The programme reveals how Brambell and Corbett were highly dissimilar to their on-screen characters. Corbett felt he had a promising career as a serious actor, but was trapped by his role as Harold and forced to keep returning to the series after typecasting limited his choice of work. Brambell, meanwhile, was a homosexual, something that in the 1960s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11629513", "score": "0.9634659", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "and Son\" and \"Steptoe and Son Ride Again\". A boxed set of Series 1–8 and the two Christmas specials was released on Region 2 DVD by 2entertain on 29 October 2007. Also, 52 episodes were remade for BBC Radio, initially on the Light Programme in 1966–67 and later Radio 2 from 1971 to 1976. A special one-off remake of the \"A Winter's Tale\" episode aired on BBC Four on 14 September 2016, as part of the BBC's Lost Sitcom season recreating lost episodes of classic sitcoms. In 1977, Brambell and Corbett appeared in character for two television ads for Ajax", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496637", "score": "0.9633713", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son Ride Again", "text": "vicar runs off and meets Harold looking like he himself is one of the undead. Back home, the Steptoes discover that the insurance claim would have paid out to Harold after all, due to a clause that Albert had put in the policy if his mistress ever married. He cashes the policy in and receives £876. They pay off their debt and buy a new horse with new riding equipment, but to Albert's horror, Harold invests the rest of the money in a part share of a race horse. He discovers that his partner is called H.M. Queen. Steptoe and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10118225", "score": "0.9626113", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane", "text": "British sitcom in the 1960s and 1970s. Ray Galton had been one of the two writers of the original series, and he co-wrote this play. It brought an end to the \"Steptoe and Son\" saga, explaining the two protagonists' lives together and their deaths. The year is 2005. Steptoe's old house is now the property of the National Trust. Harold Steptoe, now in his 70s, visits the place but gets shut in after closing time. Through his monologue, the audience discovers that he eventually killed his father by throwing a spear at him when he was sitting on the toilet.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8856102", "score": "0.9595542", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Curse of Steptoe", "text": "impression that the end of \"Steptoe and Son\" was immediately preceded, if not precipitated, by the birth of Corbett's first child. However, the two events were separated by eight years, so the device tended to mislead viewers significantly on an aspect of the narrative central to their interest in the drama.\" The drama would not be re-broadcast without appropriate editing and content information. A revised version of the drama was broadcast on 28 and 29 December 2008 on BBC Four, running 23 seconds shorter than the original, and preceded by an on-screen disclaimer: \"The following drama is inspired by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11625613", "score": "0.9502461", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "fourth in the series, \"The Offer\", was born both out of writer's block and budgetary constraints. Earlier shows in the series had cost more than expected, so the writers decided to write a two-hander set in one room. The idea of two brothers was considered but father and son worked best. Ronald Fraser was second choice for Harold, which would have produced a totally different character. Galton and Simpson were not aiming to make a pilot for a series, having worked for seven years with Hancock. However, Tom Sloan, the BBC's head of comedy, told them during rehearsals that \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496623", "score": "0.9435525", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "and Alan Simpson, with David Pibworth and are available for production on www.classiccomedyscripts.co.uk Performed in 2012 and 2013 by Kneehigh Theatre, \"Steptoe and Son\" was adapted from four of the show's original scripts. The production was designed to highlight the Beckettian nature of Albert and Harold's situation, focusing on themes of over-reliance and being trapped within social class. The production toured the UK and received positive reviews from the \"Financial Times\" and three stars from \"The Guardian\"'s Lynn Gardner. In Australia, Season 1 was released in 2004, Season 2 and Season 3 in 2006, Season 4 and Season 5 in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496645", "score": "0.9415967", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Curse of Steptoe", "text": "claimed the drama was inaccurate and defamatory. In addition to numerous factual errors, he claimed that the two actors did not hate each other, and that the suggestion that \"Steptoe and Son\" ruined either actor's career was nonsense. The writers of \"Steptoe and Son\", Ray Galton and Alan Simpson, also distanced themselves from the drama, stating in a letter to \"The Times\" published shortly before the drama was aired that \"during this entire [12 year] period we were unaware of any conflict between the actors save from the occasional gritting of Wilfrid's false teeth when Harry had the perceived audacity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11625610", "score": "0.93942815", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son (film)", "text": "cries but when he pulls back a curtain a mixed-race baby is there instead. It turns out that Zita and her musician, who is black, are now a couple. Harold then learns that he is not, after all, the father of her first child. The film had investment from the Robert Stigwood Organisation. The film was popular at the box office and made a profit of five times its cost. Steptoe and Son (film) Steptoe and Son is a 1972 British comedy drama film and a spin-off from the popular British television comedy series of the same name about father-and-son", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9453466", "score": "0.9371766", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "with Harold's illegitimate son, Arthur (a part thought to be intended for actor David Hemmings). This idea was detested by Corbett, who thought it ridiculous, although the 2008 drama \"The Curse of Steptoe\" depicts Corbett as being delighted with the concept, since assuming the role of father would allow Harold's character some development and growth, which he felt was long overdue. The Curse of Steptoe is a television play which was first broadcast on 19 March 2008 on BBC Four as part of a season of dramas about television personalities. It stars Jason Isaacs as Harry H. Corbett and Phil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496642", "score": "0.9366205", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Galton and Simpson", "text": "Hancock for a time. After their association with Hancock had ended, they wrote a series of \"Comedy Playhouse\" (1961–62), ten one-off half-hour plays for the BBC. One play in the series, \"The Offer\", was well received, and from this emerged \"Steptoe and Son\" (1962–74), about two rag and bone men, father and son, who live together in a squalid house in West London. This was the basis for the American series \"Sanford and Son\" and the Swedish series \"Albert & Herbert\". Their comedy is characterised by a bleak and somewhat fatalistic tone. \"Steptoe and Son\" in particular is, at times,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1678993", "score": "0.92940986", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Curse of Steptoe", "text": "The Curse of Steptoe The Curse of Steptoe is a television play which was first broadcast on 19 March 2008 on BBC Four as part of a season of dramas about television personalities. It stars Jason Isaacs as Harry H. Corbett and Phil Davis as Wilfrid Brambell. The drama centres on the actors' on- and off-screen relationship during the making of the BBC sitcom \"Steptoe and Son\", and is based on interviews with colleagues, friends and family of the actors, and the \"Steptoe\" writers, Ray Galton and Alan Simpson. The screenplay was written by Brian Fillis, also responsible for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11625602", "score": "0.92697597", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "that were originally made in colour only survive in the form of black and white domestic videotape recordings. Copies were made from the master tapes for the writers by an engineer at the BBC using a Shibaden SV-700 half-inch reel-to-reel b/w video recorder—a forerunner of the video cassette recorder. In 2008, the first reel of a b/w telerecording of the Series 5 episode \"A Winter's Tale\" (lasting approximately 15 minutes) was returned to the BBC; this is the only telerecording of a colour \"Steptoe and Son\" episode known to still exist. The original 2\" Quad videotapes of all the episodes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496635", "score": "0.92262775", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son Ride Again", "text": "because of a difficult visit to the lavatory which is what caused him to die. Later on an entire army of mourners come to the Steptoe household. Along with them Mr Russell from the insurance company enters. Harold meets him to collect the proceeds - only to find out that all of the insurance money is to go to a lover that Albert met in 1949 while Harold was in the army in Malaya. A furious Harold asks why he didn't cancel the insurance plan and Albert's only excuse is \"I forgot.\" Harold concocts a way of bringing Albert back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10118223", "score": "0.92262447", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son Ride Again", "text": "to life. However once inside the coffin, Albert falls into a deep sleep and nothing seems to wake him up. Harold tries to wake him several times during the journey to the cemetery, however on the way he is hit in the head by the back door of a removal truck. They decide to take Harold to the hospital and carry on to the funeral without him. At the hospital Harold runs away and gets a taxi to the cemetery. There Harold accidentally smashes into a tomb and whilst being buried Albert finally wakes up and frightens everyone away. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10118224", "score": "0.91479427", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Steptoe and Son", "text": "and Simpson and Corbett's family. In March 2011 the Engine Shed Theatre Company performed three episodes of the iconic series live on stage at the Capitol Theatre, Horsham. Jack Lane played Albert Steptoe and Michael Simmonds played Harold. The three episodes performed by the company were: \"Men Of Letters\", \"Robbery With Violence\" and \"Seance in a Wet Rag and Bone Yard\". Engine Shed went on to adapt and perform the two Christmas Specials later that year. Many of the original TV episodes of Steptoe and Son have now been officially adapted to the stage by the original writers Ray Galton", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1496644", "score": "0.9129184", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "1947", "1975", "1956", "2015", "2017" ]

[ { "title": "History of the Golden State Warriors", "text": "years. The Warriors won the championship after going 4–1 in the Finals, and their 16–1 playoff record garnered the best winning percentage (.941) in NBA playoffs history. Kevin Durant was named the Finals MVP award after he scored at least 30 points in all five NBA Finals games and averaging 35.2 points per game. The victory at Oracle Arena to secure the title was the first title victory by a Bay Area team at home since the Oakland Athletics won the World Series in the Oakland–Alameda Coliseum in 1974, capping off a three-peat World Series run. On June 8, 2018,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14622998", "score": "1.0528146", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Cleveland sports curse", "text": "the Golden State Warriors in the 2016 NBA Finals which was a rematch of the previous season's Finals. Through the first four games, the Cavs were trailing the record-setting 73-win Warriors in the series, 3–1. However, the Cavaliers won the next three games to win their first NBA championship in franchise history, becoming the first team in NBA Finals history to overcome a 3–1 deficit, and the first team since 1978 to win a Finals Game 7 on the road. A particularly memorable moment in Game 7 was when James successfully pursued and blocked Andre Iguodala on a fast break", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10802278", "score": "1.0187476", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Golden State Warriors", "text": "After defeating both the Spurs and the Pelicans 4-1, the Warriors came up against the top-seeded Houston Rockets in the Western Conference Finals. Despite reaching a 3-2 disadvantage against the Rockets after Game 5, the Warriors staved off elimination and came back to win the series 4-3. The 2018 Finals pitted the Warriors against the Cavaliers for the fourth consecutive season; this marked the first time in NBA history that the same two teams had met in the Finals for four consecutive years. The Warriors swept the Cavaliers to win their second straight NBA championship; previously, there had not been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "803915", "score": "1.0159225", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Golden State Warriors", "text": "Bryant. The Warriors reached the NBA Finals for the second consecutive year, facing a rematch against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Warriors won three of the first four games of the 2016 NBA Finals, but the Cavaliers made a comeback to tie the series at three wins apiece. Draymond Green was suspended for Game Five of the series, and Curry was ejected from Game Six. In Game Seven, the Warriors lost the series on their home court, earning the unfortunate distinction of becoming the first team to lose the NBA Finals after having led three games to one. July 2016 featured", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "803909", "score": "1.0136839", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of the Golden State Warriors", "text": "to win the MVP award by unanimous vote, winning all 131 first-place votes. The Golden State Warriors went to their second consecutive appearance in the finals with a rematch against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Warriors went to a 3–1 advantage, but the Cavaliers made a comeback to tie the series at 3 wins apiece. In Game 7, the Golden State Warriors lost the championship series on their homecourt, and earned the unfortunate distinction of becoming the first team to give up a 3–1 lead in the NBA finals. On July 4, 2016, Kevin Durant announced he would leave the Oklahoma", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14622994", "score": "1.0043029", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Andre Iguodala", "text": "place of Harrison Barnes and again marked Kevin Durant. With a Game 7 victory, the Warriors moved on to the NBA Finals for the second straight year. The Warriors would again play the Cleveland Cavaliers for the championship. Despite the Warriors going up 3–1 in the series following a Game 4 win, they went on to lose the series in seven games to become the first team in NBA history to lose the championship series after being up 3–1. On November 28, 2016, Iguodala had a season-best game with 12 points, five rebounds and five assists in a 105–100 win", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5761839", "score": "1.002773", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2018 NBA Finals", "text": "the 2nd seed in the Western Conference. In the playoffs, Golden State defeated the San Antonio Spurs in five games in the first round, eliminated the New Orleans Pelicans in five games in the Western Conference semifinals, and defeated the Houston Rockets in seven games in the Western Conference Finals. The Warriors entered the series as heavy favorites. The Warriors won the regular season series 2–0. Klay Thompson of the Warriors suffered a leg injury in the first quarter, but returned to the game in the second quarter. With the score tied at 107 in the last five seconds of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20133318", "score": "1.0014236", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2016 NBA Finals", "text": "in 2013 and 2014. Golden State, which earned home-court advantage with setting the NBA regular season wins record (73–9), jumped to a 2–0 lead in the series while recording the largest combined margin of victory (48) through two games in NBA Finals history. Cleveland returned home and responded with a 120–90 win in Game 3, but the Warriors won Game 4 to take a 3–1 series lead. The Cavaliers won the next three games to become the first team in Finals history to successfully overcome a 3–1 deficit. It also marked the first time since 1978 that Game 7 was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19083228", "score": "1.0003967", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2007 NBA Finals", "text": "Wiggins (2014) (Bennett and Wiggins were later traded to Minnesota for Kevin Love). In July 2014, James announced his return to the Cavaliers after the hiring of coach David Blatt, and they reached the against the Atlanta Hawks with a flawless 4-0 victory before falling to the Golden State Warriors in the finals 4-2. The following season, the Cavaliers returned to the Finals in a rematch against the Golden State Warriors and won the finals over the Warriors 4-3 with LeBron James winning the Finals MVP. 2007 NBA Finals The 2007 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7446670", "score": "0.9981529", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Golden State Warriors", "text": "Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in the San Francisco Bay Area in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals, winning five NBA championships in 1947, 1956, 1975, 2015 and 2017. Golden State's five NBA championships are tied for fourth-most in NBA history with the San Antonio Spurs, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17), Los Angeles Lakers (16) and Chicago Bulls (6).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 NBA Finals", "text": "best winning percentage () in NBA playoffs history. LeBron James and Kyrie Irving tried their best to combat the Warriors offense but were unable to overcome a bad night from Kevin Love, who only had six points and a game low minus-21 in his 29 minutes, and the Cavaliers bench, which was outscored 7 to 35 by the Warriors' bench. The Cavaliers did come out aggressive early while Golden State dealt with a series of turnovers. Though the Warriors trailed 41-33 with 10:14 left in the second quarter, they chipped away at that deficit and eventually were able to take", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19423255", "score": "0.9967259", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2015 NBA Finals", "text": "and eliminating the Houston Rockets in five games in the conference finals. The Cavaliers and Warriors tied the regular season series 1–1, with each team winning its home game. For the first time in NBA Finals history, the first two games went into overtime and first since 2009 were involved between the Lakers and the Magic. After Golden State fell behind 2–1 in the series, Kerr gave swingman Andre Iguodala his first start of the season, replacing center Andrew Bogut in Game 4. The Warriors' small lineup, which came to be known as the Death Lineup, helped turn the series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17996881", "score": "0.9904572", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Kevin Durant", "text": "to go with seven rebounds and five assists in a series-clinching win. For the Finals, Durant was the Golden State's top scorer in every game, averaging 35.2 points, 8.4 rebounds, and 5.4 assists while shooting 55.5 percent from the field, 47.4 percent from three-point range, and 92.7 percent from the free throw line. He was subsequently named the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player. After the Finals, Durant declined his $27.7 million player option and became an unrestricted free agent. On July 25, he re-signed with the Warriors for less money than the maximum, which helped the franchise create", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8725304", "score": "0.98988354", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2017 NBA Finals", "text": "game since 1970 where two opposing players each had a triple-double. Golden State took a 2–0 series lead heading into Cleveland for Game 3. The Warriors defeated the Cavaliers 118–113 to extend the longest winning streak in NBA playoff history to 15 games. Golden State became the first team in the four major sports leagues in North America to go 15–0 in the postseason. The Warriors got off to a torrid start, hitting an NBA Finals record 9 three-pointers in the first quarter, resulting in an early 39-32 lead. During the quarter, the Cavaliers got a scare when LeBron James", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19423245", "score": "0.98884934", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "NBA Finals", "text": "3-point shot a minute later to take the lead. Cleveland managed to hold on to the lead to win the title and end the city's 52-year championship drought, with James earning his third Finals MVP honor. In the 2016 offseason, the Warriors acquired Durant through free agency. After finishing 67–15, they became the first team in history to win 67+ games in three straight seasons, they went to the Finals with a 12–0 sweep of the West, the first team to do so since the first round changed to best-of-seven in 2003. Meanwhile, though the Cavaliers slipped to the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3569474", "score": "0.98585474", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2016 NBA Playoffs", "text": "winning three of the first four games in the Finals with relative ease, the Warriors appeared to be overwhelm the Cavaliers as they moved to being within one win from back-to-back championships. However, the series shifted dramatically after Golden State's All-Star forward, Draymond Green, was suspended for game 5 after an altercation with Cleveland's LeBron James in game 4. Absent Green, the Warriors were lacking defensively, as Kyrie Irving and LeBron James became the first teammates to score 40 or more points each in a Finals game and led the Cavaliers to a 112–97 win to force game 6. Back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19095394", "score": "0.9845228", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1975 NBA Finals", "text": "the following year. The Golden State Warriors last made the NBA Finals in , when they were still in San Francisco. In the years since, they moved to Oakland, briefly lost Rick Barry to the American Basketball Association, and named Warriors great Al Attles as head coach. Before the start of the 1974–75 season they traded future Hall of Famer Nate Thurmond to the Chicago Bulls for young center Clifford Ray. They also drafted Jamaal Wilkes, then known as Keith Wilkes, out of UCLA. With Barry as the offensive leader, and with Attles using a team approach to coaching, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7655583", "score": "0.98259044", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2017 NBA Playoffs", "text": "closer, but the Warriors still came out victors, going up 3–0 bringing them to 15–0 in the playoffs, the best ever start in NBA playoff history. The Cavs countered beating the Warriors 137–116 in Game four, with 86 points in the first half, setting an NBA Finals' record. On June twelfth, the Warriors bounced back and won game five at home 129-120, clinching the organization's fifth championship. Golden State's 16–1 record is an NBA playoff record since 03' for least games attempted to achieve an NBA championship. The title was all-star forward Kevin Durant's first and all-stars Stephen Curry's, Klay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19423219", "score": "0.9808822", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "History of the Golden State Warriors", "text": "the Golden State Warriors swept the Cleveland Cavaliers in four games, becoming the ninth team to have swept their rivals in NBA Finals history. They have established themselves as a dynasty with their second consecutive championship and third in the past four years. History of the Golden State Warriors The history of the Golden State Warriors began in Philadelphia in 1946. In 1962, the franchise was relocated to San Francisco, California and became known as the San Francisco Warriors until 1971, when its name was changed to the current Golden State Warriors. Along with their inaugural championship win in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14622999", "score": "0.98067147", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Harrison Barnes", "text": "the Thunder in seven games after overcoming a 3–1 deficit to advance to the 2016 NBA Finals. In Game 1 of the NBA Finals against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Barnes had a 13-point performance to help the Warriors win 104–89. Despite the Warriors going up 3–1 in the series following a Game 4 win, they went on to lose the series in seven games to become the first team in NBA history to lose the championship series after being up 3–1. Barnes only shot 16% in the last three games. On July 9, 2016, Barnes signed a four-year, $94 million contract", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13528667", "score": "0.97861916", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "2015–16 Golden State Warriors season", "text": "Game 6. The Warriors were outscored 11–31 by the Cavaliers in the first quarter, and Cleveland never relinquished their lead as Golden State lost 101–115. This was only the second time in 105 games this season (regular-season and postseason) that the Warriors lost at least two games in a row. The loss evened the series at three games apiece, forcing a Game 7, the first Game 7 in an NBA Finals appearance in Golden State franchise history. During the fourth quarter of Game 6, Stephen Curry, who set the record for most three-pointers in an NBA Finals series during the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18864064", "score": "0.9783449", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "2007 NBA Finals", "text": "the second round to the eventual NBA champions Boston Celtics in seven games, after a hard-fought duel involving LeBron James and Paul Pierce. The Cavaliers would earn the league's best record for the next two years (66 and 61 wins, respectively) and boast the NBA's MVP in James. However, they were unable to win it all, losing to the Orlando Magic in six games of the 2009 Eastern Conference Finals and the Celtics in six games of the 2010 Eastern Conference Semifinals (allowing the Lakers to win the Finals twice against the Magic and Celtics). The latter playoff defeat would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7446668", "score": "0.9782661", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "2017 NBA Finals", "text": "in postseason three-pointers made. He grabbed 15 rebounds and dished out 8 assists, but he committed 8 of the Cavaliers' 20 turnovers. Golden State as a team managed only half of James' total with 4 turnovers, equaling the NBA record for fewest turnovers in an NBA Finals game. With this win, the Warriors became the first team ever to start 13–0 in the playoffs and their current 13 game win-streak is tied for the most consecutive postseason wins in NBA history. Former Cavaliers head coach and current Warriors interim head coach Mike Brown took charge of the game, with Steve", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19423241", "score": "0.9778703", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Marreese Speights", "text": "Oklahoma City Thunder, the Warriors fought back from a 3–1 deficit in the series to win clinch a 4–3 victory. In Game 5 of the series, Speights scored 14 points in 9 minutes to help the Warriors save their season. With a Game 7 victory, the Warriors moved on to the NBA Finals for the second straight year. The Warriors would again face the Cleveland Cavaliers. Despite the Warriors going up 3–1 in the series following a Game 4 win, they went on to lose the series in seven games to become the first team in NBA history to lose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9998822", "score": "0.97724575", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season", "text": "the Golden State Warriors in the NBA Finals. The Cavaliers and the Warriors became the first teams to make the finals for the fourth consecutive season since the 1984–85 Los Angeles Lakers. The Warriors entered the series as heavy favorites. The fourth quarter of Game 1 ended in controversial fashion. With the Cavaliers up 104–102 at Oracle Arena, Golden State small forward Kevin Durant was called for a charging foul when driving against LeBron James. When the referees reviewed the play to confirm that James' feet were outside of the restricted area, they opted to invoke a little-known rule and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20174279", "score": "0.975557", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "2017 NBA Finals", "text": "Cleveland responded in the third quarter by outscoring the Warriors 33-27 to cut the lead to five and eventually to as little as three, but could not withstand the offensive barrage by the Warriors in the fourth. Kevin Durant hit a 17-foot fadeaway over James early in the fourth quarter, then assisted on a Andre Iguodala 3-pointer the next possession as the Warriors began to pull away for good. Kevin Durant, who was defeated in the 2012 NBA Finals when his Oklahoma City Thunder were finished off 4-1 by LeBron James' Miami Heat, returned the favor by scoring a team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19423257", "score": "0.9748256", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "2017 NBA Finals", "text": "the 2016 NBA Finals by losing in seven games after having a 3–1 lead. With the acquisition of free agent Kevin Durant in the offseason, the Warriors were hailed as a \"Superteam\" by the media and fans, forming a new All-Star \"Big Four\" of Durant, Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson and Draymond Green. The team equaled their 2014–15 regular-season record of 67–15, their second most wins in franchise history. They won the Pacific Division title and Western Conference Championship for the third consecutive season. The club became the fastest team in NBA history to clinch a playoff berth, achieving the feat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19423237", "score": "0.97466004", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "1989 NBA Finals", "text": "well. Following the series, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar announced his retirement at 42, after 20 years with the NBA. Pistons' guard Joe Dumars was named MVP for the series. Prior to the 2016 NBA Finals, when the Cleveland Cavaliers overcame the Golden State Warriors, and the 2014 NBA Finals when the San Antonio Spurs bested the Miami Heat, the Pistons were the last Finals champion to have been runner-up to the same opponent the previous season as they did in the 1988 Finals. Before the season began, the Pistons moved from the Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan to the brand-new The Palace in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6477733", "score": "0.972251", "original_retrieval_index": 52 }, { "title": "2016 NBA Finals", "text": "victory, the Warriors posted the highest winning margin in the first two Finals games with a 48-point differential. James led the Cavs with 19 points, 8 rebounds, and 9 assists, but he committed 7 turnovers. James added 4 steals while surpassing John Stockton for fourth on the all-time playoff steals list. The Cavaliers avenged their lopsided defeat to Golden State by routing the Warriors 120–90 in Game 3 to trail the series 2–1. The Cavaliers scored the game's first nine points en route to outscoring the Warriors 33–16 after one quarter. Golden State rallied to trim Cleveland's lead as low", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19083238", "score": "0.96961176", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "Golden State Warriors", "text": "with Chamberlain. The Warriors won the Western Division crown that season, but lost the 1964 NBA Finals to the Boston Celtics, four games to one. In the 1964–65 season, the Warriors traded Chamberlain to the Philadelphia 76ers for Connie Dierking, Lee Shaffer, Paul Neumann and $150,000 and won only 17 games. In 1965, they drafted Rick Barry in the first round who went on to become NBA Rookie of the Year that season and then led the Warriors to the NBA Finals in the 1966–67 season, losing (four games to two) to Chamberlain's new team that had replaced the Warriors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "803853", "score": "0.96821177", "original_retrieval_index": 56 } ]

[ "Theodore Roosevelt", "John F. Kennedy" ]

[ { "title": "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing", "text": "Socialist candidate François Mitterrand by 425,000 votes—still the closest election in French history. At 48, he was the fourth youngest president in French history at the time, after Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte and Jean Casimir-Perier. In 2017, Emmanuel Macron, at the age of 39, became the youngest President in the history of France. He promised \"change in continuity\". He made clear his desire to introduce various reforms and modernise French society, which was an important part of his presidency. He for instance reduced from 21 to 18 the age of majority and pushed for the development of the TGV high speed train", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "839826", "score": "1.2082199", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Randeep Surjewala", "text": "President. In March 2000, Randeep became first ‘Haryanvi’ to be appointed as the National President of the Indian Youth Congress (IYC). He continued to be the President up till February 2005, thus making it the longest tenure in the history of IYC. In August 2004, he was appointed as Secretary of All India Congress Committee, the youngest office bearer. In the run-up to the Assembly elections in Haryana, he was appointed as Working President of Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee in December 2004 at the age of 37, the youngest President of PCC in the State. He contested four elections to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12242131", "score": "1.1360171", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jed Johnson Jr.", "text": "president of the United States Youth Council from 1962 to 1964. He led a delegation from the organization to West Africa in 1963, and served as a member of the United States National Commission for UNESCO. He served three years as a nongovernmental observer at the United Nations. Elected at the age of twenty-four, Johnson was the second youngest person ever elected to the U.S. Congress and the youngest legally to assume office. On November 15, 1964, twelve days after his election victory, Johnson appeared on the CBS Television Network panel show \"What's My Line?\". Playing the game and sharing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10404661", "score": "1.1326774", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Christian Wulff", "text": "31 May 2010. He won 625 of 1242 votes on the third ballot of the Federal Convention. He became Germany's youngest president at the age of 51 and was sworn in on 2 July 2010 in front of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat. His main contender in the election was Joachim Gauck, a civil rights activist from East Germany and a former Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records. Not a member of any party himself, Gauck was nominated by the opposition SPD and Greens as their presidential candidate on . Wulff was succeeded as Premier of Lower Saxony by David", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3485653", "score": "1.1326141", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Neelam Sanjiva Reddy", "text": "Congress party. At 64, he became the youngest ever person to be elected President of India. He was also the only serious presidential candidate to have contested twice – in 1969 against V V Giri and in 1977. 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency of whom 36 were rejected by the returning officer. Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the only validly nominated candidate in the fray which made elections unnecessary. Reddy thus became the first person to be elected President of India without a contest and remains the only President to have been elected unopposed. Neelam Sanjiva", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3845699", "score": "1.1255641", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Madhukeshwar Desai", "text": "Madhukeshwar Desai Madhukeshwar Desai (born 25 August 1987) is an Indian politician and great grand son of former Prime Minister of India Morarji Desai. In 2013, he was appointed the National Vice President of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, the youth wing of the Bharatiya Janata Party at 25, making him the youngest Vice President in the history of the party. He was re appointed National Vice President for a second consecutive term in 2017 at 29, retaining his distinction as the youngest Vice President. Madhukeshwar set up the Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration in 2016 and currently serves as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17457382", "score": "1.1233709", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Kuniwo Nakamura", "text": "the youngest person to be elected to the Congress of Micronesia. He served as Vice-President from January 1989 to January 1993. He was first elected president in the 1992 elections; he attracted 3,125 votes, versus 2,084 for one-term incumbent Ngiratkel Etpison and 3,188 for rival Johnson Toribiong, and then went on to defeat Toribiong in the runoff. He served two terms, being re-elected in 1996 by a 64%-36% margin over Ibedul Yutaka Gibbons. He did not run in the 2000 elections, but backed his vice-president Tommy Remengesau, who emerged victorious by a 53%-47% margin against senator Peter Sugiyama. Kuniwo Nakamura", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4128190", "score": "1.1204363", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Johnson University", "text": "Johnson, Emma Elizabeth Johnson became president. She was one of the first women to be elected and serve as president of any college in the United States. Alva Ross Brown become president in 1927 and at the age of 21 was one of the youngest college presidents in US Higher Education History. Alva Ross Brown was followed in 1941 by professor and trustee Robert M. Bell as the 4th president of the college. The fifth, Dr. David L. Eubanks was the first President to retire from office but remains one of the longest serving college presidents in the US and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4682559", "score": "1.1020861", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Baby of the House", "text": "holder for the world's youngest-ever elected MP is Anton Abele, who was at 18 years elected to the Swedish Parliament for his activism against street violence. At 19 years old, Proscovia Alengot Oromait was the world's youngest MP and youngest ever MP in Africa when elected in 2011. Oromait is a member of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) in Uganda and was a representative of Usuk County until 2016 Becoming the Baby of the House is regarded as something of an achievement despite the lack of any special treatment that comes with the title. However, some MPs who have held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6172841", "score": "1.094349", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age", "text": "and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Thomas Remengesau Jr.", "text": "was then elected in 1984 to the Palau National Congress (Olbiil Era Kelulau), carried by the youth and a grassroots campaign to become the youngest senator in the nation's history at the age of 28. In 1992, he was elected Vice-President and served two terms. In 2000, with the support of outgoing President Kuniwo Nakamura, he won the presidential election, defeating ex-senator Peter Sugiyama by a margin of 52% to 46%. He easily won re-election in 2004, defeating Polycarp Basilius by a margin of 66.5% to 33.5%, in a race dogged with rumors of improper financial influence from Taipei and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390165", "score": "1.0917128", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Borut Pahor", "text": "working to help solve the problems the nation faces. With this, he became the youngest president of Slovenia in history and the only politician to hold all three presidential positions in the Slovene political system: speaker of the National Assembly, prime minister, and president. Pahor won the second round with about 53 percent of the vote, with 99.9 percent of the votes counted, according to the Election Commission, while his opponent, Marjan Šarec, had 47 percent. Turnout was about 42 percent, according to preliminary figures, the lowest for a presidential election since Slovenia became an independent country in 1991. Pahor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4549784", "score": "1.0881691", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "George Weah", "text": "winning a run-off against Vice President Joseph Boakai with more than 60% of the vote. Weah was sworn in as president on 22 January 2018, making him the 4th youngest serving president in Africa. marking Liberia's first democratic transition in 74 years. He cited fighting corruption, reforming the economy, combating illiteracy and improving life conditions as the main targets of his presidency. Two other world class African strikers, Didier Drogba and Samuel Eto'o, attended the inauguration. On January 29, 2018, in his first annual message to the national legislature, he reduced his salary and other benefits by 25% with immediate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3029806", "score": "1.08671", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Faure Gnassingbé", "text": "from The George Washington University in the United States. He was elected to the National Assembly of Togo in the October 2002 parliamentary election as a Deputy for Blitta, and in the National Assembly he was coordinator of the commission in charge of privatization. On July 29, 2003 he was appointed as Minister of Equipment, Mines, Posts, and Telecommunications, serving in that position until becoming President in February 2005. Some in the opposition claimed that the amendment of the Constitution in December 2002, lowering the minimum age for the President from 45 years to 35 years, was intended to benefit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4546162", "score": "1.0830569", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "South Orange, New Jersey", "text": "terms, with the support of Village President Alex Torpey. In the municipal election held in May 2011, with fewer than 10% of the registered voters casting ballots, 23-year-old Alex Torpey was elected as the youngest Village President in the history of South Orange by a margin of 14 votes, while trustees Deborah Davis Ford, Howard Levison and Mark Rosner were re-elected to four-year terms of office, having run unopposed. In the 2009 elections with two incumbents not running for re-election, Michael Goldberg was elected to another four-year term, along with newcomers Janine Bauer and Nancy Gould, by a nearly 2-1", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1149487", "score": "1.0820332", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "G. K. Vasan", "text": "roles at both National and State Level politics. He became a Secretary (in 2002) of All India Congress Committee and rose to the level of becoming the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee in 2004; making him only next to Perunthalaivar K. Kamarajar who held the honour of being the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. G K Vasan extensively toured the state to rejuvenate the party cadres and interacted with general public to strengthen the organisation. In his maiden election (13th Tamil Nadu State Assembly Election) as a President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee; in an alliance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2943271", "score": "1.0786463", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "McGill University", "text": "and was elected as president of the Republic of Latvia in 1999, serving until 2007, as the first female president in Eastern Europe after Turkey's Tansu Çiller. Ahmed Nazif also completed a Ph.D. at McGill in 1983 and has served as the youngest prime minister of Egypt since the republic's founding in 1953. Zbigniew Brzezinski, former United States National Security Advisor under President Jimmy Carter completed both his B.A. and M.A. degrees at McGill in 1949 and 1950, respectively. McGill students are also recognized as athletes, including various members of Canadian national teams and twenty-eight Olympic medalists. Since the Olympics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9141104", "score": "1.0766889", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca", "text": "4 April 2014. Coleiro Preca is the youngest person to assume the office of President, sworn in at the age of 55, and is the second woman to hold the post after Agatha Barbara. In 2014 Coleiro Preca announced the formation of The President's Foundation for the Wellbeing of Society, a non-profit consultative and research entity advising the President of Malta on initiatives to help improve social inclusion and standards of living. Hosted Queen Elizabeth II at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015. Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca, (born 7 December 1958) is a Maltese politician and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11845375", "score": "1.0677946", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ibrahim Mohamed Solih", "text": "a direction more favoured by the MDP-led opposition coalition. Solih assumed office on 17 November 2018, when the five-year term of Abdulla Yameen expired. Solih became the 7th President of the Maldives and the country's third democratically elected president (following Mohamed Nasheed and Abdulla Yameen) since Nasheed unseated Maumoon Abdul Gayoom in the 2008 election, thus ending the latter's 30-year long, six-term incumbency. Solih is the first Maldivian president to be born in the country's northern atolls, as well as the second-oldest person to assume the presidency, at the age of 54 (with only Mohamed Waheed Hassan being older when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20802720", "score": "1.0677414", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "G. K. Vasan", "text": "with DMK, fielded 10 candidates and won all of them. An act of recognition for his performance in state politics; Indian National Congress Committee elevated G K Vasan to become a Member of Rajya Sabha, an upper house of Indian Parliament in the year 2002. G K Vasan was also privileged to be the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee; making him until today, the only person next to Perunthalaivar K. Kamarajar who held the honour of being the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. G. K Vasan was elected from the state of Tamil Nadu to Indian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2943272", "score": "1.0634683", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Frank T. Johns", "text": "America (SLP) was forced to appear on the Oregon ballot in those years due to state electoral laws. Johns was nominated for President of the United States by the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) in 1924. At the time of his selection, Johns was the youngest person ever to be nominated by a political party to run for President, just 255 days over the constitutional requirement of 35 years. Johns and running mate Verne L. Reynolds received 33,904 votes from 20 states in which they appeared on the ballot. The official report by the SLP's governing National Executive Committee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12535034", "score": "1.0623275", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Vuk Jeremić", "text": "with Russia's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sergey Lavrov. For the United Nations General Assembly's 67th session (commencing in September 2012), the office of President of the General Assembly was slated to be occupied by an individual from Eastern Europe, one of the five regional groups of UN member states. Jeremić ran against Lithuania's Dalius Čekuolis, and was elected president by a simple majority of votes (99–85) among members of the General Assembly. The election marked the first time since 1991 that the General Assembly had to vote in order to select its next president. Jeremić became the youngest president in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10247895", "score": "1.0618658", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Baby of the House", "text": "years old when elected in February 2016. The youngest TD of all time was William J. Murphy, elected age 21 years 29 days; the youngest female TD was Kathleen O'Connor, 21 years 7 months. The youngest senator in Seanad Éireann is Fintan Warfield who was elected as a senator at the age of 24. The youngest member of the Chamber of Deputies ever is Enzo Lattuca (PD), elected in 2013 aged 25. The youngest MP in Malawi was Angela Zachepa who was voted in as MP at age 21. In Malaysia the term is rarely used. Most MPs and Senators", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6172837", "score": "1.0618006", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Francisco Flores Pérez", "text": "29, 1998, ARENA announced Flores as their candidate for the presidential election of the following year. He was considered a moderate within the party. At the age of 37 (the youngest chief executive on the continent at that time), Flores became the third consecutive president from ARENA by winning an outright majority in the elections in March 1999, and took office on June 1, 1999. He served his five-year term, and was succeeded by another member of his political party, Elías Antonio Saca, in July 2004. Flores's government was characterized by its close alignment with United States policies. El Salvador", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2384195", "score": "1.061242", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Khaled Ali", "text": "the evening of 27 February 2012, hours after he announced the press conference on Twitter. His press conference was a well-attended event, held one day after his 40th birthday, the minimum age eligible to run for the office. He is the youngest candidate to enter the race. “I am a candidate from one of Egypt’s villages ... a humble farmer, a president from Tahrir,\" Ali said. “I decided to pursue the race as a young man, inclined to support the poor, against military rule and with the rights of our martyrs. I am not afraid, so long as I have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16337209", "score": "1.0588148", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hereditary politicians", "text": "Vice President but lost to Noynoy Aquino. Meanwhile, his son Jinggoy followed his foosteps as he was elected mayor of San Juan City in 1992 when he was 29 years old which made him the youngest elected mayor in the country. Jinggoy stayed in office until 2001, the year when his father was ousted as president. Then in 2004 he was elected as a senator and rose to the position of Senate president pro tempore after 3 years. Unfortunately, Jinggoy was also charged with plunder when the PDAF Scam involving Janet Lim-Napoles was exposed in 2013. He was released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18838171", "score": "1.0555251", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Bharrat Jagdeo", "text": "age 35, he was one of the youngest heads of state in the world. Jagdeo was re-elected for another five-year term on 28 August 2006, with the PPP garnering 54.6 percent of the votes. It expanded its majority, by two, to 36 seats in the 65-member parliament. He was sworn in for another term on 2 September. At the PPP's 29th Congress, Jagdeo received the highest number of votes (777) in the election to the party's Central Committee, held on 2 August 2008. He was then elected to the PPP Executive Committee on 12 August 2008. In late 2011, his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2384448", "score": "1.0552338", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Late bloomer", "text": "to his election to the presidency and first to reach seventy years of age before entering office, as well as the first U.S. President to assume the office without any prior military or political experience. Some highly successful politicians come from more unusual backgrounds. Václav Havel, born in 1936, was a playwright and writer with an interest in human rights. He became the voice of the opposition in Czechoslovakia in the 1980s and President of Czechoslovakia at age 53 after the collapse of the communist regime in 1989. Ronald Reagan, a former actor, union leader, and corporate spokesman, was first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6341072", "score": "1.054821", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mialy Rajoelina", "text": "Rajoelina was Africa's youngest president, while Mialy Rajoelina, who was in her 30s during her tenure, was Africa's youngest first lady at the time. Mialy Rajoelina Mialy Rajoelina (born Mialy Razakandisa) is the spouse of Andry Rajoelina, the president of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar from 2009 until 2014. She is the president and spokesperson of \"Fitia\", a humanitarian association aiming at helping the poor and the sick. She is the youngest first lady Madagascar has ever had. Mialy was born as the oldest of three girls and has a master's degree in finance and accounting management at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16507258", "score": "1.0541929", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Jono Jumamoy", "text": "Jono Jumamoy Jono Jumamoy (born Jose Jono Jumamoy on November 6, 1986) is the youngest mayor elected in the Philippines history at age 21. The late senator and statesman Ninoy Aquino became the youngest mayor in the Philippines in Concepcion, Tarlac at age 22. Jumamoy chose to leave his promising pasture at the World Bank instead he went back to Philippines to run as mayor in Inabanga, Bohol on May 14, 2007 elections. He won by over 6,000 votes against his political opponent. Born to Jose and Maria Socorro Jumamoy, also politicians in Bohol, he finished his elementary and high", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13044447", "score": "1.0539126", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Amitabh Bachchan" ]

[ { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actor", "text": "National Film Award for Best Actor The National Film Award for Best Actor, officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor (), is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India instituted since 1967 to actors who have delivered the best performance in a leading role within the Indian film industry. Called the \"State Awards for Films\" when established in 1954, the National Film Awards ceremony is older than the Directorate of Film Festivals. The State Awards instituted the individual award in 1968 as the \"Bharat Award for the Best Actor\"; in 1975, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6924886", "score": "1.1418313", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actor", "text": "and Mammootty (Malayalam and English). The most recent recipient is Riddhi Sen, who was honoured at the 65th National Film Awards for his performance in the Bengali film \"Nagarkirtan\".Riddhi Sen is the youngest reciepient of this prestigious award.He won it at the age of 19. National Film Award for Best Actor The National Film Award for Best Actor, officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor (), is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India instituted since 1967 to actors who have delivered the best performance in a leading role within the Indian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6924889", "score": "1.099156", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actor", "text": "was renamed as the \"Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor\". Throughout the past 45 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of India has presented a total of 52 \"Best Actor\" awards to 40 actors. Until 1974, winners of the National Film Award received a figurine and certificate; since 1975, they have been awarded with a \"Rajat Kamal\" (silver lotus), certificate and a cash prize. Although the Indian film industry produces films in around 20 languages and dialects, the actors whose performances have won awards have worked in seven major languages: Hindi (twenty-two awards), Malayalam (thirteen awards),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6924887", "score": "1.0895219", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor", "text": "the 41st National Film Awards, while Prabhavalkar won at the 54th National Film Awards for his performances in the Hindi film \"Lage Raho Munna Bhai\" (2006) and the Marathi film \"Shevri\" (2006). At the 42nd National Film Awards, the award was tied between Ashish Vidyarthi and Nagesh, winning for their roles in the Hindi film \"Drohkaal\" (1994) and the Tamil film \"Nammavar\" (1994), respectively. The most recent recipient of the award is Fahadh Faasil, who earned the award at the 65th National Film Awards ceremony for his performance in the Malayalam film \"Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum\" (2017). National Film Award for Best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929074", "score": "1.0825224", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actress", "text": "actresses to be honoured for the same film. The most recent recipient is Sridevi, who was posthumously honoured at the 65th ceremony for her performance in the 2017 Hindi film \"Mom\". National Film Award for Best Actress The National Film Award for Best Actress (officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actress) is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India since 1968 to an actress for the best performance in a leading role within the Indian film industry. The National Film Awards were called the \"State Awards for Films\" when established in 1954.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929038", "score": "1.0779517", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Nana Patekar", "text": "Best Villain Award for his role in \"Apaharan\" (2005). In 2017 he won the Filmfare Marathi award for best actor for his performance in \"Natsamrat\". He is the only actor ever to win Filmfare Award for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor and Best Villain categories. He was bestowed with the fourth highest civilian honour of India, the Padma Shri award for his dedication in the field of Films and Arts. Patekar was born as Vishwanath Patekar on 1 January 1951 in Murud-Janjira in Raigad District, Maharashtra. He is an alumnus of the Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Art, Mumbai. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3820048", "score": "1.0667781", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actress", "text": "and Urdu. The first recipient was Nargis Dutt from Bollywood, who was honoured at the 15th National Film Award (1968) for her performance in \"Raat Aur Din\". The actress who won the most number of Rajat Kamal awards is Shabana Azmi with five wins, followed by Sharada with three. As of 2016, five actresses—Smita Patil, Archana, Shobana, Tabu, and Kangana Ranaut—have won the award two times. Sharada, Archana and Shobana are the only three actresses to get the award for performing in two different languages. Sharada was bestowed with the awards for her performances in two Malayalam films: \"Thulabharam\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929036", "score": "1.0633665", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actress", "text": "National Film Award for Best Actress The National Film Award for Best Actress (officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actress) is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India since 1968 to an actress for the best performance in a leading role within the Indian film industry. The National Film Awards were called the \"State Awards for Films\" when established in 1954. The State Awards instituted the \"Best Actress\" category in 1968 as the \"Urvashi Award for the Best Actress\"; in 1975, the \"Urvashi Award\" was renamed as the \"Rajat Kamal Award for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929034", "score": "1.0507369", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor", "text": "is given a \"Rajat Kamal\" (Silver Lotus) certificate and a cash prize of . Including ties and repeat winners, the government of India has presented a total of 32 Best Supporting Actor awards to 29 different actors. Although Indian cinema produces films in more than 20 languages, the actors whose performances have won awards have worked in one or more of seven major languages: Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Marathi. The first recipient was Victor Banerjee, who was honoured at the 32nd National Film Awards for his performance in the Bengali film \"Ghare Baire\" (1984). As of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929072", "score": "1.0505359", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actor", "text": "The first recipient was Uttam Kumar from Bengali cinema, who was honoured at the 15th National Film Awards in 1968 for his performances in Anthony Firingee and Chiriyakhana. As of 2017, Amitabh Bachchan is the most honoured actor, with four awards. Two actors—Kamal Haasan and Mammootty—have been honoured three times, while six actors—Sanjeev Kumar, Mithun Chakraborty, Om Puri, Naseeruddin Shah, Mohanlal, and Ajay Devgn—have won the award two times. Two actors have achieved the honour for performing in two languages—Mithun Chakraborty (Hindi and Bengali) and Mammootty (Malayalam and English). The most recent recipient is Riddhi Sen, who was honoured at", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor", "text": "National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor The National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor, officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Supporting Actor (), is an honour presented annually at India's National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF), an organisation set up by the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. A national panel appointed annually by the DFF selects the actor who has given the best performance in a supporting role within Indian cinema. The award is presented by the President of India at a ceremony held in New Delhi. The winner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929071", "score": "1.0445421", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Actress", "text": "the Best Actress\". Throughout the years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of India has presented a total of 52 Best Actress awards to 41 different actresses. Until 1974, winners of the National Film Award received a figurine and certificate; since 1975, they have been awarded with a \"Rajat Kamal\" (silver lotus), certificate and a cash prize that amounted to in 2012. Although the Indian film industry produces films in more than 20 languages and dialects, the actresses whose performances have won awards have worked in ten major languages: Assamese, Bengali, English, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929035", "score": "1.0363855", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor", "text": "2013 awards, three actors—Nana Patekar, Pankaj Kapur, and Atul Kulkarni—have been honoured twice. Patekar was awarded for the Hindi films \"Parinda\" (1989) and \"Agni Sakshi\" (1996). Kapur received the awards for his work in the Hindi films \"Raakh\" (1988) and \"Maqbool\" (2003). Kulkarni was awarded for his performances in the Tamil / Hindi film \"Hey Ram\" (1999) and the Hindi film \"Chandni Bar\" (2001). Paresh Rawal and Dilip Prabhavalkar have each won the award for two performances in a single year. Rawal received the award for his starring roles in the Hindi films \"Woh Chokri\" (1993) and \"Sir\" (1993) at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929073", "score": "1.0344418", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress", "text": "most recent recipient is Divya Dutta, who was honoured at the 65th National Film Awards for her performance in the Hindi film \"Irada\" (2017). National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress is an honour presented annually at India's National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF), an organisation set up by the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Since 1984, the award is given by a national panel appointed annually by the DFF to an actress for the best performance in a supporting role within Indian cinema. It is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929078", "score": "1.0343496", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "National Film Awards", "text": "specified in Eighth schedule of the Constitution of India: Official Name: \"Swarna Kamal\" Official Name: \"Rajat Kamal\" Official Name: \"Swarna Kamal\" National Film Awards The National Film Awards is the most prominent film award ceremonies in India. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals since 1973. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6912130", "score": "1.028045", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Uttam Kumar", "text": "Soumitra chatterjee), When the Indian government instituted the National Film Awards for National Film Award for Best Actor and National Film Award for Best Actress in 1967, Uttam Kumar was the first-ever recipient of the Best Actor Award for his performances in \"Antony Firingee\" and \"Chiriyakhana\" in 1967. He explored new avenues of film-making by trying his hand at production, singing, composing music, screenplay writing and directing. The success of his Indian films as producer — \"Harano Sur\", \"Saptapadi\", \"Bhrantibilash\", \"Jotugriha\" (1964), \"Grihadah\" — won greatest acclaim.On producing Chhoti Si Mulaqat in 1967, which was a Hindi film starring Uttam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5645439", "score": "1.0274374", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rajkumar (actor)", "text": "he received the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award for his outstanding contributions to the Kannada film industry. In 2011, during the 83rd birth anniversary of Rajkumar, the Chief Minister of Karnataka announced that the state government is \"recommending Rajkumar\" for a Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country for his outstanding contribution to the film industry. Rajkumar holds the record of winning Eight South Filmfare Awards in the Best Actor category in Kannada cinema. Below is the films for which he received the Best Actor awards include: Total of 8 Filmfare awards for best actor category. On July 2005,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2777511", "score": "1.0250994", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Screen Award for Best Actor (Popular Choice)", "text": "2012, 2014, 2015, 2016) in the last six years thus making him the most Awarded Actor. Screen Award for Best Actor (Popular Choice) The Screen Award for Best Actor - Popular Choice has been introduced in 2009 during the Screen Awards. Unlike the Screen Award for Best Actor which is chosen by the jury, this trophy is given by the viewers to the actor whose performance is judged the most popular. Akshay Kumar was the first winner for his performance in Singh is Kinng in 2009 but he did not accept his award and gave it away to Aamir Khan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15280379", "score": "1.022985", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "61st National Film Awards", "text": "writer and film director. He has won five National Film Awards, 20 Filmfare Awards, one Academy Award, one Grammy Award and is also Padma Bhushan recipient of 2004. A Bengali film, Jaatishwar won the maximum number of awards (4) followed by Telugu film Na Bangaaru Talli, Tamil film Thanga Meenkal and Marathi film Yellow (3 awards each) For the Feature Film section, six committees were formed based on the different geographic regions in India. The two-tier evaluation process included a central committee and five regional committees. The central committee, headed by Saeed Akhtar Mirza, included the heads of each regional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17403952", "score": "1.0172276", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Feature Film", "text": "Awards (2006). In 1973 and 1974, the lead actor and actress of the film were also awarded. P. J. Antony and Sumithra received a souvenir for Malayalam film \"Nirmalyam\" at the 21st National Film Awards (1973). Antony was also awarded the Best Actor, then known as the \"Bharat Award for the Best Actor\". Utpal Dutt and Gita Sen were awarded with a medallion for Bengali Film \"Chorus\" at 22nd National Film Awards (1974). Films in the following languages have won the Best Feature Film award: National Film Award for Best Feature Film The National Award for Best Feature Film is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6913179", "score": "1.0169618", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "National Film Awards", "text": "National Film Awards The National Film Awards is the most prominent film award ceremonies in India. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals since 1973. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where the award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6912123", "score": "1.0152324", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress", "text": "was awarded for the Hindi films \"Tamas\" (1987) and \"Mammo\" (1994), while Lalitha won the awards for her work in the Malayalam films \"Amaram\" (1990) and \"Shantham\" (2000). Egyptian actress Aida El-Kashef, who was honoured at the 61st National Film Awards for her performances in the English-Hindi film \"Ship of Theseus\" (2013) is the only non-Indian actress to win the award. Ties between two actresses have occurred in the years 1999, 2012 and 2013. Konkona Sen Sharma, Sharmila Tagore and Kangana Ranaut are the three actresses to receive honours in both acting categories: Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6929077", "score": "1.0116677", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Anupam Kher", "text": "Award for Special Mention twice for his performances in \"Daddy\" (1989) and \"Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara\" (2005). For his performance in the film \"Vijay\" (1988), he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. Besides working in Hindi films, he has also appeared in many acclaimed international films such as the Golden Globe nominated \"Bend It Like Beckham\" (2002), Ang Lee's Golden Lion–winning \"Lust, Caution\" (2007), and David O. Russell's Oscar-winning \"Silver Linings Playbook\" (2013). He received a BAFTA nomination for his supporting role in the British television sitcom \"The Boy with the Topknot\" (2018). He has held the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2563082", "score": "1.01039", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor", "text": "Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor is a state film award of the Indian state of Karnataka given during the annual Karnataka State Film Awards. The award honours Kannada Language films. The first recipient was Rajkumar who was honored in 1967 for his performance in \"Bangaarada Hoovu\". As of 2017 he was the most honored actor with nine awards. Vishnuvardhan was honored in seven occasions. Two actors Anant Nag, Shiva Rajkumar have been honored four times, while Lokesh honored three times and two actors Ramesh Aravind, Puneeth Rajkumar have won the award", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14600645", "score": "1.0075897", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Anupam Kher", "text": "Anupam Kher Anupam Kher (born 7 March 1955) is an Indian actor and the former Chairman of Film and Television Institute of India. He is the recipient of two National Film Awards and eight Filmfare Awards. He has appeared in over 500 films in several languages and many plays. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his performance in \"Saaransh\" (1984). He holds the record for winning the Filmfare Award for Best Comedian five times in total for: \"Ram Lakhan\" (1989), \"Lamhe\" (1991), \"Khel\" (1992), \"Darr\" (1993) and \"Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge\" (1995). He won the National Film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2563081", "score": "1.0068805", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Anil Kapoor", "text": "(1986), \"Mr. India\" (1987), \"Ghar Ho To Aisa\" (1990), \"Awaargi\" (1990), \"Benaam Badsha\" (1991), and \"Virasat\" (1997), for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor; \"Taal\" (1999), for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award; \"Pukar\" (2000), which earned him a National Film Award for Best Actor; \"No Entry\" (2005) and \"Dil Dhadakne Do\" (2015) for which he won his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award. Kapoor's first role in an international film was in Danny Boyle's Academy Award-winning film \"Slumdog Millionaire,\" for which he shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4067500", "score": "1.0065025", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Filmfare Award for Best Actor", "text": "in 2011 and 2013 for his role as Chulbul Pandey in \"Dabangg\" and \"Dabangg 2\" respectively. Multiple nominees Filmfare Award for Best Actor The Filmfare Award for Best Actor is an award, begun in 1954, presented annually at the Filmfare Awards to an actor for the best performance in a leading role in Hindi cinema. This is given by \"Filmfare\" as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi (Bollywood) films. The award was first given in 1954. As of 2018, Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan lead the list, with eight wins each. Dilip Kumar and Shah Rukh Khan,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3655707", "score": "1.0057114", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor", "text": "two times. The award was shared in 1998 between Vishnuvardhan and Ramesh Aravind. The most recent recipient is Vishruth Naik who is honored in 2017 for his performance in the film \"Manjari\". The following is a complete list of award winners and the name of the films for which they won. Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor is a state film award of the Indian state of Karnataka given during the annual Karnataka State Film Awards. The award honours Kannada Language films. The first recipient was Rajkumar who was honored in 1967", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14600646", "score": "1.005255", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist", "text": "National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist The National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). The award was instituted in 2006, at 54th National Film Awards and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages. Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12085575", "score": "1.0041649", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "62nd National Film Awards", "text": "were eligible. Films were required to be certified as a feature film, a featurette or a Documentary/Newsreel/Non-Fiction by the Central Board of Film Certification. Introduced in 1969, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award is the highest award given to recognise the contributions of film personalities towards the development of Indian cinema and for distinguished contributions to the medium, its growth and promotion. Following were the jury members: For the year 2014, the award was announced on 23 March 2015 to be presented to actor, film-maker Shashi Kapoor. He has won two National Film Awards including Best Actor for \"New Delhi Times\" in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17977822", "score": "1.002535", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "March 26, 1973" ]

[ { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "on SOAPnet until 2013, when \"Y&R\" moved to TVGN (now Pop). Pop still airs the encore episodes on weeknights, starting July 1, 2013. The series is also syndicated internationally. \"The Young and the Restless\" originally focused on two core families: the wealthy Brooks family and the working class Foster family. After a series of recasts and departures in the early 1980s, all the original characters except Jill Foster and Katherine Chancellor were written out. Bell replaced them with the new core families, the Abbotts and the Williamses. Over the years, other families such as the Newmans, Winters, and the Baldwin-Fishers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579387", "score": "1.1888914", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless storylines", "text": "J.T. Hellstrom (Thad Luckinbill). The Young and the Restless storylines The storylines of the soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" have changed over the years since the show debuted in 1973. Originally examining the lives of the wealthy Brooks and the poor Fosters, a series of recasts and departures in the early 1980s turned the focus of \"The Young and the Restless\" to the Abbotts and the Newmans, including the corporate rivalry between their two respective companies. However, one basic plot that has run throughout almost all of the program's history is the rivalry between Jill Foster Abbott and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10381025", "score": "1.1803384", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "of \"The Young and the Restless\", a series that emphasized family problems, sexual intrigue, and gossip. In Australia, \"The Young and the Restless\" airs after \"Days of Our Lives\" on Arena. It previously aired on the Nine Network from April 1, 1974 to February 23, 2007, before joining the W line-up on April 2, 2007, to August 17, 2012, On July 20, 2012, it was announced that the show would move to Arena on August 20, 2012, after W rebranded as SoHo. Episodes are approximately one week behind those airing in the US at present. In New Zealand, \"The Young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579415", "score": "1.1783423", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "and the Restless\" aired alongside \"Days of Our Lives\" on TV ONE and ended on November 6, 2009. The soap was approximately four seasons behind the CBS season due to being preempted by holiday and sporting programming. In the Philippines, aired from 1987 to 1989 on ABS-CBN. In the United Kingdom, \"The Young and The Restless\" has aired on many TV channels starting in 1990, when episodes from 1987 debuted on BSB Galaxy in a regular weekday timeslot. When BSB merged with Sky in November 1990, the soap moved to Sky's flagship channel Sky One and aired at 11:00 weekdays", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579416", "score": "1.1622214", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless storylines", "text": "The Young and the Restless storylines The storylines of the soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" have changed over the years since the show debuted in 1973. Originally examining the lives of the wealthy Brooks and the poor Fosters, a series of recasts and departures in the early 1980s turned the focus of \"The Young and the Restless\" to the Abbotts and the Newmans, including the corporate rivalry between their two respective companies. However, one basic plot that has run throughout almost all of the program's history is the rivalry between Jill Foster Abbott and Katherine Chancellor. \"The Young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10380962", "score": "1.151279", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Judith Chapman", "text": "of Anjelica Devereaux Curtis on \"Days of Our Lives\", playing that part from 1989-1990 and briefly in 1991. She made her first appearance on \"The Young and the Restless\" after that, briefly subbing for Jess Walton as Jill Abbott. She joined the cast of \"The Young and the Restless\" full-time in January 2005, replacing Joan Van Ark in the contract role of Gloria Fisher. In March 2011, it was announced that Chapman had been taken off her contract and bumped to recurring. In October 2014, it was announced that she would make a guest appearance as Gloria on \"The Bold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3582916", "score": "1.14983", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "the Restless\" on average is the most-watched daytime drama showing. When introduced during the 1972–73 season, the show was at the bottom of the ratings, but rose rapidly: ninth by 1974–75 and third by 1975–76. By 1988–89 it had dethroned long-time leader \"General Hospital\" as the top-rated soap, a position it has held ever since. During the week of December 2, 2013, the series celebrated their twenty-fifth year as the number one daytime drama. \"The Young and the Restless\" airs every weeknight on Pop, where it averaged 362,000 viewers from July to September 2013. The Young and the Restless The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579423", "score": "1.1435593", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless storylines", "text": "Katherine lost her company and partially blamed this on Jill who was sleeping with Tucker. Tucker and Katherine have since started to develop a relationship while Jill and Katherine remain at odds. By the early 1980s, most of the Brooks and Foster families had been recast again and again, and when \"The Young and the Restless\" expanded to an hour in 1980, many lead actors said they could not sustain themselves on an hour show. Show creator William J. Bell told himself he would wait for one more major departure before making big changes. When Jaime Lyn Bauer, who played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10380976", "score": "1.1409181", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s)", "text": "despite the current circumstances. As a result of the Loretta role portrayed by Kelly Hyman, she was nominated for the 8th Youth in Film Awards, Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress. The Young and the Restless characters (1980s) A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1980 and December 1989. Julia Newman first appeared in February 1980 along with Victor Newman (Eric Braeden). She was portrayed by Meg Bennett until 1981, with reprise appearances from 1982 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16367499", "score": "1.1396928", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. The show is set in a fictional Wisconsin town called Genoa City, which is unlike and unrelated to the real life village of the same name, Genoa City, Wisconsin. First broadcast on March 26, 1973, The Young and the Restless was originally broadcast as half-hour episodes, five times a week. The show expanded to one-hour episodes on February 4, 1980. In 2006, the series began airing encore episodes weeknights on SOAPnet until 2013, when Y&R moved to TVGN (now Pop). Pop still airs the encore episodes on weeknights, starting", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s)", "text": "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009. Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil. The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell. Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\". In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16372853", "score": "1.1379572", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "Innocent Years!\" \"We were confronted with the very disturbing reality that young America had lost much of its innocence,\" Bell said. \"Innocence as we had known and lived it all our lives had, in so many respects, ceased to exist.\" They changed the title of the series to \"The Young and the Restless\" because they felt it \"reflected the youth and mood of the early seventies.\" The Bells named the fictional setting for the show after the real Genoa City, Wisconsin, which was located on their way from their then-home in Chicago to their annual summer vacation spot in Lake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579390", "score": "1.1377048", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "was the leading daytime drama for an unprecedented 1,300 weeks, or 25 years. The serial is also a sister series to \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", as several actors have crossed over between shows. In June 2017, \"The Young and the Restless\" was renewed for three additional years. To compete with the youthful ABC soap operas, \"All My Children\", \"One Life to Live\", and \"General Hospital\", CBS executives wanted a new daytime serial that was youth oriented. William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell created \"The Young and the Restless\" in 1972 for the network under the working title, \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579389", "score": "1.1364954", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Lauren Fenmore", "text": "October 2, 1992. Bergman began making recurring appearances on the show on March 25, 1993 till April 5, 1993, April 29, 1993 to May 10, 1993, November 2 to 16, 1993, January 12, 1994, March 6 to 21, 1995, May 29 until June 7, 1995. Three years later, the actress left the role on \"The Young and the Restless\", migrating to its sister soap full-time on October 17, 1995 until August 16, 1999. Bregman would later make a few guest appearances on \"B&B\" on July 5, 2002, May 17 to 20, 2004 and January 22, 2007. After a return guest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8167966", "score": "1.1350032", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless storylines", "text": "joined the cast as Gloria Fisher, Michael Baldwin's mother, remaining until early 2005. She was replaced by Judith Chapman. The role of Lily Winters was first made popular by actress Christel Khalil. \"The Young and the Restless\" recast Lily with Davetta Sherwood in 2005 but the role was eventually given back to Khalil in 2006. The 2005 the role of Mackenzie Browning was recast from Ashley Bashioum to Rachel Kimsey. Kimsey was released from her contract in May 2006 and the character returned in 2009 played by Clementine Ford. The recasting of Mac took place shortly after the character of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10380996", "score": "1.1347437", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Eileen Davidson", "text": "later, Davidson signed a three-year contract with \"The Young and the Restless\"'s sister soap \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" to once again play her \"The Young and the Restless\" character Ashley Abbott at the request of \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" executive producer Bradley Bell. She first aired on March 9, 2007. Ken Corday called Davidson about a week before she was fired from \"The Young and the Restless\" to get permission to use a picture of her on \"Days of Our Lives\". The picture, which featured Davidson as Susan, was shown in December 2006. After she was fired from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3237196", "score": "1.1312726", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless storylines", "text": "rescued by Ashley Abbott. Adam was the only one punished for involvement in the crime and sent to prison, where his eyesight began to vanish. Along with every other daytime soap, \"The Young and the Restless\" has suffered audience erosion, with very noticeable losses during the O.J. Simpson trial. For many months, The Young and the Restless was not shown at its regularly scheduled time during the televised Simpson trial. A trailer sometimes ran at the bottom of the TV screen informing viewers to use their VCRs to tape Y&R at random hours like 2:27 a.m., 4:26 a.m. There was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10381015", "score": "1.1310998", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (1990s)", "text": "Cassie's tragic death. Dr. Timothy \"Tim\" Reid first appeared in March 1996 on \"The Young and the Restless\" as a therapist of Phyllis Summers, who would later blackmail her. The role was portrayed by Aaron Lustig on that soap until November 29, 1997. In 2001, it was announced that Lustig would reprise the role on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", airing from February 20 to May 11, 2001. In April 2012, it was announced that the character would return to \"The Young and the Restless\" for a brief guest period, his first appearance in 15 years. He aired from May", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16347482", "score": "1.1255536", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "were introduced. Despite these changes, one storyline that has endured through almost the show's entire run is the feud between Jill Abbott and Katherine Chancellor, the longest rivalry on any American soap opera. Since its debut, \"The Young and the Restless\" has won nine Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series. It is also currently the highest-rated daytime drama on American television. As of 2008, it had appeared at the top of the weekly Nielsen ratings in that category for more than 1,000 weeks since 1988. As of December 12, 2013, according to Nielsen ratings, \"The Young and the Restless\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579388", "score": "1.1242183", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (1980s)", "text": "first appeared in April 1984, portrayed by Anthony Pena. He was placed on contract with the series until being downgraded to recurring status in May, 2006. The character was a longtime servant to the Newman family. History<br> For over twenty years, soft-spoken Miguel Rodriguez was the loyal servant of the Newman family. He first started working for Victor Newman, but later took care of the entire Newman family and eventually became the head of the Newman Ranch staff. He was best known for his delicious cooking and for setting up parties for the entire family. He was always there when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16367425", "score": "1.1174234", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Ashley Abbott", "text": "Lives\" as Kristen DiMera, a character she had portrayed there over 14 years prior. Davidson made a brief return to \"The Young and the Restless\" in March 2013 for the soap's 40th anniversary. After subsequent guest appearances, Davidson returned to \"The Young and the Restless\" on September 3, 2014, as a series regular. In June 2018, Davidson quit the role, and would exit once again. Eileen Davidson originated the role of Ashley Abbott in June 1982, until her first exit on December 2, 1988. The role was immediately recast with Brenda Epperson, who portrayed Ashley for seven years from December", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8117936", "score": "1.1168839", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (2010)", "text": "love with Colin all over again and remarried him. He shortly returned in September 2016, and found out that Jill knew about Phyllis and Billy's affair. He offered Jack Abbott to reveal something a secret about his wife for $1 million. Jack firstly refuses the offer but eventually comes back to Colin with a bag of cash to discover the truth. Jill and Colin briefly separated in 2017 after he emptied her personal bank account. The Young and the Restless characters (2010) \"The Young and the Restless\" is an American television soap opera. It was first broadcast on March 26,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16206357", "score": "1.1157118", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "he wrote in memory of the death of his son. In late September and early October 2012, upon the show's 10,000th episode, the current form of opening credits were updated. In the years prior, fans criticized them for their lack of updates and cast additions (some contract players, such as Adrienne Frantz, and Kimberlin Brown came and went without being added). In mid-February 2017, the current form of opening credits were updated to honor the history on CBS Daytime and to carry them into the future as they approach the 44th anniversary. As of 2010, \"The Young and the Restless\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579421", "score": "1.1144925", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "Dynasty and Dallas in the daytime]. It was attracting around 18–20,000 viewers at midnight in the last week of its broadcast in the UK in August 2010. In Italy \"The Young and the Restless\" aired from February 1983 to February 1984 on \"Italia Uno\", from October 1984 to June 1995 on \"Rete 4\", in the summer of 1995 on \"Canale 5\" and from April 1998 to October 2009 again on \"Rete 4\". They were shown US episodes from autumn 1979 to March 1986, from November 1989 to December 1993 and from November 1998 to January 2007. \"Nadia's Theme\" has been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579418", "score": "1.1141217", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless storylines", "text": "\"The Young and the Restless\" and \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", the character was later handed over to Michelle Stafford, who also plays Phyllis. Although this recast was mainly storyline-directed, since Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis, fans of Sheila have expressed mixed opinions regarding Brown's absence in the role. Unlike other soaps in the 1980s or 1990s, \"The Young and the Restless\" avoided preachy social issues. When they did touch on such issues as abortion or the homeless crisis or AIDS, it was only as a plot device with a few facts and statistics thrown in for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10380998", "score": "1.1125075", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless storylines", "text": "not a set re-broadcast time after midnight, and this was years before the internet was in homes, which would have allowed viewers to watch online as you can in 2014. Many long-time viewers simply gave up trying to figure out when to set their VCRs, and gave up permanently on the show. Y&R permanently lost millions of viewers as a result. Every year after the Simpson trial, Y&R has mostly lost viewers. In the 2000s they took some power away from longtime producer Edward J. Scott and head writer Kay Alden, and started to instead rely on head writer John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10381016", "score": "1.1103567", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Jana Hawkes", "text": "October 10, 2006 to February 20, 2007, when the character disappeared from the canvas temporarily until her return on June 15, 2007. O'Brien earned two Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Younger Actress in 2008 and 2009. In March 2011, news broke that O'Brien had been let go from \"The Young and the Restless\", with her final airdate on May 6, 2011. Prior to her firing, O'Brien was pre-nominated for another Daytime Emmy in the same category. Jana Hawkes, a British woman with a mysterious past, came to Genoa City in 2006 and was hired as an employee at Kevin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8967809", "score": "1.1100737", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Amber Moore", "text": "and becoming an enemy of Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown), a psychotic criminal. She last appeared during the episode that aired April 14, 2005. Frantz was later brought over to \"The Young and the Restless\" by former head writer Lynn Marie Latham, where she aired from November 28, 2006 to May 27, 2010. There, she became involved in storylines involving Katherine Chancellor (Jeanne Cooper), the show's matriarch. She also had romances with Cane Ashby (Daniel Goddard) and Daniel Romalotti (Michael Graziadei). After her exit, she returned to \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Upon her return, she became pregnant and gave birth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14098278", "score": "1.1059201", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Screening of soap operas in Australia", "text": "This was seen as a return to free to air for the two US soaps, as they have not been broadcast on free to air since 26 April 2013 (DOOL) and 23 February 2007 (Y&R) when Nine did not renew the rights. Although the soaps returned, the episodes are still a few years behind. However, viewers can access new episodes of the soaps on Foxtel. \"The Young and the Restless\" is an American soap opera that first aired in Australia on the Nine Network from 1 April 1974 to 23 February 2007. Nine paired \"The Young and the Restless\" with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9270989", "score": "1.1048009", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless", "text": "Television, which has now been replaced by Sony Pictures Television. \"The Young and the Restless\" originally aired as a half-hour series on CBS and was the first soap opera to focus on the visual aspects of production, creating \"a look that broke with the visual conventions of the genre.\" Similar to the radio serials that had preceded them, soap operas at the time primarily focused on dialogue, characters, and story, with details like sets as secondary concerns. \"The Young and the Restless\" stood out by using unique lighting techniques and camera angles, similar to Hollywood-style productions. The style of videotaping", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1579399", "score": "1.1026368", "original_retrieval_index": 43 } ]

[ "2002", "2001", "October 2004" ]

[ { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "made his league debut during the next match on 16 October, against Espanyol, coming on in the 82nd minute. At 17 years, three months, and 22 days old, he was at the time the youngest player to represent Barcelona in an official competition. As a substitute player, he played 77 minutes in nine matches for the first team that season, including his debut in the UEFA Champions League against Shakhtar Donetsk. He scored his first senior goal on 1 May 2005, against Albacete, from an assist by Ronaldinho, becoming – at that time – the youngest-ever scorer for the club.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438212", "score": "1.1742448", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "they were also unable to pay for his treatment due to the country's economic collapse. His goalscoring idol growing up was Ronaldo, with Messi calling him “the best forward I’ve ever seen”. As the Messi family had relatives in Catalonia, they sought to arrange a trial with Barcelona in September 2000. First team director Charly Rexach immediately wanted to sign him, but the board of directors hesitated; at the time it was highly unusual for European clubs to sign foreign players of such a young age. On 14 December, an ultimatum was issued for Barcelona to prove their commitment, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438202", "score": "1.1325521", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "minute during a friendly against José Mourinho's Porto on 16 November 2003. His performance, creating two chances and a shot on goal, impressed the technical staff, and he subsequently began training daily with the club's reserve side, Barcelona B, as well as weekly with the first team. After his first training session with the senior squad, Barça's new star player, Ronaldinho, told his teammates that he believed the 16-year-old would become an even better player than himself. Ronaldinho soon befriended Messi, whom he called \"little brother\", which greatly eased his transition into the first team. To gain further match experience,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438208", "score": "1.1046975", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2012–13 FC Barcelona season", "text": "an agreement with the club to extend his contract for another year until 30 June 2014. On 6 January, Barcelona won their first match of the year at home, against Espanyol 4–0. Two goals by Pedro and one each by Xavi and Lionel Messi were scored in the first 30 minutes of the game. On 7 January, Lionel Messi was announced the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or winner in Zürich. With 41.60% of the votes, Messi became the first player to win the award on four occasions, surpassing Johan Cruyff, Michel Platini and Marco van Basten, all with three. The win", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16465744", "score": "1.0971243", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2014–15 FC Barcelona season", "text": "Goals from Messi and Neymar and a late goal from youngster Sandro gave Barcelona a comfortable 3–1 win. On 25 October, Barcelona played the first \"Clásico\" of the season at the Santiago Bernabéu. This was the official debut match of star forward Luis Suárez due to his ban for biting Italy defender Giorgio Chellini during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Neymar gave Barcelona an early lead but Barcelona could not further capitalize on the lead; a converted penalty from Cristiano Ronaldo and goals from Pepe and Karim Benzema resulted in a 3–1 defeat. This was the first defeat for Barcelona", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18029037", "score": "1.0956496", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Bojan Krkić", "text": "match. Three days later, he made his UEFA Champions League debut against Lyon, coming on at the 88th minute for Messi. He was, at the time, the youngest Barcelona player ever to feature in a Champions League game, at 17 years and 22 days. He made his second Champions League appearance on 2 October, coming on at the 81st minute for Ronaldinho against VfB Stuttgart. On 20 October 2007 (at 17 years and 53 days), Bojan made his first league start for Barcelona away to Villarreal and scored in the 25th minute. It was his first goal for the club's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7848507", "score": "1.0930853", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "Barcelona, in their second season under Rijkaard, won the league for the first time in six years. On 24 June 2005, his 18th birthday, Messi signed his first contract as a senior team player. It made him a Barcelona player until 2010, two years less than his previous contract, but his buyout clause increased to €150 million. His breakthrough came two months later, on 24 August, during the Joan Gamper Trophy, Barcelona's pre-season competition. A starter for the first time, he gave a well-received performance against Fabio Capello's Juventus, receiving an ovation from the Camp Nou. While Capello requested to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438213", "score": "1.0763178", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "join Arsenal, his first from a foreign club, but while Fàbregas and Piqué soon left for England, he chose to remain in Barcelona. During the 2003–04 season, his fourth with Barcelona, Messi rapidly progressed through the club's ranks, debuting for a record five teams in a single campaign. After being named player of the tournament in four international pre-season competitions with the \"Juveniles\" B, he played only one official match with the team before being promoted to the \"Juveniles A\", where he scored 18 goals in 11 league games. Messi was then one of several youth players called up to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438206", "score": "1.0716972", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "Messi joined Barcelona C in addition to the \"Juveniles\" A, playing his first game for the third team on 29 November. He helped save them from the relegation zone of the Tercera División, scoring five goals in ten games, including a hat-trick in eight minutes during a Copa del Rey match while man-marked by Sevilla's Sergio Ramos. His progress was reflected in his first professional contract, signed on 4 February 2004, which lasted until 2012 and contained an initial buyout clause of €30 million. A month later, on 6 March, he made his debut for Barcelona B in the Segunda", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438209", "score": "1.063151", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "players of such a young age. On 14 December, an ultimatum was issued for Barcelona to prove their commitment, and Rexach, with no other paper at hand, offered a contract on a paper napkin. In February 2001, the family relocated to Barcelona, where they moved into an apartment near the club's stadium, Camp Nou. During his first year in Spain, Messi rarely played with the Infantiles due to a transfer conflict with Newell's; as a foreigner, he could only be fielded in friendlies and the Catalan league. Without football, he struggled to integrate into the team; already reserved by nature,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "his first title as Barcelona's captain, the Supercopa de España, following a 2–1 victory over Sevilla; with his 33rd title for the club, he also became the most decorated player in the team's history. On 19 August, Messi scored twice in helping Barcelona defeat Alavés 3–0 in their first La Liga match of the season, with his first goal, a free kick that he rolled under the jumping Alavés wall, making history in being Barcelona's 6000th goal in La Liga. On 18 September, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over PSV Eindhoven in Barcelona's opening Champions League", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438274", "score": "1.0607997", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "play. Wearing the number 19 shirt, he gradually established himself as the first-choice right winger, forming an attacking trio with Ronaldinho and striker Samuel Eto'o. He was in the starting line-up in major matches like his first \"Clásico\" against rivals Real Madrid on 19 November, as well as Barcelona's away victory over Chelsea in the last 16 round of the Champions League. After he had scored 8 goals in 25 games, including his first in the Champions League, his season ended prematurely during the return leg against Chelsea on 7 March 2006, when he suffered a torn hamstring. Messi worked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438215", "score": "1.060151", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "process. As a dual Argentine-Spanish national, Messi was eligible to play for the national team of both countries. Selectors for Spain's Under-17 squad began pursuing him in 2003 after Barcelona's director of football, Carles Rexach, alerted the Royal Spanish Football Federation to their young player. Messi declined the offer, having aspired to represent \"La Albiceleste\" since childhood. To further prevent Spain from taking him, the Argentine Football Association organised two under-20 friendlies in June 2004, against Paraguay and Uruguay, with the purpose of finalising his status as an Argentina player in FIFA. Five days after his 17th birthday, on 29", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438276", "score": "1.056909", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "FC Barcelona", "text": "\"El Clásico\". At the ceremony for the 2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or in December, Barcelona's La Masia became the first youth academy ever to have all three finalists for the Ballon d'Or, with Messi, Iniesta and Xavi being named the three best players in the world for 2010. In the 2010–11 season, Barcelona retained the La Liga trophy, their third title in succession, finishing with 96 points. In April 2011, the club reached the Copa del Rey final, losing 1–0 to Real Madrid at the Mestalla Stadium in Valencia. In May, Barcelona defeated Manchester United in the 2011 Champions League final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "772915", "score": "1.0556065", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "an assist from Messi. Now in his ninth senior season with Barcelona, Messi signed a new contract on 7 February, committing himself to the club through 2018, while his fixed wage rose to €13 million. He wore the captain's armband for the first time a month later, on 17 March, in a league match against Rayo Vallecano; by then, he had become the team's tactical focal point to a degree that was arguably rivalled only by former Barcelona players Josep Samitier, László Kubala and Johan Cruyff. Since his evolution into a false nine three years earlier, his input into the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438241", "score": "1.0534339", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2015–16 FC Barcelona season", "text": "Belarusian champions BATE Borisov. At the same event, Messi was crowned the 2014–15 UEFA Best Player in Europe for the second time in his career. On 29 August, Barcelona played their first match at home against Málaga which ended in a 1–0 victory. Thomas Vermaelen scored the only and his first goal for the club. On 1 September, Barcelona and English side West Ham United agreed on the loan of Alex Song for a second successive season. On 13 September, Barcelona traveled to the Vicente Calderón Stadium to face Atlético Madrid after the FIFA international break. The host took the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18789811", "score": "1.0526025", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final", "text": "match was billed as a showdown between Barcelona forward Lionel Messi and the 19-year-old Santos forward Neymar. Messi won the \"duel\" by scoring two goals in the final and being named man of the match as well as player of the tournament. Barcelona forward David Villa missed the final after he broke his shinbone in the semi-final victory over Al-Sadd. He was injured six minutes before half-time after appearing to land awkwardly; Barcelona announced after the match that he had suffered a \"fracture to the tibia in his left leg\" that could see him sidelined for four to five months.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16148058", "score": "1.0513895", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2009–10 FC Barcelona season", "text": "History & Statistic named Xavi the 2009 World's Best Playmaker and both teammates Lionel Messi and Andrés Iniesta received second and fourth place respectively. Lastly, manager Pep Guardiola was named 2009 World Club Coach. On 6 November, director general Joan Oliver confirmed that Barcelona would play a friendly in Kuwait on 21 December against Kuwaiti club Kazma Sporting Club at Al-Sadaqua Walsalam Stadium. It took place after the FIFA Club World Cup which was being hosted in the same region by the United Arab Emirates. The match finished 1–1 with both goals coming in the last 10 minutes of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13437582", "score": "1.0453112", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "Madrid's Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. Returning to the wing, he played his first final since breaking into the first team on 13 May, scoring once and assisting a second goal as Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 4–1 to win the Copa del Rey. With 23 league goals from Messi that season, Barcelona became La Liga champions three days later and achieved its fifth double. As the season's Champions League top scorer with nine goals, the youngest in the tournament's history, Messi scored two goals and assisted two more to ensure a 4–0 quarter-final victory over Bayern Munich. He returned as a false", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438225", "score": "1.0447268", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Arnau Riera", "text": "in Peralada in 2004. He was Lionel Messi's captain for the 2004–05 and 2005–06 seasons. Riera made substitute appearances for the Barcelona first team in 2004–05. He also played with the first team in friendlies against Marseille 04/05, China 03/04, Shaktar Donetsk 03/04. On 10 August 2006 Riera signed for Sunderland, and made his debut in the 3–1 defeat to Southend United at Roots Hall on 19 August 2006. He played well in his debut game, but was sent off just three minutes into the following match, a League Cup match against Bury which Sunderland lost 2–0 at Gigg Lane.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8495250", "score": "1.0420078", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2009 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "team on a lap of honour. During the match, \"UEFA.com\" users were able to vote for their man of the match; the public vote went to the scorer of Barcelona's second goal, Lionel Messi. The UEFA Technical Study Group, however, chose the man who provided the cross for Messi's goal, Xavi, as their man of the match, citing his control of the tempo of the match as the reason for their decision. Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola took the time to give special praise to Messi, whom he said he moved back into the midfield in order to increase the team's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10419840", "score": "1.0380275", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Arda Turan", "text": "for Barcelona. He placed a shot in the second half that was saved by Espanyol goalkeeper Pau. Turan played his first Liga match with Barcelona on 9 January 2016, the 17th matchday of the season, at home against Granada. The match ended 4–0, with Turan assisting Lionel Messi's opening goal. On 17 August 2016, Turan scored twice and Lionel Messi once as Barcelona earned a 3–0 second-leg victory over Sevilla to win the 2016 Supercopa de España 5–0 on aggregate. On 7 December 2016, Turan scored his first hat-trick for Barcelona during a Champions League group stage match against Borussia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5717376", "score": "1.0375749", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2014–15 FC Barcelona season", "text": "other scored by Neymar. Messi's first goal was scored through an impressive dribble on the right flank. The move started with Messi close to the half-way line. Cornered by four Bilbao players, Messi burst on and managed to beat them all with abnormal ease before running towards the goal and calmly slotting the ball past the goalkeeper. Messi's goal was subsequently nominated for the FIFA Puskás Award, an award given to the best goal of the year. On 6 June, Barcelona played the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final against Juventus with the opportunity for both teams to complete the continental", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18029061", "score": "1.0370435", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "nine during the final on 27 May in Rome against Manchester United. Barcelona were crowned champions of Europe by winning the match 2–0, the second goal coming from a Messi header over goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar. Barcelona thus achieved the first treble in the history of Spanish football. This success was reflected in a new contract, signed on 18 September, which committed Messi to the club through 2016 with a new buyout clause of €250 million, while his salary increased to €12 million. His team's prosperity continued into the second half of 2009, as Barcelona became the first club", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438226", "score": "1.036618", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "his win to the votes from the international coaches and captains. Towards the end of the season, Barcelona played four \"Clásicos\" in the span of 18 days. A league match on 16 April ended in a draw after a penalty from Messi. After Barcelona lost the Copa del Rey final four days later, Messi scored both goals in his side's 2–0 win in the first leg of the Champions League semi-finals in Madrid, the second of which – a slaloming dribble past three Real players – was acclaimed as one of the best ever in the competition. Although he did", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438231", "score": "1.0363234", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Luis Suárez", "text": "Suárez to play in friendly matches, and he made his Barcelona debut on 18 August against Club León of Mexico at the Camp Nou, replacing Rafinha for the final 14 minutes of an eventual 6–0 win in the Gamper Trophy. Fellow forwards Lionel Messi and Neymar had already been substituted off by the time Suárez took to the pitch. Suárez made his competitive debut for Barcelona on 25 October, starting in attack with Lionel Messi and Neymar away to Real Madrid in \"El Clásico\". Although he set up Neymar for the opening goal in the fourth minute, Suárez was substituted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9088426", "score": "1.0351198", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "Champions League last 16-round match against VfB Stuttgart. After a first-leg draw, Barcelona won the second leg 4–0 with two goals and an assist from Messi. At that point, he effectively became the tactical focal point of Guardiola's team, and his goalscoring rate increased. Messi scored a total of 47 goals in all competitions that season, equaling Ronaldo's club record from the 1996–97 campaign. He notably scored all of his side's four goals in the Champions League quarter-final against Arsène Wenger's Arsenal on 6 April while becoming Barcelona's all-time top scorer in the competition. Although Barcelona were eliminated in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438228", "score": "1.0335537", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "competitions, becoming Barcelona's all-time single-season top scorer and the first player in Spanish football to reach the 50-goal benchmark. As Messi developed into a combination of a number 8 (a creator), a 9 (scorer), and a 10 (assistant), he scored an unprecedented 73 goals and provided 29 assists in all club competitions during the 2011–12 season, producing a hat-trick or more on 10 occasions. He began the campaign by helping Barcelona win both the Spanish and European Super Cups; in the Supercopa de España, he scored three times to achieve a 5–4 aggregate victory over Real Madrid, overtaking Raúl as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438233", "score": "1.0316252", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "in \"El Clásico\". Messi capped off the year by winning the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December, collecting his fifth club trophy of 2015 as Barcelona went on to defeat River Plate 3–0 in Yokohama. Messi also won the tournament's Silver Ball, despite missing the semi-final. On 30 December, Messi scored on his 500th appearance for Barcelona, in a 4–0 home win over Real Betis. On 6 January 2016, recording Barcelona's first goal of the new year, Messi scored two goals and assisted the other two in a 4–1 derby win over Espanyol at the Camp Nou,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438256", "score": "1.0312176", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "previous season. Messi opened the 2016–17 season by lifting the 2016 Supercopa de España as Barcelona's captain in the absence of the injured Andrés Iniesta; he set-up Munir's goal in a 2–0 away win over Sevilla in the first leg on 14 August, and subsequently scored and assisted in a 3–0 win in the return leg on 17 August. Three days later, he scored two goals and provided an assist to lead Barcelona to a 6–2 victory against Real Betis in the opening game of the 2016–17 La Liga season. On 13 September 2016, Messi scored his first hat-trick of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438261", "score": "1.0300288", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Plank" ]

[ { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy", "text": "all share variations of the name Ed, but differ greatly in their personalities: Ed (voiced by Matt Hill) is the strong, dim-witted dogsbody of the group; Edd (Samuel Vincent), called Double D, is an inventor, neat freak, and the most intelligent of the Eds; and Eddy (Tony Sampson) is a devious, quick-tempered, bitter con artist, and self-appointed leader of the Eds. The three devise plans to scam the cul-de-sac kids out of their money, which they want to use to buy jawbreakers. However, problems always ensue, and the Eds' schemes usually end in failure and humiliation. The cul-de-sac kids do", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071878", "score": "1.1863852", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy", "text": "animated series of his own. While designing a commercial, he ended up drawing three characters that he felt particularly pleased with. Growing excited over their potential, he named them Ed, Edd, and Eddy and spent the following months developing a show around them. He faxed a one-page concept sheet to Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon in 1996. Both studios quickly responded, Cartoon Network in only 20 minutes, and were enthusiastic and wanted to see more; they each demanded creative control, however, and Antonucci refused. After Cartoon Network agreed to let Antonucci have control of the show, conversations between Antonucci and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071883", "score": "1.1127197", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Rollin Edelen", "text": "Rollin Edelen Rollin C. Edelen (May 17, 1908 – November 27, 1993) was an American businessman and politician. Born in Brooklyn, Iowa, Edelen went to school in Brooklyn and Hartwick, Iowa. He went to the University of Minnesota. During World War II, Edelen served in the United States Army and was stationed in the Pacific. He owned Estherville Concrete Productions in Estherville, Iowa and was involved in the savings and loan business. From 1971 to 1975, Edelen servein the Iowa House of Representatives and was a Republican. From 1977 to 1981, Edelen served on the Emmet County, Iowa Board of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19382537", "score": "1.0995536", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2)", "text": "Mike Kubat, and Robert Leighton. \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" follows the lives of three adolescent boys who all share variations of the name Ed, but differ greatly in their personalities. In the pursuit of buying jawbreakers and fitting in with the other kids, dimwitted Ed and intellectual Double Dee aid the self-appointed leader, Eddy, in his plans to scam the other children in their cul-de-sac out of their money during a perpetual summer vacation; however problems always ensue. The other children mostly dislike or show indifference to the Eds, though they all share a common fear of the Kanker Sisters,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14166005", "score": "1.0739849", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 1)", "text": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 1) The first season of the Canadian-American animated comedy television series \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\", created by Danny Antonucci, originally aired on Cartoon Network in the United States. Although originally set to premiere in November 1998, the season ran from January 4, 1999 to June 11, 1999, and consists of 13 episodes. The series revolves around three adolescent boys collectively known as \"the Eds,\" who live in a suburban cul-de-sac. Unofficially led by Eddy, the Eds constantly scheme to make money off their peers in order to purchase their favorite confectionery, jawbreakers. However, their plans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14130292", "score": "1.0702233", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy", "text": "Ed, Edd n Eddy Ed, Edd n Eddy is a Canadian-American animated comedy television series created by Danny Antonucci for Cartoon Network, and the sixth of the network's Cartoon Cartoons. The series revolves around three preteen boys named Ed, Edd (called \"Double D\" to avoid confusion with Ed), and Eddy—collectively known as \"the Eds\"—who live in a suburban cul-de-sac in the fictional town of Peach Creek. Under the unofficial leadership of Eddy, the trio frequently invent schemes to make money from their peers to purchase their favorite confectionery, jawbreakers. Their plans usually fail, leaving them in various, often humiliating, predicaments.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071875", "score": "1.0583769", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Eddy (surname)", "text": "Canterbury with Bishop Wilfrid (or Wilfrith) in 669, and later took the name Stephanus. He taught the Roman method of chanting, and in 709 he was in the monastery of Ripon, where he wrote a life of Wilfrid in Latin. In the \"Domesday Book\", the name Eddeu is used in a description of Little Abington, Cambridgeshire, and during the time of Edward the First there were a number of people named Ede, Edde, and Edwy on the tax collection rolls of Worcestershire. There is a record in Hertfordshire, of a William Edy, Gentleman, in 1486. Edie, Eddy, Eddye, Edshune and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12789738", "score": "1.0454755", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Eddy (surname)", "text": "so far found. Eddy could also be a diminutive of any one of these names. Robert Ferguson, in his work on \"English Surnames\", believes that Eddy is a place-name: “Eday, Eady, Eddy are from ead, prosperity. Hence the name of the rock Eddiston, on which the celebrated light house is built. From this word are compounded a great number of Anglo-Saxon names of which we have Edward, Edmund, Edgar,Edw Edwin.” One of the first mentions that is close to the form of Eddy, is the name of the priest Eddi or Edde, Latinized into Eddius. He went to Northumbria from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12789737", "score": "1.0408349", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 1)", "text": "was released in Region 1 in 2006 and Region 4 in 2007. Both \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" DVD volumes, \"Edifying Ed-Ventures\" and \"Fools' Par-Ed-Ise\", also featured season one episodes. All the DVDs were published by Warner Home Video. The entire season can also be purchased from the iTunes Store. The season was written by Antonucci, Jono Howard, Mike Kubat and Rob Boutilier. Matt Hill, Samuel Vincent, and Tony Sampson were cast as Ed, Double D, and Eddy. David Paul Grove and Keenan Christenson played the parts of Jonny 2 × 4 and Jimmy, respectively, while Sarah was voiced by Janyse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14130294", "score": "1.0398824", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "List of Ed, Edd n Eddy characters", "text": "The Ed, Edd n Eddy animated television series, consists of 135 stories, features an extensive cast of characters created by Danny Antonucci. The series takes place in the fictional town of Peach Creek. The number of characters in Ed, Edd n Eddy is fixed at twelve (thirteen if Plank, a board of wood who acts as one character's imaginary friend, is included).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "James A. Bushnell", "text": "grow and be financially successful. He was involved in the meeting in May 1895 in Eugene when local Christian businessmen discussed with Eugene C. Sanderson the creation of EDS. When the Board of Regents was created in October 1895 he was elected the first Chairman. The school was established to prepare ministers for the Christian Church in the Pacific Northwest as part of the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement. The school was located at East 11th Avenue and Alder Street next to the University of Oregon so students could take advantage of the liberal arts program there while EDS focused primarily on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18379065", "score": "1.0384525", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy: Jawbreakers!", "text": "Ed, Edd n Eddy: Jawbreakers! Ed, Edd n Eddy: Jawbreakers is a video game developed by Climax Group and published by BAM! Entertainment for the Game Boy Advance. It was released on September 15, 2002, and is based on Cartoon Network's \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\". The game mirrors Ed, Edd (Double D), and Eddy's television quest to make money to buy jawbreakers. The Eds must collect raffle tickets to win a contest whose grand prize is a lifetime supply of ever-lasting jawbreakers. Throughout the game, Ed, Double D, and Eddy will tap into their unique brand of resourcefulness as they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8485736", "score": "1.0364177", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2)", "text": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2) The second season of the Canadian-American animated comedy television series \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\", created by Danny Antonucci, originally aired on Cartoon Network from November 26, 1999, to December 22, 2000, and consists of 13 episodes. The series revolves around three adolescent boys collectively known as \"the Eds\", who live in a suburban cul-de-sac. Unofficially led by Eddy, the Eds constantly scheme to make money off their peers in order to purchase their favorite confectionery, jawbreakers. However, their plans usually fail, leaving them in various predicaments. The first season was a success in Nielsen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14166003", "score": "1.0329894", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Danny Antonucci", "text": "A deal was ultimately made for Cartoon Network to commission the show, after they agreed to let Antonucci go in his own direction. Antonucci is a strong advocate of hand-drawn animation. The wobbling animation in \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" is an homage to the hand-drawn cartoons with a style that harkens back to cartoons of the 1940s to the 1970s. To give the impression of movement, \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" uses shimmering character outlines similar to \"Squigglevision\". The crawling lines are not nearly as active as those in \"Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist\", but are still visible, and Antonucci likens it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4268678", "score": "1.0244672", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2)", "text": "its first season on January 4, 1999. According to Cartoon Network executive Linda Simensky, the first season did \"remarkably well\" in ratings ever since its premiere, becoming one of the top-rated series on the network and prompting Cartoon Network to quickly order a second season for a November 1999 premiere, making it one of four seasons which \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" was set to run. Antonucci stated that change in the characters from the first to the second season is \"very\" noticeable, due to the amount of development they've went through. Antonucci directed the season, and co-wrote the episodes with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14166007", "score": "1.0229474", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ernie Edds", "text": "June 7, 2017. Ernie Edds Ernest Frederick Edds (19 March 1926 – 7 June 2017) was an English footballer who played as a forward. He made 190 appearances in the Football League for Plymouth Argyle, Blackburn Rovers, Torquay United and Swindon Town. Edds began his career as an amateur with Portsmouth and later signed a professional contract with Millwall. He served in the British Army during the Second World War, which brought him to Plymouth. Edds was seen playing for an Army team in the Plymouth and District League by Plymouth Argyle and the club agreed a fee with Millwall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8930057", "score": "1.020684", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy", "text": "Eddy: Book of Extreme Excuses\", written by Howie Dewin. Four video games based on the series have been produced. \"\" was released on September 15, 2003, for the Game Boy Advance. \"Ed, Edd n Eddy: Giant Jawbreakers\" was released on March 4, 2004, for mobile phones. \"\" was released in 2005 for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PC. The most recent game, \"\", was released for the Nintendo DS on October 26, 2007. The games were met with generally mixed reception. Characters and locations from the show appear in other Cartoon Network video games, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071907", "score": "1.0182316", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy: Scam of the Century", "text": "Ed, Edd n Eddy: Scam of the Century Ed, Edd n Eddy: Scam of the Century is a video game developed by Art Co., Ltd and published by D3 Publisher for the Nintendo DS. The game is based on the Cartoon Network animated series \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\". It was released on October 23, 2007, in the United States. In the game, the Eds run the risk of having their scams turned on them by the other kids in the neighborhood. Many of the objects and characters, as well as the visual style, borrow heavily from the cartoon. This is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10767413", "score": "1.0143993", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ernie Edds", "text": "Ernie Edds Ernest Frederick Edds (19 March 1926 – 7 June 2017) was an English footballer who played as a forward. He made 190 appearances in the Football League for Plymouth Argyle, Blackburn Rovers, Torquay United and Swindon Town. Edds began his career as an amateur with Portsmouth and later signed a professional contract with Millwall. He served in the British Army during the Second World War, which brought him to Plymouth. Edds was seen playing for an Army team in the Plymouth and District League by Plymouth Argyle and the club agreed a fee with Millwall for his transfer.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8930054", "score": "1.0140271", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2)", "text": "April 24, 2007. Both DVDs can also be purchased on the Cartoon Network Shop. The season is also available for download on the iTunes Store. Selected episodes from the season were also featured on several Cartoon Network compilation DVDs. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2) The second season of the Canadian-American animated comedy television series \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\", created by Danny Antonucci, originally aired on Cartoon Network from November 26, 1999, to December 22, 2000, and consists of 13 episodes. The series revolves around three adolescent boys collectively known as \"the Eds\", who live in a suburban cul-de-sac.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14166011", "score": "1.010873", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy", "text": "studio continued. Vice president of programming and production of Cartoon Network, Mike Lazzo, showed high interest in the series and requested a show bible, which came through by fax, a few pages at a time, over a period of the next few months. After an affirmative response from Cartoon Network president Betty Cohen, the legal paperwork and deal-making began, followed by a start-up meeting at the Chateau Marmont Hotel in Los Angeles. A deal was made that Antonucci's studio, a.k.a. Cartoon, would produce \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\", the first Cartoon Network original series to be produced by an outside production", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071884", "score": "1.0073383", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tony Sampson", "text": "at the March Toronto Anime Con in 2006. Tony Sampson Tony Sampson (born July 26, 1977) is a Canadian former actor and voice actor known for his portrayal of Eddy on \"Ed, Edd, n Eddy\". He has played the role of Flash in the Canadian television drama \"The Odyssey\" and Eddy from \"Ed, Edd, n Eddy\". He has also worked for Vancouver's Ocean Productions and VoiceBox Productions, primarily in anime. After \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" ended with the movie Ed Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, Sampson has since retired from acting to work in the oil sands industry in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4941818", "score": "1.0070652", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Steve Eddowes", "text": "called off. Steve Eddowes Steve \"Edders\" Eddowes serves is the chairman of the English Defence League (EDL).He was appointed to the position in early March 2014 by its leader Tim Ablitt. Eddowes was formerly head of security for the EDL and its regional organiser for the West Midlands. In March 2015, Eddowes was present at a meeting with the former EDL leader Tommy Robinson at which a prospective Conservative Party candidate, Afzal Amin, attempted to persuade the EDL to announce a march against the building of a new mosque in Dudley in order that Amin could take the credit for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18676217", "score": "1.0065054", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ed Lee (politician)", "text": "if appointed, a statement that helped to gain support for his appointment. The board included people who aimed to run in the November 2011 mayoral elections, none of whom wished to give the mayoral position to someone who might be their competitor in those elections, which would give that person the significant political advantages of incumbency. The vote was preliminary and non-binding, as Newsom had delayed his resignation until new members of the Board took office. A final vote was taken on January 11 by the new board to confirm Lee, one day after Newsom's resignation. The board voted unanimously", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15218876", "score": "1.0041682", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy", "text": "was the last major animated series to use traditional cel animation; the cels were shipped to Korea for creating the initial animation, and then later edited back at Antonucci's a.k.a. Cartoon studio. The first four seasons were produced traditionally. Starting with \"Ed, Edd n Eddy's Jingle Jingle Jangle\" in 2004, the series switched to digital ink and paint. To give the impression of movement, \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" uses \"boiling lines\" or shimmering outlines which Antonucci likens it to cartoons of the 1930s. IGN has compared to Squigglevision, and Animation World Magazine wrote that the way the line varies and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071888", "score": "1.0037608", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Eddy (surname)", "text": "Edye are found in numerous records in Gloucestershire from 1545 onward. At Woodbridge, Suffolk, Eyde is found as a surname between 1599 and 1610. Starting from 1570 in the records of many parishes of the Archdeaconry Court of Cornwall, the following surnames are found: Edy, Eady, Eedy, Ede, Edye, Eddey, and Eddy. In Bristol, the town where William Eddye, the Vicar, was born, a number of wills from the late 16th century have the surname of Eddie, Eddye or Eddy. Ade, Adie, Addy, Eadie are common Scottish surnames. These may be forms of the name “Adam”. David Eadie of Moneaght,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12789739", "score": "1.0033854", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Eddy (surname)", "text": "Eddy (surname) The surname Eddy is used by descendants of a number of English, Irish and Scottish families. Frank R. Holmes, in his \"Directory of the Ancestral Heads of New England Families, 1600-1700\", proposes two possible origins; the Gaelic \"eddee\", \"instructor\", or from the Saxon \"ed\" and \"ea\", \"backwards\" and \"water\", a whirlpool or eddy, making the surname Eddy a place-name. Another possible origin is the Saxon root \"ead\", \"success\" or \"prosperity\". \"Ead\" occurs in numerous commonly used names, as Edgar, Edmund, Edward, Edwin, and the outdated Edwy. John Eddy of Taunton spells the name Eddway in the earliest record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12789736", "score": "1.000155", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 1)", "text": "usually fail, leaving them in various predicaments. Adult cartoonist Antonucci conceived \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" while working on a commercial design. Antonucci pitched the series to Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon. Both studios were interested in the series, but each demanded creative control and Antonucci refused. Cartoon Network ended up commissioning the show after agreeing to let Antonucci have control of the show. After its debut, the series was a success in Nielsen ratings, popular among younger and older viewers. Met with generally positive reviews, the season earned Antonucci a Reuben Award for Best Television Animation. \"The Complete First Season\" DVD", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14130293", "score": "1.0001185", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Steve Eddowes", "text": "Steve Eddowes Steve \"Edders\" Eddowes serves is the chairman of the English Defence League (EDL).He was appointed to the position in early March 2014 by its leader Tim Ablitt. Eddowes was formerly head of security for the EDL and its regional organiser for the West Midlands. In March 2015, Eddowes was present at a meeting with the former EDL leader Tommy Robinson at which a prospective Conservative Party candidate, Afzal Amin, attempted to persuade the EDL to announce a march against the building of a new mosque in Dudley in order that Amin could take the credit for having it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18676216", "score": "0.9954829", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Tony Sampson", "text": "Tony Sampson Tony Sampson (born July 26, 1977) is a Canadian former actor and voice actor known for his portrayal of Eddy on \"Ed, Edd, n Eddy\". He has played the role of Flash in the Canadian television drama \"The Odyssey\" and Eddy from \"Ed, Edd, n Eddy\". He has also worked for Vancouver's Ocean Productions and VoiceBox Productions, primarily in anime. After \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\" ended with the movie Ed Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, Sampson has since retired from acting to work in the oil sands industry in Fort McMurray. He once made a guest appearance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4941817", "score": "0.993361", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "energy loss" ]

[ { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "a function of Kelvin radius. An adsorption isotherm showing hysteresis is said to be of Type IV (for a wetting adsorbate) or Type V (for a non-wetting adsorbate), and hysteresis loops themselves are classified according to how symmetric the loop is. Adsorption hysteresis loops also have the unusual property that it is possible to scan within a hysteresis loop by reversing the direction of adsorption while on a point on the loop. The resulting scans are called \"crossing,\" \"converging,\" or \"returning,\" depending on the shape of the isotherm at this point. The relationship between matric water potential and water content", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304071", "score": "1.174453", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "Hysteresis Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field, depending on how the field changed in the past. Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are different values of one variable depending on the direction of change of another variable. This history dependence is the basis of memory in a hard disk drive and the remanence that retains a record of the Earth's magnetic field magnitude in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304049", "score": "1.173172", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "be observed when decreasing the angle of attack of a wing after stall, regarding the lift and drag coefficients. The angle of attack where the flow on top of the wing reattaches is generally lower than the angle of attack where the flow separates during the increase of the angle of attack. In the elastic hysteresis of rubber, the area in the centre of a hysteresis loop is the energy dissipated due to material internal friction. Elastic hysteresis was one of the first types of hysteresis to be examined. The effect can be demonstrated using a rubber band with weights", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304060", "score": "1.1377932", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Magnetic core", "text": "in one cycle of the applied field is proportional to the area inside the hysteresis loop. Since the energy lost in each cycle is constant, hysteresis power losses increase proportionally with frequency. The final equation for the hysteresis power loss is If the core is electrically conductive, the changing magnetic field induces circulating loops of current in it, called eddy currents, due to electromagnetic induction. The loops flow perpendicular to the magnetic field axis. The energy of the currents is dissipated as heat in the resistance of the core material. The power loss is proportional to the area of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4607459", "score": "1.1206214", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Preisach model of hysteresis", "text": "of formula_3 is expressed as: formula_19 Where formula_20 if the last time formula_6 was outside of the boundaries formula_22, it was in the region of formula_23; and formula_24 if the last time formula_6 was outside of the boundaries formula_22, it was in the region of formula_27. This definition of the hysteron shows that the current value formula_8 of the complete hysteresis loop depends upon the history of the input variable formula_6. The Preisach model consists of many relay hysterons connected in parallel, given weights, and summed. This is best visualized by a block diagram: Each of these relays has different", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11260881", "score": "1.1082004", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "the subject. In addition, there are models that capture general features of many systems with hysteresis. An example is the Preisach model of hysteresis, which represents a hysteresis nonlinearity as a linear superposition of square loops called non-ideal relays. Many complex models of hysteresis arise from the simple parallel connection, or superposition, of elementary carriers of hysteresis termed hysterons. A simple and intuitive parametric description of various hysteresis loops may be found in the Lapshin model. Along with the classical loop, substitution of trapezoidal or triangle pulses instead of the harmonic functions allows piecewise-linear hysteresis loops frequently used in discrete", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304096", "score": "1.0991724", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "more slowly; this is known as \"rate-dependent\" hysteresis. However, phenomena such as the magnetic hysteresis loops are mainly \"rate-independent\", which makes a durable memory possible. Systems with hysteresis are nonlinear, and can be mathematically challenging to model. Some models such as the Preisach model (originally applied to ferromagnetism) and the Bouc–Wen model attempt to capture general features of hysteresis; and there are also phenomenological models for particular phenomena such as the Jiles–Atherton model for ferromagnetism. The term \"hysteresis\" is derived from , an Ancient Greek word meaning \"deficiency\" or \"lagging behind\". It was coined around 1890 by Sir James Alfred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304051", "score": "1.0964297", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Stoner–Wohlfarth model", "text": "at . The shape of the hysteresis loop has a strong dependence on the angle between the magnetic field and the easy axis (Figure 3). If the two are parallel (), the hysteresis loop is at its biggest (with in normalized units). The magnetization starts parallel to the field and does not rotate until it becomes unstable and jumps to the opposite direction. In general, the larger the angle, the more reversible rotation occurs. At the other extreme of , with the field perpendicular to the easy axis, no jump occurs. The magnetization rotates continuously from one direction to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14929497", "score": "1.0899631", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Hysteresivity", "text": "Hysteresivity Hysteresivity derives from “hysteresis”, meaning “lag”. It is the tendency to react slowly to an outside force, or to not return completely to its original state. Whereas the area within a hysteresis loop represents energy dissipated to heat and is an extensive quantity with units of energy, the hysteresivity represents the fraction of the elastic energy that is lost to heat, and is an intensive property that is dimensionless. When a force deforms a material it generates elastic stresses and internal frictional stresses. Most often, frictional stress is described as being analogous to the stress that results from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6231062", "score": "1.0893458", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "Magnetically soft (low coercivity) iron is used for the cores in electromagnets. The low coercivity reduces that energy loss associated with hysteresis. The low energy loss during a hysteresis loop is also the reason why soft iron is used for transformer cores and electric motors.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Hysteresivity", "text": "conforming to the structural damping law, the hysteresivity \"h\" is constant with or insensitive to changes in oscillatory frequency, and the loss modulus G” (= h G’) becomes a constant fraction of the elastic modulus. Hysteresivity Hysteresivity derives from “hysteresis”, meaning “lag”. It is the tendency to react slowly to an outside force, or to not return completely to its original state. Whereas the area within a hysteresis loop represents energy dissipated to heat and is an extensive quantity with units of energy, the hysteresivity represents the fraction of the elastic energy that is lost to heat, and is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6231066", "score": "1.0811598", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "Ewing to describe the behaviour of magnetic materials. Some early work on describing hysteresis in mechanical systems was performed by James Clerk Maxwell. Subsequently, hysteretic models have received significant attention in the works of Ferenc Preisach (Preisach model of hysteresis), Louis Néel and D. H. Everett in connection with magnetism and absorption. A more formal mathematical theory of systems with hysteresis was developed in the 1970s by a group of Russian mathematicians led by Mark Krasnosel'skii. One type of hysteresis is a simple lag between input and output. A simple example is a sinusoidal input that results in a sinusoidal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304052", "score": "1.054279", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Magnetic hysteresis", "text": "the relationship between and is plotted for increasing levels of field strength, follows the \"initial magnetization curve\". This curve increases rapidly at first and then approaches an asymptote called magnetic saturation. If the magnetic field is now reduced monotonically, follows a different curve. At zero field strength, the magnetization is offset from the origin by an amount called the remanence. If the relationship is plotted for all strengths of applied magnetic field the result is a hysteresis loop called the \"main loop\". The width of the middle section along the H axis is twice the coercivity of the material. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3682818", "score": "1.0527387", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Capillary condensation", "text": "pore radius until an equilibrium vapor pressure that satisfies the smaller pore radius is reached. The resulting plot of adsorbed volume versus relative humidity yields a hysteresis \"loop.\" This loop is seen in all hysteresis governed processes and gives direct meaning the term \"path dependent.\" The concept of hysteresis was explained indirectly in the curvature section of this article; however, here we are speaking in terms of a single capillary instead of a distribution of random pore sizes. Hysteresis in capillary condensation has been shown to be minimized at higher temperatures. Capillary condensation in pores with r<10 nm is often", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12750531", "score": "1.0522038", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "slightly longer length as it is unloaded. This is because the band does not obey Hooke's law perfectly. The hysteresis loop of an idealized rubber band is shown in the figure. In terms of force, the rubber band was harder to stretch when it was being loaded than when it was being unloaded. In terms of time, when the band is unloaded, the effect (the length) lagged behind the cause (the force of the weights) because the length has not yet reached the value it had for the same weight during the loading part of the cycle. In terms of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304062", "score": "1.0435902", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Magnetic core", "text": "composed of, due to movement of the domain walls. This process causes losses, because the domain walls get \"snagged\" on defects in the crystal structure and then \"snap\" past them, dissipating energy as heat. This is called hysteresis loss. It can be seen in the graph of the \"B\" field versus the \"H\" field for the material, which has the form of a closed loop. The net energy that flows into the inductor expressed in relationship to the B-H characteristic of the core is shown by the equation This equation shows that the amount of energy lost in the material", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4607458", "score": "1.0360376", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Rowland ring", "text": "produces a voltage proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic field formula_2 in the material. By measuring the time integral of the voltage in the sampling coil versus the current in the magnetization coil, one obtains the hysteresis curve. Paul Lorrain and Dale Corson, \"Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, 2nd ed\", W.H. Freeman and Company (1970). Rowland ring Rowland's ring (aka Rowland ring) is an experimental arrangement for the measurement of the hysteresis curve of a sample of magnetic material. It was developed by Henry Augustus Rowland. The geometry of a Rowland's ring is usually a toroid of magnetic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10558724", "score": "1.0256063", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "is the basis of the water retention curve. Matric potential measurements (Ψ) are converted to volumetric water content (θ) measurements based on a site or soil specific calibration curve. Hysteresis is a source of water content measurement error. Matric potential hysteresis arises from differences in wetting behaviour causing dry medium to re-wet; that is, it depends on the saturation history of the porous medium. Hysteretic behaviour means that, for example, at a matric potential (Ψ) of , the volumetric water content (θ) of a fine sandy soil matrix could be anything between 8% to 25%. Tensiometers are directly influenced by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304072", "score": "1.0238887", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Magnetic hysteresis", "text": "the kinematic hardening laws and by the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. In particular, in addition to provide an accurate modeling, the stored magnetic energy and the dissipated energy are known at all times. The obtained incremental formulation is variationally consistent; i.e., all internal variables follow from the minimization of a thermodynamic potential. That allows to obtain easily a vectorial model while Preisach and Jiles-Atherton are fundamentally scalar models. There are a great variety of applications of the hysteresis in ferromagnets. Many of these make use of their ability to retain a memory, for example magnetic tape, hard disks, and credit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3682822", "score": "1.0121827", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "this type of hysteresis. Two other types of sensors used to measure soil water matric potential are also influenced by hysteresis effects within the sensor itself. Resistance blocks, both nylon and gypsum based, measure matric potential as a function of electrical resistance. The relation between the sensor’s electrical resistance and sensor matric potential is hysteretic. Thermocouples measure matric potential as a function of heat dissipation. Hysteresis occurs because measured heat dissipation depends on sensor water content, and the sensor water content–matric potential relationship is hysteretic. , only desorption curves are usually measured during calibration of soil moisture sensors. Despite the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304073", "score": "1.0069505", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "magnetization is not linear in such materials. If a magnet is demagnetized () and the relationship between and is plotted for increasing levels of field strength, follows the \"initial magnetization curve\". This curve increases rapidly at first and then approaches an asymptote called magnetic saturation. If the magnetic field is now reduced monotonically, follows a different curve. At zero field strength, the magnetization is offset from the origin by an amount called the remanence. If the relationship is plotted for all strengths of applied magnetic field the result is a hysteresis loop called the \"main loop\". The width of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304075", "score": "1.005351", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bouc–Wen model of hysteresis", "text": "large values that transition is abrupt. Parameters formula_14, formula_19 and formula_16 control the size and shape of the hysteretic loop. It has been found that the parameters of the Bouc–Wen model are functionally redundant. Removing this redundancy is best achieved by setting formula_30. Wen assumed integer values for formula_17; however, all real positive values of formula_17 are admissible. The parameter formula_19 is positive by assumption, while the admissible values for formula_16, that is formula_35, can be derived from a thermodynamical analysis (Baber and Wen (1981)). Some terms are defined below: Absorbed hysteretic energy represents the energy dissipated by the hysteretic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14590420", "score": "1.0041907", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "SQUID", "text": "applied magnetic field and the period equal to formula_9. Since the current-voltage characteristic of the DC SQUID is hysteretic, a shunt resistance, formula_17 is connected across the junction to eliminate the hysteresis (in the case of copper oxide based high-temperature superconductors the junction's own intrinsic resistance is usually sufficient). The screening current is the applied flux divided by the self-inductance of the ring. Thus formula_18 can be estimated as the function of formula_19 (flux to voltage converter) as follows: The discussion in this Section assumed perfect flux quantization in the loop. However, this is only true for big loops with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "566567", "score": "1.0026777", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Hysteresis", "text": "similar to the adsorption hysteresis, and as in the contact angle hysteresis, the interfacial properties play an important role in bubble shape hysteresis. The existence of the bubble shape hysteresis has important consequences in interfacial rheology experiments involving bubbles. As a result of the hysteresis, not all sizes of the bubbles can be formed on a capillary. Further the gas compressibility causing the hysteresis leads to unintended complications in the phase relation between the applied changes in interfacial area to the expected interfacial stresses. These difficulties can be avoided by designing experimental systems to avoid the bubble shape hysteresis. Hysteresis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304069", "score": "0.99992824", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Preisach model of hysteresis", "text": "Preisach model of hysteresis Originally, the Preisach model of hysteresis generalized magnetic hysteresis as relationship between magnetic field and magnetization of a magnetic material as the parallel connection of independent relay \"hysterons\". It was first suggested in 1935 by Ferenc (Franz) Preisach in the German academic journal \"\"Zeitschrift für Physik\"\". In the field of ferromagnetism the Preisach model is sometimes thought to describe a ferromagnetic material as a network of small independently acting domains, each magnetized to a value of either formula_1 or formula_2. A sample of iron, for example, may have evenly distributed magnetic domains, resulting in a net", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11260878", "score": "0.9979514", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Preisach model of hysteresis", "text": "Everett function. This makes the model considerably faster and especially adequate for inclusion in electromagnetic field computation or electric circuit analysis codes. The vector Preisach model is constructed as the linear superposition of scalar models. For considering the uniaxial anisotropy of the material, Everett functions are expanded by Fourier coefficients. In this case, the measured and simulated curves are in a very good agreement. Preisach model of hysteresis Originally, the Preisach model of hysteresis generalized magnetic hysteresis as relationship between magnetic field and magnetization of a magnetic material as the parallel connection of independent relay \"hysterons\". It was first suggested", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11260884", "score": "0.9960255", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dynamometer", "text": "are typically limited to lower RPM due to heat dissipation problems. Hysteresis dynamometers use a magnetic rotor, sometimes of AlNiCo alloy, that is moved through flux lines generated between magnetic pole pieces. The magnetisation of the rotor is thus cycled around its B-H characteristic, dissipating energy proportional to the area between the lines of that graph as it does so. Unlike eddy current brakes, which develop no torque at standstill, the hysteresis brake develops largely constant torque, proportional to its magnetising current (or magnet strength in the case of permanent magnet units) over its entire speed range. Units often incorporate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3609309", "score": "0.9919163", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Permeability (electromagnetism)", "text": "field B, which is measured in webers (volt-seconds) per square-metre (V·s/m), or teslas (T). B is related to the Lorentz force on a moving charge \"q\": The charge \"q\" is given in coulombs (C), the velocity \"v\" in meters per second (m/s), so that the force \"F\" is in newtons (N): H is related to the magnetic dipole density. A magnetic dipole is a closed circulation of electric current. The dipole moment has dimensions current times area, units ampere square-metre (A·m), and magnitude equal to the current around the loop times the area of the loop. The H field at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3330617", "score": "0.99162835", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ampère's circuital law", "text": "bound current) the line integral of the magnetic -field (in teslas, T) around closed curve is proportional to the total current passing through a surface (enclosed by ). In terms of free current, the line integral of the magnetic -field (in amperes per metre, A·m) around closed curve equals the free current through a surface . There are a number of ambiguities in the above definitions that require clarification and a choice of convention. The electric current that arises in the simplest textbook situations would be classified as \"free current\"—for example, the current that passes through a wire or battery.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1622209", "score": "0.98582256", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Magnetic field", "text": "no holes to let any field lines escape.) The negative sign occurs because the magnetization field moves from south to north. In SI units, the H-field is related to the B-field by In terms of the H-field, Ampere's law is where represents the 'free current' enclosed by the loop so that the line integral of does not depend at all on the bound currents. For the differential equivalent of this equation see Maxwell's equations. Ampere's law leads to the boundary condition where is the surface free current density and the unit normal formula_20 points in the direction from medium 2", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "470900", "score": "0.9843167", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "$205,700", "$205,700 annually" ]

[ { "title": "United States Secretary of State", "text": "and Attorney General, are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments. Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (currently $210,700). The current Secretary of State is Mike Pompeo. On March 13, 2018, President Donald Trump dismissed Rex Tillerson and nominated Pompeo, then Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, to replace Tillerson. Tillerson announced later that day that his last day at the State Department would be March 31, 2018. The stated duties of the Secretary of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "441750", "score": "1.0410726", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Executive Schedule", "text": "55 positions are: lists 125 positions granted the rank of level III. Since January 2018, the annual rate of pay for Level III is $174,500. The positions are: (1) Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs; (2) Under Secretary of State for Management; (3) Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs; (4) Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy and the Environment; (5) Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security; (6) Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy and Human Rights Note: The Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision was level", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9791565", "score": "0.9797465", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "United States Secretary of State", "text": "1,059,247 miles, and third is Clinton's 956,733 miles. See List of Secretaries of State of the United States United States Secretary of State The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the United States Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "441754", "score": "0.9540584", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Political Appointments System in Hong Kong", "text": "of HK$220,000 per month (US$28,000) is more than the salary of US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, and also more than Alan Greenspan earned as the chairman of the US Federal Reserve. A political assistant would earn more than what Tony Snow earned (US$ 14,000 per month) as the former White House Press Secretary. Political observer Michael Chugani said there was no \"single credible reason why these novice politicians are being paid more than heads of state of some countries.\" Lau Ngai-keung was sceptical that political appointments would help to foster local political talent, noting that such appointees may earn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12089271", "score": "0.9525479", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Awards of the United States Department of State", "text": "by the Secretary of State and $10,000. The award is given based on the quality of the nominee’s overall contribution in advancing U.S. international economic relations and objectives; documented economic leadership, advocacy, analytical, reporting or negotiating skills, or a combination thereof; and creative thinking influencing economic policy formulation. This award is given to a Department of State officer serving in a management position who has made notable contributions to the efficiency and quality of services at post. The award consists of a certificate signed by the Secretary and $10,000. These awards specifically recognize achievements in the area of promoting women", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10546071", "score": "0.93309164", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Secretary of State of Indiana", "text": "former Secretary of State Charlie White, who was removed from office due to felony convictions. The annual salary of the Secretary of State of Indiana is $74,580. The Indiana Secretary of State is a constitutional office first established in the 1816 Constitution of Indiana. Between 1816 and until 1851, the Secretary of State was nominated by the governor and confirmed by the state senate. With the adoption of the current constitution in 1851 the Secretary of State's office was filled by a public statewide election every four years. To be eligible to serve as Secretary of State, a candidate must", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12435154", "score": "0.9312606", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Awards of the United States Department of State", "text": "of a certificate signed by the Secretary and $10,000. This award, established as a legacy to the Department and its employees by Frank E. Loy, former Under Secretary for Global Affairs, recognizes achievement in international environmental affairs, including advancement of U.S. interests, analysis and policy development, integration into overall U.S. diplomacy efforts, and interaction with the public and private sectors. The award consists of a certificate signed by the Secretary of State and $5,000. This award is presented to an exceptional employee of the Foreign Service or the civil service (except Senior Foreign Service and senior executive service) in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10546075", "score": "0.92857814", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "United States Secretary of State", "text": "United States Secretary of State The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the United States Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of State, along with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "441749", "score": "0.9197221", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Cabinet of the United States", "text": "of the Vice President is $235,300. The salary level was set by the Government Salary Reform Act of 1989, which also provides an automatic cost of living adjustment for federal employees. The Vice President does not automatically receive a pension based on that office, but instead receives the same pension as other members of Congress based on his \"ex officio\" position as President of the Senate. The individuals listed below were nominated by President Donald Trump to form his Cabinet and were confirmed by the United States Senate on the date noted, or are serving as acting department heads by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "441728", "score": "0.91393685", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "United States Secretary of State", "text": "The Secretary of State is nominated by the President of the United States and, following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, is confirmed by the United States Senate. The Secretary of State, along with the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, and Attorney General, are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments. Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (currently $205,700).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Foreign Service Officer", "text": "were over 8,000 FSOs. FSOs of the State Department are split between five career tracks, called \"cones\": Consular Officers, Economic Officers, Management Officers, Political Officers, and Public Diplomacy Officers. FSOs of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Commercial Service, Foreign Agricultural Service, and Broadcasting Board of Governors are selected through processes specific to the hiring agency, and follow career tracks separate from those of State Department FSOs. For example, within USAID, there are multiple technical \"backstops\" including: Many leadership roles at U.S. embassies are filled from the ranks of career FSOs. Recently, about two-thirds of U.S. Ambassadors have been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6765034", "score": "0.9114971", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Secretary of state", "text": "a position equivalent to that of the United States Secretary of State, is the Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Canadian Cabinet used to have a Secretary of State for External Affairs who acted as the country's Foreign Minister, but this position was abolished in 1993 and a new position of Minister of Foreign Affairs was created. From 1867 to 1993, there was also a Secretary of State for Canada who was a Cabinet minister whose duties varied over time but who was responsible for the Department of Secretary of State until the position was abolished. Since 1993, some junior ministers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14348843", "score": "0.90531546", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "United States Secretary of State", "text": "an instrument delivered to the office of the secretary of state. Accordingly, the resignations of President Nixon and of Vice-President Spiro Agnew, domestic issues, were formalized in instruments delivered to the secretary of state, Henry Kissinger. As the highest-ranking member of the cabinet, the secretary of state is the third-highest official of the executive branch of the Federal Government of the United States, after the president and vice president, and is fourth in line to succeed the presidency, coming after the vice president, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President pro tempore of the Senate. Six secretaries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "441752", "score": "0.9049393", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "United States Deputy Secretary of State", "text": "United States Deputy Secretary of State The Deputy Secretary of State of the United States is the principal deputy to the Secretary of State. If the Secretary of State resigns or dies, the Deputy Secretary of State becomes Acting Secretary of State until the President nominates and the Senate confirms a replacement. The position was created in 1972. Prior to July 13, 1972, the Under Secretary of State had been the second ranking officer of the Department of State. The position is held by John J. Sullivan. The State Department is the only federal Cabinet-level agency with two co-equal Deputy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2410568", "score": "0.90186656", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Secretary of state", "text": "him on a vote of 94–3. On February 1, 2013, Hillary Clinton resigned as Secretary of State and John Kerry was sworn in as the 68th Secretary of State. On February 1, 2017, Rex Wayne Tillerson was sworn in as the 69th United States Secretary of State. His term ended on March 13, 2018, when being fired by President Trump. In most of the individual states of the United States, the Secretary of State is an administrative officer responsible for certain governmental functions. The specific powers and duties of this office depend on the constitution and laws of the particular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14348848", "score": "0.9005418", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "United States Department of State", "text": "United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), commonly just referred to as the State Department, is the federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues. Equivalent to the foreign ministry of other countries, it was established in 1789 as the nation's first executive department. The current Secretary of State is Mike Pompeo, who ascended to the office in April 2018 after Rex Tillerson resigned. The State Department's duties include implementing the foreign policy of the United States, operating the nation's diplomatic missions abroad, negotiating treaties", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "435704", "score": "0.89952475", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "United States Department of State", "text": "and agreements with foreign entities, and representing the United States at the United Nations. It is led by the Secretary of State, a member of the Cabinet who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. In addition to administering the Department, the Secretary of State serves as the nation's chief diplomat and representative abroad. The Secretary of State is the first Cabinet official in the order of precedence and in the presidential line of succession, after the Vice President of the United States, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and President pro tempore of the Senate. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "435705", "score": "0.89834356", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "United States Department of State", "text": "Science Fellows Program was established in 2003 by the DoS to establish a new model for engaging the American academic science, technology, engineering and medical communities in the formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy. The Fellows as they are called if chose for this program are paid around $50,000 during the duration and can earn special bonuses of up to $10,000. The whole point of this program is so that these Fellows will know the ins and outs of the Department of State/USAID to help with the daily functioning. There is no one winner every year rather it's a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "435722", "score": "0.8967471", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Secretary of state", "text": "of State coordinates all the departments of the Roman Curia (and is thus equivalent to a prime minister). In the United Kingdom, a secretary of state is a member of the cabinet appointed by the Queen on the advice of the prime minister (and thus equivalent to a cabinet minister). The United States Secretary of State is the foreign minister of the federal government of the United States while in most of the individual U.S. states the secretary of state is an administrative officer responsible for certain governmental functions, often including overseeing elections. In the Orange Free State (1854–1902) the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14348838", "score": "0.8952633", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "United States Secretary of Transportation", "text": "of the Secretary of Transportation is $199,700. Anthony Foxx was the 17th US Secretary of Transportation from 2013-2017, when Donald Trump was elected President. Elaine Chao, who served as Secretary of Labor under President George W. Bush, was nominated by President-elect Donald Trump on November 29, 2016. On January 31, 2017, the Senate confirmed her appointment by a vote of 93-6. (7) (11) The line of succession regarding who would act as Secretary of Transportation in the event of a vacancy or incapacitation is as follows: As of , there are twelve living, former Secretaries of Transportation (with all Secretaries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "563514", "score": "0.89236724", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "United States Assistant Secretary of State", "text": "years and included such responsibilities as supervising the Diplomatic and Consular Bureaus, general supervision of correspondence, consular appointments, administration of the Department, and supervision of economic matters and various geographic divisions. Today, the title of the second-ranking position is the Deputy Secretary of State, with the next tier of State Department officials bearing the rank of Under Secretary of State. The following is a list of current offices bearing the title of \"Assistant Secretary of State\": The following roles also possess a rank equivalent to Assistant Secretary: The \"Consular and Diplomatic Appropriations Act\" for the year ending June 30, 1867", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5994454", "score": "0.8887303", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ambassadors of the United States", "text": "Officer (career diplomat - CD) or a political appointee (PA). In most cases, career foreign service officers serve a tour of approximately three years per ambassadorship whereas political appointees customarily tender their resignations upon the inauguration of a new president. As embassies fall under the State Department's jurisdiction, ambassadors answer directly to the Secretary of State. Note that the information in this list is subject to change due to regular personnel changes resulting from retirements, reassignments, etc. The State Department posts updated lists of ambassadors approximately monthly, accessible via an interactive menu-based website. As of early June 2018 there remained", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1351324", "score": "0.88406277", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Secretary of state", "text": "country that has one or the other. The U.S. Secretary of State is head of the United States Department of State. He or she is responsible for the administration of United States Embassies and their subsidiary units throughout the world. The U.S. Secretary of State has the power to remove any foreign diplomat from U.S. soil for any reason. Six Secretaries of State became presidents (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan) and five won Nobel Peace Prizes (Frank Kellogg, Cordell Hull, George Marshall, Elihu Root, and Henry Kissinger). The now long-established", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14348845", "score": "0.88230526", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Secretary of state", "text": "German Foreign Office and the German Chancellery the official title is \"Staatsminister\" (Minister of State). Such posts, which were intended to improve the connection between a ministry and the parliament, have recently become subject of some controversy. Critics claim that parliamentary secretaries of state are usually given little to no influence and responsibility within their ministry. All the while they are paid very generously due to receiving two salaries, both as secretary of state and as member of parliament. For example, when interviewed about his post as a parliamentary minister of state in the German Foreign Office during an investigation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14348857", "score": "0.8811847", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Senior Foreign Service", "text": "that civil service and Foreign Service salaries were capped at $50,112.50 per annum, equal to the pay rate for Level V of the Executive Schedule, per Section 5308 of Title 5 of the U.S. Code. The top theoretical annual salary, $65,750, was equal to that of a GS-18. Prior to passage of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, the Rogers Act and subsequently the Foreign Service Act of 1946 had established a grade system from FSS-22 up to FSO-1. A single “senior” grade, Career Minister, was established by the 1946 Act for Foreign Service Officers who had served with noteworthy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13396163", "score": "0.87973964", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs", "text": "Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs The Under Secretary for Political Affairs is currently the third ranking position in the United States Department of State, after the Secretary and the Deputy Secretary. While the positions of Secretary and Deputy Secretary are occupied by political appointees, the position of Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs is usually (but not always) occupied by a career Foreign Service Officer, making the occupant the highest-ranking member of the Foreign Service. The current Under Secretary is David Hale, who assumed office on August 30, 2018. The Under Secretary serves as the day-to-day manager", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7060923", "score": "0.87911034", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "United States Assistant Secretary of State", "text": "and ceremonials and protocol, including presentation to the President of chiefs of foreign diplomatic missions. The Foreign Service Act of 1924 (May 24, 1924; 43 Stat 146) abolished numerical titles for Assistant Secretaries of State. United States Assistant Secretary of State Assistant Secretary of State (A/S) is a title used for many executive positions in the United States Department of State, ranking below the Under Secretaries. A set of six Assistant Secretaries reporting to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs manage diplomatic missions within their designated geographic regions, plus one Assistant Secretary dealing with international organizations. Assistant Secretaries usually manage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5994457", "score": "0.87824667", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "United States Department of State", "text": "the biggest shifts in terrorism in 2012 included an increase in state-sponsored terrorism in Iran. The State Department states the best way to counter international terrorist attacks is to work with international partners to cut funding, strengthen law-enforcing institutions and eliminate terrorist safe havens. The Secretary of State is the chief executive officer of the Department of State and a member of the Cabinet that answers directly to, and advises, the President of the United States. The secretary organizes and supervises the entire department and its staff. Since the 1996 reorganization, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "435717", "score": "0.8774005", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "United States Under Secretary of State", "text": "United States Under Secretary of State Under Secretary of State (U/S) is a title used by senior officials of the United States Department of State who rank above the Assistant Secretaries and below the Deputy Secretaries. From 1919 to 1972, the Under Secretary was the second-ranking official at the Department of State (immediately beneath the United States Secretary of State), serving as the Secretary's principal deputy, chief assistant, and Acting Secretary in the event of the Secretary's absence. Prior second-ranking positions had been the Chief Clerk, the Assistant Secretary of State, and the Counselor. Prior to 1944, a number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7851664", "score": "0.8748536", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Awards of the United States Department of State", "text": "precedence as a \"U.S. non-military personal decoration\". As delineated in numerous diplomatic cables describing each one, achievement awards recognize specific service over the previous year in a specific field or job category. The majority of the awards include a certificate, signed by the Secretary of State and a cash bonus. The cash bonuses range from zero to $10,000. Some awards are sponsored by private donors, who are often former members of the Foreign Service. There is a minimum requirement for several valid nominations in a category in order for some awards to be presented; if there are insufficient nominees or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10546051", "score": "0.8720107", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "7", "seven" ]

[ { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "of 77 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the seventh season has a 94% approval rating from 46 critics with an average rating of 8.31 out of 10, and a 92% average episode score, with the site's consensus reading, \"After a year-long wait, \"Game of Thrones\" roars back with powerful storytelling and a focused interest in its central characters—particularly the female ones.\" The series premiere surpassed 30 million viewers across all of the network's domestic platforms weeks after its release. The show's numbers continued to climb in other countries as well. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18939000", "score": "1.1420753", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "season of the series includes its longest episode, with the finale running for 81 minutes. The penultimate episode also runs for 71 minutes – around 16 minutes longer than an average \"Game of Thrones\" episode. The first five episodes mostly run longer than average (55 minutes), at 59, 59, 63, 50, and 59 minutes respectively. The previous longest episode in the series was the sixth-season finale, \"The Winds of Winter\", which ran for 69 minutes. Ramin Djawadi returned as the composer of the show for the seventh season. On Metacritic, the season (based on the first episode) has a score", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18938999", "score": "1.0929581", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "Now and HBO Go apps are included. Over the season, the viewer numbers averaged at over 30 million per episode across all platforms. The season was simulcast around the world by HBO and its broadcast partners in 186 countries. In some countries, it aired the day after its first release. On July 23, 2016, a teaser production trailer was released by HBO at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con. The trailer mostly consisted of voice overs, and shots of crew members creating sets and props. The first footage from the season was revealed in a new promotional video released by HBO", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18939002", "score": "1.0842369", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "50 chart. The season received highly positive reviews, with special praise directed at the episodes \"The Door\", \"Battle of the Bastards\" and \"The Winds of Winter\". On Metacritic, the season (based on the first episode) has a score of 73 out of 100 based on 9 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the sixth season has a 95% approval rating from 30 critics with an average rating of 8.33 out of 10. The season also received a 94% episode average score on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Bloody and captivating as always, \"Game of Thrones\" plunges", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135471", "score": "1.0837595", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "fifth season. New York Mets baseball pitcher Noah Syndergaard made a background cameo as a javelin-throwing Lannister soldier in \"The Spoils of War.\" On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of \"Game of Thrones\", just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. In a June 2016 interview with \"Variety\", co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss revealed the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were \"down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap.\" Director Jack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18938997", "score": "1.0826054", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 5)", "text": "18 million different IP addresses downloaded the leaked episodes, totaling 32 million downloads during the first week. The fifth season of \"Game of Thrones\" was the most-pirated TV series in 2015. Game of Thrones (season 5) The fifth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 12, and concluded on June 14, 2015. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season primarily adapts material from \"A Feast for Crows\" and \"A Dance with Dragons\", the fourth and fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135455", "score": "1.0825033", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "in February 2017. In an interview with the showrunners, it was announced that the filming of the seventh season would be delayed until later in the year due to necessary weather conditions for filming. The showrunners stated \"We're starting a bit later because, you know, at the end of this season, winter is here, and that means that sunny weather doesn't really serve our purposes any more. We kind of pushed everything down the line so we could get some grim, gray weather even in the sunnier places that we shoot.\" Girona, Spain did not return as one of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18938992", "score": "1.079975", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "\"Game of Thrones\" was the most-pirated TV series in 2016. Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016. It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes long, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series. Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135480", "score": "1.0798382", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "On March 9, 2017, HBO hosted a live stream on the \"Game of Thrones\" Facebook page that revealed the premiere date for the seventh season as being July 16, 2017. It was accompanied by a teaser trailer. On March 30, 2017, the first official promo for the show was released, highlighting the thrones of Daenerys Targaryen, Jon Snow, and Cersei Lannister. On April 20, 2017, HBO released 15 official photos shot during the season. On May 22, 2017, HBO released several new photos from the new season. On May 23, 2017, HBO released the official posters featuring the Night King.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18939004", "score": "1.0755559", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "The seventh season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven. Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 5)", "text": "million at the seventh episode, \"The Gift\". \"Business Insider\" cites two likely reasons for the lower ratings: backlash over the rape scene in \"Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken\", one of many deviations from the novels throughout the season that \"have upset fans,\" and increased online streaming through HBO Now. It also acknowledged a possible effect of the first four episodes leaking online before the season premiere and the decision to air on Memorial Day weekend in the United States (a weekend that had been skipped in previous seasons). \"Business Insider\" reached out to HBO for comment, HBO responded that it is seeing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135450", "score": "1.0698199", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones", "text": "had positive reviews of 91 percent or higher on Rotten Tomatoes, and a 97-percent rating (based on 50 reviews) for the season as a whole. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 95 percent and an average score of 8.6 out of 10 (based on 52 reviews). The season has a rating of 96 percent on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 8.4 out of 10 based on 29 reviews. After the first episode aired, the seventh season held a rating of 97 percent on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 8.2 out of 10 based on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12801001", "score": "1.0667659", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "season, which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada. Each episode cost over $10 million. The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne. The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle, and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North. Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe. At King's Landing, the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras, but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow, who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135457", "score": "1.0619003", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)", "text": "be the last time that we would be doing this\". In an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film, the final season would be \"six one-hour movies\" on television. He continued, \"The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental.\" Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20049002", "score": "1.058996", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016. It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes long, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series. Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the season on April 8, 2014, together with the fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135456", "score": "1.0559034", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones", "text": "out of 100 (based on 29 reviews) on Metacritic. The sixth season has been praised by critics, though not as highly as its predecessors. It has a score of 73 on Metacritic (based on nine reviews), indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The seventh season scored 77 out of 100 (based on twelve reviews) and was praised for its action sequences and focused central characters, but received criticism for its breakneck pace and plot developments that \"defied logic.\" Despite its otherwise enthusiastic reception by critics, \"Game of Thrones\" has been criticized for the amount of female nudity, violence, and sexual violence (especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12801004", "score": "1.0537027", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 5)", "text": "the novels, and his meeting with Daenerys was particularly lauded. The gross viewing figure per episode for the show, which include streaming, DVR recordings and repeat showings, averaged at 20 million this season. \"Business Insider\" noted a significant difference in the ratings between this season and previous seasons. The typical pattern involves \"Solid premiere viewings followed by a slow but steady gain of momentum through to the finale. Historically, the finale episodes of each season have beaten the premiere for total number of viewers\". However, this season showed a significant decline from 8 million viewers at the premiere to 5.4", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135449", "score": "1.0435884", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "A Song of Ice and Fire", "text": "season premiered in April 2014, HBO renewed \"Game of Thrones\" for a fifth and sixth season. Season 5 premiered on April 12, 2015 and set a Guinness World Records for winning the highest number of Emmy Awards for a series in a single season and year, winning 12 out of 24 nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series. These episodes were watched by 8 million viewers, setting a record number for the series. The sixth season premiered on April 24, 2016. These episodes received the most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards with 23, winning 12, including the award for Outstanding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "157658", "score": "1.0345256", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "and eighth season. It was later reported that the actors had gone through a renegotiation, for which they had increased their salary to $1.1 million per episode for the last two seasons. On August 31, 2016, \"Entertainment Weekly\" reported that Jim Broadbent had been cast for the seventh season in a \"significant\" role. It was announced that the role of Dickon Tarly has been recast, with Tom Hopper replacing Freddie Stroma, who had previously played the role in \"Blood of My Blood\". The seventh season sees the return of Mark Gatiss as Tycho Nestoris, who did not appear in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18938995", "score": "1.0323055", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "August 4, 2017, it was reported that, two days before its original broadcast, the fourth episode of the season was leaked online from Star India, one of HBO's international network partners. The leaked copy has the \"for internal viewing only\" watermark. On July 31, 2017, due to a security breach, HBO was the victim of 1.5 terabytes of stolen data. However, \"this was not related to this episode leak\", according to \"The Verge\". On August 16, 2017, four days before its intended release, it was reported that HBO Spain and HBO Nordic accidentally allowed the sixth episode of the series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18939006", "score": "1.031273", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)", "text": "of six episodes, and is expected to premiere later than usual for the same reason. Benioff and Weiss spoke about the end of the show, saying, \"From the beginning we've wanted to tell a 70-hour movie. It will turn out to be a 73-hour movie, but it's stayed relatively the same of having the beginning, middle and now we're coming to the end. It would have been really tough if we lost any core cast members along the way, I'm very happy we've kept everyone and we get to finish it the way we want to.\" The season is scheduled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20049004", "score": "1.0306866", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "sixth season. Filming for season six began in July 2015, and ended on December 17, 2015. The budget for the sixth season increased compared to the previous seasons as each episode did cost over $10 million per episode, totaling over $100 million for the full season and setting a new high for the series. The season filmed in five different countries, Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada. Like the previous seasons, a large amount of production took place in Northern Ireland, mainly in Belfast and on the Causeway Coast, including film locations in the Binevenagh, Magilligan area which was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135463", "score": "1.0271224", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 1)", "text": "U.S., and totaled 5.4 million viewers across multiple Sunday and Monday night airings. It averaged 743,000 and reached a peak 823,000 in UK and Ireland on its April 18 premiere. HBO announced that they would be commissioning a second season on the strength of the reception of the premiere episode. By the final episode of the season, which aired June 20, the ratings had climbed to over 3 million. The first season of \"Game of Thrones\" was nominated for thirteen Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series (Tim Van Patten for \"Winter Is Coming\"), and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15562749", "score": "1.0233244", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 5)", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 5) The fifth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 12, and concluded on June 14, 2015. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season primarily adapts material from \"A Feast for Crows\" and \"A Dance with Dragons\", the fourth and fifth novels in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series, though it also uses elements from the third novel, \"A Storm of Swords\", as well as the upcoming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135433", "score": "1.0232534", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "back into the midst of a world touched by grief, dread, and precarious sexuality.\" The season finale had 8.89 million viewers on its initial airing on HBO, up ten percent from the previous season's finale, which was the most-watched episode prior to this episode. The average gross viewing figure per episode for the show, which include streaming, DVR recordings and repeat showings, reached over 25 million this season, and it was described as the last consensus show on television. The figure went up by 25% compared to previous year, and viewing figures of the show this season on its on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135472", "score": "1.0220668", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 2)", "text": "3.9 million to 4.2 million by the season finale. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 2. They are listed by the region in which they first appear: HBO ordered a second season of \"Game of Thrones\" on April 19, 2011, two days after the series premiere. The second season obtained a 15% increase in budget in order to be able to stage the war's most important battle, the Battle of the Blackwater, in episode nine. Filming took place during 106 shooting days. During three-quarters of those, two crews (\"Dragon\" and \"Wolf\") were working simultaneously", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16263715", "score": "1.0182862", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 1)", "text": "categorized as \"generally favorable\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an 90% approval rating from 36 critics with an average rating of 8.39 out of 10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Its intricate storytelling and dark themes may overwhelm some viewers, but \"Game of Thrones\" is a transportive, well-acted, smartly written drama even non-genre fans can appreciate.\" The season also received a 97% episode average score on Rotten Tomatoes, which is tied with Season 4 for the highest season episode average of the show. The first episode attracted 2.2 million viewers its initial airing on April 17 in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15562748", "score": "1.0137048", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "nominations, the most of any series. It won 12 awards, including Outstanding Drama Series, David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for \"Battle of the Bastards\", and Miguel Sapochnik for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for \"Battle of the Bastards\". For the 7th Critics' Choice Television Awards, the series won for Best Drama Series. The season was simulcast around the world by HBO and its broadcast partners. While in some countries, it aired the day after its first release. On November 23, 2015, a teaser poster displaying Jon Snow was released on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135474", "score": "1.0119553", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 5)", "text": "key crew members. The first official trailer for season 5 was released on January 30, 2015, and the season's second trailer was released on March 9, 2015. The world premiere of the first episode of the fifth season was held at the Tower of London on March 18, 2015. The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 15, 2016, in region 1 and March 14, 2016, in region 2. On April 11, prior to the airing of the season's first episode, screener copies of the first four episodes were leaked to several file sharing sites. According to TorrentFreak,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135454", "score": "1.010997", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "filming locations. Girona stood in for Braavos and parts of King's Landing. It was later announced that the seventh season would film in Northern Ireland, Spain and Iceland, with filming in Northern Ireland beginning in August 2016. The series filmed in the Spanish cities Seville, Cáceres, Almodóvar del Río, Santiponce, Zumaia and Bermeo. Spanish sources announced that the series would be filming the seventh season on Muriola Beach in Barrika, Las Atarazanas, the Royal Dockyards of Seville and at the shores of San Juan de Gaztelugatxe, an islet belonging to the city of Bermeo. The series returned to film at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18938993", "score": "1.01061", "original_retrieval_index": 42 } ]

[ "The Hustons", "the Coppolas", "Hustons", "Farrow/Previn/Allens", "Coppolas" ]

[ { "title": "Sofia Coppola", "text": "to be nominated in that category, and the third woman overall, after Lina Wertmüller and Jane Campion. In 2010, Kathryn Bigelow became the fourth woman to be nominated, and the first to win the award. Coppola, however, remains the youngest woman to be nominated in the Best Director category. Coppola's win for Best Original Screenplay (along with her cousin Nicolas Cage's 1996 win for Best Actor) resulted in her family's becoming the second three-generation Oscar-winning family, her grandfather Carmine Coppola and her father Francis Ford Coppola having previously won Oscars. The first family to achieve this feat was the Huston", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2281942", "score": "0.9134784", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "George Westmore", "text": "George had six sons who went into the film make-up business, Monte, Perc, Ern, Wally, Bud and Frank, out of a total of nineteen children from his marriage to Ada Savage. He also had an additional daughter from his marriage to Anita Salazar. He is considered to be the patriarch of the Westmore family. His sons were make-up artists throughout the Golden Age of Hollywood. In 2000, the first Georgie awards were held. Named after George Westmore, they were hosted by the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. The Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Awards' lifetime achievement award", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9509547", "score": "0.89029956", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Oscar speech", "text": "an artistic family ... and most actors don't work, they have to practice accents while driving a taxi. And some of us are so lucky to work with writing, to work with directing. And to that artistic family that strives for excellence, none of you have ever lost, and I am proud to share this with you.\" Dustin Hoffman 1979). Some are heartfelt messages to friends, family, and supporters. Some raise awareness for sensitive topics (\"Tonight I am asking for your help. I call upon you to draw from the depths of your being to prove that we are a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17620731", "score": "0.88267004", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay", "text": "husband, Sydney Box, for the 1945 film \"The Seventh Veil\". The Boxes are also the first married couple to win in this category. Only three other married couples won an Oscar in another category—Earl W. Wallace and Pamela Wallace (for Original Screenplay), Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh (for Adapted Screenplay and Picture), and Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (for Original Song). In 1996, Joel Coen and Ethan Coen became the only siblings to win in this category (for \"Fargo\"). Francis Ford Coppola (\"Patton\", 1970) and Sofia Coppola (\"Lost in Translation\", 2003) are the only father-daughter pair to win. Preston Sturges", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18875448", "score": "0.8820298", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Fred Zinnemann", "text": "and Meryl Streep. He directed 19 actors to Oscar nominations, including Frank Sinatra, Montgomery Clift, Audrey Hepburn, Glynis Johns, Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Wendy Hiller, Jason Robards, Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Fonda, Gary Cooper and Maximilian Schell. Zinnemann was born in Rzeszów, the son of Anna (Feiwel) and Oskar Zinnemann, a doctor. His parents were Austrian-Jews. He had one younger brother. While growing up in Austria, he wanted to become a musician, but went on to graduate with a law degree from the University of Vienna in 1927. While studying law, he became drawn to films and convinced his parents to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "957266", "score": "0.8764242", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay", "text": "categories. Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh are the only married couple to win, for \"\". Geoffrey S. Fletcher (for \"Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire\"), John Ridley (for \"12 Years a Slave\"), and Barry Jenkins and Tarell Alvin McCraney (both for \"Moonlight\") are the only African-Americans to win in this category; Fletcher is also the first African-American to win in any writing category. Billy Wilder, Charles Brackett, Paddy Chayefsky, Francis Ford Coppola, Horton Foote, William Goldman, Robert Benton, Bo Goldman, and the Coen brothers have won Oscars for both original and adapted screenplays. James Ivory is the oldest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "737271", "score": "0.8709878", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Watson family", "text": "Astaire, Shirley Temple, Katharine Hepburn and Henry Fonda. Several members of the Watson family also worked as press, newsreel and television photographers during their adult careers. The family were collectively honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6674 Hollywood Blvd. Hollywood , California on April 22, 1999. Billy, Garry, and Louise were interviewed in July 2017 about their experiences in Hollywood. The Watson family's grandfather, James Watson, was a photographer who took photos of Buffalo Bill on Broadway, his son, J.C. (James Caughey) \"Coy\" Watson Sr. (1890-1968), a horse breaker, married Golda Gladdis Wimer (1893-1979)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13074257", "score": "0.87024623", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Hollywood Walk of Fame", "text": "Roger Williams, Tex Williams and Vanessa Williams. There are fourteen stars with the surname Moore, twelve with Jones, and seven with Smith. The largest collection of stars honoring one group of blood relatives is the widely scattered set of seven representing the Barrymore family: John Barrymore, his brother Lionel (who has two), and sister Ethel, their uncle Sidney Drew, John's son John Drew Barrymore, and John Drew's daughter Drew Barrymore. Walk of Fame rules prohibit consideration of nominees whose contributions fall outside the five major entertainment categories, but the selection committee has been known to conjure some interesting rule interpretations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1003602", "score": "0.86952484", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "89th Academy Awards", "text": "to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long \"War and Peace,\" which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new Academy rules barred any \"multi-part or limited series\" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, him and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19313450", "score": "0.86930025", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "List of Academy Award-winning families", "text": "The Hustons were the first three generation family of winners. The others are the Coppolas and, technically, the Farrow/Previn/Allens.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "John Williams", "text": "three children: Jennifer (b. 1956), Mark Towner Williams (b. 1958), and Joseph (b. 1960), who is the lead singer of Toto. The two remained married until her death in 1974. In 1980, Williams married Samantha Winslow, a photographer. John Williams has been nominated for 51 Academy Awards, winning 5; 6 Emmy Awards, winning 3; 25 Golden Globe Awards, winning 4; 67 Grammy Awards, winning 23; and has received 7 British Academy Film Awards. With 51 Oscar nominations, Williams currently holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for a living person, and is the second most nominated person in Academy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1360446", "score": "0.8630816", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "AFI Life Achievement Award", "text": "Garson, Cary Grant, Howard Hawks, Katharine Hepburn, William Holden, Deborah Kerr, Stanley Kramer, Stanley Kubrick, Burt Lancaster, Jerry Lewis, Myrna Loy, Sidney Lumet, Robert Mitchum, Peter O'Toole, Mary Pickford, Anthony Quinn, Debbie Reynolds, Ginger Rogers, Mickey Rooney, Norma Shearer, Shirley Temple, John Wayne, Robin Williams and Jane Wyman. Living people who appeared in or directed films in the top 10 of the AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies list that have yet to receive the award include Francis Ford Coppola, Stanley Donen, Olivia de Havilland and Kim Novak. One living actress who was listed on AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars has not received", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2953445", "score": "0.8626917", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Watson family", "text": "in September 1910. Their nine children went on to act in over 1,000 films, starting out as toddlers and child stars. The eldest of the nine siblings, Coy Watson Jr., authored a book, \"The Keystone Kid\". Watson family The Watsons, are an American family of nine sibling actors, who are known as \"the first family of Hollywood\". They were all first active as child actors in silent motion picture films. As of 2018, only Billy Watson (born 1923) and Garry Watson (born 1928) are still living. When Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios, located just 600 feet from the Watson family home,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13074258", "score": "0.8607547", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Vanessa Redgrave", "text": "Your Ears\" (1987), \"\" (1996), \"Atonement\" (2007), \"Coriolanus\" (2011) and \"The Butler\" (2013). Redgrave was proclaimed by Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams as \"the greatest living actress of our times\", and has won the Oscar, Emmy, Tony, BAFTA, Olivier, Cannes, Golden Globe, and the Screen Actors Guild awards. A member of the Redgrave family of actors, she is the daughter of Sir Michael Redgrave and Lady Redgrave (the actress Rachel Kempson), the sister of Lynn Redgrave and Corin Redgrave, the mother of actresses Joely Richardson and Natasha Richardson, the aunt of British actress Jemma Redgrave, and the mother-in-law of actor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "735110", "score": "0.8584189", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sidney Poitier", "text": "Best Actor (for \"Lilies of the Field\" in 1963). (James Baskett was the first African-American male to receive an Oscar, an Honorary Academy Award for his performance as Uncle Remus in the Walt Disney production of \"Song of the South\" in 1948, while Hattie McDaniel predated them both, winning as Best Supporting Actress for her role in 1939's \"Gone with the Wind\", making her the first person of African descent to be nominated for and receive an Oscar). His satisfaction at this honor was undermined by his concerns that this award was more of the industry congratulating itself for having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "565333", "score": "0.8571583", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Watson family", "text": "Watson family The Watsons, are an American family of nine sibling actors, who are known as \"the first family of Hollywood\". They were all first active as child actors in silent motion picture films. As of 2018, only Billy Watson (born 1923) and Garry Watson (born 1928) are still living. When Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios, located just 600 feet from the Watson family home, needed child actors for films, the father Canadian American J. C \"Coy\" Watson Sr. provided the kids. The Watson children worked with many big stars in the early Hollywood era, notably James Stewart, Lionel Barrymore, Fred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13074256", "score": "0.8549288", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Victor Nuñez", "text": "Roger Ebert wrote: Peter Fonda plays Ulee (short for Ulysses) Jackson, a Vietnam veteran, widower and grandfather. He is a beekeeper by profession, who raises two granddaughters, Jessica Biel and Vanessa Zima, because his son, Tom Wood, is in prison and his daughter-in-law Christine Dunford, a drug addict, has run away. Fonda was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Actor. Kenneth Turan wrote: Nunez is one of the founding members of the Utah/US Film Festival which was renamed the Sundance Film Festival in 1991. Victor Nuñez Victor Nunez (born 1945) is a film director, professor at the Florida State", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8621158", "score": "0.84837556", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "75th Academy Awards", "text": "pleased to be hosting the Oscars again, because fear and nausea always make me lose weight.\" In addition, this was the first Oscar ceremony broadcast in high-definition. To commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Academy Awards, 59 actors who have received both competitive and honorary awards appeared seated onstage together during a segment called Oscar's Family Album. Each former winner was acknowledged by announcer Neil Ross and Randy Thomas with the films he or she won for. At the end of the segment newly minted winners Adrien Brody, Chris Cooper, Nicole Kidman, and Catherine Zeta-Jones, along with Honorary Oscar recipient", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2730347", "score": "0.8482588", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "59th Academy Awards", "text": "Actress category. Best Actor winner Paul Newman was the fourth actor to have been nominated for portraying the same character in two different films, having previously earned a nomination for his role as \"Fast Eddie\" Felson in 1961's \"The Hustler\". By virtue of his victory in the Best Actor category, Newman and wife Joanne Woodward, who won Best Actress for her performance in 1957's \"The Three Faces of Eve\", became the second married couple to win acting Oscars. \"\" and \"Down and Out in America\"s joint win in the Best Documentary Feature category marked the fourth occurrence of a tie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7108099", "score": "0.847949", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Hattie McDaniel", "text": "received screen credits for only 80 or so. McDaniel has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Hollywood: one at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard for her contributions to radio and one at 1719 Vine Street for acting in motion pictures. In 1975, she was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame and in 2006 became the first black Oscar winner honored with a US postage stamp. McDaniel was born to former slaves in Wichita, Kansas. She was the youngest of 13 children. Her mother, Susan Holbert (1850–1920), was a singer of religious music, and her father, Henry McDaniel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "919083", "score": "0.8457859", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Child actor", "text": "Bonnie Franklin, Melissa Gilbert, Danielle Brisebois, Erika Eleniak, Max Pomeranc, Christina Ricci, Shelley Fabares, Candace Cameron Bure, Karron Graves, Gaby Hoffmann, Hilary Duff, Molly Ringwald, Stacy Ferguson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Lisa Whelchel, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Soleil Moon Frye, Melissa Joan Hart, Dean Stockwell, Fred Savage, Neil Patrick Harris, Michelle Chia, Shawn Lee, Joshua Ang, Aloysius Pang, and other Academy Award winners and nominees include; Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Jake Gyllenhaal, Joaquin Phoenix, Helen Hunt, Irene Cara, Reese Witherspoon, Hilary Swank, Christian Bale, Saoirse Ronan, Brie Larson, Elizabeth Taylor, and Leonardo DiCaprio. Many actors' careers are short-lived and this is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "900356", "score": "0.843631", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Family (2013 film)", "text": "Although the film did not generate many positive reviews, the cast was praised by critics. \"THV11\" said: \"The core actors of \"The Family\" were really solid and the whole film comes together to make a solid movie.\" Entertainment Weekly commented about Robert De Niro's role, saying: \"At this point, Robert De Niro has built an entire subgenre of movies in which he sticks his tongue out at his cinematic legacy.\" \"The Huffington Post\" said that: \"De Niro, Pfeiffer and Jones all brought 100% to their roles. \"Glee\" actress Dianna Agron was the stand-out here, shining as the daughter who was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17343051", "score": "0.84292114", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences", "text": "the all-white nominee list was published, pointed to Hollywood leadership as the root problem, \"We may win an Oscar now and then, but an Oscar is not going to fundamentally change how Hollywood does business. I'm not talking about Hollywood stars. I'm talking about executives. We're not in the room.\" Boone Isaacs also released a statement, in which she said \"I am both heartbroken and frustrated about the lack of inclusion. This is a difficult but important conversation, and it's time for big changes.\" After Boone Isaac's statement, prominent African-Americans such as director Spike Lee, actors Will Smith and Jada", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "501378", "score": "0.8403406", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "3rd Academy Awards", "text": "in any category. Best Sound Recording was introduced this year, making it the first new category since the inception of the Oscars. It was awarded to Douglas Shearer, brother of Best Actress winner Norma Shearer, making them the first sibling winners in Oscar history. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. The following eight films received multiple nominations: The following two films received multiple awards: 3rd Academy Awards The 3rd Academy Awards were awarded to films completed and screened released between August 1, 1929, and July 31, 1930, by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. \"All Quiet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7303572", "score": "0.8396765", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Kevin McCallister", "text": "Jeff, and two older sisters, Linnie and Megan. Kevin has lots of relatives. Kevin has two aunts; Leslie and Georgette. He has two uncles; Frank and Rob. He has six cousins; through Frank and Leslie he had five: Rod, Tracy, Sondra, Brooke, and Fuller, who wears glasses and is famous for drinking soda (such as Pepsi or Coca-Cola) and wetting the bed. Through Rob and Georgette, Heather is Kevin's cousin, as well as three unnamed children who were seen only briefly in the first film. At the 12th Youth in Film Awards, Macaulay Culkin won a Young Artist Award for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8366034", "score": "0.83956754", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "88th Academy Awards", "text": "the five directors nominated were Caucasian. Activist and former attorney April Reign, who was credited with starting the hashtag #OscarsSoWhite, tweeted, \"It's actually worse than last year. Best Documentary and Best Original Screenplay. That's it. #OscarsSoWhite.\" She also noted that while the Caucasian screenwriters of the film \"Straight Outta Compton\" earned nominations, the African American cast of the film was overlooked. As a result, the Academy was ridiculed again over social media with the aforementioned hashtag. Moreover, actress Jada Pinkett Smith and director and newly minted Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award recipient Spike Lee announced plans to boycott the ceremony and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18713223", "score": "0.83745134", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Joan Fontaine", "text": "estranged following the incident. While promoting her autobiography in 1978, Fontaine addressed the issue, stating, \"Until my adopted daughter goes back to see her parents, she's not welcome. I promised her parents. I do not forgive somebody who makes me break my word.\" Fontaine and her sister, Olivia deHavilland, are the only set of siblings to have won lead acting Academy Awards. Olivia was the first to become an actress; when Fontaine tried to follow her lead, their mother, who allegedly favored Olivia, refused to let Joan use the family name. Subsequently, Fontaine had to invent a name, taking first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1528590", "score": "0.83660877", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "My Family (film)", "text": "My Family (film) My Family is a 1995 independent American drama film directed by Gregory Nava, written by Nava and Anna Thomas, and starring Jimmy Smits, Edward James Olmos, and Esai Morales. The film depicts three generations of a Mexican American family who emigrated from Mexico and settled in East Los Angeles. The story is narrated by the family's oldest son, Paco (Edward James Olmos). The film begins with the father of the family, José Sanchez (Jacob Vargas), making a journey that lasts one year on foot from Mexico to Los Angeles. He travels to Los Angeles to meet a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4411124", "score": "0.8362875", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Hattie McDaniel", "text": "prominently in the program. For her performance as the house slave who repeatedly scolds her owner's daughter, Scarlett O'Hara (Vivien Leigh), and scoffs at Rhett Butler (Clark Gable), McDaniel won the 1939 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, the first black American to win an Oscar. She was the first black American to have been nominated. \"I loved Mammy,\" McDaniel said when speaking to the white press about the character. \"I think I understood her because my own grandmother worked on a plantation not unlike Tara.\" Her role in \"Gone with the Wind\" had alarmed some whites in the South;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "919096", "score": "0.8362179", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "88th Academy Awards", "text": "Reese Witherspoon expressed her frustration with the lack of diversity among the nominees and added, “Nothing can diminish the quality of their work, but these filmmakers deserve recognition. As an Academy member, I would love to see a more diverse voting membership.” During an interview with a reporter, President Barack Obama commented on the controversy saying, “I think when everybody’s story is told, then that makes for better art. That makes for better entertainment. It makes everybody feel part of one American family. So I think, as a whole, the industry should do what every other industry should do, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18713227", "score": "0.8356769", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Moctezuma II", "emperor Cuauhtemoc" ]

[ { "title": "Iztapalapa", "text": "Coyoacán. Its ruler was Cuitláhuac, born in 1476 as younger brother of Moctezuma Ilhuicamina and son of Axayacatl. Cuitláhuac received the Spanish in Iztapalapa before they went onto Tenochtitlan. They met in a garden which most Aztec lords had as a refuge and to demonstrate culture. In the center of the garden was a large palace made of sandstone and fine woods such as cedar. In 1519, the Spanish took Moctezuma, Cacamatzin (ruler of Texcoco), Cuitlahuac and other nobles as prisoners. Cortés was then forced to return to Veracruz to face Spanish authorities, leaving Pedro de Alvarado in charge. Alvarado", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2440292", "score": "1.1466922", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Juan de Guzmán", "text": "who was burnt at the stake in 1539 for continuing to practise the pre-Hispanic religion. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his son Juan de Guzmán the younger. Juan de Guzmán Don Juan de Guzmán Itztolinqui (reigned 1526–1569) was a post-Conquest \"tlatoani\" (ruler) of the \"altepetl\" (ethnic state) of Coyoacán in the Valley of Mexico. Juan de Guzmán's father was Quauhpopocatzin, a previous ruler of Coyoacán, and his mother was a daughter of Huitzilatzin, a ruler of Huitzilopochco. He was thus a great-great-grandson of Huitzilihuitl, the second Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan. He was installed as \"tlatoani\" by Hernán Cortés", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10163244", "score": "1.1421679", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "History of Mexico City", "text": "Aztec domination. Spanish objective, however, was that they themselves would benefit from the destruction of Tenochtitlan, making the native peoples not free, but rather more subservient to the Spaniards than they were to the Aztecs. Moctezuma, then-chief of the Aztecs, had been receiving accounts of the Europeans' arrival since their ships (reported as towers or small mountains on the eastern sea) arrived in the Yucatán then Veracruz. First-hand accounts indicate that the Aztec were under some impression that Cortés was the god Quetzalcoatl. According to these reports, the direction of the ships’ arrival and because of the Spaniards light skin,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2285964", "score": "1.1271416", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Qualpopoca", "text": "Veracruz) in 1519, one of his first acts was to overthrow Aztec dominion by seizing Aztec tribute collectors in the town of Quiahuiztlan and only returning them after a personal request from the Aztec Emperor. He then routed the Aztec garrison at the town of Tizapancingo and returned the state to the native Totonacs under their leader Tlacochcalcatl of Cempoala. To restore the province to Aztec control, Moctezuma despatched Qualpopoca with instructions to defeat the Totonacs and their Spanish allies. Arriving in October 1519, Qualpopoca demanded that the Totonac towns pay their regular tribute to the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12656998", "score": "1.1262512", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jalostotitlán", "text": "Caxcan tribes) resisted Aztec advances, who had just settled in nearby Teocaltiche for a period of 40 years before moving on to Tenochtitlán. The Spaniards first arrived in the area during the conquest of Tonalá under Captain Pedro Almíndez Chirino with the 350 Spaniards and 500 Purépecha and Tlaxcaltecs under his control. After a series of rebellions, the area was placed under the Spanish crown in 1541. The town of Jalostotitlán was founded by Fray Miguel de Bologna in 1544. After the Mexican War of Independence, Jalostotitlán gained the status of a town in 1838. The municipality of Jalostotitlán was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7940157", "score": "1.1239617", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Aporo, Michoacán", "text": "it was then conquered by the Purépecha Empire. Soon after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish soon took over Purépecha lands. Aporo then became part of an encomienda headed by González de Salazar called Taximaroa. The Spanish settlement was officially founded in 1540 by decree of the Spanish king with the name of San Lucas Aporo. This recognition was for the help of the local Otomi in the Conquest. The Spanish founders are named as two friars, Francisco Motolina and Lino Montes y Zuiza. Evangelization efforts in the area were headed by Martín de la Coruña. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10589753", "score": "1.1206868", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Acamapichtli", "text": "Acamapichtli Acamapichtli (, meaning \"Handful of reeds\") was the first \"tlatoani\", or ruler, of the Aztecs (or Mexica) of Tenochtitlan, and founder of the Aztec imperial dynasty. He became ruler in 1375 and reigned for 19 years. Acamapichtli was not a native of Tenochtitlan. Blood relationships between rulers were an important aspect of politics in 14th century Mexico, and as relative newcomers, the Mexicans were at a disadvantage. On the death of Tenoch in 1375, the elders of the Mexica \"calpultin\" decided to elect a \"tlatoani\" who could secure the fledgling city's position through ties to powerful groups in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2601143", "score": "1.1140642", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire", "text": "it was his \"desire to serve.\" A fragment of the greetings of Moctezuma says: \"\"My lord, you have become fatigued, you have become tired: to the land you have arrived. You have come to your city: Mexico, here you have come to sit on your place, on your throne. Oh, it has been reserved to you for a small time, it was conserved by those who have gone, your substitutes... This is what has been told by our rulers, those of whom governed this city, ruled this city. That you would come to ask for your throne, your place, that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8222347", "score": "1.1134537", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Veracruz (city)", "text": "Bernal Díaz del Castillo, first arrived in 1518 at the island later known as San Juan de Ulúa. The Spanish gave it that name because they landed on the Christian feast of John the Baptist (June 24), and in honor of the captain. \"De Ulúa\" is derived from the local name for the Aztecs, \"coluha\" or \"acolhua.\" According to tradition, when the Spanish arrived, they found two young men who had been sacrificed. When they asked the locals what had happened, they said the Aztecs had ordered the sacrifice. The word for Aztec evolved into Ulúa. Because the first expedition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129809", "score": "1.1122625", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire", "text": "tributaries and rivals of the Aztecs, including the Totonacs, and the Tlaxcaltecas, Texcocans, and other city-states particularly bordering Lake Texcoco. In their advance, the allies were tricked and ambushed several times by the people they encountered. After eight months of battles and negotiations, which overcame the diplomatic resistance of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II to his visit, Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519, where he took up residence, welcomed by Moctezuma. When news reached Cortés of the death of several of his men during the Aztec attack on the Totonacs in Veracruz, he took the opportunity to take", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Temoaya", "text": "Otomi here were conquered in 1486 by Ahuizotl, but chafed under Aztec rule, occasionally scheming with the Purépecha to try and wrest more autonomy. During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Otomi here sided with the Spanish. The first contact with the Spanish came in 1521, when Gonzalo de Sandoval was fighting against the Matlatzincas. Shortly the conquest, Frair Alonso Antonio Rangel began evangelization efforts in the area. The church established in Temoaya was dedicated to the Saint James. The area became part of the encomienda of Pedro Núñez, who divided much of the land into haciendas for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11494289", "score": "1.1036383", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Juan Velázquez Tlacotzin", "text": "ordered Tlacotzin be dressed as a Spaniard, given a sword and a white horse as symbols of his new position as Tlatoani. Tlacotzin was also baptized by the Spanish as don Juan Velásquez. He accompanied Cortés on his three year expedition, but died in 1526 (8 Tochtli) while on it, of an unknown sickness in Nochixtlan. Cortés immediately chose Andrés de Tapia Motelchiuh as his successor. Juan Velázquez Tlacotzin Juan Velázquez Tlacotzin was an Aztec leader in Tenochtitlan, during the final decades of the Aztec Empire. He then was the first post-Spanish conquest \"Tlatoani\" (Aztec ruler) from 1525 to 1526.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5020255", "score": "1.0998163", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cuauhtémoc", "text": "spirit of Cuauhtémoc alive and untamed\". Cuauhtémoc, in the name Guatemoc, is portrayed sympathetically in the adventure novel \"Montezuma's Daughter\", by H. Rider Haggard. First appearing in Chapter XIV, he becomes friends with the protagonist after they save each other's lives. His coronation, torture, and death are described in the novel. Cuauhtémoc Cuauhtémoc (, also known as Cuauhtemotzín, Guatimozín or Guatémoc; c. 1495) was the Aztec ruler (\"tlatoani\") of Tenochtitlan from 1520 to 1521, making him the last Aztec Emperor. The name Cuauhtemōc means \"one who has descended like an eagle\", and is commonly rendered in English as \"Descending Eagle\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "97098", "score": "1.0983171", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Coyoacán", "text": "Texcoco. Its people were Tecpanecas, who were farmers and stoneworkers specializing in the volcanic stone from the old lava flow of Xitle. It had been a Tepaneca dominion for 300 years until the Aztecs took over in the 15th century. Famous rulers were Maxtla and his son Tecollotzin. The Aztecs gave the area its current name; however their rule was hated by the native Tepanecas, who welcomed Hernán Cortés and the Spanish, allowing them to use this southern port on Lake Texcoco as a headquarters during the conquest of Tenochtitlan. After the Aztec capital was destroyed, Cortés remained in Coyoacan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2089385", "score": "1.0974939", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Iztapalapa", "text": "had hundreds of Aztec nobles killed. After Cortés returned, he liberated Cuitláhuac in exchange for supplies, allowing the lord to organize an army against the Spanish. Cuitlahuac succeeded Moctezuma as Aztec emperor and forced the Spanish to flee during the Noche Triste. However, Cuitlahuac was ruler only somewhere between 40 and 80 days according to various records. He spent that time repairing the city of Tenochtitlan as the Spanish regrouped in Tlaxcala. Cuitlahuac died of smallpox in December 1520, with Cuauhtémoc succeeding him. After the Spanish and their allies regrouped in Tlaxcala, Cortés decided to attack Iztapalapa before besieging the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2440293", "score": "1.0934714", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Cuitláhuac", "text": "the younger Cuitláhuac also ruled there initially. Cuitláhuac was an experienced warrior and an adviser to Moctezuma, warning him not to allow the Spaniards to enter Tenochtitlan. Hernán Cortés imprisoned both Moctezuma and Cuitláhuac. Following the massacre of Aztec elites when Cortés was away from Tenochtitlan, the Mexica besieged the Spanish and their indigenous allies. Cuitláhuac was released on the pretense to reopen the market to get food to the invaders. Moctezuma was killed under disputed circumstances, and Cuitláhuac was elected \"tlatoani\" following the flight of the Spaniards and their allies form Tenochtitlan on June 30, 1520. Some sources claim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "97080", "score": "1.0916804", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tlatoani", "text": "Tlatoani Tlatoani ( , \"one who speaks, ruler\"; plural ' or tlatoque) is the Classical Nahuatl term for the ruler of an , a pre-Hispanic state. It may be translated into English as \"king\". A ' () is a female ruler, or queen regnant. The term refers to \"vice-leader\". The leaders of the Mexica prior to their settlement are sometimes referred to as , as are those colonial rulers who were not descended from the ruling dynasty. The ruler's lands were called and the ruler's house was called The city-states of the Aztec Empire each had their own Tlatoani or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4553713", "score": "1.0914278", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Aztecs", "text": "against the Spanish invaders and their indigenous allies. He ruled only 80 days, perhaps dying in the smallpox epidemic, although early sources do not give the cause. He was succeeded by Cuauhtémoc, the last independent Mexica \"tlatoani\", who continued the fierce defense of Tenochtitlan. After the siege and complete destruction of the Aztec capital, he was captured on 13 August 1521, and marked the start of Spanish hegemony in central Mexico. Spaniards held Cuauhtémoc captive until he was tortured and executed on the orders of Cortés, supposedly for treason, during an ill-fated expedition to Honduras in 1525. His death marked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "639232", "score": "1.0903193", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Zultepec", "text": "who was prophesied to return in 1519 on the Aztec calendar. The Spaniards were led by Hernan Cortes who took advantage of the Aztecs, by taking Montezuma hostage, where he could control the empire through him. When Cortes found out what was being done to his people in Zultepec he renamed the town Tecuaque which means \"where people were eaten\" in the indigenous Nahuatl language. He then sent an army to destroy the town. Zultepec Zultepec was an Aztec town which had many white-stucco temples and was the home to approximately 5,000 people, mostly priests and farmers. Today Zultepec is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12674786", "score": "1.0891011", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Diego Tlilpotonqui", "text": "Luis de Tejada became \"tlatoani\". Diego Tlilpotonqui Don Diego Tlilpotonqui was the \"tlatoani\" (\"ruler\" or \"king\") of the pre-Columbian Acolhua \"altepetl\" (ethnic state) of Tepetlaoztoc in the Valley of Mexico. He was ruling Tepetlaoztoc when the Spanish arrived in 1519. Tlilpotonqui was the grandson of Cocopin, who had previously been ruler of Tepetlaoztoc. Upon Cocopin's death, his wife Azcasuch, a daughter of Nezahualcoyotl, the ruler of Texcoco, succeeded him as \"cihuatlatoani\" (queen regnant). After Azcasuch's death, the position became Tlilpotonqui's. With his conversion to Christianity, Tlilpotonqui was baptized and given the Spanish name Diego. Tlilpotonqui left no legitimate children. Upon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10288176", "score": "1.0882318", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Guerrero", "text": "last Aztec emperor, Cuauhtémoc (who was the son of a Chontal princess and Ahuizotl), came from Ixcateopan. After the fall of Tenochtitlan, there was little resistance by the peoples of the Guerrero area to the Spanish and a number of them, such as the Amuzgos, actively sided with the Europeans. In 1521, Rodrigo de Castañeda entered the Taxco area, while Gonzalo de Sandoval marched on the Chontal region, the Sierra del Norte, the Iguala valley and later the Costa Chica. Juan Rodriguz de Villafuerte took the Costa Grande area. After the Spanish Conquest, the territory was part of the “audencia”", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1605221", "score": "1.086847", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Puebla", "text": "Initially, the center and south areas were under the control of Tenochtitlan with Texcoco dominant in the north. Aztec domination continued until the Spanish Conquest. Hernán Cortés entered Puebla state in 1519, along with his indigenous allies from Veracruz, on his way to Tlaxcala. The Spanish takeover of the Puebla area was relatively easy. Many of the peoples here were under Aztec domination and saw the foreigners as a way to escape. One notable exception was the city of Cholula. While negotiating with the city's leaders, Cortés was told of a plot to attack him and his men. Cortés ordered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2464850", "score": "1.0857598", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Diego Tlilpotonqui", "text": "Diego Tlilpotonqui Don Diego Tlilpotonqui was the \"tlatoani\" (\"ruler\" or \"king\") of the pre-Columbian Acolhua \"altepetl\" (ethnic state) of Tepetlaoztoc in the Valley of Mexico. He was ruling Tepetlaoztoc when the Spanish arrived in 1519. Tlilpotonqui was the grandson of Cocopin, who had previously been ruler of Tepetlaoztoc. Upon Cocopin's death, his wife Azcasuch, a daughter of Nezahualcoyotl, the ruler of Texcoco, succeeded him as \"cihuatlatoani\" (queen regnant). After Azcasuch's death, the position became Tlilpotonqui's. With his conversion to Christianity, Tlilpotonqui was baptized and given the Spanish name Diego. Tlilpotonqui left no legitimate children. Upon his death, his nephew Don", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10288175", "score": "1.0850484", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Calimaya", "text": "the same ethnicity when the Aztecs under Axayacatl conquered it in 1472 with long established villages. Gonzalo de Sandoval conquered the area in 1521 for the Spanish. The area initially became an encomienda of Hernán Cortés, who later handed it over to Juan Gutiérrez Altamirano. Gutiérrez would temporarily lost control of the property in 1530 but Cortés intervened and the family would control it for generations, becoming the Counts of Santiago Calimaya. The Franciscans were in charge of evangelization, establishing themselves in 1524. Calimaya was one of three main sub-dominions in the area along with Tepemaxalco and Mexicaltzingo, which probably", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439997", "score": "1.0847945", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Qualpopoca", "text": "arrest, return him to the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan and subsequently burn him alive in front of the Templo Mayor. Qualpopoca first appears in the historical record when he was ordered by the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma Xocoyotzin to take control of the region surrounding the Aztec city of Nauhtla. Nauhtla was a border city of the Aztec Empire, the garrison there exerting Aztec dominion over the local population, who were largely Totonac in ethnic origin. The province had only recently been added to the Aztec Empire through conquest, and when Hernán Cortés arrived in the region (now the Mexican state of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12656997", "score": "1.0831069", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Temascalcingo", "text": "Mazahua. It was originally called \"Ñiñi Mbate\" which probably means 'place of the small plain' but possibly 'place of the first man'. This area was conquered by the Aztecs before the 16th century, and its last Aztec governor was named Ocoyotzen. When the Spanish invaded, the Mazahuas and the Otomis of this area united with the Aztecs to fight them. However, after the Spanish victory, Hernán Cortés distributed this area, along with Metepec to Francisco de Villegas in 1540. In 1535, the Franciscans began evangelization here, establishing churches and renaming the area, San Miguel Temascalcingo. Through the 18th century, haciendas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11532655", "score": "1.0828013", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Aztecs", "text": "arrivals. In 1519, he was informed of the arrival of the Spanish fleet of Hernán Cortés, who soon marched towards Tlaxcala where he formed an alliance with the traditional enemies of the Aztecs. On November 8, 1519, Motecuzoma II received Cortés and his troops and Tlaxcalan allies on the causeway south of Tenochtitlan, and he invited the Spaniards to stay as his guests in Tenochtitlan. When Aztec troops destroyed a Spanish camp on the gulf coast, Cortés ordered Motecuzoma to execute the commanders responsible for the attack, and Motecuzoma complied. At this point, the power balance had shifted towards the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "639230", "score": "1.0826714", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire", "text": "you would come here. Come to the land, come and rest: take possession of your royal houses, give food to your body.\"\" Moctezuma had the royal palace of Axayácatl, Moctezuma's father, prepared for Cortés. On the same day that the Spanish expedition and their allies entered Tenochtitlan, Moctezuma came to visit Cortés and his men. What happened in this second meeting remains controversial. According to several Spanish versions, some written years or decades later, Moctezuma first repeated his earlier, flowery welcome to Cortés on the Great Causeway, but then went on to explain his view of what the Spanish expedition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8222348", "score": "1.0822213", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Isabel Moctezuma", "text": "city by the Spanish. Aztec leaders quickly married her to Cuitláhuac, the new emperor, and, after he died of smallpox, to Cuauhtémoc. Cortés returned in 1521 with a large group of Spaniards and Indian allies, mostly from Tlaxcala, to attack Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs, their numbers and morale depleted by a smallpox epidemic, were defeated. Cuauhtémoc and his court attempted to flee Tenochtitlan by boat, but they were captured by the Spanish. On surrendering, Cuauhtémoc asked the Spanish to respect the ladies of his court, including his young wife Tecuichpotzin. In 1525, Cortés executed Cuauhtemoc and Tecuichpotzin was widowed for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2617810", "score": "1.0816416", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Stone of Motecuhzoma I", "text": "position of King into an imperial one. He is credited with the expansion and consolidation of the Aztec Empire (though he is often mistaken for his popular descendent Motecuhzoma II, who ruled during the Spanish conquest nearly a century later). In Nahuatl, Motecuhzoma means \"He Becomes Angry Like a Lord,\" and Ilhuicamina means \"He Shoots Arrows at the Sky.\" Under Motecuhzoma I's rule, Tenochtitlan began to solidify its place as the capitol city of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. His conquests extended Aztec rule far beyond the Valley of Mexico, bringing in a large amount of tribute offerings. These conquests are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7846871", "score": "1.0805178", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

[ "Patrick Walshe" ]

[ { "title": "Pat Walshe", "text": "feature film debut in \"The Wizard of Oz\". Due to Walshe's recognition for novelty performances dressed as animals and his expressive movement, Walshe was awarded the role of Nikko, the head king of the Winged Monkeys. Unlike the other monkeys, Nikko was a credited role, serving as the Wicked Witch's (played by Margaret Hamilton) second in command and minion. Though Walshe had no spoken lines, performing his character through physical performance, he did receive an on-screen credit (which was rare for bit players at the time). Instead of the simple stage makeup that Walshe used in his shows, he had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14372575", "score": "1.1915365", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Yūka Tano", "text": "that she was transferred to team K. On October 21, 2014, she and Ayaka Umeda were both chosen as Dorothy, the main character of the musical \"Wiz: The Wizard of Oz\" directed by Amon Miyamoto. In the elections for the 41st single of AKB48, she placed 47th overall with 18,048 votes and became Next Girls. She played the supporting role in the musical \"DNA-SHARAKU\" which performed in Tokyo, Osaka, and Fukuoka from January to February, 2016. On September 15, 2016, it was revealed that Tano placed 99th overall with 8,636 votes in the 45th single election. On March 15, 2018,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19374657", "score": "1.1416488", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Suzie Toase", "text": "Suzie Toase Suzie Toase or Suzanne Toase is a British actress who is possibly best known for her role as Alecto Carrow in the film adaptations of J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" and \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" and \"Part 2\". She also appeared in Season 3, Episode 5 of \"The IT Crowd\", , as Alison, a crying, Joker-esque ex-girlfriend of Roy. She has also appeared in an episode of \"Hotel Babylon\". Toase has had numerous lead roles in stage productions including \"Little Red Riding Hood\" and \"The Wizard of Oz\". She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11896660", "score": "1.1015956", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jacquelyn Piro Donovan", "text": "tour of \"The Wizard of Oz\". Jacquelyn Piro Donovan Jacquelyn Piro Donovan is an American actress and singer known for her work in broadway musicals and on the concert stage. She is perhaps best known for the distinction of being the only actress to portray both the young innocent Cosette and the tragic heroine Fantine in the original Broadway production of \"Les Misérables\". Donovan was born in Boston and raised in Wellesley, Massachusetts. She is the youngest daughter of Anthony J. Piro, an accomplished Medical and Radiation Oncologist and Marian Piro, a special needs teacher. She graduated from Lynnfield High", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9864255", "score": "1.0736201", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Danielle Hope", "text": "Hope also features on the cast album for the 2011 \"The Wizard of Oz\" West End show, released 9 May 2011. Danielle Hope Danielle Hope (born 26 April 1992) is an English actress and singer. She was the winner of the BBC talent contest \"Over The Rainbow\" and as a result played the part of Dorothy in the Andrew Lloyd Webber production of \"The Wizard of Oz\", which began performances in the West End at the London Palladium in February 2011. Following this role, she went on to play the role of Éponine in \"Les Misérables\" in the West End,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14527836", "score": "1.0465841", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Lexi Ainsworth", "text": "2017, Ainsworth won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Kristina Davis on \"General Hospital\". Lexi Ainsworth Alexandra Danielle Ainsworth (born October 28, 1992) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Kristina Davis on \"General Hospital\" (2009–2011, 2015–2017, 2018-present), and Jessica Burns in the 2015 film \"A Girl Like Her\". Ainsworth was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She began dancing on stage at the local ballet company at age six. This led her to appear in several theater productions, such as \"The Wizard of Oz\" (as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13064977", "score": "1.0400687", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "A. J. Bridel", "text": "Toronto Critics Award and was nominated for a Dora Award for her performance as Lauren in Mirvish Productions' staging of \"Kinky Boots\". In 2012, she placed third out of ten finalists selected by Andrew Lloyd Webber as a possible Dorothy for the Toronto production of \"The Wizard of Oz\" decided on the CBC Television reality show, \"Over the Rainbow\". A. J. Bridel A. J. Bridel (born 1992 or 1993) is a Canadian actress and singer. Born in Calgary, Alberta and raised in Kitchener, Ontario, her credits include playing Peter Pan in \"Peter Pan: The Panto\" and Dorothy in \"The Wizard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20355522", "score": "1.0386481", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "Michael Crawford as the Wizard and Hannah Waddingham as the Wicked Witch of the West. Sophie Evans played Dorothy on Tuesday evenings and took over the role full-time in February 2012. The role of Dorothy was cast through the 2010 reality television show \"Over the Rainbow\", in which Hope won and Evans was the runner-up. After a similar Canadian reality TV search show, a Toronto production began in December 2012 and closed in August 2013, and was followed by a North American tour. In April 2017 an Australian tour was announced including season at the Lyric Theatre, Queensland Performing Arts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020789", "score": "1.0378678", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sophie Evans (performer)", "text": "Sophie Evans (performer) Sophie Evans (born 13 February 1993) is a Welsh singer and actress known for her role of Glinda in the West End production of Wicked, and Dorothy in the West End production of \"The Wizard of Oz\". As a child, Evans performed with the Mid-Rhondda Operatic Society. After several television appearances in her teens, she achieved wider notice as the runner-up on the 2010 BBC talent show \"Over the Rainbow\". Evans made her West End debut in March 2011 as the alternate Dorothy in Andrew Lloyd Webber's production of \"The Wizard of Oz\", From February to September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14569318", "score": "1.03072", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Pat Walshe", "text": "Patrick Walshe (July 26, 1900 – December 11, 1991) was an American dwarf character actor and circus performer who specialized portraying animals (animal impersonating). He is best known for playing Nikko, the head of the Winged Monkeys in The Wizard of Oz. He appeared in only a few films, as most of his work was in theater, vaudeville and circus.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Danielle Hope", "text": "the role of Dorothy in the new London production of \"The Wizard of Oz\". Previews commenced 7 February 2011, with the opening night on 1 March. She starred alongside Michael Crawford in the title role, with \"Over the Rainbow\" runner-up Sophie Evans as the alternate Dorothy; performing the role on Tuesday evenings and during Hope's holidays and other unforeseen absences. She won the 2011 BroadwayWorld UK Award for Best Leading Actress In a Musical and was also nominated for the whatsonstage.com Theatergoers Choice Award for Best London Newcomer. Hope played her final performance in the production on 5 February 2012,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14527831", "score": "1.0222198", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Olivia Tennet", "text": "for the Auckland Fringe Festival in February 2011. She also helped choreograph the show. Later on, Tennet made a television appearance in an episode of \"The Almighty Johnsons\" as Delphine in March 2011. She also took the stage as Emilia in Peach Theatre Company's production of \"Othello\" in July 2011. She then took on the role of Dorothy in a major theatrical production of \"The Wizard of Oz\" based on the 1987 musical produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Civic Theatre in September 2011, earning positive reviews for her portrayal of the character. Before leaving for the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9235837", "score": "1.019258", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Nancy Sullivan (English actress)", "text": "Dorothy in the RSC version of \"The Wizard Of Oz\" for the West Yorkshire Playhouse (2006). Nancy then went on to create the role of Chloe for the new Take That musical, \"Never Forget\", which completed a No.1 UK Tour in 2007. Nancy's performance can be seen on the \"Never Forget\" DVD filmed by Universal Pictures and heard on the cast recording. In 2008 Nancy applied for the BBC's \"I'd Do Anything\" to play the role of Nancy in \"Oliver!\" Nancy was taken through to the final stages and down the last 20 girls before leaving the competition. Having been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12640967", "score": "1.0186305", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jennifer Gillis", "text": "Jennifer Gillis Jennifer Kristine Gillis (born 26 April 1996) is a Canadian singer, dancer and actress with an extensive resume in musical theatre, television, singing, radio, recording, and animated voice-over work. Gillis is most noted for performing in Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber's CBC TV reality show \"Over the Rainbow\"-a competition to be cast as the leading role of Dorothy Gale in Lloyd Webber's forthcoming production of \"The Wizard of Oz\" in Toronto, Ontario. Being the youngest aspiring singer in the competition, she singularly represented her province of British Columbia and as a result was named the Top 6th musical theatre", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17469070", "score": "1.0171471", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Andrew Lloyd Webber", "text": "the West End. Following the opening of \"Love Never Dies\", Lloyd Webber again began a search for a new musical theatre performer in the BBC One series \"Over the Rainbow\". He cast the winner, Danielle Hope, in the role of Dorothy, and a dog to play Toto in his forthcoming stage production of \"The Wizard of Oz\". He and lyricist and composer Tim Rice wrote a number of new songs for the production to supplement the songs from the film. On 1 March 2011, \"The Wizard of Oz\" opened at The Palladium Theatre, starring Danielle Hope as Dorothy and Michael", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "655405", "score": "1.0161991", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Danielle Hope", "text": "Danielle Hope Danielle Hope (born 26 April 1992) is an English actress and singer. She was the winner of the BBC talent contest \"Over The Rainbow\" and as a result played the part of Dorothy in the Andrew Lloyd Webber production of \"The Wizard of Oz\", which began performances in the West End at the London Palladium in February 2011. Following this role, she went on to play the role of Éponine in \"Les Misérables\" in the West End, starting in June 2012. Hope lived in Urmston, Greater Manchester, and attended Knutsford High School in Cheshire, concentrating in drama and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14527824", "score": "1.0104408", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Jos Vantyler", "text": "the perfect Villain, the children around me (and possibly even myself…) were shivering in their seats whenever he came on. A performance I shall remember for a long time!\"\" During the Christmas 2018-19 season, Vantyler will play the part of Ms Gulch/The Wicked Witch of the West in \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. Jos Vantyler Jos Vantyler (born 20 February 1988) is an award-winning Irish actor. Vantyler was born in County Mayo, Ireland, where he lived until the age of six. In 2005, Vantyler won The NYC Star Best Newcomer Award for his portrayal of Rodolfo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14334954", "score": "1.0049219", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tina Arena", "text": "Maanen. Jemma Rix (WICKED, The Wizard of Oz) has been cast as the alternate Eva Perón and is currently scheduled to be appearing in the role at least once a week (the Wednesday 7:30pm show) throughout the Sydney season, according to the Evita-Australia website. On July 21, 2018, Opera Australia Artistic Director Lyndon Terracini, along with producers John Frost and David Ian, announced the 18 young performers who have been cast in the upcoming production of \"Evita\", in season at the Sydney Opera House from September 2018. Three sets of six children will alternate in ensemble roles. In taking on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "652874", "score": "1.0021334", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Olga C. Nardone", "text": "Olga C. Nardone Olga Nida Carmena Nardone (June 8, 1921 – September 24, 2010) was an actress and one of the last surviving Munchkins from the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", in which she played a member of the Lullaby League. She was known as \"Little Olga\" and \"Princess Olga\" and was one of the smallest of the Wizard of Oz Munchkins, standing at just 3 foot 4 inches (101.6 cm) tall. The fact that she had done ballet solos in vaudeville helped get her the part. She was born on June 8, 1921 in Newton, Massachusetts to Louise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14256910", "score": "0.9997307", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sophie Evans (performer)", "text": "and a centenary documentary about the Tonypandy Riots (BBC Wales). Evans auditioned for \"Over the Rainbow\", a reality show in which young actress/singers competed to play the role of Dorothy Gale in Andrew Lloyd Webber's 2011 production of \"The Wizard of Oz\". She advanced to the final along with Danielle Hope and Lauren Samuels. The final aired in two parts on 22 May 2010. Hope was the declared the winner and Evans the runner-up. Lloyd Webber elected to assist Evans, with the aid of casting director Bill Kenwright, to start her professional career, funding her continued training as a performer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14569320", "score": "0.99966556", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Margaret Raia", "text": "2003. Margaret Raia Margaret Raia (1929 – August 17, 2003), also known as Margie Raia, was an American actress with dwarfism, best known for her role as one of the Munchkin villagers in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". During production, MGM officials discovered that Raia was underage and as a result she was expelled from the set half way through filming. Her brother, Matthew, also appeared as a munchkin in the film. Raia was born in Long Island, New York in 1929. She died at the age of 74 from a brain seizure in Port Richey, Florida in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20745790", "score": "0.9994134", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Kaniehtiio Horn", "text": "\"Defiance\", and played Dorothy from \"The Wizard of Oz\" in \"Slumber Party\", an episode of the CW series \"Supernatural\". She also appeared in \"Embrace of the Vampire\" starring Sharon Hinnendael, a remake of the 1995 horror film of the same name, in the television special \"Gavin Crawford's Wild West\" and in the Amazon series \"The Man in the High Castle\". Horn has a recurring role as Tanis in the CraveTV series \"Letterkenny\". Kaniehtiio Horn Kaniehtiio Horn (born November 8, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She is often credited as Tiio Horn. She was nominated for a Gemini Award for her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14606870", "score": "0.9992983", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Lucy Durack", "text": "opened in Melbourne at the Princess Theatre in May 2013. Lucy won the Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Musical for her work in \"Legally Blonde\". Durack completed filming the role of Katie Morgan in the film \"Now Add Honey\" in September 2013 playing the fiancee of Hamish Blake and sister of Portia De Rossi. Durack's debut self-titled album was released on 28 September 2012. Beginning 2017, Durack portrays Glinda the Good Witch in the Australian tour of \"The Wizard of Oz\". Lucy Durack Lucy Durack (born 17 November 1982) is an Australian musical theatre performer who played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12098453", "score": "0.9940027", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "was produced by Lloyd Webber and Bill Kenwright, with direction by Jeremy Sams, choreography by Arlene Phillips and sets and costumes by Robert Jones. It took in pre-opening sales of £10 million. The production celebrated its 500th performance on 9 May 2012 and closed on 2 September 2012. An autumn 2012 reality TV show, \"Over the Rainbow\", hosted by Daryn Jones, searched for a Canadian girl to play the role of Dorothy in a Toronto staging by Mirvish Productions. On 5 November 2012, viewers of the show chose Danielle Wade, a 20-year-old University of Windsor acting major, to play the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020796", "score": "0.99372345", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Margaret Raia", "text": "Margaret Raia Margaret Raia (1929 – August 17, 2003), also known as Margie Raia, was an American actress with dwarfism, best known for her role as one of the Munchkin villagers in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". During production, MGM officials discovered that Raia was underage and as a result she was expelled from the set half way through filming. Her brother, Matthew, also appeared as a munchkin in the film. Raia was born in Long Island, New York in 1929. She died at the age of 74 from a brain seizure in Port Richey, Florida in August", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20745789", "score": "0.9904017", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ozzie Smith", "text": "wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn. Smith remains a visible figure around the St. Louis area, making varied appearances like playing the role of the Wizard in the St. Louis Municipal Opera's summer 2001 production of \"The Wizard of Oz\". Smith cheered on his son Nikko as he cracked the top ten finalists of the 2005 edition of \"American Idol\". In 2012, Smith made news headlines again, when he sold all of his Gold Gloves at auction together for more than $500,000. Ozzie Smith Osborne Earl Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304912", "score": "0.990022", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods", "text": "the Broadway revival of Hair. Cassie Okenka performed as Dorothy Gale in the national tour of \"The Wizard of Oz\", was the understudy to Bonnie in \"Bonnie and Clyde\" on Broadway and recently performed in the 1st National Tour of \"Wicked\" in the ensemble and as an understudy for Glinda. Okenka currently appears in \"School of Rock\" on Broadway where she understudies Patty. Rachel Potter performed in the ensemble of the 2nd National Tour of \"Wicked\" and as an understudy for Glinda from August 2010 to February 2011, as Wednesday in \"The Addams Family\" on Broadway from March 2011 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12069086", "score": "0.9817099", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Katie Stevens", "text": "long been active in her local theater community. She played Dorothy in both BSS Children's Theater and Main Street Theater's production of \"The Wizard of Oz\". At Main Street Theater Stevens also played the role of Sharpay in \"High School Musical\" and \"The Cat\" in \"Honk\". She played Nellie Forbush in Pomperaug High School's \"South Pacific\" alongside Gary Dwyer as Emile DeBeque. She performed at Carnegie Hall at the age of 13. On August 13, 2009, she auditioned for \"American Idol\" in Boston, Massachusetts and sang \"At Last\", where all four judges (including guest judge Victoria Beckham) advanced her to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14303959", "score": "0.9813783", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)", "text": "10 September 2013 at the Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas, Nevada, with the original Canadian cast, except that Jacquelyn Piro Donovan played Miss Gulch/The Wicked Witch of the West. It concluded on 29 June 2014 at the Detroit Opera House. The musical began touring Australia beginning 4 November 2017 at the Lyric Theatre, Queensland Performing Arts Centre in Brisbane, Queensland, followed by a season at the Capitol Theatre, Sydney in Sydney from 30 December 2017. The cast includes Anthony Warlow as the Wizard with Lucy Durack as Glinda the Good and Jemma Rix as Wicked Witch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15020798", "score": "0.98031765", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Barbara Mamabolo", "text": "Barbara Mamabolo Barbara Mamabolo (born November 30, 1986) is a Canadian actress and singer. Since 1998, she has amassed an extensive list of theatre and television credits. She was born in Toronto, Ontario. Mamabolo has made guest-star appearances on the critically acclaimed series \"The Eleventh Hour\", \"\", and \"Relic Hunter\". Her stage credits include the role of Becky at the Tarragon Theatre's production of \"The Little Princess\", a principal role in Ross Petty's \"Peter Pan\" at the Elgin Theatre, Dorothy in the Leah Polsun Theatre's production of \"The Wizard of Oz\", and a member of the ensemble cast of \"Judy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10517317", "score": "0.97902644", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "the Franciscan order", "Fermín Francisco de Lasuén" ]

[ { "title": "Our Lady of Solitude", "text": "and of Cavite Province, Philippines, under the name Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga. The Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Soledad, California was devoted to María de la Soledad. The given name María de la Soledad, often shortened to Marisol or Soledad, is used in Spanish-speaking countries. Our Lady of Solitude Our Lady of Solitude () is a title of Mary (mother of Jesus) and a special form of Marian devotion practised in Spanish-speaking countries to commemorate the solitude of Mary on Holy Saturday. Variant names include Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, Maria Santisima, Nuestra Señora", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16994243", "score": "1.3507864", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad", "text": "Pico sold the mission for a reported $800), the remaining buildings were looted for supplies. In 1954, when the Mission Soledad restoration was begun, only piles of adobe dirt and a few wall sections from the \"cuadrángulo\" (quadrangle) remained. The chapel was reconstructed and dedicated under the auspices of the Native Daughters of the Golden West on October 9, 1955. The ruins of the quadrangle, cemetery, and some of the outer rooms, while not restored, can still be seen. Governor Arrillaga's grave was identified and given a new marker. The Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad is now a functioning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "703551", "score": "1.3040184", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Soledad, California", "text": "1898 Fort Romie was founded a few miles north of the mission and west of the city. San Vicente School was built in 1913 forming the Soledad School District. The City, a general law city, incorporated in March 1921 with a City Council/City Manager form of government. The city's name comes from the mission Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad. Soledad is used as a backdrop in John Steinbeck's 1937 novel \"Of Mice and Men\", a novella about two friends who work on a California farm. Soledad was chosen as the setting, because \"soledad\" is Spanish for 'solitude', a recurring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1012866", "score": "1.270551", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Vicente Francisco de Sarría", "text": "resident priest to man Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, he decided to take the post himself. Alone at the mission, Father Sarría carried on his work among the natives until May 1835 when his worn and emaciated body was found at the foot of the altar. Several days later the last of his loyal Indian followers built a litter and carried his body some 25 miles over the hills to Mission San Antonio de Padua, where he is interred. The missions of the Californias were eventually secularized in 1834 and converted into \"pueblos\", towns. Vicente Francisco de Sarría Father", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10044905", "score": "1.2695193", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad", "text": "made to work and live there, followed by Esselen and Yokut people. By 1803, there were 627 Mission Indians at Mission Soledad. At the Mission many Chalon married local Esselen speakers, while others married Yokuts were brought into the mission between 1806 and 1834. The mission's herds numbered 1,150 cattle, about 5,000 sheep, 30 swine, 670 horses and 40 mules. Spanish Governor José Joaquín de Arrillaga was buried in the chapel after he died on July 24, 1814 during a visit to the Mission. The mission was inundated by floods in 1824, 1828, and 1832, and following secularization (when Pio", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "703550", "score": "1.2657163", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad", "text": "petitioned to have the mother declared incompetent. Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad was a Mexican land grant in the Salinas Valley, in present-day Monterey County, California. It was given in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to Feliciano Soberanes. The grant derives its name from the secularized Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, but was called ex-Mission because of a division made of the lands held in the name of the Mission — the church retaining the grounds immediately around, and all of the lands outside of this are called ex-Mission lands. The grant was adjacent Mission Soledad, west of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13977673", "score": "1.2599394", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad", "text": "Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad was a Mexican land grant in the Salinas Valley, in present-day Monterey County, California. It was given in 1845 by Governor Pío Pico to Feliciano Soberanes. The grant derives its name from the secularized Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, but was called ex-Mission because of a division made of the lands held in the name of the Mission — the church retaining the grounds immediately around, and all of the lands outside of this are called ex-Mission lands. The grant was adjacent Mission Soledad, west of the Salinas River and Soledad. The Soberanes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13977669", "score": "1.24813", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad", "text": "son, Francisco Maria Soberanes (1818–1887), was granted Rancho Sanjon de Santa Rita in 1841. Feliciano became administrator of Mission Soledad lands and received the two square league Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad in 1845. With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1853, and the grant was patented to Feliciano Soberanes in 1874. When Feliciano died in 1868, his son, Francisco", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13977671", "score": "1.2195609", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Soledad, California", "text": "Vineyard, and Graff Family Vineyards. The original community of Soledad was founded as a Spanish mission October 9, 1791 by Fermín Lasuén, and founded under the rule of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (\"Virreinato de Nueva España\") 1535 to 1821. The Soledad post office opened in 1869. The current community of Soledad in 1874 had a few buildings and shops. The two main streets were named Front and Main. In 1886, land was subdivided into lots and sold by its owners, the Munras family. In the late 1880s the Southern Pacific Railroad laid rails and began serving the area. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1012865", "score": "1.2047062", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad", "text": "Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, known colloquially as the Soledad Mission or Mission Soledad, is a Spanish mission located near the present-day town of Soledad, California. The mission was founded by the Franciscan order on October 9, 1791 to convert the Native Americans living in the area to Catholicism. It was the thirteenth of California's Spanish missions, and is named for Mary, Our Lady of Solitude. The town of Soledad is named for the mission.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Spanish missions in California", "text": "strayed from the coast when establishing their settlements; Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad was located farthest inland, being only some thirty miles (48 kilometers) from the shore. Each frontier station was forced to be self-supporting, as existing means of supply were inadequate to maintain a colony of any size. California was months away from the nearest base in colonized Mexico, and the cargo ships of the day were too small to carry more than a few months’ rations in their holds. To sustain a mission, the \"padres\" required converted Native Americans, called \"neophytes\", to cultivate crops and tend livestock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "698670", "score": "1.194194", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Salinas River (California)", "text": "banks of the Salinas river were the Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad established in 1791, and the Mission San Miguel Arcángel, established in 1797. The Mission San Antonio de Padua was also established during this same time period in the Salinas valley, but not on the river itself. These three missions were a part of the chain of 21 missions, then commissioned by the Spanish government in what is now the American State of California. All three of these missions remain to this day, the Soledad mission having evolved into the city of Soledad, and the San Miguel mission", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3377531", "score": "1.1873481", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Gerónimo Boscana", "text": "Soledad (Soledad Mission), Mission La Purísima Concepción (La Purísima Mission), Mission San Luis Rey de Francia (San Luis Rey Mission & \"Luiseño\" 'Mission Indians'), and Mission San Gabriel Arcángel (San Gabriel Mission & \"Gabrieliño\"—Tongva 'Mission Indians'). For more than a decade, from 1812–1826, he was stationed at Mission San Juan Capistrano. He died at Mission San Gabriel in 1831, and is the only missionary to be interred in its cemetery among over 2,000 other mission inhabitants, mainly Tongva-Gabrielino Indians, buried there. Boscana's first ethnographic contribution resulted from an 1812 questionnaire sent by the Spanish government to the missionaries of Alta", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8810411", "score": "1.1831195", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Spanish missions in California", "text": "with a few government officials) sought refuge at Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, the mission chain's most isolated outpost. Ironically, Mission Santa Cruz (though ultimately ignored by the marauders) was ignominiously sacked and vandalized by local residents who were entrusted with securing the church's valuables. By 1819, Spain decided to limit its \"reach\" in the New World to Northern California due to the costs involved in sustaining these remote outposts; the northernmost settlement therefore is Mission San Francisco Solano, founded in Sonoma in 1823. An attempt to found a twenty-second mission in Santa Rosa in 1827 was aborted. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "698711", "score": "1.1820389", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Misión de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Norte", "text": "Misión de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Norte Mission Guadalupe was founded by the Dominican missionary Félix Caballero in June 1834, at the site of the modern community of Guadalupe, Baja California. This was the last of the new Dominican missions in Baja California and the only one begun after Mexico had gained its independence in 1821. The mission's inland site, about 25 kilometers east of Misión San Miguel was presumably chosen for the agricultural potential of its wide valley. Wheat, olives, pears, and grapes were among the crops that were produced. Guadalupe may have had about 400 Kumeyaay Indians", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6282043", "score": "1.1720991", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario", "text": "Rosario are lost, but archaeologists believe the building consisted of a chapel, sacristy, bell tower and residence. Soldiers from nearby Presidio La Bahía most likely guarded the mission to protect it from threats. Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario was established in November 1754 by Spanish Franciscan missionary Father Juan de Dios Camberos to bring Christianity to the indigenous Karankawa people. At its peak, the mission owned a herd of 5,000 cattle, but mismanagement, lack of administrative support and resistance from the Karankawa led to the gradual decline of the mission. At the mission, the Karankawa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20901341", "score": "1.1696187", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario", "text": "Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario was established in November 1754 by Spanish Franciscan missionary Father Juan de Dios Camberos to bring Christianity to the indigenous Karankawa people. At its peak, the mission owned a herd of 5,000 cattle, but mismanagement, lack of administrative support and resistance from the Karankawa led to the gradual decline of the mission. At the mission, the Karankawa were expected to adhere to a schedule of religious instruction, technical education and manual labor, however, few Karankawa would abandon their religion and culture and left the mission. The architectural details of Mission", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20901340", "score": "1.1647315", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Victor Pantaleon Linares", "text": "were christened the next day at Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad. Salvador's widow with a daughter from her first marriage and the three young sons from the second, remarried for a third time on December 17, 1809 at Mission San Gabriel, to Jose Pedro Villalobos, a corporal of the garrison of San Diego Presidio. It was he or perhaps his father an old soldier and resident of San Diego, Juan Jose Miguel Villalobos, who raised the sons of Salvador Linares until his death March 7, 1825. That year the eldest Linares son, Jose Ynes de la Luz joined the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20300148", "score": "1.1572571", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Félix Caballero", "text": "Arizpe. He returned to Mission Santa Catalina from Tucson with a military expedition under Captain José Romero who was to establish a route for a mail service through the region. In 1834 he founded Misión de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Norte, the last Dominican mission to be established in California. The mission survived only until 1840, when a local chief, Jatñil, who had previously provided support to the missions, led a rebellion in response to forced conversions of his people. Félix Caballero Félix Caballero was a Dominican priest. He played an important part in the history of the missions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5917167", "score": "1.1549687", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Palo Colorado Canyon, California", "text": "Carmelo, Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, and Mission San Antonio de Padua) near them from 1770 to 1791. The native population was decimated by disease, including measles, smallpox, and syphilis, which wiped out 90 percent of the native population, and by conscript labor, poor food, and forced assimilation. Virtually all of the Esselen people's villages within the current Los Padres National Forest were left largely uninhabited. Rancho San Jose y Sur Chiquito was first granted in 1835 to Teodoro Gonzalez and re-granted by Governor Juan Alvarado the same year to Marcelino Escobar. It bordered the first mile of Palo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19721267", "score": "1.1531621", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia", "text": "Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia was founded in early 1784 in the burgeoning \"Pueblo de Los Ángeles\" as an \"asistencia\" (or \"sub-mission\") to the nearby Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. The assistant mission fell into disuse over time and a Catholic chapel, \"La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles\", was constructed in its place a mere thirty years later. In the first months of 1784, priests from San Gabriel established an assistant mission in the neighboring \"Pueblo de Los Angeles\" along the banks of \"El Rio de Nuestra Señora La", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7503637", "score": "1.1486444", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula de los Pecos", "text": "Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula de los Pecos The Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (\"Mission of Our Lady of the Angels of Porciúncula\") was a mission that served the people of the Pecos Pueblo, near modern Pecos, New Mexico, from sometime around 1619. The first church at the Pecos Pueblo was probably built by the Franciscan Fray Pedro Zambrano Ortiz by 1619, an isolated building on a narrow ridge about northeast of the pueblo's main quadrangle. The people of the pueblo would not allow construction of a church closer to their dwellings. In 1625,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9932491", "score": "1.1401892", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Rancho El Alisal", "text": "in Monterey where he spent his whole life. He was regidor in 1829-1830, and then alcade at Monterey in 1838-1839. He married Maria Antonia Rodriguez (1795-1883) in 1810. Feliciano was the grantee of Rancho San Lorenzo in 1841. Soberanes became the administrator of Mission Soledad lands and received the Rancho Ex-Mission Soledad grant in 1845. Maria Josefa Soberanes, daughter of Feliciano, was granted Rancho Los Coches in 1841. Francisco Maria Soberanes (1818-1887), son of Feliciano, was granted Rancho Sanjon de Santa Rita in 1841. Mariano de Jesus Soberanes (1794-1859) was a soldier and also held the office of alcade in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13975064", "score": "1.1380223", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio", "text": "Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio The Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio was a Spanish land grant to José Francisco Ortega in 1794 and is the only land grant made under Spanish rule in what is today Santa Barbara County, California. A Mexican title was granted to Antonio Maria Ortega in 1834 by Mexican Governor José Figueroa. The grant extended along the Pacific coast from Cojo Canyon east of Point Conception, past Arroyo Hondo and Tajiguas Canyon, to Refugio Canyon, and encompassed much of the Gaviota Coast. The first European visitors to California were Spanish maritime explorers led by Juan Rodríguez", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7733392", "score": "1.137718", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mission Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe", "text": "Americans were forced into Christianity. They rebelled against the Spanish a few years later. Mission Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe By 1659 Piro Indians had begun settling in the area of Paso del Norte. The Mission Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe was established by Fray García for them. This mission became the southernmost of the New Mexico chain of missions along El Camino Real from Mexico City to Santa Fe. The original structure remains as a side chapel of the Cathedral of Juarez. The Piro settlement formed the core of the original Ciudad del El Paso del Norte, which later became La", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9968658", "score": "1.1330379", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Maria Soledad Torres y Acosta", "text": "assumed the religious name of \"María Soledad\". Martínez in 1856 took with him six of the twelve religious to the missions at Fernando Pó which left Torres as the superior of the order and the sole remaining member of the original group. The remaining religious soon removed her from this office which left the group disorganized and such was the chaos that the local bishop even threatened to dissolve it. The bishop examined Torres and the circumstances of her removal before deciding to re-appoint her as the superior. Torres managed to continue her work with the help of her spiritual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3889143", "score": "1.1250753", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles", "text": "was founded on August 18, 1814, by Franciscan Fray Luis Gil y Taboada. He placed the cornerstone for the new church in the adobe ruins of the original \"sub-station mission\" here, the \"Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia\" (founded 1784), thirty years after it was established to serve the settlement founding \"Los Angeles Pobladores\" (original settlers). The completed new structure was dedicated on December 8, 1822. A replacement chapel, named \"La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles\" – for Mary, mother of Jesus or \"The Church of Our Lady of the Angels\" – was rebuilt using materials of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9163795", "score": "1.1230214", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Chalon people", "text": "also known as Mission Indians. At Mission Soledad many Chalon married local Esselen speakers, while others married Yokuts who were brought into the mission between 1806 and 1834. The Soledad mission was discontinued by the Mexican Government in 1835 during the period of secularization, at which time the survivors scattered. Most went to work on the farms and ranches of west-central California, while many with Yokuts ancestry moved east into the San Joaquin Valley. The term \"Chalon\" was documented by the Franciscan priests in their Mission Soledad ecclesiastical records. The term definitely applied to a region, since individuals were baptized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7158687", "score": "1.1193054", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Mexican secularization act of 1833", "text": "32 building looted, church in ruin. President Buchanan, in 1859, returned Mission Santa Cruz and 17 acres the Church. Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad land sold, over time the all buildings turned to ruins. In 1859 the buildings ruins and 42 acres of land returned to the Church. Restoring did not start till 1954. Mission San José was sold to private interests in 1845 for $12,000. All buildings decay and the land not put to use. Native people, who were to get the land, fled and found themselves unable to readjust to their former way of life. In 1858", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18922044", "score": "1.1191653", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles", "text": "later by Fermín de Francisco Lasuén established twenty-one missions between present-day San Diego and Sonoma, six of which were located in the present-day territory of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. In response to the 1781 establishment of the Pueblo de Los Angeles, in 1784 priests from Mission San Gabriel Arcángel set out for the pueblo and established the Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles Asistencia as a sub-mission. The \"asistencia\" fell into disrepair after being abandoned several years later, and La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles was built on the site in 1814; the church remained the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2185789", "score": "1.1158235", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "pour point" ]

[ { "title": "Space tribology", "text": "oils for lubricating grease. Since the rate of evaporation increases with temperature, the use of liquid lubricants is often limited to temperatures below 100 °C. On the other side of the spectrum, the viscosity of liquid lubricants increases with decreasing temperature; i.e., the lower the temperature, the more viscous the lubricant (see also viscosity index). Thus, the use of liquid lubricants is limited to temperatures of around -40 °C. Solid lubricants are used for applications with extreme temperature or where evaporation of lubricants would cause damage to sensitive instruments. Solid lubricants are applied in the form of coatings, or through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14624398", "score": "1.0913973", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Viscosity index", "text": "apart to achieve \"fluid bearing\" conditions is desired. If the lubricant is too viscous, it will require a large amount of energy to move (as in honey); if it is too thin, the surfaces will come in contact and friction will increase. Many lubricant applications require the lubricant to perform across a wide range of conditions, for example, automotive lubricants are required to reduce friction between engine components when the engine is started from cold (relative to the engine's operating temperatures) up to when it is running. The best oils with the highest VI will remain stable and not vary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5509807", "score": "1.0762845", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Dry lubricant", "text": "°F). The low-friction characteristics of most dry lubricants are attributed to a layered structure on the molecular level with weak bonding between layers. Such layers are able to slide relative to each other with minimal applied force, thus giving them their low friction properties. However, a layered crystal structure alone is not necessarily sufficient for lubrication. In fact, there are some solids with non-lamellar structures that function well as dry lubricants in some applications. These include certain soft metals (indium, lead, silver, tin), polytetrafluroethylene, some solid oxides, rare-earth fluorides, and even diamond. Limited interest has been shown in low friction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11367446", "score": "1.0540746", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Dry lubricant", "text": "Dry lubricant Dry lubricants or solid lubricants are materials that, despite being in the solid phase, are able to reduce friction between two surfaces sliding against each other without the need for a liquid oil medium. The two main dry lubricants are graphite and molybdenum disulfide. They offer lubrication at temperatures higher than liquid and oil-based lubricants operate. Dry lubricants are often used in applications such as locks or dry lubricated bearings. Such materials can operate up to 350 °C (662 °F) in oxidizing environments and even higher in reducing / non-oxidizing environments (molybdenum disulfide up to 1100 °C, 2012", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11367445", "score": "1.0381747", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Lubricant", "text": "in special greases. Under extreme pressures, PTFE powder or solids is of little value as it is soft and flows away from the area of contact. Ceramic or metal or alloy lubricants must be used then. Inorganic solids: Graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are examples of solid lubricants. Some retain their lubricity to very high temperatures. The use of some such materials is sometimes restricted by their poor resistance to oxidation (e.g., molybdenum disulfide degrades above 350 °C in air, but 1100 °C in reducing environments. Metal/alloy: Metal alloys, composites and pure metals can be used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "248402", "score": "1.0223567", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Lubricant", "text": "Lubricant A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. In addition to industrial applications, lubricants are used for many other purposes. Other uses include cooking (oils and fats in use in frying pans, in baking to prevent food sticking), bioapplications on humans (e.g. lubricants for artificial joints), ultrasound examination, medical examination. Lubicants have been in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "248396", "score": "1.0194972", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Lubrication", "text": "Lubrication Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction and/or wear in a contact between two surfaces. The study of lubrication is a discipline in the field of tribology. Lubricants can be solids (such as Molybdenum disulfide MoS), solid/liquid dispersions (such as grease), liquids (such as oil or water), liquid-liquid dispersions or gases. Fluid-lubricated systems are designed so that the applied load is partially or completely carried by hydrodynamic or hydrostatic pressure, which reduces solid body interactions (and consequently friction and wear). Depending on the degree of surface separation, different lubrication regimes can be distinguished.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2078474", "score": "1.0190433", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Ball bearing", "text": "lubricant is based on elastohydrodynamic effect (by oil or grease) but working at extreme temperatures dry lubricated bearings are also available. For a bearing to have its nominal lifespan at its nominal maximum load, it must be lubricated with a lubricant (oil or grease) that has at least the minimum dynamic viscosity (usually denoted with the Greek letter formula_1) recommended for that bearing. The recommended dynamic viscosity is inversely proportional to diameter of bearing. The recommended dynamic viscosity decreases with rotating frequency. As a rough indication: for less than , recommended viscosity increases with factor 6 for a factor 10", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1616953", "score": "1.0176866", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Lubricity", "text": "Lubricity Lubricity is the measure of the reduction in friction and or wear by a lubricant. The study of lubrication and wear mechanisms is called tribology. The lubricity of a substance is not a material property, and cannot be measured directly. Tests are performed to quantify a lubricant's performance for a specific system. This is often done by determining how much wear is caused to a surface by a given wear-inducing object in a given amount of time. Other factors such as surface size, temperature, and pressure are also specified. For two fluids with the same viscosity, the one that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960159", "score": "1.0123596", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Pour point", "text": "The pour point of a liquid is the temperature at which it becomes semi solid and loses its flow characteristics. In crude oil a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content, typically found in crude deriving from a larger proportion of plant material. That type of crude oil is mainly derived from a kerogen Type III.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Internal combustion engine", "text": "helps to move heat from the hot engine parts to the cooling liquid (in water-cooled engines) or fins (in air-cooled engines) which then transfer it to the environment. The lubricant must be designed to be chemically stable and maintain suitable viscosities within the temperature range it encounters in the engine. Common cylinder configurations include the straight or inline configuration, the more compact V configuration, and the wider but smoother flat or boxer configuration. Aircraft engines can also adopt a radial configuration, which allows more effective cooling. More unusual configurations such as the H, U, X, and W have also been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17707563", "score": "1.0066113", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Personal lubricant", "text": "Personal lubricant Personal lubricants (colloquially termed lube) are specialized lubricants used during human sexual acts such as intercourse and masturbation to reduce friction to or between the penis and vagina, anus or other body parts or applied to sex toys to reduce friction or to ease penetration. Surgical or medical lubricants or gels, which are similar to personal lubricants but not usually referred to or labelled as \"personal\" lubricants, may be used for medical purposes such as speculum insertion or introduction of a catheter. The primary difference between personal and surgical lubricants is that surgical lubricants are thicker, sterile gels,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2924887", "score": "1.0050031", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Lubricant", "text": "as well as to cool when a regulated temperature is required. This circulating flow also determines the amount of heat that is carried away in any given unit of time. High flow systems can carry away a lot of heat and have the additional benefit of reducing the thermal stress on the lubricant. Thus lower cost liquid lubricants may be used. The primary drawback is that high flows typically require larger sumps and bigger cooling units. A secondary drawback is that a high flow system that relies on the flow rate to protect the lubricant from thermal stress is susceptible", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "248409", "score": "1.0039027", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Friction", "text": "or an ideal fluid which offers no resistance to shearing and so is not viscous. Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a fluid separates two solid surfaces. Lubrication is a technique employed to reduce wear of one or both surfaces in close proximity moving relative to each another by interposing a substance called a lubricant between the surfaces. In most cases the applied load is carried by pressure generated within the fluid due to the frictional viscous resistance to motion of the lubricating fluid between the surfaces. Adequate lubrication allows smooth continuous operation of equipment, with only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "140219", "score": "1.0037998", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Lubricant", "text": "term \"mineral oil\" is used to refer to lubricating base oils derived from crude oil. The American Petroleum Institute (API) designates several types of lubricant base oil: The lubricant industry commonly extends this group terminology to include: Can also be classified into three categories depending on the prevailing compositions: Petroleum-derived lubricant can also be produced using synthetic hydrocarbons (derived ultimately from petroleum). These include: PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is typically used as a coating layer on, for example, cooking utensils to provide a non-stick surface. Its usable temperature range up to 350 °C and chemical inertness make it a useful additive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "248401", "score": "1.0030333", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Components of jet engines", "text": "to keep the oil and oil wetted components clean. The lubricant is isolated from the external parts of the engine through various sealing mechanisms, which also prevent dirt and other foreign objects from contaminating the oil and from reaching the bearings, gears, and other moving parts, and typically flows in a loop (is not intentionally consumed through engine usage). The lubricant must be able to flow easily at relatively low temperatures and not disintegrate or break down at very high temperatures. Usually the lubrication system has subsystems that deal individually with the lubrication supply system of an engine, scavenging (oil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12928048", "score": "1.0028529", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Warming lubricant", "text": "Warming lubricant Warming lubricant is a personal lubricant with the warming effect created due to added ingredients. The warming thermoception is achieved on the contact with skin or by natural body moisture. The main ingredient of the majority of warming lubricants is glycerol, a viscous sugar alcohol. Some of them include capsaicin, the active component of chili peppers. Other ingredients are: propylene glycol, alcohol, herbal extracts, and even some vitamins. Natural and artificial flavors are used for manufacturing flavored and edible warming lubricants. Warming lubricants can be water-based or honey-based. Water-based lubricants are applied for vaginal or anal intercourse or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9486429", "score": "0.99615055", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Friction", "text": "friction is by using a lubricant, such as oil, water, or grease, which is placed between the two surfaces, often dramatically lessening the coefficient of friction. The science of friction and lubrication is called tribology. Lubricant technology is when lubricants are mixed with the application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives. Superlubricity, a recently discovered effect, has been observed in graphite: it is the substantial decrease of friction between two sliding objects, approaching zero levels. A very small amount of frictional energy would still be dissipated. Lubricants to overcome friction need not always be thin, turbulent fluids or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "140228", "score": "0.9902151", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lubricant", "text": "plumbing, air cushion and others. Dry lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulphide and tungsten disulphide also offer lubrication at temperatures (up to 350 °C) higher than liquid and oil-based lubricants are able to operate. Limited interest has been shown in low friction properties of compacted oxide glaze layers formed at several hundred degrees Celsius in metallic sliding systems, however, practical use is still many years away due to their physically unstable nature. A large number of additives are used to impart performance characteristics to the lubricants. Modern automotive lubricants contain as many as ten additives, comprising up to 20% of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "248399", "score": "0.98869336", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Motor oil", "text": "can be thought of as its \"thickness\" or a measure of its resistance to flow. The viscosity must be high enough to maintain a lubricating film, but low enough that the oil can flow around the engine parts under all conditions. The viscosity index is a measure of how much the oil's viscosity changes as temperature changes. A higher viscosity index indicates the viscosity changes less with temperature than a lower viscosity index. Motor oil must be able to flow adequately at the lowest temperature it is expected to experience in order to minimize metal to metal contact between moving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1703046", "score": "0.9861188", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Motor oil", "text": "the oil passes at, that oil is graded as SAE viscosity grade 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, or 25W. The lower the viscosity grade, the lower the temperature the oil can pass. For example, if an oil passes at the specifications for 10W and 5W, but fails for 0W, then that oil must be labeled as an SAE 5W. That oil cannot be labeled as either 0W or 10W. For single non-winter grade oils, the kinematic viscosity is measured at a temperature of 100 °C (212 °F) in units of mm/s (millimeter squared per second) or the equivalent older non-SI", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1703055", "score": "0.9830013", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Viscosity index", "text": "\"L\" and \"H\" are values based on the oil's kinematic viscosity at . \"L\" and \"H\" are the values of viscosity at 40°C for oils of VI 0 and 100 respectively, having the same viscosity at 100°C as the oil whose VI we are trying to determine. These \"L\" and \"H\" values can be found in ASTM D2270. Viscosity index The viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary, unitless measure of the change of viscosity with temperature, mostly used to characterize the viscosity-temperature behavior of lubricating oils. The lower the VI, the more the viscosity is affected by changes in temperature.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5509810", "score": "0.9829838", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Viscosity index", "text": "Viscosity index The viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary, unitless measure of the change of viscosity with temperature, mostly used to characterize the viscosity-temperature behavior of lubricating oils. The lower the VI, the more the viscosity is affected by changes in temperature. The VI was originally measured on a scale from 0 to 100; however, advancements in lubrication science have led to the development of oils with much higher VIs. The viscosity of a lubricant is closely related to its ability to reduce friction in solid body contacts. Generally, the least viscous lubricant which still forces the two moving surfaces", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5509806", "score": "0.9827436", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Dry lubricant", "text": "room temperature to form a solid lubricant. Pastes are grease-like lubricants containing a high percentage of solid lubricants used for assembly and lubrication of highly loaded, slow-moving parts. Black pastes generally contain MoS. For high temperatures above 500 °C, pastes are composed on the basis of metal powders to protect metal parts from oxidation necessary to facilitate disassembly of threaded connections and other assemblies. Dry-powder tumbling is an effective application method. The bonding can be improved by prior phosphating of the substrate. Use of free powders has its limitations, since adhesion of the solid particles to the substrate is usually", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11367453", "score": "0.98129225", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dry lubricant", "text": "properties of compacted oxide glaze layers formed at several hundred degrees Celsius in metallic sliding systems. However, practical use is still many years away due to their physically unstable nature. The four most commonly used solid lubricants are: Graphite and molybdenum disulfide are the predominant materials used as dry lubricants. The lubricity of many solids is attributable to a lamellar structure. The lamellae orient parallel to the surface in the direction of motion and slide easily over each other resulting in low friction and preventing contact between sliding components even under high loads. Large particles perform best on rough surfaces", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11367447", "score": "0.9809646", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Lubrication", "text": "Adequate lubrication allows smooth, continuous operation of machine elements, reduces the rate of wear, and prevents excessive stresses or seizures at bearings. When lubrication breaks down, components can rub destructively against each other, causing heat, local welding, destructive damage and failure. As the load increases on the contacting surfaces, three distinct situations can be observed with respect to the mode of lubrication, which are called lubrication regimes: Besides supporting the load the lubricant may have to perform other functions as well, for instance it may cool the contact areas and remove wear products. While carrying out these functions the lubricant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2078475", "score": "0.98021984", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Tribology", "text": "that is characterized by viscosity, such as air and water. Of course, some lubricants are more suitable than others, depending on the type of use they are intended for: air and water, for example, are readily available, but the former can only be used under limited load and speed conditions, while the second it can contribute to the wear of materials. What we try to achieve by means of these materials is a perfect fluid lubrication, or a lubrication such that it is possible to avoid direct contact between the surfaces in question, inserting a lubricant film between them. To", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2710055", "score": "0.9790546", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Motor oil", "text": "(TAN) is the measure of a lubricant's acidity. Other tests include zinc, phosphorus, or sulfur content, and testing for excessive foaming. The Noack volatility test (ASTM D-5800) determines the physical evaporation loss of lubricants in high temperature service. A maximum of 14% evaporation loss is allowable to meet API SL and ILSAC GF-3 specifications. Some automotive OEM oil specifications require lower than 10%. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established a numerical code system for grading motor oils according to their viscosity characteristics. The original viscosity grades were all mono-grades, e.g. a typical engine oil was a SAE 30.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1703049", "score": "0.97772634", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Lubricity", "text": "does not have biodiesel added has a lower lubricity and requires \"lubricity improving additives\" to prevent excessive engine wear. Lubricity Lubricity is the measure of the reduction in friction and or wear by a lubricant. The study of lubrication and wear mechanisms is called tribology. The lubricity of a substance is not a material property, and cannot be measured directly. Tests are performed to quantify a lubricant's performance for a specific system. This is often done by determining how much wear is caused to a surface by a given wear-inducing object in a given amount of time. Other factors such", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960161", "score": "0.97631323", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Oil pressure", "text": "shutdown. The oil pressure, combined with the rotation of the shaft, also hydrodynamically centers the journal in its shell and cools the bearings. Such a bearing is known as a fluid bearing. Oil pressure is higher when the engine is cold due to the increased viscosity of the oil, and also increases with engine speed until the relief valve in the oil pump opens to divert excess flow. Oil pressure is lowest under hot idling conditions, and the minimum pressure allowed by the manufacturer's tolerances is usually given at this point. Excessive oil pressure may indicate a blocked filter, blocked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8510982", "score": "0.97569", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "1981", "81" ]

[ { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "told Enrile on the phone, \"Make it look good. \"Kailangan siguro ay may masaktan o kung mayroon mapatay ay mas mabuti.\" [Maybe it would be better if someone got hurt or killed.] \"O, hala, sige,\" Johnny, and be sure the story catches the \"Big News\" or \"Newswatch\" and call me as soon as it is over.\" The government captured NPA leaders Bernabe Buscayno in 1976 and Jose Maria Sison in 1977. The Washington Post in an interview with former Philippine Communist Party Officials, revealed that, \"they (local communist party officials) wound up languishing in China for 10 years as unwilling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577352", "score": "1.181993", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Bamboo in the Wind", "text": "and a Jesuit academic – to prevent the fall of the Philippines under martial rule. But the political plague accompanied by demonstrations, demolitions, murders, burnings, arrests and tortures continued unhindered until Martial Law was officially declared in the month of September. Larry Esteva, coming home from studies in Boston, witnesses at the airport a riotous demonstration that is forcibly dispersed by the military. The end of his journey turns out to be the beginning of an odyssey in his beloved city where he finds \"an insidious lawlessness creeping upon the land.\" Set in Manila in the last beleaguered months before", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14375586", "score": "1.1636262", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Martial law", "text": "money laundering issue was brought back recently, particularly in the \"PiliPinas Debates 2016\" for the recently held Philippine Presidential Elections on May 9, 2016. Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Marcos, Jr., Marcos' son, ran for the Vice Presidency and lost. There were rumours that President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was planning to impose martial law to end military \"coup d'etat\" plots, general civilian dissatisfaction, and criticism of her legitimacy arising from the dubious results of the 2004 presidential elections. Instead, a State of National Emergency was imposed in 2006 from 24 February to 3 March, in order to quash a coup attempt and quell protesters.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "609416", "score": "1.1485671", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "the Marcos government. After martial law was declared, critics of the government were arrested, led by then Senators Benigno Aquino Jr. and Ramon Diokno, and Manila journalists—Manila Times publisher Chino Roces and columnist, Max Soliven; Manila Chronicle publisher Eugenio Lopez Jr. and his editor Amando Doronila; Philippines Free publisher-editor Teddy Boy Locsin and his staff writer, Napoleon Rama; and Press Foundation of Asia joint executive Juan L. Mercado. Many of those who were arrested were later freed without charges, but Benigno Aquino Jr. was charged and convicted guilty along with his two co-accused, NPA leaders Bernabe Buscayno (Commander Dante) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577348", "score": "1.1387874", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "and a coup d’etat, then declare martial law or suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus – and arrest all including the legal cadres. Right now I am inclined towards the latter.\" At the height of armed communist insurgency in the Philippines, Philippine Military Academy instructor Lt. Victor Corpuz led New People's Army rebels in a raid on the PMA armory, capturing rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers, a bazooka and thousands of rounds of ammunition in 1970. In 1972, China, which was then actively supporting and arming communist insurgencies in Asia as part of Mao Zedong's People's War", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577334", "score": "1.1231505", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos", "text": "For most of the Philippines, therefore, martial law was thus properly implemented when it was announced on the evening of September 23, 1972. The implementation of martial law began sometime before midnight on September 22, with the arrest of Benigno Aquino Jr.. By dawn of the following day, 1973, many of the 400 individuals listed on the Military's priority arrest list - journalists, members of the political opposition, constitutional convention delegates, outspoken lawyers, teachers, and students - had been detained. Media outlets were shuttered, although those linked with Marcos crony Roberto Benedicto were allowed to reopen within the day. Soon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20734870", "score": "1.1201959", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "Northern Philippines in infiltrating the demonstration in Manila and inflicting harm on the protesters, and how he showed to the UP professors that the Collegian was carrying the communist party articles and that he was disappointed in the faculty of his alma mater for becoming a spawning ground of communism. He also added that he asked Ernesto Rufino, Vicente Rufino and Carlos Palanca to withdraw advertisements from the Manila Times which was openly supporting revolution and the communist cause, and they agreed to do so. Rumors of coup d’etat were also brewing. A report of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577330", "score": "1.1069996", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "from Muslim Maranao vaults during the war. Numerous reports of Maranao peoples being harassed, electrocuted, punched, and pointed on with guns also surfaced. Many of the victims have climbed to the mountains in fear of military or police retaliation after the expose. Martial law in the Philippines Martial law in the Philippines () refers to several intermittent periods in Philippine history wherein the Philippine head of state (such as the President) places an area under the control of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and its predecessor bodies. Martial law is declared either when there is near-violent civil unrest or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577359", "score": "1.1003366", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "coup d’etat which the opposition liberal party was spreading. While the report obtained by the NY Times speculated saying that story could be used by Marcos to justify Martial Law, as early as December 1969 in a message from the U.S. Ambassador to the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State, the U.S. Ambassador said that most of the talk about revolution and even assassination has been coming from the defeated opposition, of which Adevoso (of the Liberal Party) is a leading activist. He also said that the information he has on the assassination plans are 'hard' or well-sourced and he has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577332", "score": "1.0945385", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of the Philippines (1965–86)", "text": "The history of the Philippines, from 1965–1986, covers the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, also known as Ferdinand Marcos Administration. The Marcos era includes the final years of the Third Republic (1965–72), the Philippines under martial law (1972–81), and the majority of the Fourth Republic (1981–86).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of the Philippines (1965–86)", "text": "the immediate reaction of some sectors of the nation was of astonishment and dismay, for even if everyone knew that the gravity of the disorder, lawlessness, social injustice, youth and student activism and other disturbing movements had reached a point of peril, they felt that martial law over the whole country was not yet warranted. Worse, political motivations were ascribed to be behind the proclamation, since the then constitutionally non-extendable term of President Marcos was about to expire. This suspicion became more credible when opposition leaders and outspoken anti-administration media people were immediately placed under indefinite detention in military camps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8207878", "score": "1.0916177", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Martial law", "text": "of martial law was initially well received, but it eventually proved unpopular as the military's human rights abuses (e.g. use of torture in intelligence gathering, forced disappearances), along with the decadence and excess of the Marcos family and their allies, had emerged. Coupled with economic downturns, these factors fermented dissent in various sectors (e.g. the urban middle class) that crystallised with the assassination of jailed oppositionist senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. in 1983, and widespread fraud in the 1986 snap elections. These eventually led to the 1986 People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos and forced him into exile in Hawaii where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "609414", "score": "1.0904994", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jovito Salonga", "text": "He topped the senatorial race for the second time. He returned to the political arena and embarked on a successful law career. He protested martial law and was unjustly arrested. After his release from military custody, he was offered a visiting scholarship at Yale, where he engaged in the revision of his book on international law. He completed his book on the Marcos years, which included a program for a new democratic Philippines. The imposition of martial law in September 1972 was the catalyst that radicalized hundreds of oppositionists and the pretext to arrest and imprison many of them, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3897708", "score": "1.0901842", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of the Philippines (1965–86)", "text": "dictatorship with Marcos as its Supreme Leader. Initially, the declaration of martial law was well received, given the social turmoil of the period. Crime rates decreased significantly after a curfew was implemented. Political opponents were given the opportunity to go into exile. As martial law went on for the next nine years, the excesses committed by the military increased. In total, there were 3,257 extrajudicial killings, 35,000 individual tortures, and 70,000 were incarcerated. It is also reported that 737 Filipinos disappeared between 1975 and 1985. Though it was made clear that Martial law was no military take-over of the government,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8207877", "score": "1.0887148", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "Martial law in the Philippines Martial law in the Philippines () refers to several intermittent periods in Philippine history wherein the Philippine head of state (such as the President) places an area under the control of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and its predecessor bodies. Martial law is declared either when there is near-violent civil unrest or in cases of major natural disasters, however most countries use a different legal construct like \"state of emergency\". Typically, the imposition of martial law accompanies curfews, the suspension of civil law, civil rights, habeas corpus, and the application or extension of military", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577318", "score": "1.0868156", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos", "text": "liberty. The President indicated that... we would not support anyone who was trying to set himself up as military dictator, but we would do everything we can to back a man who was trying to make the system work and to preserve order. Of course, we understood that Marcos would not be entirely motivated by national interests, but this was something which we had come to expect from Asian leaders.\"\" Marcos informed the US Ambassador to the Philippines about his intent to declare Martial Law plan as early as 17 September 1972, just a few days before Martial Law was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20734859", "score": "1.085547", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos", "text": "basically ended by 1954. Throughout the 60s, the remnants of the PKP pursued \"\"a course of peaceful action\"\" while working to rebuild their organisation, but, this was later challenged by a youth-based Maoist group within the organization created by University Professor Jose Maria Sison, who joined the PKP in 1962. Clashing with the PKP party leaders' view that armed struggle was an exercise in futility, Sison and his group were expelled from the PKP in 1967, and on December 26, 1968 founded the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) along Maoist lines. While the PKP sought to marginalize this new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20734863", "score": "1.079947", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Economy of the Philippines", "text": "culminating in the First Quarter Storm, where activists stormed Malacañang Palace only to be turned back by the Philippine Constabulary. This event in particular left four people dead and many injured after heavy exchanges of gunfire. There was further unrest, and in the middle of the disorder on 21 September 1972, Marcos issued Proclamation No. 1081, effectively installing martial law in the Philippines, a declaration that suspended civil rights and imposed military rule in the country. The GDP of the Philippines rose during the martial law, rising from P55 million to P193 million in about 8 years. This growth was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "315953", "score": "1.0784631", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "and the US and Great Britain. This took effect on September 23, 1944. Around 1970, student activism had intensified and many student activists joined communist movements. Kabataang Makabayan (Patriotic Youth, or 'KM') a political organization founded by José María Sison intended to be a nationwide extension of the Student Cultural Association of the University of the Philippines, carried out study sessions on Marxism–Leninism and intensified the deployment of urban activists in rural areas to prepare for People's war. The line between leftist activists and communists became increasingly blurred, as a significant number of KM advanced activists joined the party of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577326", "score": "1.078105", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos", "text": "after, congress was abolished, mass activities were prohibited, political parties were outlawed, a curfew was put in place, and civil and political rights were suspended. The first wave of arrests under Marcos' declaration of martial law began with the arrest of Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. late in the evening of September 22, during a late meeting of the joint congressional committee on tariff reforms at the Manila Hilton hotel. Aquino was one of Marcos' most prominent critics, and who had exposed the plan to proclaim martial law in a speech in the Philippine Senate the week before. Juan Ponce Enrile", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20734871", "score": "1.0771972", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Student Movement in the Philippines (1965–1972)", "text": "the bases of these demands. In rally after rally attended by as many as 50,000 people, the MCCCL warned of the imminence of martial law even as \"the writ of habeas corpus\" was eventually restored. It held the biggest demonstration on September 21, 1972...” On September 27, 1972, Marcos declared Martial Law. Gregg Jones, an American author, writes, \"Martial law left the once-formidable legal protest movement in disarray, its leaders in hiding or in prison, its activists driven into the underground or cowering in fear.\" This is not to say that political protest vanished entirely, however; as he elaborates, \"In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19848602", "score": "1.0745642", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "to be pursuant to the 1987 Constitution, which provides for a maximum 60 day-state of martial law without Congress approval for extension, the continuation of government functions, and the safeguard of individual freedoms. However, President Duterte insisted that it will not be any different from martial law under President Marcos. While the declaration does not currently affect citizens and government units in Luzon or the Visayas, President Duterte suggested that he might extend martial law to the entire country if needed to \"protect the people.\" The imposition of martial rule has been generally peaceful in Davao City and other major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577356", "score": "1.0740256", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "Doctrine, transported 1,200 M-14 and AK-47 rifles for the NPA to speed up NPA's campaign to defeat the government. Prior to the 1975, the Philippine government maintained a close relationship with the Kuomintang-ruled Chinese government which fled to Taiwan (Republic of China), despite the Chinese Communist Victory in 1949, and saw Communist China (People's Republic of China) as a security threat due to China's financial and military support of Communist rebels in the country. In a speech in February 2017 at the Methodist Protestants’ Cosmopolitan Church in Manila, Enrile said: “The most significant event that made President Marcos decide to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577335", "score": "1.0723286", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Fred Ruiz Castro", "text": "of Marcos critic Benigno Aquino, Jr., he said, in a concurring opinion, that the declaration of Martial Law automatically suspends the application of the said writ, thus effectively depriving the former senator of such privilege. In a speech to the 8th World Peace Through Law Conference held in Manila, Castro proclaimed: \"“Martial law is known to the west as the drastic solution to a violent situation... In the Philippines, this primary purpose remains, but it has been enlarged to embrace also the extirpation of the ills and conditions which spawned the riot, the anarchy and the rebellion!”\" Fred Ruiz Castro", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9844475", "score": "1.0705416", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Habeas corpus in the Philippines", "text": "of August 21. Many considered this to be a prelude to Martial Law. After widespread protests, however, the Marcos administration decided to reintroduce the writ. In December 2009 under Arroyo Administration, \"habeas corpus\" was suspended in Maguindanao as the province was placed under martial law. This occurred in response to the Maguindanao massacre. According to the Section 13 of the 1987 Constitution \"All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19044001", "score": "1.0704137", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "to make sure that it reached President Marcos. In light of the crisis, Marcos wrote an entry in his diary in January 1970: \"I have several options. One of them is to abort the subversive plan now by the sudden arrest of the plotters. But this would not be accepted by the people. Nor could we get the Huks (Communists), their legal cadres and support. Nor the MIM (Maoist International Movement) and other subversive [or front] organizations, nor those underground. We could allow the situation to develop naturally then after massive terrorism, wanton killings and an attempt at my assassination", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577333", "score": "1.0679457", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "cities in Mindanao, except Lanao del Sur and Lumad communities in the eastern and southern provinces. Lumads, or the non-Muslim indigenous peoples of Mindanao, have been vocally against the imposition of martial rule due to the past experience of martial law during the Marcos dictatorship. After 3 months since the imposition of martial rule, numerous human rights violations were recorded by independent human rights organizations. Among these violations caused by the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police were the bombing of Lumad schools, the food blockade against Lumad communities which forced Lumads to go hungry and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577357", "score": "1.0677689", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Martial law in the Philippines", "text": "Fidel Ramos. In total, there were 3,257 extrajudicial killings, 35,000 individual tortures, and 70,000 were incarcerated. Of the 3,257 killed, some 2,520, or 77 percent of all victims, were salvaged—that is, tortured, mutilated, and dumped on a roadside for public display. It is also reported that 737 Filipinos disappeared between 1975 and 1985. The Civilian Home Defense Force, a precursor of Civilian Armed Forces Geographical Unit (CAFGU), was organized by President Marcos to battle with the communist and Islamic insurgency problem, has particularly been accused of notoriously inflicting human right violations on leftists, the NPA, Muslim insurgents, and rebels against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577347", "score": "1.0673141", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Eugenio Lopez Sr.", "text": "the Harvard Business School, but several months later was compelled by President Ferdinand Marcos to sign over his shares in MERALCO, was stripped of his holdings and forced into exile. In September 1972, President Marcos declared martial law in the Philippines, which began a period of dictatorship that lasted in the 1986 People Power Revolution and that was characterized by crony capitalism. His eldest child and heir apparent, Eugenio Lopez Jr., or Geny, was jailed on charges of conspiring to assassinate Ferdinand Marcos. This was carried out by Marcos in order for Don Ening, who was at that time was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14585478", "score": "1.067312", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Abdullah Makapaar", "text": "many other Filipinos who experienced life under Martial Law, engage in the ILAGA war against Moro. Abdullah Makapaar never completed his education. At that time the Philippines was under Martial Law and engaged in the ILAGA war against Moro. As a teenager, he enjoyed riding motorbikes. Once, his family had a motorbike and his mother named it \"Bai Iba,\" which was very upsetting to her other sons, Hon, Abdulrahman and Lieutenant Tagoranao, because they believed their brother \"Orak\" (now Commander Bravo) was too young to ride on the motorbike. Hence, Hon. Abdulrahman immediately sold the motorbike. During Martial Law the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15697642", "score": "1.0660721", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "a liquid outer core", "an outer silicate solid crust", "a highly viscous mantle", "a solid inner core" ]

[ { "title": "Pedosphere", "text": "Pedosphere The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον \"pedon\" \"soil\" or \"earth\" and σφαῖρα \"sphaira\" \"sphere\") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life on Earth. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4143255", "score": "0.95531434", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Geosphere", "text": "referred to as the \"geopause,\" to suggest the relative scarcity of such matter beyond it, where the solar wind dominates. Geosphere There are several conflicting definitions for geosphere. The geosphere may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. In Aristotelian physics, the term was applied to four spherical \"natural places\", concentrically nested around the center of the Earth, as described in the lectures \"Physica\" and \"Meteorologica\". They were believed to explain the motions of the four \"terrestrial elements:\" \"Earth\", \"Water\", \"Air\" and \"Fire\". In modern texts and in Earth system science,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2364349", "score": "0.95262814", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Structure of the Earth", "text": "the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The geologic component layers of Earth are at the following depths below the surface: The layering of Earth has been inferred indirectly using the time of travel of refracted and reflected seismic waves created by earthquakes. The core does not allow shear waves to pass through it, while the speed of travel (seismic velocity) is different in other layers. The changes in seismic velocity between different layers causes refraction owing to Snell's law, like light bending as it passes through a prism. Likewise, reflections are caused by a large", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4463724", "score": "0.95171607", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Four corners of the world", "text": "Four corners of the world Several cosmological and mythological systems portray four corners of the world or four quarters of the world corresponding approximately to the four points of the compass (or the two solstices and two equinoxes). At the center may lie a sacred mountain, garden, world tree, or other beginning-point of creation. Often four rivers run to the four corners of the world, and water or irrigate the four quadrants of the Earth. In Christianity and Judaism, the Old Testament () identifies the Garden of Eden, and the four rivers as the Tigris, Euphrates, Pishon, and Gihon. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9332863", "score": "0.9461492", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Four Seas", "text": "Four Seas The Four Seas () were four bodies of water that metaphorically made up the boundaries of ancient China. There is a sea for each for the four cardinal directions. The West Sea is Qinghai Lake, the East Sea is the East China Sea, the North Sea is Lake Baikal, and the South Sea is the South China Sea. Two of the seas were symbolic until they were tied to genuine locations during the Han Dynasty's wars with the Xiongnu. The lands \"within the Four Seas\", a literary name for China, are alluded to in Chinese literature and poetry.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17725755", "score": "0.94605315", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Koreshanity", "text": "center. Inside the earth there are three separate atmospheres: the first composed of oxygen and nitrogen and closest to the earth; the second, a hydrogen atmosphere above it; the third, an aboron (sic) atmosphere at the center. The earth's shell is one hundred miles thick and has seventeen layers. The outer seven are metallic with a gold rind on the outermost layer, the middle five are mineral and the five inward are geologic strata. Inside the shell there is life, outside a void. Teed proposed the creation of a \"New Jerusalem\" as an ideal commune for his followers, to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4668007", "score": "0.944939", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Natural environment", "text": "cryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere, as well as the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere. Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geographical sciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the principal areas or \"spheres\" of Earth. The Earth's crust, or lithosphere, is the outermost solid surface of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2886328", "score": "0.94475853", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Geosphere", "text": "Geosphere There are several conflicting definitions for geosphere. The geosphere may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. In Aristotelian physics, the term was applied to four spherical \"natural places\", concentrically nested around the center of the Earth, as described in the lectures \"Physica\" and \"Meteorologica\". They were believed to explain the motions of the four \"terrestrial elements:\" \"Earth\", \"Water\", \"Air\" and \"Fire\". In modern texts and in Earth system science, geosphere refers to the solid parts of the Earth; it is used along with atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere to describe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2364347", "score": "0.94224334", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Chthonic", "text": "connecting two horizontally stacked décollements and thus \"under the earth\". Chthonic Chthonic (, ; from , \"in, under, or beneath the earth\", from \"earth\") literally means \"subterranean\", but the word in English describes deities or spirits of the underworld, especially in Ancient Greek religion. The Greek word is one of several for \"earth\"; it typically refers to that which is under the earth, rather than the living surface of the land (as \"Gaia\" or \"Ge\" does), or the land as territory (as does). Chthonic, a form of \"khthonie\" and \"khthonios\", has a precise meaning in Greek; it refers primarily to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2573411", "score": "0.9393558", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Structure of the Earth", "text": "The interior structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells: an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of the Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the Earth, measurements of the gravitational and magnetic fields of the Earth, and experiments with crystalline solids at pressures and", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Earth (classical element)", "text": "as 白虎 (\"Bái Hǔ\") in Chinese, \"Byakko\" in Japanese, \"Bạch Hổ\" in Vietnamese and \"Baekho\" (백호, Hanja:白虎) in Korean. \"Earth\" is represented in the Aztec religion by a house; to the Hindus, a lotus; to the Scythians, a plough; to the Greeks, a wheel; and in Christian iconography; bulls and birds. Earth (classical element) Earth is one of the classical elements, in some systems numbering four along with air, fire, and water. Earth is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science. It was commonly associated with qualities of heaviness, matter and the terrestrial world. Due", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "78581", "score": "0.9373293", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Four Mountains", "text": "Four Mountains Four Mountains () variously interpreted from Chinese mythology or the most ancient level of Chinese history as being a person or four persons or four gods, depending upon the specific source. The figures feature prominently in the myth of the Great Flood, and the related myths of Emperor Yao (in whose reign the Great Flood began), Gun, Shun (Yao's successor as emperor), and Yu the Great (who finally controlled the flood waters during the reign of Shun, and later succeeded him as emperor). Mythologist Yang Lihui sees Four Mountains as four gods of a set of four mountains,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16607636", "score": "0.93569565", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Sima (geology)", "text": "Sima (geology) In geology, sima is the name for the lower layer of the Earth's crust. This layer is made of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals. Typically when the sima comes to the surface it is basalt, so sometimes this layer is called the 'basalt layer' of the crust. The sima layer is also called the 'basal crust' or 'basal layer' because it is the lowest layer of the crust. Because the ocean floors are mainly sima, it is also sometimes called the 'oceanic crust'. The name 'sima' was taken from the first two letters of silica and of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7658904", "score": "0.92385745", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Earth (classical element)", "text": "Earth (classical element) Earth is one of the classical elements, in some systems numbering four along with air, fire, and water. Earth is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science. It was commonly associated with qualities of heaviness, matter and the terrestrial world. Due to the hero cults, and chthonic underworld deities, the element of \"earth\" is also associated with the sensual aspects of both life and death in later occultism. Empedocles of Acragas proposed four \"archai\" by which to understand the cosmos: \"fire\",\" air\", \"water\", and \"earth\". Plato believed the elements were geometric forms", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "78575", "score": "0.9233266", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Four Mountains", "text": "the figure of Four Mountains to the Chinese cosmological idea of a square earth, with each of the peaks representing one of the four cardinal directions which the ruler would tour, and at which he would perform various imperial rituals, upon taking possession of his realm. The person or person(s) of Four Mountains being afterwards present in court then symbolized the completion of the ruler's having taken possession of his entire realm. Four Mountains Four Mountains () variously interpreted from Chinese mythology or the most ancient level of Chinese history as being a person or four persons or four gods,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16607639", "score": "0.91899914", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Four corners of the world", "text": "four sides, from which four rivers flow to the four quarters of the world (the Ganges, Indus, Oxus (Amu Darya), and Śita (Tarim)), dividing the world into four quadrants. Another account portrays a celestial mountain, Mount Meru, buttressed by four terrestrial mountain ranges which extend in four directions. Between them lie four sacred lakes, through which the celestial river divides into four earthly rivers, which flow to the four corners and irrigate the four quadrants of the Earth. Buddhism and the Bon religion of Tibet have similar accounts. Four corners of the world Several cosmological and mythological systems portray four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9332865", "score": "0.916803", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Geology of solar terrestrial planets", "text": "(found in limestone), aragonite, and dolomite. The pedosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Currently the total arable land is 13.31% of the land surface, with only 4.71% supporting permanent crops. Close to 40% of the Earth's land surface is presently used for cropland and pasture, or an estimated of cropland and of pastureland. The physical features of land are remarkably varied. The largest mountain ranges—the Himalayas in Asia and the Andes in South America—extend for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10692282", "score": "0.91242874", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Earth in culture", "text": "deity. The name \"Earth\" derives from the eighth century Anglo-Saxon word \"erda\", which means ground or soil. It became \"eorthe\" later, and then \"erthe\" in Middle English. These words are all cognates of Jörð, the name of the giantess of Norse myth. Earth was first used as the name of the sphere of the Earth in the early fifteenth century. The planet's name in Latin, used academically and scientifically in the West during the Renaissance, is the same as that of Terra Mater, the Roman goddess, which translates to English as Mother Earth. The standard astronomical symbol of the Earth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12515067", "score": "0.91015047", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Soil horizon", "text": "called “layers”. Some soil scientists use the word layer in a more general way, including the horizons \"sensu stricto\". Many soils have an organic surface layer, which is denominated with a capital letter (different letters, depending from the system). The mineral soil usually starts with an A horizon. If a well-developed subsoil horizon as a result of soil formation exists, it is generally called a B horizon. An underlying loose, but poorly developed horizon is called a C horizon. Hard bedrock is mostly denominated R. Most individual systems defined more horizons and layers than just these five. In the following,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4616522", "score": "0.90910655", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Land", "text": "area—it is also used as two words. Landmasses include supercontinents, continents, and islands. There are four major continuous landmasses on Earth: Afro-Eurasia, the Americas, Antarctica and Australia. Land, capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops, is called arable land. A country or region may be referred to as the motherland, fatherland, or homeland of its people. Many countries and other places have names incorporating -land (e.g. New Zealand). The earliest material found in the Solar System is dated to (billion years ago); therefore, the Earth itself must have been formed by accretion around this time. By , the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17458190", "score": "0.8981712", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mesosphere (mantle)", "text": "The base of the lower mantle is at about 2700 km. \"Mesosphere\" (not to be confused with mesosphere, a layer of the atmosphere) is derived from “mesospheric shell”, coined by Reginald Aldworth Daly, a Harvard University geology professor. In the pre-plate tectonics era, Daly (1940) inferred that the outer Earth consisted of three spherical layers: lithosphere (including the crust), asthenosphere, and mesospheric shell. Daly’s hypothetical depths to the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary ranged from , and the top of the mesospheric shell (base of the asthenosphere) were from . Thus, Daly’s asthenosphere was inferred to be thick. According to Daly, the base", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9055457", "score": "0.8949937", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Earth", "text": "Earth is metamorphic rock, which is created from the transformation of pre-existing rock types through high pressures, high temperatures, or both. The most abundant silicate minerals on Earth's surface include quartz, feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene and olivine. Common carbonate minerals include calcite (found in limestone) and dolomite. The elevation of the land surface varies from the low point of at the Dead Sea, to a maximum altitude of at the top of Mount Everest. The mean height of land above sea level is about . The pedosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's continental surface and is composed of soil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "111088", "score": "0.8915404", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Four Mountains", "text": "importance of Four Mountains can be seen in their key role in selecting Gun to be the first to be put in charge of controlling the flood, then, later, in nominating Shun to be Yao's co-emperor, and later successor. The name \"Four Mountains\" in Chinese uses 四 (sì), the standard character/word for the number four, plus 嶽 (yuè), which refers to a great mountain, or the highest peak of a mountain — in contrast to the usual word for mountain, 山 (shān), which may also be used to refer to a mere foothill or other geological prominence. Anthony Christie relates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16607638", "score": "0.8866104", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Core–mantle boundary", "text": "his 1942 publication of his model, the entire lower mantle was the D layer. In 1950, Bullen found his 'D' layer to actually be two different layers. The upper part of the D layer, about 1800 km thick, was renamed D′ (D prime) and the lower part (the bottom 200 km) was named D″. A seismic discontinuity occurs within Earth's interior at a depth of about 2,900 km (1,800 mi) below the surface, where there is an abrupt change in the speed of seismic waves (generated by earthquakes or explosions) that travel through Earth. At this depth, primary seismic waves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4484713", "score": "0.88604593", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Elysium (Dungeons & Dragons)", "text": "fourth layer of the plane. The river itself continually splits and recombines at many points throughout its course across Elysium. One of the \"Planescape\" factions, \"The Transcendent Order\", also maintains a large presence here. Although they don't keep an official headquarters, they can be found throughout the plane, following their hearts and generally striving for greater harmony with their surroundings. As an outer plane, Elysium is spatially infinite, further consisting of four infinite layers (or sub-planes). Elysium’s first layer shares borders with the neighbouring planes of the Wilderness of the Beastlands and the Twin Paradises of Bytopia; travel is possible", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2397243", "score": "0.8827187", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mantle (geology)", "text": "Mantle (geology) The mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density. All terrestrial planets (including Earth), a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles. The Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. Its mass of 4.01 × 10 kg is 67% the mass of the Earth. It has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3925628", "score": "0.8773043", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Land", "text": "is approximately which is about 29.2% of its total surface. Water covers approximately 70.8% of Earth's surface, mainly in the form of oceans and ice formations. Creation myths in many religions recall a story involving the creation of the world by a supernatural deity or deities, including accounts wherein the land is separated from the oceans and the air. The Earth itself has often been personified as a deity, in particular a goddess. In many cultures, the mother goddess is also portrayed as a fertility deity. To the Aztecs, Earth was called \"Tonantzin\"—\"our mother\"; to the Incas, Earth was called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17458195", "score": "0.8768995", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Earth science", "text": "in the same ways throughout geologic time. This enables those who study Earth's history to apply knowledge of how Earth processes operate in the present to gain insight into how the planet has evolved and changed throughout deep history. Earth science generally recognizes four spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere; these correspond to rocks, water, air and life. Also included by some are the cryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere and the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere. Earth science Earth science or geoscience includes all fields", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12790517", "score": "0.87639844", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Zam", "text": "the waters, and before that of plants and fire. The creation of the earth is described in three stages: At first, the surface of the earth was a round, flat disk, floating in the center of the waters that filled the lower half of the \"sky\". Then, from its surface grew up the mountains, the tallest of these being Hara Berezaiti whose outlying ranges encircled the earth and beyond which lay the world river Aredvi Sura. Finally, during the time of the fourth creation (plants), the primordial tree grew up, and was the prototype of all plants (this tree is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7918647", "score": "0.87560487", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Earth", "text": "of Nerthus, and later Norse mythology included Jörð, a giantess often given as the mother of Thor. Originally, \"earth\" was written in lowercase, and from early Middle English, its definite sense as \"the globe\" was expressed as \"the earth\". By Early Modern English, many nouns were capitalized, and \"the earth\" became (and often remained) \"the Earth\", particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as \"Earth\", by analogy with the names of the other planets. House styles now vary: Oxford spelling recognizes the lowercase form as the most common, with the capitalized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "111065", "score": "0.8755139", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "four" ]

[ { "title": "Protein structure prediction", "text": "it appears that although the number of actual proteins is vast, there is a limited set of tertiary structural motifs to which most proteins belong. It has been suggested that there are only around 2,000 distinct protein folds in nature, though there are many millions of different proteins. These methods may also be split into two groups: Homology modeling is based on the reasonable assumption that two homologous proteins will share very similar structures. Because a protein's fold is more evolutionarily conserved than its amino acid sequence, a target sequence can be modeled with reasonable accuracy on a very distantly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2068698", "score": "1.0492231", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Rosetta@home", "text": "carry out functions within the cell. To better understand a protein's function and aid in rational drug design, scientists need to know the protein's three-dimensional tertiary structure. Protein 3D structures are currently determined experimentally via X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The process is slow (it can take weeks or even months to figure out how to crystallize a protein for the first time) and costly (around $100,000 USD per protein). Unfortunately, the rate at which new sequences are discovered far exceeds the rate of structure determination – out of more than 7,400,000 protein sequences available in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6550244", "score": "1.0460192", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins. Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids. By physical size, proteins are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3722986", "score": "1.0427234", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "proteins are made up of amino acid residues. Post-translational modification such as disulfide bond formation, phosphorylations and glycosylations are usually also considered a part of the primary structure, and cannot be read from the gene. For example, insulin is composed of 51 amino acids in 2 chains. One chain has 31 amino acids, and the other has 20 amino acids. Secondary structure refers to highly regular local sub-structures on the actual polypeptide backbone chain. Two main types of secondary structure, the α-helix and the β-strand or β-sheets, were suggested in 1951 by Linus Pauling and coworkers. These secondary structures are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3722990", "score": "1.01528", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "HH-suite", "text": "a large fraction of the approximately 20 000 human proteins the structures and functions remain unknown. Many proteins have been investigated in model organisms such as many bacteria, baker's yeast, fruit flies, zebra fish or mice, for which experiments can be often done more easily than with human cells. To predict the function, structure, or other properties of a protein for which only its sequence of amino acids is known, the protein sequence is compared to the sequences of other proteins in public databases. If a protein with sufficiently similar sequence is found, the two proteins are likely to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16532454", "score": "1.0039482", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "a 3-D model for a protein of unknown structure from experimental structures of evolutionarily-related proteins, called a protein family. Protein structure Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers specifically polypeptides formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3723010", "score": "0.9919802", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "polypeptide, the final structure of the protein chain is determined by its amino acid sequence (Anfinsen's dogma). Protein stability depends upon a few factors such as 1) Non-covalent electrostatic interactions 2) Hydrophobic interactions These interaction energies are from the order of 20-40 kJ/mol. Proteins are very sensitive to changing temperatures and a change in temperature may result in unfolding or denaturation. Protein denaturation may result in loss of function, and loss of native state. X-ray crystallography and calorimetry indicates that there is no general mechanism that describes the effect of temperature change on the functions and structure of proteins. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3722998", "score": "0.9906362", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Protein", "text": "of 50,000 to 1 million. By contrast, eukaryotic cells are larger and thus contain much more protein. For instance, yeast cells have been estimated to contain about 50 million proteins and human cells on the order of 1 to 3 billion. The concentration of individual protein copies ranges from a few molecules per cell up to 20 million. Not all genes coding proteins are expressed in most cells and their number depends on, for example, cell type and external stimuli. For instance, of the 20,000 or so proteins encoded by the human genome, only 6,000 are detected in lymphoblastoid cells.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318745", "score": "0.98561466", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "Protein structure Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers specifically polypeptides formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein. To be able", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3722985", "score": "0.9819468", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "There are four distinct levels of protein structure.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "this approach, including fast parallel proteolysis (FASTpp), can probe the structured fraction and its stability without the need for purification. Once a protein's structure has been experimentally determined, further detailed studies can be done computationally, using molecular dynamic simulations of that structure. Proteins are often thought of as relatively stable structures that have a set tertiary structure and experience conformational changes as a result of being modified by other proteins or as part of enzymatic activity. However proteins have varying degrees of stability and some of the less stable variants are intrinsically disordered proteins. These proteins exist and function in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3723003", "score": "0.9812206", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Protein secondary structure", "text": "detects π and 3 helical caps to standard α-helices, and automatically assembles the various extended strands into consistent β-pleated sheets. It provides a readable output of dissected secondary structural elements, and a corresponding PyMol-loadable script to visualize the assigned secondary structural elements individually. The rough secondary-structure content of a biopolymer (e.g., \"this protein is 40% α-helix and 20% β-sheet.\") can be estimated spectroscopically. For proteins, a common method is far-ultraviolet (far-UV, 170–250 nm) circular dichroism. A pronounced double minimum at 208 and 222 nm indicate α-helical structure, whereas a single minimum at 204 nm or 217 nm reflects random-coil or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "389843", "score": "0.97616625", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Macromolecular crowding", "text": "0.5 μm in diameter, with a cell volume of 0.6 - 0.7 μm. However, \"E. coli\" can contain up to 4,288 different types of proteins, and about 1,000 of these types are produced at a high enough level to be easily detected. Added to this mix are various forms of RNA and the cell's DNA chromosome, giving a total concentration of macromolecules of between 300 and 400 mg/ml. In eukaryotes the cell's interior is further crowded by the protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton, this meshwork divides the cytosol into a network of narrow pores. These high concentrations of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12464343", "score": "0.9692312", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Protein domain", "text": "the course of evolution. There are currently about 110,000 experimentally determined protein 3D structures deposited within the Protein Data Bank (PDB). However, this set contains many identical or very similar structures. All proteins should be classified to structural families to understand their evolutionary relationships. Structural comparisons are best achieved at the domain level. For this reason many algorithms have been developed to automatically assign domains in proteins with known 3D structure; see 'Domain definition from structural co-ordinates'. The CATH domain database classifies domains into approximately 800 fold families; ten of these folds are highly populated and are referred to as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9911954", "score": "0.9670791", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "SOSUI", "text": "to a study published by SOSUI's developers it successfully differentiated 99% of a chosen group of proteins with known structure . However, another study that had several prediction tools perform on the AAS's of 122 known proteins claimed that SOSUI was correct about the number of α helices in only about 60% of the cases . But even if the number of transmembrane domains is not always exact, the differentiation between soluble and transmembrane proteins often works, as it is only necessary to find out if a protein has such a domain at all. Of course, membrane proteins which don't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7075336", "score": "0.96229637", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "optimized for the maximum stability. Around 90% of the protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank have been determined by X-ray crystallography. This method allows one to measure the three-dimensional (3-D) density distribution of electrons in the protein, in the crystallized state, and thereby infer the 3-D coordinates of all the atoms to be determined to a certain resolution. Roughly 9% of the known protein structures have been obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. For larger protein complexes, cryo-electron microscopy can determine protein structures. The resolution is typically lower than that of X-ray crystallography, or NMR, but the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3723001", "score": "0.96218145", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "2-fold axis in a dimer. Multimers made up of identical subunits are referred to with a prefix of \"homo-\" (e.g. a homotetramer) and those made up of different subunits are referred to with a prefix of \"hetero-\", for example, a heterotetramer, such as the two alpha and two beta chains of hemoglobin. Proteins are frequently described as consisting of several structural units. These units include domains, motifs, and folds. Despite the fact that there are about 100,000 different proteins expressed in eukaryotic systems, there are many fewer different domains, structural motifs and folds. A structural domain is an element of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3722994", "score": "0.9611088", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Threading (protein sequence)", "text": "past three years have similar structural folds to ones already in the PDB. The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the structural and evolutionary relationships of known structure. Proteins are classified to reflect both structural and evolutionary relatedness. Many levels exist in the hierarchy, but the principal levels are family, superfamily and fold, as described below. Family (clear evolutionary relationship): Proteins clustered together into families are clearly evolutionarily related. Generally, this means that pairwise residue identities between the proteins are 30% and greater. However, in some cases similar functions and structures provide definitive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6438838", "score": "0.96097744", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Protein structure prediction", "text": "have more difficulty addressing the looser constraints and higher flexibility of surface residues, which often occupy multiple rotamer conformations rather than just one. Statistical methods have been developed for predicting structural classes of proteins based on their amino acid composition, pseudo amino acid composition and functional domain composition. In the case of complexes of two or more proteins, where the structures of the proteins are known or can be predicted with high accuracy, protein–protein docking methods can be used to predict the structure of the complex. Information of the effect of mutations at specific sites on the affinity of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2068704", "score": "0.9579623", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "De novo protein structure prediction", "text": "similar amino acid sequences. Ubiquitin, for example, is a protein involved in regulating the degradation of other proteins; its amino acid sequence is nearly identical in species as far separated as \"Drosophila melanogaster\" and \"Homo sapiens\". Fourth, by thought experiment, one can deduce that protein folding must not be a completely random process and that information necessary for folding must be encoded within the primary structure. For example, if we assume that each of 100 amino acid residues within a small polypeptide could take up 10 different conformations on average, giving 10^100 different conformations for the polypeptide. If one possible", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9674809", "score": "0.9560331", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Protein structure prediction", "text": "be taken into account in molecular modeling and alignments. The α helix is the most abundant type of secondary structure in proteins. The α helix has 3.6 amino acids per turn with an H bond formed between every fourth residue; the average length is 10 amino acids (3 turns) or 10 Å but varies from 5 to 40 (1.5 to 11 turns). The alignment of the H bonds creates a dipole moment for the helix with a resulting partial positive charge at the amino end of the helix. Because this region has free NH groups, it will interact with negatively", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2068655", "score": "0.9557541", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Protein moonlighting", "text": "the enzyme's measured metabolic activity. These expression levels may signify that the protein is performing a different function than previously known. The structure of a protein can also help determine its functions. Protein structure in turn may be elucidated with various techniques including X-ray crystallography or NMR. Dual polarization interferometry may be used to measure changes in protein structure which may also give hints to the protein's function. Finally, application of systems biology approaches such as interactomics give clues to a proteins function based on what it interacts with. In the case of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15391977", "score": "0.9539838", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Edward Trifonov", "text": "protein modules tries to address the questions of proteins evolution and protein folding. In 2000, Trifonov with Berezovsky and Grosberg studied protein sequences and tried to identify simple sequential elements in proteins. They postulated that structurally diverse closed loops of 25–30 amino acid residues are universal building blocks of protein folds. They speculated that at the beginning of the evolution, there were short polypeptide chains which later formed these closed loops. They supposed that the loops structure provided more stability to the sequence and thus was favored in the evolution. Modern proteins are probably a group of closed loops fused", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16339829", "score": "0.9514506", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Protein", "text": "2 prolines [P], separated by 2 unspecified amino acids [x], although the surrounding amino acids may determine the exact binding specificity). A large number of such motifs has been collected in the Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) database. Proteins are the chief actors within the cell, said to be carrying out the duties specified by the information encoded in genes. With the exception of certain types of RNA, most other biological molecules are relatively inert elements upon which proteins act. Proteins make up half the dry weight of an \"Escherichia coli\" cell, whereas other macromolecules such as DNA and RNA make", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318755", "score": "0.9498205", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Protein", "text": "protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318737", "score": "0.9490502", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Protein structure", "text": "of protein three-dimensional structure or amino acid sequence that were found in a large number of different proteins. The supersecondary structure refers to a specific combination of secondary structure elements, such as β-α-β units or a helix-turn-helix motif. Some of them may be also referred to as structural motifs. A protein fold refers to the general protein architecture, like a helix bundle, β-barrel, Rossman fold or different \"folds\" provided in the Structural Classification of Proteins database. A related concept is protein topology that refers to the arrangement of contacts within the protein. A superdomain consists of two or more nominally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3722996", "score": "0.9487675", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Protein secondary structure", "text": "typically ~7 residues on either side) throughout evolution provides a much better picture of the structural tendencies near that position. For illustration, a given protein might have a glycine at a given position, which by itself might suggest a random coil there. However, multiple sequence alignment might reveal that helix-favoring amino acids occur at that position (and nearby positions) in 95% of homologous proteins spanning nearly a billion years of evolution. Moreover, by examining the average hydrophobicity at that and nearby positions, the same alignment might also suggest a pattern of residue solvent accessibility consistent with an α-helix. Taken together,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "389846", "score": "0.9485646", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Biomolecular structure", "text": "prediction software). The \"tertiary structure\" of a protein or any other macromolecule is its three-dimensional structure, as defined by the atomic coordinates. Proteins and nucleic acids fold into complex three-dimensional structures which result in the molecules' functions. While such structures are diverse and complex, they are often composed of recurring, recognizable tertiary structure motifs and domains that serve as molecular building blocks. Tertiary structure is considered to be largely determined by the biomolecule's primary structure (its sequence of amino acids or nucleotides). The \"quaternary structure\" refers to the number and arrangement of multiple protein molecules in a multi-subunit complex. For", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7761910", "score": "0.9480207", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Intrinsically disordered proteins", "text": "V, L, and N are hydrophobic and uncharged. The remaining amino acids H, M, T and D are ambiguous, found in both ordered and unstructured regions. This information is the basis of most sequence-based predictors. Regions with little to no secondary structure, also known as NORS (NO Regular Secondary structure) regions, and low-complexity regions can easily be detected. However, not all disordered proteins contain such low complexity sequences. Determining disordered regions from biochemical methods is very costly and time-consuming. Due to the variable nature of IDPs, only certain aspects of their structure can be detected, so that a full characterization", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6196325", "score": "0.94664854", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Transmembrane protein", "text": "and are expressed at relatively low levels. This creates difficulties in obtaining enough protein and then growing crystals. Hence, despite the significant functional importance of membrane proteins, determining atomic resolution structures for these proteins is more difficult than globular proteins. As of January 2013 less than 0.1% of protein structures determined were membrane proteins despite being 20–30% of the total proteome. Due to this difficulty and the importance of this class of proteins methods of protein structure prediction based on hydropathy plots, the positive inside rule and other methods have been developed. Transmembrane α-helical proteins are unusually stable judging from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1454119", "score": "0.94285166", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "save, rescue, savior", "rescue", "savior", "save" ]

[ { "title": "Hosanna", "text": "the shout of praise or adoration made in recognition of the Messiahship of Jesus on his triumphal entry into Jerusalem, \"Hosanna! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!\" It is used in the same way in Christian praise. The \"Hosanna Anthem\", based on the phrase \"Hosanna\", is a traditional Moravian Church anthem written by Bishop Christian Gregor of Herrnhut sung on Palm Sunday and the first Sunday of Advent. It is antiphonal, i.e. a call-and-response song; traditionally, it is sung between the children and adult congregation, though it is not unheard of for it to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5073805", "score": "1.1056205", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ekk Deewana Tha", "text": "A month before the film's release, a group from the Christian Secular Forum (CSF) in Mumbai strongly objected to the song \"Hosanna\". According to them, \"Hosanna\" is a sacred term in the Bible that is used by both Jews and Christians while praying, while in the film, the same term was used in a romantic sense. They demanded removal of the song, as well as an \"apology for disrespecting the word\", and threatened to take legal action against the film if the song was not edited out of the film's final cut. To this, music director Rahman responded, \"As with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15575252", "score": "1.0296309", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Hosanna shout", "text": "shouts of hosanna were viewed as a sealing benediction on both private and quorum prayer and then on the dedicatory prayer. At prayer meetings in the Kirtland Temple, the Saints sometimes used related phrases such as \"Blessed is the name of the Most High God\" and \"Glory to God in the highest\" (HC 2:386). The Hosanna Shout is whole-souled, given to the full limit of one's strength. The congregation stands and in unison shouts the words \"Hosanna, Hosanna, Hosanna to God and the Lamb. Amen, Amen, and Amen,\" repeating them three times. This is usually accompanied by the rhythmic waving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6168889", "score": "1.0113533", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Palm Sunday", "text": "of South India (CSI), Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, and Syriac Orthodox Church (Jacobite) congregations elsewhere in India and throughout the West), flowers are strewn about the sanctuary on Palm Sunday during the reading of the Gospel, at the words uttered by the crowd welcoming Jesus, \"Hosanna! Blessed is he who is come and is to come in the name of the Lord God\". These words are read to the congregation thrice. The congregation then repeats, \"Hosanna!\", and the flowers are scattered. This is adapted from the older Hindu custom of scattering flowers on festive occasions, as well as the honour shown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "328622", "score": "0.9981829", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Hosanna", "text": "named Hussein. In arabic, Hussein is also referred to as Hussaina or Hossein/a. Shia Muslims believe that Hussein sacrificed his soul for the sake of humanity and not only Islam, which places him in the highest levels of heaven. In Jewish liturgy, the word is applied specifically to the Hoshana Service, a cycle of prayers from which a selection is sung each morning during Sukkot, the Feast of Booths or Tabernacles. Hence its relationship to Christ's arrival The complete cycle is sung on the seventh day of the festival, which is called Hoshana Rabbah (הושענא רבא, \"Great Hosanna\"). \"Hosanna\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5073804", "score": "0.99621356", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Hosanna shout", "text": "Hosanna shout In the Latter Day Saint movement, a hosanna shout is an organized ritual of a congregation of shouting hosanna. It was first performed as a ritual in the dedication of the Kirtland Temple, and was a part of the Kirtland endowment ceremony. It continues to be practiced by some Latter Day Saint denominations, most notably The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which practices the ritual at the dedication of each of its temples and other important buildings. The \"Encyclopedia of Mormonism\" states: When the ordinance of the washing of feet was introduced at Kirtland,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6168888", "score": "0.9898678", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sanctus", "text": "Hosanna in the highest.</poem> The form used in the ancient Liturgy of Addai and Mari is much shorter: Holy, Holy, Holy Lord is the Lord God of hosts, for heaven and earth are full of his praises, and of the nature of his being, and for the excellency of his glorious splendor. Hosanna in the heights. Hosanna to the son of David. Blessed is he who came in the comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the heights.</poem> The Coptic version of the Liturgy of Saint Basil also gives a short text of what it calls the \"Hymn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3890011", "score": "0.98870504", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)", "text": "later. In 2012, members of an organization called Christian Secular Forum (CSF) objected to the song, claiming that \"Hosanna\" is a sacred word. They demanded removal of the word from the song, and an apology. \"Hosanna\" created waves among the music lovers even before the audio release of the film. It had another grand reception when its video was released onto television channels on 10 March. The song was the most promoted song of the film and it became very popular. The song was #1 in the year end music charts of 2010, published by Sify on the number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14335879", "score": "0.98690397", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Hosanna shout", "text": "of white handkerchiefs with uplifted hands. The epithet \"Lamb\" relates to the condescension and Atonement of Jesus Christ. The Hosanna Shout memorializes the pre-earthly Council in Heaven, as \"when … all the sons of God shouted for joy\" (Job 38:7). It also recalls the hosannas and the waving of palm branches accorded the Messiah as he entered Jerusalem. And hosannas welcomed him as he appeared to the Nephites. [LDS Church] President Lorenzo Snow taught that this shout will herald the Messiah when he comes in the glory of the Father (cf. 1 Thes. 4:16). The worldwide membership of the LDS", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6168890", "score": "0.97991383", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Hosanna", "text": "The word hosanna (Latin osanna, Greek ὡσαννά, hōsanná) is from Hebrew הושיעה־נא, הושיעה נא hôšîʿâ-nā and related to Aramaic אושענא (ʾōshaʿnā) meaning \"save, rescue, savior\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Hosanna", "text": "Love People\". In the 1969 Broadway musical 1776 the word is used repeatedly as part of the chorus of the song \"Cool, Cool, Considerate Men.\" A. R. Rahman composed the song \"Hosanna\" for the 2010 Tamil movie \"Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa\". Here the word is used as an exclamation of joy when a man sees his beloved. The Christian Catholic Secular Forum (CSF) objected to this song and asked film-makers Fox Star Studios to remove it from the final cut of the Hindi remake of the film, \"Ekk Deewana Tha\". Paul McCartney's album New, released in 2013, features a song titled Hosanna.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5073808", "score": "0.93969655", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Hosanna", "text": "be done in other ways, such as between choir and congregation, or played between trombone choirs. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright famously used the word in his exclamation \"Hosanna! A client!\" after securing a commission, breaking a long, dry spell. \"Hosanna\" is also the name of one of the songs featured in the 1971 rock opera \"Jesus Christ Superstar\". The song covers the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, as in the above Biblical passages. Jesus is briefly harassed by the high priest Caiaphas but the people celebrate him as the Messiah. There is also a reprise of the chorus when Jesus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5073806", "score": "0.9367495", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hosanna shout", "text": "Church participated in a hosanna shout led by Gordon B. Hinckley at the dedication of the LDS Conference Center on October 8, 2000. Video of the dedication and hosanna shout is available to view on the LDS Church website.. Hosanna shout In the Latter Day Saint movement, a hosanna shout is an organized ritual of a congregation of shouting hosanna. It was first performed as a ritual in the dedication of the Kirtland Temple, and was a part of the Kirtland endowment ceremony. It continues to be practiced by some Latter Day Saint denominations, most notably The Church of Jesus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6168891", "score": "0.9180889", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Worship in Hinduism", "text": "commonly used for theophany - \"manifestation / visions of the divine\" in Hindu worship, e.g. of a deity (especially in image form), or a very holy person or artifact. One could also \"receive\" darshana or a glimpse of the deity in the temple, or from a great saintly person, such as a great guru. Homa (also known as \"homam\" or \"havan\") is a Sanskrit word which refers to any ritual in which making offerings into a consecrated fire is the primary action. At present, the words \"homa/homam\" and \"havan\" are interchangeable with the word \"Yagna.\" Yagya is a ritual of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14525650", "score": "0.9089304", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)", "text": "times the songs have been played on FM channels, digital downloads and physical sales of the audio. The song is regarded as a classic by fans of the film and A.R.Rahman Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song) \"Hosanna/Hosaanaa\" is a Tamil/ Hindi/Telugu song from the 2010 Tamil film \"Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa\", Telugu film \"Ye Maaya Chesave\" and 2012 \"Hindi film \"Ekk Deewana Tha composed by Academy Award winner A. R. Rahman, sung by Vijay Prakash & Suzanne D'Mello featuring Tamil lyrics by Thamarai, and the rap portion in all versions by Blaaze. The song features additional vocals by Vivek Agarwal, Dr. Narayan,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14335880", "score": "0.9076128", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Dihosana", "text": "dancers usually dance in groups and wear black skirts, and long strings of beads in their necks.The beads are grouped in many different colour categories from red, black and white, a myriad in the body and waist. Hosana is part of the Kalanga culture and not everyone qualifies to be a Hosana dancer. For one to be a Hosana, the person should have an ancestral calling. It comes not as a choice or preference. One becomes possessed with sickness that cannot be healed at the hospital.The person will then be taken to a hill called Ka Mwale where they meet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20359642", "score": "0.8945364", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Hosanna (play)", "text": "Hosanna (play) Hosanna is a 1973 play by French-Canadian writer Michel Tremblay. The story takes place in the Montreal, Quebec apartment of Hosanna, a drag queen dressed as Elizabeth Taylor's Cleopatra, and centres on the relationship between her and Cuirette, an aging \"stud\" and homosexual biker after they have returned from a Halloween party. The play deals with several issues including gender identity, sexual identity, the ignorance and acceptance of ageing, and social expressions of homosexuality. Hosanna discusses her relationship with her mother and shows her anxieties over her knowledge of who she really is. The scholar and activist Viviane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13095021", "score": "0.8909868", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mass in the Catholic Church", "text": "prefaces, which lead to the Sanctus acclamation: \"Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.\" In some countries, including the United States, the people kneel immediately after the singing or recitation of the Sanctus. If a person is unable to kneel, he makes a profound bow after the Consecration – the Institution Narrative that recalls Jesus' words and actions at his Last Supper: \"Take this, all of you, and eat of it: for this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8108306", "score": "0.88947856", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dihosana", "text": "the leader or elder of hosana so that they can pray for rain.The elder from veteran hosana will release someone to start by cleaning or sweeping the ground known as Sebata. Dihosana Dihosana is a traditional dance by Kalanga people or Ikalanga people which existed for a long period of time. Dihosana involves the invitation of ancestors through trance to pray for rain. It is a rain making dance. Dihosana is a dance heritage which has been inherited from the fore fathers by those practising it. People living in the north, approximately about 20 to 30 km north of Francistown,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20359644", "score": "0.8884493", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)", "text": "were written by director Gautham Menon's usual associate Thamarai and the Telugu lyrics were written by Anantha Sreeram, whilst the lyrics for the rap portion were written by the Blaaze. It was the composer itself, who suggested to include the word \"Hosanna\", as the heroine hails from a Christian family and to include the portion \"Ee Hrudayam/Yen Idhayam\". Kannada singer Vijay Prakash is the main vocalist, who sung the male portion completely except for the rap portion starting \"Everybody Wanna\". While Suzanne with her excellent singing, culminates in a humming of the word \"Hosanna\". The song is picturised when the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14335876", "score": "0.8869421", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)", "text": "as it was the first album composed by A. R. Rahman after his double Oscars win. Rahman won his first filmfare award in Telugu due to the success of the soundtrack. Following this anticipation, before the official audio release of the Tamil version, on 19 December 2009 in London and 12 January 2010 in Chennai, and the Telugu version on 3 February 2010, \"Ee Hrudayam/Hosanna\" track was leaked onto the internet. Later the track was officially released with the same singer but another strophe had been added to the song. A thirty second video of the song was also released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14335878", "score": "0.88408947", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hosaena", "text": "belief, 24.6% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 6.57% were Muslim, and 1.99% were Catholic, whose Latin Catholic missionary pre-diocesan Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna has its episcopal see at the St. Joseph cathedral in Hosaina. The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 31,701 of whom 15,593 were men and 16,108 were women. However, the latest report made by the city population center, Hosaena have a total population of 89,300 in the year 2011. Hosaena Hosaena (also spelled Hosaina or Hosa'ina, also called Hosanna (which has namasakes); an older name is Wachamo) is a town and separate woreda", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9581383", "score": "0.8840456", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hosanna (play)", "text": "Tarragon Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, on 15 May 1974. \"Hosanna\" then appeared on Broadway in New York City at the Bijou Theatre on 14 October 1974. Hosanna (play) Hosanna is a 1973 play by French-Canadian writer Michel Tremblay. The story takes place in the Montreal, Quebec apartment of Hosanna, a drag queen dressed as Elizabeth Taylor's Cleopatra, and centres on the relationship between her and Cuirette, an aging \"stud\" and homosexual biker after they have returned from a Halloween party. The play deals with several issues including gender identity, sexual identity, the ignorance and acceptance of ageing, and social expressions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13095023", "score": "0.8840016", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)", "text": "Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song) \"Hosanna/Hosaanaa\" is a Tamil/ Hindi/Telugu song from the 2010 Tamil film \"Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa\", Telugu film \"Ye Maaya Chesave\" and 2012 \"Hindi film \"Ekk Deewana Tha composed by Academy Award winner A. R. Rahman, sung by Vijay Prakash & Suzanne D'Mello featuring Tamil lyrics by Thamarai, and the rap portion in all versions by Blaaze. The song features additional vocals by Vivek Agarwal, Dr. Narayan, V. V. Prasanna and Haricharan Sesh and chorus by K. M. Music Conservatory. In the 2012 Hindi remake of the film, \"Ekk Deewana Tha\" the song was written by Javed Akhtar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14335873", "score": "0.87908626", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Spirit of God Like a Fire Is Burning", "text": "and Advocate\". The January 1836 issue of the \"Messenger and Advocate\" specifies the tune \"American Star\". On the other hand, the March 1836 issue specifies the tune \"Hosanna\" when it was sung for the dedication service of the Kirtland Temple. At least four tunes were associated with the hymn since it was written. While these tunes were likely familiar to many of the members of the church at the time, there is some ambiguity today as to how these tunes were sung. J. C. Little and G. B. Gardner published an unofficial hymnal 1844 in Bellows Falls, Vermont, which is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4459941", "score": "0.8780555", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Palm Sunday", "text": "Ethiopia, this holiday is referred to as Hosanna. Palm leaves are used to create crucifixes, rings and other ornaments. In Finland, it is popular for children to dress up as Easter witches and go door to door in neighborhoods and trade decorated pussy willow branches for coins and candy. This is an old Karelian custom called \"virpominen\". It is customary for the children to chant, with some variation, \"Virvon varvon tuoreeks, terveeks, tulevaks vuodeks, vitsa sulle, palkka mulle!\" which translates as \"I'm wishing you a fresh, healthy upcoming year, a branch for you, a prize for me!\" The chant has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "328620", "score": "0.86332554", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ekk Deewana Tha", "text": "any film project I work on, I had spent several months researching before composing/writing all the songs for and had consulted friends who are Christian in particular about the use of the word 'Hosanna' in this song. The song was a sensation when it was released in the South a couple of years ago and it went on to win all possible music awards and was well received by all communities! Therefore I am deeply concerned about the sentiments of all those who appear to be hurt by this song.\" \"Ekk Deewana Tha\" received mixed to negative reviews upon release.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15575253", "score": "0.86206883", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Hosanna (A. R. Rahman song)", "text": "by Blaaze. The song in Tamil and Telugu starts slowly with lyrics \"Ee Hrudayam/Yen Idhayam\", which resembles the biblical verses \"\"If someone slaps you on one cheek, let him slap the other too!\"\", (But in Hindi it uses a She'r \"Dil hote jo mere seene mein do Doosra dil bhi main tumhe deta todne ko\" which means \"If there were two hearts in my chest I'd give you the second heart as well to break it..\" having almost similar meaning in context of Love ) but soon gain its pace with the lines starting \"Entha Mandhi/Andha Neram\". The Tamil lyrics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14335875", "score": "0.8587667", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Hosanna (play)", "text": "Namaste has criticized \"Hosanna\", which ends with its protagonist identifying as a gay man after a series of humiliations, as reinforcing a patriarchal, transphobic ideology in which a \"reliance on the ideas of illusion, deception, and betrayal presupposes that we as transgendered people do not know who we are. [...] It is through such a violently anti-transgendered discourse that Tremblay enables gay male subject-positions.\" The play was translated into English by John Van Burek and Bill Glassco. \"Hosanna\" was first performed at le Théâtre de Quat'sous in Montreal, Quebec, on 10 May 1973. \"Hosanna\" was first performed in English at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13095022", "score": "0.85534155", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Sanctus", "text": "full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. </poem> As Enrico Mazza writes: The \"Sanctus\" became part of the Roman Eucharistic Prayer only in the first half of the fifth century; all in all, this was a fairly late period, inasmuch as by then the text of the Roman Canon had become fixed and was regarded as a text possessing great authority. There exist two fundamental types of \"Sanctus\": the Alexandrian and the Antiochene. The \"Sanctus\" of the Roman Eucharist derives from the Antiochene liturgy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3890001", "score": "0.85180336", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "90 percent of the continent" ]

[ { "title": "German colonization of Africa", "text": "Parts of contemporary Chad, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, the Central African Republic and the Republic of the Congo were also under the control of German Africa at various points during its existence. German colonization of Africa The German colonization of Africa took place during two distinct periods. In the 1680s, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, then leading the broader realm of Brandenburg-Prussia, pursued limited imperial efforts in West Africa. The Brandenburg African Company was chartered in 1682, and established two small settlements on the Gold Coast of what is today Ghana. Five years later, a treaty with the king of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12727108", "score": "1.1158822", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire", "text": "the colonial project. Jules Brévié, governor of French West Africa from 1930 to 1936, wrote that \"colonization needs scholars, impartial and disinterested researchers with broad vision, outside of the urgency and fire of action. He wanted a methodical research program into colonial history and African culture, and lobbied for an official scientific institute to undertake geographical, ethnographic and historical research. The Popular Front government, in 1936, converted the \"Comite d'etudes historiques et scientifiques de l'AOF\" into the Dakar-based IFAN, and placed naturalist Théodore Monod at its head. From the opening of the institute in 1938, Monod sought to promote Africans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11710675", "score": "1.1151717", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Colonisation of Africa", "text": "academic theoretical critiques could be brought against her work. Colonisation of Africa The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into two stages: Classical antiquity and European colonialism. In popular parlance, discussions of colonialism in Africa usually focus on the European conquests that resulted in the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference in the 19th century. Settlements established by Europeans while incorporated abjection of natives, also brought with it governing and academic institutions as well as agricultural and technological innovations that offset the extractive institutions commonly attributed to colonialism by Western powers. In nearly all African countries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11413336", "score": "1.1007199", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of Africa", "text": "power, or as part of a long term development plan. In other areas, Europeans were encouraged to settle, creating settler states in which a European minority dominated. Settlers only came to a few colonies in sufficient numbers to have a strong impact. British settler colonies included British East Africa (now Kenya), Northern and Southern Rhodesia, (Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively), and South Africa, which already had a significant population of European settlers, the Boers. France planned to settle Algeria and eventually incorporate it into the French state on an equal basis with the European provinces. Algeria's proximity across the Mediterranean allowed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "187346", "score": "1.0962114", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Colonisation of Africa", "text": "Colonisation of Africa The history of external colonisation of Africa can be divided into two stages: Classical antiquity and European colonialism. In popular parlance, discussions of colonialism in Africa usually focus on the European conquests that resulted in the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference in the 19th century. Settlements established by Europeans while incorporated abjection of natives, also brought with it governing and academic institutions as well as agricultural and technological innovations that offset the extractive institutions commonly attributed to colonialism by Western powers. In nearly all African countries today, the language used in government and media is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11413309", "score": "1.0855947", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Colonisation of Africa", "text": "Vincent Khapoya notes the significant resistance of powers faced to their domination in Africa. Technical superiority enabled conquest and control. Pro-independence Africans recognised the value of European education in dealing with Europeans in Africa. Some Africans established their own churches. Africans also noticed the unequal evidence of gratitude they received for their efforts to support Imperialist countries during the world wars. Vincent Khapoya also notes that while European imposed borders did not correspond to traditional territories, such new territories provided entities to focus efforts by movements for increased political voice up to independence. Among local groups so concerned were professionals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11413319", "score": "1.0843828", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Colonisation of Africa", "text": "in the colony illuminates the unequal relationship between the coloniser and colonised and reminds us of the violence inflicted on African bodies throughout the process of colonisation. It cannot be understood nor should be taught without the context of this violence. Stephanie Terreni Brown is an academic in the field of colonialism. In her 2014 paper she examines how sanitation and dirt is used in colonial narratives through the example of Kampala in Uganda. Writing also about Abjection through sanitation planning in the city and how this plays a key role in this narrative of colonisation. Brown describes Abjection as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11413330", "score": "1.082756", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Economic history of Africa", "text": "forced labor (largely for the purposes of rubber cultivation), massacre by colonial troops, famine and disease. In white settler colonies like Algeria, Kenya, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), South Africa and Southwest Africa (now Namibia), the most fertile lands were forcibly expropriated from the indigenous populations for use by white settlers. In these countries African farmers were pushed onto \"native reserves,\" usually located on arid, marginal lands. Slavery was also widely abolished by colonial powers. To some colonizers, such as the British, the ideal colony was based on an open economy, actively engaged in world trade through the export of raw materials", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4021536", "score": "1.070903", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of Africa", "text": "Other significant European explorers included Heinrich Barth, Henry Morton Stanley (coiner of the term \"Dark Continent\" for Africa in an 1878 book), Silva Porto, Alexandre de Serpa Pinto, Rene Caille, Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs, Gustav Nachtigal, George Schweinfurth, and Joseph Thomson. The most famous of the explorers was David Livingstone, who explored southern Africa and traversed the continent from the Atlantic at Luanda to the Indian Ocean at Quelimane. European explorers made use of African guides and servants, and established long-distance trading routes were used. Missionaries attempting to spread Christianity also increased European knowledge of Africa. Between 1884 and 1885, European", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "187344", "score": "1.0646245", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Scramble for Africa", "text": "The \"Scramble for Africa\" was the occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some the Conquest of Africa. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia), the Dervish state (a portion of present-day Somalia) and Liberia still being independent.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Decolonisation of Africa", "text": "all African soil was claimed by Western European governments, with the only exceptions being Liberia (which had been settled by African-American former slaves) and Ethiopia (which had successfully resisted colonisation by Italy). Britain and France had the largest holdings, but Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal also had colonies. As a result of colonialism and imperialism, a majority of Africa lost sovereignty and control of natural resources such as gold and rubber. The introduction of imperial policies surfacing around local economies led to the failing of local economies due to an exploitation of resources and cheap labor. Progress towards independence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5019835", "score": "1.0620949", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jules Brévié", "text": "a circular to the West African administrators asking them to collect oral material, verbal art, since that would help them better understand the people of the colonies. Brévié wrote, \"colonization is becoming a question of method, of calculation, or predictions and, we should say, of science, It remains without a doubt and first of all a political and psychological art, but one that must be guided and clarified by exact scientific data.\". Brévié wanted a methodical research program into colonial history and African culture, and lobbied for an official scientific institute to undertake geographical, ethnographic and historical research. He wrote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19109675", "score": "1.0620453", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "German colonization of Africa", "text": "German colonization of Africa The German colonization of Africa took place during two distinct periods. In the 1680s, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, then leading the broader realm of Brandenburg-Prussia, pursued limited imperial efforts in West Africa. The Brandenburg African Company was chartered in 1682, and established two small settlements on the Gold Coast of what is today Ghana. Five years later, a treaty with the king of Arguin in Mauritania established a protectorate over that island, and Brandenburg occupied an abandoned fort originally constructed there by Portugal. Brandenburg — after 1701, the Kingdom of Prussia — pursued these colonial efforts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12727105", "score": "1.053968", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Colonization of the Congo", "text": "Colonization of the Congo Colonization of the Congo refers to the European colonization of the Congo region of tropical Africa. It was the last part of the continent to be colonized. By the end of the 19th century, the Congo Basin had been carved up by European colonial powers, into the Congo free state, the French Congo and the Portuguese Congo. One by one the other great mysteries had been explored: Though the Congo had been one of the first to be attempted, it remained a mystery. Since the 15th century, European explorers had sailed into the broad Congo estuary,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4263108", "score": "1.0535119", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "History of Africa", "text": "Africa) across much of the sub-Saharan continent in waves between around 1000 BC and 0 AD, creating a linguistic commonality across much of the central and Southern continent. During the Middle Ages, Islam spread west from Arabia to Egypt, crossing the Maghreb and the Sahel. Some notable pre-colonial states and societies in Africa include the Ajuran Empire, D'mt, Adal Sultanate, Warsangali Sultanate, Kingdom of Nri, Nok culture, Mali Empire, Songhai Empire, Benin Empire, Oyo Empire, Ashanti Empire, Ghana Empire, Mossi Kingdoms, Mutapa Empire, Kingdom of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Sine, Kingdom of Sennar, Kingdom of Saloum, Kingdom of Baol, Kingdom of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "187172", "score": "1.0488083", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Culture of Africa", "text": "the Roman colonization of North Africa,(parts of Algeria, Libya, Egypt and the whole of Tunisia) provinces such as Tripolitania became major producers of food for the republic and the empire, this generated much wealth in these places for their 400 years of occupation. During colonialism in Africa, Europeans possessed attitudes of superiority and a sense of mission. The French were able to accept an African as French if that person gave up their African culture and adopted French ways. Knowledge of the Portuguese language and culture and abandonment of traditional African ways defined one as civilized. Kenyan social commentator Mwiti", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4876340", "score": "1.0466435", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Economic history of Africa", "text": "would ultimately fall under European colonial rule by 1914, with the exceptions of Ethiopia and Liberia. The partitioning of African territory among European regimes often violated existing boundaries recognized by local Africans. Some of the independent African states affected by the partitioning of the continent included: Under colonial rule, the plantation system of farming was widely introduced in order to grow large quantities of cash crops, and employing cheap (often forced) African labor for export to European countries. Mining for gems and precious metals such as gold was developed in a similar way by wealthy European entrepreneurs such as Cecil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4021534", "score": "1.046204", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "19th century", "text": "in Southeast Asia, and in 1863 France annexes Cambodia. In Africa, European exploration and technology led to the colonization of almost the entire continent by 1898. New medicines such as quinine and more advanced firearms allowed European nations to conquer native populations. Motivations for the Scramble for Africa included national pride, desire for raw materials, and Christian missionary activity. Britain seized control of Egypt to ensure control of the Suez Canal. France, Belgium, Portugal, and Germany also had substantial colonies. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 attempted to reach agreement on colonial borders in Africa, but disputes continued, both amongst European", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14834214", "score": "1.0442127", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Colonisation of Africa", "text": "the other colonial powers to plead with the Belgian king to exercise some moderating influence. Eventually the Belgian government annexed the territory as a Belgian colony. Khapoya notes the significant attention colonial powers paid to the economics of colonisation. This included: acquisition of land, often enforced labour, introduction of cash crops, sometimes even to the neglect of food crops, changing inter-African trading patterns of pre-colonial times, introduction of labourers from India, etc. and the continuation of Africa as a source of raw materials for European industry. Colonial powers later focused on abolishing slavery, developing infrastructure, and improving health and education.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11413318", "score": "1.0439574", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "European exploration of Africa", "text": "continued as far as Guinea or even Gabon. However, Robin Law notes that some commentators have argued that Hanno exploration have taken him no further than southern Morocco. \"Africa\" is named for the Afri people who settled in the area of current-day Tunisia. The Roman province of Africa spanned the Mediterranean coast of what is now Libya, Tunisia and Algeria. The parts of North Africa north of the Sahara were well known in antiquity. Prior to the 2nd century BC, however, Greek geographers were unaware that the land mass then known as Libya expanded south of the Sahara, assuming that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5312701", "score": "1.0436157", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Chinweizu Ibekwe", "text": "discusses gender relations. Chinweizu has argued that the Arab colonization and Islamization of Africa is no different from European imperialism. The violent conquests, forced conversions and slavery perpetrated by European Christians were also perpetrated by Arab Muslims. In fact, the colonization and enslavement of Africa by Arabs began before the Europeans and continues to this day in Sudan, Mauritania and other countries in the Sahel region. Recently he published a comparative digest that shows the parallel history of European and Arab atrocities against indigenous Africans. He has been critical of the popular illusion that Islam is free of slavery and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9859788", "score": "1.0434601", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "John Thornton (historian)", "text": "and change in the kingdom. Thornton would return to this theme in writing the biography of D Beatriz Kimpa Vita in showing the daily life of Kongo in her times (1684–1706). Thornton's second book, \"Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1650\" (Cambridge University Press, 1992, the second edition in 1998 extended its framework to 1800) was an examination of the Atlantic portions of Africa and their involvement in the Atlantic slave trade, as well as the impact of Africans in the American countries to which they were carried. In this work, Thornton sought to demonstrate that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9121576", "score": "1.0415764", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Jules Brévié", "text": "that \"colonization needs scholars, impartial and disinterested researchers with broad vision, outside of the urgency and fire of action. After much planning and preparation the Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (French Institute of Black Africa) was established in 1938 in Dakar. Brévié took office at the start of the Great Depression and a slump in the local economy. He partly blamed colonial capitalists for the problems, and obtained large loans from the French government to support African producers. However, by 1932 the value of export crops was dropping despite increased yields, and Africans were starting to return to food crops. Brévié", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19109676", "score": "1.038722", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "European exploration of Africa", "text": "and 17th centuries. The European powers were content to establish trading posts along the coast while they were actively exploring and colonizing the New World. Exploration of the interior of Africa was thus mostly left to the Arab slave traders, who in tandem with the Muslim conquest of the Sudan established far-reaching networks and supported the economy of a number of Sahelian kingdoms during the 15th to 18th centuries. At the beginning of the 19th century, European knowledge of geography of the interior of Sub-Saharan Africa was still rather limited. Expeditions exploring Southern Africa were made during the 1830s and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5312696", "score": "1.0365771", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jean-Paul Harroy", "text": "Central Africa and was entitled \"Afrique, terre qui meurt, la dégradation des sols africains sous l'influence de la colonisation\" (\"Africa, a dying land: The Degradation of African Soils under the Influence of Colonization\"). This thesis had a certain international impact, both in the United States and in the USSR. From 1932 to 1935 Jean-Paul Harroy worked in the family company, before being appointed to manage the Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo belge, a precursor of the Institut congolais pour la conservation de la nature. From 1948 et 1955, Jean-Paul Harroy was the first secretary-general of the International Union for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19497219", "score": "1.0325329", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Colonisation of Africa", "text": "after World War II. Growing independence movements, indigenous political parties and trade unions coupled with pressure from within the imperialist powers and from the United States ensured the decolonisation of the majority of the continent by 1980. While some areas, in particular, South Africa, & Namibia retain a large population of European descent, only the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and the islands of Réunion, the Canary Islands, and Madeira remain under European control, the latter two of which were never part of any African polity and have an overwhelmingly European population. The theory of colonialism addresses the problems", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11413323", "score": "1.0319033", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "European exploration of Africa", "text": "the European exploration and colonization of South Africa. Almost at the same time as the Dutch, other European powers attempted to create their own outposts for the African slave trade. As early as 1530, English merchant adventurers started trading in West Africa, coming into conflict with Portuguese troops. In 1581, Francis Drake reached the Cape of Good Hope. In 1663, the English built Fort James in Gambia. One year later, another English colonial expedition attempted to settle southern Madagascar, resulting in the death of most of the colonists. The English forts on the West African coast were eventually taken by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5312721", "score": "1.0316752", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "History of Africa", "text": "Europe after the Second World War , decolonization took place across the continent, culminating in the 1960 Year of Africa. Africa's pre-colonial history has been challenging to research, mostly due to the almost extreme lack of documentation and architecture that the continents of Europe and Asia are so richly dense in. Disciplines such as the recording of oral history, historical linguistics, archaeology and genetics have been crucial. The first known hominids evolved in Africa. According to paleontology, the early hominids' skull anatomy was similar to that of the gorilla and the chimpanzee, great apes that also evolved in Africa, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "187175", "score": "1.0307362", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Cartography", "text": "due to the diminished proportions of those regions compared to higher latitudes where the European powers were concentrated. Maps furthered imperialism and colonization of Africa in practical ways by showing basic information like roads, terrain, natural resources, settlements, and communities. Through this, maps made European commerce in Africa possible by showing potential commercial routes, and made natural resource extraction possible by depicting locations of resources. Such maps also enabled military conquests and made them more efficient, and imperial nations further used them to put their conquests on display. These same maps were then used to cement territorial claims, such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "91634", "score": "1.0298901", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of Africa", "text": "the early part of the 19th century was undergoing its Industrial Revolution. Nationalist rivalries and prestige were at play. Acquiring African colonies would show rivals that a nation was powerful and significant. These factors culminated in the Scramble for Africa. Knowledge of Africa increased. Numerous European explorers began to explore the continent. Mungo Park traversed the Niger River. James Bruce travelled through Ethiopia and located the source of the Blue Nile. Richard Francis Burton was the first European at Lake Tanganyika. Samuel White Baker explored the Upper Nile. John Hanning Speke located a source of the Nile at Lake Victoria.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "187343", "score": "1.0269296", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "During the last Ice Age" ]

[ { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "(meaning \"caterpillar\"), \"gurt\" meaning \"large\", \"nammit\" (a mid-morning snack) and \"gallybagger\" (\"scarecrow\", and now the name of a local cheese). There remains occasional confusion between the Isle of Wight as a county and its former position within Hampshire. The island was regarded and administered as a part of Hampshire until 1890, when its distinct identity was recognised with the formation of Isle of Wight County Council (see also \"Politics of the Isle of Wight\"). However, it remained a part of Hampshire until the local government reforms of 1974 when it became a full ceremonial county with its own Lord Lieutenant.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202156", "score": "1.192326", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "status is a perennial source of friction. It was planned to merge the county back into Hampshire as a district in the 1974 local government reform, but a last minute change led to it retaining its county council. However, since there was no provision made in the Local Government Act 1972 for unitary authorities, the Island had to retain a two-tier structure, with a county council and two boroughs, Medina and South Wight. The borough councils were merged with the county council on 1 April 1995, to form a single unitary authority, the Isle of Wight Council. The only significant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035566", "score": "1.154301", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "are retained in the county archaeological centre. From about 685-686 the island can be considered part of Wessex, and after the West Saxon kings ruled all England, then part of England. The Anglo Saxon Chronicle tells how \"Wiht-land\" suffered from Viking raids: \"\"And then another time they lay in the Isle of Wight, and meanwhile ate out of Hampshire and of Sussex\"\". Alfred the Great's navy defeated the Danes in 871 after they had \"ravaged Devon and the Isle of Wight\". Around 900 the kingdom was divided into shires, and the island became part of the shire of Hampshire. During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035541", "score": "1.1473929", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "the mainland about 125,000 years ago, during the Ipswichian interglacial. Like the rest of the UK, the island has an oceanic climate, but is somewhat milder and sunnier, which makes it a holiday destination. It also has a longer growing season. Lower Ventnor and the neighbouring Undercliff have a particular microclimate, because of their sheltered position south of the downs. The island enjoys 1,800–2,100 hours of sunshine a year. Some years have almost no snow in winter, and only a few days of hard frost. The island is in Hardiness zone 9. The Isle of Wight is one of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202150", "score": "1.1459615", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England", "text": "changed the administrative map of England. The changes were carried out in several waves. On 1 April 1995, the Isle of Wight became a single unitary authority. It had previously had a two-tier structure with an Isle of Wight County Council, Medina Borough Council and South Wight Borough Council. Also on this day, two small areas were ceded from Surrey and Buckinghamshire to Berkshire, giving it a border with Greater London. On 1 April 1996, the unpopular counties of Avon, Humberside and Cleveland were abolished and their former area divided into unitary districts. Also at this time, the city of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6127420", "score": "1.1212362", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "the last Ice Age, about 8–9000 years ago, as sea levels rose, and the land of southern Britain sunk due to the post-glacial rebound of the north that had been under the ice. This flooded the former river valley of the Solent to the north, and the future English Channel to the south, and cut Wight off from the island of Britain. Once open to the sea, tidal scouring widened the Solent. The first inhabitants are assumed to have been hunter-gatherers migrating by land during the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) period, as the ice age began to recede and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035527", "score": "1.1186671", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "inhabitants of southern Britain at this time may indeed have been Germanic, rather than Celtic, which could re-open the possibility of the island's name having Germanic roots. The Romans occupied southern Britain, including the Isle of Wight, for nearly four hundred years. The Romans built no towns on the island, but it became an agricultural centre, and at least seven Roman villas are known. The Roman villas at Newport and Brading have been excavated and are open to the public. When fully developed around 300 AD, Brading was probably the largest on the Island, being a courtyard villa with impressive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035535", "score": "1.1133502", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Politics of the Isle of Wight", "text": "county back into Hampshire as a district in the 1974 local government reform, but a last minute change led to it retaining its county council. However, since there was no provision made in the Local Government Act 1972 for unitary authorities, the Island had to retain a two-tier structure, with a county council and two boroughs, Medina and South Wight. The borough councils were merged with the county council on 1 April 1995 to form a single unitary authority, the Isle of Wight Council, as recommended by the Local Government Commission for England. The only significant present-day administrative link with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4729940", "score": "1.112789", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "are considered approximate) by Caedwalla, a Wessex King. He writes: \"After Caedwalla had obtained possession of the kingdom of the Gewissae, he took also the Isle of Wight, which till then was entirely given over to idolatry, and by merciless slaughter, endeavoured to destroy all the inhabitants thereof, and to place in their stead people from his own province; binding himself by a vow, though it is said that he was not yet regenerated in Christ, to give the fourth part of the land and of the spoil to the Lord, if he took the Island. He fulfilled this vow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035539", "score": "1.1118836", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "During the last Ice Age, sea levels were lower and the Solent was part of a river flowing south east from current day Poole Harbour towards mid-Channel. As sea levels rose, the river valley became flooded, and the chalk ridge line west of the Needles breached to form the island.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Politics of the Isle of Wight", "text": "six lost seats with the first MP for the whole Isle of Wight. Often thought of as part of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight was briefly included in that county when the first county councils were created in 1888. However, a \"Home Rule\" campaign led to a separate county council being established for the Isle of Wight in 1890, and it has remained separate ever since. Like inhabitants of many islands, Islanders are fiercely jealous of their real (or perceived) independence, and confusion over the Island's separate status is a perennial source of friction. It was planned to merge the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4729939", "score": "1.1002936", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "as the \"Fort of the Men of Wight\" (\"Wihtwarasburgh\"), or alternatively the fort may have been named after Wihtgar. It is believed that the island became a Jutish kingdom ruled by King Stuf and his successors, until 661 when it was invaded by Wulfhere of Mercia and forcibly converted to Christianity. When he returned to Mercia the island reverted to paganism. Arwald was its last Jutish King and the last pagan king in Anglo-Saxon England until the Vikings. Bede describes the invasion of the island in 686 (noting that Bede was writing fifty years later, and some of his dates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035538", "score": "1.0879495", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "The oldest records that give a name for the Isle of Wight are from the Roman Empire: it was then called \"Vectis\" or \"Vecta\" in Latin, \"Iktis\" or \"Ouiktis\" in Greek. From the Anglo-Saxon period Latin \"Vecta\", Old English \"Wiht\" and Old Welsh forms \"Gueid\" and \"Guith\" are recorded. In Domesday Book it is \"Wit\"; the modern Welsh name is \"Ynys Wyth\" (\"ynys\" = island). These are all variant forms of the same name, possibly Celtic in origin. It may mean \"place of the division\", because the island divides the two arms of the Solent. The Isle of Wight is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202142", "score": "1.0872868", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight Council", "text": "Isle of Wight Council The Isle of Wight Council is a unitary authority covering the Isle of Wight near the South coast of England. It is currently made up of 40 seats. Since the 2017 election, the Conservatives have held a majority of 25 and appointed Cllr Dave Stewart as leader of the council. The council was formed on 1 April 1995, replacing the Isle of Wight County Council and Medina and South Wight Borough Councils. Prior to 1998, the Liberals and then Liberal Democrats had dominated the Council. Between 1998 and 2005, it was under no overall control, ruled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3988319", "score": "1.0843521", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "Ships likely were important to the local economy. During the Dark Ages the island was settled by Jutes as the pagan kingdom of Wihtwara under King Arwald. In 685 it was invaded by Caedwalla, who tried to replace the inhabitants with his own followers. In 686 Arwald was defeated and the island became the last part of English lands to be converted to Christianity, added to Wessex and then becoming part of England under King Alfred the Great, included within the shire of Hampshire. It suffered especially from Viking raids, and was often used as a winter base by Viking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202134", "score": "1.0840605", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "for the whole Isle of Wight; Newport also retained its two MPs, though these were reduced to one in 1868 and eventually abolished completely in 1885. Often thought of as part of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight was briefly included in that county when the first county councils were created in 1888. However, a \"Home Rule\" campaign led to a separate county council being established for the Isle of Wight in 1890, and it has remained separate ever since. Like inhabitants of many islands, Islanders are fiercely jealous of their real (or perceived) independence, and confusion over the Island's separate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035565", "score": "1.0812069", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "fifth centuries AD, Roman troops and officials had withdrawn from Britain. In Bede's ecclesiastical history, \"Vecta\" [sic], along with parts of Hampshire and most of Kent, was settled by Jutes. According to the \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\", Cerdic and his son Cynric conquered the island in 530. The \"Chronicle\" states that after Cerdic died in 534, the island was given to his nephews Stuf and Wihtgar. However, it is uncertain whether \"Wihtgar\", who is believed to have died in 544, was a real person or came from a misunderstood place name. The \"Men of Wight\" were known as \"Wihtwara\". Carisbrooke was known", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035537", "score": "1.0752091", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "present-day administrative link with Hampshire is the police service, the Hampshire Constabulary, which is joint between Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. From the closing decades of the 20th century onwards, there has been considerable debate on the Island over whether or not a bridge or tunnel should connect the island with mainland England. The Isle of Wight Party campaigned from a positive position, although extensive public debate on the subject revealed a strong body of opinion amongst islanders against such a proposal. In 2002 the Isle of Wight Council debated the issue and made a policy statement against the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035567", "score": "1.0742091", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Local Government Commission for England (1992)", "text": "\"early wins\" in Cleveland, Humberside and Avon. The first recommendation, published in 1993, was the quite uncontroversial one to make Isle of Wight a unitary authority. The island had been split between South Wight and Medina boroughs, with an Isle of Wight County Council, since 1974. Three more final reports, for Cleveland, Derbyshire and Durham, were published in November 1993. In both Derbyshire and Durham, unitary authorities would be created covering the large urban areas, but the rest of the county would remain two-tier in structure. A new Secretary of State, John Selwyn Gummer, had taken over in May, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8839883", "score": "1.0736557", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "South Wight", "text": "district councils. South Wight South Wight was a non-metropolitan district with the status of a borough on the Isle of Wight in England from 1974 to 1995. The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of Sandown-Shanklin and Ventnor urban districts and Isle of Wight Rural District. It was one of two districts on the island formed in 1974 - the other was Medina. Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, the borough was abolished on 1 April 1995, when a single Isle of Wight Council replaced the island's county council", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763626", "score": "1.0733105", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "South Wight", "text": "South Wight South Wight was a non-metropolitan district with the status of a borough on the Isle of Wight in England from 1974 to 1995. The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of Sandown-Shanklin and Ventnor urban districts and Isle of Wight Rural District. It was one of two districts on the island formed in 1974 - the other was Medina. Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, the borough was abolished on 1 April 1995, when a single Isle of Wight Council replaced the island's county council and two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763625", "score": "1.0722277", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "evolving over the years into a Captaincy and eventually a Governorship). It is sometimes said there was a brief interruption in 1444 when Henry Beauchamp was crowned King of the Isle of Wight, with King Henry VI placing the crown on his head; the regal title supposedly expired when he died heirless in 1446. But there little evidence to support this story. Henry VIII developed the Royal Navy and its permanent base at Portsmouth, and ordered fortifications to be built at Yarmouth, Cowes, East Cowes and Sandown, sometimes using stone from the dissolved monasteries. The French invaded the island on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035551", "score": "1.0671473", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "the abolition of its two borough councils and restructuring of the county council as Isle of Wight Council in 1995, it has been a unitary authority. Elections in the constituency have traditionally been a battle between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. Andrew Turner of the Conservative Party gained the seat from Peter Brand of the Lib Dems at the 2001 general election. Since 2009, Turner was embroiled in controversy over his expenses, health, and relationships with colleagues, with local Conservatives having tried but failed to remove him in the runup to the 2015 general election. He stood down prior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202153", "score": "1.0671366", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "named Isle of Wight. Other notable examples include: The Isle of Wight was: Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight (; also referred to informally as The Island or abbreviated to IoW) is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England. It is in the English Channel, between 2 and 5 miles off the coast of Hampshire, separated by the Solent. The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times, and is known for its mild climate, coastal scenery, and verdant landscape of fields, downland and chines. The island has been home to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202185", "score": "1.066855", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Politics of the Isle of Wight", "text": "Politics of the Isle of Wight As a geographical entity distinct from the mainland, the Isle of Wight has always fought to have this identity recognised. The Isle of Wight is currently a ceremonial and Non-metropolitan county and as it has no district councils (only the county council) it is effectively a unitary county. The island is also the highest populated Westminster constituency in the country. Historically, the island was part of the historic county of Hampshire, previously called Southamptonshire. The island's most ancient borough was Newtown on the large natural harbour on the island's north-western coast. A French raid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4729937", "score": "1.0659506", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "day Poole Harbour towards mid-Channel. As sea levels rose, the river valley became flooded, and the chalk ridge line west of the Needles breached to form the island. The Isle of Wight is first mentioned in writing in \"Geography\" by Ptolemy. Bronze Age Britain had large reserves of tin in the areas of Cornwall and Devon and tin is necessary to smelt bronze. At that time the sea level was much lower and carts of tin were brought across the Solent at low tide for export, possibly on the Ferriby Boats. Anthony Snodgrass suggests that a shortage of tin, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202130", "score": "1.0651313", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Solent", "text": "many valleys creating today's characteristic rias, such as Southampton Water and Poole Harbour, as well as submerging the Solent. The estuary of the Solent River was gradually flooded, and eventually the Isle of Wight became separated from the mainland as the chalk ridge between The Needles on the island and Old Harry Rocks on the mainland was eroded. This is thought to have happened about 7,500 years ago. The process of coastal change is still continuing, with the soft cliffs on some parts of the Solent, such as Fort Victoria, constantly eroding, whilst other parts, such as Ryde Sands, are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534526", "score": "1.0648531", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "History of the Isle of Wight", "text": "In 1006 the Chronicle records: \"\"when it drew near to winter, the army travelled home, and after Martinmas the raiding-army came to its secure base on the Isle of Wight and there provided themselves everywhere whatever they needed\"\", and then records raids that they made from there into southern England. In 1013 Sweyn began a more concerted invasion, and Ethelred was forced to flee to the island: \"\"And then at midwinter the King turned from the fleet to the Isle of Wight, and was there for the season; and after the season turned across the sea to Richard [of Normandy],", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035543", "score": "1.0639434", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight", "text": "Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight (; also referred to informally as The Island or abbreviated to IoW) is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England. It is in the English Channel, between 2 and 5 miles off the coast of Hampshire, separated by the Solent. The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times, and is known for its mild climate, coastal scenery, and verdant landscape of fields, downland and chines. The island has been home to the poets Swinburne and Tennyson and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "202126", "score": "1.0609853", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Isle of Wight (UK Parliament constituency)", "text": "the unitary authority, Isle of Wight Council: a diamond-shaped island with rounded oblique corners, measuring by , the Needles and similar small uninhabitable rocks of very small square surface area. The island is linked by ferry crossings from four points (five points if counting West Cowes and East Cowes separately) to three points in Hampshire: Lymington, Southampton and Portsmouth. Its electorate of 110,924 () is, by more than 30,000 electors, the largest in the UK, more than 50% above the English average: 71,537, and five times the size of the smallest seat: Na h-Eileanan an Iar, formerly known as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4973873", "score": "1.0595502", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Charles County", "Calvert County", "Montgomery County", "Washington metropolitan area", "Prince George's County", "Frederick County" ]

[ { "title": "ZIP Code", "text": "Previously, many inner suburbs, such as Bethesda and Takoma Park, Oxon Hill, Temple Hills, Suitland, and Capitol Heights had been in the Washington, D.C., postal area. As a result of the change, ZIP Codes in Maryland beginning with 200 were changed to new ZIP Codes beginning with 207, 208 or 209, depending on their location, and ZIP Codes straddling the D.C.-Maryland line were split. For example, 20016 (Bethesda) became 20816, while the Maryland portion of 20012 (Takoma Park) became 20912. Delivery services other than the USPS, such as FedEx, United Parcel Service, and DHL, require a ZIP Code for optimal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "620906", "score": "0.9437547", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Norbeck, Maryland", "text": "is one of small streets with a rural atmosphere. The side streets were developed some time ago, prior to the massive spread of the Washington suburbs. As such, there are many areas of woods and mature trees, and no commercial development. It is also very convenient to many Washington DC areas, with Rockville Pike's commercial corridor being a quick drive west on Route 28, the District being south on Georgia Avenue, and Baltimore and other parts of Maryland to the east. Being on the outer edge of the densest part of suburban Washington DC, it is also now an area", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9426643", "score": "0.9376527", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Maryland", "text": "suburbs of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore—lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with flat topography and sandy or muddy soil. This region has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen \"Cfa\"), with hot, humid summers and a short, mild to cool winter; it falls under USDA Hardiness zone 8a. The Piedmont region—which includes northern and western greater Baltimore, Westminster, Gaithersburg, Frederick, and Hagerstown—has average seasonal snowfall totals generally exceeding and, as part of USDA Hardiness zones 7b and 7a, temperatures below are less rare. From the Cumberland Valley on westward, the climate begins to transition to a humid continental climate (Köppen \"Dfa\"). In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "247572", "score": "0.9358855", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Maryland wine", "text": "interrupted on the Maryland side by Washington D.C.. The Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state, and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Maryland has a wide array of climates for a state of its size. The climate depends on a number of variables from proximity to water, elevation, and protection from northern weather due to downslope winds. The eastern half of Maryland lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with very flat topography and very sandy or muddy soil. This region has a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and mild to cool", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11236570", "score": "0.9341434", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington", "text": "a day, 7 days a week. The National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington forecast office provides programming for eight NOAA Weather Radio stations. National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington The National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington is a local office of the National Weather Service responsible for monitoring weather conditions in 44 counties in eastern West Virginia, northern and central Virginia, the majority of the state of Maryland, as well as the city of Washington, D.C.. Although labeled as the NWS Baltimore/Washington, its actual location is off Old Ox Road (Virginia State Route 606) in the Dulles section of Sterling, Virginia, adjacent to Washington Dulles International", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15563895", "score": "0.9189915", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington", "text": "National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington The National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington is a local office of the National Weather Service responsible for monitoring weather conditions in 44 counties in eastern West Virginia, northern and central Virginia, the majority of the state of Maryland, as well as the city of Washington, D.C.. Although labeled as the NWS Baltimore/Washington, its actual location is off Old Ox Road (Virginia State Route 606) in the Dulles section of Sterling, Virginia, adjacent to Washington Dulles International Airport. The NWS Baltimore/Washington currently employs about 25 people including meteorologists, support personnel, and management staff, working rotating shifts 24 hours", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15563894", "score": "0.9033166", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Area codes 703 and 571", "text": "safe distance from the Washington metro area, such as Roanoke and the Tri-Cities. By the end of the 1980s, the D. C. area was running out of numbers, so the partial overlay of 202 was ended in 1990. However, it soon became apparent that breaking seven-digit dialing in the Washington area would not free up enough numbers to keep up with demand on either side of the Potomac River. The number shortage was exacerbated by the fact that most of the Washington metro area is a single LATA, meaning that many numbers in both the District and in Maryland were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8515610", "score": "0.8952888", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Maryland", "text": "location. Amtrak trains, including the high speed Acela Express serve Baltimore's Penn Station, BWI Airport, New Carrollton, and Aberdeen along the Washington D.C. to Boston Northeast Corridor. In addition, train service is provided to Rockville and Cumberland by Amtrak's Washington, D.C., to Chicago Capitol Limited. The WMATA's Metrorail rapid transit and Metrobus local bus systems (the 2nd and 6th busiest in the nation of their respective modes) provide service in Montgomery and Prince George's counties and connect them to Washington D.C., with the express Metrobus \"Route B30\" serving BWI Airport. The Maryland Transit Administration (often abbreviated as \"MTA Maryland\"), a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "247634", "score": "0.8927245", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Central office code protection", "text": "suburbs in 1991. Since the Washington local access and transport area (LATA) spills into portions of Maryland and Virginia, every number in the area that was in Maryland's area code 301 and northern Virginia's area code 703 was given a \"hidden\" number in the District's area code 202. However, this meant that if a central office code was in use in any portion of the metro area, it could not be used even in areas a safe distance from Washington such as southwestern Virginia or the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Even if a city is not directly on an area", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18470679", "score": "0.892177", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Washington metropolitan area", "text": "The Washington metropolitan area is the metropolitan area centered on Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The area includes all of the federal district and parts of the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia, along with a small portion of West Virginia. While not a part of the Washington metropolitan area, St. Mary's County is part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "University of Maryland, College Park", "text": "park inside the Washington, D.C., Capital Beltway, known as \"M Square.\" The University of Maryland's location near Washington, D.C. has created strong research partnerships with government agencies. Many of the faculty members have funding from federal agencies such as the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, NASA, the Department of Homeland Security, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National Security Agency. These relationships have created numerous research opportunities for the university including: The University of Maryland Libraries provide access to scholarly information resources required to meet the missions of the university. The University of Maryland", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12582455", "score": "0.88598937", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Interstate 95 in Maryland", "text": "a major north–south route into southern D.C. The two Interstates continue along the Capital Beltway, interchanging with various local highways such as MD 5 (Branch Avenue) and MD 4 (Pennsylvania Avenue) on either side of Andrews Air Force Base, which the Beltway travels very close to near its northern edge. Turning north past the MD 4 interchange, the Beltway runs through Glenarden, interchanging with MD 202, US 50/secret Interstate 595, and MD 450, the latter route offering access to the New Carrollton metro station and the New Carrollton area. Turning northwest the Beltway enters Greenbelt Park, intersecting the Baltimore-Washington Parkway", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7405237", "score": "0.8842217", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Area codes 410, 443, and 667", "text": "on the Maryland side of the metro, as well as in northern Virginia's area code 703, was given a \"hidden\" number in 202, making it possible to complete a call within the metro area with only seven digits. One consequence of this was that a central office prefix could only be duplicated in areas considered to be at a safe distance from the Washington area. Thus, if a 202-574 number was in use in the District or a 703-574 number was in use in northern Virginia, the corresponding 301-574 number could only be assigned in the Eastern Shore. The partial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7282207", "score": "0.8836671", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)", "text": "Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Near Northeast is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by North Capitol Street to the west, Florida Avenue to the north, F Street to the south, and 15th Street to the east. Once a patchwork of several different landowners' claims, most of the land had been ceded to one landowner, Notley Young, under the name of Youngsborough by the 1790s. Youngsborough was included shortly thereafter in the original survey of land for the new national capital, and Young and a few other landowners gave the land to the Federal government in exchange for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7513551", "score": "0.87965125", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Maryland", "text": "and Appalachia more than they do the rest of Maryland. Both eastern and western Maryland are, however, dotted with cities of regional importance, such as Ocean City, Princess Anne, and Salisbury on the Eastern Shore and Cumberland, Frostburg, and Hancock in Western Maryland. Southern Maryland is still somewhat rural, but suburbanization from Washington, D.C. has encroached significantly since the 1960s; important local population centers include Lexington Park, Prince Frederick, and Waldorf. In 1970 the Census Bureau reported Maryland's population as 17.8 percent African-American and 80.4 percent non-Hispanic White. African Americans form a sizable portion of the state's population – nearly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "247605", "score": "0.8789266", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)", "text": "on their location: Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Near Northeast is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by North Capitol Street to the west, Florida Avenue to the north, F Street to the south, and 15th Street to the east. Once a patchwork of several different landowners' claims, most of the land had been ceded to one landowner, Notley Young, under the name of Youngsborough by the 1790s. Youngsborough was included shortly thereafter in the original survey of land for the new national capital, and Young and a few other landowners gave the land to the Federal government", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7513565", "score": "0.8785838", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Special Flight Rules Area", "text": "Within the ADIZ is an even more sensitive zone designated the \"Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area Flight Restricted Zone\" (DC FRZ). The DC FRZ extends approximately around the DCA VOR/DME. Flight within the FRZ is restricted to governmental, certain scheduled commercial and a limited set of waivered flights. Three general aviation airports (known as the \"Maryland 3\" or the \"DC 3\") are located inside the DC FRZ: College Park Airport (CGS), Washington Executive/Hyde Field (W32), and Potomac Airport (VKX). Pilots' groups, led by the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), have argued that the ADIZ is unnecessary and has a harmful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3090156", "score": "0.8785739", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Effects of Hurricane Isabel in Maryland and Washington, D.C.", "text": "were affected in Central Maryland, with severe storm surge flooding reported in Baltimore and Annapolis. Washington, D.C., sustained moderate damage, primarily from the winds. Throughout Maryland and Washington, damage totaled about $945 million (2003 USD, ($ USD), with only one fatality due to flooding. While Isabel was still over the western Atlantic Ocean as a Category 5 hurricane, forecasters predicted the storm would move northwestward and within five days be at a position 130 miles (210 km) east-southeast of Ocean City, Maryland as a 115 mph (185 km/h) major hurricane. By four days before Isabel made landfall, most computer models", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9398911", "score": "0.87727034", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Northeast Boundary", "text": "opened in Watts Branch Park. The two-story, facility replaced the one-story Watts Branch Recreation Center. The Capitol Heights Washington Metro station (Blue and Silver Lines) a few blocks east across the border in Maryland is the nearest subway station. The hilly terrain of the neighborhood and small scale of the street grid network has tended to inhibit Metrobus service in the neighborhood. Northeast Boundary Northeast Boundary is small neighborhood located in the northeast quadrant of Washington, D.C., in the United States. Along with the Capitol View neighborhood, it is the easternmost neighborhood of the District of Columbia. The borders of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9288329", "score": "0.8764604", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Fort Washington, Maryland", "text": "office. About 1980 the postal service split the Fort Washington area from Oxon Hill, defining it as a separate town name. At that time, to make mail sorting easier, they drew the boundary between the two communities to conform to already existing zip code boundaries. The end result sometimes confuses people, since the northern end of the Fort Washington postal area (near the Beltway) identifies more with the communities Oxon Hill or Temple Hills / Camp Springs but still uses a Fort Washington mailing address. Fort Washington is located at (38.743481, -77.010383). According to the United States Census Bureau, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1093057", "score": "0.87580395", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Camp Springs, Maryland", "text": ". According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.19%, is water. Joint Base Andrews, home base of the Air Force Systems Command and the official presidential airplane \"Air Force One\", is adjacent to Camp Springs, and the base in particular, along with federal jobs in Washington, D.C., were major reasons for the community's original development. The Capital Beltway passes through the area, and the Washington Metro Branch Avenue station, southern terminus of the Green Line, is located nearby. The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission operates a year-round", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1092867", "score": "0.8744924", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Maryland", "text": "for decades. The highest point in Maryland, with an elevation of , is Hoye Crest on Backbone Mountain, in the southwest corner of Garrett County, near the border with West Virginia, and near the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac River. Close to the small town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state, there are between its borders. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, and the northwards-arching Potomac River to the south. Portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "247562", "score": "0.8707458", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Boring Company", "text": "utility permit for the construction of the Baltimore-Washington tunnel from the Maryland’s Department of Transportation. This part of the tunnel - some 35 miles between Penn Station in Baltimore to Washington Union Station - will start near Fort Meade. The October 2017 Maryland government permit for utilities indicated that construction could begin in January 2018 on two parallel electric-sled tunnels that would run from Maryland Route 175 to downtown Baltimore terminating near Camden Yards. The New York to Washington, D.C. Hyperloop, which Musk has claimed will take 29 minutes to travel from city center to city center, could be built", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20007198", "score": "0.86915874", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Maryland Transit Administration", "text": "105, 115, 120, 150, 154, 160, and 164. Independent bus companies operate 26 commuter bus routes in the Washington D.C. and Baltimore regions. There are five Baltimore-bound bus lines numbered in the 300 and 400 range; while the sixteen Washington-bound bus lines are numbered in the 600 and 900 range. These routes range from 310 through 995. Buses travelling on MD 200 are numbered in the 200 range. Five routes ranging 201 through 205. This system operates elevated and underground from a corporate and shopping complex in Owings Mills in Baltimore County into the heart of Downtown Baltimore City's business,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2261287", "score": "0.8669453", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Effects of Hurricane Isabel in Maryland and Washington, D.C.", "text": "predicted Isabel to make landfall between North Carolina and New Jersey. On September 16, about two days before the hurricane struck land, the National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane watch for the southern region of the Maryland coastline on the Chesapeake Bay. Later that day, a tropical storm watch was issued for the eastern Maryland coastline, which was upgraded to a tropical storm warning by about 24 hours before landfall. Officials recommended the citizens on Smith Island to evacuate on the day prior to the hurricane making landfall, the only evacuations for the Eastern shore of Maryland. Mandatory evacuations were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9398912", "score": "0.86628556", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Burtonsville, Maryland", "text": "Survey as a populated place located at (39.107475, −76.934115). Baltimore is located about 21 miles northeast of Burtonsville. Washington is located about 15 miles southwest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the place has a total area of , of which is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km², or 1.88%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,305 people, 2,480 households, and 1,919 families residing in the area. The population density was 935.1 people per square mile (361.1/km²). There were 2,533 housing units at an average density of 324.3/sq mi (125.2/km²). The racial makeup of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1090791", "score": "0.8646364", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Union Square, Baltimore", "text": "MARC Train beginning in the northeastern corner of the state at Havre de Grace, Maryland|Havre de Grace]] at the head of the Chesapeake Bay down to Baltimore and onto Washington, D.C. 40 miles away. Surrounding the city is the encircling Baltimore Beltway which is also Interstate 695 and connects via four parallel highways, from east to west: Interstate 95, then the Baltimore-Washington Parkway which is also (Md. Route 295 and Interstate 295), and the old historic Washington Boulevard from colonial times now of U.S. Route 1, and further to the west is U.S. Route 29, all connecting to the Capital", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7738547", "score": "0.86427605", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Maryland", "text": "West Virginia and Virginia. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by District of Columbia, which sits on land that was originally part of Montgomery and Prince George's counties and including the town of Georgetown, Maryland. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia. (The Commonwealth of Virginia gave land south of the Potomac, including the town of Alexandria, Virginia, however Virginia retroceded its portion in 1846). The Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the \"Eastern Shore\". Most of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "247560", "score": "0.86287844", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area", "text": "DC–VA–MD–WV MSA and the Baltimore–Columbia–Towson, MD MSA. In addition, six other smaller urban areas not contiguous to the main urban area but having strong commuting ties with the main area are also included in the metropolitan area. These are: the Hagerstown–Martinsburg, MD–WV MSA, the Chambersburg–Waynesboro, PA MSA, the Winchester, VA–WV MSA, the California–Lexington Park, MD MSA, the Easton, MD micropolitan statistical area (µSA), and the Cambridge, MD µSA. Some counties such as Caroline and King George County, Virginia are not officially designated by the OMB as members of this metropolitan area, but still consider themselves members anyway. This is mostly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2255584", "score": "0.8623457", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Hereford Zone, Maryland", "text": "for schools in the surrounding areas to be 2 hours late, while the Hereford Zone is closed due to inclement weather. Near the most northern part of the zone in the topmost strip where Baltimore County meets south central Pennsylvania, numerous mini tornadoes and wind storms zip through the fields unfettered by buildings or natural land changes to halt their progress. The air quality in the area is markedly different from that of the suburbs of Baltimore City to the south. Both the land elevation as it climbs from sea level to 966' at the Mason-Dixon Line near Stiltz, Pa.,on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5245023", "score": "0.8612259", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "2011" ]

[ { "title": "Tom Coughlin", "text": "the season, and they made it to the playoffs for the third year in a row. Coughlin and the Giants had their first playoff win in seven years when his team defeated the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on January 6, 2008, 24–14. The Giants immediately followed up their win against Tampa Bay by narrowly defeating the Dallas Cowboys in the Divisional Playoffs, winning 21–17, preventing Dallas from beating them for the third time in the season. The upset victory over the Cowboys was followed up by a 23–20 overtime victory against the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4777151", "score": "1.1430627", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2006 New York Giants season", "text": "attempts. Towards the end of the third quarter, a chant of \"Fire Coughlin\" rained down from the rafters of Giants Stadium from fans disgruntled with the Giants' play in the second half of the season. Amazingly, the Giants were still mathematically alive for the NFC's final wild card spot, tied with four other teams at 7–8. Quarterback Coach Kevin Gilbride took over the play calling this week, and the Giants went back to what worked in 2005, the running game. Tiki Barber, in his final regular season game as a Giant, played the best game of his career, rushing for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8727461", "score": "1.1248901", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants (1979–93)", "text": "to finish with a 3-12-1 record, including a 1-6-1 division record and a 1-7 home record (their only win was the game against the Packers; they defeated the Eagles at Veterans Stadium and their first win came at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium against the Falcons). Brunner had a subpar season, completing just 49.2% of his passes and throwing 9 touchdowns against 22 interceptions. Parcells ignored fans' protests and stuck with Brunner, although third stringer Jeff Rutledge saw considerable action. Finally, in a week six game against the Eagles, he brought Simms back to thunderous fan applause, only to see him suffer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9886409", "score": "1.1199313", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2008 New York Giants season", "text": "in the game, but couldn't recover an onside kick and the Eagles won the game. Despite falling to 11–2, the Giants clinched the NFC East title when the Dallas Cowboys lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers 20–13. The second-to-last NFL game ever to be played at Texas Stadium was a defensive struggle that featured the Giants' weakest offensive showing of the year. Brandon Jacobs was sidelined with a knee injury, crippling New York's running game; Derrick Ward started in his place. The Cowboys scored first, on a 34-yard touchdown pass from Tony Romo to Patrick Crayton early in the second quarter.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11522967", "score": "1.1065542", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants (1979–93)", "text": "Hostetler. They won their first three games, and five of their first six. The defense was back to its Parcells-era levels and allowed more than 20 points once all season. With two games to go, the Giants were 11–3 and battling for an Eastern Division crown and a first round bye. However, they were upset by Phoenix, 17–6, in the next to last week of the season, setting up a winner–take–all game against the Dallas Cowboys in the season finale. Though the Giants played well, it was Emmitt Smith's memorable performance with a separated shoulder that led the Cowboys to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9886455", "score": "1.1024401", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2007–08 NFL playoffs", "text": "would also turn out to be the final playoff game at Texas Stadium. The Giants scored on their opening drive when Eli Manning threw a pass to Amani Toomer, who caught the pass on a curl route at the Dallas 39 before spinning away from the defense and running down left sideline for a 52-yard touchdown reception. Following an exchange of punts, Dallas running back Marion Barber rushed twice for 56 yards on a 9-play, 95-yard drive that ended with Romo's 5-yard touchdown pass to Terrell Owens. Then after a punt, Dallas scored on one of the longest drives in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10873057", "score": "1.1016771", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants (1979–93)", "text": "San Francisco 49ers 17–10. They defeated the Los Angeles Rams 10–7 and the St. Louis Cardinals 20–10 setting up a season finale against the Dallas Cowboys, in which a win, along with a New York Jets victory over the Green Bay Packers the next day, would clinch a playoff spot for the Giants. Wearing their white jerseys at home (so as to force the Cowboys to wear their \"unlucky\" blue jerseys) the Giants won the game 13–10 in overtime on a Joe Danelo field goal. The Jets defeated the Packers, clinching the Giants' their first playoff berth since 1963. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9886404", "score": "1.0966445", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Fran Tarkenton", "text": "win nine of 10 and move into position to win the NFC East division championship in week 14. However, New York was routed 31-3 by the Los Angeles Rams at Yankee Stadium, leaving the Giants 9-5, one game behind the division champion Dallas Cowboys and the wild card Detroit Lions. 1970 was the closest the Giants came to making the playoffs during a 17-year drought, spanning the 1964 through 1980 seasons. Tarkenton was traded back to Minnesota in 1972, for three players (Norm Snead, Bob Grim and Vince Clements), plus a first and second round draft choice. He led the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1944764", "score": "1.0959866", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants (1979–93)", "text": "a 16–13 overtime win, giving the Cowboys a sweep of the season series. Despite the loss, the Giants made the playoffs as a Wild Card and won their first round game 17–10 over the Minnesota Vikings. However, they were then defeated by the San Francisco 49ers 44–3, in their worst performance of the season in the second round. As he had done in 1984 when Bill Parcells restored him to the starting quarterback's job, Phil Simms responded with a solid season in 1993. Playing in all 16 games, he completed almost 62% of his passes, threw for over 3,000 yards,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9886456", "score": "1.0944649", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "New York Giants", "text": "in 1925, and is the only one of that group still existing, as well as the league's longest-established team in the Northeastern United States. The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL championship titles: four in the pre–Super Bowl era (1927, 1934, 1938, 1956) and four since the advent of the Super Bowl (Super Bowls XXI (1986), XXV (1990), XLII (2007), and XLVI (2011)), along with more championship appearances than any other team, with 19 overall appearances. Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers (13) and Chicago Bears (9). Throughout their history, the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Bill Parcells", "text": "break his contract with the Giants and he stayed in New York. Parcells led the Giants to a second Super Bowl in 1990. The Giants began the 1990 season 10–0, and finished 13–3, but lost Simms to injury late in the season. Playing with a back-up quarterback in Jeff Hostetler and a 33-year-old veteran running back in Ottis Anderson, the Giants convincingly defeated the Chicago Bears in the divisional playoff, 31–3, and won in dramatic, come-from-behind fashion over San Francisco, 15–13, in the NFC Championship on a last-second 42-yard field goal by Matt Bahr which was set up by a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2057374", "score": "1.0942016", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "New York Giants", "text": "the San Francisco 49ers in Candlestick Park in the Wild Card round. The Giants built up a sizable lead throughout the game, and led 38–14 with 4:27 left in the third quarter. However, San Francisco rallied to win the game by one point, with the final score of 39–38. After a dismal 2003 season in which the Giants finished with a 4–12 record, Jim Fassel was released by the Giants. His head coaching record with the Giants during this time was 58–53–1. In 2004, three years after their last Super Bowl appearance, Fassel was replaced by Tom Coughlin. Although Collins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289078", "score": "1.0936427", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Eli Manning", "text": "and two touchdowns with no interceptions. The Giants were the first team to beat an NFC number one seed in the divisional round since the start of the 12-team format in 1990. This victory secured an NFC Championship berth against the Green Bay Packers on Sunday, January 20, 2008. In the NFC Championship, the Giants beat the Packers in overtime, with a score of 23-20. The dramatic victory secured Manning and the Giants a trip to Super Bowl XLII. This was the first Super Bowl appearance for the New York Giants since Super Bowl XXXV in 2001, and their first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3034525", "score": "1.090169", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Eli Manning", "text": "at home, leading them into a 4-game skid and once again putting their postseason hopes in jeopardy. However, unlike the previous three seasons, the Giants would finish strong, winning three of their last four games. This included a key win over their crosstown rival New York Jets as well as a sweep of their fellow division rival Dallas Cowboys. In the final regular season game against the Cowboys, Manning threw for 346 yards and three touchdowns, giving the Giants the win, the NFC East title, and a playoff berth for the first time in three years. He earned a Pro", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3034546", "score": "1.0867164", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2007–08 NFL playoffs", "text": "intercepted a Tony Romo pass in the end zone to preserve a victory over the Cowboys, who had defeated New York twice during the season. The win marked the first time in 20 years that the NFC's #1 seeded team had been eliminated in the divisional round, the first time it had happened since the current playoff format was instituted in 1990, and sent the Cowboys home with their sixth consecutive playoff loss since 1996. The Giants advanced to their first NFC Championship Game since 2000 with the win and won their ninth consecutive game away from Giants Stadium. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10873056", "score": "1.0860323", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants (1979–93)", "text": "game 24–21. Their game against the Patriots was a de facto home game, as many Giants fans made the trip up to Foxborough to sell the stadium out. The Patriots, who came in 1-14 and on a 13-game losing streak in a scandal-plagued season, played the Giants better than expected, but missed a field goal that proved the difference as the Giants held on for a 13-10 win. The win secured a 13-3 record, and the playoff bye as the NFC's second seed. The team discipline Parcells installed was exemplified by the Giants setting the record for fewest turnovers in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9886439", "score": "1.0846441", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2009 New York Giants season", "text": "the fourth quarter, which boosted the Giants to their highest point total on the road since 1954. The Giants were still very much in the playoff picture, and hoping for losses by the Cowboys and Packers. This was the last game the Giants would ever play at the moribund Giants Stadium, but they had no time to be nostalgic—defeating the same Week 16 opponent they faced last year would make their path to the postseason slightly easier. The Panthers, starting Matt Moore at quarterback in place of the injured Jake Delhomme, quickly took control of the game, scoring on their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12853354", "score": "1.083982", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants (1994–present)", "text": "NFC top seed Dallas Cowboys, winning their ninth consecutive road game. In the NFC championship, kicker Lawrence Tynes made a final field goal for a 23–20 overtime win over the Packers in Green Bay. This made the Giants 4–0 in NFC championship games, and they advanced to Super Bowl XLII. In Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, the New York Giants defeated the New England Patriots 17–14. The biggest play of the game was on third down on the Giants 44-yard line with 1:15 remaining. They were down 14–10 After the snap, Manning ran back and was surrounded by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9936816", "score": "1.0834023", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1981 New York Giants season", "text": "season ended with a 38–24 loss to the San Francisco 49ers in the Divisional round. Heading into their last regular season game, the Giants needed a win over the Dallas Cowboys to remain in postseason contention. Dallas, the NFC East champions, required a victory against New York, along with a loss by the San Francisco 49ers, to clinch home-field advantage in the NFC playoffs. Neither team scored in the first half; Giants kicker Joe Danelo missed two field goal attempts from inside 30 yards in the first quarter. The Giants opened the scoring during their second possession of the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12513198", "score": "1.0814087", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Miracle at the Meadowlands", "text": "week, the Giants blew a 10-point lead over the 3–9 Buffalo Bills late in the game, giving up 27 points in the fourth quarter to lose 41–17. They would win only one more game the rest of the season, finishing with a 6–10 record. The sweep by Philadelphia ensured the Giants would finish last in the division (tied with the Cardinals) for the third straight season, extending their rut and further angering fans. The next year, the Eagles again earned a wild-card spot and then won their first post-merger playoff game over the Chicago Bears before falling to Tampa Bay.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5868530", "score": "1.0786209", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bill Parcells", "text": "former Giants head coach Tom Coughlin, have both made the NFL playoffs five times as Giants head coach, and the two Super Bowl titles they each have won with the Giants have occurred in their fourth and eighth seasons with the franchise, respectively. Following retirement, Parcells spent time as a football analyst for NBC Sports from 1991–1992, working as a commentator. He also hosted a local sports show in New York with Mike Francesa entitled \"Around the NFL\". In 1992, Parcells made a handshake agreement to become head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. At the last minute, Parcells opted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2057376", "score": "1.0782903", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "1958 NFL Championship Game", "text": "win over the defending champion Detroit Lions on December 7. In that game, New York fell behind late when the offense lost a fumble that was returned for a touchdown. Later on, however, the Giants stopped Detroit punter Yale Lary on a fake punt attempt and drove for the go-ahead score. They then secured the win by blocking a Lions field goal attempt as time expired in the game. In the final game of the regular season, the Giants defeated the Cleveland Browns with Pat Summerall's game-winning 49-yard field goal on the final play (the longest field goal made in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6332889", "score": "1.0774987", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Bill Parcells", "text": "Roger Craig fumble caused by nose tackle Erik Howard. Super Bowl XXV proved equally exciting as the Giants used tough defense, and a ball-control and power-running Erhardt – Perkins style offense to stop the Buffalo Bills, 20–19, whose own last-second 47-yard field goal attempt by Scott Norwood missed wide right. Parcells retired from football after Super Bowl XXV due to health problems. During his coaching tenure, the Giants had secured three division titles (1986, 1989, 1990), had only two losing seasons (the Giants went 6–9 during the strike year of 1987) and tallied an 8–3 playoff record. Parcells, along with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2057375", "score": "1.0772474", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2006 New York Giants season", "text": "the year, he hit on 57.7% of his passes, a near five percent improvement from 2005. Because the St. Louis Rams, the Carolina Panthers and the Houston Texans won their games the following day, the Giants clinched the strength of victory tiebreaker over the Green Bay Packers to clinch the final playoff spot in the NFC. The Giants became the eighth team in NFL history to make the playoffs with an 8–8 record. The Giants were defeated on a last second, 38-yard field goal by the Philadelphia Eagles' David Akers in their first round playoff game to finish the 2006", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8727466", "score": "1.0770919", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants", "text": "the first round of the playoffs, earning Manning and Coughlin their first playoff victories with the Giants. The next week, the Giants won their ninth consecutive road game by beating the top-seeded Dallas Cowboys 21–17. In the NFC championship game, Lawrence Tynes kicked an overtime field goal to give them a 23–20 road victory over the Green Bay Packers. In Super Bowl XLII, the Giants defeated the previously unbeaten New England Patriots 17–14. The signature play of the game came on a 3rd-and-5, with the Giants on their own 44-yard line, down 14–10, and 1:15 remaining in the 4th quarter.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7550251", "score": "1.0750537", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2005 New York Giants season", "text": "which had been set by Gene Roberts on November 12, 1950. The Giants were able to clinch at least a wild card berth without playing when the Minnesota Vikings fell to the Baltimore Ravens 30–23 in week 16. The Giants then won the NFC East title for the first time since 2000 with a 30–21 win against the Oakland Raiders. The team's appearance in the 2005 postseason was their 27th, tied with the Cowboys and the Rams for the most ever by an NFL team. While the Giants exceeded expectations in 2005, it came at the cost of key players", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10111732", "score": "1.0745459", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "San Francisco 49ers", "text": "in the 2001 regular season, the 49ers won the NFC West for the first time since 1997, with the division-clinching game coming on a last-second touchdown pass to Terrell Owens against the Dallas Cowboys. The 49ers finished 10–6. In the 2002–03 NFL playoffs they hosted the New York Giants in the . The Giants had a 38–14 lead late in the third quarter; however, the Giants defense, which had been highly ranked all year, began to collapse, and by the final minute in the 4th quarter Jeff Garcia had led the team back from the 24-point deficit to take a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "374813", "score": "1.0732346", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2012 New York Giants season", "text": "this time against the Washington Redskins. Washington had swept the Giants last year, and drafted quarterback Robert Griffin III with the second overall pick in the 2012 NFL Draft. The Redskins took a three-point lead late in the game, but a 77-yard touchdown pass from Manning to Victor Cruz in the last minutes of the game allowed the Giants to claim the victory. With the win, the Giants improved to 5–2 and won their first NFC East game of the season. The Giants visited the Dallas Cowboys, where they hoped to avenge their Week 1 home loss. Although the Giants", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16181181", "score": "1.0730685", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2001 New York Giants season", "text": "play, the 86 Lambuth Special play captured the imagination of the football world for the remainder of the season. The Giants would run the play again a week later, and even the Eagles would adopt the play and run it in the final play of the NFC Championship against the Rams in a last-ditch effort to score a game-winning touchdown. \"at Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey\" With the Giants out of playoff contention heading into the final week of the season, Giants Stadium was roughly half-filled for the season finale against the Packers even though official attendance was 78,601.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11649088", "score": "1.0717978", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "History of the New York Giants (1994–present)", "text": "Week 14 by beating the Cowboys in Dallas on a last-second scoring drive led by Eli Manning and extending their win streak in Cowboys Stadium to three straight games. Despite another loss to the Redskins afterwards, the Giants defeated the New York Jets in Week 16 by a final score of 29-14, also eliminating the Eagles from playoff contention, to set up a rematch with the Dallas Cowboys in which the winner would win the NFC East. The game was later flexed into Sunday Night Football. The Giants beat the Cowboys 31–14 to win the NFC East with a record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9936826", "score": "1.0703335", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "247.3 million" ]

[ { "title": "Bureau of Land Management", "text": "Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior that administers more than of public lands in the United States which constitutes one-eighth of the landmass of the country. President Harry S. Truman created the BLM in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the General Land Office and the Grazing Service. The agency manages the federal government's nearly of subsurface mineral estate located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the Homestead Act of 1862. Most BLM public lands are located in these", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648292", "score": "1.0884049", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Federal lands", "text": "acres in 2015) are administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Park Service (NPS), or U.S. Forest Service (FS). BLM, FWS, and NPS are part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, while the Forest Service is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. An additional 11.4 million acres of land (about 2% of all federal land) is owned by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The majority of federal lands are located in Alaska and the Western states. The United States Supreme Court has upheld the broad powers of the federal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5365083", "score": "1.0693905", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "National Conservation Lands", "text": "National Conservation Lands National Conservation Lands, formally known as the National Landscape Conservation System, is a collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West. These lands represent 10% of the managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the nation. The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service (NPS), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Over the years,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6841000", "score": "1.0634236", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "United States Department of the Interior", "text": "Agriculture, which later became the Department of Agriculture. However, land and natural resource management, American Indian affairs, wildlife conservation, and territorial affairs remain the responsibilities of the Department of the Interior. As of mid-2004, the department managed 507 million acres (2,050,000 km²) of surface land, or about one-fifth of the land in the United States. It manages 476 dams and 348 reservoirs through the Bureau of Reclamation, 410 national parks, monuments, seashore sites, etc. through the National Park Service, and 544 national wildlife refuges through the Fish and Wildlife Service. Energy projects on federally managed lands and offshore areas supply", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "793215", "score": "1.0608516", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Federal lands", "text": "largest federal landowner is the U.S. Department of Defense, which owns, leases, or possessed 26.1 million worldwide, of which 11.4 million acres are located in the United States. DOD land is mostly military bases and reservations. The largest single DOD-owned tract is the 2.3-million-acre White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. Together, the BLM, FWS, NPS, Forest Service, and DOD manage 97% of federal land. Federal agencies that control smaller amounts of land include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Reclamation, the United States Postal Service, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. Department of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5365086", "score": "1.0410695", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Montana", "text": "The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management controls of federal land. The U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service administers of 1.1 million acres of National Wildlife Refuges and waterfowl production areas in Montana. The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation administers approximately of land and water surface in the state. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks operates approximately of state parks and access points on the state's rivers and lakes. The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation manages of School Trust Land ceded by the federal government under the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "266638", "score": "1.029809", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Public land", "text": "entities including cities, counties, states, and the federal government all manage land which are referred to as either public lands or the public domain. The majority of public lands in the United States are held in trust for the American people by the federal government and managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the United States National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, or the Fish and Wildlife Service under the Department of the Interior, or by the United States Forest Service under the Department of Agriculture. Other federal agencies that manage public lands include the National Oceanic and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2324246", "score": "1.0054437", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "General Land Office", "text": "the United States Grazing Service (established in 1934) to become the Bureau of Land Management on July 16, 1946. The GLO oversaw the surveying, platting, and sale of the public lands in the Western United States and administered the Homestead Act and the Preemption Act in disposal of public lands. The frantic pace of public land sales in the 19th century American West led to the idiomatic expression \"land-office business\", meaning a thriving or high-volume trade. The GLO was placed under the Secretary of the Interior when the Department of the Interior was formed in 1849. Reacting to public concerns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3554274", "score": "0.9957971", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bureau of Land Management", "text": "Landscape Conservation System is overseen by the BLM. The National Landscape Conservation System lands constitute just about 12% of the lands managed by the BLM. Congress passed Title II of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-11) to make the system a permanent part of the public lands protection system in the United States. By designating these areas for conservation, the law directed the BLM to ensure these places are protected for future generations, similar to national parks and wildlife refuges. The BLM, through its Office of Law Enforcement & Security, functions as a federal law", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648303", "score": "0.99294823", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Bureau of Land Management", "text": "The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior that administers more than 247.3 million acres (1,001,000 km) of public lands in the United States which constitutes one-eighth of the landmass of the country. President Harry S. Truman created the BLM in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the General Land Office and the Grazing Service. The agency manages the federal government's nearly 700 million acres (2,800,000 km) of subsurface mineral estate located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the Homestead Act of 1862. Most BLM", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "National Conservation Lands", "text": "noted for BLM lands only. These 38 sites, total See List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers These 6 sites total (note: more sites exist than are listed here) National Conservation Lands National Conservation Lands, formally known as the National Landscape Conservation System, is a collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West. These lands represent 10% of the managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6841005", "score": "0.99254", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "National Conservation Lands", "text": "to be administered by the BLM—the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah. With this and several similar designations, a new focus emerged that would become part of how the agency looks at the land it manages: the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective. The Bureau of Land Management's National Landscape Conservation System, better known as the National Conservation Lands, was created in 2000 with the mission to \"conserve, protect, and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural, ecological, and scientific values for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6841002", "score": "0.9641196", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Article Four of the United States Constitution", "text": "matter of debate. The federal government owns about twenty-eight percent of the land in the United States. These holdings include national parks, national forests, recreation areas, wildlife refuges, vast tracts of range and public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, reservations held in trust for Native American tribes, military bases, and ordinary federal buildings and installations. Although federal property can be found in every state, the largest concentrations are in the west, where, for example, the federal government owns over eighty percent of the land within Nevada. Pursuant to a parallel clause in , the Supreme Court has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "428146", "score": "0.9631224", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Federal lands", "text": "Federal lands Federal lands are lands in the United States owned by the federal government. Pursuant to the Property Clause of the United States Constitution (, section 3, clause 2), the Congress has the power to retain and sell foreign lands and to regulate federal lands, such as by limiting cattle grazing on them. These powers have been recognized in a long line of U.S. Supreme Court decisions. The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total land area of 2.27 billion acres. The majority of federal lands (610.1 million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5365082", "score": "0.94705105", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009", "text": "The House agreed to the Senate amendments, 285-140, on March 25. President Barack Obama signed the bill into law on March 30, 2009, declaring one provision unconstitutional in his signing statement. Title I of the bill designates two million acres (8,000 km²) of wilderness in nine states (California, Colorado, Idaho, Michigan, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia) for protection through addition to the National Wilderness Preservation System. Among these lands are: Title II establishes a National Landscape Conservation System, to include Bureau of Land Management-administered National Monuments, National Conservation Areas, Wilderness Study Areas, components of the National Trails", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13035067", "score": "0.94625825", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Wyoming", "text": "the United States in total acres and fifth in percentage of a state's land owned by the federal government. This amounts to about owned and managed by the United States government. The state government owns an additional 6% of all Wyoming lands, or another . The vast majority of this government land is administered by the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service in numerous national forests, a national grassland, and a number of vast swathes of public land, in addition to the Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne. In addition, Wyoming contains areas managed by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "456241", "score": "0.94491", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Caja del Rio", "text": "of the federal lands pursuant to a cooperative agreement among the Indian Services, Resettlement Administration, and the SCS. Responsibility for management was passed to the Forest Service in 1953. The Caja is now managed as a geographically distinct unit of the Espanola District of the Santa Fe National Forest. This unit consists of approximately 67,197 acres in 2010. The Taos Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management manages additional acreage just outside the forest unit. The Caja del Rio Allotment is now managed as a community grazing allotment. Beginning in 1941, most of the existing allotment improvement were repaired", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12093503", "score": "0.9411442", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Bureau of Land Management", "text": "12 western states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. The mission of the BLM is \"to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations.\" Originally BLM holdings were described as \"land nobody wanted\" because homesteaders had passed them by. All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on of BLM public lands. The agency manages 221 wilderness areas, 27 national monuments and some 636 other protected areas as part of the National Conservation Lands (formerly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648293", "score": "0.93966675", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Federal lands", "text": "about 3.9% due to a decline in land held by DOD and BLM. Federal lands Federal lands are lands in the United States owned by the federal government. Pursuant to the Property Clause of the United States Constitution (, section 3, clause 2), the Congress has the power to retain and sell foreign lands and to regulate federal lands, such as by limiting cattle grazing on them. These powers have been recognized in a long line of U.S. Supreme Court decisions. The federal government owns about 640 million acres of land in the United States, about 28% of the total", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5365088", "score": "0.9386695", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "United States Forest Service", "text": "conduct internal and civil claim investigations. The of public land that are managed as national forests and grasslands are collectively known as the National Forest System. These lands are located in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands and comprise about 9% of the total land area in the United States. The lands are organized into 155 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The mission of the National Forest System is to protect and manage the forest lands so they best demonstrate the sustainable multiple-use management concept, using an ecological approach, to meet the diverse needs of people. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "530565", "score": "0.92988336", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Bureau of Land Management", "text": "the value of the remaining public lands by declaring that these lands would remain in public ownership. The law directed that these lands be managed with a view toward \"multiple use\" defined as \"management of the public lands and their various resource values so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and future needs of the American people.\" Since the Reagan years of the 1980s, Republicans have often given priority to local control and to grazing, mining and petroleum production, while Democrats have more often emphasized environmental concerns even when granting mining and drilling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648301", "score": "0.92983484", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Rangeland", "text": "manages about 167 million acres (676,000 km²) of publicly owned rangeland, with the United States Forest Service managing approximately 95 million acres (380,000 km²) more. Ranchers may lease portions of this public rangeland and pay a fee based on the number and type of livestock and the period for which they are on the land. Historically much of the land in the western United States was used for grazing and much of some states still is. In many of those states, such as Arizona, an open-range law applies which requires a land owner to fence cattle out rather than in;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3541850", "score": "0.9248981", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976", "text": "Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 The Federal Land Policy and Management Act, or FLPMA (), is a United States federal law that governs the way in which the public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management are managed. The law was enacted in 1976 by the 94th Congress and is found in the United States Code under Title 43. The Federal Land Policy and Management Act phased out homesteading in the United States by repealing the pre-existing Homestead Acts. Congress recognized the value of the public lands, declaring that these lands would remain in public ownership.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7075162", "score": "0.9239975", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Bureau of Land Management", "text": "its current form by combining offices in the western states and creating a corresponding office for lands both east of and alongside the Mississippi River. As a matter of course, the BLM's emphasis fell on activities in the western states as most of the mining, land sales, and federally owned areas are located west of the Mississippi. BLM personnel on the ground have typically been oriented toward local interests, while bureau management in Washington are led by presidential guidance. By means of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, Congress created a more unified bureau mission and recognized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648300", "score": "0.91760767", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009", "text": "System, components of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and components of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Title II also designates four new National Conservation Areas (Fort Stanton – Snowy River Cave National Conservation Area, Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area, Red Cliffs National Conservation Area in Washington County, Utah, and Dominguez-Escalante National Conservation Area) and one new National Monument (the Prehistoric Trackways National Monument in the Robledo Mountains of New Mexico). It also transfers lands in Nevada, Utah, Idaho, and Washington to federal control. Title III authorizes the United States Secretary of Agriculture to, through the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13035068", "score": "0.9135235", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Sagebrush Rebellion", "text": "states in 1932, but the states complained that the lands had been overgrazed and would, in other ways, impose a burden on Great Depression-era cash-strapped state budgets. The Bureau of Land Management was created to manage much of that land. Various bills intended to transfer federal public lands to western states had been proposed after 1932, all failing to garner much attention, let alone action. Among key objections to such transfers were the increasing value to the federal treasury of mineral lease receipts and complaints that the \"crown jewels\" of the national lands holdings, the National Parks, could not be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5054978", "score": "0.9131742", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Wilderness Act", "text": "areas designated by the NWPS as wilderness totals 757 areas encompassing 109.5 million acres of federally owned land in 44 states and Puerto Rico (5% of the land in the United States). Today, the Wilderness System comprises over 109 million acres (441,000 km²) involving federal lands administered by four agencies: Wilderness Act land is chosen from existing federal land and by determining which areas are considered to have the following criteria: Additionally, areas considered as wilderness should have no enterprises within them or any motorized travel (e.g.; vehicles, motorcycles). When Congress designates each wilderness area, it includes a very specific", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6026103", "score": "0.9108422", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Arctic policy of the United States", "text": "leasing responsibilities for onshore and offshore areas suitable for mineral development and production. The total federal lands estate in Alaska is nearly equal to the combined area of Texas and Wyoming, all managed by Department of the Interior bureaus including the Bureau of Land Management, the US Fish & Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service. President Obama's Executive Order 13580 created the Interagency Working Group on Coordination of Domestic Energy Development and Permitting in Alaska chaired by the Deputy Secretary of the Interior and including many federal agencies. Part of the Working Group's mandate was to develop \"a framework", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14831154", "score": "0.9102669", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Alaska", "text": "an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages , or 23.8% of the state. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is the world's largest wildlife refuge, comprising . Of the remaining land area, the state of Alaska owns , its entitlement under the Alaska Statehood Act. A portion of that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8409", "score": "0.9055006", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "General Land Office", "text": "custodial duties. Thus, beginning around 1900, the GLO gained a focus for conservation of renewable public resources, as well as for their exploitation. On July 16, 1946, the GLO was merged with the United States Grazing Service (established in 1934 under the Taylor Grazing Act) to become the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), an agency of the Interior Department responsible for administering the remaining of public lands still in federal ownership. An early commissioner was John McLean, later an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The BLM makes images of GLO records (federal land patents, survey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3554276", "score": "0.9016968", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Sylvester Stallone" ]

[ { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "a release in October 2010, which was then released on July 8, 2011. Filming ended on October 30, 2009. Tweet, the giraffe who rose to fame as a star in the classic Toys \"R\" Us commercials (by being cast as Geoffrey, the company's official mascot) and who appeared alongside Jim Carrey in the film \"\", died after filming \"Zookeeper\" at the Franklin Park Zoo. The 18-year-old giraffe collapsed during feeding and in the care of his trainer. Tai the elephant was featured in a video, reportedly filmed in 2005 and released in 2011 by Animal Defenders International (ADI), which showed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719731", "score": "1.1594589", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)", "text": "Kevin Richardson (zookeeper) Kevin Rene Richardson (born 8 October 1974), known as \"The Lion Whisperer\", is a South African self-taught zookeeper who has worked with African lions. Kevin Richardson was born in the Nightingale Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa, on the 8th of October, 1974. He spent his childhood in the neighbourhood of Orange Grove. His mother, Patricia, worked for Barclays Bank and was also born in South Africa. Richardson's father, who worked for a pharmaceutical company, was born in the United Kingdom and moved to South Africa from Reading, Berkshire. Kevin Richardson is the youngest of four children: he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15270803", "score": "1.1506232", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)", "text": "executive producers. The film was shot at the Kingdom of the White Lion, SA Lion Park, Nash's farm, Glen Afric, and Entabeni Game Reserve. The South African-based company Peru Productions Pty. Ltd.'s first feature film was \"White Lion\". Richardson is married and has two children. His wife Mandy is marketing manager of Richardson. They have a son, Tyler, born in 2009, and a daughter, Jessica, born in July 2013. Kevin Richardson (zookeeper) Kevin Rene Richardson (born 8 October 1974), known as \"The Lion Whisperer\", is a South African self-taught zookeeper who has worked with African lions. Kevin Richardson was born", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15270815", "score": "1.1280749", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "allegedly attacking a zookeeper named Shane (Donnie Wahlberg). Bernie explains to Griffin that Shane abuses the animals and he fell when he was abusing Bernie. He lied and said that Bernie attacked him, causing Bernie to lose his trust in humans. Griffin discovers that Stephanie is dating her other ex-boyfriend, a bullying alpha-male named Gale (Joe Rogan). Joe's mate Janet (Cher) tells Griffin that the best way to attract a female is to be seen with another female, so Griffin asks Kate to go with him to Dave and Robin's wedding. Griffin then takes Bernie to T.G.I. Friday's and they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719727", "score": "1.1063516", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Zookeeper (2001 film)", "text": "orphaned wolf cub. \"The Zookeeper\" was filmed at several locations in the Czech Republic including Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav, Doksany, the town of Milovice in the Nymburk District, and Prague. The \"Variety\" reviewer Robert Koehler praised Ralph Ziman and Matthew Bishop's for exploring Sam Neill's character Ludovic. Koehler also praised Neill's portrayal of Ludvoic, whom he described as a \"man who has emotionally shut down but can’t stop the world from marching back in.\" Despite commending Piotr Kukla's lensing and Ziman's juxtaposition of explosions in the zoo scenes, Koehler criticized Nikolaj Egelund's score as a poor imitation of Lisa Gerrard's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20195458", "score": "1.0976723", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (comics)", "text": "just like Beast Boy. However, his side effects are different from Garfield's. His skin is purple and scaly and his eyes and hair did not change color with his skin. Zookeeper (comics) Zookeeper, a.k.a. Dr. Samuel Register, is a fictional character from the \"Teen Titans\" comics. Zookeeper first appeared in \"Teen Titans\" #13-15 (Sep. - Nov. 2004) and was created by Geoff Johns and Tom Grummett. Dr. Samuel Register worked with Mark and Marie Logan in Africa. He despised their rambunctious son Garfield who constantly caused damage in his lab. He was (and still is) obsessed with people calling him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7056187", "score": "1.0914891", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "Mr. Plinkett reviews) did an episode of the show \"Half in the Bag\" reviewing the film's first trailer. The hosts sarcastically praised the trailer as if they thought it was a fake, well crafted parody of a tired subset of the comedy genre, at one point noting \"All they were missing was a wise cracking sidekick for Kevin James, played by a rapper.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" published a three-out-of-four star review, stating, \"Look, a great movie this is not. A pleasant summer entertainment it is. I think it can play for all ages in a family audience...", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719736", "score": "1.0863005", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "in 2017. Filming began in Boston on August 17, 2009. The film received negative reviews from critics and it earned $169.8 million on a $80 million budget. A zookeeper named Griffin Keyes (Kevin James) sets up a plan to propose to the love of his life Stephanie (Leslie Bibb), but she rejects him and claims that his career as a zookeeper is what is keeping her away, therefore breaking Griffin's heart. Five years later, Griffin is shown to be the lead zookeeper at the Franklin Park Zoo who cares deeply for the zoo animals. That night, Griffin holds a party", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719723", "score": "1.0862871", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "at the zoo for his brother Dave (Nat Faxon) who is getting married, but freaks out when he discovers that Stephanie was invited. Dave offers Griffin to come and work with him at a car dealership, explaining that it is the best way to get Stephanie back. Griffin contemplates quitting his job at the zoo and joining his brother at the dealership. Later, the animals hold a meeting saying that they think Griffin is the best zookeeper at the zoo and don't want him to leave, so they decide to find some way to help him win Stephanie's heart. Jerome", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719724", "score": "1.0859549", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "animals hold a meeting saying that they think Griffin is the best zookeeper at the zoo and don't want him to leave, so they decide to find some way to help him win Stephanie's heart. Jerome the Bear (Jon Favreau) suggests that they teach Griffin their animal mating techniques, but Joe the Lion (Sylvester Stallone) protests, reminding them that it's against the animal code to talk to humans. Donald the Monkey (Adam Sandler) says that Stephanie will be at the zoo tomorrow, and all the animals have to do is make Griffin look like a hero in front of her.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)", "text": "animals for the commercial filming industry and make documentaries to generate income to fund the facility. They also have a volunteer programme which generates income, and volunteers who help to run the sanctuary. Richardson worked in a 1600-acre Lion Park in Broederstroom, a town 35 miles north of his hometown, Johannesburg, in South Africa. While specializing in lions, he also interacted with hyenas and leopards. He spent the first part of his lion career at the Lion Park before moving to the Kingdom of the White Lion. Richardson has a special facility called the Kingdom of the White Lion in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15270806", "score": "1.0846667", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)", "text": "an exercise physiologist. When he was twenty-three, he had the opportunity to work as a handler and cared for two six-month-old lion cubs, Meg and Ami which he later rescued. His early years took place at the Lion Park near the outskirts of his home in Johannesburg. The Lion park has been criticised for allowing lion petting and for supplying lions to the canned lion industry. He still runs with the now full grown cubs in the wild. The facility owner, Rodney Fuhr, started him off with a part-time job at the Lion Park. Richardson and his team work with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15270805", "score": "1.0839278", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (comics)", "text": "Zookeeper (comics) Zookeeper, a.k.a. Dr. Samuel Register, is a fictional character from the \"Teen Titans\" comics. Zookeeper first appeared in \"Teen Titans\" #13-15 (Sep. - Nov. 2004) and was created by Geoff Johns and Tom Grummett. Dr. Samuel Register worked with Mark and Marie Logan in Africa. He despised their rambunctious son Garfield who constantly caused damage in his lab. He was (and still is) obsessed with people calling him \"Dr. Register\" and nothing else. After Logan's parents successfully cured Garfield of Sakutia, Register went on to try to finish their work. He became mad for results and inhumanly slaughtered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7056184", "score": "1.0816877", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Zookeeper (2001 film)", "text": "capital city, a former Interior Ministry official and Communist party member named Ludovic (Sam Neill) works at a zoo. He receives a letter from his estranged daughter Anna in Paris who wants to reconcile with her father. With the city under siege, Ludovic volunteers to help the Indian veterinary (Om Puri) to look after the animals until they can safely evacuate them. Due to scarce supplies, they are forced to put the animals on rations. Elsewhere, the orphaned Zioig is picked up by a truck carrying United Nations peacekeepers. During the journey, he jumps out of the truck while the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20195451", "score": "1.0740142", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Zookeeper (2001 film)", "text": "signature vocal music. Rotten Tomatoes gave \"The Zookeeper\" an audience review score of 46%. Rotten Tomatoes critic Andrea Chase described the movie as \"a haunting film, superbly directed, and filmed with a harsh beauty\". The \"Zookeeper\" won the 2001 Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival's awards for Best Film (Ralph Ziman) and Best Actor (Sam Neill). Ziman also won the 2002 Taos Talking Picture Festival's Land Grant Award. The Zookeeper (2001 film) The Zookeeper is an independent 2001 drama film directed by Ralph Ziman. It was screened at the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2001 Fort Lauderdale International Film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20195459", "score": "1.0725179", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "away from Joe, but Griffin fails to jump into the lion enclosure, ruining the animals' plan. When he climbs out of the enclosure, Joe yells at Griffin, causing Griffin to believe he has gone mad. The next night, all the animals break their code of silence and tell Griffin that they will teach him what to do to win Stephanie. Griffin learns their different mating rituals, but ends up humiliating himself in front of the other zookeepers and the guests. Griffin then has a talk with Bernie (Nick Nolte), a forlorn gorilla who was moved into a deep enclosure after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719726", "score": "1.059628", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "a review aggregator, reports that 14% of 130 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 3.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Zookeeper\" smothers Kevin James's inherent likability with a sodden script and a surfeit of jokes inappropriate for the young viewers who would be intrigued by its juvenile storyline.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 30 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B+\" on an A+ to F scale. Mary Pols of \"Time\" magazine named it one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719734", "score": "1.0571516", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "tells Griffin that he thought he could trust someone again, but was proved wrong when Griffin quit his job. Kate decides to leave the zoo and accepts a job in Nairobi. Griffin becomes the best employee at the car dealership, but misses working at the zoo. Stephanie proposes to Griffin, but Griffin refuses and dumps her after coming to the realization that if Stephanie did love him she would accept him for who he was and not what he was. He then goes back to the zoo and apologizes to Bernie, who accepts Griffin's friendship. The animals then tell Griffin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719729", "score": "1.0488815", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Zoobreak", "text": "they take a field trip to a zoo boat that has made a stop in Long Island. Savannah makes a scene when she sees the zoo's newest attraction, \"Eleanor\", whom she believes is her monkey, Cleo. Griffin and Ben believe her after they see just how nasty the zoo keeper, Mr. Nastase really is. Griffin and Ben must gather the team of the strength, animal smarts, acting skills, the team leader, height, computer skills, and climbing. They do not realize the zoo is heavily guarded by a seemingly mean security guard named Klaus. Soon, they find out all the animals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14205600", "score": "1.0459323", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)", "text": "out of context. They don't know the relationship I have with this lion.\" As a rule, Richardson only interacts with lions he has been with since their birth. Richardson also differentiates his work from that of zoologists interacting with completely wild animals they have not raised, or that of trainers whose animals are required to perform on stage day after day. Richardson worked as a lion handler for the lion park that featured in a 2014 segment of the CBS program \"60 Minutes\", which revealed that the Lion Park in Lanseria bred lions to ensure a supply of cubs year-round.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15270810", "score": "1.04464", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Sylvester Stallone", "text": "directing a film on Edgar Allan Poe's life, a script he has been preparing for years. In July 2009, Stallone appeared in a cameo in the Bollywood movie \"Kambakkht Ishq\" where he played himself. Stallone also provided the voice of a lion in Kevin James' comedy \"Zookeeper\". Stallone has also mentioned that he would like to adapt Nelson DeMille's novel, \"The Lion's Game\", and James Byron Huggins's novel, \"Hunter\", for which Stallone had the film rights several years; he originally planned to use the plot from \"Hunter\" for \"Rambo V: Last Blood\". In 2009, Stallone expressed interest in starring in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "718634", "score": "1.0438524", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Tippi Hedren", "text": "lion that belonged to Anton LaVey, after he was told by San Francisco officials that he couldn't keep a fully grown lion as a house pet. Shambala became the new home for Michael Jackson's two Bengal tigers, Sabu and Thriller, after he decided to close his zoo at his Neverland Valley Ranch in Los Olivos. Thriller died in June 2012 of lung cancer. On December 3, 2007, Shambala Preserve made headlines when Chris Orr, a caretaker for the animals, was mauled by a tiger named Alexander. Several documentaries have focused on Shambala Preserve, including the 30-minute \"Lions: Kings of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1984082", "score": "1.0386679", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Zookeeper", "text": "Zookeeper A zookeeper, sometimes referred as animal keeper, is a person who manages zoo animals that are kept in captivity for conservation or to be displayed to the public. They are usually responsible for the feeding and daily care of the animals. As part of their routine, the zookeepers may clean the exhibits and report health problems. They may also be involved in scientific research or public education, such as conducting tours and answering questions. Animal collections requiring wild animal care takers or zookeepers have it existed since about 3,000 B.C. Early civilizations in Mesopotamia (present day Iraq), Egypt, China", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2795156", "score": "1.0351397", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Zookeeper (2001 film)", "text": "The Zookeeper (2001 film) The Zookeeper is an independent 2001 drama film directed by Ralph Ziman. It was screened at the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2001 Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival. In an unspecified Eastern European country, soldiers round up the inhabitants of a village. Ten year old Zioig (Javor Loznica) is separated from his mother Ankica (Gina McKee). While being transported in a truck, Ziog's father (Mikulás Kren) tells his son that he is a man now and that grown men don't cry. The soldiers kill the men but Zioig manages to escape. Meanwhile in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20195450", "score": "1.0336721", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Lion (film)", "text": "The Lion (film) The Lion is a DeLuxe Color 1962 drama film in CinemaScope directed by Jack Cardiff, starring William Holden and Trevor Howard. Filmed on location in Kenya and Uganda and on a co-owned property of Holden in Kenya, the Mount Kenya Safari Club. The film had its World Premiere at the Leicester Square Theatre in London's West End on 26 July 1962. Successful American lawyer Robert Hayward (William Holden) is in Kenya because his ex-wife Christine (Capucine) is having some problems with their eleven-year-old daughter Tina (Pamela Franklin), who has a great affinity with Africa, its customs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17812380", "score": "1.0312822", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "him being abused by its trainers. A campaign to boycott the movie was formed since the outbreak of the news. ADI has also contacted the American Humane Association, urging them to re-evaluate how they assess the use of animals in films and the statements being made which effectively endorse the use of performing animals. Animal rights advocates PETA also urged the public to boycott the film. Around 50 people came to the film's premiere at the Regency Village Theatre in Westwood, Los Angeles, California to protest against the filmmakers for their alleged animal abuse. Frank Coraci claimed that the animals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719732", "score": "1.0299977", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)", "text": "and respect. \"A lion is not a possession; it's a sentient being, so you must pay attention and develop your bond like with any relationship.\" Richardson has been scratched, punctured and bitten but is not dissuaded by these dangers. In an interview, he mentions, \"Obviously one realizes the danger when working with animals of this calibre, I've weighed the pros and I've weighed the cons, and the pros far outweigh the cons.\" He warns about following in his footsteps, however. All the pictures of his adventures do not portray his years of experience and bonding. \"People like to take things", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15270809", "score": "1.0283179", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Zookeeper (film)", "text": "of the Top 10 Worst Movies of 2011. British newspaper \"The Telegraph\" named \"Zookeeper\" one of the ten worst films of 2011, saying \"Portly Kevin James is the hero of this \"comedy\", which boasts five screenwriters and not a single amusing moment.\" Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, who co-hosts the movie review series \"\", said that \"even though the movie looks hilarious from the trailer, it is only hilarious if you enjoy seeing Kevin James fall down a lot\". He gave the film a \"thumbs down,\" as did Christy Lemire, the other co-host of the series. In May 2011, RedLetterMedia (creators of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13719735", "score": "1.0210468", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Zookeeper (2001 film)", "text": "orders them to leave. Zioig storms out in a fit of rage. Ludovic and Ankica eventually discover that her son has gunned down the militiaman Slavko. Ankica searches for her son but he avoids her. Returning to the cabin, Ankica and Ludovic reconcile and develop feelings for each other. The following morning, Ludovic feeds the body of the militiaman to the lion who lost her cub. That night, the zoo's monkey house is hit by artillery. Ludovic tries to rescue the monkeys but they succumb to the flames, smoke, and trauma. After some argument, Ankica convinces Ludovic to leave the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20195456", "score": "1.0199289", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Zookeeper (2001 film)", "text": "peacekeepers are asleep and steals two boxes of supplies. Back in the capital city, Ludovic encounters the militia leader Dragov (Ulrich Thomsen) at a checkpoint. Despite lacking identity papers, Dragov lets him through because they are of the same race. Ludovic moves into the zoo and helps the veterinary to look after the animals. Ludovic develops an attachment to a female gibbon named \"Luisa.\" While visiting the wolves' pen, Ludovic encounters the orphaned Zioig and tells the boy to leave. Amidst the fighting, Ludovic befriends the Vet while drinking. The Vet tells Ludovic that good men do the right thing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20195452", "score": "1.0178149", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "pit road speed" ]

[ { "title": "NASCAR rules and regulations", "text": "five minutes, the grand marshal for the race will deliver the command \"Drivers, start your engines!\", at which point each car must start its engine. With the engines running, the cars sit on pit road for approximately three minutes before heading on the track for some warm-up laps before the pace car. The average number of pace laps is three, but there can be more or less depending on a wide variety of circumstances and conditions, including but not limited to track length, track drying efforts after rain, or if a car has a problem and stops on the track", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9295516", "score": "1.0619199", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Racing flags", "text": "the race. For example, NASCAR requires that a driver run at or above 115 percent of the fastest lap time by any driver in the final practice. (This can be converted to an average speed-limit based on the length of the course, which for oval tracks will be close to the actual speed limit at any given time.) IndyCar has a 105 percent rule, most notably used when officials parked Jean Alesi and Simona de Silvestro during the 2012 Indianapolis 500. In the case of snowmobile racing, the black flag comes in three stages to disqualification; the first flag is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6224612", "score": "1.049088", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2016 Can-Am Duels", "text": "four-turn superspeedway that is long. The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees. Dale Earnhardt, Jr. was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 46.364 and a speed of . Joey Logano was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 45.934 and a speed of . Qualifying for the Daytona 500 is different from any other race weekend because the starting lineup for the race – except for the two drivers that post the two fastest timed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19325424", "score": "1.031547", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2018 Daytona 500", "text": "40 cars (The maximum field and no extra cars) entering the race, thus making no teams in a “go or go home” position for the first time. Kyle Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 45.058 seconds and a speed of . William Byron was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 44.625 seconds and a speed of . Alex Bowman scored the pole for the race with a time of 46.002 and a speed of . The Can-Am Duels are a pair of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20450235", "score": "1.0267599", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1994 Slick 50 500", "text": "and would race until the beginning of the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season. With the winner's average speed being slightly below , stock car manufacturers realized that aluminium no longer made the fastest vehicles and started to research for lighter materials to use for the exterior of the NASCAR vehicles. In today's NASCAR, a simple steel tube frame with safety roll cage (serving as a space frame chassis) is used for the racing vehicles. A 24-gauge sheet metal body covers the body for safety reasons. A lineup of 43 drivers made the starting grid for this 312-lap racing event;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16909150", "score": "1.0238049", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series", "text": "on the track. The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway, where the record average speed is and the record qualifying lap is , set by Bill Elliott in 1987. The record stands unlikely to be broken, as restrictor plates were made mandatory at superspeedways in 1988 to reduce speeds. The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway, a road course with a record average speed of only and a record qualifying lap of , and Martinsville Speedway, a short, nearly flat \"paper clip\" oval, with a record average speed of and a record qualifying lap of . The average speed of a race", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20575977", "score": "1.0234467", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "NASCAR rules and regulations", "text": "Once the pace car has pulled into the pits, there is a restart \"zone\" consisting of lines painted on the outside wall of the track. The leader of the race is to begin accelerating inside this zone to resume the race. If they do not, the flagman controls the restart. The second place car may not be ahead of the leader at the moment of green flag, however either car on the front row may cross the start/finish line first. Passing is not permitted until the leader of the race crosses the start-finish line. Lane changes are also not permitted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9295491", "score": "1.0229634", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2017 Can-Am 500", "text": "was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 26.800 seconds and a speed of . Kevin Harvick was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 26.672 seconds and a speed of . Ryan Blaney led the field to the green flag at 2:37 p.m., He led a total of 11 laps, Chase Elliott took the lead on lap 11 and led 14 laps, Denny Hamlin took the lead on lap 26 and led only one lap, Chase Elliott regained the lead on lap 27 and led only one lap, Hamlin regained the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20368161", "score": "1.0216237", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Safety in NASCAR", "text": "Talladega), restrictor plates are used. There are some tracks, however, where restrictor plates are not mandated and therefore see faster speeds—specifically Atlanta Motor Speedway and Texas Motor Speedway. While Atlanta is generally considered the fastest track, restrictor plates are not mandated there. In 2004 and 2005, higher qualifying speeds were posted at Texas, earning it the title of the circuit's fastest track. Unrestricted, Sprint Cup cars produce over 750 horsepower (560 kW) and can run at speeds in excess of 200 mph. Rusty Wallace completed a 2004 test for NASCAR at Talladega in which he used an unrestricted motor to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14861380", "score": "1.0159614", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Safety car", "text": "Since NASCAR does not allow speedometers or electronic speed limiting devices, the pace car circles the track at pit road speed during the warm-up laps. This allows each driver to note the RPM at which pit road speed is maintained. Drivers exceeding that speed on pit road will be penalized, typically a \"drive-through\" or \"stop and go\" penalty, costing them valuable track position.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 O'Reilly Auto Parts 500", "text": "the pole for the race with a time of 27.217 and a speed of . Brad Keselowski was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 27.531 seconds and a speed of . Jimmie Johnson was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 27.719 and a speed of . Kevin Harvick led the field to the green flag at 1:49 p.m., but the race was slowed when the first caution flew on the third lap for debris on the frontstretch. The race restarted on the sixth lap. The second caution flew on lap", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076849", "score": "1.014391", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series", "text": "instituted the gear rule, Cup engines were capable of operating more than 10,000 rpm. A NASCAR Cup Series engine with the maximum bore of and stroke of at 9,000 rpm has a mean piston speed of 80.44 fps (24.75 m/s). Contemporary Cup engines run 9,800 rpm, 87.59 fps (26.95 m/s), at the road course events, on Pocono Raceway's long front stretch, and at Martinsville Speedway (a .526-mile short-track). At the backbone 1.5- to 2.0-mile tri-oval tracks of NASCAR, the engines produce over 850 hp running 92–9400 rpm for 500 miles, 600 mi for the Coca-Cola 600 Charlotte race. The front", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20575954", "score": "1.0111576", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2015 CampingWorld.com 500 at Talladega", "text": "Chevrolet. Josh Wise drove the No. 34 Front Row Motorsports Ford. Michael Waltrip drove the No. 98 Michael Waltrip Racing Toyota. Greg Biffle was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 47.597 and a speed of . Brad Keselowski was the fastest in the final practice with a time of 48.752 and a speed of . Jeff Gordon won the pole with a time of 49.234 and a speed of . Gordon said he knew he \"had a fast car, but I wasn’t sure. This is a different car than what we had here earlier this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19097859", "score": "1.0107049", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2015 Federated Auto Parts 400", "text": "Hillman-Circle Sport LLC Chevrolet. Kyle Larson was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 21.508 and a speed of . Kevin Harvick was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 21.526 and a speed of . Joey Logano won the pole with a time of 21.349 and a speed of . “Just a great effort from this team,” Logano said. “I can’t say enough of (crew chief) Todd Gordon and everyone with the Shell/Pennzoil team that gives me a these greats cars every week. It’d be great to end the regular season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19010719", "score": "1.0093857", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series", "text": "the 200 MPH mark. Defending champion Tony Stewart stated his excitement for returning to Daytona, \"Our sport is unique obviously having our biggest race the first race of the year, but it's very fitting at the same time because this race, we have more time during the offseason to prepare for this race than we do the others. You bring cars here that you have the extra time to just make them that little bit nicer than you normally have time to do.\" On the second day, Martin Truex, Jr. was quickest in the morning session after posting a time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15143469", "score": "1.0092232", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2016 Kobalt 400", "text": "the car was really fast but they say the back-up is just as fast. I guarantee that car will be as good as this one.\" Carl Edwards was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 28.189 and a speed of . Matt Kenseth was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 28.502 and a speed of . Under clear Nevada skies, Kurt Busch led the field to the green flag at 4:11 p.m. After 10 laps, he pulled to a 1.5 second lead over Joey Logano. By lap 25, Logano cut the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19347041", "score": "1.0088332", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2016 GEICO 500", "text": "April 25 at 10:42 a.m. Eastern time. Forty-one cars are entered for the race. Jamie McMurray was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 47.943 and a speed of . Joey Logano was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 48.785 and a speed of . Chase Elliott scored the pole for the race with a time of 49.704 and a speed of . He said afterwards that like he \"said in Daytona, this is all team guys. This had nothing to do with me and they have brought a fast car", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19472616", "score": "1.0049405", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Atlanta Motor Speedway", "text": "qualifying times, and as the tracks' respective racing surfaces have worn, qualifying speeds at Texas have become consistently faster than at Atlanta. The NASCAR circuit has two tracks, the longer Talladega Superspeedway and Daytona International Speedway, that were once faster than Atlanta or Texas, with lap speeds usually exceeding 200 mph (322 km/h), but restrictor plates were mandated for use on those tracks in 1988 after Bobby Allison's violent crash at Talladega the year before, reducing average lap speeds to about 190 mph (306 km/h). NASCAR does not require restrictor plates at Atlanta or Texas, which helped lead to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3176289", "score": "1.0049214", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2015 Quicken Loans 400", "text": "time of 35.806 and a speed of . Jeff Gordon was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 36.253 and a speed of . Halfway through the session, Denny Hamlin spun out on the front stretch and caused minor damage to the front splitter. The team initially decided to roll out the backup car, but chose to fix the primary car rather than starting from the rear of the race. The race was scheduled to start at 1:16 p.m., but the threat of thunderstorms prompted NASCAR to move the start time up ten minutes. Eventually, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18835388", "score": "1.0045576", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "1919 Indianapolis 500", "text": "a.m., the Purdue Band entertained fans. Pace car driver Jesse G. Vincent, with passenger Eddie Rickenbacker, took the field around for one unscored warm-up lap. At a speed of about 80 mph, the field was released for the start. André Boillot's car initially failed to pull away, but eventually got started, and sprinted to catch up to the rest of the field. The first half of the race belonged to 1915 winner Ralph DePalma. Depalma led the first 65 laps, and raced at a record pace. With an average speed of over 92 mph, DePalma was shattering existing track records.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7838849", "score": "1.0043824", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "NASCAR Arcade", "text": "would have the machine set to read the speed in MPH while cruise ships and international attractions would set the speed to KM/H. The tracks to select from are Talladega Superspeedway, Richmond International Raceway and Watkins Glen International (and a \"Team SEGA\" secret track, available with a code on machines that have more than 700 played games). The goal of the game is to complete four laps and finish the race in either first, second, or third place before the timer reaches zero. Time is extended for each lap the player manages to complete; overtaking vehicles on the race course", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11104481", "score": "1.0039533", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2016 Daytona 500", "text": "was the fastest in the sixth practice session with a time of 46.372 seconds and a speed of . Denny Hamlin was the fastest in the seventh practice session with a time of 45.077 seconds and a speed of . Dale Earnhardt, Jr. was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 45.655 seconds and a speed of . Under clear Florida skies, Chase Elliott led the field to the green flag at 1:33 p.m. He and teammate Dale Earnhardt, Jr. jumped ahead of Joey Logano to control the field. Earnhardt drove underneath teammate Elliott to take", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19170762", "score": "1.003444", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2017 First Data 500", "text": "with a time of 19.846 seconds and a speed of . Joey Logano was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 20.056 seconds and a speed of . Joey Logano scored the pole for the race with a time of 19.622 and a speed of . Joey Logano led the field to the green flag at 3:16 p.m, Ty Dillon and Ricky Stenhouse Jr. wrecked in turn two on lap 37 to produce the first caution of the afternoon. NASCAR had planned to have a competition caution at lap 45 but chose to use the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20354108", "score": "1.0021564", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2017 Kobalt 400", "text": "North Carolina. Martin Truex, Jr. was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 27.907 seconds and a speed of . Brad Keselowski scored the pole for the race with a time of 27.881 and a speed of . When asked how he accomplished this despite missing his mark in Turns 1 and 2 on his pole lap, he said he didn't \"know what the answer is. I'll have to look through a bunch of data, and the smart guys -- the engineers and crew chiefs -- will probably point some of that stuff out to me.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20022534", "score": "1.0002248", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2018 Bank of America Roval 400", "text": "will not be used during pace laps, nor will they be used during restarts. Kyle Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 77.145 seconds and a speed of . Kurt Busch scored the pole for the race with a time of 76.805 and a speed of . Jimmie Johnson was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 78.043 seconds and a speed of . Brad Keselowski was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 77.730 seconds and a speed of . Stage 1 \"Laps:\" 25 Stage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20852614", "score": "0.9996549", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Stock car racing", "text": "modified. Top level stock cars exceed at speedway tracks and on superspeedway tracks such as Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway. Contemporary NASCAR-spec top level cars produce maximum power outputs of 860-900 hp from their naturally aspirated V8 engines. In October 2007 American race car driver Russ Wicks set a speed record for stock cars in a 2007-season Dodge Charger built to NASCAR specifications by achieving a maximum speed of at the Bonneville Salt Flats. For the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, power output of the competing cars ranged from 750 to 800 hp (560 to 600 kW). In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "385079", "score": "0.9989997", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2012 Pocono 400", "text": "of A. J. Allmendinger with a speed of and a time of . Allmendinger was quickest in the first of two test sessions on June 7 with a time of 50.793 seconds and a speed of , while Kasey Kahne was quickest in the second test session with a time of 50.142 seconds and a speed of . Top speeds at the end of the front straightaway approached , however NASCAR determined that the use of restrictor plates would not be required. On June 5, 2012, NASCAR suspended Phoenix Racing driver Kurt Busch from the race after verbally abusing a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16574698", "score": "0.9969613", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series", "text": "where they pulled up in the draft, it may be a little quick, but it's hard to say.\" During the first session on the morning of January 20, 2011, 33 drivers participated, and Clint Bowyer was quickest with a speed of 184.216 mph while David Reutimann had the highest speed of 195.780 mph during the second session in the afternoon. The third test session, scheduled for the morning of January 21, was canceled because of wet weather. During the fourth session, held during the afternoon, 34 drivers participated with Denny Hamlin being quickest with a speed of 196.868 mph. Several", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14690677", "score": "0.99667096", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2016 Can-Am 500", "text": "a speed of . Kyle Busch was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 26.401 and a speed of . Alex Bowman led the field to the green flag at 2:48 p.m. Kyle Larson brought out the first caution of the race on the first lap after he got loose and spun out in turn 4. The race restarted on lap 6. During the run, pre-race favorite Kevin Harvick slid back through the field reporting that his car started loose, then started \"plowing through the center.\" Martin Truex Jr., who started 40th, broke into the top-10", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19821932", "score": "0.9964666", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2017 Can-Am Duels", "text": "front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees. Joey Logano was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 46.604 seconds and a speed of . Chase Elliott scored the pole for the Daytona 500 with a time of 46.663 and a speed of . He said afterwards that everyone at Hendrick Motorsports did \"a lot of work this off-season. This team definitely has a knack for these plate tracks, as they showed with Jeff Gordon and then last year with here and Talladega.\" He also mentioned how these accomplishments don't \"just", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19975727", "score": "0.9956519", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Darth Sidious", "Sheev Palpatine" ]

[ { "title": "Star Wars", "text": "names in the films; \"e.g.\" the planets Kessel (a term that refers to a group of encircled forces) and Hoth (Hermann Hoth was a German general who served on the snow-laden Eastern Front). Palpatine being a chancellor before becoming the Emperor in the prequel trilogy alludes to Adolf Hitler's role as chancellor before appointing himself \"Führer\". Lucas has also drawn parallels to historical dictators such as Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Richard Nixon. The Great Jedi Purge mirrors the events of the Night of the Long Knives. The corruption of the Galactic Republic is modeled after the fall of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "360401", "score": "0.95280653", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker", "text": "of the word \"android\". Additionally, the word \"rebel\" is never capitalized, unlike its appearance when describing the Rebel Alliance in the film's opening crawl. The novel and various merchandising tie-ins also refer to Darth Vader as a Sith Lord, although he is not referred to as such in the movie. The term was not mentioned in the films until 1999's \".\" However, in a recently released deleted scene from the original film, General Tagge describes Darth Vader as a Sith Lord during the Death Star meeting. In the novel, the Imperial stormtroopers board the Tantive IV through the ceiling rather", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7690818", "score": "0.94609064", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Galactic Empire (Star Wars)", "text": "the Nazis, desires the creation of totalitarian order and utilizes excessive force and violence to achieve their ends. The name of the Empire's main soldiers, the Stormtroopers, is somewhat similar to the name given to Hitler's \"Sturmabteilung\" (SA, \"storm detachment\") paramilitary bodyguards. The visual appearance of Darth Vader in his all-black uniform combined with his devout obedience to the Emperor has allusion to the black-uniformed Nazi \"Schutzstaffel\" (SS). The uniforms of Imperial military officers also bear resemblance to uniforms used in Nazi Germany as well as nineteenth-century Germany's \"ulans\" (mounted lancers)—who wore a tunic, riding breeches, and boots like the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "769802", "score": "0.9354945", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Palpatine", "text": "fellow Imperials that the Emperor has dissolved the Senate. The Emperor first appears (in hologram form) in \"The Empire Strikes Back\", the 1980 sequel to the original film, to address his Sith apprentice Darth Vader, informing him that Luke Skywalker has become a threat to the Empire. Vader persuades him that the young Jedi would be a great asset if he could be turned to the dark side of the Force. In 1983's \"Return of the Jedi\", the Emperor appears in person to oversee the last stages of the second Death Star's construction. He assures Darth Vader that they will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12213717", "score": "0.9338614", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "First Order (Star Wars)", "text": "Han Solo and Leia Organa who had been an apprentice to his uncle, the Jedi Master Luke Skywalker. Masked and using the name Kylo Ren, he is one of Snoke's enforcers, much like his grandfather Darth Vader had been the enforcer of Emperor Palpatine during the days of the Empire decades earlier. Kylo is the master of the Knights of Ren, a mysterious group of elite warriors. Kylo and Hux are rivals for Snoke's approval, and the third member of the \"commanding triumvirate\" of the First Order is the formidable Captain Phasma, the commander of the stormtroopers. Kylo is searching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19102203", "score": "0.93361634", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dark Empire I", "text": "discovers that he holds hostage an even greater treasure: a mysterious and intelligent artifact called the Jedi Holocron, which the Emperor had stolen during the Great Jedi Purge from Ashka Boda after slaying him. With both the Holocron and Luke Skywalker under his control, the Emperor would appear to reign supreme in the Force. The Emperor then swore to take over the child in Leia's womb. Out of anger, Leia threw the Emperor over and ran away with the Holocron. Meanwhile, Han and Chewie were trying escape when Salla Zend and Shug Ninx who took control of a Hunter Droid,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5296368", "score": "0.92906004", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Galactic Empire (Star Wars)", "text": "the galaxy. In the \"Jedi Prince\" novel series, a group of impostors calling themselves the Prophets of the Dark Side install a three-eyed mutant named Trioculus as Emperor by claiming that he is Palpatine's son, reforming the Empire (as Trioculus's Empire). By the end of the series, Palpatine's true son, Triclops, helps the Rebels defeat this new enemy. In the \"Thrawn\" trilogy book series, the New Republic is almost brought to its knees by Grand Admiral Thrawn, the new leader of the remnants of the Empire (which are known as Thrawn's Empire) and a military genius. By the time of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "769794", "score": "0.926447", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Star Wars: Empire", "text": "then says that he would have assigned Trachta to oversee the construction of the Death Star instead of Tarkin, if only Trachta wasn't necessary for the Emperor's operations on Coruscant. Meanwhile, Darth Vader thinks back to a conversation he had with Qui-Gon Jinn before he was introduced to the Jedi Council. He then meets with Palpatine, who gives him a mission to hunt down a lightsaber-wielding criminal on the planet Dargulli. They both suspect it could be one of Vader's children. Star Wars Empire: Princess ... Warrior is a two-part story arc in the Star Wars: Empire series of comic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7932216", "score": "0.9173756", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Palpatine", "text": "together turn Luke Skywalker to the dark side. Unknown to Vader, the Emperor plans to replace his apprentice with Luke. When Vader brings Luke before his master, the Emperor tempts Luke to join the dark side by appealing to the young Jedi's fear for his friends, whom he has lured into a trap. This leads to a lightsaber duel in which Luke defeats and nearly kills Vader. The Emperor tells Luke to kill Vader and take his place, but Luke refuses and declares himself a Jedi. Enraged, the Emperor attacks Luke with Force lightning. Moved by his son's cries of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12213718", "score": "0.9123082", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Palpatine", "text": "Sheev Palpatine, (colloquial: Darth Sidious and The Emperor) is a fictional character and one of the primary antagonists of the Star Wars franchise, mainly portrayed by Ian McDiarmid. In the original trilogy, he is depicted as the aged, pale-faced and cloaked Emperor of the Galactic Empire and the master of Darth Vader. In the prequel trilogy, he is portrayed as a charismatic Senator from Naboo who uses deception and political manipulation to rise to the position of Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic, and then reorganizes the Republic into the Galactic Empire, with himself as Emperor.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Obi-Wan Kenobi", "text": "Empire's superweapon. Leia asks him to deliver the droid and the plans safely to the planet Alderaan in order to help the Rebel Alliance. Obi-Wan reveals his true identity and explains that he is a Jedi, a member of an ancient group of warriors that were hunted down and exterminated by the Empire with help from his former apprentice Darth Vader, the apparent killer of Luke's father. He gives Luke his father's lightsaber and asks him to accompany him to Alderaan and take up Jedi training. Luke declines, but after finding that his uncle Owen and aunt Beru have been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "666581", "score": "0.9076525", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Star Wars sources and analogues", "text": "had started working together again. In a 2005 interview, George Lucas was asked the origins of the name \"Darth Vader\", and replied: \"Darth is a variation of dark. And Vader is a variation of father. So it's basically Dark Father.\" (Rolling Stone, June 2, 2005). \"Vader\" is the Dutch word for \"father\" (the Dutch word is instead pronounced \"fah-der\"), and the German word for \"father\" (\"Vater\") is similar. However, in the earliest scripts for \"Star Wars\", the name \"Darth Vader\" was given to a human Imperial general with no apparent relationships. Commentators have noted the strong political analogies in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2342904", "score": "0.9071878", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Star Wars (film)", "text": "the Sith, the Death Star, and a general by the name of Annikin Starkiller. He changed Starkiller to an adolescent boy, and he shifted the general into a supporting role as a member of a family of dwarfs. Lucas envisioned the Corellian smuggler, Han Solo, as a large, green-skinned monster with gills. He based Chewbacca on his Alaskan Malamute dog, Indiana (whom he would later use as namesake for his character Indiana Jones), who often acted as the director's \"co-pilot\" by sitting in the passenger seat of his car. Lucas began researching the science fiction genre by watching films and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "630820", "score": "0.8959402", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Books of Swords", "text": "name. A commonly used phrase is the rhyme \"in the Emperor's name, forsake this game, and begone\", which is good enough to hurl a demon to the proximity of lunar orbit. The Emperor also has a mysterious romance with Queen Yambu. When she was a teen, without power and in mortal danger, the Emperor was her friend, ally, and lover. However, on attaining her throne, the two became estranged for many years, with the ambitious, proud, and distrustful Yambu threatened by his power, masculinity, and poor reputation. The Emperor repeatedly attempts to reconcile with Yambu throughout the series. When she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4514820", "score": "0.89425516", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Dark Empire", "text": "mysterious and intelligent artifact called the Jedi Holocron, a holographic cube that contains historical information about the Jedi. When Leia discovers that the Emperor is interested in possessing her third child, she steals the Holocron and the group successfully breaks out of Byss while having to leave behind Luke again. Luke faces the already frail Emperor and destroys his clone tanks, but the Emperor possesses one living clone and subdues him to his will. Han's group travels to Mon Calamari as Rebel commando forces lay siege to the World Devastators, which have been shut down by a special master code", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3871969", "score": "0.88893306", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Galactic Empire (Star Wars)", "text": "reorganization of the Republic into a state that can provide stability, and a safe and secure society, a Galactic Empire with himself as Emperor. The Senate that he has manipulated overwhelmingly applauds Palpatine's decision. Emperor Palpatine proceeds to purge the Jedi, who had been the upholders of peace and justice in the Republic, and replaces them by redeeming the Sith. Though Palpatine's Sith identity remains a secret to most, his apprentice Darth Vader is the Sith Lord who is publicly known to the galaxy as the ally of Palpatine who is serving the Empire to purge the galaxy of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "769767", "score": "0.8878834", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed", "text": "Vader, but Obi-Wan is still there inside of Luke. The hero relies on the friendship of others. The show includes comparing Jabba the Hutt to a dragon, where he steals the damsel in distress. The planet of Naboo is spoken of in reference of Nabu, the Queen of Wisdom in Babylon. Padmé Amidala, who is from Naboo (pronounced the same as the God), is also said to be \"the Queen of Wisdom\". Luke and Leia are said to be like Apollo and Artemis. Another large portion of the special was focused on Han Solo. Han Solo's name represents him, Solo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10314036", "score": "0.8872558", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Skywalker family", "text": "her son from the dark side. Han's surname Solo, was not his birth name, with Han being given his Solo surname by an imperial officer right before Han joined the imperial flight academy, which he would leave three years after. Han Solo's first film appearance however was in 1977's \"Star Wars: A New Hope\" where he is played by Harrison Ford. He and his Wookiee co-pilot and best friend, Chewbacca are initially hired to transport Luke Skywalker and Obi-wan Kenobi. Han and Chewbacca later become involved in the Rebel Alliance and are committed to its cause. Over the course of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1820787", "score": "0.88503873", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Darth Vader", "text": "escapes through an air shaft. Vader telepathically tells Luke that it is his destiny to join the dark side. In \"Return of the Jedi\", Vader and the Emperor are supervising the second Death Star's construction. Unknown to Vader, the Emperor intends to replace him with Luke as his apprentice. Thinking that there is still good in his father, Luke surrenders to Vader and unsuccessfully tries to convince him to turn from the dark side. Vader takes Luke to the Death Star to meet the Emperor. While there, Palpatine tempts Luke to give in to his anger, which leads to Vader", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "650655", "score": "0.88420403", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Star Wars prequel trilogy", "text": "save Chancellor Palpatine from Count Dooku and the droid commander General Grievous. Anakin begins to have prophetic visions of his secret wife Padmé dying in childbirth. Palpatine, who had been secretly engineering the Clone Wars to destroy the Jedi Order, convinces Anakin that the dark side of the Force holds the power to save Padmé's life. Desperate, Anakin submits to Palpatine and is renamed Darth Vader. Palpatine orders the clone army to fire on their Jedi generals, and declares the former Republic an Empire. Vader participates in the extermination of the Jedi, culminating in a lightsaber duel with Obi-Wan on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5289234", "score": "0.88184595", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Han (trilobite)", "text": "after Han Solo because some friends dared him to name a species after a \"Star Wars\" character. This is not the only unusual scientific name erected by Turvey; in the same paper he named a new species of \"Geragnostus\" \"G. waldorfstatleri\", because of \"the resemblance of the pygidial axis to the heads of Waldorf and Statler, two characters from \"The Muppet Show\".\" The actor who portrays Han Solo in \"Star Wars\", Harrison Ford, also has a species of spider named for him, \"Calponia harrisonfordi\". Arachnologist Norman I. Platnick named it for him out of thanks for assistance in a museum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5733145", "score": "0.8815043", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Empire Strikes Back", "text": "being used effectively, and Kershner agreed. After several takes, the director told the actor to improvise on the spot, and Ford changed Solo's line to \"I know.\" During production, great secrecy surrounded the fact that Darth Vader was Luke's father. Like the rest of the crew, Prowse—who spoke all of Vader's lines during filming—was given a false page that contained dialogue with the revelatory line being \"Obi-Wan killed your father.\" Hamill was informed just moments before cameras rolled on his close-up, and did not tell anyone, including his wife; according to Hamill, Ford did not learn the truth until he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "651591", "score": "0.87878674", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Iron Man 2", "text": "\"Star Wars\" you had the Emperor, but Darth Vader is the guy you want to see fight. Then you work your way to the time when lightning bolts are shooting out of the fingers and all that stuff could happen. But you can't have what happened in \"Return of the Jedi\" happen in \"A New Hope\". You just can't do it.\" Favreau also discussed in interviews how the films' version of Mandarin \"allows us to incorporate the whole pantheon of villains\". He mentioned that S.H.I.E.L.D. would continue to have a major role. During development, Favreau said the film would explore", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13189905", "score": "0.8768521", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Luke Skywalker", "text": "grizzled war hero, later as a Jedi Master, and as a woman. The last name \"Starkiller\" remained for the first few months of production, Hamill on-camera used the name 'Luke Starkiller\" the sole time he referred to himself during filming. \"Starkiller\" was dropped due to what Lucas called \"unpleasant connotations\". An alternative ending pitched by George Lucas for \"Return of the Jedi\" was Luke assuming his father's role as Darth Vader after the latter's death and intending to rule in his place. Though Lawrence Kasdan favored the idea, Lucas ultimately declined, since the films were made for children. Another conclusion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "644690", "score": "0.8756232", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Grand Moff Tarkin", "text": "in the 1977 film \"Star Wars\", the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy, Grand Moff Tarkin is the Governor of the Imperial Outland Regions, and commander of the Death Star. After Emperor Palpatine dissolves the Galactic Senate, Tarkin and Darth Vader are charged with pursuing and destroying the Rebel Alliance. He threatens Princess Leia Organa with the destruction of her home planet, Alderaan, if Leia does not reveal the location of the Rebel main base of operations. When Leia names the planet Dantooine as the base's location, he destroys Alderaan anyway, hoping to make an example out of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "806031", "score": "0.87435114", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Emperor's New Clones", "text": "complete DVD is available as a BitTorrent download. The name is a pun on \"The Emperor's New Clothes\". The group have previously released several films: \"Geriatric Park\" (a parody of \"Jurassic Park\", completed in 1994), \"Batman Returns Forever\" (a parody of \"Batman Returns\" and \"Batman Forever\", completed in 1995), \"Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Backyard\" (a parody alternative to \"\" inspired by the release of \"\" and completed in 2000), and \"Doom Raiders\" (a parody of \"Indiana Jones\" and \"Tomb Raider\", filmed in Cyprus and completed in 2002). Star Wars: The Emperor's New Clones The Emperor's New Clones (often abbreviated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11931731", "score": "0.87429196", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Dark Empire I", "text": "stole from the Emperor delivered a thousand-year-old prophecy to Leia, which tells of her battle against the young Emperor: \"...A brother and sister born to walk the sky/But reckless brother falls into dark side's eye/Jedi sister carries hope, for future in her womb/Only she can save the Skywalkers from certain doom/A Jedi-killer wants to tame her/Now the Dark lord comes to claim her/She must battle, join against this thief/Or the dynasty of all the Jedi will come to grief.\" It was Leia who was the one who boarded the Emperor's Eclipse-class dreadnought Super Star Destroyer during its assault on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5296371", "score": "0.8715852", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Palpatine", "text": "Lucas, in the \"Tarkin\" novel, to which Del Rey agreed. Lucas's conceptualization of Palpatine and the role the character plays in \"Star Wars\" changed over time. From \"Return of the Jedi\" onwards, Palpatine became the ultimate personification of evil in \"Star Wars\", replacing Darth Vader as the central villain. When the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy was filmed, the Emperor was unnamed and his throne-world unidentified. The name would not be used in film until the prequel trilogy and the first mention of the name Palpatine came from the prologue of Alan Dean Foster's 1976 novelization of \"A New Hope\", which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12213753", "score": "0.87060404", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Galactic Empire (Star Wars)", "text": "is right for the Jedi to reappear in the galaxy and overthrow the Empire. With the end of the Clone Wars, the purging of the Jedi Order and the formation of the First Galactic Empire, Palpatine rules with absolute power as Emperor. He retains the emergency powers that had been voted to him in \"Attack of the Clones\", allowing him to rule for decades under what amounts to martial law. Lord Darth Vader is the Emperor's second-in-command and his ruthless chief enforcer, greatly feared throughout the galaxy; a command from Vader is to be considered a command from Palpatine. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "769777", "score": "0.8697413", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Lando Calrissian", "text": "name and familiar aspects of his backstory materialized in the second draft. Lando was portrayed by Billy Dee Williams in \"The Empire Strikes Back\" and \"Return of the Jedi\", and was played by Donald Glover in the film \"Solo: A Star Wars Story\". Website The Verge noted that despite Han Solo's first name being written as \"Han\" and franchise creator George Lucas also pronouncing the name as \"Han\" () off-screen, within the films most characters, including Luke Skywalker, pronounce it as \"Hahn\" (). The Verge also noted how Billy Dee Williams' Lando seems to be the only character to pronounce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "612867", "score": "0.86972684", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "Chris Rea" ]

[ { "title": "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", "text": "\"[It was in the] wrong key. It ended up being this huge California thing [see California Sound]. It’s the only track I never played guitar on which tells you something about the spirit of it. On top of that, it was just a huge hit. So there was nothing I could do. It was like: 'This is not me!'\" Rea did play keyboards on \"Fool\" with the track's background vocals provided by Rea and the Mill's assistant engineer Stuart Epps. Unsuccessful in its initial UK single release in March 1978, \"Fool\" was afforded a June 1978 release in the US", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12435366", "score": "1.119512", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", "text": "by Elkie Brooks was the first track played on Radio Caroline when the station resumed broadcasting at 10 a.m. 20 August 1983 after a down period of 41 months. Thomas Anders remade \"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\" for his 1989 album release \"Different\", said version being the third produced by Gus Dudgeon. The song has also been recorded by Dave (as \"Le palmier du pauvre\" , 1978), Kirka (as \"Luulitko kaiken menneen\" , 1979), Greger () (as \"Luulitko kaiken menneen\" - album \"Greger\", 1980) and Paul Nicholas (album \"Just Good Friends\", 1986). The song served as the theme to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12435373", "score": "1.1086605", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", "text": "floor\" - the letter in fact accompanied by a substantial royalty cheque generated by \"Fool\". Rea would remake \"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\" for his 1988 self-produced album \"New Light Through Old Windows,\" and this version of \"Fool\" would have a Dutch single release charting at #90. In 2007 Rea would again remake \"Fool\" in a session at The Mill - now known as Sol Studios - where the original had been recorded: Rea produced and played all instruments on the track which was included on his 2008 European CD release \"Fool If You Think It's Over (The Definitive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12435369", "score": "1.1037035", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Chris Rea", "text": "\"Auberge\", topped the UK Albums Chart. Rea was nominated three times for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist: in 1988, 1989 and 1990. As of 2009, he has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. In America he is best known for the 1978 hit song \"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\" that reached No. 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. This success earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. His other hit songs include, \"I Can Hear Your Heartbeat\", \"Stainsby Girls\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3847938", "score": "1.102466", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Chris Rea", "text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\", was Rea's biggest hit in the US, peaking at No. 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and reaching No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary Singles chart. Like most of Rea's early singles, \"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\" failed to appear on the UK Singles Chart on its first release and only reached No. 30 when was re-released in late 1978 to capitalise on its U.S. achievement. The overall success was Magnet Records' major breakthrough and their first Top-10 success in the U.S., making Rea their biggest artist. Levy remembers him as \"more of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3847946", "score": "1.0670075", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Fool Again", "text": "ranging from the chords of B to A#. On 12 May 2018, the song was performed on South Korean music programme \"Immortal Songs 2\" by Lee Hyun. Band member Shane Filan was the featured 'legend' and judged the participants. The video for the single was filmed in Mexico City, Mexico, most notably in locations such as Zócalo and Ciudad Satélite. The music video on YouTube has 70 million views as of December 2018. Fool Again \"Fool Again\" is a song by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released on 27 March 2000 as the fifth and last single from their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8718491", "score": "1.058792", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", "text": "Rea who recalls being dejected during the 1978 Yuletide overnight drive home from London which inspired \"Driving Home for Christmas\", at the time considering abandoning what he saw as his failing singing career to fall back on his family's established business of running a restaurant. However, when Rea and his wife Joan reached their Middlesbrough home in the early morning \"we opened the door of the house we were just about to lose the mortgage on, and the snow fell into the hall and it didn’t melt - it was that cold - and there was one letter on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12435368", "score": "1.0297394", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", "text": "where it entered the Top 40 of the Hot 100 singles chart in \"Billboard\" magazine in July 1978 to reach a #12 peak on the Hot 100 dated 16 September 1978, then being in the second week of a three-week tenure at #1 on the \"Billboard\" Easy Listening chart. On the strength its US success Rea was invited to perform \"Fool\" on the 28 September 1978 \"TOTP\" broadcast which evidently facilitated a belated UK chart run for the single with a 28 October 1978 peak of #30. The considerable success of \"Fool\" particularly in the US was evidently lost on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12435367", "score": "1.0171219", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", "text": "recording studio The Mill. The song's inspiration was the experience Rea's younger sister Paula had had some years previously of being devastated at losing her first boyfriend, \"Fool\"'s lyrics being the advice (real or imagined) with which Rea had responded to his sister's experience. Rea would recall that he had written \"Fool\" as a song which Al Green might record: (quote:) \"I’d always seen it as a Memphis [soul] song [but] I never had the chance to voice my opinion about what I thought about the production\" of his own recording of the song of which Rea has elsewhere stated:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12435365", "score": "1.0163305", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", "text": "\"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\" is the title of a popular song originally publicly released in 1978 by the British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. Rea also wrote the words and composed the music of the song, which appears on his 1978 debut album, Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Feel Your Feelings Fool!", "text": "Feel Your Feelings Fool! Feel Your Feelings Fool! is the debut studio album by American punk rock band The Regrettes. It was released on January 13, 2017, through Warner Bros. Records, and received positive reviews from music critics, garnering comparisons to 1960's girl-groups and more recent punk-rock bands. The album includes three singles. The Regrettes were formed by Lydia Night in late 2015. She had previously been a member of a rock duo, but when the group dissolved suddenly, she began a new band. According to AllMusic, she formed the group \"with guitarist Genessa Gariano, bassist Sage Nicole, and drummer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19972413", "score": "0.9846906", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Juliet Roberts", "text": "Juliet Roberts Juliet Roberts (born 1962 in London) is a British jazz, rock, soul and house music singer songwriter of Grenadian descent. She originally recorded as Julie Roberts in 1982, and performed on the 1983 Top 10 hit single, \"It's Over\" by Funk Masters. In July 1983, she released the single \"Fool For You\" backed with \"It's Been A Long, Long Time\" on the Bluebird Records label, catalogue reference BRT3. The single peaked at #77 on the Gallup chart, week ending 20 August 1983. In 1984, Roberts began a four-year stint as vocalist for the jazz group Working Week. She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4556735", "score": "0.9824648", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Fool Again", "text": "Fool Again \"Fool Again\" is a song by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released on 27 March 2000 as the fifth and last single from their self-titled debut album (1999). It became the band's fifth consecutive UK number one single and spent 12 weeks on charts. It sold over 215,000 copies in UK so far. The song debuted and peaked at number two in the band's native Ireland, making it the first Westlife song not to reach the top of the Irish chart. It was composed in the traditional verse–chorus form in E major, with Filan and Feehily's vocal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8718490", "score": "0.97801566", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ken (singer)", "text": "it was announced that Ken would be collaborating with Mystic Entertainment's Yoon Jong-shin on his monthly collaboration project, Melody Monthly. The project which has included artists like Seventeen's vocal unit and Epik High\"s Tablo, the single \"Over Sleep\" was released on May 30, 2016. On December 22, 2016, Ken contributed to \"The Legend of the Blue Sea\" soundtrack with the song \"Fool\" (). From April to May 2016, he was invited to Duet Song Festival to showcase his vocal abilities with his partner Choi Sang-yeob. They were wanted by the audience so many times for almost winning episodes which allowed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18955633", "score": "0.971473", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Fool Circle", "text": "The Fool Circle The Fool Circle is the twelfth studio album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in February 1981. \"Cocaine\" was a live cover of the song written by J. J. Cale and recorded in 1977 by Eric Clapton. There are remastered editions of the album with different sets of bonus tracks. Because in 1997 Castle Communications was unwilling to produce a 2-CD set of the double live album 'Snaz, four tracks were removed so that a remastered version could be released on a single CD. Rob Corich, who was doing the remastering, included these songs here", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7591752", "score": "0.962956", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Undertow (song)", "text": "Fool\"s album notes. Undertow (song) \"Undertow\" is a song by the American indie rock band Warpaint. It is the third track and lead single from the band's debut studio album \"The Fool\", and was released on September 21, 2010 on Rough Trade Records. Described by the band as an homage to the Nirvana song \"Polly\", \"Undertow\" received favorable acclaim and placed in the United Kingdom's Independent Singles and Independent Breakers charts upon its release. A limited edition double A-side single was released as part of Record Store Day 2012. Describing the origins of the song, bassist Jenny Lee Lindberg said", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398467", "score": "0.9505043", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lulu (singer)", "text": "\"Who's Foolin' Who\" from the \"Lulu\" album. She won the Rear of the Year award in 1983 and re-recorded a number of her songs. These included \"Shout,\" which reached the Top 10 in 1986 in the UK, securing her a spot on \"Top of the Pops\". Lulu was one of only two performers (Cliff Richard being the other) to have sung on \"Top of the Pops\" in each of the five decades that the show ran. A follow up single to \"Shout\", an updated version of Millie's 1960s hit \"My Boy Lollipop\", failed to chart and Lulu stopped recording until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1453809", "score": "0.9495127", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Russell Taylor (musician)", "text": "Russell Taylor (musician) Russell Taylor is an American singer and songwriter. In 2013, VH1 featured him as part of the \"You Oughta Know\" series. He subsequently went on to win the title of \"You Oughta Know\" artist for December. Under his original stage name \"Russell\" he released \"Fool for Love\" in 2000, which peaked at number 52 on the UK singles chart, produced by The Basement Boys, with a remix by Olav Basoski. The song was featured on the Ministry of sound collection. He was a featured vocalist on \"Last Dance\" and \"Holiday\", also by the Basement Boys and released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17667519", "score": "0.9464476", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Fool (design collective)", "text": "Their second single \"I saw you\" was a hit in the Netherlands. Simon Posthuma's son, Douwe Bob, is a Dutch singer-songwriter who represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. The Fool (design collective) The Fool were a Dutch design collective and band in the psychedelic style of art in British popular music in the late 1960s. The group was named in reference to the Fool tarot card. The original members were Dutch artists Simon (Seemon) Posthuma and Marijke Koger, who were discovered by photographer Karl Ferris among the hippie community on the Spanish island of Ibiza in 1966.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3756928", "score": "0.94586253", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Fools", "text": "Joe Holaday, who by then was working with the Beatles tribute band Beatlejuice. Holaday does, however, continue to make occasional appearances with the band. In 2010, Mike Girard's book \"Psycho Chicken & Other Foolish Tales\" published by Sons of Liberty Publishers hit the stores, which outlined the sometimes hilarious history of the band. The band continues to tour today. In February 2012, Lou Spagnola left the band and was then replaced by Bassist Eric Adamson. The Fools The Fools are a Massachusetts rock band best known for the party atmosphere of their live performances and tongue-in-cheek original songs, covers and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11212025", "score": "0.9454541", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Fool Circle", "text": "as bonus tracks to rectify this. \"The Fool Circle\" is notable for a reggae sound on many of the songs. In an interview bassist Pete Agnew commented: \"'Fool Circle' was the nearest we came to making a concept album, trying to inject a bit of humour into a pretty heavy subject. I think the fact that we recorded it on the island of Montserrat might account for a teeny bit of reggae poking its way through.\" The Fool Circle The Fool Circle is the twelfth studio album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in February 1981. \"Cocaine\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7591753", "score": "0.9433981", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Fool's Paradise (Monday Morning album)", "text": "released on August 30, 2005 through Selectric Records, which was the band's first album through the label. The album's lead single, \"Wonder of It All (Next Year)\" was played on Christian radio in 2006, and became the year's 9th most-played song on Christian contemporary hit radio. \"Fool's Paradise\" received mixed reviews from music critics, although its reception was relatively positive. Brian Jones of About.com said that the album was overall \"well done and heartfelt\", adding, \"At times they recycle the same hooks and it becomes a little redundant. I think these guys have way too much talent to have to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13291598", "score": "0.94249153", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Rush of Fools", "text": "with whom Rush of Fools soon recorded and released their self-titled debut album. Current Former Rush of Fools Rush of Fools is a Christian rock/contemporary Christian music band from Alabama, U.S. They are known for their 2007 hit single \"Undo\", co-written with producer Scott Davis, which was the most played song of 2007 on Adult Contemporary Christian Music radio stations according to R&R magazine. It was the No. 1 Christian song for five consecutive weeks from June 4 to July 2, 2007 on 20 The Countdown Magazine's charts. Their second single \"When Our Hearts Sing\" was the seventh most played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10255666", "score": "0.9412289", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Everybody's Fool", "text": "Fool', is concerned, it is a song about the stinging betrayal of deception and the refusal to become blinded by deceit any longer. There is a defiance in Lee's voice that gives the track a bold edge, and the song's heavy drums and soaring guitars further enhance the strong sound. The band surely has another chart topping hit on their hands.\" Simon Cusens of ABC Online gave the song 3 out of 5 stars calling it \"a cold, sad and angry song that I would only like to listen to without it being repeated again.\" Joe D'Angelo of MTV News", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6594172", "score": "0.94003224", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Fool (Lee Ann Womack song)", "text": "The Fool (Lee Ann Womack song) \"The Fool\" is a song written by Marla Cannon-Goodman, Gene Ellsworth and Charlie Stefl, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Ann Womack. It was released in May 1997 as the second single from her self titled debut album. The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, her first of four songs to just miss the top spot. Womack told \"Billboard\" \"The first time I played the demo, I just passed on it. I said, 'Yeah, it's a good song, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14497135", "score": "0.9399978", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am)", "text": "Norbert Putman on bass, Jerry Carrigan on drums, David Briggs on piano, and Terry Thompson and Earl \"Peanut\" Montgomery on guitar. The song was covered by Bill Deal and the Rhondels in 1969, and peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hot 100. Del Shannon covered this song on his posthumously-released album \"Rock On!\". What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am) \"What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am)\" is a 1964 single written by Ray Whitley and recorded by The Tams. The single was their most successful release on both the United States R&B and pop charts.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13793561", "score": "0.9385127", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Fool (Warpaint album)", "text": "The Fool (Warpaint album) The Fool is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band Warpaint, released on October 25, 2010, on Rough Trade Records. The album was recorded at two studios—Curves Studio and The Boat Studio—in the band's native Los Angeles, California, throughout 2010 and was produced by Tom Biller, who also shared mixing duties with Andrew Weatherall and Adam Samuels. The band describe the album as the \"older sister\" of their debut, \"Exquisite Corpse\" (2008). \"The Fool\" was released on October 25, 2010, in the United Kingdom and the following day in the United States. The album", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14833891", "score": "0.93775284", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Everybody's Fool", "text": "Everybody's Fool \"Everybody's Fool\" is a nu metal song by American rock band Evanescence. Wind-up Records released the song on June 7, 2004, as the fourth and final single from their debut studio album, \"Fallen\". It was written by Amy Lee and Ben Moody and it was produced by Dave Fortman. According to Lee, the song talks about celebrities like Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, who strip and sell their bodies instead of music to their listeners. Inspired by her sister's love for music artists who had false images, Lee wrote the song five years before the release of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6594166", "score": "0.9348941", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "American Fool", "text": "I didn't like.\" The remastered version was released March 29, 2005 on Mercury/Island/UMe and includes one bonus track, the previously unreleased title track. Producer Don Gehman stated in a 2011 interview that \"American Fool\" was fraught with layers of problems. \"We had 20 or so songs, we had a record company that was hoping we were making a Neil Diamond‑type album, and after we spent two or three months in the studio recording these songs and mixing them to the best of our ability, I can remember an A&R guy in a pink shirt coming in to listen to them", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4166776", "score": "0.92869866", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Lemon Tree (Fool's Garden song)", "text": "version of \"Spirit '91\" from the band's first album \"Once in a Blue Moon\". Lemon Tree (Fool's Garden song) \"Lemon Tree\" is a song by German band Fool's Garden from the album \"Dish of the Day\", which was released as a single in 1995 and became a major international hit in 1996. The single reached number 26 in the UK charts and remained at number one for several weeks in Germany. It also reached number one in Ireland. Peter Freudenthaler said that he wrote the song on a Sunday afternoon when he was waiting for his girlfriend. The band recorded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8719510", "score": "0.9262029", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "romantic drama", "Ingrid Bergman" ]

[ { "title": "Ingrid Bergman", "text": "Mr. Hyde\", all 1941) in the United States, Bergman co-starred with Humphrey Bogart in the classic film \"Casablanca\" (1942), which remains her best-known role. In this film, she played the role of Ilsa, the beautiful Norwegian wife of Victor Laszlo, played by Paul Henreid, an \"anti-Nazi underground hero\" who is in Casablanca, a haven from the Nazis. Bergman did not consider \"Casablanca\" to be one of her favorite performances. \"I made so many films which were more important, but the only one people ever want to talk about is that one with Bogart.\" In later years, she stated, \"I feel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "520186", "score": "1.1351781", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Humphrey Bogart", "text": "and Mary Astor as the treacherous female foil. Bogart's sharp timing and facial expressions were praised by the cast and director as vital to the quick action and rapid-fire dialogue. The film was a huge hit in theaters and a major triumph for Huston. Bogart was unusually happy with it, remarking, \"it is practically a masterpiece. I don't have many things I'm proud of ... but that's one\". Bogart gained his first real romantic lead in 1942's \"Casablanca\", playing Rick Blaine, a hard-pressed expatriate nightclub owner hiding from a shady past while negotiating a fine line among Nazis, the French", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "181344", "score": "1.1308825", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Trude Berliner", "text": "able to continue her promising movie career, receiving only bit roles in four movies, and it would be three years before she received any part in any movie. In 1942, Berliner received her first part in an American movie, \"Casablanca\". She portrayed a woman playing baccarat with a Dutch banker (played by Torben Meyer). In her one line in movie, she says to the waiter Carl (played S.Z. Sakall), \"Will you ask Rick if he will have a drink with us?\", to which Carl responds, \"Madame, he never drinks with customers. Never. I have never seen it.\" Later that year,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9687273", "score": "1.1262983", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ingrid Bergman", "text": "about \"Casablanca\" that it has a life of its own. There is something mystical about it. It seems to have filled a need, a need that was there before the film, a need that the film filled\". After \"Casablanca\", with \"Selznick's steady boosting\", she played the part of Maria in \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" (1943), which was also her first color film. For the role, she received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. The film was taken from Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same title. When the book was sold to Paramount Pictures, Hemingway stated that, \"Miss", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "520187", "score": "1.0868442", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Casablanca (1983 TV series)", "text": "in March 1944, the main character is named Rick Blaine and is portrayed in 1983 by David Soul who was born in 1943. The role of French police captain Louis Renault, originated by Claude Rains, was assigned to Hector Elizondo, Sydney Greenstreet's black marketeer Ferrari was recreated by Reuven Bar-Yotam and Sacha the bartender, played in 1942 by Leonid Kinskey, a character actor usually seen in comical portrayals, was taken as a serious role by Ray Liotta. Sam, Dooley Wilson's iconic piano player, was being interpreted by another veteran character player, Scatman Crothers, while Carl the maître d', created by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20085666", "score": "1.0499759", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Mary Dees", "text": "MGM boss Louis B. Mayer as a four-minute stand-in for Harlow, who was acting on the film \"Saratoga\" with Clark Gable, which was still in production at the time. Dees appeared in her last film role in 1946, in the Marx Brothers film \"A Night in Casablanca\". She continued to act on stage in repertory theatre until 1985. Dees died on August 4, 2004 in Lake Worth, Florida, aged 93, after a long illness. Mary Dees Mary Ella Dees (June 3, 1911 – August 4, 2004) was an American stage and screen actress who once served as a primary stand-in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15202324", "score": "1.0320029", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Joy Page", "text": "Joy Page Joy Page (November 9, 1924 – April 18, 2008) was an American actress best known for her role as the Bulgarian refugee Annina Brandel in \"Casablanca\" (1942). Born Joy Cerrette Paige, she was the daughter of Mexican-American silent film star Don Alvarado (born José Paige) and Ann Boyar (1908–1990), the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants. Her parents divorced when she was eight. In 1936, her mother married Jack L. Warner, then head of Warner Bros. studios. Warner, however, did not encourage his stepdaughter's interest in acting. Page, who initially thought the script to \"Casablanca\" was \"old fashioned\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4058872", "score": "1.029614", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Michèle Morgan", "text": "and \"Remorques\" (1941) directed by Jean Grémillon. Upon the invasion of France in 1940 by the Germans, Morgan left for the United States and Hollywood where she was contracted to RKO Pictures in 1941. Her career there proved rather disappointing, apart from \"Joan of Paris\" (1942) opposite Paul Henreid, and \"Higher and Higher\" (1943) opposite Frank Sinatra. She was tested and strongly considered for the female lead in \"Casablanca\" but RKO would not release her for the amount of money that Warner Bros. offered. Morgan did work for Warners however in \"Passage to Marseille\" (1944) with Humphrey Bogart. After the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4587872", "score": "1.0291545", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "by the local police under the command of Captain Louis Renault, the unabashedly corrupt Vichy prefect of police. Ugarte dies in custody without revealing that he entrusted the letters to Rick. Then the reason for Rick's bitterness—former lover Ilsa Lund—enters his establishment. Spotting Rick's friend and house pianist, Sam, Ilsa asks him to play \"As Time Goes By.\" Rick storms over, furious that Sam disobeyed his order never to perform that song, and is stunned to see Ilsa. She is accompanied by her husband, Victor Laszlo, a renowned fugitive Czech Resistance leader. They need the letters to escape to America", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679543", "score": "1.0223924", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's unproduced stage play Everybody Comes to Rick's. The film stars Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Paul Henreid; it also features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Dooley Wilson. Set during World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband, a Czech Resistance leader, escape from the Vichy-controlled city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Nazis.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "on December 19, 1944, in which Dooley Wilson reprised his role as Sam. Julius Epstein made two attempts to turn the film into a Broadway musical, in 1951 and 1967, but neither made it to the stage. The original play, \"Everybody Comes to Rick's\", was produced in Newport, Rhode Island, in August 1946, and again in London in April 1991, but met with no success. The film was adapted into a musical by the Takarazuka Revue, an all-female Japanese musical theater company, and ran from November 2009 through February 2010. \"Casablanca\" was part of the film colorization controversy of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679597", "score": "1.0213536", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Marcel Dalio", "text": "then appeared among the star-studded cast in \"Tales of Manhattan\" (both 1942). In the uncredited role of Emil the croupier in \"Casablanca\" (also 1942), he appeared in the scene when Captain Renault closes down Rick's Cafe American using the pretext, \"I am shocked, shocked to find that gambling is going on in here!\", Emil approaches him and hands him his usual bribe money saying, \"Your winnings sir.\", while Rick darts Emile a flabbergasted look. His wife Madeleine Lebeau was also in the film, playing Yvonne, Rick's intermittent girlfriend. On 22 June, while Lebeau was filming her scenes with Hans Twardowski", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5836603", "score": "1.0193986", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Passage to Marseille", "text": "occupied France. Renault's bomber finally lands. It has been badly shot up, and Matrac has been killed. After the squadron bury him, Freycinet reads Matrac's letter to his son that had been unable to be delivered. \"Passage to Marseille\" reunited much of the cast of \"Casablanca\" (1942), also directed by Curtiz, including Humphrey Bogart, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre and Helmut Dantine. Other actors connected to both productions included Michèle Morgan who had been the original choice for the female lead for \"Casablanca\"; Victor Francen, Philip Dorn and George Tobias who are also featured. Although exotic locales were called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8585259", "score": "1.0184244", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "initial filming date was selected for April 10, 1942, delays led to a start of production on May 25. Filming was completed on August 3, and the production cost $1,039,000 ($75,000 over budget), above average for the time. Unusually, the film was shot in sequence, mainly because only the first half of the script was ready when filming began. The entire picture was shot in the studio, except for the sequence showing Major Strasser's arrival, which was filmed at Van Nuys Airport, and a few short clips of stock footage views of Paris. The street used for the exterior shots", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679552", "score": "1.015581", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Casablanca (1983 TV series)", "text": "still another familiar comical personality, \"Cuddles\" Sakall, returned in the person of latter-day character actor Arthur Malet. Finally, the main villain, Conrad Veidt's Major Strasser, who is fatally shot by Rick at the end of the film, is likewise back, in the portrayal by English actor Patrick Horgan. Strasser is also given an aide, Lieutenant Heinz, played by Kai Wulff. The series is described as taking place over a year before the events depicted in the 1942 film. Casablanca (1983 TV series) Casablanca is an American drama series, based on the 1942 film of the same name set in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20085667", "score": "1.01508", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "high-level meeting in the city between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Office of War Information prevented screening of the film to troops in North Africa, believing it would cause resentment among Vichy supporters in the region. \"Casablanca\" received \"consistently good reviews\". Bosley Crowther of \"The New York Times\" wrote, \"The Warners ... have a picture which makes the spine tingle and the heart take a leap.\" He applauded the combination of \"sentiment, humor and pathos with taut melodrama and bristling intrigue\". Crowther noted its \"devious convolutions of the plot\", and praised the screenplay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679571", "score": "1.0137925", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "Los Angeles. Although \"Casablanca\" was an A-list film with established stars and first-rate writers, no one involved with its production expected it to be anything other than one of the hundreds of ordinary pictures produced by Hollywood that year. \"Casablanca\" was rushed into release to take advantage of the publicity from the Allied invasion of North Africa a few weeks earlier. It had its world premiere on November 26, 1942, in New York City and was released nationally in the United States on January 23, 1943. The film was a solid if unspectacular success in its initial run. Exceeding expectations,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679540", "score": "1.0105032", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Madeleine Lebeau", "text": "Irish-American boxer James J. Corbett. Lebeau learned English during a seven-week stay with Dalio on a Portuguese freighter that was seeking a port for landing. Later that year she was cast in the role of Yvonne, Humphrey Bogart's character's discarded mistress, in \"Casablanca\". Warner Bros. signed her to a $100-a-week contract for twenty-six weeks to be in a number of films. On 22 June, while she was filming her scenes in \"Casablanca\", her husband, Marcel Dalio, who played Emil the croupier in the same film, filed for divorce in Los Angeles on the grounds of desertion. They divorced in 1942.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9111908", "score": "1.0101597", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jody Lawrance", "text": "his word, Burt introduced Jody to his friend, the director of \"Casablanca\" Michael Curtiz, who cast Jody in the film \"The Scarlet Hour\" with Carol Ohmart and Tom Tryon. Now a blonde, Jody's career was reignited and Paramount Pictures signed her to a contract, earning $300 a week. In October, Jody was named as one of the Deb Stars of '55 along with Anita Ekberg and Kathryn Grant, and 1956 brought the release of \"The Leather Saint\", reuniting her with John Derek and starring Cesar Romero. In 1957, just as her career was getting back on track, Paramount suddenly released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13212246", "score": "1.0087205", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Madeleine Lebeau", "text": "of German soldiers singing \"Die Wacht am Rhein\". The camera captures the (genuine) tears on her face, and later at the end of the anthem when she cries out \"Vive la France\". France had fallen to Nazi forces, and many of the actors performing in the scene were real-life refugees from Europe. Following \"Casablanca\", Lebeau appeared in two further American films. The first was a large role in the war drama \"Paris After Dark\" (1943), with her former husband. The following year, Lebeau had a smaller role in \"Music for Millions\". She appeared on Broadway in the play \"The French", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9111910", "score": "1.005028", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "\"Casablanca\" went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, while Curtiz was selected as Best Director and the Epsteins and Koch were honored for writing the Best Adapted Screenplay—and gradually its reputation grew. Its lead characters, memorable lines, and pervasive theme song have all become iconic, and the film consistently ranks near the top of lists of the greatest films in history. In December 1941, American expatriate Rick Blaine owns an upscale nightclub and gambling den in Casablanca. \"Rick's Café Américain\" attracts a varied clientele, including Vichy French and German officials, refugees desperate to reach the still-neutral United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679541", "score": "1.0025374", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Casablanca (1955 TV series)", "text": "portrayed by heavily built Dan Seymour (who was unbilled as Abdul the doorman at Rick's in 1942). Similar to the fate which befell Major Strasser, the little conniver Ugarte, who had been reported as killed near the end of the film, is another character who is not a part of the 1955 series. Among those further down the film's cast list, S. K. Sakall (credited in a number of his later roles as S. Z. \"Cuddles\" Sakall) as Carl, Dooley Wilson as Sam and Leonid Kinskey as Sasha are reflected in the series' three supporting regulars — Ludwig Stossel (who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20084916", "score": "1.0011566", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Elisabeth Welch", "text": "years before it achieved screen fame in \"Casablanca\". In the late 1930s Welch entered two media: she appeared in films – usually as a singer, including two with Paul Robeson – and was also one of the first artists to perform on television, appearing on the BBC's new TV service from Alexandra Palace. During World War II she remained in London during the Blitz. She entertained the armed forces along with many other artists. After the war she was in many West End theatre shows, including revues. She continued on both television and radio, and was even in one pantomime,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12862102", "score": "1.0000468", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "(depending on the listener) either Vichy general Weygand or Free French general de Gaulle. The French subtitles on the official DVD read Weygand; the English ones specify de Gaulle. Weygand had been the Vichy delegate-general for the North African colonies until November 1941, a month before the film is set. But de Gaulle was the head of the Free French government in exile, so a letter signed by him would have provided no benefit. A classic MacGuffin, the letters were invented by Joan Alison for the original play and never questioned. In the same vein, though Laszlo asserts that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679605", "score": "0.9945677", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "for his attention to the details of production (down to insisting on a real parrot in the Blue Parrot bar). The difference between Bergman's and Bogart's height caused some problems. She was two inches (5 cm) taller than Bogart, and claimed Curtiz had Bogart stand on blocks or sit on cushions in their scenes together. Later, there were plans for a further scene, showing Rick, Renault and a detachment of Free French soldiers on a ship, to incorporate the Allies' 1942 invasion of North Africa. It proved too difficult to get Claude Rains for the shoot, and the scene was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679554", "score": "0.994498", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "right. The Jack Benny Fan Club can feel vindicated.\" The film was based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's then-unproduced play \"Everybody Comes to Rick's\". The Warner Bros. story analyst who read the play, Stephen Karnot, called it (approvingly) \"sophisticated hokum\", and story editor Irene Diamond, who had discovered the unproduced play on a trip to New York in 1941, convinced producer Hal Wallis to buy the rights in January 1942 for $20,000, the most anyone in Hollywood had ever paid for an unproduced play. The project was renamed \"Casablanca\", apparently in imitation of the 1938 hit \"Algiers\". Although an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679551", "score": "0.98908204", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "Harmetz argues that they \"brought to a dozen small roles in \"Casablanca\" an understanding and a desperation that could never have come from Central Casting\". They were frequently cast as Nazis in war films, even though many were Jewish. The comedian Jack Benny may have had an unbilled cameo role, as was claimed by a contemporary newspaper advertisement and in the \"Casablanca\" press book. When asked in his column \"Movie Answer Man\", critic Roger Ebert first replied, \"It looks something like him. That's all I can say.\" In a later column, he responded to a follow-up commenter, \"I think you're", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679550", "score": "0.98894745", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Casablanca (1955 TV series)", "text": "veers into spies, killers and Cold War intrigue. Billed fourth through seventh in the film's credits are Claude Rains as Captain Louis Renault, Conrad Veidt as Major Strasser, Sydney Greenstreet as Ferrari and Peter Lorre as Ugarte. The TV series retains the French police chief who bears a slightly different surname, Captain Renaud, played by Marcel Dalio (who was unbilled as Emil, Rick's gambling table croupier in 1942). The Nazi major, who had been fatally shot by Rick at the end of the film, was eliminated as a character, but Ferrari, the Fat Man with the powerful connections, was now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20084915", "score": "0.9876103", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Casablanca (film)", "text": "14, 2012, at Sotheby's for more than $600,000 to an anonymous bidder. The piano Sam \"plays\" in Rick's Café Américain, put up for auction with other film memorabilia by Turner Classic Movies at Bonhams in New York in November 2014, sold for $3.4 million. Although an initial release date was anticipated for early 1943, the film premiered at the Hollywood Theater in New York City on November 26, 1942, to coincide with the Allied invasion of North Africa and the capture of Casablanca. It went into general release on January 23, 1943, to take advantage of the Casablanca Conference, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "679570", "score": "0.98670006", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Dooley Wilson", "text": "was survived by his wife, Estelle (née Williams), who died in 1971. Dooley Wilson Arthur \"Dooley\" Wilson (April 3, 1886 – May 30, 1953) was an American actor, singer and musician who is best remembered as Sam in the 1942 film, \"Casablanca\"; in the film, he also performed its theme song, \"As Time Goes By\". Wilson was a drummer and singer who led his own band in the 1920s, touring nightclubs in London and Paris. In the 1930s he took up acting, playing supporting roles onstage on Broadway and in a series of modest films. His role in \"Casablanca\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3751138", "score": "0.98617214", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Wakanda" ]

[ { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "indestructible shield is more durable than regular adamantium and one of the most indestructible objects in The Marvel Universe. The vibranium grants the shield unusual properties, allowing it to absorb all of the kinetic impact and vibrations from any blows that the shield receives without injuring Rogers in the process. The vibranium is also a factor in the way Rogers throws his shield: he often uses it to ricochet and strike multiple opponents or stationary objects with little loss of velocity in its forward movement after each impact. When Rogers returns from suspended animation, Tony Stark \"improves\" the shield by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888041", "score": "1.2685955", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Myron MacLain", "text": "they were presumably destroyed. The experimental metal used to construct Captain America's shield, it is one of the most impervious metals in the Marvel Universe. While he may have created it by accident and with some luck from the mysterious X-factor, he is mostly known because of its creation. The vibranium composition allows it to absorb vibratory energy as well as kinetic energy directed towards it. Neither he nor anyone else has ever been able to reproduce it, no matter the amount of years, funding, or skills appropriated to such attempts. While not nearly as strong as his first invention,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5275709", "score": "1.2568353", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Captain America", "text": "as steel, or even a photonic energy shield designed to mimic a vibranium matrix. Rogers, having relinquished his regular shield to Barnes, carried a variant of the energy shield which can be used with either arm, and used to either block attacks or as an improvised offensive weapon able to cut through metal with relative ease. Much like his Vibranium shield, the energy shield can be thrown, including ricocheting off multiple surfaces and returning to his hand. Captain America's uniform is made of a fire-retardant material, and he wears a lightweight, bulletproof duralumin scale armor beneath his uniform for added", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95075", "score": "1.1993942", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Captain America", "text": "a time using an energy based shield as a temporary replacement. Following Waid's run, Dan Jurgens took over and introduced new foe Protocide, a failed recipient of the Super Soldier serum prior to the experiment that successfully created Rogers. Some time after this, Rogers' original shield was retrieved, but subtle damage sustained during the battle with the Beyonder resulted in it being shattered and a 'vibranium cancer' being triggered that would destroy all vibranium in the world, with Rogers nearly being forced to destroy the shield before a confrontation with the villain Klaw saw Klaw's attacks unwittingly repair the shield's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95043", "score": "1.1721534", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "The shield is created by a fictional American metallurgist named Myron MacLain, who had been commissioned by the US government to create an indestructible armor material to aid the war effort. MacLain experiments with the indestructible vibration-absorbing metal vibranium. During one of his experiments to fuse vibranium with an experimental iron alloy, MacLain falls asleep and awakens to find that the resulting alloy had set in a tank hatch mold. It was then painted to become Captain America's symbol. MacLain would later attempt to recreate the shield's metal to no avail, his experiments instead eventually yielding the super-metal adamantium. Rogers'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888040", "score": "1.1031204", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Captain America", "text": "which Captain America's 1950s imitator and Nuke are the most notorious examples. Captain America has used multiple shields throughout his history, the most prevalent of which is a nigh-indestructible disc-shaped shield made from an experimental alloy of steel and the fictional vibranium. The shield was cast by American metallurgist Dr. Myron MacLain, who was contracted by the U.S. government, from orders of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, to create an impenetrable substance to use for tanks during World War II. This alloy was created by accident and never duplicated, although efforts to reverse-engineer it resulted in the discovery of adamantium. Captain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95073", "score": "1.0933199", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "was created by the team of writer-artist Joe Simon and artist Jack Kirby. Captain America's shield is virtually indestructible under normal conditions. While cosmic and magical or godly opponents have broken the shield, the shield proves strong enough to absorb Hulk's strength, and repel an attack from Thor's mystical hammer Mjölnir without any visible damage. Due to its construction of a vibranium and Iron alloy, it is able to absorb all kinetic energy and transfers very little energy from each impact, preventing Captain America from feeling recoil or transferred impact forces when blocking attacks. This alloy also allows him to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888031", "score": "1.0632498", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Captain America: The Captain", "text": "that he was caught in the middle of Stark's personal Armor Wars. After being knocked out by Iron Man while trying to stop him from attacking the Guardmen at the Vault, Rogers confronts Stark and return the adamantium shield. However, the Black Panther gives Rogers a black-striped shield composed of pure vibranium. Later, Diamondback helps Rogers, Falcon, Vagabond, Demolition Man, and Nomad stops the Serpent Society. Meanwhile, the Nazi discovers Walker's identity and murdered his parents causing Walker to flew into a rage and exacted a terrible revenge. His recklessness and his refusal to obey orders were too much for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19245716", "score": "1.0538999", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Alternative versions of Captain America", "text": "616 universe as Nuke. As scientists were unable to recreate the Super Soldier serum, they used cybernetics and steroids to enhance Simpson, which eventually eroded his sanity. Steve Rogers is selected for the Weapon X program. He is given a procedure similar to Wolverine's that bonds vibranium to his skeleton. He is given the code name Vibram. Alternative versions of Steve Rogers are seen within several issues of the \"What If?\" series. In Earth-199999, this version of Steve Rogers / Captain America is played by actor Chris Evans. The character borrows elements from both the Mainstream and Ultimate versions particularly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10707243", "score": "1.0437297", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "While the origin and fate of the original shield were not described in the original comics from the 1940s, the shield's fate was revealed decades later in 2001 through a retconned story. According to the tale, King T'Chaka of the African nation Wakanda met Captain America in early 1941 and gave him a second sample of vibranium, an alien metal with unique vibration absorption properties and found only in Wakanda and the Savage Land. The new Vibranium sample was used to make Captain America's circular shield and his triangular one was retired.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "\"The Infinity Gauntlet\", Thanos, who possesses near-omnipotence via the Infinity Gauntlet, shatters the shield with a blow of his fist while in combat with Captain America. The shield is soon restored by Thanos' alleged granddaughter, Nebula, when she obtains the Gauntlet and uses it to undo the events of Thanos's temporary godhood, resulting in her erasing the death and destruction that Thanos had caused over the previous 24 hours. Due to a stray molecule being out of place when Rogers reconstructed the shield using the Beyonder's residual power, a vibranium 'cancer' was introduced to the shield, spreading with each subsequent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888049", "score": "1.042529", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "U.S. Agent (character)", "text": "having received rigorous training in unarmed combat and the use of his shield in a style similar to Captain America's own fighting style by the Taskmaster. He is a seasoned combat veteran with military combat experience in tactical and strategic planning, observations, and special operations, has been shown to have a fluent grasp of the Arabic language, is technically proficient enough to bypass an advanced security system, is a qualified fixed-wing pilot, a trained scuba diver, and is highly proficient in the use of conventional firearms. He is capable of using his nearly indestructible vibranium shield for defensive purposes and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5097758", "score": "1.0224648", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "is stored in a trophy room belonging to the alien \"Horde\" invaders. Captain America's shield is a recurring image throughout the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise: Captain America's shield Captain America's shield is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by the Marvel Comics superhero Captain America; he is seldom seen without it. Over the years, Captain America has had the use of several different shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in \"Captain America Comics\" #1 (March 1941), published", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888053", "score": "1.0223942", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "Superman is given the shield by Captain America to wield in battle in the final confrontation with Krona, and is impressed with its might. When he asks where he could get one just like it while battling foes, Thor replies, \"Enjoy it while thou canst, Superman. There is none other like it in \"all\" the worlds\". Throughout the final battle, the shield changes forms between the pointed shield and the circular shield due to various temporal ripples caused by Krona's equipment, and Superman even loses the shield altogether at one point when he morphs into his energy form while Cap", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888046", "score": "1.0109907", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Ka-Zar (comics)", "text": "vibranium in the Savage Land. Soon afterward as part of the \"Secret Invasion\" storyline, a Skrull ship crashes in the Savage Land releasing earlier versions of modern superheroes (who claim to be the originals replaced by Skrulls for some time), and who have escaped. Shanna and Ka-Zar soon learn, however, that these are simply more Skrulls in disguise. Spider-Man soon encounters Ka-Zar, Shanna, Zabu, and some of the natives accusing them of being Skrulls. Just then, the Captain America from the ship attacked thinking the same for Spider-Man. Ka-Zar, Shanna, and Zabu help Spider-Man fight the Captain America from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3289212", "score": "1.009578", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Captain America and the Falcon", "text": "They wish to use this to synthesize acetovaxidol in order to stave off the withdrawal the \"Anti-Cap\" is facing. Having obtained this they go to the Wakandan consulate in New York where they have hidden the \"Anti-Cap.\" After this they go to confront Fury and Westbrook. Chaos erupts at the meeting after the Falcon shoots Westbrook, who is saved by the bulletproof vest he is wearing. This chaos is briefly stopped when the Scarlet Witch arrives with Henry Pym to reveal his final analysis of \"WWIII in a Petri dish.\" He says that it isn't a bio-weapon, but is instead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11480694", "score": "1.00752", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "deflect adamantium blades without damage to the shield. These physical properties also means the shield can bounce off of most smooth surfaces, ricocheting multiple times with minimal loss in aerodynamic stability or velocity. The shield can also absorb the kinetic impact of a fall, allowing Captain America to land safely even when jumping from several stories, as demonstrated in \"\". A common misconception is that the shield can \"magically\" return to Captain America . The \"superhuman serum\" that enhanced Captain America's physical attributes also improved his mental faculties—such as cognition, perception, balance, aim, and reflexes—to near genius-level. This allows him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888032", "score": "1.0007066", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "incorporating electronic and magnetic components in it so that Rogers can even control it in flight. Rogers soon discards the additional components because he finds that it upsets the balance of the shield when thrown. After Rogers' death, Stark takes over custody of the shield, with one replica on display in a museum, and another replica buried with Rogers. The real one is kept by Stark to be used by the new Captain America, whenever they deem it appropriate to train a new one. After failing to find a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent capable of throwing it properly, Stark offers the shield", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888042", "score": "1.0005178", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "reacquires the photonic shield, although the metal shield reappears on Superman's arm after he morphs back into his regular form. Over time the shield has been damaged or destroyed several times within the confines of the Earth-616 continuity: In \"The Avengers\" #215–216, the Molecule Man used his total control over matter to disintegrate the shield, along with Thor's hammer, Iron Man's armor, and the Silver Surfer's board. After he does so, he comments that the board's molecules are \"weird\", and while there are \"odd forces interweaving\" among the hammer's molecules, the shield is \"weirdest of all\". He later reassembles these", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888047", "score": "0.9984138", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "Hydra sleeper agent, Rogers uses his precise knowledge of the shield to put Sam Wilson, its current wielder, in a position where he will fail to save a senator from Flag-Smasher by arranging for Wilson to be forced to throw the shield in a manner that Rogers knows from his own experience will miss its target by mere millimetres, as part of his agenda to undermine Sam's status as Captain America. In his debut, Captain America (secretly U.S. Army Private Steve Rogers) is equipped with a heater style shield made from steel. After complaints by rival comic-book publisher MLJ that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888034", "score": "0.994506", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Lego Marvel's Avengers", "text": "has her use her synthetic-tissue technology, together with vibranium and the scepter's gem, to perfect a new body for him. Before he can upload himself into the body, Scarlet Witch reads his mind and learns his plan for human extinction, leading the Maximoffs to turn against Ultron. Captain America, Black Widow, and Hawkeye fight Ultron and his drones in a stolen truck and succeed in retrieving the synthetic body, but Ultron captures Black Widow. The fight causes a train to derail, but Captain America manages to stop it with the Maximoffs' help. The Avengers argue over Iron Man's plan to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18559432", "score": "0.9944118", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Bucky (Marvel Comics)", "text": "become useless. The use of Barnes' EMP is shown when Barnes uses it to shut down a Nick Fury LMD and when he attempts to use it on Iron Man. The arm has a holographic function to disguise it as a flesh and blood arm. As Captain America, he possesses the original, indestructible, vibranium alloy shield used by his predecessor, as well as a Kevlar/Nomex blend, shock-absorbing costume. He often carries several conventional weapons such as knives, guns - mostly a Colt 1911-A1 .45 and a P08 Luger - and grenades. Fred Davis Jr., created by Steve Englehart and Sal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4631346", "score": "0.9941368", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "Captain America's shield Captain America's shield is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by the Marvel Comics superhero Captain America; he is seldom seen without it. Over the years, Captain America has had the use of several different shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in \"Captain America Comics\" #1 (March 1941), published by Marvel's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. The circular shield best associated with the character debuted in the next issue, \"Captain America Comics\" #2. Captain America", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888030", "score": "0.98636603", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Captain America: The First Avenger", "text": "back, for use on a daily basis. ... And then we had a stunt shield made of polyurethane, which is sort of a synthetic rubber ... and we made an ultrasoft one we put on [Evans'] back, so that if there were an accident, it wouldn't hurt him.\" Visual effects supervisor Christopher Townsend said Evans \"would practice swinging the practical shield so he knew the arc and the speed at which he should move. We would take the shield from him and shoot the scene with him miming it. Then we would add in a CG shield\". Hugo Weaving, who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14483977", "score": "0.9813833", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "shield, and to serve as the new Captain America. Bucky accepts. This offer is made \"off the books\", and only the two of them, the Black Widow, and the Falcon, are aware of the situation. Although Bucky attempted to return the shield to Rogers after his resurrection, Rogers let Bucky keep it as he felt that he could do more good in his new role as Commander Steve Rogers rather than Captain America, using a photonic shield in its place when circumstances called for him to go into combat. He reclaimed the shield for good after Bucky was apparently killed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888044", "score": "0.978883", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Bucky Barnes", "text": "possesses the original, indestructible, vibranium alloy shield used by his predecessor, as well as a Kevlar/Nomex blend shock-absorbing costume. He often carries several conventional weapons such as knives, guns—mostly a Colt 1911A1 .45 and a P08 Luger—and grenades. In the DC Comics/Marvel Comics one-shot intercompany crossover \"Batman/Captain America\" (Dec. 1996), written and drawn by John Byrne and set during World War II, Bucky briefly takes Robin's place as Batman's sidekick, while Robin becomes Captain America's sidekick. In this alternate reality (set in one of DC Comics' numerous \"Elseworlds\" continuities), Bucky dies (off-page) as he had done in numerous \"Avengers\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18947484", "score": "0.9781822", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Captain America: Reborn", "text": "Sharon arrives to take him to the party in his honor, but Rogers asks for one peaceful moment with her first. The \"Captain America: Reborn\" series concludes with the one shot, \"Captain America: Who Will Wield the Shield?\" In Captain America's Brooklyn hideout, Bucky brainstorms ideas for a new costume. After Black Widow poses the question why there couldn't be two Captain Americas, Bucky states \"there's only \"one\" Cap...and it's Steve Rogers.\" In another room, Sharon Carter expresses concerns about Steve not being able to sleep for the past four days. Steve explains that after the recent ordeal, he fears", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13484689", "score": "0.97507966", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2", "text": "Zola speaks through the intercom to Captain America and alerts all Hydra agents to their location. While they catch up to Klaw, Bowman, and Tactical Force, Captain America, Black Panther, and Star-Lord also fight the Hydra agents sent by Arnim Zola. When Klaw is defeated, Arnim Zola unleashes the Vibranium Troopers on Captain America, Black Panther, and Star-Lord while Baron Zemo flies by on a biplane. While Black Panther chases after the Vibranium Troopers that made off with Klaw, Captain America and Star-Lord face off against Baron Zemo in a hijacked plane. As Baron Zemo's biplane crash-lands, Black Panther arrives", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20158710", "score": "0.97402227", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Captain America's shield", "text": "items, with the exception of the armor, as the electronic circuits are too complicated for him to understand at that time. During the 1984-1985 \"Secret Wars\" limited series, the shield is partially destroyed by Doctor Doom, who has stolen the power of the godlike being known as the Beyonder. Even broken, Rogers is able to wield what is left as an effective weapon, with the shield largely retaining its balance when thrown. When the Beyonder reclaims its power, the heroes are temporarily granted the ability to realize their wishes. Rogers uses this to reconstruct the shield. During the 1991 miniseries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6888048", "score": "0.9728862", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Earth X", "text": "the Avengers, considering himself unfit for the team. Shortly afterward, Reed Richards constructs a worldwide network of vibranium power centers to solve the looming energy crisis, but the experiment fails when one of Reed's scientists falls into the reactor, causing a worldwide explosive chain reaction. The scientist that fell into the reactor became encased within vibranium and discovered that she can manipulate the rare metal, becoming the Iron Maiden. The Terrigen Mists begin mutating Earth's human population, though much of the world blames \"Plague X\" on Richards' failed experiment. Benny Beckley, the young son of Comet Man, gains the ability", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5669583", "score": "0.97145", "original_retrieval_index": 43 } ]

[ "April 26, 2005", "2005" ]

[ { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "were rebranded under the name The Source by Circuit City. Radio Shack briefly re-entered the Canadian market, but eventually closed all stores to refocus attention on its core U.S. business. In March 2012, Malaysian company Berjaya Retail Berhad, entered into a franchising agreement with Radio Shack. This had grown to a thousand stores franchised abroad at the time of the chain's first bankruptcy filing in 2015. Later that year, the company announced a second franchising deal with Chinese company, Cybermart. Berjaya had six stores in Malaysia before it quietly ceased operations in 2017. In 1986, Grupo Gigante signed a deal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158868", "score": "1.0873227", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Source (retailer)", "text": "The Source (retailer) The Source (Bell) Electronics Inc., doing business as The Source (), is a Canadian consumer electronics and cell phone retail chain. The chain goes back over 40 years in Canada, initially as Radio Shack and later as The Source by Circuit City. The Source is now owned by BCE Inc., which purchased the assets of InterTAN from its parent, American retailer Circuit City, in 2009. The Source is a unit of 4458729 Canada Inc. and is based in Barrie, Ontario. The Source began as the Canadian branch of Radio Shack (later \"RadioShack\"). The chain was originally owned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5061156", "score": "1.0561192", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "proprietary 8-bit computers to its proprietary IBM PC compatible Tandy computers, removing the \"Radio Shack\" name from the product in an attempt to shake off the long-running nicknames \"Radio Scrap\" and \"Trash 80\" to make the product appeal to business users. Poor compatibility, shrinking margins and a lack of economies of scale led Radio Shack to exit the computer-manufacturing market in the 1990s after losing much of the desktop PC market to newer, price-competitive rivals like Dell. Tandy acquired the Computer City chain in 1991, and sold the stores to CompUSA in 1998. In 1994, RadioShack began selling IBM's Aptiva", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158823", "score": "1.0029292", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Source (retailer)", "text": "by Radio Shack's American parent company Tandy Corporation, but was spun off in June 1986, along with the rest of Tandy's international operations, as InterTAN. A licensing agreement with what became RadioShack Corporation allowed InterTAN to continue to use the chain's name and logo. InterTAN abandoned its non-profitable West German stores in 1987, left Belgium and France in 1993, sold its British stores to Carphone Warehouse in 1999 and sold its Australian stores to Woolworth subsidiary Dick Smith Electronics in 2002, leaving just the Canadian Radio Shack, Battery Plus and Rogers Plus stores. In May 2004, InterTAN was acquired by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5061157", "score": "1.0017718", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "as it entered the high fidelity music market. In 1954, Radio Shack began selling its own private-label products under the brand name \"Realist\", changing the brand name to \"Realistic\" after being sued by Stereo Realist. After expanding to nine stores plus an extensive mail-order business, the company fell on hard times in the 1960s. Radio Shack was essentially bankrupt, but Charles D. Tandy saw the potential of Radio Shack and retail consumer electronics and bought the company for US$300,000. The Tandy Corporation, a leather goods corporation, was looking for other hobbyist-related businesses into which it could expand. At the time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158811", "score": "0.9631624", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Norman Krim", "text": "with Radio Shack to market the hobby grade transistors. Other manufacturers followed soon after. \"Early- Before 1956\" \"Later as transistor yield improved and size got smaller- After 1956\" In the later runs Raytheon kept the bigger transistor case size for the CK721 and CK722. A possible reason was marketing. The size was like an identifying physical trademark. Many people who used these transistor still remembered what they looked like. Although Regency is credited of building and marketing the first Transistor Radio (Model TR-1 in 1954), Raytheon was only a few months behind with the 8TP1 through 4 \"lunchbox\" style radio.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16169174", "score": "0.9513438", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "TRS-80", "text": "each time a key was pressed, to provide audible feedback for the typist. One Radio Shack spokesman described the Model 4's sound generator as \"being intended for business alerts\". \"BYTE\" in October 1983 noted the lack of native software for the Model 4 but praised its backwards compatibility and TRSDOS 6's new features. The magazine concluded that the Model 4 \"provides a lot of flexible computing power ... Radio Shack has a guaranteed winner\". Gate Array Model 4 The original version of the Model 4 (Radio Shack catalog number 26-1069) did not use gate array logic chips on its CPU", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "425462", "score": "0.9487391", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "TRS-80", "text": "sell computers.\" As the popularity of CB radio—at one point comprising more than 20% of Radio Shack's sales—declined, however, the company sought new products. In December 1976 French and Leininger received official approval for the project but were told to emphasize cost savings; for example, leaving out lowercase characters saved US$1.50 in components and reduced the retail price by . In February 1977 they showed their prototype, running a simple tax-accounting program, to Charles Tandy, head of Tandy Corporation. The program quickly crashed as the computer could not handle the figure that Tandy typed in as his salary, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "425353", "score": "0.94225776", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Tandy Corporation", "text": "were branded as RadioShack, however, because Circuit City lost the naming rights. Later, all of these RadioShacks were re-branded as \"The Source by Circuit City\" (now called just The Source). Some of these stores have since closed. In 2009, Circuit City sold The Source to Bell Canada Enterprises (BCE). In 2012, Tandy Corporation Ltd, a UK company, acquired the UK rights to the Tandy brand from RadioShack. It now operates as an on-line retailer of electronic components and kits at tandyonline.com. In 1975, Tandy spun off Color Tile, a chain of tile and flooring stores, along with its other non-electronic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "430254", "score": "0.9306404", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Source (retailer)", "text": "On April 26, 2005, Circuit City announced that the stores would be renamed The Source by Circuit City (La Source par Circuit City in Quebec). The rebranding process was completed in the majority of the chain's Canadian stores by July 1, 2005. The chain also introduced new house brands, including Nexxtech and Centrios, in place of RadioShack store brands.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "were built from kits, backed by a nationwide retail chain when computer stores were in their infancy. Sales of the initial, primitive US$600 TRS-80 exceeded all expectations despite its limited capabilities. This was followed by the TRS-80 Color Computer in 1980, designed to attach to a television. Tandy also inspired the \"Tandy Computer Whiz Kids\" (1982-1991), a comic-book duo of teen calculator enthusiasts who teamed up with the likes of Archie and Superman. Radio Shack's computer stores offered lessons to pre-teens as \"Radio Shack Computer Camp\" in the early 1980s. In the mid-1980s, Radio Shack began a transition from its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158822", "score": "0.9282311", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "TRS-80", "text": "and a TRSDOS 6 utility called TAPE100/CMD, which stored Model 100 programs and data as TRSDOS disk files. Programs and files could also be transferred back and forth via an RS-232 serial cable. Both the Model 4 and the Model 100 came with terminal software as a built-in feature. The Model 4 has the ability to display 640×240 or 512×192 high-resolution monochrome graphics with an optional board which attaches to a socket connector on the logic board. The Radio Shack Model 4 graphics board retailed for $249 and included a modified version of Microsoft BASIC (called BasicG) with commands for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "425456", "score": "0.9271674", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "Hong Kong and the Philippines. The Flavoradio carried the Realistic name until about 1998 when it switched to \"Radio Shack\" then finally \"Optimus\". When the Flavoradio was dropped from the catalog in 2001, it was the last AM-only radio on the market. The chain profited from the mass popularity of citizens band radio in the mid-1970s which, at its peak, represented nearly 30% of the chain's revenue. In 1977, two years after the MITS Altair 8800, Radio Shack introduced the TRS-80, one of the first mass-produced personal computers. This was a complete pre-assembled system at a time when many microcomputers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158821", "score": "0.9177901", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "TRS-80", "text": "had much to do with Tandy's retailing the computer through more than 3,000 of its Radio Shack storefronts in the USA. Tandy claimed it had \"7000 [Radio Shack] stores in 40 countries\".<ref name=\"Tandy/Radio Shack\"></ref> The pre-release price for the basic system (CPU/keyboard and video monitor) was US$500 and a US$50 deposit was required, with a money-back guarantee at time of delivery. By 1978, Tandy/Radio Shack promoted itself as \"The Biggest Name in Little Computers\". By 1980 \"InfoWorld\" described Radio Shack as \"the dominant supplier of small computers\". \"Kilobaud Microcomputing\" estimated that it was selling three times as many computers as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "425360", "score": "0.9162692", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "Commission to allocate frequencies for the Family Radio Service, a short-range walkie-talkie system that proved popular. From the 1960s until the early 1990s, Radio Shack promoted a \"battery of the month\" club; a free wallet-sized cardboard card offered one free Enercell a month in-store. Like the free tube testing offered in-store in the early 1970s, this small loss leader drew foot traffic. The cards also served as generic business cards for the salespeople. In 1970, Tandy Corporation bought Allied Radio Corporation (both retail and industrial divisions), merging the brands into Allied Radio Shack and closing duplicate locations. After a 1973", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158819", "score": "0.91521084", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "Equipment Corporation, GRiD, Olivetti, AST Computer, Panasonic, and others. The company manufactured everything from store fixtures to computer software to wire and cable, TV antennas, audio and video tape. At one point, Radio Shack was the world's largest electronics chain. In June 1991, Tandy closed or restructured its 200 Radio Shack Computer Centers, acquired Computer City, and attempted to shift its emphasis away from components and cables, toward mainstream consumer electronics. Tandy sold its computer manufacturing to AST Research in 1993, including the laptop computer Grid Systems Corporation which it had purchased in 1988. It sold the Memorex consumer recording", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158815", "score": "0.91444445", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "TRS-80", "text": "and the Model III DOS was rewritten from scratch; this also created some compatibility issues since the Model III DOS's API was not entirely identical to the Model I DOS. This was primarily to avoid legal disputes with Randy Cook over ownership of the code as had occurred with Model I DOS and also because Radio Shack originally planned to include several features in the Model III such as 80 column text support that ended up not materializing. Two early versions, 1.1 and 1.2, were replaced by version 1.3 in 1981 which became the standard Model III OS. TRS-DOS 1.3", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "425422", "score": "0.9101961", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "TRS-80", "text": "did not sell. Having spent less than on development, Radio Shack announced the TRS-80 (Tandy Radio Shack) at a New York City press conference on August 3, 1977. It cost ($ today), or ($ today) with a 12\" monitor and a Radio Shack tape recorder as datacassette storage; the most expensive product Radio Shack previously sold was a stereo. The company hoped that the new computer would help Radio Shack sell higher-priced products, and improve its \"schlocky\" image among customers. Small businesses were the primary target market, followed by educators, then consumers and hobbyists; despite its hobbyist customer base, Radio", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "425355", "score": "0.90897024", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "the United States while other companies own the brand in the rest of the world since 2015. Mexico-based Grupo Gigante, through it subsidiary RadioShack de México, owns the RadioShack brand within Mexico. El Salvador-based Unicomer Group owns the RadioShack brand within Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Egypt-based Delta RS for Trading owns the RadioShack brand within North Africa and the Middle East. All four companies are legally separate and unrelated. The company was started as \"Radio Shack\" in 1921 by two brothers, Theodore and Milton Deutschmann, who wanted to provide equipment for the then-nascent field of amateur, or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158809", "score": "0.9077127", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Source (retailer)", "text": "well as a large selection of headphones including the Monster and Skullcandy headphone line-up. The Source also carries house brand products, under brands such as Nexxtech, Headrush, Kapsule (Previously known as GnarlyFish), Fluid and Xtreme Gaming. The Source (retailer) The Source (Bell) Electronics Inc., doing business as The Source (), is a Canadian consumer electronics and cell phone retail chain. The chain goes back over 40 years in Canada, initially as Radio Shack and later as The Source by Circuit City. The Source is now owned by BCE Inc., which purchased the assets of InterTAN from its parent, American retailer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5061162", "score": "0.90709263", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Radio shack", "text": "Radio shack A radio shack is a room or structure used for housing radio equipment. During radio's early days, equipment was experimental and often home-built. The first radio transmitters used a loud spark gap to generate radio waves, and so were often housed in a separate outbuilding or shed. When radio was first adopted by the U.S. Navy, a small, wooden structure placed on deck to house the ship's radio equipment became known as the \"radio shack\". Today, a radio shack can be anywhere that radio equipment is housed and operated, usually a room such as with amateur radio stations,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8524349", "score": "0.9070795", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "ham radio. The brothers opened a one-store retail and mail-order operation in the heart of downtown Boston at 46 Brattle Street. They chose the name \"Radio Shack\", which was the term for a small, wooden structure that housed a ship's radio equipment. The Deutschmanns thought the name was appropriate for a store that would supply the needs of radio officers aboard ships, as well as \"hams\" (amateur radio operators). The term was already in use — and is to this day — by hams when referring to the location of their stations. The company issued its first catalog in 1939", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158810", "score": "0.9055888", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "individual RadioShack stores, but there was no communicated relationship to RadioShack itself. Had the test proved successful, RadioShack could have moved to convert existing RadioShack locations into PointMobl stores in certain markets. While some PointMobl products, such as car power adapters and phone cases, were (and still are) carried as store-brand products in RadioShack stores, the stand-alone PointMobl stores were closed and the concept abandoned in March 2011. In August 2009, RadioShack rebranded itself as \"The Shack\". The campaign increased sales of mobile products, but at the expense of its core components business. RadioShack aggressively promoted Dish Network subscriptions. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158830", "score": "0.8986087", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "RadioShack had not made products under the Realistic name since the early 1990s. Support for many of Radio Shack's traditional product lines, including amateur radio, had ended by 2006. A handful of small-town franchise dealers used their ability to carry non-RadioShack merchandise to bring in parts from outside sources, but these represented a minority. In mid-December 2008, RadioShack opened three concept stores under the name \"PointMobl\" to sell wireless phones and service, netbooks, iPod and GPS navigation devices. The three Texas stores (Dallas, Highland Village and Allen) were furnished with white fixtures like those in the remodelled wireless departments of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158829", "score": "0.8923502", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "TRS-80 Color Computer", "text": "enabled in BASIC, however the resourceful user could enable them by setting certain memory registers. Midway during the production run of these final CoCo 2s, the nameplate was changed from \"Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer 2\" to \"Tandy Color Computer 2\". The red, green, and blue shapes were replaced with red, green, and blue parallelograms. By 1985, Color Computer users worried that the company would abandon their computer in favor of the Tandy 1000. Tandy executive Ed Juge stated that year that \"No home computer on the market today has the potential horsepower of the Color Computer ... we believe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "430034", "score": "0.89194274", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "for US$31.8 million, two months prior to the bankruptcy filing, but had only had to hand over US$11.8 million to RadioShack Corp. for also assuming approximately US$20 million in debt liabilities. While Radio Shack was facing a second bankruptcy in the United States, Grupo Gigante announced in October 2017 that they planned to expand the Radio Shack brand within Mexico by opening eight more stores. When Radio Shack Corporation filed for bankruptcy the first time in 2015, the Unicomer Group (Grupo Unicomer) purchased the Radio Shack brand from the bankruptcy court for its exclusive use in Central America, South America,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158871", "score": "0.8912338", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "of the \"Tandy Radio Shack & Leather\" 1962 acquisition, the Radio Shack chain was nearly bankrupt. Tandy's strategy was to appeal to hobbyists. It created small stores that were staffed by people who knew electronics, and sold mainly private brands. Tandy closed Radio Shack's unprofitable mail-order business, ended credit purchases and eliminated many top management positions, keeping the salespeople, merchandisers and advertisers. The number of items carried was cut from 40,000 to 2,500, as Tandy sought to \"identify the 20% that represents 80% of the sales\" and replace Radio Shack's handful of large stores with many \"little holes in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158812", "score": "0.89064133", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "RadioShack", "text": "company already had over one million parts in its extensive parts warehouses and 128 service centers throughout the US and Canada; it hoped to leverage these to build customer relationships and increase store traffic. Len Roberts, president of the Radio Shack division since 1993, estimated that the new repair business could generate $500 million per year by 1999. \"America's technology store\" was abandoned for the \"you've got questions, we've got answers\" slogan in 1994. In early summer 1995, the company changed its logo; \"Radio Shack\" was spelled in CamelCase as \"RadioShack\". In 1996, RadioShack successfully petitioned the US Federal Communications", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158818", "score": "0.8878708", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Tandy Corporation", "text": "told by customers that the Radio Shack name was a problem in the office\". In the mid-1980s, it began selling peripherals compatible with non-Tandy products such as the IBM PC. In 1987, \"BYTE\" wrote that \"Tandy might now be offering the most extensive lines of computer products in the world\", including the $99 Color Computer 2, $499 Model 102 notebook, various PC compatibles, and the $3,499 Tandy 6000 Xenix system. The company acquired GRiD Systems in March 1988. Grid Systems was a laptop manufacturer whose products included the GRiD Compass (1982), GRiDCase (1985), GRiDLite (1987), and GRiDPad (1990) tablet computer.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "430247", "score": "0.88650864", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "ExOR (wireless network protocol)", "text": "head of the list. Also, the source radio starts a list of the packets in the batch in order to measure packets' progress. This \"batch map\" is an array of radio numbers, one per packet. Each radio number is the radio that transmitted that packet, and was closest to the destination radio. Each data packet has the list of radios, and packets placed in the front. The list saves space in each packet by using radio numbers rather than IP addresses. Then, the sending radio broadcasts the first batch of data packets. It starts a timer. Radios that receive a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10810603", "score": "0.8856088", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Florida", "Menorca" ]

[ { "title": "Spain–United States relations", "text": "recaptured Mobile and in 1781 took by land and by sea Pensacola, leaving the British with no bases in the Gulf of Mexico. In recognition for his actions to the American cause, George Washington took him to his right in the parade of July 4 and the American Congress cited Gálvez for his aid during the Revolution. Another notable contributor was Don Diego de Gardoqui, who was appointed as Spain's first ambassador to the United States of America in 1784. Gardoqui became well acquainted with George Washington, and also marched in the newly elected President Washington's inaugural parade. King Charles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11485214", "score": "1.030968", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "New Mexico", "text": "Louisiana was admitted as a state. The US then reclassified this area as part of the Missouri Territory. This region of the state (along with territory that makes up present-day southeastern Colorado, the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles, and southwestern Kansas) was ceded to Spain under the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819. The independent Republic of Texas also claimed this portion of New Mexico. By 1800, the Spanish population had reached 25,000, but Apache and Comanche raids on Hispanic settlers were common until well into the period of U.S. occupation. Following the victory of the United States in the Mexican–American War (1846–48),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "293534", "score": "1.0022273", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Spain and the American Revolutionary War", "text": "company that had greatly assisted the rebels during the war, was appointed as Spain's first ambassador to the United States of America in 1784. Gardoqui became well acquainted with George Washington, and marched in the newly elected President Washington's inaugural parade. King Charles III of Spain continued communications with Washington, sending him livestock from Spain that Washington had requested for his farm at Mount Vernon. Klotz, Edwin F., (1959). Los Corsarios Americanos Y España (1776-1786) (Ph.D.). Seminario de Estudios Americanistas, Universidad de Madrid. Worldcat. http://www.worldcat.org/title/corsarios-americanos-y-espana-1776-1786/oclc/857221 Spain and the American Revolutionary War Spain's role in the independence of the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9197954", "score": "0.9930612", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Louisiana (New Spain)", "text": "the transfer and outlining the conditions. However, Spain agreed to continue administering the colony until French officials arrived and formalized the transfer (1803). The ceremony was conducted at the Cabildo in New Orleans on 30 November 1803, just three weeks before the formalities of cession from France to the United States pursuant to the Louisiana Purchase. Spain was largely a benign absentee landlord administering it from Havana, Cuba, and contracting out governing to people from many nationalities as long as they swore allegiance to Spain. During the American War of Independence, the Spanish funneled their supplies to the American revolutionists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9820646", "score": "0.988168", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Charles Pinckney (governor)", "text": "States. He facilitated Spanish acquiescence in the transfer of Louisiana from France to the United States in 1803 by the Louisiana Purchase. (Spain had already returned rule of this territory to France under Napoleon.) Pinckney returned from Spain to Charleston and to leadership of the state Democratic-Republican Party. He served in the legislature in 1805–06, and was elected again as governor (1806–08). In this position, he favored legislative reapportionment, in order to give more fair representation to back-country districts. He also advocated universal white manhood suffrage. He served again in the legislature from 1810 to 1814, and then temporarily withdrew", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1416547", "score": "0.98535264", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Spain–United States relations", "text": "ally of France, and provided supplies and munitions to the American forces. However Spain was not an ally of the Patriots. It was reluctant to recognize the independence of the United States, because it distrusted revolutionaries. Historian Thomas A. Bailey says of Spain: Among the most notable Spaniards that fought during the American Revolutionary War were Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez, who defeated the British colonial forces at Manchac, Baton Rouge, and Natchez in 1779, freeing the lower Mississippi Valley of British forces and relieved the threat to the capital of Louisiana, New Orleans. In 1780, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11485213", "score": "0.97624516", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "New Madrid County, Missouri", "text": "to Spain following its loss in the Seven Years' War. The Spanish governor, Bernardo de Gálvez, appointed American colonel William Morgan, a Revolutionary War veteran from New Jersey, as empresario to recruit new settlers for the area. Morgan attracted about 2,000 settlers before Spain returned this territory to France in the late 18th century. They settled mostly in the area of what is now the city of New Madrid, Missouri. After failing to regain control of its colony of Saint-Domingue, where a slave rebellion had been raging, France gave up on North America, selling its large territory west of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "933999", "score": "0.97503185", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Spanish Texas", "text": "as the eastern boundary of Spanish Texas and western boundary of the Missouri Territory. The United States relinquished their claims on the vast Spanish territories west of the Sabine River and extending into Santa Fe de Nuevo México province (New Mexico). During the Mexican War of Independence of 1810 to 1821 Texas experienced much turmoil. Rebels overthrew the Spanish Governor Manuel María de Salcedo in 1810, but he persuaded his jailer to release him and to assist him in organizing a counter-coup. Three years later the Republican Army of the North, consisting primarily of Indians and of citizens of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5321867", "score": "0.9721611", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "New Madrid, Missouri", "text": "make a more direct channel, leaving the Kentucky territory as an island. New Madrid was the epicenter of the very powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes. New Madrid was founded in about 1778 by Spanish Governor Bernardo de Gálvez, who was appointed to rule Spanish Louisiana (the land west of the Mississippi River). He welcomed settlers from the United States, but required them to become citizens of Spain. In addition, they had to agree to live under the guidance of his appointed empresario, Colonel William Morgan, an American Revolutionary War veteran from New Jersey. Morgan recruited a number of American families", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1125834", "score": "0.97032964", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Spain and the American Revolutionary War", "text": "The reforms made by Spanish authorities as a result of Spain's poor performance in the Seven Years' War had proved generally successful. As a result, Spain retained Menorca and West Florida in the Treaty of Paris and also regained East Florida. The lands east of the Mississippi, however, were recognized as part of the newly independent United States of America.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of Natchez, Mississippi", "text": "years later, the area was under Spanish colonial rule. After defeat in the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain ceded the territory to the United States under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783). Spain was not a party to the treaty, and it was their forces who had taken Natchez from British troops. Although Spain had been allied with the American colonists, they were more interested in advancing their power at the expense of Britain. Once the war was over, they were not inclined to give up that which they had acquired by force. A census of the Natchez", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19768443", "score": "0.9665344", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "José Joaquín de Arredondo", "text": "Cuba, and died in 1837 shortly after Texas had gained its independence. José Joaquín de Arredondo José Joaquín de Arredondo y Mioño (also known as Jose Arredondo y Miono Pelegrin y Oceja) (1776–1837) was a 19th-century Spanish and Mexican soldier who served during the last two decades of Spanish rule in New Spain. He was military commandant of the Texas province during the first Texas revolutions against Spanish rule. Jose de Arredondo was born in Barcelona, Spain, in 1776 to Nicolás Antonio de Arredondo y Pelegrín and Josefa Rosa de Mioño. His father served as Governor of Cuba and as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5569973", "score": "0.9617438", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Juan de Miralles", "text": "Carolina. Miralles met Washington at a Christmas party and presented a letter of introduction from Navarro. While in Philadelphia, Miralles became affiliated with the prominent shipping-banking firm of Willing, Morris & Co. During the Seven Years' War, France had ceded Spain its Louisiana territory west of the Mississippi under the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). In 1779, the two countries signed the Treaty of Aranjuez by which Charles III of Spain agreed to assist his first cousin, Louis XV of France in his conflict with the British. In September 1779, the Governor of Spanish Louisiana, Bernardo de Galvez launched a pre-emptive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17825563", "score": "0.95870554", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Spanish language in the United States", "text": "territory, including the French colony of Louisiana that was under Spanish occupation from 1769 to 1800, and then part of the United States since 1803. When Louisiana was sold to the United States, its Spanish, Louisiana Creole people and Cajun French inhabitants became U.S. citizens, and continued to speak Spanish or French. In 1813, George Ticknor started a program of Spanish Studies at Harvard University. In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas. A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1574277", "score": "0.9570356", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Bryan v. Kennett", "text": "to avoid imprisonment for debt. He relocated to upper Spanish Louisiana, an area then controlled by Spain (which later became the U.S. state of Missouri), due to rich lead deposits in the region. Austin arranged with the Spanish government to receive a large tract of land in return for his swearing allegiance to the Spanish Crown and agreeing to settle some families in the area. In 1797, the Spanish governor directed that Austin be placed in possession of land \"one league square\" (approximately 4,428 acres). Austin subsequently took possession of the land, moved his family onto it and built a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11546819", "score": "0.9526727", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Spain and the American Revolutionary War", "text": "from the warehouses in Havana, and from Bilbao, through the Gardoqui family trading company. Smuggling from New Orleans began in 1776, when General Charles Lee sent two Continental Army (the army of the United States) officers to request supplies from the New Orleans Governor, Luis de Unzaga. Unzaga, concerned about overtly antagonizing the British before the Spanish were prepared for war, agreed to assist the rebels covertly. Unzaga authorized the shipment of desperately needed gunpowder in a transaction brokered by Oliver Pollock, a Patriot (Revolutionary) and financier. When Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez was appointed Governor of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9197933", "score": "0.95179695", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Three Flags Day", "text": "the lands had been formally turned over to the United States. On November 30, 1803, Spain formally transferred the territory in a ceremony at the Cabildo and Plaza de Armas in New Orleans attended by Spanish Governors Juan Manuel de Salcedo and Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta y O'Farrill and new French Governor Pierre Clement de Laussat. On December 20, 1803, New Orleans and the rest of Louisiana were transferred to the United States in a ceremony with Laussat and incoming United States governor William C.C. Claiborne, with Gen. James Wilkinson in attendance. However, with navigation on the Mississippi halted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9724003", "score": "0.9517895", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Manuel María de Salcedo", "text": "French ancestry, Maria Guadalupe Prietto y la Ronde. They returned to Spain the following year after Napoleon transferred Louisiana to the United States through the Louisiana Purchase. While living in Spain, Salcedo was appointed the governor of Spanish Texas. At this time, Texas was a sparsely populated province consisting of three primary settlements connected by the Camino Real, with a few presidios and over a dozen missions scattered throughout the wilderness. The province was bordered on the south and west by the Nueces and Medina Rivers, with the Red River comprising its northern and eastern border. The capital was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11285390", "score": "0.94782627", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta, 1st Marquess of Casa Calvo", "text": "Juan Manuel de Salcedo, whose arrival was delayed by ill health until 1801. When Salcedo returned Louisiana to the French in 1803, Casa Calvo was there to assist in the transition, making him the only one of the Spanish governors of Louisiana to have been present at both the beginning and end of Spanish rule. Before Spain returned Louisiana to France, the latter had promised to keep the colony from falling into American hands, but in reality, France had already sold it to the United States. Casa Calvo remained in Louisiana after the transition to American rule, ostensibly to help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20215764", "score": "0.9476471", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Diego de Gardoqui", "text": "Spain), to the City of Philadelphia. The statue currently stands in Logan Square. Diego de Gardoqui Diego María de Gardoqui y Arriquibar (born November 12, 1735, Bilbao, Spain – d. 1798, Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish politician and diplomat. Diego de Gardoqui, the fourth of eight children, was the financial intermediary between the Spanish Court and the Colonies during the American Revolutionary War, meeting with John Jay on various occasions. He was a Basque and a member of the wealthy Gardoqui family of Bilbao, Spain. The mercantile business of \"José de Gardoqui e Hijos\" in Bilbao (of which Diego was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10827076", "score": "0.9468552", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Bryan v. Kennett", "text": "house, blacksmith shop, and other improvements. In 1799, Spanish officials conducted a survey of the land and in 1802, the Spanish governor at New Orleans granted Austin the surveyed land. However, in the meantime Spain had returned Louisiana to France by operation of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800, although Louisiana remained nominally under Spanish control until 1803, just before France sold it to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. The land granted to Austin by the Spanish governor was therefore owned by France at the time of the 1802 grant and came under the jurisdiction of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11546820", "score": "0.94564515", "original_retrieval_index": 52 }, { "title": "1797 State of the Union Address", "text": "American Revolutionary War, due to various unstated causes, and the unfulfilled obligations of the Spanish regarding compensation for American ships stolen or destroyed in recent Franco-Spanish hostilities, will continue without offending citizens of any country. He deplores the impressing of American soldiers by French and Spanish forces and criticizes the legal framework concerning the proper reaction to such action; how to guarantee the safe return of captured seamen from foreign territories, and the inability of consuls to \"demand an inspection of the registers and sea letters.\" Adams directly addresses the House of Representatives in regard to the national debt and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5851923", "score": "0.94438386", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "Mexico–United States relations", "text": "the United States and the Spanish Empire and its viceroyalty of New Spain. Modern Mexico formed the core area of the Viceroyalty of New Spain at the time the United States gained independence from Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Spain had served as an ally to the American colonists in that war. The aspect of Spanish-American relations that would bear most prominently on later relations between the U.S. and Mexico was the ownership of Texas. In the early 19th century the United States claimed that Texas was part of the territory of Louisiana, and therefore had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10229408", "score": "0.9438858", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Battle of Arkansas Post (1783)", "text": "post's fort and a subsequent sortie by the Spanish defenders, causing the British forces to rout. The battle actually took place three months after the preliminary peace treaty between Spain and Great Britain was signed on January 20, but word of the treaty had not yet reached the Lower Mississippi region. It was the only battle of the Revolutionary War fought in what is now the state of Arkansas. In the years prior to the battle, Spanish forces had won several victories in the Lower Mississippi region, driving out the British from Manchac and Baton Rouge and taking many British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344348", "score": "0.9437161", "original_retrieval_index": 56 }, { "title": "Spanish Texas", "text": "United States, overthrew the Spanish government in Tejas and executed Salcedo in 1813. The Spanish responded brutally, and by 1820 fewer than 2000 Hispanic citizens remained in Texas. The Mexican independence movement forced Spain to relinquish its control of New Spain in 1821, with Texas becoming in 1824 part of the state of Coahuila y Tejas within the newly-formed Mexico in the period in Texas history known as Mexican Texas (1821-1836). The Spanish left a deep mark on Texas. Their European livestock caused mesquite to spread inland, while farmers tilled and irrigated the land, changing the landscape forever. The Spanish", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5321868", "score": "0.94352984", "original_retrieval_index": 57 }, { "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "text": "1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the American right to deposit goods. However, in 1800 Spain had ceded the Louisiana territory back to France as part of Napoleon's secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. The territory nominally remained under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession of the territory to the United States on December 20, 1803. A further ceremony was held in St. Louis, Upper Louisiana regarding the New Orleans formalities. The March 9–10,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "232424", "score": "0.942139", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "Diego de Gardoqui", "text": "the first permanent structure for a Catholic church erected in the State of New York, on October 5, 1785. The church first opened on November 4, 1786. Because Spain was in control of the Louisiana Territory, Gardoqui worked to protect the King's interests on the Mississippi River. Various factions in Kentucky were frustrated with congress' refusal to allow them statehood. Gardoqui worked with John Brown and General James Wilkinson in 1788 to procure a treaty between Kentucky and Spain concerning navigation on the River. In the end, of course, Kentucky joined the United States and there was no separate treaty.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10827070", "score": "0.9409443", "original_retrieval_index": 61 }, { "title": "Diego de Gardoqui", "text": "governor at New Orleans, although somewhat in favor of the project, refused to allow self-government and required that all settlers be Catholic, and the settlement never saw fruition as a Spanish colony. George Washington said of Gardoqui on August 10, 1790, \"... no man in his most Catholic Majesty's dominions could be more acceptable to the Inhabitants of these States.\" Gardoqui gave Washington a four-volume edition in the original Spanish of \"Don Quixote\" as a present. The set of volumes still exists and is preserved at Washington's personal library, which opened as a museum on September 27, 2013. He married", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10827072", "score": "0.94073826", "original_retrieval_index": 62 }, { "title": "Spain–United States relations", "text": "III of Spain continued communications with Washington, sending him gifts such as livestock from Spain that Washington had requested for his farm at Mount Vernon. The United States' first ambassador to Spain was John Jay (but was not formally received at court). Jay's successor, William Carmichael, married a Spanish woman and is buried in the Catholic cemetery in Madrid. Some friendly ties were established: George Washington had established the United States’ mule-raising industry with high-quality large donkeys sent to him by the King of Spain (as well as Lafayette). Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the \"Treaty of San Lorenzo\" or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11485215", "score": "0.9393982", "original_retrieval_index": 63 }, { "title": "Louisiana State Capitol", "text": "and the remaining territory east of the Mississippi was turned over to Great Britain. The French reclaimed Louisiana from the Spanish in 1803 after the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800; the territory was then sold as the Louisiana Purchase to the United States. The ceremonial transfers of Louisiana from Spain to France took place in front of the colonial seat of government, the Cabildo, in November 1803, with the transfer from France to the U.S. occurring there, as well, less than a month later. New Orleans continued to be the location of the capital of the Territory of Orleans,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6064243", "score": "0.9352566", "original_retrieval_index": 66 } ]

[ "Later in the sixth season", "in the sixth season" ]

[ { "title": "Demons (The X-Files)", "text": "Mulder's apparent father, and Cigarette-Smoking Man and Mulder's mother; then we started backfilling with an historical connection.\" Carter explained that the episode was the start of the series' greater conspiracy: \"It's an interesting development because it really was the development of the conspiracy. The elements of the conspiracy were part of his development. But [The Smoking Man's] back story, of course, intertwined with Mulder's.\" For this episode, actor Chris Owens reprised his role as The Smoking Man; he had previously played him in the season's earlier episode \"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man\". The episode is based around the idea", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9466691", "score": "1.1462553", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Fox Mulder", "text": "hovers over the trio, which is where season ten ends. The beginning of season eleven reveals this vision came from Scully's son, William. Over the course of season eleven, Scully and Mulder search for William. Skinner learns from the Smoking Man, that the Smoking Man, who is Mulder's father, also artificially impregnated Scully, and thus is William's father as well. In the third episode of the eleventh season, \"Plus One\", Scully and Mulder are intimate again. In the season 11 finale, \"My Struggle IV\", she reveals to Mulder that she is pregnant with his child. Despite his aloofness and cynical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1900944", "score": "1.1184295", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Paper Clip", "text": "come after him. The Smoking Man lies to the rest of the Syndicate, telling them that Scully's would-be assassin was killed in the car bombing and that the tape has been destroyed with him. Mulder and Scully return to Klemper's greenhouse, finding the Well Manicured Man there. He admits to knowing Mulder's father and states that he helped gather genetic data for post-apocalyptic identification, data Klemper used to work on alien-human hybrids. Samantha was taken to ensure Bill Mulder's silence after he learned of the experiments. Mulder confronts his mother, who tells him that his father chose that Samantha be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13311918", "score": "1.1109776", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "My Struggle III", "text": "Carter had already planned the solution to \"My Struggle II\", while it was in production. The episode is notorious for completely changing a respective part of the show's mythology: revealing that Mulder is not William's father, but that Cigarette Smoking Man had drugged and raped (\"artificially impregnated\") Scully years ago. This also answers a respective scene from season 7 episode \"En Ami\" in which Scully woke up in a room in pajamas during a road trip with the Cigarette Smoking Man, accusing him of drugging her. The dialogue in the scene was slightly altered. According to Chris Carter, he planned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20486114", "score": "1.110738", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dana Scully", "text": "William. Over the course of season eleven, Scully and Mulder search for William. Skinner learns from the Smoking Man, that the Smoking Man, who is Mulder's father, also artificially impregnated Scully, and thus is William's father as well. In the third episode of the eleventh season, \"Plus One\", Scully and Mulder are intimate again. In the season 11 finale, \"My Struggle IV\", she reveals to Mulder that she is pregnant with his child. Chris Carter named Scully after his favorite sportscaster, Vin Scully of the Los Angeles Dodgers. John Doggett was likewise named after Vin Scully's longtime broadcasting partner, Jerry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2374064", "score": "1.1082929", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "It is revealed that the Smoking Man is trying to find Scully's son William in order to fulfill his plans, and that he is in conflict with a group led by two other surviving Syndicate members, who want the Smoking Man dead in order to carry out their own agenda. The Smoking Man approaches Walter Skinner to make him a deal, and offers him a chance to survive the end of humanity in exchange for Skinner helping him find William. The Smoking Man also reveals he was responsible for the creation of William, as he impregnated Scully with the use", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2921281", "score": "1.1014931", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "the eleventh-season episode \"My Struggle III,\" the Cigarette-Smoking Man reveals his name to be Carl Gerhard Busch (the name of series creator Chris Carter's grandfather). In his first appearance in the series, he oversees FBI agent Dana Scully's (Gillian Anderson) briefing and debriefing, and later disposes of evidence Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Scully had brought back from their investigation of an alien abduction. With the Smoking Man hiding truth from the public, Mulder seeks to reveal it to the public and the truth about the disappearance of his sister, Samantha. This leads to a rivalry that lasts until the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2921274", "score": "1.1009812", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "One Son", "text": "Dr. Openshaw, the Elders, and many others. However, this idea never panned out, and Carter and Spotnitz reframed the episode around narration, courtesy of the Smoking Man, whose scenes were completed under extreme pressure near the end of production. While the title of the previous episode, \"Two Fathers\", referred to both Bill Mulder and The Smoking Man, this episode was titled \"One Son\" to reflect the fact that Mulder was the only remaining son of either of these men, after the presumed death of Jeffrey Spender and the rejection of Alex Krycek. Several of the plot elements self-reference other episodes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11482047", "score": "1.0943018", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Demons (The X-Files)", "text": "he has not met Mulder before. Mulder has another painful flashback of The Smoking Man arguing with his mother, Teena Mulder. Mulder declines Scully's request that he go to the hospital and goes to visit his mother, demanding she explain what really happened when they had to make a choice between him and Samantha. Mulder believes that The Smoking Man forced them to take Samantha. Mulder also questions who his father really is. Mulder's mother gets upset and refuses to provide him answers. Later Mulder visits Goldstein, and convinces him to again treat him so he will remember what really", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9466688", "score": "1.0882306", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "rebels, the Syndicate members meet at El Rico Air Base to be transported to a spaceship to survive the colonization. However, the rebels appear instead of the Colonists and kill all remaining chief members of the Syndicate. Together with Fowley, the Smoking Man escapes the destruction of the Syndicate. Later in the sixth season, there is more evidence that suggested that the Smoking Man is Mulder's biological father. Eventually in \"The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati\", Fowley comes in disagreement with him. Because of his plans to kill Mulder, Fowley helps Scully in her investigation to locate Mulder, which leads", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "and he begins using a wheelchair and has a tracheotomy. In the end, Alex Krycek and Marita Covarrubias betray him in the episode \"Requiem\", throwing him down a flight of stairs, where they presume him to be dead. Until the ninth season episode \"William\", the Smoking Man is presumed dead. It is learned that his attempted murder of his son failed, which led him to subject his son to terrible experiments. In the series finale, \"The Truth\", Mulder and Scully travel through remote New Mexico and reach a pueblo where a \"wise man\" reputedly lives: he is, in fact, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2921278", "score": "1.0860503", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Blessing Way (The X-Files)", "text": "that the data from Soona's death can clear Mulder in his father's murder. Skinner, however, refuses to do any follow-up on it. After Scully leaves it is revealed that the Smoking Man was waiting in an adjacent room to question Skinner about the exchange. Leaving the building, Scully has a hunch upon seeing the metal detector again that leads to locating metal in the back of her neck. Scully sees a doctor, who removes a small metal implant. Scully's sister Melissa urges her to see a hypnotherapist to recover lost memories of her abduction. Scully heads there, but becomes scared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9465030", "score": "1.083497", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "end of the series. In later seasons, it is revealed that he is a member of a group known as the Syndicate, a shadowy organization within the United States government. The episode \"Two Fathers\" reveals his birthname or alias as C.G.B. Spender, and that he was formerly married to Cassandra Spender, with whom he had a son, Jeffrey Spender. He recruits FBI Special Agent Diana Fowley to be a subordinate of his because she has a close relationship with Mulder. In \"One Son\", Jeffrey finds out that his father, the Smoking Man, forced his mother Cassandra to undergo medical treatments", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2921275", "score": "1.0804558", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Two Fathers", "text": "the X-Files office is discovered by Agent Spender, resulting in both agents' immediate suspension from the FBI. Agent Spender, who then reports to the Cigarette Smoking Man demanding the truth. Scully meets with Mulder, telling him that C.G.B. Spender is likely another alias and that the man is linked with Mulder's father, William, who he had worked with on the secret state project. The Cigarette Smoking Man decides to give Agent Spender more responsibility by having him kill the alien rebel masquerading as a Syndicate elder. Spender fails in his task, but Krycek comes to his aid and finishes. Krycek", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11482015", "score": "1.0800755", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The X-Files (season 7)", "text": "out that he has disappeared. She contacts Kritschgau and Skinner to find her partner. Cigarette Smoking Man has taken Mulder to a place where all his problems seem to have disappeared. Fowley helps Scully locate Mulder, which leads to her death at the hands of Cigarette Smoking Man. While investigating a bizarre disappearance of a young girl from her home, Mulder becomes obsessed with the number of children who have vanished in similar circumstances. Scully fears that he is emotionally involved due to his sister's disappearance. At the same time it is revealed to him that his mother, Teena Mulder", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3670502", "score": "1.0765786", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Anasazi (The X-Files)", "text": "inside the boxcar, finding a pile of the dead creatures, each with smallpox vaccination scars on their arms. The Smoking Man arrives by helicopter with eight armed commandos and, not finding Mulder inside, orders the boxcar to be burned. Series creator Chris Carter noted that the episode's creation \"was the culmination of a lot of ideas. Generally, when we pitch stories to the staff everyone comments on them, and Darin Morgan called this the kitchen sink episode, because it had so much in it, he didn't know how we would pull it off. But I'm very proud of the script.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9465004", "score": "1.0723429", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "One Son", "text": "was necessary to explain the show's mythology; he called the episode the \"biggest chapter we had time to explore in the nine years we were on the air\". Writers for the series often struggled with writing \"mytharc\" episodes because there was a need to force as much material into them as possible, given their relative paucity compared to the \"Monster of the week\" episodes. Originally, a large portion of the episode was supposed to reveal the history of the Syndicate via flashback. Reportedly, these scenes would have featured younger versions of Bill Mulder (played by Peter Donat), The Smoking Man,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11482046", "score": "1.0723356", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati", "text": "a hospital. After administering a drug that cures his paralysis, The Smoking Man reveals himself to be Mulder's father and takes him from the hospital. Meanwhile, Kritschgau visits Scully and claims that Mulder's contact with the shard of an alien spaceship has reawakened the extraterrestrial black oil with which he was infected three years previously; because he is infected with the virus, Mulder is proof of alien life. Skinner, who has been looking for Mulder, tells Scully that Mulder's mother signed him out of the hospital. The Smoking Man takes Mulder to an unfamiliar neighborhood; inside a new home, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12175325", "score": "1.0720733", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The X-Files (season 9)", "text": "tried before a military tribunal. With the help of Kersh, Scully, Reyes, Doggett, Spender, Marita Covarrubias (Laurie Holden) and Gibson Praise (Jeff Gulka), Mulder breaks out, and Mulder and Scully travel to New Mexico to find an old \"wise man\", later revealed to be the \"Cigarette Smoking Man\" (William B. Davis). He tells the two that aliens will begin colonizing the planet on December 22, 2012. Cigarette Smoking Man appears to be killed by a missile, launched under the command of Knowle Rohrer (Adam Baldwin), who is revealed to be alive and well. Mulder and Scully escape, but become fugitives", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3670563", "score": "1.0711609", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "One Breath (The X-Files)", "text": "Smoking Man's address inside. Mulder bursts into the Cigarette Smoking Man's home and holds him at gunpoint, demanding to know why Scully was taken instead of him. The Cigarette Smoking Man claims he likes the both of them, which is why she was returned; he reveals that he told Skinner it was Mulder who shot the man in the parking lot, although he didn't believe this to be true, incidentally revealing himself as unaware of who did shoot the man, namely X. He tells Mulder that he'll never know the truth if he kills him, and Mulder decides not to.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9243414", "score": "1.0680099", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "One Breath (The X-Files)", "text": "When Assistant Director Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) calls Mulder to his office regarding the incident, Mulder denies any involvement and claims that the Cigarette Smoking Man is responsible for what happened to Scully. Mulder demands to know where he is but Skinner refuses to tell him. In another vision Scully lies on a table and is visited by her deceased father. Mulder, sitting with Melissa in the hospital cafeteria, is asked by a woman for change for the cigarette machine. When she says that a pack of Morleys is already there and leaves, Mulder opens it and finds the Cigarette", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9243413", "score": "1.0663751", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "One Son", "text": "family. Meghan Deans of Tor.com wrote that the Syndicate handing over their family and loved ones to save the world was evidence of this permeating theme. She also highlighted the duality of fathers and sons. The Smoking Man is both a father to Mulder and Spender, but he favors Mulder. At the same time, both Spender and Krycek vie for the position of \"son,\" with the former falling from The Smoking Man's grace, and the latter playing the role of \"prodigal son\". However, both Spender and Krycek eventually fail, leaving Mulder as the titular \"one son\". Neal Justin of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11482055", "score": "1.066129", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Fox Mulder", "text": "season seven the romantic undertones were confirmed when the two shared a kiss. In the series finale, the very last scene depicted Mulder and Scully after running away together, in bed together, contemplating what the future held. In the season 11 finale Scully revealed to be pregnant with his unborn child. Mulder's greatest nemesis was The Smoking Man, who, despite his obvious ill-intent, seemed to hold Mulder in special regard. Though he mocked Mulder to his face for his foolishness and the futility of his quest, in \"Two Fathers\", he told his son Jeffrey Spender, \"You pale to Fox Mulder.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1900954", "score": "1.0654086", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "One Son", "text": "abruptly leaving the room. Heading to the X-Files office in the basement, Spender finds The Smoking Man, who first berates Spender for not being like Mulder and then shoots him in the head. \"One Son\" concluded not only the story that had begun in the preceding episode, \"Two Fathers\", but also a large portion of the series' mythology, much of which had been centered around the Syndicate. The producers felt this was necessary as the Syndicate's story arc was becoming a \"narrative drag\" on the series, and that many questions from the past five seasons were still unanswered. Another impetus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11482043", "score": "1.0652695", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "of alien technology. In the season 11 finale \"My Struggle IV\", the Smoking Man and Reyes follow Mulder, Scully and Skinner to an abandoned factory where they are chasing down William. Skinner points a gun at them and shoots Reyes dead, and the Smoking Man runs Skinner over in his car. The Smoking Man confronts \"Mulder\" (who is actually William in disguise) by a waterfront, and during the standoff shoots him in the head and causes him to fall into the water. The real Mulder appears and shoots the Smoking Man, who realizes that he has killed William, and he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2921282", "score": "1.0651089", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The X-Files (season 11)", "text": "to negotiate with Mulder into turning over his son but Mulder refuses. Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) tries to meet with Scully, but can't find her. As he goes to his car, he is met inside by The Smoking Man and Reyes. Meanwhile, Scully tries to leave the hospital but her seizures return causing her to crash her car. She is rescued by Agent Einstein and Agent Miller, and is readmitted to the hospital. Both agents leave the room. An assassin sent by Mr. Y and Erika enters and tries to suffocate Scully, but Mulder steps in and saves her by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20114890", "score": "1.0650136", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "he had no surviving family, he became a ward of the state and was sent to various orphanages in the Midwest. He made no friends and spent most of his time reading. The same episode reveals that by the early 1960s he was a US Army captain involved in black ops and intelligence, and that he served alongside Fox Mulder's father, Bill. The Smoking Man was already involved in the arming of anti-Castro rebels in Cuba and the assassinations of Patrice Lumumba and Rafael Trujillo before he was enlisted by a secret cabal to assassinate President John Fitzgerald Kennedy in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2921270", "score": "1.0648307", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Cigarette Smoking Man", "text": "Smoking Man. His condition has worsened since his disappearance, and he lives a primitive life in hiding from the \"New\" Syndicate. After taunting Mulder and Scully, he reveals to Scully what Mulder already knew, that the alien re-colonization of Earth is set for December 22, 2012. Shortly after, Smoking Man is again apparently killed by a rocket shot from a helicopter ordered by Knowle Rohrer. For the next 14 years, he is presumed dead. However, he appears again alive but seriously burned and disfigured at the end of \"My Struggle\" (2016), the first episode of \"The X-Files\" miniseries, stating that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2921279", "score": "1.0611094", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Zero Sum (The X-Files)", "text": "Mulder tells Skinner that Scully is undergoing tests regarding her cancer. Later that night Skinner meets with The Smoking Man, who is accompanied by Thomas' murderer, the Gray Haired Man (Morris Panych). Skinner is angry that Thomas was killed and wants to end their arrangement, which The Smoking Man refuses to allow. Mulder calls Skinner, telling him about the woman's body being burned and the blood evidence being tampered with. Mulder tells Skinner that he is trying to match the bullet that killed Thomas to a gun issued to a federal agent or local officer. Skinner searches his drawer and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9466640", "score": "1.0604622", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Fox Mulder", "text": "suicide, when the stress of Samantha's abduction finally becomes too painful. During the last years of his work on the X-Files, Mulder was even forced to doubt that Bill was his true father. He is led to consider the possibility that his mother had had an affair with the Smoking Man, a connection which may have resulted in the birth of either Samantha or Mulder himself. The possibility was hinted at later in the series, and Jeffrey Spender, who certainly was the Smoking Man's son, said that Mulder was his half-brother. In the ninth season, \"William\" explains that Spender and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1900951", "score": "1.0602947", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "in an explosion" ]

[ { "title": "Silent Witness", "text": "as a police officer. The programme followed the activities of pathologist Sam Ryan, played by Amanda Burton, until she departed early in the eighth series. There was a succession of regular supporting characters, changing almost every series, but Dr Leo Dalton (William Gaminara) and Dr Harry Cunningham (Tom Ward), who were introduced in the sixth series, continued as lead characters following Ryan's departure, with Dalton replacing her as professor. A new character, Dr Nikki Alexander (Emilia Fox), was introduced in the eighth series. While working as a forensic anthropologist, she appropriates facilities and software in the pathology department to analyse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1280345", "score": "1.1603023", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Silent Witness", "text": "an Iron Age find, with the belated, bemused and begrudging approval of Dalton. Dr Alexander is able to assist in a set of cases being investigated by the team, as it turns out she has \"worked in forensic pathology in Johannesburg for six months\" and is certified by the Home Office to practise. She eventually overcomes Leo's reluctance and, with Harry's support, is offered and accepts a position on the team. During the fifteenth series Dr Cunningham leaves to accept a position in New York City. He is replaced by forensics expert Jack Hodgson (David Caves) and his assistant Clarissa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1280346", "score": "1.1398716", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "William Gaminara", "text": "William Gaminara William Gaminara (born 1956) is an English actor and screenwriter, probably best known for playing pathologist Professor Leo Dalton on the television series \"Silent Witness\", from 2002 - 2013. Gaminara grew up in Zambia and contracted polio as a child. Gaminara was educated at Winchester College, Winchester, Hants., UK followed by Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He is married to English actress, Kate Lock, and together they have two sons, Joe and Fred. They live in London. Gaminara plays Dr Richard Locke in the long-running radio soap opera, \"The Archers\". He also voices audiobooks, including Bernard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8487396", "score": "1.0228806", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "William Gaminara", "text": "Cornwell's \"Sharpe\" novels. His other television credits include Will Newman in \"Attachments\" and Dr Andrew Bower in \"Casualty\". Away from acting, he wrote the screenplay for the BBC adaptation of Rachel Morris's novel, \"Ella and the Mothers\". His most notable role was Professor Leo Dalton in the BBC crime drama series Silent Witness, playing the part from 2002 until the death of his character in 2013. He played the part once more in 2017 in the final episode of series 20. In 2015 Gaminara appeared as Samuel Harrogate in the BBC TV series \"Father Brown\" episode 3.13 \"The Paradise of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8487397", "score": "1.0076586", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Silent Witness (1985 film)", "text": "being teased because she, unlike Jean Dunne, hasn't ever got pregnant. They try to convince the judges that Anna's testimony is false and that she is only trying to take revenge against the family. One night, Anna receives a visit from Joey Caputo, an old friend who left the bar shortly before the rape occurred. They have sex that night and the next day, Joey gives a false testimony in which he claims that Anna only cares about the publicity. Kevin notices how his relatives are destroying Anna and finally decides to denounce his family. He tries to convince Anna", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14141364", "score": "0.98311883", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "William Gaminara", "text": "Thieves\". William Gaminara and his wife, Kate Lock, have two sons, Joe and Fred. Joe Gaminara is also an actor, following his father into Casualty, in the role of junior doctor Eddie McAllister. William Gaminara William Gaminara (born 1956) is an English actor and screenwriter, probably best known for playing pathologist Professor Leo Dalton on the television series \"Silent Witness\", from 2002 - 2013. Gaminara grew up in Zambia and contracted polio as a child. Gaminara was educated at Winchester College, Winchester, Hants., UK followed by Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He is married to English actress, Kate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8487398", "score": "0.9660766", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Irene Dalton", "text": "in 1934. She was buried in Mt. Calvary Cemetery in Chicago, Illinois. Irene Dalton Irene Dalton (September 1, 1901 - August 15, 1934) was an American silent film actress. A Chicago native, Irene died at the age of 32. Dalton came to prominence in motion pictures through her appearances in Christie comedies produced by Charles Christie. Dalton was charged with violation of the Mann Act in 1924. A wealthy and retired Toledo, Ohio businessman, Raymond Owens, was indicted with her. He was the son of Michael Joseph Owens, the millionaire inventor of the Owens Bottle Machine. She was married to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590644", "score": "0.9605761", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Fred Quilt inquiry", "text": "RCMP said Thursday.\" \"The new information is that Quilt was urinating behind the truck when his wife backed up the truck and knocked him down. Then she put Fred back in the cab of the truck before the RCMP arrived.\" \"RCMP Chief Supt. Gordon Dalton said Mrs. Quilt, who died of cancer last September, also confessed to the fatal shooting of Rose Setah on the Stone Lake Indian reserve near Williams Lake in 1968. The confessions could lead... to a pardon and possible compensation for Stephen Hink, who served a three-year prison term for manslaughter in the Setah case. [Dalton", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14112343", "score": "0.94076705", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Irene Dalton", "text": "Irene Dalton Irene Dalton (September 1, 1901 - August 15, 1934) was an American silent film actress. A Chicago native, Irene died at the age of 32. Dalton came to prominence in motion pictures through her appearances in Christie comedies produced by Charles Christie. Dalton was charged with violation of the Mann Act in 1924. A wealthy and retired Toledo, Ohio businessman, Raymond Owens, was indicted with her. He was the son of Michael Joseph Owens, the millionaire inventor of the Owens Bottle Machine. She was married to comedian Lloyd Hamilton before she divorced him in 1929. Dalton died suddenly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590643", "score": "0.9346589", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Silent Witness", "text": "During the fifteenth series Dr Cunningham leaves to accept a position in New York City. He is replaced by forensics expert Jack Hodgson (David Caves) and his assistant Clarissa Mullery (Liz Carr). During the sixteenth series Dr Dalton is killed in an explosion. His replacement, Dr Thomas Chamberlain (Richard Lintern), is introduced at the start of the seventeenth series.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Frank Dalton", "text": "left of Frank's grave about 30 yards back with the original hitching post that they tied their horses to) The actor Robert Lansing played Frank Dalton in the NBC television series \"The Outlaws\" in a two-part episode \"The Daltons Must Die\", which aired early in 1961. Don Collier was cast as Frank Dalton in the 1964 \"Death Valley Days\" episode, \"There Was Another Dalton Brother\". In the story line, while starting his job as a deputy U.S. Marshal, Dalton must question Frank Johnson (Bill Zuckert), a suspect in a missing persons case. Johnson is the father of Dalton's girlfriend, Emmy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11983471", "score": "0.9272281", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Silent Witness", "text": "Silent Witness Silent Witness is a British television crime drama series, produced by the BBC, which focuses on a team of forensic pathology experts and their investigations into various crimes. First broadcast in 1996, the series was created by Nigel McCrery, a former murder squad detective based in Nottingham. (He later went on to create the series \"New Tricks\", with writer Roy Mitchell) Twenty-one series of \"Silent Witness\" have been broadcast since 1996. Amanda Burton starred as primary character Dr. Sam Ryan before leaving the show during the eighth series. Since her departure the series has featured an ensemble cast,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1280343", "score": "0.9174818", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Leo Glynn", "text": "motivated killing of two African American girls in 1963. This trial causes a race riot in the city's African American neighborhoods and a lockdown of Oz whose Black inmates are angered at the mere presence of the trial. As the SORT team locks the prison down, they discover the dead body of Tobias Beecher's father who died at the hands of Franklin Winthrop. The trial of Wilson Loewen ends with him being found guilty of murder in the second degree. Loewen is a key politician that helped Governor Devlin get elected so Devlin is very insistent on how Loewen will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7093485", "score": "0.9080044", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kerry Lyn Dalton", "text": "no physical evidence of any kind for the jury to consider (trial transcripts: p. 2738–70, CR NO. 135002). On February 14, 1995, on the 6th day of Dalton's trial, the presiding judge, Thomas J. Whelan, made this statement, \"I think the record is clear that no body has ever been found in this case. The record is equally clear that there is circumstantial evidence that there was a homicide. There's also conflicting circumstantial evidence that it may not be a homicide; in fact, she may still be alive ...\" Whelan went on to say, \"My reason for making these statements", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16778089", "score": "0.9079819", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Silent Witness", "text": "the start of the fourth series, following Sam as she took up an academic position. Each series is typically made up of a series of two-part stories. The first nine series typically featured eight episodes (four two-part stories), increased to ten episodes (five two-part stories) from the tenth series onwards. In 1998 the writer John Milne received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for the second series episode \"Blood, Sweat and Tears\". In the United States the series airs during 'Mystery Monday' on BBC America. The series airs in Norway under the title \"Tause vitner\" on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1280348", "score": "0.9059053", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Silent Witness (1985 film)", "text": "to run away with him, but she is determined to stay to serve justice. She goes back on stand, but once again, the defense is able to twist her words. In the end, Kevin comes to the rescue, finally giving a testimony. Afterwards, Anna and Kevin are reunited. Silent Witness (1985 film) Silent Witness is a 1985 television film directed by Michael Miller which aired October 14, 1985 on NBC. The film is based on a true rape case in Massachusetts. Anna and Kevin Dunne are a newlywed couple who have recently moved to Pittsburgh. She is working in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14141365", "score": "0.9050183", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Kerry Lyn Dalton", "text": "jury's foreman, John Castleman, said they based the verdict of death on \"the type of murder it was,\" although there was no physical evidence to support the prosecution's story that there even was a murder. No one was declared deceased during this Capital Trial. To this day, there is no death certificate. Dalton's case was featured on the Discovery Channel series \"Deadly Women\" (Season 5, Episode 14, \"Pleasure from Pain\"), which first aired December 2, 2011. Her 1995 trial is also documented in a book, \"Cages\", written and published by Dalton's sister in 2012. Kerry Lyn Dalton Kerry Lyn Dalton", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16778092", "score": "0.8970137", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Ordeal by Innocence (TV series)", "text": "was a cruel and unloving mother who alienated all her children, leaving any of them with motive to murder her. As Calgary returns to the Argyll estate, a car tries to run him down but it crashes, killing the driver. The driver was Bellamy Gould, the police detective who investigated Rachel's murder. Calgary meets with Leo and admits that he had lied before about his background. He was a scientist who had worked on the atomic bomb and suffered a mental breakdown because of the guilt. The night of the murder he had escaped from a mental asylum and was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20632542", "score": "0.8962271", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Silent Speaker", "text": "dictation cylinders. It becomes clear when listening to them that none of them are the real confidential cylinders, however. When Wolfe calls another meeting of the principal witnesses, Phoebe once again fails to appear -- but this time, her body is discovered by the front step of Wolfe's home, brutally bludgeoned with a length of rusty pipe. It is clear that Phoebe’s murderer is one of the principal witnesses, and that this person is likely to have also murdered Boone. After nine of the ten cylinders are discovered in Phoebe's apartment, both Wolfe and Inspector Cramer become convinced that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7360644", "score": "0.8958522", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ordeal by Innocence", "text": "Jack is depicted as having no involvement with Rachel's murder and is the biological son of Leo and Kirsten, resulting in Leo having him beaten to death in prison when he threatens to reveal his true parentage. The series also portrays Calgary as a former mental patient, which causes doubts toward his testimony as Jack's alibi. The novel was also adapted into a stage play by Mary Jane Hansen performed for the first time by the New York State Theatre Institute in Troy, New York. The original run lasted from 4 to 17 February 2007, and included 14 performances. \"Ordeal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5624373", "score": "0.8940298", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mark Fuhrman", "text": "then-unsolved 1975 murder of Martha Moxley and presented his theory that the murderer was Michael Skakel, nephew of Ethel Kennedy, the widow of Senator Robert Kennedy. Skakel was convicted of Moxley's murder in June 2002. The book was adapted for a 2002 television movie starring Christopher Meloni as Fuhrman. In 2001, Fuhrman published \"Murder in Spokane: Catching a Serial Killer\" (), which investigated a serial killer's spree on the West Coast. In 2003, he published \"Death and Justice: An Expose of Oklahoma's Death Row Machine\" (), on the subject of capital punishment. In 2005, Fuhrman published \"Silent Witness: The Untold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1707139", "score": "0.8940186", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Silent Speaker", "text": "to meet Wolfe. Phoebe claims that she was given a leather case full of confidential dictation cylinders shortly before Boone's death, but has misplaced them. The next day, Wolfe receives a telegram informing him that surveillance of Don O’Neill, the chairman of the NIA’s dinner committee, will have to be suspended—surveillance that neither he nor Archie ordered. Archie therefore follows O’Neill to Grand Central Station, where O’Neill retrieves the leather case from the parcel room, and intercepts him. Faced with the choice of going to the police or to Wolfe, O’Neill is forced to surrender the case, which contains ten", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7360643", "score": "0.892862", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "J. Frank Dalton", "text": "Dalton was the older brother to the infamous Dalton Gang members and a touring member of Wild Bill Hickok’s Wild West show. The real Frank Dalton was believed to have died Nov. 27, 1887 while in the line of duty. In \"The Crittenden Memoirs\" (1936), a man who refers to himself as \"Frank Dalton\" writes in detail about the death of Jesse James, claiming that he (Dalton) was present when reporters, law enforcement officers, and locals gathered to witness the scene, and where Bob Ford confessed. Dalton demonstrates an awareness of the general lack of understanding surrounding the details of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6542102", "score": "0.89284325", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Outlaws (1960 TV series)", "text": "Carlson, Robert Lansing, and Larry Pennell played the Dalton brothers, Grat, Frank, and Robert Dalton, respectively. In December 1960, Clegg Hoyt played the role of Isham Dart in \"The Quiet Killer.\" In the 1961 episode \"The Brathwaite Brothers\", Conlan Carter, later on ABC's \"Combat!\", appeared as the outlaw Perry Brathwaite. Barbara Stuart appeared as Juno in the 1961 episode \"Roly\".John M. Pickard, formerly of \"Boots and Saddles\", appeared as Wick Boley in the 1961 episode, \"Return to New March.\" On May 4, 1961, the series aired the episode \"Sam Bass\" about the outlaw Sam Bass, with Jack Chaplain in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12678758", "score": "0.8916167", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "J. Frank Dalton", "text": "the death: \"Why was Jesse James killed? Why was it thought by many that the man killed by Bob Ford was not Jesse James? Why did Aunt Zerelda (Jesse's mother) at first deny that the murdered man was her boy? These things have never been told at all, or grossly misrepresented in the telling.\" Dalton goes on to say that he is aware of others' efforts to pose as Jesse, saying: \"Of course, Jesse has been seen alive from time to time by cheap notoriety seekers. Once a cowboy came up from the Argentine and said that Jesse was ranching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6542103", "score": "0.89004076", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town", "text": "mission of the Ada police department and Pontotoc County District Attorney Bill Peterson to solve the mystery of Carter's murder. The police and prosecutor used forced \"dream\" confessions, unreliable witnesses, and flimsy evidence to convict Williamson and Fritz. Since a death penalty conviction automatically sets in motion a series of appeals, the Innocence Project aided Williamson's attorney, Mark Barrett, in exposing several glaring holes in the prosecution's case and the credibility of the prosecution's witnesses. Frank H. Seay, a U.S. District Court judge, ordered a retrial. After suffering through a conviction and eleven years on death row, Williamson and Fritz", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7965636", "score": "0.8813983", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Nigel McCrery", "text": "\"Silent Witness\" (five books), \"The Detective Inspector Lapslie Books\" (five books with two more to come). He wrote \"Under the Guns of the Red Baron\", \"History of the VC\", \"History of the SAS\", \"All the King's Men (The Vanished Battalion)\". A \"Silent Witness\" short story also appeared in the \"Mail On Sunday\" over three parts. He has also written, \"Silent Witness, a History of Forensic Science\" (Random House August 2013) \"Into Touch' international Rugby players killed 1914-18. January 1915. \"The Final Season\" footballers killed in the Great War, Random House. \"The Final Wicket\" First Class Cricketers killed in action during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12415723", "score": "0.8808072", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Richard Rankin", "text": "approximately £900 and starred many of his old \"Burnistoun\" colleagues, including Kirsty Strain and Louise Stewart. Rankin joined the cast of the BBC One crime drama series \"Silent Witness\" in January 2015, starring as Detective Inspector Luke Nelson in series eighteen's two-part story \"Falling Angels\". He went on to guest star in two episodes of NBC's conspiracy thriller \"American Odyssey\", which was cancelled after one season, as corporate hit man Haney. Writer Kay Mellor tailored the role of Sean McGary, changing the character from a Northerner to a Scot specifically for Rankin, in the third series of her anthology drama", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17952387", "score": "0.8788531", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Silent Witness", "text": "Sam Ryan (Amanda Burton) and Trevor Stewart (William Armstrong), as well as former main character Superintendent Tom Adams (John McGlynn), and brand new character DS Stanley Sharman, with Burton generally appearing on the front cover of each novel. The fifth novel, due to be published in 2003, was placed on indefinite hold, and has never been released. The use of forensic pathology in the investigation of crime has been the central theme of several TV mystery-suspense dramas, including: Silent Witness Silent Witness is a British television crime drama series, produced by the BBC, which focuses on a team of forensic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1280353", "score": "0.87536025", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Clifford Dalton", "text": "acknowledged as cancer, Catherine Dalton has alleged that he was murdered; in her book 'Without Hardware', she claims that the Bogle-Chandler murders were intended to prevent Bogle from investigating her husband's death. Clifford Dalton Dr. Clifford Dalton (1916–1961) was a New Zealand nuclear scientist and inventor of the fast breeder reactor. During the Second World War in 1942 he married scientist and author Catherine Graves (daughter of the writer Robert Graves) at Aldershot Register Office in Manor Park. In 1947, he joined the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell in England. They subsequently emigrated to Australia, where he worked as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6886268", "score": "0.8743018", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "public sector", "The public sector" ]

[ { "title": "Private sector", "text": "Private sector The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State. The private sector employs most of the workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by the motive to earn money. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are in the private sector. In free enterprise countries, such as the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1858118", "score": "1.0602905", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Privately held company", "text": "such as publicly owned enterprises and government agencies. Private enterprises comprise the private sector of an economy. An economic system that 1) contains a large private sector where privately run businesses are the backbone of the economy, and 2) business surplus is controlled by the owners, is referred to as capitalism. This contrasts with socialism, where industry is owned by the state or by all of the community in common. The act of taking assets into the private sector is referred to as privatization. The goal of private enterprise differs from other institutions, the major difference being private businesses exist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4586160", "score": "1.043853", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Socialist market economy", "text": "sector firms that operate in industries targeted for growth often receive favorable loans and preferential government treatment while SOEs in non-strategic sectors might be exempt from subsidies. As an example, ZTE Corporation is a majority state-owned enterprise that was forced to rely on equity markets whereas its employee-owned private sector competitor Huawei is viewed as a \"national champion\" and therefore received major state funding from state banks. Like their state-owned counterparts POEs are expected to follow state policies and are subject to party control, suggesting that the distinction between public and private ownership is not a meaningful distinction to make", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3405249", "score": "1.0124947", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Private sector", "text": "This has resulted in many human rights violations across the United States. Private sector The private sector is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State. The private sector employs most of the workforce in some countries. In private sector, activities are guided by the motive to earn money. A 2013 study by the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group) identified that 90 percent of jobs in developing countries are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1858121", "score": "1.0018904", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial", "text": "every company whose capital is held by the state or a state-owned entity is an EPIC. An EPIC is under special laws which do not apply to enterprises under private company law, even if the capital of those companies is held by the state. Former public service operations which have been turned into companies governed by private law include: Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial An établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial or EPIC is a category of public undertaking in France. It includes state-controlled entities of an industrial or commercial nature, including some research institutes and infrastructure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12511101", "score": "0.98403907", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "State-owned enterprises of South Africa", "text": "State-owned enterprises of South Africa In South Africa the Department of Public Enterprises is the shareholder representative of the South African Government with oversight responsibility for state-owned enterprises in key sectors. Some companies are not directly controlled by the Department of Public Enterprises, but by various other departments. State-owned enterprises play a significant role in the South African economy. In key sectors such as electricity, transport (air, rail, freight, and pipelines), and telecommunications, SOEs play a lead role, often defined by law, although limited competition is allowed in some sectors (i.e., telecommunications and air). The government’s interest in these sectors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20535990", "score": "0.9792233", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Socialist market economy", "text": "or public service entities, with the former being required to distribute a higher proportion of their profits as dividends. Dividend payments are set to rise from 5-15% to 30% by 2020. Privately owned enterprises (POEs) are recognized as one of the components of the socialist market economy alongside state, collective and individually owned enterprises. The private sector has played an increasingly large role since the adoption of the 1994 Company Law. Additionally, the boundary between public and private enterprises have blurred in China as many publicly listed firms are under mixed ownership by various state and non-state entities. Additionally, private", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3405248", "score": "0.97911274", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "State-owned enterprises of South Africa", "text": "companies exist in South Africa. State-owned enterprises of South Africa In South Africa the Department of Public Enterprises is the shareholder representative of the South African Government with oversight responsibility for state-owned enterprises in key sectors. Some companies are not directly controlled by the Department of Public Enterprises, but by various other departments. State-owned enterprises play a significant role in the South African economy. In key sectors such as electricity, transport (air, rail, freight, and pipelines), and telecommunications, SOEs play a lead role, often defined by law, although limited competition is allowed in some sectors (i.e., telecommunications and air). The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20535995", "score": "0.97561324", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Gjakova", "text": "these subsequent shifts in transitional societies are escorted with shifts in the economic structure of the city. Therefore, Gjakova has an economic structure that is based on two pillars: in the private business sector and social business sector which is currently being privatized. Private business sector is in expansion and the main indicators qualify it as the main component of Gjakova’s economy. According to official sources identified in the Ministry of Trade and Industry, by the end of 2005 there were about 3,200 registered businesses that exercise activity in different areas of Gjakova, such as enterprise manufacturing, construction, service, trade,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1969845", "score": "0.9635667", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Public sector", "text": "The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Processo Revolucionário Em Curso", "text": "core companies of the Companhia União Fabril (CUF) conglomerate, radio and TV networks (except that of the Roman Catholic Church), and important companies in the glass, mining, fishing, and agricultural sectors. Because of the key role of the domestic banks as holders of stock, the government indirectly acquired equity positions in hundreds of other firms. An Institute for State Participation was created to deal with the many disparate and often tiny enterprises in which the state had thus obtained a majority shareholding. Another 300 small to medium enterprises came under public management as the government \"intervened\" to rescue them from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6471116", "score": "0.96090984", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Private sector development", "text": "conditions for innovation, and the development of innovative capacities of companies. This may include business advisory and support services, finance and skills development; business incubators and technology extension services, as well as value chain and cluster approaches. For many people, the global financial crisis has raised questions about the ways in which markets should be regulated in order to ensure long-term, sustainable development. At the same time, with many countries now faced with slower growth and higher unemployment, reviving economies by kick-starting the private sector is seen by many as at the heart of a global response. Private sector development", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6232377", "score": "0.95564026", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Japanese public corporations", "text": "major issue in Japanese politics. Other categories of corporations included those charged with special government projects, loans and finance, and special types of banking. Local public corporations were involved with utilities. Public corporations benefited the economy in several ways. Some, like Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation before privatization, were important sources of technology development funds or centers around which private industry could cluster. Others provided vital public services that private industry would find impossible to finance. The development banks, particularly the Japan Development Bank, were sources of long-term investment funds and instrumental in shaping the pattern of industry, especially in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6179784", "score": "0.95230365", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Japanese public corporations", "text": "Japanese public corporations Although the Japanese economy is largely based on private enterprise, it has a number of government-owned (public) corporations, which are more extensive and, in some cases, different in function from what exists in the United States. In 1988 there were ninety-seven public corporations, reduced from 111 in the early 1980s as a result of administrative reforms. Public companies at the national level were normally affiliated with one of the economic ministries, although the extent of direct management and supervision varied. The government divided the national-level corporations into several categories. The first included the main public service and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6179782", "score": "0.9476888", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Water supply and sanitation in Chile", "text": "the private sector occurred in two different ways. From 1998 to 2001, when the biggest companies were privatized, the majority of their shares were sold to the private actors. The government then decided to not continue to sell parts of the companies, but to transfer the operation rights of the companies to private actors for 30 years between 2001 and 2004. This latter way of private sector participation, also known as concession, differs substantially from selling shares of the companies because the infrastructure remains property of the Chilean state. All seven companies which were privatized in the second way merged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9640168", "score": "0.93550056", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Public/social/private partnership", "text": "lack of public funds is often put forward as a limit on state activities. Instead of financing infrastructure projects alone, the government increasingly looks to cooperations with private investors. Also, the EU policy on competitive tendering of public works and services has forced changes towards a more market-oriented approach to delivering tasks for which the state is responsible. Another relevant factor are the arguments in debates on privatisation that state bodies are inefficient and that management concepts typical in the commercial sector should be used to achieve more cost-effective provision of public services. All these factors taken together result in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10170927", "score": "0.93428624", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "State ownership", "text": "market or mixed economy. Reasons for state ownership of commercial enterprises are that the enterprise in question is a natural monopoly or because the government is promoting economic development and industrialization. State-owned enterprises may or may not be expected to operate in a broadly commercial manner and may or may not have monopolies in their areas of activity. The transformation of public entities and government agencies into government-owned corporations is sometimes a precursor to privatization. State capitalist economies are capitalist market economies that have high degrees of government-owned businesses. Public ownership of the means of production is a subset of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2491565", "score": "0.9342241", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Socialist market economy", "text": "for understanding China's economic model. As of 2015, state control and state-directed development (in both public and private sectors) is the overriding feature of the Chinese economic system that plays a more substantial role than the public ownership of assets. While the private sector has been accorded a role in the socialist market economy and has greatly increased in size and scope since the 1990s, the private sector does not dominate the Chinese economy. The exact size of the private sector is difficult determine in part because private enterprises may have a minority of their stock owned by state entities", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3405250", "score": "0.93215066", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Socialist market economy", "text": "state, causing some analysts question the rationale for public ownership in the first place. As part of SASAC's ongoing reforms, SOEs will now be encouraged and required to pay a higher portion of their profits as dividends to the state, with some state-owned assets being transferred to social security funds to help finance pensions for China's aging population. This is part of a broader reform effort of restructuring the state sector to become a source of finance for public services. As part of the SOE reform goals outlined in 2015 by SASAC, SOEs are to be classified as either commercial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3405247", "score": "0.9307269", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Public finance", "text": "Public finance Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy. It is the branch of economics which assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable ones. The purview of public finance is considered to be threefold: governmental effects on (1) efficient allocation of resources, (2) distribution of income, and (3) macroeconomic stabilization. The proper role of government provides a starting point for the analysis of public finance. In theory, under certain circumstances, private markets will allocate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1930924", "score": "0.9302024", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ali Haddad", "text": "private sector a larger role in the management of the industrial areas and parks to offer more assistance to companies and boost economic development in the country, and to draft regulatory texts to enable more public-private partnerships. The FCE laid out a 2020-2030 plan with the government of Algeria to drive the economic development of the country. Ali Haddad also has the mission to promote the Algerian economy and its private sector with foreign interlocutors and to foster partnerships. In November 2017, the former U.S State Secretary Rex Tillerson gave Ali Haddad a copy of the Peace and Friendship Treaty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15839122", "score": "0.92899734", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Economic history of Portugal", "text": "that of the Roman Catholic Church), and important companies in the glass, mining, fishing, and agricultural sectors. Because of the key role of the domestic banks as holders of stock, the government indirectly acquired equity positions in hundreds of other firms. An Institute for State Participation was created to deal with the many disparate and often tiny enterprises in which the state had thus obtained a majority shareholding. Another 300 small to medium enterprises came under public management as the government \"intervened\" to rescue them from bankruptcy following their takeover by workers or abandonment by management. Although foreign direct investment", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6558440", "score": "0.9176031", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Remunicipalization", "text": "sectors Hospitals and electricity services have also been taken back into public hands, at all levels of government, and there are vibrant debates around the world about how various services can be returned to public ownership and control. Each service sector offers its own managerial, technical, geographic and political challenges, but there is much to be learned from inter-sectoral debate and dialogue. Corporate Europe Observatory and the Transnational Institute have jointly developed a tracker to showcase cities, regions and countries that have rolled back privatisation and embarked on securing public water for all. This initiative mirrors the private water industry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13009401", "score": "0.9169328", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Socialism", "text": "characteristics. It combines a large state sector that comprises the commanding heights of the economy, which are guaranteed their public ownership status by law, with a private sector mainly engaged in commodity production and light industry responsible from anywhere between 33% to over 70% of GDP generated in 2005. Although there has been a rapid expansion of private-sector activity since the 1980s, privatisation of state assets was virtually halted and were partially reversed in 2005. The current Chinese economy consists of 150 corporatised state-owned enterprises that report directly to China's central government. By 2008, these state-owned corporations had become increasingly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "370347", "score": "0.9168058", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Ori Yogev", "text": "companies. The purpose of the reform, which is based on the OECD's concept of managing government companies, is to transform government companies into a property for them, while improving the efficiency and level of service they provide to citizens in Israel. The government companies that lost NIS 600 million in 2013 went to an aggregate profit of NIS 2.6 billion in 2016 and are expected to earn more than NIS 3 billion in 2017, with all major government companies earning the first time. In November 2013, the Directors' team was launched, which was aimed at ending the political involvement in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16328945", "score": "0.9147278", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Voluntary sector", "text": "commonly called the \"joint sector\", and includes the industries run in partnership by the state and Private Sector. In a wider sense the initial investment is made by the state and later the handling is done by the private sector. But here the private sector is responsible to the state when it comes to handling. In Israel this sector is commonly called the \"Third Sector\", () and generally refers to non-profit organizations (NPOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with the line between the two quite fine. These organizations generally fill a gap in the existing government or municipal service provision. Examples", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3974587", "score": "0.9145328", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales", "text": "food sector investments; the TRAGSA Group for rural and agricultural development; and the Alimentos y Aceites, a producer of fine foods and olive oil. Alimentos y Aceites has shares in Ebro Foods which produces and sells rice and pasta sauces. The communication industry division included the Agencia EFE, a news entity; the RTVE corporation, the state broadcaster; the Ente Publico RTVE; a public information service promoting citizen participation; and the Correos Group, the national postal service. The SEPI Group has overview of the social trust fund, Fundacion SEPI which arranges internships, student loans, and grants for technical training and business", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "924961", "score": "0.9144021", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Public service company", "text": "Public service company A public service company (or public utility company) is a corporation or other non-governmental business entity (i.e. limited partnership) which delivers public services - certain services considered essential to the public interest. The ranks of such companies include public utility companies like natural gas, pipeline, electricity, and water supply companies, sewer companies, telephone companies and telegraph companies. They also include public services such as transportation of passengers or property as a common carrier, such as airlines, railroads, trucking, bus, and taxicab companies. Public service (or utility) companies may operate under certificates of public convenience and necessity which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6296888", "score": "0.91436386", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Business", "text": "portfolio companies\" and restricted purpose companies. There are, however, many, many sub-categories of types of company that can be formed in various jurisdictions in the world. Companies are also sometimes distinguished for legal and regulatory purposes between public companies and private companies. Public companies are companies whose shares can be publicly traded, often (although not always) on a stock exchange which imposes listing requirements/Listing Rules as to the issued shares, the trading of shares and future issue of shares to help bolster the reputation of the exchange or particular market of an exchange. Private companies do not have publicly traded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "515353", "score": "0.91365993", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Poverty trap", "text": "ecosystems), public institutional capital (a well-run public administration, judicial system, police force), and parts of knowledge capital (scientific research for health, energy, agriculture, climate, ecology). Sachs leaves business capital investments to the private sector, which he claims would more efficiently use funding to develop the profitable enterprises necessary to sustain growth. In this sense, Sachs views public institutions as useful in providing the public goods necessary to begin the Rostovian take-off model, but maintains that private goods are more efficiently produced and distributed by private enterprise. This is a widespread view in neoclassical economics. Another theory for the perpetual poverty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3773789", "score": "0.913233", "original_retrieval_index": 45 } ]

[ "Jeff East" ]

[ { "title": "Superman (1978 film)", "text": "or Jor-El for $4 million, turning down all three roles. When it was next decided to cast an unknown actor, casting director Lynn Stalmaster first suggested Christopher Reeve, but Donner and the producers felt he was too young and skinny. Over 200 unknown actors auditioned for Superman. Olympic champion Bruce (Caitlyn) Jenner had auditioned for the title role. Patrick Wayne was cast, but dropped out when his father John Wayne was diagnosed with stomach cancer. Both Neil Diamond and Arnold Schwarzenegger lobbied hard for the role, but were ignored. James Caan, James Brolin, Lyle Waggoner, Christopher Walken, Nick Nolte, Jon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2284527", "score": "1.150617", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Happy Birthday to Me (film)", "text": "Birthday to Me\". Hollywood actor Glenn Ford, who played Jonathan Kent in Richard Donner’s \"Superman\" (1978), was less-than-thrilled to be in a slasher film. Apparently Ford was unpleasant on set, reportedly throwing tantrums...and even punches. His caliber of actor brought a bit of Hollywood glamor to the film, a rare thing for most slashers, which kept costs to a minimum with largely unknown actors. Only \"The Fan\" (1981), which starred Lauren Bacall and James Garner, and \"Alone in the Dark\" (1982), with Donald Pleasence and Jack Palance, could compare as old-Hollywood stars in a slasher film. The film's make-up effects", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7222595", "score": "1.1465309", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Holly Palance", "text": "from \"Superman 2\" (1980), where Reeve played Clark Kent; this footage was released to the public as an extra feature on a special edition DVD release of the film in the early 2000s. Palance is notable for her role as an ill-destined young nanny in \"The Omen\" (1976), alongside Gregory Peck and Lee Remick. Palance co-hosted the television version of \"Ripley's Believe It or Not!\" with her father for one season, replacing Jack's former co-host, Catherine Shirriff; Holly would later be replaced as co-host by singer Marie Osmond. Holly Palance Holly Palance (born August 5, 1950) is an American actress.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7980646", "score": "1.1455586", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Superman (1978 film)", "text": "Kal-El of Krypton and his youthful years in the rural town of Smallville. Disguised as reporter Clark Kent, he adopts a mild-mannered disposition in Metropolis and develops a romance with Lois Lane, while battling the villainous Lex Luthor. Several directors, most notably Guy Hamilton, and screenwriters (Mario Puzo, David and Leslie Newman, and Robert Benton), were associated with the project before Richard Donner was hired to direct. Tom Mankiewicz was drafted in to rewrite the script and was given a \"creative consultant\" credit. It was decided to film both \"Superman\" and its sequel \"Superman II\" (1980) simultaneously, with principal photography", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2284507", "score": "1.1403227", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Superman (1978 film)", "text": "a planet with a suitable atmosphere where his dense molecular structure will give him superhuman strength and other powers. Shortly after the launch, Krypton's sun explodes, destroying the planet. The ship crash lands on Earth near Smallville, Kansas. Kal-El, who is now three years old, is found by Jonathan and Martha Kent, who are astonished when he lifts their truck. They take him to their farm and raise him as their own, naming him Clark after Martha's maiden name. At 18, soon after Jonathan's death from a heart attack, Clark hears a psychic \"call\" and discovers the glowing green crystal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2284510", "score": "1.1360145", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Clark Kent (Smallville)", "text": "the role of Clark Kent, would go on to play Jason Teague as a season four regular. Besides Welling, four other actors have portrayed Clark as young boy/teenager: Malkolm Alburquenque portrayed a three-year-old Clark in the pilot, and season two episode \"Lineage\"; Brandon Fonseca played young Clark in the season five episode \"Vengeance\"; and in the season eight episode \"Abyss\", Jackson Warris would fill the role. In addition, in an alternate reality in the seventh season episode \"Apocalypse\", a teenaged Clark Kent was portrayed by Brett Dier. The pilot director, David Nutter, was looking through pictures of actors and stumbled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11991794", "score": "1.1179312", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Kirk Alyn", "text": "company's 50th anniversary publication \"Fifty Who Made DC Great\". Kirk Alyn Kirk Alyn (born John Feggo Jr., October 8, 1910 – March 14, 1999) was an American actor, best known for being the first actor to play the DC Comics character Superman in live-action for the 1948 movie serial \"Superman\" and its 1950 sequel \"Atom Man vs. Superman\", as well as Blackhawk from the \"Blackhawk\" movie serial in 1952, and General Sam Lane in 1978's \"Superman: The Movie\". Kirk Alyn was born as John Feggo Jr. on October 8, 1910 in Oxford, New Jersey, to Hungarian immigrant parents. In his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3886565", "score": "1.1010534", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tom Welling", "text": "Tom Welling Thomas Joseph Welling (born April 26, 1977) is an American actor, director, producer, and model best known for his role as Clark Kent in The WB/CW superhero drama \"Smallville\" (2001–2011). He also co-starred in the Fox fantasy comedy-drama \"Lucifer\" as Lt. Marcus Pierce / Cain (2017–2018). A high school athlete, Welling initially worked in construction and, in 1998, he successfully modeled men's clothing for several popular brands. In 2000, he made a successful transition to television. He has been nominated for and received several awards for his role as Clark Kent. In 2001, he had a recurring role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4198942", "score": "1.0820197", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Kirk Alyn", "text": "Kirk Alyn Kirk Alyn (born John Feggo Jr., October 8, 1910 – March 14, 1999) was an American actor, best known for being the first actor to play the DC Comics character Superman in live-action for the 1948 movie serial \"Superman\" and its 1950 sequel \"Atom Man vs. Superman\", as well as Blackhawk from the \"Blackhawk\" movie serial in 1952, and General Sam Lane in 1978's \"Superman: The Movie\". Kirk Alyn was born as John Feggo Jr. on October 8, 1910 in Oxford, New Jersey, to Hungarian immigrant parents. In his youth he lived in Wharton, New Jersey. A plaque", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3886557", "score": "1.0808158", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jeff East", "text": "Jeff East (born October 27, 1957) is an American actor. Beginning his professional acting career at the age of fourteen, East is known for his portrayal of Huckleberry Finn in the United Artists feature films Tom Sawyer (1973) and Huckleberry Finn (1974), as well as for his portrayal of a teenage Clark Kent in Alexander Salkind's Superman: The Movie (1978).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Superman (1978 film)", "text": "sunrise for further adventures. Kirk Alyn and Noel Neill have cameo appearances as Lois Lane's father and mother in a deleted scene that was restored in later home media releases. Alyn and Neill portrayed Superman and Lois Lane in the film serials \"Superman\" (1948) and \"Atom Man vs. Superman\" (1950), and were the first actors to portray the characters onscreen in a live-action format. Neill reprised her role in the 1950s \"Adventures of Superman\" TV series. Larry Hagman and Rex Reed also make cameos; Hagman plays an army major in charge of a convoy that is transporting one of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2284517", "score": "1.0752841", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Christopher Reeve", "text": "disaster movie \"Gray Lady Down\". He then acted in the play \"My Life\" at the Circle Repertory Company with friend William Hurt. During \"My Life\", Stark Hesseltine told Reeve that he had been asked to audition for the leading role as Clark Kent/Superman in the big budget film, \"Superman\" (1978). Lynn Stalmaster, the casting director, put Reeve's picture and résumé on the top of the pile three separate times, only to have the producers throw it out each time. Through Stalmaster's persistent pleading, a meeting between director Richard Donner, producer Ilya Salkind, and Reeve was set in January 1977 at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "805851", "score": "1.0750184", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Adventures of Superman (TV series)", "text": "truly over. Another spin-off idea was a pilot Whitney Ellsworth produced in 1961: \"The Adventures of Superboy\". Johnny Rockwell starred as a young Clark Kent in Smallville, and as Superboy, he wore a suit similar in design to George Reeves' suit. Although thirteen scripts had been written, only the pilot was filmed. Neill and her original 1948 \"Superman\" serial co-star, Kirk Alyn, enjoyed cameos in the 1978 film \"Superman\" as Lois Lane's parents. Their dialogue scene was cut for theatrical release, but played in its entirety when the film was broadcast on TV, and later in the 2001 director's cut", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2908257", "score": "1.0663147", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Kirk Alyn", "text": "Lois Lane for the 1978 feature movie, \"Superman\". In a brief on-set interview, he explains his method of portraying Superman and Clark Kent, contained in a documentary narrated by Ernie Anderson, \"The Making of Superman: The Movie\" (1978). In 1981, Alyn appeared as \"Pa Cant\" in the parody movie \"Superbman: The Other Movie\", a role that lasted only seconds, as Cant dies from heart failure immediately after discovering the strange visitor from the planet \"Krapton\". Alyn made his final movie, the horror movie \"Scalps\", In 1983. In 1988, he participated in the 1988 TV special \"Superman 50th Anniversary Special\" as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3886563", "score": "1.0656658", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Superman in film", "text": "with Superman flying off to Krypton in a spaceship. Brett Ratner was hired to direct in September 2002, originally expressing an interest in casting an unknown for the lead role, while filming was to start sometime in late 2003. Christopher Reeve joined as project consultant, citing Tom Welling, who portrayed the teenage Clark Kent in \"Smallville\", as an ideal candidate. Reeve added \"the character is more important than the actor who plays him, because it is an enduring mythology. It definitely should be an unknown.\" Ratner approached Josh Hartnett, Jude Law, Paul Walker and Brendan Fraser for Superman, but conceded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10520397", "score": "1.0640395", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Clark Kent", "text": "a third persona as Kal-El. The first film is in three sections: Kal-El's infancy on Krypton (shot in London on the 007 stage), Clark Kent's teen years in Smallville, and Kent/Superman's adult life in Metropolis (shot in New York City). In earlier sections of the film, Reeve's Kent interacts with both his earthly parents and the spirit of his Kryptonian father through a special crystal, in a way George Reeves never did. The film has a fair amount of quasi-Biblical imagery suggestive of Superman as a sort of Christ-figure sent by Jor-El \"to show humans the way\". (See also Superman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "96551", "score": "1.0601275", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Superman (1978 film)", "text": "Voight, and Perry King were approached. Kris Kristofferson and Charles Bronson were also considered for the title role. James Caan said he was offered the part but turned it down. \"I just couldn't wear that suit.\" \"We found guys with fabulous physique who couldn't act or wonderful actors who did not look remotely like Superman,\" creative consultant Tom Mankiewicz remembered. The search became so desperate that producer Ilya Salkind's wife's dentist was screen tested. Stalmaster convinced Donner and Ilya to have Reeve screen test in February 1977. Reeve stunned the director and producers, but he was told to wear a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2284528", "score": "1.0510359", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Aaron Smolinski", "text": "Aaron Smolinski Aaron Smolinski is a Canadian actor. His first acting role was as at the age of two in the 1978 film \"Superman\" as the infant Clark Kent. He has also appeared in \"Superman II\" and in different roles in \"Superman III\" and \"Man of Steel\". Aaron grew up in Calgary, Alberta, Canada with his parents (Leslie and Susanne) and brother (Travis). He performed in multiple movies, \"Superman\", \"Superman II\", and \"Superman III\", as well as many TV commercials. At primary school, Aaron was very athletic, participating in soccer, ice hockey and gymnastics. When his family moved to southern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17652112", "score": "1.0501957", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Margot Kidder", "text": "close friendship with her \"Superman\" co-star Christopher Reeve, which lasted from 1978 until his death in 2004: \"When you're strapped to someone hanging from the ceiling for months and months, you get pretty darned close,\" Kidder told CBS. \"He was such a huge part of my life... He was complicated, very smart, really smart, and he knew he'd done something meaningful. He was very aware of that and very happy with that role.\" In 1979, she starred as Kathy Lutz in the supernatural horror film \"The Amityville Horror\" (1979), which further cemented her status as one of Hollywood's leading ladies.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4234722", "score": "1.0491632", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Charles Bronson", "text": "director John Carpenter thought he was too tough looking and too old for the part, and decided to cast Kurt Russell instead. Bronson auditioned for the role of Superman for the 1978 film adaptation, but producer Ilya Salkind turned him down for being too earthy and decided to cast Christopher Reeve. His first marriage was to Harriet Tendler, whom he met when both were fledgling actors in Philadelphia. They had two children before divorcing in 1965. She wrote in her memoir that she \"was an 18-year-old virgin when she met the 26-year-old Charlie Buchinsky at a Philadelphia acting school in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1665899", "score": "1.0483527", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Superman (1978 film)", "text": "of a full-scale set and matte paintings. Young Clark Kent's long-distance football punt was executed with a wooden football loaded into an air blaster placed in the ground. The Superman costume was to be a much darker blue, but the use of blue screen made it transparent. The first test for the flying sequences involved simply catapulting a crash test dummy out of a cannon. Another technique had a remote control cast of Superman flying around. Both were discarded due to lack of movement. High-quality, realistic-looking animation was tried, with speed trails added to make the effect more convincing. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2284539", "score": "1.0473516", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Superman curse", "text": "hosting the game show \"To Tell the Truth\". He returned to Superman by voicing \"The New Adventures of Superman\" for CBS in 1966. Three years later, he was dead of a circulatory ailment at the age of 61. Lee Quigley, who played Superman as a baby in the 1978 film, died in 1991 at age 14 of solvent abuse. George Reeves played Superman in the 1951 film \"Superman and the Mole Men\" and the ensuing television series \"Adventures of Superman.\" Like Alyn and Reeve, he was too closely associated with the role to find further work. On June 16, 1959,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7320827", "score": "1.0468148", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Clark Kent (Smallville)", "text": "a more ideal actor to play this superpowered farm boy than Tom Welling, with his wholesome, honest face and heroic good looks—Welling not only resembles Christopher Reeve physically, but has all of the earnest charm that made Reeve the quintessential Superman.\" \"The Free Lance–Star\"s Ron Hedelt likened Welling's performances as Clark Kent to that of Christopher Reeve's performances in the \"Superman\" films, stating that Welling manages to portray a \"... sweet, unassuming teenager ...\" while showing Clark struggle with the truth about himself. Comics2Film's Rob Worley also wrote of the physical resemblance Welling has to Christopher Reeve, noting that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11991827", "score": "1.0444882", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Sarah Douglas (actress)", "text": "Sarah Douglas (actress) Sarah Douglas (born 12 December 1952) is an English actress. She is perhaps best known for playing the Kryptonian supervillain Ursa in \"Superman\" (1978), \"Superman II\" (1980) and one episode of \"Supergirl\" in 2018. Her other prominent roles include that of the evil Queen Taramis in the 1984 film \"Conan the Destroyer\", and Pamela Lynch in the 1980s primetime drama series \"Falcon Crest\" (1983–85). Douglas was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, the second daughter of Beryl (née Smith), a physiotherapist who often worked upon RSC actors, and of Edward Douglas, a career member of the Royal Air Force.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4294475", "score": "1.0437696", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Superboy", "text": "are several reports of Superman's activities prior to his first appearance in Metropolis. Later comics expanded upon Luthor's observation. A year after \"Infinite Crisis\", a cinematic Superman retrospective states that young Kal-El gave rise to \"a rarely-glimpsed American myth—the mysterious Super-Boy.\" Fourteen-year-old Clark Kent is depicted using his superpowers to save lives in secret, wearing no costume, only his everyday clothes, much like the Clark Kent of the \"Smallville\" TV series. Several concepts associated with the original Superboy and \"Smallville\" were reintroduced into post-\"Infinite Crisis\" continuity as part of Superman's earlier years. Krypto was revealed as a companion to Clark", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2040582", "score": "1.0428579", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Noel Neill", "text": "Noel Neill Noel Darleen Neill (November 25, 1920 – July 3, 2016) was an American actress. She is known for playing Lois Lane in the film serials \"Superman\" (1948) and \"Atom Man vs. Superman\" (1950), as well as the 1950s television series \"Adventures of Superman\". She appeared in 80 films and television series in her career spanning 66 years. Following high school graduation in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Neill took up professional acting and modeling in the early 1940s before landing the role of Lois Lane. She later appeared in various productions of the Superman franchise. Frequently cast as the parent or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5336845", "score": "1.0399599", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Noel Neill", "text": "and \"Atom Man vs. Superman\" (1950), with Kirk Alyn portraying Superman/Clark Kent. When \"Adventures of Superman\" came to television in 1951, veteran movie actors George Reeves and Phyllis Coates took the leading roles for the first season. By the time the series found a sponsor and a network time slot, Coates had committed herself to another production, so the producers called on Noel Neill, who had played Lois Lane in the movies. She continued in the role for five seasons until the series went off the air in 1958. She was scheduled to appear in the seventh season with co-star", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5336849", "score": "1.0369209", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jack Larson", "text": "the TV series \"Superboy\", alongside Noel Neill, who played Lois Lane in \"Adventures of Superman\", and an episode of \"\" as an aged Jimmy Olsen in the episode \"Brutal Youth\", first broadcast on October 20, 1996. Larson had a cameo in a late-1990s American Express card commercial with Jerry Seinfeld and an animated Superman, directed by David Kellogg. He and Neill provided commentary on several \"Adventures of Superman\" episodes for the January 2006 DVD release of the 1953 season, and in 2006, he appeared in Bryan Singer's film \"Superman Returns\" in a cameo role as \"Bo the Bartender\". Larson and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5459622", "score": "1.0364342", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "David Wilson (actor)", "text": "David Wilson (actor) David Patrick Wilson (born February 26, 1949) is an American actor and director, probably best known for playing Superman in the 1975 TV musical special \"It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman\" an adaptation of the 1966 Broadway musical. David was born and raised in New York City, to Scottish/Irish parents. He attended public schools in Northport, New York, on Long Island and graduated from Northport High School there in 1967. A scholar athlete, he forsook sports in his senior year to star in his school's production of \"South Pacific,\" opposite future Hollywood actress/entertainer Patti Lupone. He then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8428325", "score": "1.0360636", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Kirk Alyn", "text": "for the first serial but the wires turned out to be clearly visible and that footage was scrapped.) After playing Superman, he again suffered casting problems. Apart from featuring in some similar comic book-type serials, he had few roles in television series and movies, some even uncredited, until he retired. Alyn was reportedly offered the part of Superman for the television version of 1951, but refused it. In 1971, he published an autobiography entitled \"A Job for Superman\". Alyn shared a very brief cameo with his serial co-star, Noel Neill, as Sam and Ellen Lane, the parents of the young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3886562", "score": "1.0355364", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "Abanindranath Tagore CIE", "Abanindranath Tagore" ]

[ { "title": "The Asiatic Society", "text": "Museum of Calcutta was established in 1814, the Society handed over most of its valuable collections to it. The Society however still has a museum of its own which possesses a rock edict of Asoka (c. 250 BCE) and a significant collection of copper plate inscriptions, coins, sculptures, manuscripts and archival records. Some masterpieces, like Joshua Reynolds’ \"Cupid asleep on Cloud \", Guido Cagnacci's \"Cleopatra\", Thomas Daniell's \"A Ghat at Benares\" and Peter Paul Rubens’ \"Infant Christ\" are also in the possession of this museum. The Asiatic Society The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3944141", "score": "1.1915593", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Asiatic Society", "text": "manuscripts and drawings in December 1822. Since 1849, the Society has printed \"Bibliotheca Indica\", a collection of rare and unpublished works belonging to or treating of Oriental literature and containing original text-editions as well as translations into English, and also grammars, dictionaries, bibliographies, and studies. The museum of the Society was founded in 1814 under the superintendence of Nathaniel Wallich. The rapid growth of its collection is evident from its first catalogue, published in 1849. By 1849 the Society had its own museum consisting of inscriptions in stone and metal, icons, old coins and Sanskrit manuscripts etc. When the Indian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3944140", "score": "1.1705025", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Nandalal Bose", "text": "with a staff. It became the iconic image for the non-violence movement. His genius and original style were recognised by famous artists and art critics like Gaganendranath Tagore, Ananda Coomaraswamy and O. C. Ganguli. These lovers of art felt that objective criticism was necessary for the development of painting and founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art. He became principal of the Kala Bhavana (College of Arts) at Tagore's International University Santiniketan in 1922. He was also famously asked by Jawaharlal Nehru to sketch the emblems for the Government of India's awards, including the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Shri.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7280592", "score": "1.164948", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Christiana Herringham", "text": "Cennini's 15th century treatise \"Il libro dell' arte o trattato della pittura\" in 1899 and founding the Society of Painters in Tempera in 1901. In 1910, Herringham became involved in the promotion of Indian Art in the UK through her friendship with William Rothenstein. Ernest Havell and Rothenstein formed the India Society and Herringham joined the committee. She was the only female committee member at the time. The Society would often meet at her home at 40 Wimpole Street in London, which was later destroyed during The Blitz. Her husband became Chair of the India Society committee in 1914. Following", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13909495", "score": "1.1636801", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Mansel Longworth Dames", "text": "Buddhist art on the north-west frontier of India, and brought with him from there a fine collection of sculpture of the Gandhara period. He also did valuable service in rearranging the Buddhist rooms of the British Museum. For more than twenty years he served the Royal Asiatic Society, for part of the time as a Vice-President and Joint-Treasurer, and in 1921 he acted as Honorary Secretary. After his retirement he prepared several important articles for the \"Encyclopaedia of Islam\" on subjects relating to that part of northern India which he had studied so closely. Besides Oriental languages he was an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15271417", "score": "1.1585292", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Asiatic Society of Mumbai", "text": "in 1907 and is awarded to recognize distinguished services on the subject of Oriental History, Folklore or Ethnology which further the investigation and encouragement of Oriental Arts, Sciences and Literature. The first winner was archaeologist Aurel Stein in 1908. Established in 1946, the medal is awarded for valuable research work in Vedic Studies or in Classical Sanskrit with special reference to Dharma Shastra and Poetics. The Silver Medal is awarded to a member of the Society who has written a book adjudged as the best in the given 3-year period. The Town Hall (colloquially Called \"Tondal\" in the 19th century)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4563016", "score": "1.1584401", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Simon Digby (oriental scholar)", "text": "Elephant in the Delhi Sultanate\". In 1972 he was appointed to a post in the Department of Eastern Art of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, which had been created for David McCutchion, who had died before he could take it up. This was to be Simon's only full-time paid position, he having benefitted from a number of legacies from deceased relatives. At the Ashmolean, and on a tight budget, he made a series of purchases of Indian decorative arts that were exceptional for their quality. As an ex-officio member of the Oriental Faculty of the University of Oxford (1972–2000), Digby", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14235281", "score": "1.1575353", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Nathaniel Wallich", "text": "superintendent of the Oriental Museum of the Asiatic Society. Dr. Nathaniel Wallich took charge of the museum on 1 June 1814. The museum thus inaugurated, grew rapidly under the guidance of its founder Wallich and private collectors. Most of these private contributors were Europeans except for one Indian, Babu Ramkamal Sen, initially a collector and later the first Indian secretary to the Asiatic Society. Wallich was not only the enthusiastic founder and the first curator the Indian Museum, he was one of the largest donors to the museum at its inception. Out of one hundred seventy four items donated to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3550507", "score": "1.1543678", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Archaeological Survey of India", "text": "survey organisations of India. ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham who also became its first Director-General. The first systematic research into the subcontinent's history was conducted by the Asiatic Society, which was founded by the British Indologist William Jones on 15 January 1784. Based in Calcutta, the society promoted the study of ancient Sanskrit and Persian texts and published an annual journal titled \"Asiatic Researches\". Notable among its early members was Charles Wilkins who published the first English translation of the \"Bhagavad Gita\" in 1785 with the patronage of the then Governor-General of India, Warren Hastings. However, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5430887", "score": "1.1499304", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Abanindranath Tagore", "text": "Abanindranath Tagore CIE (অবনীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর) (7 August 1871 – 5 December 1951) was the principal artist and creator of the \"Indian Society of Oriental Art\". He was also the first major exponent of Swadeshi values in Indian art, thereby founding the influential Bengal school of art, which led to the development of modern Indian painting He was also a noted writer, particularly for children. Popularly known as 'Aban Thakur', his books Rajkahini, Budo Angla, Nalak, and Khirer Putul are landmarks in Bengali language children's literature.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français", "text": "Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français The Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français ( \"Orientalist French Painters Society\") was an art society founded in 1893 to promote not only Orientalism but also the travel of French artists in the Far East. Founded in 1893, by the artist, Alphonse-Étienne Dinet and the art historian and curator, Léonce Bénédite, the Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français (\"Orientalist French Painters Society\") was an art society to promote not only Orientalist paintings, but also the travel of French artists in the Far East. The group established an Artists' Salon and also mounted displays for French colonial exhibitions.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16776548", "score": "1.1497906", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Damerla Rama Rao", "text": "Bhangam\" and \"Turpu Kanumallo Godavari\" to the exhibition organised by the Oriental Society. The Viceroy of India award was conferred to Rama Rao for his former painting and the latter was purchased by the then Viceroy of India Rufus Daniel Isaacs. He travelled through various locations in the country and in 1922 settled in Rajahmundry. He instituted the Andhra Society of Indian Arts. He organised a national level art exhibition in Rajahmundry, the first time in the region. He died on 6 February 1925. Varada Venkata Rathnam established an art gallery in the name of Satya Vani, which was inaugurated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9859812", "score": "1.1312702", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Asiatic Society", "text": "The Asiatic Society The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on 15 January 1784 in a meeting presided over by Sir William Jones, Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William at the Fort William in Calcutta, then capital of the British Raj, to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research. At the time of its foundation, this Society was named as \"Asiatick Society\". In 1825, the society dropped the antique \"k\" without any formal resolution and the Society was renamed as \"The Asiatic Society\". In 1832 the name was changed to \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3944132", "score": "1.1264234", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland", "text": "fellows of the society have included Rabindranath Tagore, Sir Aurel Stein, Sir Wilfred Thesiger, and George V. Tsereteli. The Society is affiliated with associate societies in India (Calcutta, Bombay, Bangalore, Madras, and Bihar), the former branch in Bombay now being known as the Asiatic Society of Mumbai. It is also affiliated with the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch (established in 1847), the Asiatic Society of Japan (established in 1875), the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (established in 1877), and Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch (established in 1900). In China the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3379830", "score": "1.1260858", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "John Griffiths (artist)", "text": "John Griffiths (artist) John Griffiths (29 November 1837 – 1 December 1918) was a British artist who worked in India, noted for his Orientalist works. He was born in Llanfair Caereinion and trained in what became the Royal College of Art. He became a Professor of Art and moved to Bombay as the principal of the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art in Bombay. One of his major works was the copying of paintings in the Buddhist temples at Ajanta which were published in two large folio volumes \"The paintings in the Buddhist Cave Temples at Ajanta\". He retired in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14482357", "score": "1.1252964", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Percy Brown (art historian)", "text": "art, including the two-volume \"Indian Architecture\" (Volume I: \"Buddhist and Hindu Periods\" and Volume II: \"Islamic Period\") in 1940. Other notable works of his include \"A descriptive guide to the Department of archaeology & antiquities\" (1908), \"Picturesque Nepal\" (1912), \"Indian painting\" (1918), and \"Tours in Sikhim and the Darjeeling District\" (1922). Percy Brown (art historian) Percy Brown (1872–1955) was a renowned British scholar, artist, art critic, historian and archaeologist, well known as an author on Indian architecture and art, especially for his studies on Greco-Bactrian art. Brown was born in Birmingham in 1872. He began his studies at a local", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16415434", "score": "1.1248336", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi", "text": "for his research work. In 1941, the then Viceroy of India, Linlithgow, honoured Mirashi with the \"Mahamahopadhyaya\" title. In 1966, the then President of India, S. Radhakrishnan, awarded him a Certificate of Honour for proficiency in Sanskrit learning. In 1970, he was nominated as the Honorary Correspondent of the Archaeological Department of the Government of India. The universities of Saugar and Nagpur conferred him with honorary D. Litt. degrees in 1958 and 1960, respectively. He was elected General President of the Numismatic Society of India (1951), the All India Oriental Conference (1959), and the Indian History Congress (1961). The Numismatic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13446627", "score": "1.1244912", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Asiatic Society", "text": "30,000.00. The first quarterly meeting of the Society for 1808 was held at its new building on 3 February 1808. From 1784 to 1828, only Europeans were elected members of the Society. In 1829, at the initiative of H.H. Wilson, a number of Indians were elected members, which include Dwarakanath Tagore, Sivchandra Das, Maharaja Baidyanath Roy, Maharaja Bunwari Govind Roy, Raja Kalikrishna Bahadur, Rajchunder Das, Ram Comul Sen and Prasanna Coomar Tagore. On 12 December 1832 Ram Comul Sen was elected 'Native Secretary'. Later, Rajendralal Mitra became the first Indian President in 1885. Both the orientalist, Brajendranath De, and one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3944136", "score": "1.1128399", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Indian Museum, Kolkata", "text": "for and displayed. The objective began to look achievable in 1808 when the Society was offered suitable accommodation by the Government of India in the Chowringhee-Park Street area. In February 2, 1814, Nathaniel Wallich, a Danish botanist, who had been captured in the siege of Serampore but later released, wrote a letter supporting the formation of a museum in Calcutta which he said should have two sections - an archaeological, ethnological and technical section and a geological and zoological one. The Museum was created, with Wallich named the Honorary Curator and then Superintendent of the Oriental Museum of the Asiatic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3297834", "score": "1.1113616", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Zoological Survey of India", "text": "birth and growth. The history of ZSI begins from the days of the Asiatic Society of Bengal founded by Sir William Jones on 15 January 1784. The Asiatic Society of Bengal was the mother institution not only to the Indian Museum (1875) but also to the institutions like the Zoological Survey of India and the Geological Survey of India. ZSI’s establishment was in fact a fulfillment of the dream of Sir William Jones, the founder of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, whose vision encompassed the entire range of human knowledge. The Asiatic Society had started collecting zoological and geological specimens", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8379658", "score": "1.1110471", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Asiatic Society of Mumbai", "text": "The Asiatic Society of Mumbai The Asiatic Society of Mumbai (formerly \"Asiatic Society of Bombay\") is a learned society in the field of Asian studies based in Mumbai, India. It can trace its origin to the Literary Society of Bombay which first met in Mumbai on November 26, 1804, and was founded by Sir James Mackintosh. It was formed with the intention of \"promoting useful knowledge, particularly such as is now immediately connected with India\". After the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland was established in London in 1823, the Literary Society of Bombay became affiliated with it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4563011", "score": "1.1099946", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Oriental Ceramic Society", "text": "on Chinese ceramics, jades, paintings and Middle Eastern art. It hosts handling sessions of items from the main London museums, such as the British Museum, Sir Percival David Collection, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, as well as members’ collections. It has traditionally organised outings to English country houses, visits to private collections, guided tours to exhibitions as well as overseas trips as a means to promote the subject and as an educational resource. The Society currently has members throughout the world, and its meetings in London are mostly held on the premises of the Society of Antiquaries, next to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15978230", "score": "1.1097327", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Gaganendranath Tagore", "text": "actress Sharmila Tagore. Gaganendranath received no formal education but trained under the watercolourist Harinarayan Bandopadhyay. In 1907, along with his brother Abanindranath, he founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art which later published the influential journal \"Rupam\". Between 1906 and 1910, the artist studied and assimilated Japanese brush techniques and the influence of Far Eastern art into his own work, as demonstrated by his illustrations for Rabindranath Tagore’s autobiography \"Jeevansmriti\" (1912). He went on to develop his own approach in his \"Chaitanya\" and \"Pilgrim\" series. Gaganendranath eventually abandoned the revivalism of the Bengal School and took up caricature. The \"Modern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4300409", "score": "1.1090953", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Georges Gasté", "text": "and watercolours. This was to be the most productive period of his career. In 1907, he was appointed as the official correspondent of the Orientalist Painters’ Society in India. In 1909, he was given rare permission to spend six months inside the great temple of Madurai. From this privilege, he produced several works, including: \"Le Bain des Brahmines,\" now in the collection of the Orsay Museum. He became known as \"the painter of India.\" He died, at his studio in Madurai, India from an illness on 12th of September, 1910. In 2013, an exhibition entitled \"Georges Gasté, un Orient d’ombre", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17661709", "score": "1.1063602", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "William Jones (philologist)", "text": "In the Subcontinent he was entranced by Indian culture, an as-yet untouched field in European scholarship, and on 15 January 1784 he founded the Asiatic Society in Calcutta and started a journal called \"Asiatick Researches\". He studied the Vedas with Rāmalocana, a pandit teaching at the Nadiya Hindu university, becoming a proficient Sanskritist. Jones kept up a ten-year correspondence on the topic of \"jyotisa\" or Hindu astronomy with fellow orientalist Samuel Davis. Over the next ten years he would produce a flood of works on India, launching the modern study of the subcontinent in virtually every social science. He also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "396762", "score": "1.10242", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "James Atkinson (Persian scholar)", "text": "It was whilst at Backergunj that he began his study of Persian and other oriental languages. He became a close friend of Sir Charles D’Oyly who was the Collector of Dacca (1808–1812) and a keen amateur artist. George Chinnery stayed with D’Oyly during this period and both D’Oyly and Atkinson became his pupils becoming heavily influenced by his passion for painting Indian landscapes and village life. It was Atkinson's proficiency with languages that brought him to the attention of The Lord Minto, the Governor General of India, who invited Atkinson to Calcutta in 1812 where he was appointed Assistant to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13958228", "score": "1.1019778", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français", "text": "the Villa Medicis offered by the better known prize. The Society's founding members and officials Roger Benjamin, \"Orientalist Aesthetics: Art, Colonialism, and North Africa: 1880-1930,\" University of California Press, 2009, especially Chapter 3 \"A Society for Orientalists\" Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français The Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français ( \"Orientalist French Painters Society\") was an art society founded in 1893 to promote not only Orientalism but also the travel of French artists in the Far East. Founded in 1893, by the artist, Alphonse-Étienne Dinet and the art historian and curator, Léonce Bénédite, the Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français (\"Orientalist French", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16776552", "score": "1.1008252", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Frans Balthazar Solvyns", "text": "scholar Sir William Jones who had founded the Asiatic Society, he devised in 1794 the scheme to create a series of etchings that depict the everyday life of the inhabitants of the subcontinent. He published his first collection of about 250 etchings under the title \"\" in Calcutta in 1796. More etchings followed in 1799. His etchings covered the castes and their professions, costumes, means of transportation, modes of smoking, fakirs, musical instruments, and festivals. The project was a financial failure. The reason for the failure may have been that according to the prevailing European artistic tastes of his time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16277175", "score": "1.0997934", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Simon Digby (oriental scholar)", "text": "and their Work: Equipment and techniques in the Mor Village of Ratadi in Saurashtra, India, XXXIV, 2, 1971,421. The Burlington Magazine ‘Art and the East India Trade:’ Notice of an Exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum, December 1970, 841. South Asian Review J. Irwin, The Kashmir Shawl, 8,1, October 1974, 83–4. P. Denwood, The Tibetan Carpet, 8,3, April 1975, 272–3. Times Literary Supplement S.J. Falk, Qajar Paintings, 6 April 1973, 374. S.C.Welch, A King’s Book of Kings, 4 May 1973, 508. B.C. Olschak, Mystic Art of Ancient Tibet, March 1974. B.W.Robinson, Persian Paintings in the India Office Library, Articles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14235286", "score": "1.098088", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Modern Indian painting", "text": "art were brushed away as being \"dead\" and the stuff of museums; \"from the official British perspective, India had no living art\". To propagate Western values in art education and the colonial agenda, the British established art schools in Calcutta and Madras in 1854 and in Bombay in 1857. Raja Ravi Varma (1848–1906) was a remarkable self-taught Indian painter from the princely state of Travancore. His exposure in the west came when he won the first prize in the Vienna Art Exhibition in 1873. Varma's paintings were also sent to the World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago in 1893 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16142497", "score": "1.0971055", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Parashara" ]

[ { "title": "Matthias Jakob Schleiden", "text": "cell nucleus, discovered in 1831 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, and sensed its connection with cell division. He became professor of botany at the University of Dorpat in 1863. He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells and that an embryonic plant organism arises from the one cell. He died in Frankfurt am Main on 23 June 1881. \"Die Entwickelung der Meduse\" (\"The Development of the Medusæ\"), in Schleiden's \"Das Meer\" Schleiden was an early advocate of evolution. In a lecture on the \"History of the Vegetable World\" published in his book \"The Plant: A Biography\" (1848)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "611772", "score": "1.1131352", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "History of botany", "text": "however, some advances elsewhere such as the early exploration of geotropism (the effect of gravity on growth) by Englishman Thomas Knight, and the discovery and naming of osmosis by Frenchman Henri Dutrochet (1776–1847). The cell nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. Demonstration of the cellular composition of all organisms, with each cell possessing all the characteristics of life, is attributed to the combined efforts of botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) in the early 19th century although Moldenhawer had already shown that plants were wholly cellular with each cell having its own wall and Julius von", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13973537", "score": "1.0491827", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Cell biology", "text": "such as cancer, and other diseases. Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology and cytochemistry . Cells, which were once invisible to the naked eye, were first seen in 17th century Europe with the invention of the compound microscope. Robert Hooke was the first person to term the building block of all living organisms as \"cells\" after looking at cork. The cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells. The theory also states that both plants and animals are composed of cells which was confirmed by plant scientist, Matthias Schleiden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "78823", "score": "1.0136917", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Cell (biology)", "text": "contain more than 10 trillion (10) cells. Most plant and animal cells are visible only under a microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres. Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery. Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells emerged on Earth at least", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "43630", "score": "1.009359", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)", "text": "early as 1682 by the Dutch microscopist Leeuwenhoek, and Franz Bauer had noted and drawn it as a regular feature of plant cells in 1802, but it was Brown who gave it the name it bears to this day (while giving credit to Bauer's drawings). Neither Bauer nor Brown thought the nucleus to be universal, and Brown thought it to be primarily confined to Monocotyledons. After the division of the Natural History Department of the British Museum into three sections in 1837, Robert Brown became the first Keeper of the Botanical Department, remaining so until his death. He was succeeded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2172462", "score": "1.0016737", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cell theory", "text": "is no longer accepted with modern cell theory. In 1839, Theodor Schwann states that along with plants, animals are composed of cells or the product of cells in their structures. This was a major advancement in the field of biology since little was known about animal structure up to this point compared to plants. From these conclusions about plants and animals, two of the three tenets of cell theory were postulated. 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the most basic unit of life Schleiden's theory of free cell formation through crystallization", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "982866", "score": "0.99133766", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Cell theory", "text": "developing cell theory is usually given to two scientists: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden. While Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory, he is not as credited for his attributions toward it. In 1839, Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells. He also suggested that cells were made by a crystallization process either within other cells or from the outside. However, this was not an original idea of Schleiden. He claimed this theory as his own, though Barthelemy Dumortier had stated it years before him. This crystallization process", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "982865", "score": "0.9826597", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Plant anatomy", "text": "continuing Mirbel's work. A German-Polish botanist, Eduard Strasburger, described the mitotic process in plant cells and further demonstrated that new cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other pre-existing nuclei. His \"Studien über Protoplasma\" was published in 1876. Gottlieb Haberlandt, a German botanist, studied plant physiology and classified plant tissue based upon function. On this basis, in 1884 he published \"Physiologische Pflanzenanatomie\" (\"Physiological Plant Anatomy\") in which he described twelve types of tissue systems (absorptive, mechanical, photosynthetic, etc.). British paleobotanists Dunkinfield Henry Scott and William Crawford Williamson described the structures of fossilized plants at the end of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8986339", "score": "0.9799836", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Jean Senebier", "text": "in plant physiology awaited discoveries made between 1750 and 1780. In 1754, Charles Bonnet reported that leaves that were plunged in aerated water produced bubbles of gas, but he did not identify the gas. Then, in 1775, English chemist Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen (which he named \"dephlogisticated air\"), and, just a few years later, in 1779, Dutch physician and researcher Jan Ingen-Housz demonstrated that the bubbles of gas observed by Bonnet on submerged leaves consisted of this same gas. Ingen-Housz also published the first convincing evidence that leaves produce this gas only in sunlight. Senebier was a close friend of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1775875", "score": "0.96496034", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "History of botany", "text": "In India simple artificial plant classification systems of the Rigveda, Atharvaveda and Taittiriya Samhita became more botanical with the work of Parashara (c. 400 – c. 500 AD), the author of Vṛksayurveda (the science of life of trees). He made close observations of cells and leaves and divided plants into Dvimatrka (Dicotyledons) and Ekamatrka (Monocotyledons). The dicotyledons were further classified into groupings (ganas) akin to modern floral families: Samiganiya (Fabaceae), Puplikagalniya (Rutaceae), Svastikaganiya (Cruciferae), Tripuspaganiya (Cucurbitaceae), Mallikaganiya (Apocynaceae), and Kurcapuspaganiya (Asteraceae). Important medieval Indian works of plant physiology include the Prthviniraparyam of Udayana, Nyayavindutika of Dharmottara, Saddarsana-samuccaya of Gunaratna, and", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of botany", "text": "and industry. In 1903 Chlorophylls a and b were separated by thin layer chromatography then, through the 1920s and 1930s, biochemists, notably Hans Krebs (1900–1981) and Carl (1896–1984) and Gerty Cori (1896–1957) began tracing out the central metabolic pathways of life. Between the 1930s and 1950s it was determined that ATP, located in mitochondria, was the source of cellular chemical energy and the constituent reactions of photosynthesis were progressively revealed. Then, in 1944 DNA was extracted for the first time. Along with these revelations there was the discovery of plant hormones or \"growth substances\", notably auxins, (1934) gibberellins (1934) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13973547", "score": "0.9644897", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel", "text": "(supporting tissue). His observation, in 1809, that each plant cell is contained in a continuous membrane, remains a central contribution to cytology. In 1803, Mirbel obtained the post of superintendent of the gardens of Napoleon's Château de Malmaison. There he studied and published on structure of plant tissue and the development of plant organs. He also studied and described the genus \"Marchantia\" of liverworts. His 1802 treatise and these publications enabled him, in 1808, to join the French Academy of Sciences and to become the chair of the botany department of the Sorbonne. His combined tissue studies were published in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5256220", "score": "0.9622656", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cell nucleus", "text": "Scottish botanist Robert Brown in a talk at the Linnean Society of London. Brown was studying orchids under microscope when he observed an opaque area, which he called the \"areola\" or \"nucleus\", in the cells of the flower's outer layer. He did not suggest a potential function. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden proposed that the nucleus plays a role in generating cells, thus he introduced the name \"cytoblast\" (cell builder). He believed that he had observed new cells assembling around \"cytoblasts\". Franz Meyen was a strong opponent of this view, having already described cells multiplying by division and believing that many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "77541", "score": "0.9580432", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Cell theory", "text": "animals or plants. This conclusion was not made until Henri Dutrochet. Besides stating “the cell is the fundamental element of organization”, Dutrochet also claimed that cells were not just a structural unit, but also a physiological unit. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link were awarded the prize for \"solving the problem of the nature of cells\", meaning they were the first to prove that cells had independent cell walls by the Königliche Societät der Wissenschaft (Royal Society of Science), Göttingen. Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and the fluid passed between them this way. Credit for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "982864", "score": "0.9566113", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Theodor Schwann", "text": "in the Liebig–Pasteur dispute. In retrospect, the germ theory of Pasteur, as well as its antiseptic applications by Lister, can be traced to Schwann's influence. In 1837, Matthias Jakob Schleiden viewed and stated that new plant cells formed from the nuclei of old plant cells. Dining with Schwann one day, their conversation turned on the nuclei of plant and animal cells. Schwann remembered seeing similar structures in the cells of the notochord (as had been shown by Müller) and instantly realized the importance of connecting the two phenomena. The resemblance was confirmed without delay by both observers. In further experiments,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3848838", "score": "0.9553298", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Frederick Campion Steward", "text": "of California at Berkeley four years later. In 1934 he returned to England as a Reader in botany and from 1940 to serve in the Ministry of Aircraft Production. After the war he returned to the USA, holding appointments at the Universities of Chicago and Rochester before finally moving to Cornell in 1950. His most important scientific contribution came in 1958, when he established that plants could be totally regenerated from one cell. The finding revolutionised the world of plant cell biology, establishing for the first time that plant cuttings and shoots were no longer required to propagate hybrids and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3401313", "score": "0.9532659", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Botany", "text": "herbalist John Gerard (1545–c. 1611) published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants. Naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605) was considered the \"father of natural history\", which included the study of plants. In 1665, using an early microscope, Polymath Robert Hooke discovered cells, a term he coined, in cork, and a short time later in living plant tissue. During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters. The choice and sequence of the characters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "49601", "score": "0.9511808", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Cell wall", "text": "silica. A plant cell wall was first observed and named (simply as a \"wall\") by Robert Hooke in 1665. However, \"the dead excrusion product of the living protoplast\" was forgotten, for almost three centuries, being the subject of scientific interest mainly as a resource for industrial processing or in relation to animal or human health. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F. Link proved that cells had independent cell walls. Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and that fluid passed between them this way. The mode of formation of the cell wall was controversial in the 19th century.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "78495", "score": "0.94539356", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Gottlieb Haberlandt", "text": "original assertions methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in Biology and Medicine. His original idea presented in 1902 was called totipotentiality: “Theoretically all plant cells are able to give rise to a complete plant.” The more efficient C-4 photosynthesis in land plants depends on a specialized Kranz (German for wreath) leaf anatomy first described by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1904 Gottlieb Haberlandt Gottlieb Haberlandt (28 November 1854, Ungarisch-Altenburg (present day Magyaróvár) – 30 January 1945, Berlin) was an Austrian botanist. He was the son of European 'soybean' pioneer Professor Friedrich J. Haberlandt. His son", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9356336", "score": "0.94505775", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of botany", "text": "opening up exciting new fields. In 1936 Alexander Oparin (1894–1980) demonstrated a possible mechanism for the synthesis of organic matter from inorganic molecules. In the 1960s it was determined that the Earth's earliest life-forms treated as plants, the cyanobacteria known as stromatolites, dated back some 3.5 billion years. Mid-century transmission and scanning electron microscopy presented another level of resolution to the structure of matter, taking anatomy into the new world of \"ultrastructure\". New and revised \"phylogenetic\" classification systems of the plant kingdom were produced, perhaps the most notable being that of August Eichler (1839–1887), and the massive 23 volume \"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13973550", "score": "0.94453037", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Plant anatomy", "text": "1600s that plant anatomy became refined into a modern science. Italian doctor and microscopist, Marcello Malpighi, was one of the two founders of plant anatomy. In 1671 he published his \"Anatomia Plantarum\", the first major advance in plant physiogamy since Aristotle. The other founder was the British doctor Nehemiah Grew. He published \"An Idea of a Philosophical History of Plants\" in 1672 and \"The Anatomy of Plants\" in 1682. Grew is credited with the recognition of plant cells, although he called them 'vesicles' and 'bladders'. He correctly identified and described the sexual organs of plants (flowers) and their parts. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8986336", "score": "0.9418028", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Botany", "text": "theory with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow and was among the first to grasp the significance of the cell nucleus that had been described by Robert Brown in 1831. In 1855, Adolf Fick formulated Fick's laws that enabled the calculation of the rates of molecular diffusion in biological systems. Building upon the gene-chromosome theory of heredity that originated with Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), August Weismann (1834–1914) proved that inheritance only takes place through gametes. No other cells can pass on inherited characters. The work of Katherine Esau (1898–1997) on plant anatomy is still a major foundation of modern botany. Her books", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "49605", "score": "0.9416403", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Cell theory", "text": "which was first introduced by Dumortier, was how reproduction of new animal cells were made. Once this tenet was added, the classical cell theory was complete. The generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: The modern version of the cell theory includes the ideas that: The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope. The first cell theory is credited to the work of Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden in the 1830s. In this theory the internal contents of cells were called protoplasm and described as a jelly-like substance, sometimes called living jelly. At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "982868", "score": "0.9367712", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ralf Reski", "text": "\"cytoskeleton\", in 2000 and presented a new concept in cell biology of how chloroplasts, the green cell organelles of plants, change shape and divide. In 1999, the chemical company BASF invested more than 30 Mio. DM in a four-year cooperation project with Reski to identify new genes which may be able to make crop plants more resistant to drought, cold and attack by pests. Plants with improved nutritional value (vitamins or polyunsaturated fatty acids) have also been in the research focus of their collaboration. In the same year, Reski invented the moss bioreactor and founded \"greenovation Biotech GmbH\", a biotechnology", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11971588", "score": "0.9364852", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Plant", "text": "of the world's molecular oxygen and are the basis of most of Earth's ecosystems, especially on land. Plants that produce grain, fruit and vegetables form humankind's basic foods, and have been domesticated for millennia. Plants have many cultural and other uses as ornaments, building materials, writing material and in great variety, they have been the source of medicines and drugs. The scientific study of plants is known as botany, a branch of biology. All living things were traditionally placed into one of two groups, plants and animals. This classification may date from Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), who made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12590336", "score": "0.93593884", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Matthias Jakob Schleiden", "text": "Matthias Jakob Schleiden Matthias Jakob Schleiden (; 5 April 1804 23 June 1881) was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. Matthais Jakob Schleiden was born in Hamburg, Germany, on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies graduating in 1827. He then established a legal practice but after a period of emotional depression and an attempted suicide, he changed professions. He studied natural science at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Germany, but transferred to the University of Berlin in 1835 to study plants.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "611770", "score": "0.9353408", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "John Goodsir", "text": "and structure of cellular life and organisation. He concluded that all living organisms are formed of microscopic units, cells. Goodsir was not alone in postulating such a concept and the theory that cells form the basic structure of tissues in all plants and animals has been attributed to Matthius Schleiden and to Theodor Schwann. Goodsir posed and then answered the questions ‘What is a cell with its walls, contents, nucleus and nucleolus? How is a cell formed? How do cells multiply?’ The theory which he developed from these studies was original and won the extravagant praise of Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5044643", "score": "0.93209517", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Photosynthesis", "text": "plant. In 1778, Jan Ingenhousz, repeated Priestley's experiments. He discovered that it was the influence of sunlight on the plant that could cause it to revive a mouse in a matter of hours. In 1796, Jean Senebier, a Swiss pastor, botanist, and naturalist, demonstrated that green plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen under the influence of light. Soon afterward, Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure showed that the increase in mass of the plant as it grows could not be due only to uptake of CO but also to the incorporation of water. Thus, the basic reaction by which photosynthesis is used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "331522", "score": "0.9302498", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Alexander P. Anderson", "text": "1899. In 1901 he became the Curator of the Herbarium at Columbia University, which allowed him to do research at the New York Botanical Garden. He believed that a tiny speck of free water would be found in the nucleus of a starch crystal. To prove this, he tried an experiment in December 1901. He heated starch granules that were sealed in a glass tube until they showed signs of browning. Anderson theorized the water inside each grain would turn to steam. He suspected that a reaction within the starch would occur if he broke the tube and set the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17134659", "score": "0.9298499", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of botany", "text": "sap flow in woody tissue is upward. His results were published in \"Vegetable Staticks\" (1727) He also noted that \"air makes a very considerable part of the substance of vegetables\". English chemist Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) is noted for his discovery of oxygen (as now called) and its production by plants. Later Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799) observed that only in sunlight do the green parts of plants absorb air and release oxygen, this being more rapid in bright sunlight while, at night, the air (CO) is released from all parts. His results were published in \"Experiments upon vegetables\" (1779) and with this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13973525", "score": "0.92788374", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "March 18, 2005", "September 1, 2008", "2005" ]

[ { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "app. Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14, 2017. \"The Suite Life\" spawned a sequel series, also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody, called \"The Suite Life on Deck\", which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011. A TV movie based on both series, \"The Suite Life Movie\", premiered on Disney Channel on March 25, 2011. The show centers upon Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who live in the Tipton Hotel (parody of the Hilton Hotel) in Boston, where their mother, Carey, sings and performs in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828011", "score": "1.4036981", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Suite Life Goes Hollywood", "text": "The Suite Life Goes Hollywood \"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\" is an hour-long episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". It was presented in two parts and premiered on April 20, 2007, with two encores on April 21 and April 22. On a winter day when school is closed, Zack and Cody cause mischief in the hotel. Two failing screenwriters notice their antics and think it might make a good television show, so the boys, their mother, Maddie, London, and Mr. Moseby fly to Hollywood to consult with the writers and observe the pilot of the show, titled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9923315", "score": "1.3878877", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Suite Life Goes Hollywood", "text": "\"How Suite It Is\". They stay at the Tipton in Los Angeles, which is largely identical to the one in Boston, and they meet the cast of the show: Zack and Cody are portrayed by two young boys, Carey by a young lady, Maddie by a pretty girl who pretends to like her, London by a boy, and Moseby by a tall man who talks with street slang. The producers think that the twins playing Zack and Cody are too young, and it is decided that the real Zack and Cody should play themselves. This is something the twins see", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9923316", "score": "1.3869395", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)", "text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2, 2007. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20819585", "score": "1.3864356", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "begins with a shot of the Tipton Hotel's ground floor exterior, which then zooms to a window on what is presumed to be the 23rd Floor of the hotel (where Zack, Cody and Carey's suite is), which then displays clips from various episodes (which were updated for each season), with five clips featuring each cast member being shown after the computerized Tipton hotel exterior shoots from window to window. The sequence then closes with the show's title logo (a door plaque with the words \"The Suite Life\" with a piece of paper with the words \"of Zack and Cody\", made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828023", "score": "1.38168", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)", "text": "by Cody and eventually Maddie too. In the episode \"Let Us Entertain You\" the SS Tipton is first introduced when Zack and Cody get an offer to stay at the King Neptune suite if Carey accepts to sing at the cruise. This ship will be the new main setting in the \"Suite Life\" spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". In the series finale, we finally get to know why Muriel disappeared during seasons two and three: she had been retired for a few years. This season also includes an episode titled \"Lip Synchin' in the Rain\" that aired in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20820565", "score": "1.3643256", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Suite Life on Deck", "text": "had pitched an idea to the Disney Channel about continuing the \"Suite Life\" series. The show would see Zack and Cody return to the Tipton Hotel in Boston to live with their mother, and would become mentors to a boy who lived with his father at the hotel. Disney rejected the idea initially, but contacted the twins a year later with an edited concept that retained the boy and his father storyline, but Zack and Cody would move to a Miami hotel instead, Selena Gomez would also star and the twins would not get producer credits like they had requested.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11538920", "score": "1.3601496", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "program, while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, who becomes Zack and Cody's friend (and Cody's girlfriend) and London's friend and roommate. The series also introduces Doc Shaw as Marcus Little, a former superstar who lost his fame after his voice changed. While an attempted spin-off, \"Arwin!\", which was to star Selena Gomez and Brian Stepanek, was not picked up by Disney Channel, \"The Suite Life on Deck\" skipped the pilot process and went straight to the series. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production has begun for a Disney Channel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828025", "score": "1.3395534", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Suite Life on Deck", "text": "The Sprouses rejected the concept, leaving the project abandoned. \"The Suite Life on Deck\" premiered in Australia and New Zealand October 6, 2008. It is broadcast on Disney Channel and on NZ MediaWorks TV3 and FOUR. The Canadian Family Channel debuted the series October 13, 2008. VRAK.TV broadcast the series as \"La vie de croisière de Zack et Cody\" (\"The Cruise Life of Zack and Cody\") beginning August 27, 2009. The series also aired on Disney XD (Canada) beginning June 1, 2011. In Ireland, the series debuted on Disney XD September 4, 2010. Disney Channel broadcast the series in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11538921", "score": "1.3387208", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series was first broadcast on Disney Channel on March 18, 2005, with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel in 2005. It was one of their first five shows available on the iTunes Store. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award three times. The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "Turkey on December 30, 2009 by Disney DVD. and Greece on September 9, 2010 by Sony Pictures. According to Amazon.com, all three seasons of the show will be released, however no release dates have been announced. Episodes in the DVD \"Lip Syncin' in the Rain\" include a French Language dub for French Canadians Like many Disney Channel Original Series, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" had a number of novels based on episodes of the series, as well as original books. The following list of novels is based on information from the Barnes & Noble website and List of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828028", "score": "1.3310872", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "The Suite Life of Zack and Cody episodes. A inspired stories book set, based on the show was released in 2007. The series has spawned three video games entitled \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody: Tipton Caper\" for the Game Boy Advance, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody: Tipton Trouble\", and \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody: Circle of Spies\" for the Nintendo DS. They were developed by Artificial Mind and Movement and published by Buena Vista Games, with the exception of \"Circle of Spies,\" which was published by Disney Interactive Studios. Disney Press has released several", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828029", "score": "1.3306286", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)", "text": "London. This season features a special crossover episode titled \"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\" featuring characters from \"That's So Raven\" and \"Hannah Montana\". A one-hour special episode titled \"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\" is also apart of this season. The theme song is the same as in the first season with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes from season one with scenes from season two. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20819589", "score": "1.3290246", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Zack Martin (Suite Life)", "text": "combine them into a single personality, they try to escape. Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"Big", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17779586", "score": "1.3233392", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)", "text": "guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Victoria Justice as Rebecca, Julia Duffy as Martha Harrington and Jesse McCartney as himself. The show was originally ordered to series for a 21-episode first season. However, after the show premiered with good ratings establishing itself as Disney’s top series in key boy demographics, and only behind \"That’s So Raven\" in kids 2-11 and 6-11, the network decided to order five additional episodes to a total of 26 episodes for the first season. Set in Boston, the show focuses on the twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody (Cole Sprouse) who move", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19064785", "score": "1.3223829", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Zack Martin (Suite Life)", "text": "Zack Martin (Suite Life) Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) is a main character created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its sequel/spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Zack also appeared on cross-over episodes of other Disney Channel series, such as \"That's So Raven\", \"Wizards of Waverly Place\", \"Hannah Montana\", \"I'm in the Band\", \"So Random!\" and the special, \"\". Dylan's brother, Cole stated that the idea of twins living in a hotel was something they came up with shooting \"Big Daddy\" and staying in a hotel for four months. Sprouse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17779576", "score": "1.3192961", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "to look as if drawn by differently colored crayons, attached to it), which was accompanied by the Disney logo atop the title logo for the third season (all Disney Channel sitcoms made from 2007 onwards feature the Disney logo above the title logo). Starting with season two, the cast members and creators' names were displayed with a yellow glow around the text. \"The Suite Life on Deck\" is a sequel to \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", that debuted on Disney Channel on September 26, 2008, set on a cruise ship with Zack, Cody, and London attending a semester-at-sea", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828024", "score": "1.3176912", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dylan and Cole Sprouse", "text": "the media has termed them \"heartthrobs\" and \"overwhelming draws\" among preteen and teen audiences. The following year, the brothers launched a franchise known as the Sprouse Bros brand, which included a clothing line, book series and magazine. The majority of the Sprouses' franchise ended in 2008, except for their clothing line. \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" was retooled in 2008 as \"The Suite Life on Deck\", in which the brothers reprised their roles as Zack and Cody. \"The Suite Life on Deck\" went on to become the most-watched tween/children's television show in 2008 and 2009. The show ended", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4279410", "score": "1.3044094", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Suite Life Movie", "text": "to speak to him. Meanwhile, Zack asks Cody for his car, which their parents will give to Cody when he goes to college, but Cody refuses. However, after Zack runs a billion-dollar submarine into the seawall in an attempt to impress a cute science assistant, and Cody does the same trying to stop him, the equipment is lost and Cody is kicked out of the program and fired. Furious, Cody disowns Zack and vows to never forgive him, claiming they may be twins, but they definitely are not brothers. Elsewhere, London Tipton (Brenda Song) accidentally eats a fruit given to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14944349", "score": "1.3003838", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel. The series' other main characters include the Tipton hotel's ditzy heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song), the hotel's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale), the manager, Mr. Marion Moseby (Phill Lewis), and the boys' single mother who is also the Hotel's lounge singer, Carey Martin (Kim Rhodes). The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes, after \"That's So Raven\" and \"Kim Possible\". Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828010", "score": "1.2994031", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)", "text": "exterior shoots from window to window. The sequence then closes with the show's title logo (a door plaque with the words \"The Suite Life\" with a piece of paper with the words \"of Zack and Cody\", made to look as if drawn by differently colored crayons, attached to it), which was accompanied by the Disney logo atop the title logo for the third season (all Disney Channel sitcoms made from 2007 onwards feature the Disney logo above the title logo). Starting with season two, the cast members and creators' names were displayed with a yellow glow around the text. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19064789", "score": "1.298679", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Zack Martin (Suite Life)", "text": "said of Zack and Cody, \"The characters were originally based off our personalities. In fact, they were originally named Dylan and Cole.\" Zack was born at St. Joseph's Hospital in Seattle, Washington at 6:30 on a Saturday. The year of his birth is not clear. In \"The Suite Life on Deck\" episode, \"Das Boots\", it is said to be 1993. However, in the episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" titled \"Poor Little Rich Girl\", a baby video of he and his brother is date-stamped September 23, 1992. The twins attended Buckner Middle School during seasons 1 &", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17779577", "score": "1.2908745", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Suite Life on Deck", "text": "The Suite Life on Deck The Suite Life on Deck is an American sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26, 2008 to May 6, 2011. It is a sequel/spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". The series follows twin brothers Zack and Cody Martin and hotel heiress London Tipton in a new setting, the SS \"Tipton\", where they attend classes at \"Seven Seas High School\" and meet Bailey Pickett while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. The ship travels around the world to nations such as Italy, France, Greece, India, Sweden and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11538907", "score": "1.287031", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Suite Life Goes Hollywood", "text": "true stunt doubles have them removed from the set. Back at the taping, Cody becomes nervous and forgets his lines when he finds out how many people are in the audience. This annoys Zack, and the two start to fight, resulting in their mother taking them backstage to lecture them. During the lull in the taping, one of the crew people asks the audience if there are any talented people there. The Veronicas, who are in the audience come down to the stage and sing a song, which is well liked by the crew and audience, resulting in Zack and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9923318", "score": "1.2865216", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)", "text": "to the luxurious Tipton Hotel, when their mother Carey (Kim Rhodes) gets a job as a singer in the lounge. The hotel is managed by Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis), who has also taken care of the heiress of the Tipton empire her whole life, London Tipton (Brenda Song). The show also introduces Maddie (Ashley Tisdale), the teenage candy-counter girl at the Tipton Hotel, who despite being the complete opposite of London, ends up becoming her best friend. The show's theme song, \"Here I Am,\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19064786", "score": "1.2836776", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Suite Life Movie", "text": "who finally understand each other by telepathically discovering they wanted to be like each other all along. Mr. Moseby comes in with the police who arrest Ronald. Zack and Cody now understand that they make a \"pretty good team.\" Afterward, Cody and Bailey have reconciled and visited landmarks together and Zack is driving his car, which Cody finally agreed to let him have. On the dock, Zack parks the car in a shipping area and sees his friends and brother on the SS \"Tipton\". Unfortunately, the car is crushed by a shipping crate containing London's summer clothes. While Zack stares", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14944354", "score": "1.2732662", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana", "text": "\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" (\"Health and Fitness\", which was later aired in March 2007), and the Hannah Montana music video \"Who Said\". In New Zealand, the crossover premiered on January 27, 2007, however, the DVD did not release until over a year later in June 2008. That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana \"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\" is a crossover episode of the Disney Channel sitcoms \"That's So Raven\", \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", and \"Hannah Montana\". In the United States, it aired on July 28, 2006 as a three-part special and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12043070", "score": "1.272032", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody", "text": "hotel lounge. However, it also centers upon the hotel owner's teenage daughter, London Tipton (A parody of Paris Hilton), who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. The show is often set at the Tipton Hotel, but has other settings such as Zack and Cody's school, Cheevers High, and Maddie and London's private school, Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic. Zack and Cody often get", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4828012", "score": "1.2630707", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)", "text": "as Corrie, Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm, Gus Hoffman as Warren and Caroline Rhea as Ilsa. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Michael Clarke Duncan as Coach Little, Meaghan Jette Martin as Stacey, Mark Indelicato as Antonio, Kathy Najimy as Principal Milletidge, Kay Panabaker as Amber, Tony Hawk as himself, Jaden Smith as Travis, Drew Seeley as Geoffrey, Kelsey Chow as Dakota, Daniella Monet as Dana, Chris Brown as himself, The Cheetah Girls as themselves and Nicole Sullivan as Miss Klotz. In the season premiere, Cody graduates from Buckner Middle School, however Zack has to go to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20820562", "score": "1.2579342", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "The Suite Life on Deck", "text": "ever, we decided to find a new way for Zack, Cody, London, and Mr. Moseby to live 'The Suite Life' in a whole new setting – this time aboard a luxury cruise liner.\" The series original creator, Danny Kallis was announced to be involved with the project. The elements from the original series remain the same though the setting is completely different. In December 2008, it was reported that the Disney Channel had renewed the series for a thirteen episode second season. On May 11, 2009, Disney issued a press release stating that the second season had been extended to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11538912", "score": "1.257621", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "the summit of Cadillac Mountain" ]

[ { "title": "Sun path", "text": "in summer (May, June, July), the Sun rises in the northeast, peaks out slightly south of overhead point (lower in the south at higher latitude), and then sets in the northwest, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere in summer (November, December, January), the Sun rises in the southeast, peaks out slightly north of overhead point (lower in the north at higher latitude), and then sets in the southwest. A simple latitude-dependent equator-side overhang can easily be designed to block 100% of the direct solar gain from entering vertical equator-facing windows on the hottest days of the year. Roll-down exterior shade screens,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11392344", "score": "0.91907585", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Noon", "text": "the Sun contacts the observer's meridian, reaching its highest position above the horizon on that day (\"Sun transit time\"). This is also the origin of the terms \"ante meridiem\" (a.m.) and \"post meridiem\" (p.m.), as noted below. The Sun is directly overhead at solar noon at the Equator on the equinoxes, at the Tropic of Cancer (latitude N) on the June solstice and at the Tropic of Capricorn ( S) on the December solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere, north of the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun is due south of the observer at solar noon; in the Southern Hemisphere, south", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1669769", "score": "0.8850386", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Spring (season)", "text": "start on different dates in different regions. Thus, in the US and UK, spring months are March, April and May, while in New Zealand and Australia, spring conventionally begins on September 1 and ends November 30. Swedish meteorologists define the beginning of spring as the first occasion on which the average daytime temperature exceeds zero degrees Celsius for seven consecutive days, thus the date varies with latitude and elevation. In some cultures in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g. Germany), the astronomical vernal equinox (varying between 19 and 21 March) is taken to mark the first day of spring, and the summer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2108469", "score": "0.873458", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Sun path", "text": "summer shading, and the cost-effective use of solar trackers. Sun paths at any latitude and any time of the year can be determined from basic geometry. The Earth's axis of rotation tilts about 23.5 degrees, relative to the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun. As the Earth orbits the Sun, this creates the 47° declination difference between the solstice sun paths, as well as the hemisphere-specific difference between summer and winter. In the Northern Hemisphere, the winter sun (November, December, January) rises in the southeast, transits the celestial meridian at a low angle in the south (more than 43°", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11392342", "score": "0.87148875", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "TIMED", "text": "the Sun's effects on the atmosphere from other effects. The Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region of the atmosphere to be studied by TIMED is located between 60–180 km above the Earth's surface where energy from solar radiation is first deposited into the atmosphere. This can have profound effects on Earth's upper atmospheric regions, particularly during the peak of the Sun's 11-year solar cycle when the greatest amounts of its energy are being released. Understanding these interactions is also important for our understanding of various subjects in geophysics, meteorology, and atmospheric science, as solar radiation is one of the primary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4224517", "score": "0.86418736", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Season", "text": "to peek above the horizon for minutes per day at the end of February and each day it climbs higher and stays up longer; by 21 March, the sun is up for over 12 hours. On 6 April the sun rises at 0522 UTC and remains above the horizon until it sets below the horizon again on 6 September at 0335 UTC. By October 13 the sun is above the horizon for only 1 hour 30 minutes and on October 14 it does not rise above the horizon at all and remains below the horizon until it rises again on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13939579", "score": "0.86302626", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Climate of the United States", "text": "deliver significant to flooding rainfall amounts from the Dakotas/Nebraska eastward across Iowa/Minnesota to the Great Lakes states. From late summer into fall (mostly August to October), tropical cyclones (hurricanes, tropical storms and tropical depressions) sometimes approach or cross the Gulf and Atlantic states, bringing high winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges (often topped with battering waves) to coastal areas. The Southwest has a hot desert climate, at lower elevations. Cities like Phoenix, Las Vegas, Yuma, and Palm Springs have average highs over 100 °F (38 °C) during the summer months and lows in the 70s or even 80s. In winter,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11334041", "score": "0.85905933", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Time zone", "text": "winter and over three in summer. Kotzebue, Alaska, also near the same meridian but north of the Arctic Circle, has an annual event on August 9 to celebrate \"two\" sunsets in the same 24-hour day, one shortly after midnight at the start of the day, and the other shortly before midnight at the end of the day. Also, China extends as far west as 73°34′E, but all parts of it use (120°E), so solar \"noon\" can occur as late as 15:00 in western portions of China such as Xinjiang and Tibet. Many countries, and sometimes just certain regions of countries,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "432520", "score": "0.8574601", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Sundial", "text": "the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer) can actually receive sunlight for more than 12 hours from sunrise to sunset for a short period around the time of the summer solstice. For example, at latitude 20 degrees North, on June 21, the sun shines on a north-facing vertical wall for 13 hours, 21 minutes. Vertical sundials which do \"not\" face directly South (in the northern hemisphere) may receive significantly less than twelve hours of sunlight per day, depending on the direction they do face, and on the time of year. For example, a vertical dial that faces due East can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "813000", "score": "0.857237", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Cadillac Mountain", "text": "Driving or hiking to the summit of Cadillac Mountain to see \"the nation's first sunrise\" is a popular activity among visitors of Acadia National Park. However, Cadillac only sees the first sunrise in the fall and winter, when the sun rises south of due east. During most of the spring and summer, the sun rises first on Mars Hill, 150 miles (240 km) to the northeast. For a few weeks around the equinoxes, the sun rises first at West Quoddy Head in Lubec, Maine.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "International Date Line", "text": "first area would be anyplace within the Kamchatka Time Zone (UTC+12) that is far enough north to experience midnight sun on the given date. At the equinoxes, the first place to see daylight would be the uninhabited Millennium Island in Kiribati, which is the easternmost land located west of the IDL. Near the December solstice, the first places would be Antarctic research stations using New Zealand Time (UTC+13) during summer that experience midnight sun. These include Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, McMurdo Station, Scott Base and Mario Zucchelli Station. There are two ways time zones and thereby the location of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2119406", "score": "0.8563216", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Lahaina Noon", "text": "Lahaina Noon Lāhainā Noon is a tropical solar phenomenon when the Sun culminates at the zenith at solar noon, passing directly overhead (above the subsolar point). The term \"Lāhainā Noon\" was coined by the Bishop Museum in Hawaii and is only used locally. The subsolar point travels through the tropics. Hawaii is the only US state in the tropics and thus the only one to experience Lāhainā Noon. The rest of the states recognize the summer solstice as the event when the sun's rays are closest to directly overhead. Hawaii and other locations between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13568797", "score": "0.8562281", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Time in Massachusetts", "text": "into doing the same. Without daylight saving time, solar noon is about 11:53 in Western Massachusetts and 11:39 in Eastern Massachusetts. New England, which includes Massachusetts, is one of the few areas in the United States where solar noon is before noon. Both of these times get shifted later by one hour during daylight saving time but solar noon still falls before 1pm even on DST. Time in Massachusetts The state of Massachusetts currently uses the Eastern Time Zone with daylight saving time in use. In 2016, a committee in the state was formed to consider having Massachusetts adopt Atlantic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19987082", "score": "0.8548747", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Daylight saving time", "text": "three hours during the southern summer, and four hours a few weeks per year. Since 1996, European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. Moreover, the beginning and ending dates are roughly reversed between the northern and southern hemispheres because spring and autumn are displaced six months. For example, mainland Chile", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "579599", "score": "0.8535106", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sun path", "text": "in the Southern Hemisphere, where the peak summer solstice solar altitude occurs on December 21. On the equator, the sun will be straight overhead and a vertical stick will cast no shadow at solar noon on the equinoxes. On the vernal equinox, north of the subsolar point (on the equator) the vertical stick's shadow will point a little westwards of true north (NNW) reading 336.5° from true north and little eastwards of true south (SSE) reading 156.5° from true north. On the autumnal equinox, north of the subsolar point (on the equator), the shadow will point a little eastwards of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11392347", "score": "0.85194397", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sun path", "text": "interior translucent-or-opaque window quilts, drapes, shutters, movable trellises, etc. can be used for hourly, daily or seasonal sun and heat transfer control (without any active electrical air conditioning). Everywhere around the world during the equinoxes (March 20/21 and September 22/23) except for the poles, the sun rises due east and sets due west. In the Northern Hemisphere, the equinox sun peaks in the southern half (about halfway up from the horizon at mid latitude) of the sky, while in the Southern Hemisphere, that sun peaks in the northern half of the sky. When facing the equator, the sun appears to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11392345", "score": "0.8480873", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Daytime", "text": "tropics. From the March equinox to the September equinox, the Sun rises within 23.5° north of due east, and sets within 23.5° north of due west. From the September equinox to the March equinox, the Sun rises within 23.5° south of due east and sets within 23.5° south of due west. The Sun's path lies entirely in the northern half of the celestial sphere from the March equinox to the September equinox, but lies entirely in the southern half of the celestial sphere from the September equinox to the March equinox. On the equinoxes, the equatorial Sun culminates at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9962855", "score": "0.8476653", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Midnight sun", "text": "Midnight sun The midnight sun is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the sun remains visible at the local midnight. Around the summer solstice (approximately 21 June in the Northern Hemisphere and 22 December in the Southern Hemisphere), the sun is visible for the full 24 hours, given fair weather. The number of days per year with potential midnight sun increases the closer towards either pole one goes. Although approximately defined by the polar circles, in practice the midnight sun can be seen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2048058", "score": "0.846505", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Apsis", "text": "23.4 degrees away from perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun. Winter falls on the hemisphere where sunlight strikes least directly, and summer falls where sunlight strikes most directly, regardless of the Earth's distance from the Sun. In the northern hemisphere, summer occurs at the same time as aphelion. Despite this, there are larger land masses in the northern hemisphere, which are easier to heat than the seas. Consequently, summers are warmer in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere under similar conditions. Astronomers commonly express the timing of perihelion relative to the vernal equinox not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "894633", "score": "0.8462642", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Summer solstice", "text": "(especially Europe), the summer solstice is seen as the middle of summer and referred to as \"midsummer\". Today, however, in some countries and calendars it is seen as the beginning of summer. Although the summer solstice is the longest day of the year for that hemisphere, the dates of earliest sunrise and latest sunset vary by a few days. This is because the earth orbits the sun in an ellipse, and its orbital speed varies slightly during the year. See the Equation of time for details. Although the sun appears at its highest altitude from the viewpoint of an observer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10449795", "score": "0.8452688", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Daytime", "text": "days. At middle latitudes, far from both the Equator and the poles, variations in the length of daytime are moderate. In the higher middle latitudes where Montreal, Paris and Ushuaia are located, the difference in the length of the day from summer to winter can be very noticeable: the sky may still be lit at 10 pm in summer, but may be dark at 5 pm in winter. In the lower middle latitudes where Southern California, Egypt and South Africa are located, the seasonal difference is smaller, but still results in approximately 4 hours difference in daylight between the winter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9962863", "score": "0.8448343", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sun path", "text": "= 0°) and solar time noon shadows point NNW north of the equator and SSE south of the equator on the vernal equinox (and point NNE north of the equator and SSW south of the equator on the autumnal equinox). Within the polar circles (north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle), each year will experience at least one day when the Sun remains below the horizon for 24 hours (on the winter solstice), and at least one day when the Sun remains above the horizon for 24 hours (on the summer solstice). In the middle latitudes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11392350", "score": "0.84417987", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Midnight sun", "text": "July. This period extends as one travels north: At Cape Nordkinn, Norway, the northernmost point of Continental Europe, the midnight sun lasts approximately from 14 May to 29 July. On the Svalbard archipelago farther north, it lasts from 20 April to 22 August. Midnight sun The midnight sun is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the sun remains visible at the local midnight. Around the summer solstice (approximately 21 June in the Northern Hemisphere and 22 December in the Southern Hemisphere), the sun", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2048069", "score": "0.8423289", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Summer", "text": "Day one week prior (although summer conditions vary widely across Canada's expansive territory) and ends, as in the United States, on Labour Day. In Chinese astronomy, summer starts on or around 5 May, with the \"jiéqì\" (solar term) known as lìxià (立夏), i.e. \"establishment of summer\", and it ends on or around 6 August. In southern and southeast Asia, where the monsoon occurs, summer is more generally defined as lasting from March, April, May and June, the warmest time of the year, ending with the onset of the monsoon rains. Because the temperature lag is shorter in the oceanic temperate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "398659", "score": "0.8419751", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Passive solar building design", "text": "solar noon will oscillate from north to south and back again during the year. In regions closer than 23.5 degrees from either north-or-south pole, during summer the sun will trace a complete circle in the sky without setting whilst it will never appear above the horizon six months later, during the height of winter. The 47-degree difference in the altitude of the sun at solar noon between winter and summer forms the basis of passive solar design. This information is combined with local climatic data (degree day) heating and cooling requirements to determine at what time of the year solar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "761693", "score": "0.8405759", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Daytime", "text": "dark days during which the sun never seems to rise are only seen beyond 72° north or south latitude. At and near the poles, the Sun never rises very high above the horizon, even in summer, which is one of reasons why these regions of the world are consistently cold in all seasons (others include the effect of albedo, the relative increased reflection of solar radiation of snow and ice). Even at the summer solstice, when the Sun reaches its highest point above the horizon at noon, it is still only 23.5° above the horizon at the poles. Additionally, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9962861", "score": "0.8370923", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Exploding Sun", "text": "of the first one as it drops into the Sun. The Sun cools down and the Earth is saved from destruction. The film was first shown by Swedish Kanal 5 in a 116-minute version on February 8, 2013. It was first shown in the US by Reelz on September 9, 2013. Exploding Sun was dubbed into Spanish for the first time on January 12, 2014 by UniMás. In addition to the 176 minute version, a 120-minute version of the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in USA on October 15, 2013. \"Exploding Sun\" was panned by critics and audiences.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17088878", "score": "0.83376753", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Summer solstice", "text": "Summer solstice The summer solstice (or estival solstice), also known as midsummer, occurs when one of the Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun. It happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the summer solstice is when the Sun reaches its highest position in the sky and is the day with the longest period of daylight. At the pole, there is continuous daylight around the summer solstice. On the summer solstice, Earth's maximum axial tilt toward the Sun is 23.44°. Likewise, the Sun's declination from the celestial equator is 23.44°. The summer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10449793", "score": "0.8337289", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Spherical Earth", "text": "show that the sun sets at about the same time when using the local time zone. But a phone call from Richmond to San Francisco at sunset will reveal that there are still three hours of daylight left in California. On a flat Earth with an omnidirectional Sun, all places would experience the same amount of daylight every day, and all places would get daylight at the same time. Actual day length varies considerably, with places closer to the poles getting very long days in the summer and very short days in the winter, with northerly summer happening at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1777727", "score": "0.8321954", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sun path", "text": "(between the tropics and the polar circles, where most humans live), the length of daytime, as well as solar altitude and azimuth, vary from one day to the next, and from season to season. The difference between the lengths of a long summer day and of a short winter day increases as one moves farther away from the Equator. Before the days of modern, inexpensive, 3D computer graphics, a heliodon (precisely-movable light source) was used to show the angle of the sun on a physical model of a proposed building. Today, mathematical computer models calculate location-specific solar gain (shading) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11392351", "score": "0.8319424", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Hungary" ]

[ { "title": "Flag of Friesland", "text": "the provincial government in 1927. Flag of Friesland The Flag of the province of Friesland or Frisian flag (West Frisian: \"Fryske Flagge\"; ), is the official flag of the Dutch province of Friesland. It consists of four blue and three white diagonal stripes; in the white stripes are a total of seven red \"pompeblêden\", leaves of the yellow water-lily, that may remind one of hearts, but according to the official instructions \"should not be heart-shaped\". The jerseys of the football club SC Heerenveen and the Blauhúster Dakkapel are modeled after this flag. The seven red seeblatts (or \"pompeblêden\", as they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10933695", "score": "1.0400908", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Flag of Friesland", "text": "Flag of Friesland The Flag of the province of Friesland or Frisian flag (West Frisian: \"Fryske Flagge\"; ), is the official flag of the Dutch province of Friesland. It consists of four blue and three white diagonal stripes; in the white stripes are a total of seven red \"pompeblêden\", leaves of the yellow water-lily, that may remind one of hearts, but according to the official instructions \"should not be heart-shaped\". The jerseys of the football club SC Heerenveen and the Blauhúster Dakkapel are modeled after this flag. The seven red seeblatts (or \"pompeblêden\", as they are called in West Frisian)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10933692", "score": "1.0336909", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Flag of Myanmar", "text": "The new flag is a horizontal tricolour flag of yellow, green and red charged with a five-pointed white star in the middle of the field. The yellow represents solidarity; the green symbolizes peace, tranquility and lush greenery; the red represents courage and determination; and the white star stands for the significance of the union of the country. Green, yellow, and red are also considered the Pan-African colours, leading commentators to note that the new flag looked distinctly \"African\" and even that it was being confused for the flag of an African country. Flag of Myanmar The current flag of Myanmar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2577460", "score": "1.0327238", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Northern Ireland", "text": "in some areas are painted red-white-blue or green-white-orange, depending on whether local people express unionist/loyalist or nationalist/republican sympathies. The official flag is that of the state having sovereignty over the territory, i.e. the Union Flag. The former Northern Ireland flag, also known as the \"Ulster Banner\" or \"Red Hand Flag\", is a banner derived from the coat of arms of the Government of Northern Ireland until 1972. Since 1972, it has had no official status. The Union Flag and the Ulster Banner are used exclusively by unionists. UK flags policy states that in Northern Ireland, \"The Ulster flag and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "291321", "score": "1.0231779", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Flag of Wiltshire", "text": "including the alternating stripes of green and white that represent the grassy downs of the county and their chalk underlay. The colours can represent hope, joy and safety (green) and peace (white). Although distinct, the complicated and irregular design has been met with some criticism by flag designers and heraldists. An image of the great bustard (\"Otis tarda\") stands at the centre of the flag. This bird had been extinct in England since 1832, but is now part of an intensive ten-year breeding programme on Salisbury Plain. Salisbury Plain, at the heart of the county, is one of only two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9850087", "score": "1.0164034", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Flag of Myanmar", "text": "on 10 November 2006 during a constitutional convention. The new flag would have consisted of three equally sized green, yellow, and red horizontal stripes, with a white star in the hoist end of the green stripe. In September 2007 another new design was proposed, this time with a larger white star in the middle and with the stripes in a different order, namely: yellow, green, red. That same order was used in the flag of the State of Burma during the Japanese occupation of Burma, which featured a green peacock in the centre. The proposal was a fusion of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2577458", "score": "1.0151625", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Flag of Eritrea", "text": "green. The yellow star in the red triangle symbolised the country's rich mineral resources. After Eritrea was proclaimed an independent nation, the flag was modified and its first official hoisting was performed on May 24, 1993. In the red triangle, a gold wreath symbol with 14 leaves on each side, derived from the 1952 flag, replaced the gold star of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front's flag. In 1995 the number of leaves in the wreath were standardised. The 30 leaves symbolise the number of years spent in civil war before achieving independence. The flag's length to breadth ratio was changed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2615046", "score": "1.012914", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Flag of Maastricht", "text": "old flag was reinstated in 1994. In 1438 the flag of Maastricht is described as being as a five-pointed star on a red field, with the first historic image dating from 1545. The mentioned image was published in the \"Wappenbuch von Meister IK\"-book in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. However, in 1549, the flag is stated as being \"yellow-white-red\". In 1647, the white-star-on-red design had apparently returned when the Peace of Münster treaty was signed. The next known design is the white-red (with the upper part of the flag being white, and the lower part being red) design similar to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12857234", "score": "1.0086567", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Flag of Seychelles", "text": "sky and the sea that surrounds the Seychelles. Yellow is for the sun which gives light and life, red symbolizes the people and their determination to work for the future in unity and love, while the white band represents social justice and harmony. The green depicts the land and natural environment. The original flag was adopted after independence on June 29, 1976. It had alternating blue and red triangles. Coincidentally the flag was almost identical to the Australian United Steam Navigation Company's flag. In 1977, when president James Mancham was overthrown by France-Albert René, the old flag was abolished and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2615834", "score": "1.0054514", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Flag of Hungary", "text": "The flag of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország zászlaja) is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and green. In this exact form, it has been the official flag of Hungary since May 23, 1957. The flag's form originates from national republican movements of the 18th and 19th centuries, while its colours are from the Middle Ages. The current Hungarian tricolour flag is the same as the republican movement flag of the United Kingdom (used since 1816).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Flag of Ontario", "text": "the Canadian Red Ensign, which had been the \"de facto\" national flag of Canada since 1867. The flag is a red field with the Royal Union Flag in the canton and the Ontario shield of arms in the fly. The coat of arms of Ontario had been previously granted by Royal Warrant of Queen Victoria in 1868. It features a green field with three gold maple leaves and above it, a white band with a red St. George's cross. The specifications of the flag are 1:2. The shade of red in the flag is specified as \"British Admiralty Colour Code", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2350077", "score": "1.0011221", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia", "text": "Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia The flag of Karachay–Cherkessia, a federal subject and republic in the Russian Federation, was adopted on 26 July 1996. The flag consists of three equally sized bars, from top to bottom in the colours light blue, green, and red. Blue symbolizes peace, kind motives and quiet. Green represents nature, fertility and wealth. Red is for the warmth and unity of the people of Karachay–Cherkessia. In the center of the green bar is a white circle containing the sun rising from behind a mountain, representing the landscape of the republic. A similar symbol is found in the Flag", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13671422", "score": "1.0002508", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cross-border flag for Ireland", "text": "of Surgeons in Ireland and the Commissioners of Irish Lights. The tricolour of green, white and orange, the official flag of the state of Ireland, is considered by Irish nationalists, to represent the entire island as well. Gerry Adams said in Dáil Éireann in 2011: However, this symbolism is rejected by Ulster unionists, as illustrated by an exchange in the House of Commons of Northern Ireland in 1951: The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) flies this flag at matches regardless of whether either or both teams are from Northern Ireland. It is also used for the Ireland international rules football team,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12638662", "score": "0.99941564", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland", "text": "former subject territories of the confederacy, also used in the flags of the cantons of St. Gallen and Thurgau, and a green flag was also briefly used by Aargau. The lettering in the Vaudois flag was in black or in green during 1803–1819, the gold was introduced with the military flag as Vaud organised its army in 1819. As such, it violates the heraldic rule of tincture which states that gold (or yellow) may not be placed upon silver (or white). The Bishop of Sion used a vertically divided red-and-white war flag from ca. 1220. The coat of arms of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3259176", "score": "0.999238", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Flag of Lebanon", "text": "Lebanese geography and therefore, the first red represents the Mount Lebanon and the second red represents the Anti-Lebanon mountains and the white represents the Beqaa Valley, which is situated in the middle of the two mountain ranges on the map of Lebanon. And the green cedar (Lebanon Cedar) in the middle of the white part touches each of the red stripes is added because Lebanon is sometimes metonymically referred to as the Land of the Cedars. The Austrian flag is the second oldest in the world, dating to the 13th century when it first probably appeared after the Siege of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2615306", "score": "0.998669", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Flag of Bangladesh", "text": "white field. The flag is based on a similar flag used during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, which had a yellow map of the country inside the red disc. In 1972 this map was removed from the flag. One reason given was the difficulty for rendering the map correctly on both sides of the flag. The civil ensign and naval ensign place it in the canton of a red or white field, respectively. The first version of the flag was designed and made by a section of student leaders and activists of Swadheen Bangla Nucleus on 6 June 1970,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2483588", "score": "0.99590695", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue", "text": "canvas painting measures 274 by 603 cm. It belongs to the collection of the Nationalgalerie in Berlin, who bought it in 1982 from Newman's widow for 2.7 million Deutschmark / 1 million US dollar, partially with funds raised by the public. It was attacked on April 13, 1982, days before it would be presented to the public, by Josef Nikolaus Kleer, a 29-year-old student who claimed that the picture was a \"perversion of the German flag\" (the painting has vertical bands of red, yellow and blue, while the German flag has horizontal stripes in black, red and yellow), and that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17230515", "score": "0.9957956", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hatillo, Puerto Rico", "text": "Los Conservadores MEANING The Conservatives) head themselves to the center of the town for a parade and an award ceremony for best outfit, best sound, best \"carroza\" and others. With the occasional friendly wrestling with opposing groups. Rules are first man pinned or dog pile as well everyone must drink to show the opposing team respect and new found camaraderie. White 76% Black Hispanic 25% Taino 6% Asian or Pacific Islander0.02% The flag consists of three broad stripes - Blue, Yellow and Green. Blue represents the sea, yellow represents the material and artistic wealth of the town, and green represents", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3127904", "score": "0.99496716", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Flag of Togo", "text": "Flag of Togo The flag of Togo is the national flag, ensign, and naval jack of Togo. It has five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow. There is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner. It uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia, but the design resembles the flag of Liberia which itself echoes the flag of the United States. The flag was designed by artist Paul Ahyi and approximates a golden rectangle closely. Ahyi (January 15, 1930 – January 4, 2010) was regarded as among the greatest of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2615948", "score": "0.99486625", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Flag of Georgia (country)", "text": "Georgian flag. The white flag with the single red St. George's cross was supposedly used by King Vakhtang I in the 5th century. According to tradition, Queen Tamar (d. 1213) used a flag with a dark red cross and a star in a white field. In the 1367 map by Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano, the flag of \"Tifilis\" (Tbilisi) is shown as a Jerusalem cross (a large cross with smaller crosses in each quarter). According to D. Kldiashvili (1997), the Jerusalem cross might have been adopted during the reign of King George V. After the collapse of the Kingdom of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2529649", "score": "0.99472725", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Flag of Indonesia", "text": "bore an image of white twin swords called \"piso gaja dompak\" against a red background. During the Aceh War of 1873-1904, Aceh warriors used a battle flag with the image of a sword, star and crescent, sun, and some Quranic script in white on a red background. The red and white flag of the Buginese Bone kingdom in South Sulawesi is called \"Woromporang\". The Balinese Badung (Puri Pamecutan) royal banner is red, white, and black, probably of Majapahit origin. During the Java War (1825–1830) Prince Diponegoro also used a red and white banner. In the early 20th century these colours", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "849788", "score": "0.9935581", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Flag of Armavir", "text": "Flag of Armavir The Flag of Armavir is the official symbol of Armavir, Russia. It is a red rectangular cloth with the width to length ratio of 2:3. It is divided into four stripes: three horizontal stripes with equal width (two red ones and between them a blue stripe) and a blue stripe along the pole with the 1/5 of the cloth's length. The red and blue stripes on the cloth are disjointed by white outlines. A yellow sunflower with orange petals is reproduced in the middle of the blue vertical stripe. There is also a white image of caduceus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9678706", "score": "0.99294734", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Flag of Mauritania", "text": "Flag of Mauritania The flag of Mauritania is a green field containing a gold star and crescent, with a red stripe at the top and bottom of the field. The original national flag was introduced under the instructions of President Moktar Ould Daddah and the constitution of 22 March 1959 and was adopted on 1 April 1959. On 5 August 2017, a referendum was held by President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz to change the national flag, abolish the senate, and other constitutional amendments. The referendum was successful, and the new flag, including two red stripes, which represent \"the efforts and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2478192", "score": "0.9928999", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Flag of Djibouti", "text": "Djibouti was raised for the first time upon independence on 27 June 1977, by the head of police Yacine Yabeh Galab. It is today flown on many governmental buildings. The flag of Djibouti features two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and green, with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. The triangle bears a red star in its centre, which represents unity and blood. Each colour symbolizes something different; namely, the earth (green), the sea and sky (light blue), peace (white), and unity (red). The light blue represents the Sky, and the green represents the everlasting green", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "960179", "score": "0.99273825", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Genoa", "text": "Company and Costa Cruises. The flag of Genoa is a St. George's Cross, a red cross on a white field; the flag of England comes from the flag of Genoa, as remarked by the Duke of Kent in 1992: \"The St. George's flag, a red cross on a white field, was adopted by England and the City of London in 1190 for their ships entering the Mediterranean to benefit from the protection of the Genoese fleet. The English Monarch paid an annual tribute to the Doge of Genoa for this privilege.\" The patron saint of Genoa was Saint Lawrence until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18927693", "score": "0.9924796", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Flag of New Zealand", "text": "services of the New Zealand Defence Force have their own flags. A few local authorities have commissioned their own flags, such as the flag of Otago. Flag of New Zealand The flag of New Zealand, also known as the New Zealand Ensign, is a defaced Blue Ensign: a blue field with the Union Flag in the canton, and four red stars with white borders to the right. The stars' pattern represents the asterism within the constellation of Crux Australis, the Southern Cross. New Zealand's first flag, the flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand, was adopted in 1834, six", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1922045", "score": "0.9912048", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Flag of Switzerland", "text": "The club burgee of the Midland Sailing Club is the same design as the Swiss flag, apparently as the founder members thought that the club being based inland would be like the 'Swiss navy'. Flag of Switzerland The flag of Switzerland displays a white cross in the centre of a square red field. The white cross is known as the Swiss cross (, , , ). Its arms are equilateral, and their ratio of length to width is 7:6. The size of the cross in relation to the field was set in 2017 as 5:8. The white cross has been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2120979", "score": "0.9910674", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Royal flags of Thailand", "text": "shirts as an informal homage to their king, especially on Mondays, the day of his birth. The Queen Dowager's flag is in blue, the color of Friday, the day of her birth. Unlike the flag of the king, her flag has always the same symbol in the middle. The symbol is her acronym, the white letter intertwined with the dark blue letter, below a yellow or golden royal crown, sometimes with a pink scroll with Thai writing underneath. In simplified versions of the flag this symbol may come simply outlined in white on the blue ground. This flag is mostly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12604395", "score": "0.990679", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Act on National Flag and Anthem", "text": "set down in the Prime Minister's Proclamation No. 57 of 1870, which stipulated that the flag have a seven-to-ten (7:10) ratio, with the red disc off-center by one-hundredth of the flag's length toward the side of the hoist. The background of the flag is white, and the disc red, but the exact color shades were not defined in the 1999 law. Further explanations from the government merely stated that the red color is a deep shade. Specifications published by the Ministry of Defense in 2008 defined the shades of red for the flag. During deliberations in the Diet about this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4099621", "score": "0.988968", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Flag of Eswatini", "text": "College of Arms in London registered the flag on 30 October 1967. The first official hoisting of the flag was conducted on this day. The flag is rectangular with length and breadth in a ratio of 3:2 respectively. The red stands for past battles, the blue for peace and stability, and the yellow for the resources of Swaziland. The central focus of the flag is a Nguni shield and two spears, symbolizing protection from the country's enemies. Its colour is meant to show that white and black people live in peaceful coexistence in Swaziland. The flag has five horizontal stripes—two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2615901", "score": "0.98818266", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Jules Shear" ]

[ { "title": "The Heart Wants What It Wants", "text": "written by Selena Gomez, Antonina Armato, David Jost and Tim James. It is a midtempo pop and R&B song, that contains a minimal electropop beat complete with finger snaps, ominous synths and haunting groans. Several critics noted the reminiscence of the song to the works by singers Lorde and Lana Del Rey. Lyrically, Gomez details being in love with a bad boy despite knowing he may not be a stand-up guy. She sings, \"The bed's getting cold and you're not here / The future that we hold is so unclear / But I'm not alive until you call / And", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18383271", "score": "0.95917976", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "You Oughta Know", "text": "intelligent and ready to take a chance on doing something that might have no commercial application. Although there was some question about what she wanted to do musically, she knew what she didn't want to do, which was anything that wasn't authentic and from her heart.\" \"You Oughta Know\" was co-written by Morissette and Ballard. Morissette stated that she wrote the song from her \"subconscious\": \"I wasn't aware of what was coming out of me. I'd go into the booth when the ink wasn't even dry and sing. I'd listen the next day and not really remember it.\" Los Angeles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2581267", "score": "0.9401604", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Brenda Ueland", "text": "Want to Write: a Book about Art, Independence and Spirit\", first published in 1938. In this book, she shares her philosophies on writing and life in general. She stresses the idea that \"Everyone is talented, original, and has something important to say.\" Drawing heavily on the work and influence of William Blake, she suggests that writers should \"Try to discover your true, honest, un-theoretical self.\" She sums up her book with 12 points to keep in mind while writing. Carl Sandburg called \"If You Want to Write\" \"the best book ever written on how to write.\" It was republished in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7684801", "score": "0.93031013", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "They Knew What They Wanted (film)", "text": "They Knew What They Wanted (film) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1940 film directed by Garson Kanin, written by Robert Ardrey, and starring Carole Lombard, Charles Laughton and William Gargan. It is based on the 1924 Pulitzer Prize winning play \"They Knew What They Wanted\" by Sidney Howard. For his performance Gargan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. When visiting San Francisco, Tony Patucci, an ageing illiterate winegrower from the Napa Valley, sees waitress Amy Peters and falls in love. Returning home, he persuades his foreman Joe, an incorrigible womanizer, to write her a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4395755", "score": "0.91319215", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "I Wish Someone Were Waiting for Me Somewhere", "text": "million copies in her native France and winning the 2000 Grand prix RTL-Lire. \"Her books have both wit and a whimsical charm\" (\"The Sunday Telegraph\"). I Wish Someone Were Waiting for Me Somewhere I Wish Someone Were Waiting for Me Somewhere (French: \"Je voudrais que quelqu'un m'attende quelque part\") is a collection of twelve short stories written by Anna Gavalda. It was written in French and published in 1999. It is the first book published by Anna Gavalda and it was awarded the Prix Contrepoint in 2001. \"I Wish Someone Were Waiting for Me Somewhere\" was first published in 1999", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17849659", "score": "0.8921025", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Layne Staley: Angry Chair", "text": "also talked with Layne when I was contacted by her, and let him know of her intentions to write a book about him. He let me know that he wanted no part of it. He said that he did not trust journalists, and that they had never been honest in his experience. He also said for me to tell her, and I quote, “Tell her if she wants to write a book about someone, she should write it about herself.” Anyone who knew Layne would know that would be something he would say. When I heard that Adriana claimed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11770482", "score": "0.89150786", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "To All the Boys I've Loved Before", "text": "with her feelings, Lara Jean writes a long postscript to a letter she wrote when she was fourteen, after Josh asked Margot out instead of her. Peter Kavinsky, one of the guys Lara Jean wrote a letter to, approaches her and tells her he does not have any sort of attraction to her. Lara Jean is confused, but realizes that he is referring to a letter she wrote him years ago after he received it in the mail. Horrified, she tells him she wrote it a long time ago. Lara Jean recounts what prompted her to write the letter: when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14270912", "score": "0.88948756", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "What She Wants", "text": "What She Wants \"What She Wants\" is a song written by Renee Armand and Kerry Chater and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from the compilation album, \"The Best of Michael Martin Murphey\". The song peaked at number 8 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and at number 6 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. A music video was released to promote the song and it stars Murphey and his wife Mary. The video, directed by David Hogan, is designed to call", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15681701", "score": "0.8850512", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Brenda Ueland", "text": "Brenda Ueland Brenda Ueland (October 24, 1891 – March 5, 1985) was a journalist, editor, freelance writer, and teacher of writing. She is best known for her book \"If You Want to Write: A Book about Art, Independence and Spirit\". Brenda was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota to Andreas and Clara Hampson Ueland. She was the third of seven children. She attended Wells and Barnard colleges and received her baccalaureate from Barnard in 1913. She lived in and around New York City for much of her adult life before returning to Minnesota in 1930. Brenda was raised in a relatively progressive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7684798", "score": "0.88436145", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "If She Knew What She Wants", "text": "\"If She Knew What She Wants\" is a song by Jules Shear released on his 1985 album The Eternal Return. The song was recorded a year later by The Bangles for their 1986 album, Different Light.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "They Knew What They Wanted (play)", "text": "They Knew What They Wanted (play) They Knew What They Wanted is a 1924 play written by Sidney Howard. The play premiered on Broadway in 1924 and had three Broadway revivals, as well as a London production. \"They Knew What They Wanted\" tells the story of Tony, an aging Italian winegrower in the California Napa Valley, who proposes by letter to Amy, a San Francisco waitress who waited on him once. Fearing that she will find him too old and ugly, Tony sends her a photograph of Joe, his young hired hand, instead of himself. When Amy comes to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11786952", "score": "0.8825382", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Heart Wants What It Wants", "text": "The Heart Wants What It Wants \"The Heart Wants What It Wants\" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez. It was released on November 6, 2014, through Hollywood Records, as the lead and only single from her compilation album \"For You\" (2014). The song was written by Gomez, Antonina Armato, David Jost and Tim James. Armato and James, who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia, also produced the song. A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat, its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6, 2014, alongside the premiere of the song itself. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18383268", "score": "0.880407", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Music of the Sun", "text": "and produced the second single released from the album, \"If It's Lovin' that You Want\", which Rihanna described as a \"fun song\". A R&B song, \"If It's Lovin' that You Want\" is a song about a girl telling a boy that he should make her his girl, because she has what the boy wants. A remix of the song, entitled \"If It's Lovin' That You Want – Part 2\", which features rap by Cory Gunz, was included as a bonus track on Rihanna's sophomore studio album, \"A Girl like Me\" (2006). Alongside Rogers and Sturken, StarGate co-wrote and co-produced \"Let", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5932672", "score": "0.8772211", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Layne Staley", "text": "her at length. I also talked with Layne when I was contacted by her, and let him know of her intentions to write a book about him. He let me know that he wanted no part of it. He said that he did not trust journalists, and that they had never been honest in his experience. He also said for me to tell her, and I quote, \"Tell her if she wants to write a book about someone, she should write it about herself.\" Anyone who knew Layne would know that would be something he would say. When I heard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1706042", "score": "0.8757924", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "What a Girl Wants (Christina Aguilera song)", "text": "that she would become the next pop phenomenon. Shelly Peiken was the writer behind \"What a Girl Wants\". One day the pair were working with a cassette tape, experimenting with vocals and hooks, after which she decided that the work-in-progress had potential and she would return to it at a later date. \"What a Girl Wants\" was the first track recorded for \"Christina Aguilera\" in June 1998. Fair liked the song and after the decision was made to release it as the second single the label called for a second recording of the track, changing the original key in addition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5786884", "score": "0.87571764", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Why We Can't Wait", "text": "did editor Hermine I. Popper. Rustin said: \"I don't want to write something for somebody where I know he is acting like a puppet. I want to be a real ghost and write what the person wants to say. And that is what I always knew was true in the case of Martin. I would never write anything that wasn't what he wanted to say. I understood him well enough.\" The book largely reproduces the text of \"Letter from Birmingham Jail\", with some editorial changes. King writes in a footnote: \"Although the text remains in substance unaltered, I have indulged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12295957", "score": "0.8752432", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "What She Wants", "text": "attention to the growing plight of runaway children. What She Wants \"What She Wants\" is a song written by Renee Armand and Kerry Chater and recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from the compilation album, \"The Best of Michael Martin Murphey\". The song peaked at number 8 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and at number 6 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. A music video was released to promote the song and it stars Murphey and his wife Mary. The video,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15681702", "score": "0.8714912", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "I Know What You Want", "text": "graphic novel. A brief animated sequence drawn from the graphic novel is featured. The video premiered on BET Access Granted on April 17, 2003 Canadian CD single European CD single Australian/European CD maxi-single UK CD maxi-single I Know What You Want \"I Know What You Want\" is a song written by rapper Busta Rhymes, and produced by Rick Rock for Rhymes' eighth album \"It Ain't Safe No More...\" (2002). The song is a duet with American singer Mariah Carey, and was co-written by Rah Digga, Rampage, Rick Rock and Spliff Star. It also includes a rap from Rhymes' group, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5002754", "score": "0.8681348", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Heart Wants What It Wants", "text": "She commented that the use of wings was \"pretty empowering.\" After her presentation at the American Music Awards, the song went to number one on the Billboard Twitter Real-Time, position it had occupied in its release. Recording and management Personnel Credits adapted from \"For You\" liner notes. The Heart Wants What It Wants \"The Heart Wants What It Wants\" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez. It was released on November 6, 2014, through Hollywood Records, as the lead and only single from her compilation album \"For You\" (2014). The song was written by Gomez, Antonina Armato, David Jost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18383281", "score": "0.85820913", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "21 Things I Want in a Lover", "text": "than a holiday suitcase.\" Kimberly Reyes of \"Time\" panned its lyrics, claiming that they \"could easily double as boy trouble letters sent to Seventeen [magazine].\" Rob Mitchum of \"Pitchfork Media\" wrote that the lyrics about what she's looking for in a man is \"a move that could come off as self-indulgent, but in a personality as luminescent as Ms. Morissette, is nothing short of entrancing.\" Jennifer Vineyard of \"MTV News\" called it a \"textured Jagged [Little Pill]-esque tune,\" but noted that its lyrics contain \"stream-of-consciousness.\" \"21 Things I Want in a Lover\" was released to radio and television as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10026772", "score": "0.85724413", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sharon Olds", "text": "as Galway Kinnell, Muriel Rukeyser and Gwendolyn Brooks than by confessional poets like Anne Sexton or Sylvia Plath. Plath, she comments \"was a great genius, with an IQ of at least double mine\" and while these women charted well the way of women in the world she says \"their steps were not steps I wanted to put my feet in.\" When Olds first sent her poetry to a literary magazine she received a reply saying,\"This is a literary magazine. If you wish to write about this sort of subject, may we suggest the \"Ladies' Home Journal\". The true subjects of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4500927", "score": "0.8553882", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Heart Wants What It Wants", "text": "I'll bet the odds against it all... / There's a million reasons why I should give you up / But the heart wants what it wants.\" The title is from a letter by Emily Dickinson. The saying was popularized in 2001 when it was quoted by Woody Allen in an interview about his relationship with Soon-Yi Previn. Lucas Villa of \"AXS\" favorably compared \"The Heart Wants What it Wants\" to the music of Lana Del Rey for Gomez's use of \"trip hop beats, guitar and distorted Emile Haynie-styled yelps\" alongside her \"darkest\" lyrics yet. He further wrote that the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18383272", "score": "0.85267854", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "I Want to Know What Love Is", "text": "a previously unrecorded bridge between the second and third choruses, specifically written for Tina Arena by Mick Jones. The song peaked at number 13 in France and finished 60th on the end-of-year chart of 1999. \"I Want to Know What Love Is\" was covered by American country singer Wynonna Judd and her recording was released on August 24, 2004 from her album \"What the World Needs Now Is Love\" as fourth single. Wynonna's version of the song was produced by Narada Michael Walden, known for his work with Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Aretha Franklin and George Michael, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7996928", "score": "0.85162914", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "What a Girl Wants (film)", "text": "What a Girl Wants (film) What a Girl Wants is a 2003 American teen comedy film directed by Dennie Gordon and written by Jenny Bicks and Elizabeth Chandler, based on the 1955 play \"The Reluctant Debutante\" by William Douglas-Home, the second adaptation for the screen of this work. It stars Amanda Bynes, Colin Firth, Kelly Preston, and Oliver James. The film was released on April 4, 2003, received mixed reviews and grossed $50 million worldwide. Daphne Reynolds lives a comfortable but unsatisfying life as a young American girl with a bright future. She has never met her father. She lives", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4012461", "score": "0.8511665", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Modern Fiction (essay)", "text": "suggest a specific way to write instead she wants writers to simply write what interests them in any way that they choose to write. Woolf suggests, “Any method is right, every method is right, that expresses what we wish to express, if we are writers; that brings us closer to the novelist's intention if we are readers\". Woolf wanted writers to express themselves in such a way that it showed life as it should be seen not as \"a series of gig lamps symmetrically arranged\". She set out to inspire writers of modern fiction by calling for originality, criticizing those", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17120924", "score": "0.8501729", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Whatever U Want", "text": "Whatever U Want \"Whatever U Want\" is a song by American singer Christina Milian. It was written by Bradley Spalter, Lambert Waldrip II, Aleese Simmons, Andre Mortion, Khaleef Chiles, James Banks and Henderson Thigpen and produced by Bradley & Stereo for Milian's second album \"It's About Time\" (2004), featuring a rap verse by rapper Joe Budden. The song was released as the album's second and final single, following the success of \"Dip It Low.\" In contrast to its predecessor, however, the single saw moderate success, peaking at number one hundred on the Billboard Hot 100. Outside the United States, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6542034", "score": "0.8462925", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "21 Things I Want in a Lover", "text": "was mixed by Chris Fogel and features Dean DeLeo, guitarist of the Stone Temple Pilots, on the guitar. While writing the track, Morissette claimed that she's jokin in one part of the song, but in another she's \"dead serious.\" According to herself, \"I went to Toronto to write and I didn't know whether I'd be writing songs for the record alone or with someone. I had no idea, but I started writing alone, and within the first week I'd written seven songs. So it was all really fast and accelerated [...] I'd have my little space station worked out where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10026766", "score": "0.84578764", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "What You Want (Evanescence song)", "text": "up with the lyrics and the melody of the song as she thought the members of her band would think she was Janet Jackson due to the usage of a hook. During an interview with \"M Music & Musicians\" Lee revealed that she wouldn't have recorded the song if it had been brought to her before the recording of \"Evanescence\" as she would have thought it was \"stupid\". On August 22, 2011 Lee went to Toronto's Liberty Studios, to preview 5 mastered songs from \"Evanescence\" to a selected crowd of thirty people. \"What You Want\" was one of the five", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15752094", "score": "0.84540164", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Glenda R. Taylor", "text": "and her faith, Taylor was a vociferous reader who also enjoyed writing. She wrote her first poem when she was in the second grade as a class assignment, and it was her desire to be a journalist. When she had the opportunity, she watched Barbara Walters on the \"Today Show,\" the fictional character Mary Richards on the \"Mary Tyler Moore Show\"\",\" and occasionally watched columnist Rona Barrett on the evening news. When she was 13 years old, she decided to create and publish a newsletter to entertain her younger cousins. She read all of the teen magazines and newspapers which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13753272", "score": "0.84509724", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "What Do You Want", "text": "who had moved to India. He said that after breaking up with her, writing \"What Do You Want\" helped him \"climb out of the funk\". The song features acoustic guitar, percussion and an organ. Niemann wrote it with Richie Brown and Rachel Bradshaw, the daughter of National Football League quarterback Terry Bradshaw, who also sings a backing vocal on it. Karlie Justus of \"Engine 145\" gave the song a \"thumbs up\" in her review. She said that the song \"relies on emotion over production\" and thought that the lyrics and production had \"oddly comforting repetition\". Matt Bjorke of \"Roughstock\" rated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11382764", "score": "0.8440095", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Spanish" ]

[ { "title": "Tavares, Florida", "text": "Tavares, Florida Tavares (pronounced tuh-vair-ees) is a city in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Lake County. The population in 2015 was 14,583, with a total of 5,000 households and an average household income of $40,000. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. The name is a popular Portuguese surname and toponym. The city was founded in 1880 by Alexander St. Clair-Abrams, a newspaper and railroad man from a Creole family in New Orleans. He gave it the surname of a Portuguese ancestor. In 1883 a post office was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1032964", "score": "1.0586306", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Jesús Tavárez", "text": "Jesús Tavárez Jesús Rafael Tavárez Alcántaras (born March 26, 1971) is a former professional baseball outfielder. He played five seasons in Major League Baseball, playing mainly in center field for three different teams from - seasons. He also played two seasons for the Haitai Tigers of the KBO League. Listed at 6' 0\", 170 lb., he was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed. Tavárez entered the majors in 1994 with the Florida Marlins, playing for them three years before joining the Boston Red Sox (1997) and Baltimore Orioles (1998). His most productive season came in 1995 with the Marlins, when he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12255851", "score": "1.0411837", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Tavares, Florida", "text": "residing in the city. The population density was 1,368.3 inhabitants per square mile (528.2/km). There were 5,475 housing units at an average density of 772.3 per square mile (298.2/km). The city's racial makeup was 88.98% White, 7.70% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.04% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.46% of the population. There were 4,471 households, of which 16.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1032966", "score": "1.0208731", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Julián Tavárez", "text": "gave up two runs, one earned. On March 13, 2009, Tavárez signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals and was invited to Spring training. When asked why he chose to sign with the Nationals, Tavárez acknowledged he had no other options: \"Why did I sign with the Nationals? When you go to a club at 4 in the morning, and you're just waiting, waiting, a 600-pounder looks like J-Lo. And to me, this is Jennifer Lopez right here. It's 4 in the morning. Too much to drink. So, Nationals: Jennifer Lopez to me.\" In July 2009 he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5748286", "score": "1.0002924", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Tavares, Florida", "text": "a fixed-route transportation service that runs every hour from Lady Lake to Mount Dora with circulator routes in Leesburg and Mount Dora. Tavares, Florida Tavares (pronounced tuh-vair-ees) is a city in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Lake County. The population in 2015 was 14,583, with a total of 5,000 households and an average household income of $40,000. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. The name is a popular Portuguese surname and toponym. The city was founded in 1880 by Alexander St. Clair-Abrams, a newspaper and railroad man", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1032969", "score": "0.99866277", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Julián Tavárez", "text": "Julián Tavárez Julián Tavárez Carmen (born May 22, 1973 in Santiago, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. Tavárez began his professional career on March 16, , signing a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians organization. For two years, he was a starter for the Dominican Summer League Indians. In , he joined the Class A Burlington Indians where he led the league in shutouts and hit batsmen. Tavárez progressed rapidly the following year, playing in Kinston, Canton-Akron, and finally with the Cleveland Indians. He was named the Indians' 1994 Minor League Player of the Year (receiving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5748273", "score": "0.9954331", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Julián Tavárez", "text": "the \"Lou Boudreau Award\"). Tavarez made his major league debut on August 6, , and earned his first win on August 14, against the Texas Rangers. During his time in Canton-Akron, Tavárez won Carolina League Player of the Year honors and was named the league's top prospect by Baseball America. Tavárez was demoted to Triple-A Charlotte in , where he led the International League in wins. He did make one spot start for Cleveland that year. Tavárez was sent to the bullpen in , which was a breakout year for him. He was first in wins, third in innings pitched,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5748274", "score": "0.9873651", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Wuilito Fernandes", "text": "Wuilito Fernandes \"This name uses Portuguese naming customs. The first or maternal family name is Tavares and the second or paternal family name is Fernandes.\" Wuilito Paulo Tavares Fernandes (born 23 March 1990), also known as Totti, is a Cape Verdean football player who currently plays for North Carolina FC in the United Soccer League as a midfielder or forward. In 2009, Fernandes moved to the United States, where his mother lived, having spent time with Bairro FC in his native Cape Verde. He had an unsuccessful trial with New York Red Bulls in 2010. Fernandes played four years of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20099358", "score": "0.9808368", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Hélder Tavares", "text": "Hélder Tavares \"This name uses Portuguese naming customs. The first or maternal family name is Vieira and the second or paternal family name is Tavares\" Hélder Luís Lopes Vieira Tavares (born 26 December 1989) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for C.D. Tondela and the Cape Verde national team. Born in Santa Maria dos Olivais, Lisbon District, Tavares played his first years as a senior in amateur football. In the summer of 2013, aged nearly 24, he signed with S.C. Beira-Mar in the second division from C.D. Pinhalnovense in the third. On 27 July 2013, Tavares made his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17489292", "score": "0.9691008", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tavarez", "text": "Tavarez is a Spanish surname, the Portuguese version of this surname is Tavares. It may refer to:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Manuel Gregorio Tavárez", "text": "Manuel Gregorio Tavárez Manuel Gregorio Tavárez Ropero (November 16, 1843 – July 1, 1883), was Puerto Rico's classical and danza composer. He has been called \"The Chopin of America\". Tavárez was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the son of a French father and a Puerto Rican mother. San Juan was the city where he first began his musical studies. His first musical mentors were José Cabrizas and Domingo Delgado. Tavárez was a student of Gonzalo de J. Núñez (1850 – 1915), whose students also included the internationally-known musicians and composers Juan Morel Campos and Arístides Chavier Arévalo. Tavárez became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3355411", "score": "0.96464133", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Aneury Tavárez", "text": "the Baltimore Orioles in the 2016 Rule 5 draft. He did not play in any regular seasons minor league games for Baltimore. Tavárez was returned to Boston from Baltimore on April 2, 2017. He spent the season with three Red Sox teams: Class A Short Season Lowell (7 games), Double-A Portland (18 games), and Triple-A Pawtucket (33 games). Overall, he batted .272 with five home runs and 22 RBIs in 58 games played. Tavárez opened the 2018 season with Triple-A Pawtucket. He elected free agency on November 3, 2018. Aneury Tavárez Aneury De Jesús Tavárez Trinidad (born April 14, 1992)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19879964", "score": "0.95813155", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Aneury Tavárez", "text": "Aneury Tavárez Aneury De Jesús Tavárez Trinidad (born April 14, 1992) is a Dominican professional baseball outfielder who is currently a free agent. The Red Sox signed Tavárez as an international free agent in October 2010, signing him a bonus of $80,000. His first four seasons in the minors were unremarkable – a combined .254 batting average (289-for-1136) with 336 strikeouts and just 66 walks in 314 games. Tavárez opened 2015 with the Class A-Advanced Salem Red Sox, where he improved to .280 with a .444 OBP and .447 of slugging in 39 games. He then was promoted to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19879960", "score": "0.9462912", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Tavares, Florida", "text": "established; by the next year, a hotel, three stores, a sawmill, and eight cottages were built. St. Clair-Abrams's dream of Tavares as the state capital was not realized, but in 1887 it was designated the county seat of Lake County. St. Clair-Abrams later chartered a railroad from Tavares to Orlando. In 1919, Tavares incorporated as a town. Tavares is at (28.801670, -81.733548). According to the United States Census Bureau, it has a total area of ; of this, (95.16%) is land and (4.84%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,700 people, 4,471 households, and 2,821 families", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1032965", "score": "0.94516116", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Suzy Tavarez", "text": "Suzy Tavarez Suzy Tavarez (born February 3, 1975) is an on-air radio personality for the Boston, Massachusetts-based radio station WJMN-FM, \"JAM'N 94.5\". Her other claims to fame include being a Miami Dolphins cheerleader (from 1998 to 2000), acting, and modeling. Tavarez, from South Florida, started working for Power 96 in Miami. She became an on-air radio personality for another Miami station, Y-100, before undertaking roles such as cheerleading with the Dolphins and serving as a co-host on Latin MTV, based in Miami. In January 2001, Tavarez moved to Atlanta where she was the nighttime on-air radio personality at Q100. She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7461850", "score": "0.9429947", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Elisa Tavárez", "text": "Elisa Tavárez Elisa Tavárez (1879–1960) was a Puerto Rican pianist of international renown. Elisa Tavárez Colón was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to the \"Father of the danza\" Manuel Gregorio Tavárez and Elisa Colón Colón Tavárez studied music education in Spain under Pilar de la Mora at the Madrid Conservatory, and always won first place in her concerts and auditions. She was invited to perform before the Queen of Spain, also earning well-deserved applause. After returning to Puerto Rico where she also presented concerts, she presented additional concerts in Central America, Cuba, and the United States. She is recognized in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14633014", "score": "0.94070196", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mickaël Tavares", "text": "Mickaël Tavares Mickaël Zidro Tavares (born 25 October 1982) is a Senegalese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder, and who is currently a free agent. He has twenty-five caps for the Senegalese national team. Born in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France, Tavares begann his career at US Créteil, and moved in 2000 to Portuguese club FC Alverca. After two years, he returned to France and signed a contract with SC Abbeville, for whom he scored 9 goals in 26 games in the 2002-03 season, following which he moved to FC Nantes, where he played in the reserve team. In 2005, he joined", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9852776", "score": "0.93806434", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Julián Tavárez", "text": "Red Sox even though he could have opted for free agency. Later that month, he was released. On May 27, 2008, Tavárez signed a contract with the Milwaukee Brewers for the remainder of the 2008 season. On June 19, Tavárez was designated for assignment, and rejected an outright assignment to the minors, opting instead to be released from his contract. Tavárez signed a contract with the Atlanta Braves on July 8, 2008, for the remainder of the 2008 season. On that day, he made his Braves debut against the Los Angeles Dodgers. He pitched a third of an inning and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5748285", "score": "0.93681", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tavares, Florida", "text": "present, and 36.9% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.48. In the city, 14.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.8% between 18 and 24, 19.8% between 25 and 44, 22.2% between 45 and 64, and 38.0% over 64. The median age was 56. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males. The median", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1032967", "score": "0.9308084", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Shannon Tavarez", "text": "Shannon Tavarez Shannon Skye Tavarez (January 20, 1999 – November 1, 2010) was an American child actress and singer. She appeared in the Broadway theatre production of \"The Lion King\" by Walt Disney Theatrical, where she played the role of the young lion cub Nala. Tavarez was a resident of Bellerose, Queens, New York City, and attended P.S. 176. Cambria Heights She was chosen to play the role of Nala after a cattle call audition in 2008 at the Apollo Theater. She became one of two girls who split the role, with each girl performing four shows weekly. Several months", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15044438", "score": "0.92648375", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "John Tavares", "text": "John Tavares John Tavares (born September 20, 1990) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre and an alternate captain for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected first overall by the New York Islanders in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, where he spent nine seasons and served as captain for five seasons. Previously, Tavares competed at the major junior level as a member of the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) before being traded to the London Knights at the 2009 OHL trading deadline along with Michael Del Zotto. Tavares broke into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874885", "score": "0.92566645", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Julián Tavárez", "text": "designated for assignment by the Nationals, and eventually released. After playing baseball for 19 years, at the minor and major league level, he decided to retire from baseball. Julián Tavárez Julián Tavárez Carmen (born May 22, 1973 in Santiago, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. Tavárez began his professional career on March 16, , signing a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians organization. For two years, he was a starter for the Dominican Summer League Indians. In , he joined the Class A Burlington Indians where he led the league in shutouts and hit batsmen. Tavárez", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5748287", "score": "0.92335033", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mickaël Tavares", "text": "playing in Portugal with F.C. Alverca. Mickaël Tavares Mickaël Zidro Tavares (born 25 October 1982) is a Senegalese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder, and who is currently a free agent. He has twenty-five caps for the Senegalese national team. Born in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France, Tavares begann his career at US Créteil, and moved in 2000 to Portuguese club FC Alverca. After two years, he returned to France and signed a contract with SC Abbeville, for whom he scored 9 goals in 26 games in the 2002-03 season, following which he moved to FC Nantes, where he played in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9852781", "score": "0.9219923", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "John Tavares", "text": "paternal grandparents Manuel and Dorotea Tavares immigrated from Portugal to Toronto, Ontario. At a very young age, Tavares moved to Oakville, Ontario. This is where he was first exposed to minor hockey via the Minor Oaks Hockey Association. Tavares also played soccer and lacrosse, and his highly competitive nature often led him to fight with other players. Tavares excelled at lacrosse, following in the footsteps of his uncle John Tavares, the all-time scoring leader in the National Lacrosse League (NLL), and was a ball boy for his uncle's NLL team, the Buffalo Bandits. The younger Tavares credits his uncle with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7874889", "score": "0.921168", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Elisa Tavárez", "text": "Ponce at the Park of the Illustrious Ponce Citizens. Elisa Tavárez Elisa Tavárez (1879–1960) was a Puerto Rican pianist of international renown. Elisa Tavárez Colón was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to the \"Father of the danza\" Manuel Gregorio Tavárez and Elisa Colón Colón Tavárez studied music education in Spain under Pilar de la Mora at the Madrid Conservatory, and always won first place in her concerts and auditions. She was invited to perform before the Queen of Spain, also earning well-deserved applause. After returning to Puerto Rico where she also presented concerts, she presented additional concerts in Central America,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14633015", "score": "0.920827", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Shannon Tavarez", "text": "On November 1, 2010, Tavarez died at the age of 11 at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New Hyde Park, New York, due to acute myeloid leukemia. The lights at the Minskoff Theatre, where \"The Lion King\" was playing, were dimmed the night she died. In a statement released following her daughter's death, Odiney Brown said that \"Shannon's dream was to perform on stage, and that she did.\" Tavarez's funeral was held at Greater Allen AME Cathedral in Queens, New York. A year after her death Tavarez's mother started Shannon's S.H.A.R.E Foundation. Shannon Tavarez Shannon Skye Tavarez (January 20,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15044440", "score": "0.92016536", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Suzy Tavarez", "text": "also appeared in several Atlanta media outlets including two magazines (\"Jezebel\" and the \"Atlanta Journal\") and on two television stations (UPN and The WB). In late February 2004, Tavarez moved to Los Angeles to pursue acting, although she eventually found a job with KIIS-FM. She posed for \"Playboy\" magazine's \"Women of Radio\" pictorial in late 2004/early 2005. On June 29, 2007, Tavarez finished her on-air work for KIIS-FM in order to return to Miami, to be with her family. In 2009, Tavarez once again joined South Florida's Y-100 (WHYI) as an on-air personality. Suzy Tavarez Suzy Tavarez (born February 3,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7461851", "score": "0.920088", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Tavares (group)", "text": "Tavares (group) Tavares (also known as The Tavares Brothers) is an American R&B, funk and soul music group, composed of five Cape Verdean-American brothers. Born and raised in Providence, Rhode Island, they would later move to New Bedford, Massachusetts. They were inducted into the Rhode Island Music Hall of Fame in 2014. They consist of: The brothers, whose parents were of Cape Verdean descent, started performing in 1959 as Chubby and the Turnpikes when the youngest brother was 9. P-Funk keyboardist/architect Bernie Worrell briefly joined the group in 1968 while attending the New England Conservatory of Music. Future Aerosmith drummer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4557170", "score": "0.9129792", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jesús Tavárez", "text": "posted career-numbers in batting average (.289), home runs (2), runs (31), RBI (13) and stolen bases (7). The next season, he appeared in a career-high 98 games, while hitting just .219. In a five-season career, Tavárez was a .239 hitter (101-for-228) with three home runs and 33 RBI in 228 games, including 12 doubles, three triples and 13 stolen bases. He also played in the Seattle, Florida, Boston, Baltimore and San Francisco minor league systems from 1990–99, hitting .274 with 22 home runs and 259 RBI in 741 games. , or Retrosheet, or Korea Baseball Organization Jesús Tavárez Jesús Rafael", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12255852", "score": "0.909546", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Malvina Tavares", "text": "mid-19th century. In her diary, she refers to the fact that her mother was born in a castle in Bordeaux implying a possible aristocratic origin of her mother's family. In the late 1880s, Tavares was sent to the Brazilian capital to study teaching at the Normal School of Porto Alegre. She studied with another future libertarian pedagogue Ana Amaral Lisboa Aurora. In 1890, she married the Portuguese trader, José Joaquim Tavares. In 1898, Tavares and her husband moved to Encruzilhada do Sul, and two years later, they moved to São Gabriel da Estrela. Despite adversity, Tavares persisted in her role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18115085", "score": "0.90735996", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Joseph Trapanese", "John Debney", "Benj Pasek and Justin Paul" ]

[ { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "The Greatest Showman The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions. Principal photography began in New York City in November 2016. The film premiered on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS \"Queen Mary 2\". It was released in the United States on December 20, 2017, by 20th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411194", "score": "1.0878487", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Natasha Liu Bordizzo", "text": "Anupam Kher. Later in 2016, Bordizzo closed the year by taking on the supporting role of Deng Yan in \"The Greatest Showman\", an American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. Bordizzo was excited to begin principal photography in New York as she had never had any song or dance training - both of which she found \"terrifying\" The film premiered on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS \"Queen Mary 2\". It was released in the United States on December 20, 2017, by 20th Century", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19360457", "score": "1.0802195", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Fred Brophy", "text": "autobiography he had written with journalist Sue Williams called \"The Last Showman: The Life and Times of an Outback Tent-Boxing Legend\". The book originated from decades of Brophy recording stories about his life in notebooks despite having dyslexia. The stories were typed up by a former secretary who once worked for politician Bob Katter as Brophy believed she was the only one who could decipher his handwriting. Williams then assisted Brophy in compiling the material into a book. As part of her research for the book, Williams visited Brophy's boxing tent and took part in a fight. Brophy said that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20574572", "score": "1.074684", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", "text": "The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film of the same name. It was released in full on December 8, 2017 by Atlantic Records. The first pre-order release was on October 26, 2017 with two promotional singles: \"The Greatest Show\" and \"This Is Me\" and a third on November 17, 2017 \"Rewrite the Stars\". \"This Is Me\" was released on December 8, 2017 as the album's official lead single. In Australia, \"Rewrite the Stars\" was released to radio on July 20, 2018. Produced by Justin Paul, Benj", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20411738", "score": "1.065849", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly.\" The Greatest Showman The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions. Principal photography began in New York City in November 2016. The film premiered on December 8,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411219", "score": "1.0580943", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "and Justin Paul wrote all the songs appearing in the film. The soundtrack album is produced by Justin Paul, Benj Pasek, Greg Wells, Kevin Weaver and Pete Ganbarg, featuring the eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1. \"The Greatest Showman\" now draws level with Adele's \"21\" for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit in the last 30 years. The cast album is now at 910,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 420,000 physical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411205", "score": "1.0442234", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage.\" Hugh Armitage of \"Digital Spy\" said, \"\"The Greatest Showman\" is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family.\" Alan Jones of \"Radio Times\" called it \"A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered.\" Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating \"\"The Greatest Showman\" is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs.\" Douglas Davidson of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411214", "score": "1.0308639", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Bruce Vilanch", "text": "In 2008, Vilanch co-wrote \"The Showgirl Must Go On\" with Midler. The show opened at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, receiving positive reviews. Stage and screen veteran Florence Henderson and Vilanch teamed for \"An Evening with Friends\" in 2010. The show featured Henderson sharing songs and stories from her career on stage, screen, and television. Vilanch had a longstanding friendship with Henderson, writing for her one-woman show as well as several of \"The Brady Bunch Variety Hour\" episodes in the early 1980s. Vilanch wrote for the Academy Awards from 1989 to 2014, providing topical joke material for the show's hosts.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5451397", "score": "1.0215695", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", "text": "article writing that \"statistically speaking, \"The Greatest Showman\" is by far the most popular album of the year so far.\" By February 27, it was the top album on iTunes. By March 23, 2018, it had been the number one in the UK for eleven straight weeks, more than \"any other album in modern chart history except Adele's \"21\".\" It had sold 465,000 copies, with around 40% of those sales on CD and vinyl. By April 6 the album climbed back up the charts for its 12th non-consecutive week at number one. The album was selected for the 2017 Oprah's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20411742", "score": "1.013653", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "scale, and it earned a 70% \"definite recommend\" from PostTrak. Owen Gleiberman of \"Variety\" gave the film a positive review, writing, \"\"The Greatest Showman\" is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype.\" Richard Roeper of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, \"With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, \"The Greatest Showman\" ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411212", "score": "1.0064967", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Showmen's Trade Review", "text": "1954, the year after his death, a new wing was opened at the Will Rogers' Memorial Hospital, dedicated to Chick Lewis, who served as executive vice-president of the institution. The dedication was made during the annual visit of the Variety Clubs Board of Directors to the sanitarium. Ever the showman, in his editorial of June 4, 1949, Lewis wrote, \"SELL THE PICTURE: If the show is good enough to book, it's worth all the showmanship energy a theatreman can produce with every bit of know-how, inspiration and perspiration of which he's capable.\" Lewis presented industry news with optimism, conviction, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15189735", "score": "1.0016139", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", "text": "from below with a wind machine blowing in their face.\" Notes Notes Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Greatest Showman\". The Greatest Showman: Reimagined is a re-recording of the original soundtrack for the 2017 film \"The Greatest Showman\". The album featuring new version of the original songs sung by the likes of Pink, Kesha, Panic! at the Disco, and more. The album was released on November 16, 2018. The Kesha version of \"This Is Me\" was originally released as a non-album single on 22 December 2017, to promote the original soundtrack, but later featured on the soundtrack's re-release.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20411745", "score": "0.9889433", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Guy Bolton", "text": "Middleton and others. But it was the Princess Theatre shows with Kern that made the most impression; some of these shows were so popular that they transferred to the larger Casino Theatre to finish their runs. An anonymous admirer wrote a verse in their praise that begins: In February 1918, Dorothy Parker wrote in \"Vanity Fair\" Bolton went on to write more than fifty stage works, mainly in collaboration with others. Besides Wodehouse, his frequent writing partners were the American, George Middleton, with whom he wrote ten shows, and the Englishman, Fred Thompson, with whom he wrote fourteen. His collaborations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3041418", "score": "0.9883448", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", "text": "Pasek, Greg Wells, Kevin Weaver, and Pete Ganbarg, the album became a global success following the release of the film, topping the charts in several countries including the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom and Japan. The album also reached number one on iTunes in over 77 countries. In the United Kingdom, the album is a commercial success and is the best-selling album of 2018. It became only the second album in 30 years to spend 11 consecutive weeks at number 1 and in its 20th week atop the UK Albums Chart, it became the longest running soundtrack at number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20411739", "score": "0.98067313", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Time Is Now (album)", "text": "a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 57 based on 10 reviews, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". \"The Time Is Now\" reached number two on the UK Albums Chart, debuting with sales of 16,874 copies, behind the of \"The Greatest Showman\". Craig David will embark on a tour and make appearances at music festivals around England, the United States, the Middle East and Europe to promote the album. Notes The Time Is Now (album) The Time Is Now is the seventh studio album by British singer Craig David, released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20344291", "score": "0.9796998", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "4/5, saying, \"\"The Greatest Showman\" deserves to become a Christmas classic. The film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming.\" Pete Hammond of \"Deadline Hollywood\" gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, \"A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd.\" Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying \"There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but \"The Greatest Showman\" is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411216", "score": "0.97704756", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hugh Jackman", "text": "the musical \"The Greatest Showman\" (2017). His work in \"Les Misérables\" earned him his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor and his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in 2013. In Broadway theatre, Jackman won a Tony Award for his role in \"The Boy from Oz\". A four-time host of the Tony Awards themselves, he won an Emmy Award for one of these appearances. Jackman also hosted the 81st Academy Awards on 22 February 2009. Jackman was born in Sydney, New South Wales, to Grace McNeil (née Greenwood) and Christopher John Jackman,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2050300", "score": "0.9664316", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Billy Purvis (1853)", "text": "ought not to be forgotten in her great age. Whoever publishes a life of Purvis ought to take care that Billy's widow shall share in the profits.\" This suggests that one motive for writing this second life was for the benefit of Mrs. Purvis. She died, still in the Jesus Hospital, on 9 November 1880, at the great age of 94. In a death notice, Billy was still remembered as \"the famous showman of the north\". The same account was also printed in papers in London and in Dundee, indicating the extent of his fame, almost three decades after his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19065865", "score": "0.9644424", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Antonio Morelli", "text": "1950s and 60s. The greatest names in the entertainment industry graced the Copa Room Stage (the showroom at the Sands, named after the famed Copacabana Club in New York City) including Judy Garland, Lena Horne, (she was billed at the Sands as \"The Satin Doll\") Jimmy Durante, Marlene Dietrich, Tallulah Bankhead, Bobby Darin, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, along with \"The Copa Girls\". These were only a few of the legendary entertainers to not only perform at the Sands, but in all the showrooms along the Strip, from the late 40's until the early 90's. The public could sit ringside", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13299162", "score": "0.9613819", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Showman", "text": "and Bell. Turbetts, Hudsons, McCormacks, McGurk, Wilmots and Grahams are associated with coastal amusements, particularly in the west of the country. \"Showman\" is a humoristic talkshow hosted by the Norwegian comedian and actor Håvard Lilleheie. The show currently runs on TV2 Zebra, and is produced by Monster Entertainment. \"Showman\" (\"şovmen\" in Turkish) word refers to talk show host in Turkey. This show can be performed individually (talking with public by telephone) in Turkish TV's. In the United Kingdom, show-people are involved with funfairs. The Showmen's Guild of Great Britain is the most dominant trade association, with a membership of around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5889033", "score": "0.96105444", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", "text": "Leading up to the album's release, the songs \"A Million Dreams\" and \"A Million Dreams (Reprise)\" performed by P!nk and her daughter Willow Sage Hart respectively, were released as promotional singles along with the pre-order of the album on October 24, 2018. On November 2, 2018, Panic! at the Disco's cover of \"The Greatest Show\" was released as second promotional single. On 16 November, the day the soundtrack was released, the video for James Arthur's and Anne-Marie's \"Rewrite the Stars\" was released. Notes The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20411746", "score": "0.9566245", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Steve Lawrence", "text": "Film Advisory Board's Award of Excellence and a Television Critics Circle Award for \"From This Moment On\", a tribute to Cole Porter. The duo also won a Las Vegas Entertainment Award for \"Musical Variety Act of the Year\" four times, three of them consecutively. They were honored with a lifetime achievement award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and in 1995 were the recipients of an \"Ella Lifetime Achievement Award\" from the \"Society of Singers\", a non-profit organization that helps professional singers with counseling and financial assistance. Steve Lawrence Steve Lawrence (born Sidney Liebowitz; July 8, 1935) is an American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2894713", "score": "0.9554557", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", "text": "1 in 50 years, and has sold over 4.5 million copies worldwide. The album's single \"This Is Me\" won Best Original Song – Motion Picture at the 75th Golden Globe Awards, and was nominated for Best Song at the Critics' Choice Movie Awards and Best Original Song at the 90th Academy Awards. The first pre-order release was on October 26, 2017 with the soundtrack released in full on December 8, 2017 by Atlantic Records. It debuted at number 71 on \"Billboard\" 200, and later stayed at number one for two weeks. On January 7, 2018, the soundtrack had been on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20411740", "score": "0.95449686", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand.\" Steve Persall of \"Tampa Bay Times\" gave the film an 'A', and said, \"\"The Greatest Showman\" is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,\" while William Bibbiani of IGN gave \"The Greatest Showman\" a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, \"wildly entertaining.\" Britton Peele of \"The Dallas Morning News\" said, \"The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make \"The Greatest Showman\".\" Jackie K Cooper of \"HuffPost\" gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, \"You will be overwhelmed by the music and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411213", "score": "0.95328045", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mel Tolkin", "text": "Mel Tolkin Mel Tolkin, né Shmuel Tolchinsky (August 3, 1913 – November 26, 2007), was a television comedy writer best known as head writer of the live sketch comedy series \"Your Show of Shows\" (NBC, 1950–1954) during the Golden Age of Television. There he presided over a staff that at times included Mel Brooks, Neil Simon, and Danny Simon. The writers' room inspired the film \"My Favorite Year\" (1982), produced by Brooks, and the Broadway play \"Laughter on the 23rd Floor\" (1993), written by Neil Simon. Tolkin, who won an Emmy Award and every other major prize for television writing,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11238504", "score": "0.95293105", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Irving Berlin", "text": "century.\" An immigrant from Russia, his life became the \"classic rags-to-riches story that he never forgot could have happened only in America.\" During his career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs and was a legend by the time he turned 30. He went on to write the scores for 20 original Broadway shows and 15 original Hollywood films, with his songs nominated for Academy Awards on eight occasions. Music historian Susannah McCorkle writes that \"in scope, quantity, and quality his work was amazing.\" Others, such as Broadway musician Anne Phillips, says simply that \"the man is an American institution.\" During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "586966", "score": "0.9499123", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Greatest Showman", "text": "Century Fox and grossed over $434million worldwide, making it the fifth-highest grossing live-action musical of all time. The film was released seven months after Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus's dissolution. \"The Greatest Showman\" received mixed reviews, with praise for the performances, music, and production values, but criticism for its artistic license, with some reviewers calling it \"faux-inspiring and shallow\". At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, the film received nominations for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actor – Musical or Comedy for Jackman. For the song \"This Is Me\", the film won the Golden Globe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411195", "score": "0.94816494", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Bruce Adler", "text": "for himself starting in the mid-1990s, with a series of shows which played to huge success in the legitimate theatres of South Florida from the Palm Beaches to Ft. Lauderdale to Miami. His shows paid tribute to the performers who had shaped his own style including Danny Kaye, Sammy Davis, Jr., Red Buttons, Cab Calloway and Jimmy Durante, among others. In a review of Adler's one-man show \"Song and Dance Man\", \"New York Times\" critic Richard F. Shepard wrote, \"What is there that this man can't do? He kazotskys, he soft shoes, he fandangos...He makes the oldest jokes fresh and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12249631", "score": "0.9463413", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "P. T. Barnum", "text": "Michael Gracey, \"The Greatest Showman\" shows PT Barnum as a young boy with a flair for entertainment. The young Barnum then grows up, marries his childhood love (Charity Hallet), starts the circus, and tours with Jenny Lind. The film was released seven months after the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus permanently dissolved. Films and television: Theatre: Books: Music: P. T. Barnum Phineas Taylor Barnum (; July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, politician, and businessman remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus (1871–2017). He was also an author,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1396008", "score": "0.9439128", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Billy Idol" ]

[ { "title": "White Wedding (song)", "text": "the climax of a bigamous storyline involving the character Peter Barlow. Barlow, portrayed by Chris Gascoyne, was seated at a table, reflectively spinning his two wedding rings around. On \"The Colbert Report\", a couple who had been prevented from wedding at the Jefferson Memorial, by the 2013 government shutdown, were married. The couple's first dance was to Audra McDonald singing the song. A version sung in Greek by George Kostoglou appeared in \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2\". The American metal band In This Moment was set to collaborate with Idol on the track \"Black Wedding\" off their sixth album", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6734968", "score": "1.1119568", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Kitty White", "text": "Kitty White Kitty Jean Bilbrew, better known as Kitty White (July 7, 1923 – August 11, 2009) was an American jazz singer who was popular in Los Angeles nightclubs. She recorded mostly on the West Coast with Buddy Collette, Gerald Wiggins, Chico Hamilton, Bud Shank and Red Callender. She sang many demo recordings for her friend, Los Angeles blues composer Jessie Mae Robinson, including \"I Went to Your Wedding,\" a No. 1 hit for Patti Page in 1953. Kitty Jean Bilbrew was born on July 7, 1923 in Los Angeles, California. She was raised in a musical family—her parents were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9388290", "score": "1.0953472", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Wedding Bell Blues", "text": "Wedding Bell Blues \"Wedding Bell Blues\" is a song written and recorded by Laura Nyro in 1966. The best known version of the song was a number one hit for the 5th Dimension in 1969. The lyrics are written from the perspective of a woman whose boyfriend has not yet proposed to her, and who wonders, \"am I ever gonna see my wedding day?\" The song carries dual themes of adoring love and frustrated lament. The title of the song subsequently became a popular phrase in American pop culture. Nyro wrote \"Wedding Bell Blues\" at the age of 18 as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10633276", "score": "1.0671363", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Freddie White", "text": "O'Sullivan (1949-1986), put to music, co-written by White with his then wife, Ann O'Sullivan (Don O'Sullivan's sister). Note: The above albums are available on CD, with the exception of \"Long Distance Runner\" and the \"Have A Nice Day\" EP. Freddie White Freddie White (born September 1951 in Cobh, Ireland) is an Irish singer-songwriter. Born in Cobh, County Cork, Ireland into a musical family, by the age of thirteen White was playing in school bands and by seventeen playing professionally. He went to London in 1970 – where he stayed for about two years – to busk and perfect his unique", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13998459", "score": "1.0666051", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Bless the Bride", "text": "stylised scenery by Tanya Moiseiwitsch, a break with the realism of earlier musical comedy sets. One of Webb's songs with Guétary, \"This Is My Lovely Day\", became one of the BBC's most requested songs of all times, and the song's popularity, and that of the show, were increased by their association with the wedding in 1947 of Princess Elizabeth and Lt. Philip Mountbatten. Only four of the songs were recorded as studio singles by the original cast. A \"disappointing\" studio recording was made in 1967 with Mary Millar and Roberto Cardinali, and a revival was presented in London in 1987.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8502007", "score": "1.0590583", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Rose Brennan", "text": "Musical Express for the best recording of the year; this was her cover of Leo Maguire's \"The Whistling Gypsy\". Her co-vocalists with the orchestra from 1955 were Ross MacManus (father of Elvis Costello) and Larry Gretton. It wasn`t until 1961, now on the Philips label, that she reached the heights of the hit parade when 'Tall dark stranger' made it to No.31. One of her next recordings included a number she wrote herself, \"My wedding day\". Her own wedding day was 7 May 1956 when she married George Hirst, son of a Yorkshire businessman, at Wakefield Registry Office. She sang", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16067595", "score": "1.0270994", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Patrick Carney", "text": "by actor Will Forte. Karen Elson, a singer and ex-wife of Jack White of the White Stripes and a Nashville resident who was friends with Carney and Ward, sang at the wedding. The wedding party included Ward's siblings Danielle Shuster and Henry Ward, Carney's brothers Will Carney, Michael Carney, and step-brother Barry Stormer, and the couple's Irish wolfhound, Charlotte. Wearing Carolina Herrera, Ward walked down the aisle to \"Crimson and Clover\" by Tommy James and the Shondells. Carney and Ward invited 350 guests, including bandmate Dan Auerbach and professional snowboarder Shaun White, who was later arrested and charged with vandalism", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5062036", "score": "1.0267413", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding", "text": "completely musical episode of \"Ugly Betty\", which is often discussed by Becki Newton and Michael Urie in their talks in the 'Official Ugly Betty Podcast', hosted by ABC.com. There was a reference to \"Dynasty\" when Wilhelmina slaps Bradford when he is dying is like when Alexis slaps Cecil. A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding \"A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding\" is the seventh episode of the second season from the dramedy series \"Ugly Betty\". It is the 30th episode in the series, which aired on November 8, 2007. The episode was written by Silvio Horta & Marco Pennette", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10794577", "score": "1.0204937", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Georgia White", "text": "the 1950s, finally performing in 1959 in Chicago. She then resumed performing on weekends at the Blue Pub, a bar on Irving Park Road near the Kennedy Expressway, where she quickly won a loyal following. She sang many of her famous songs, including \"Maybe I'm Wrong Again,\" a ballad from an early Bing Crosby movie. One of her songs, \"Alley Boogie\" (recorded November 9, 1937), was used as the theme music for the British romantic comedy drama series, \"Love Soup.\" Georgia White Georgia White (March 9, 1903 – c.1980) was an African-American blues singer, most prolific in the 1930s and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10943230", "score": "1.0186796", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "White Wedding (song)", "text": "\"White Wedding\" is a song by Billy Idol that appeared on his album Billy Idol in 1982. It is often considered one of his most recognisable songs, although other Idol songs charted higher. It peaked at No. 108 on the Billboard Bubbling Under the Hot 100 on its original release, and reached No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 when it was re-issued in 1983. In the UK it reached No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart upon its re-release there in 1985 and 1988, when it was re-issued to promote the Vital Idol remix album.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "White Christmas (film)", "text": "song was sung by Rosemary Clooney and her own sister, Betty. Berlin wrote \"A Singer, A Dancer\" for Crosby and his planned co-star Fred Astaire but when he was unavailable, Berlin re-wrote it as \"A Crooner – A Comic\" for Crosby and Donald O'Connor, but when O'Connor left the project so did the song. Another song written by Berlin for the film was \"Sittin' in the Sun (Countin' My Money)\" but because of delays in production Berlin decided to publish it independently. Crosby and Kaye also recorded another Berlin song (\"Santa Claus\") for the opening WWII Christmas Eve show scene,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6140103", "score": "1.0060862", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Princess White", "text": "\"Sittin' On Top of the World\", performing the title song. She died after collapsing backstage at a 1976 performance with Bernhardt in Mamaroneck, New York. She was married \"eight or nine\" times, by her own recollection. Her last husband was Fred Durrah. Princess White Princess White (January 14, 1881 – March 21, 1976) was an American blues singer, dancer, comedian and vaudeville performer. Born Princess White in Philadelphia, of part-American Indian descent, she started her career as a child dancer, touring with Salica Bryan and her Pickaninnies nationally and as far as Europe and Australia. Until the late 1930s, she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20007686", "score": "1.0058709", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "White wine", "text": "a song is probably: \"Ah! the white wine\" by Jean Dréjac and Charles Borel-Clerc. \"A touch of champagne\" is a song by Harry Fragson written about 1890. \"I am Drunk\", sung by Louis Byrec and written by Yvette Guilbert in 1895 gave the best part to knowledge of sparkling wines: \"I come to the wedding of my sister Annette And, when the champagne is flowing, I could not hold you, I am tipsy, and I pinched my little tuft. I feel flageoler I feel my legsM I have the heart guil'ret, the pleasing air I am ready to cavort When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3646825", "score": "1.0007383", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song)", "text": "disappointment over George W. Bush's re-election in 2004. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing Company Inc., \"Have a Nice Day\" is set in the time signature of common time written in the key of E Major with a \"driving rock\" tempo of 130 beats per minute. Jon Bon Jovi's vocal range in the song spans from B-C. The sheet music lists the musical style of the song as arena rock, hard rock, pop rock, and album rock. It features \"trademark big Bon Jovi choruses and catchy hooks\" and has a message that can be taken", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9120689", "score": "1.0005245", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "John White (singer)", "text": "John White (singer) John I. White (April 12, 1902 – November 26, 1992) was a western music singer. He was born in 1902 and originated from Washington, DC. Working under various stage names, such as \"the Lone Star Ranger,\" \"the Lonesome Cowboy,\" and most often \"Whitey Johns\" he flourished as a performing and recording artist in the 1920s and 1930s. His first recordings were for the American Record Company and were released on a wide variety of record labels. He frequently performed covers of songs written by Vernon Dalhart. His most famous recordings were two of his last, \"Whoopee Ti", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9381071", "score": "1.0000474", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "White Bird (song)", "text": "shared the lead vocal with David LaFlamme, died at age 40, in a 1989 automobile accident. White Bird (song) \"White Bird\" is a 1969 song by San Francisco rock group It's a Beautiful Day, written by David LaFlamme and his then wife Linda LaFlamme (née Neska). \"White Bird\" was written in December 1967, in Seattle, Washington. Manager Matthew Katz had moved the band there to polish their act at a small Seattle ballroom before booking them into San Francisco nightclubs. Living in the attic of a Victorian house across the street from Volunteer Park, the band had inadequate food and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17642808", "score": "0.9896771", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "David Mann (songwriter)", "text": "de Wedding Bell\", recorded by Eartha Kitt between 1952 and 1954. The song was released as a B-side to her 1954 non-album single \"Lovin' Spree\". As a B-side to \"Lovin' Spree\", the single charted at number 20 on the current US \"Billboard\" music chart. Later, in 2006, the song was released as a CD bonus track to her album \"That Bad Eartha\". His most enduring composition was \"In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning\", written with Bob Hilliard. The song has over 500 cover versions to its credit, over 100 available today on iTunes. The song enjoys wide acclaim,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148932", "score": "0.985181", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "L. E. White", "text": "L. E. White L.E. White (1930–2004) was an American Grammy Award-winning songwriter, singer and musician. Before establishing a songwriting career, White was a bluegrass player with Bill Monroe's Blue Grass Boys and Wilma Lee & Stoney Cooper's Clinch Mountain Clan. He also played fiddle with the Bailey Brothers in 1949 and with the Osborne Brothers in 1953. Throughout his career, White had hundreds of songs recorded, including the Grammy-winning duet \"After the Fire Is Gone\", for Loretta Lynn and Conway Twitty in 1971, as well as Twitty's #1 \"I Love You More Today\" in 1969. He was also a co-writer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17391386", "score": "0.9840416", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Kitty White", "text": "an active career. Their mother, known as A.C. Bilbrew, organized an all-black chorus that performed in the 1929 film \"Hearts of Dixie\". A.C. later recorded the 1955 protest song \"The Ballad of Emmett Till\" for Dootone Records. Kitty picked up her catchy jazz name legitimately by marrying songwriter Eddie White in the 1940s. She moved to Palm Springs, California in 1967 and sang at the Spa Hotel for sixteen years. White died in Palm Springs, at the age of 86, after suffering a stroke. Kitty White Kitty Jean Bilbrew, better known as Kitty White (July 7, 1923 – August 11,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9388292", "score": "0.98398876", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Beautiful in White", "text": "The album contained both original material and cover versions of famous love songs; \"Beautiful in White\" was among the original ones. According to the news website VnExpress, the track was written based on Johann Pachelbel's \"Canon\", which has also been a popular wedding song. It was composed in the traditional verse–chorus form in C major, with Filan's vocal ranging from the chords of E to B. The track's lyrics describes the speaker's feelings when he first met his bride wearing a wedding dress. Prior to this release, the demo was often incorrectly credited as being recorded by Shayne Ward instead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20693264", "score": "0.9828598", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song)", "text": "review of \"Have a Nice Day\" that \"[John] Kerry supporter Jon Bon Jovi takes a snarky stance in ['Have a Nice Day'], reportedly in response to the re-election of George W Bush. Unlike the Rolling Stones's 'Sweet Neo-Con', though, his ire is sufficiently fuzzy for it to work\". Bon Jovi first performed a portion of \"Have a Nice Day\" at the 2004 American Music Awards, at which the band accepted a special award; Bon Jovi later performed the full version of the song at the Live 8 concert in July 2005. Since its release as a single and inclusion on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9120693", "score": "0.9810092", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "White wedding", "text": "published in 1934 as a newspaper advertising insert called \"So You're Going to Get Married!\" in a column titled \"To the Bride\", and its rival \"Modern Bride\" began publishing in 1949. Today a whole industry surrounds the provision of such weddings. The full white wedding experience today typically requires the family to arrange for or purchase printed or engraved wedding invitations, musicians, decorations such as flowers or candles, clothes and flowers for bridesmaids, groomsmen, a flower girl, and a ring bearer. They may also add optional features, such as a guest book or commemorative wedding leaflets. It is common to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "457064", "score": "0.97800195", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Princess White", "text": "Princess White Princess White (January 14, 1881 – March 21, 1976) was an American blues singer, dancer, comedian and vaudeville performer. Born Princess White in Philadelphia, of part-American Indian descent, she started her career as a child dancer, touring with Salica Bryan and her Pickaninnies nationally and as far as Europe and Australia. Until the late 1930s, she worked as a touring performer on the Theatre Owners Booking Association (TOBA) circuit, and with such shows as \"Silas Green from New Orleans\". She worked with such performers as Black Patti, Ida Cox, Butterbeans and Susie, and the Whitman Sisters, and became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20007684", "score": "0.9773739", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "White Bird (song)", "text": "White Bird (song) \"White Bird\" is a 1969 song by San Francisco rock group It's a Beautiful Day, written by David LaFlamme and his then wife Linda LaFlamme (née Neska). \"White Bird\" was written in December 1967, in Seattle, Washington. Manager Matthew Katz had moved the band there to polish their act at a small Seattle ballroom before booking them into San Francisco nightclubs. Living in the attic of a Victorian house across the street from Volunteer Park, the band had inadequate food and no transportation during a dreary Seattle winter. The song evolved from the depression of the band's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17642803", "score": "0.97729415", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Laura White", "text": "Are Not Alone as part of Michael Jackson week the following episode. She then performed God Bless the Child, originally recorded by Billie Holiday, as part of the third week's focus on big band music, and Somebody Else's Guy, written and performed by Jocelyn Brown, on the fourth live show as part of disco week. After performing Endless Love by Lionel Richie and Diana Ross in the fifth week, White was voted off the show on 8 November, after a sing-off against Ruth Lorenzo. After her elimination, fans of White circulated a petition for broadcasting watchdog Ofcom to investigate phone", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13011244", "score": "0.9758431", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Georgia White", "text": "Georgia White Georgia White (March 9, 1903 – c.1980) was an African-American blues singer, most prolific in the 1930s and 1940s. Little is known of her early life, but it has been suggested that she was born in Sandersville, Georgia. By the late 1920s she was singing in clubs in Chicago. She made her first recording, \"When You're Smiling, the Whole World Smiles With You,\" with Jimmie Noone's orchestra in 1930. She returned to the studio in 1935, and over the next six years recorded over 100 tracks for Decca Records, usually accompanied by the pianist Richard M. Jones and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10943228", "score": "0.9752278", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song)", "text": "the album \"Have a Nice Day\" in 2005, \"Have a Nice Day\" has been performed live at every full-length Bon Jovi concert. At a concert held at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio on 10 May 2011, they performed the song, which, according to Kevin Joy of \"The Columbus Dispatch\", \"blended well into the mix\" of the other songs. At the performance, Jon Bon Jovi wore a vest and leather pants; guitarist Richie Sambora was absent from the concert. At a concert at FedEx Forum in Memphis, Tennessee attended by almost 16,000 people, Bon Jovi performed an \"underwhelming\" version of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9120694", "score": "0.9732324", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Praise Song for the Day", "text": "Praise Song for the Day \"Praise Song for the Day\" is an occasional poem written by the American poet Elizabeth Alexander and delivered at the 2009 presidential inauguration of President Barack Obama. The poem is the fourth to be delivered at a United States presidential inauguration, following in the tradition of recitals by Robert Frost (John F. Kennedy, 1961), Maya Angelou (Bill Clinton, 1993), and Miller Williams (Bill Clinton, 1997). It consists of fourteen unrhymed three-line stanzas (tercets) and a one-line coda. Delivered directly after Obama's inaugural address, it received a lukewarm response and was criticized as \"too prosaic.\" Graywolf", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12943428", "score": "0.9720824", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Kelly Clarkson's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale", "text": "else to give, she sings \"White Christmas\" to the people in the shelter. When she finishes, Chad tells her that he managed to get George Clooney on the phone and that he was available for the special. Much to his surprise, Kelly only wishes Merry Christmas to Clooney and hangs up. Meanwhile, a video of Kelly singing \"White Christmas\" has gone viral on YouTube, having more than 25 million views, and the fact is announced by Matt Lauer. When the celebrities who refused to participate in the special before see it, they call Kelly as they want to be a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17630389", "score": "0.970903", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)", "text": "chart. The song is notable for lead singer Patti LaBelle singing in a high whistle register vocal near the end of the song while backed up by her lower-octave singing partners. The group recorded an alternate version that same year. Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song) \"Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)\" is a doo-wop ballad recorded and released by girl group Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles in 1963. The song became a hit success for the Philadelphia-based vocal group following the controversial release of their \"debut hit\", 1962's \"I Sold My Heart to the Junkman\". By 1963, the controversy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13647453", "score": "0.97023785", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "Indian government" ]

[ { "title": "Maritime and Coastguard Agency", "text": "Maritime and Coastguard Agency The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom working to prevent the loss of lives at sea and is responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy. It is also responsible for land based search and rescue helicopter operations from 2015. Its responsibilities include coordinating search and rescue (SAR) on the coastline and at sea through Her Majesty's Coastguard (HMCG), ensuring that ships meet international and UK safety standards, monitoring and preventing coastal water pollution and testing and issuing Merchant Navy Certificates of Competency (licences) for ships'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5675323", "score": "1.008674", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Maritime and Coastguard Agency", "text": "officers and crew to STCW requirements. The organisation is led by Sir Alan Massey, its Chief Executive, who took up post in July 2010. The MCA are chiefly responsible for the syllabus and national training standards issued by the Merchant Navy Training Board (based at the UK Chamber of Shipping). The MCA has three distinct \"outward facing\" elements - provision of search and rescue and prevention activity through Her Majesty's Coastguard, port and flag state control of shipping through a network of Marine Offices and the development of international standards and policy for shipping through the International Maritime Organization. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5675324", "score": "0.98947024", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)", "text": "Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt) The Ministry of Civil Aviation of Egypt (MCA, ) is the ministry in charge of civil aviation in Egypt. The ministry sets civil aviation regulations, sets airworthiness and all flight rules, and air standards that must be met, making amendments, as needed. It ensures Egyptian airline and flight operations follow safety rules such as those put forth by International Aviation - European Common Aviation Area (ECAA). One of the ministry's most important duties is to conduct investigations of airplane crashes and to provide progress reports on such investigations. Then the ministry negotiates the resumption of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14994512", "score": "0.9689243", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Minerals Council of Australia", "text": "proven technology, affordability and safety. Minerals Council of Australia The Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) is an industry association, notable for representing companies that generate most of Australia's mining output. The MCA was founded in 1995. It used to be known as the Australian Mining Industry Council which was established in 1960. The Minerals Council is an associate member of the World Coal Association. In an effort to integrate sustainability concepts into the mining industry members of the Council must release sustainability reports. Annual reports into the mining industry's safety and health performance data are published to encourage continuous improvement.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12889733", "score": "0.9565991", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Maritime and Coastguard Agency", "text": "MCA has now established an automatic identification system (AIS) network around the UK coast, for real-time tracking and monitoring of shipping movements from the shore. Its motto is \"\"Safer Lives, Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas\"\". Maritime and Coastguard Agency The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom working to prevent the loss of lives at sea and is responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy. It is also responsible for land based search and rescue helicopter operations from 2015. Its responsibilities include coordinating search and rescue (SAR) on the coastline and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5675325", "score": "0.9552883", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Music Council of Australia", "text": "Dr Richard Letts, who has also been the President of the International Music Council since 2005. Music Council of Australia The Music Council of Australia (MCA) is a national peak music organisation for Australia. It is the official Australian representative to the UNESCO world peak music organization, the International Music Council (IMC), Paris. The MCA It is also a member of the International Network for Cultural Diversity (INCD), Ottawa. The 50-member council of the MCA includes nominees of major national music organisations and individual experts. It conducts research, gathers and disseminates information and undertakes advocacy on issues in the musical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13661706", "score": "0.9541098", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Communist Movement of Aragon", "text": "Communist Movement of Aragon Communist Movement of Aragón (in Spanish: \"Movimiento Comunista de Aragón\". MCA) was the federated political party of the Communist Movement (MC) in Aragón. The MCA was founded in 1976, as the continuation of the Communist Organization of Zaragoza Originally the MCA was a Maoist party, inspired by the Chinese Cultural Revolution, but over the years, specially after 1981-82, the organization gradually abandoned its previous ideologies (Orthodox Marxism, Leninism, Maoism) in favour of more heterodox forms of Marxism. The party was also supportive of the Feminist, Aragonese language, LGBT and \"Insurbordinate\" social movements. The MCA was founded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14224357", "score": "0.95229876", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Music Council of Australia", "text": "Music Council of Australia The Music Council of Australia (MCA) is a national peak music organisation for Australia. It is the official Australian representative to the UNESCO world peak music organization, the International Music Council (IMC), Paris. The MCA It is also a member of the International Network for Cultural Diversity (INCD), Ottawa. The 50-member council of the MCA includes nominees of major national music organisations and individual experts. It conducts research, gathers and disseminates information and undertakes advocacy on issues in the musical life of Australia it considers important. The Executive Director of the Music Council of Australia is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13661705", "score": "0.94982886", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Marie Curie Alumni Association", "text": "Assembly of 23 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium, with the support of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Education and Culture (DG EAC). The MCAA’s legal status is Association Internationale Sans But Lucratif (AISBL) – a non-profit international association. The Office is registered at Avenue des Arts 24 in Brussels, Belgium. The MCAA comprises three management bodies: The Board was elected at the General Assembly. Its members are: a Chair, two Vice-Chairs, a Treasurer, a Secretary and six Ordinary Board Members. The MCAA has ten working groups: MCAA Chapters The MCAA has many chapters, throughout Europe and globally, among them:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18112588", "score": "0.9459274", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ministry of Corporate Affairs", "text": "The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is an Indian government ministry. This Ministry is primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013, the Companies Act 1956, the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 & other allied Acts and rules & regulations framed there-under mainly for regulating the functioning of the corporate sector in accordance with law. It is responsible mainly for regulation of Indian enterprises in Industrial and Services sector. The current minister of corporate affairs is Arun Jaitley. The current Minister of State for Corporate Affairs is Mr. PP Choudhary.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mumbai Cricket Association", "text": "Mumbai Cricket Association The Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA; Marathi: मुंबई क्रिकेट संघ) is the governing body for cricket in Mumbai and its surrounding regions like Thane and Navi Mumbai. The jurisdiction of MCA includes the area up to Dahanu in the Western Suburbs, Badlapur in the Central Suburbs, and Navi Mumbai up to Kharghar. The association comes under west zone. The Association was established in 1930 and it has a Constitution. Sharad Pawar was re-elected as the president of Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA) after defeating Vijay Patil by a margin of 27 votes at the biennial elections held in Mumbai.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7469948", "score": "0.94380116", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Minerals Council of Australia", "text": "Minerals Council of Australia The Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) is an industry association, notable for representing companies that generate most of Australia's mining output. The MCA was founded in 1995. It used to be known as the Australian Mining Industry Council which was established in 1960. The Minerals Council is an associate member of the World Coal Association. In an effort to integrate sustainability concepts into the mining industry members of the Council must release sustainability reports. Annual reports into the mining industry's safety and health performance data are published to encourage continuous improvement. The Minerals Council spent $15.78", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12889730", "score": "0.94095665", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ministry of Corporate Affairs", "text": "In August 2013 The Companies Act, 2013 passed. It will regulate fraud by corporations and is intended to avoid the accounting scandals such as the Satyam scandal which have plagued India. It replaces The Companies Act, 1956 which has proven outmoded in terms of handling 21st century problems. The Ministry has constituted a Committee for framing of National Competition Policy (India) and related matters (formulate amendments in the Act) under the Chairmanship of Dhanendra Kumar, former Chairman of Competition Commission of India. Ministry of Corporate Affairs Official Website Ministry of Corporate Affairs The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9979625", "score": "0.93689317", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mason Contractors Association of America", "text": "Mason Contractors Association of America The Mason Contractors Association of America (MCAA) is the national trade association in the United States of America representing mason contractors. The MCAA is committed to preserving and promoting the masonry industry by providing continuing education, advocating fair codes and standards, fostering a safe work environment, recruiting future manpower, and marketing the benefits of masonry materials. The Mason Contractors Association of America has a full-time staff in Washington, D.C. representing the interests of MCAA members. The association works closely with key members of the United States Congress, United States federal departments such as the Department", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11002332", "score": "0.93496734", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mason Contractors Association of America", "text": "Masonry Quality Institute, and other critical topics such as Masonry Wall Bracing and Understanding Masonry Codes and Standards. The MCAA provides information on careers in masonry to the students and parents and high schools. The MCAA supports the establishment of both pre-apprentice and apprenticeship programs and assists local training programs to expand their on-going training efforts. The full board consists of a Chairman, Chairman Elect, Treasurer, Secretary and nine Regional Vice Presidents. In addition, State Chairmen serve for each state and thirteen Committees help drive the association. In 1950, a small group of mason contractors concerned about the well being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11002335", "score": "0.9338956", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "MCA21 Mission Mode Project", "text": "MCA21 Mission Mode Project MCA21 Mission Mode Project (MCA21) is the e-governance initiative from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. It is one of the 31Mision Mode Projects of the National e-Governance Plan. In the year 2002, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (then known as the Department of Company Affairs) was faced with the problem of providing services to nearly 7.5 lakh corporate entities. Vast amounts of paperwork was to be processed. This was to be expected because with globalization and interest shown by foreign companies in India, the number of documents being handled was constantly increasing even", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15499238", "score": "0.9310173", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt)", "text": "Civil Aviation, the Ministry of Tourism and other interested stakeholders discussed the roadblocks that ought to be addressed if the country is to develop the tourism sector near Taba, Egypt, where there is a small airport. Ministry of Civil Aviation (Egypt) The Ministry of Civil Aviation of Egypt (MCA, ) is the ministry in charge of civil aviation in Egypt. The ministry sets civil aviation regulations, sets airworthiness and all flight rules, and air standards that must be met, making amendments, as needed. It ensures Egyptian airline and flight operations follow safety rules such as those put forth by International", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14994514", "score": "0.9290692", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "McIntosh County Academy", "text": "70.6% graduating. McIntosh County Academy McIntosh County Academy (MCA) is the only public high school in McIntosh County, Georgia, United States. It was formerly known as Darien High School. In 1794, the city of Darien was given a charter to build a school. In 1820, a branch of the institution was created and classes were held at local churches. The actual school building was built in 1840 on the corner of Adam Street and Rittenhouse Street. On March 3, 1892, an intentional fire destroyed McIntosh County Academy. The city rebuilt a brick building on top of the remains of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13868377", "score": "0.92837477", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Mumbai Cricket Association", "text": "Pawar defeated Patil 172-145 in a straight contest for MCA president. Mumbai Cricket Association The Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA; Marathi: मुंबई क्रिकेट संघ) is the governing body for cricket in Mumbai and its surrounding regions like Thane and Navi Mumbai. The jurisdiction of MCA includes the area up to Dahanu in the Western Suburbs, Badlapur in the Central Suburbs, and Navi Mumbai up to Kharghar. The association comes under west zone. The Association was established in 1930 and it has a Constitution. Sharad Pawar was re-elected as the president of Mumbai Cricket Association (MCA) after defeating Vijay Patil by a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7469949", "score": "0.9266338", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "McIntosh County Academy", "text": "McIntosh County Academy McIntosh County Academy (MCA) is the only public high school in McIntosh County, Georgia, United States. It was formerly known as Darien High School. In 1794, the city of Darien was given a charter to build a school. In 1820, a branch of the institution was created and classes were held at local churches. The actual school building was built in 1840 on the corner of Adam Street and Rittenhouse Street. On March 3, 1892, an intentional fire destroyed McIntosh County Academy. The city rebuilt a brick building on top of the remains of the old school", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13868375", "score": "0.92497337", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Her Majesty's Coastguard", "text": "the casualty, provide first aid treatment if necessary and then recover the casualty to the top of the cliff, before transferring the casualty to the next level of care as required. The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency responsible throughout Britain for implementing the Government’s maritime safety policy. That includes initiating and co-ordinating search and rescue at sea or on the coast through Her Majesty’s Coastguard, checking that ships meet British and international safety rules and preventing coastal pollution. Typical emergencies to which the Coastguard is summoned include: Ships in distress or the public reporting an accident", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2756895", "score": "0.92294216", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mountains Christian Academy", "text": "Mountains Christian Academy Mountains Christian Academy (MCA) was a private school attached to a church community in Blackheath, New South Wales, Australia known as the Covenant Evangelical Church. This church was founded by Howard Carter in the mid-1980s, and the school was started to educate the children of the church. It originally began as a high school and eventually included kindergarten and primary when there were enough children. It followed an education system known as Accelerated Christian Education (ACE), which came from the United States of America. MCA was one of the first schools in Australia to implement this system", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8050914", "score": "0.91900206", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Communist Movement of Asturias", "text": "Communist Movement of Asturias Communist Movement of Asturias (in Asturian: \"Movimientu Comunista d'Asturies\". MCA) was the federated political party of the Communist Movement (MC) in Asturias. The MCA was founded in 1976. Originally the MCA was a Maoist party, inspired by the Chinese Cultural Revolution, but over the years, specially after 1981-82, the organization gradually abandoned its previous ideologies (Orthodox Marxism, Leninism, Maoism) in favour of more heterodox forms of Marxism. The party was also supportive of the Feminist, Asturian language, LGBT and \"Insurbordinate\" social movements. The MCA campaigned against the 1978 Spanish Constitution. In 1979 the Organization of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14224355", "score": "0.9141728", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Marie Curie Alumni Association", "text": "Marie Curie Alumni Association (MCAA) is an association of researchers who have benefitted or are benefiting from a Marie Curie Action (recently renamed “Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions” under the “Excellent Science” pillar of EU’s Horizon 2020 Programme for Research). Researchers on the verge of working on a Marie Curie project are also eligible to join. Supervisors and Coordinators of Marie Curie Projects are eligible to join. The main objective of the association is to provide its members with a space where they can share experiences and interests. Matthew DiFranco is the Chair of MCAA. The Association was created at the General", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18112587", "score": "0.91255844", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Marine Corps Association", "text": "Marine Corps Association The Marine Corps Association (often abbreviated MCA) is the professional organization for members of the United States Marine Corps and friends of the Corps. It is known for its publications \"Leatherneck Magazine\" and \"Marine Corps Gazette\". As of 2009, MCA became part of MCA&F, the Marine Corps Association & Foundation. The MCA occupies a similar role with respect to the Marine Corps that the United States Naval Institute does for the United States Navy, the Association of the United States Army does for the United States Army, and the Air Force Association does for the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11036235", "score": "0.90959847", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mason Contractors Association of America", "text": "Masonry Showcase, MCAA's annual tradeshow held as part of their convention to Hanley Wood, LLC. Under the terms of the agreement, MCAA will hold its annual convention concurrently with the World of Masonry. Mason Contractors Association of America The Mason Contractors Association of America (MCAA) is the national trade association in the United States of America representing mason contractors. The MCAA is committed to preserving and promoting the masonry industry by providing continuing education, advocating fair codes and standards, fostering a safe work environment, recruiting future manpower, and marketing the benefits of masonry materials. The Mason Contractors Association of America", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11002341", "score": "0.90496993", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Montgomery County Association for the Blind", "text": "Montgomery County Association for the Blind Montgomery County Association for the Blind (MCAB) is a private 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that provides vision rehabilitation services for individuals who are blind or visually impaired. MCAB primarily serves Montgomery County and Northern Chester County with some services available throughout the five county Philadelphia area. Located in North Wales, PA, MCAB is supported by donors, private foundations, corporations, special events, bequests and other gifts. MCAB is not a government agency and receives less than 5% of its funding from government sources. MCAB serves nearly 2400 blind and visually impaired persons. Since 1945, MCAB has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11052115", "score": "0.9019418", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Marine Corps Association", "text": "Air Force. The MCA is committed to supporting ALL Marines and fostering education and professionalism within the U.S. Marine Corps. It offers professional education programs, publications (the \"Gazette\" and \"Leatherneck\"), and other support to Marines. MCA provides events and services to Marines for which the Marine Corps cannot use appropriated funds and is the largest provider of awards to Marines in the world with over 9,000 provided annually. MCA hosts numerous events annually. These events include six awards dinners where Marines (active duty and reserve) and civilians are presented with more than 40 prestigious awards. The Leftwich Trophy, Hulbert Trophy,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11036236", "score": "0.8995352", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Content as a service", "text": "Content as a service Content as a service (CaaS) or managed content as a service (MCaaS) is a service-oriented model, where the service provider delivers the content on demand to the service consumer via web services that are licensed under subscription. The content is hosted by the service provider centrally in the cloud and offered to a number of consumers that need the content delivered into any applications or system, hence content can be demanded by the consumers as and when required. The content delivered typically could be one or more of the following The term \"content as a service\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19330553", "score": "0.89862764", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Metal Construction Association", "text": "with MCA activities. In 2002,MCA worked with the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Metal Building Manufacturers Association (among others) as part of the Steel Coalition. In 2004, MCA launched The Metal Initiative a program that educates decision makers and influencers in the commercial building market. Metal Construction Association The Metal Construction Association (MCA) was formed in 1984 with a focus on growing the use of metal in construction through marketing, education, and selective action on public policies that affect metal’s use in building projects. The concept of the MCA began in March 1983 when members of the now-defunct", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12647139", "score": "0.8938834", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "solids" ]

[ { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "fluid dynamics, the speed of sound in a fluid medium (gas or liquid) is used as a relative measure for the speed of an object moving through the medium. The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the fluid is called the object's Mach number. Objects moving at speeds greater than \"\" are said to be traveling at supersonic speeds. Sir Isaac Newton computed the speed of sound in air as , which is too low by about 15%. Newton's analysis was good save for neglecting the (then unknown) effect of rapidly-fluctuating temperature in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310737", "score": "1.1612786", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "as helium, sound propagates faster as compared to heavier gases such as xenon. For monatomic gases, the speed of sound is about 75% of the mean speed that the atoms move in that gas. For a given ideal gas the molecular composition is fixed, and thus the speed of sound depends only on its temperature. At a constant temperature, the gas pressure has no effect on the speed of sound, since the density will increase, and since pressure and density (also proportional to pressure) have equal but opposite effects on the speed of sound, and the two contributions cancel out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310751", "score": "1.1219915", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Liquid", "text": "a viscoelastic medium that shows both the elasticity of a solid and the fluidity of a liquid, depending on the time scale of observation or on the frequency of perturbation. The speed of sound in a fluid is given by formula_4 where \"K\" is the bulk modulus of the fluid, and \"ρ\" the density. To give a typical value, in fresh water \"c\"=1497 m/s at 25 °C. At a temperature below the boiling point, any matter in liquid form will evaporate until the condensation of gas above reach an equilibrium. At this point the gas will condense at the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12378293", "score": "1.1066928", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "the speed of sound in a fluid is given by where \"K\" is the bulk modulus of the fluid. In fresh water, sound travels at about at (see the External Links section below for online calculators). Applications of underwater sound can be found in sonar, acoustic communication and acoustical oceanography. In salt water that is free of air bubbles or suspended sediment, sound travels at about ( at , 10°C and 3% salinity by one method). The speed of sound in seawater depends on pressure (hence depth), temperature (a change of ~ ), and salinity (a change of 1‰ ~", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310781", "score": "1.0728451", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Compressible flow", "text": "speed of sound is the same in all directions in a uniform fluid, so these waves are simply concentric spheres. As the sound-generating point begins to accelerate, the sound waves \"bunch up\" in the direction of motion and \"stretch out\" in the opposite direction. When the point reaches sonic speed (M = 1), it travels at the same speed as the sound waves it creates. Therefore, an infinite number of these sound waves \"pile up\" ahead of the point, forming a Shock wave. Upon achieving supersonic flow, the particle is moving so fast that it continuously leaves its sound waves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1715592", "score": "1.0682708", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per second (1,234.8 km/h; 1,125 ft/s; 767 mph; 667 kn), or a kilometre in or a mile in . It depends strongly on temperature, but also varies by several meters per second due to which gases are present. The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310734", "score": "1.0660806", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "speed of sound of a monatomic gas goes up by a factor of This gives the 9% difference, and would be a typical ratio for speeds of sound at room temperature in helium vs. deuterium, each with a molecular weight of 4. Sound travels faster in helium than deuterium because adiabatic compression heats helium more since the helium molecules can store heat energy from compression only in translation, but not rotation. Thus helium molecules (monatomic molecules) travel faster in a sound wave and transmit sound faster. (Sound travels at about 70% of the mean molecular speed in gases; the figure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310767", "score": "1.0558331", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Sound", "text": "space. Note that the particles of the medium do not travel with the sound wave. This is intuitively obvious for a solid, and the same is true for liquids and gases (that is, the vibrations of particles in the gas or liquid transport the vibrations, while the \"average\" position of the particles over time does not change). During propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium. The behavior of sound propagation is generally affected by three things: When sound is moving through a medium that does not have constant physical properties, it may be refracted (either dispersed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12378556", "score": "1.0441979", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sound", "text": "the Newton–Laplace equation. In this equation, \"K\" is the elastic bulk modulus, \"c\" is the velocity of sound, and formula_7 is the density. Thus, the speed of sound is proportional to the square root of the ratio of the bulk modulus of the medium to its density. Those physical properties and the speed of sound change with ambient conditions. For example, the speed of sound in gases depends on temperature. In air at sea level, the speed of sound is approximately using the formula . In fresh water, also at 20 °C, the speed of sound is approximately . In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12378562", "score": "1.0368662", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "In common everyday speech, speed of sound refers to the speed of sound waves in air. However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance: sound travels most slowly in gases; it travels faster in liquids; and faster still in solids. For example, (as noted above), sound travels at 343 m/s in air; it travels at 1,484 m/s in water (4.3 times as fast as in air); and at 5,120 m/s in iron (about 15 times as fast as in air). In an exceptionally stiff material such as diamond, sound travels at 12,000 metres per second (26,843 mph); (about", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Liquid", "text": "as a linear medium, so that sound propagates without dissipation and without mode coupling. In reality, any liquid shows some dispersion: with increasing frequency, \"K\" crosses over from the low-frequency, liquid-like limit formula_6 to the high-frequency, solid-like limit formula_7. In normal liquids, most of this cross over takes place at frequencies between GHz and THz, sometimes called hypersound. At sub-GHz frequencies, a normal liquid cannot sustain shear waves: the zero-frequency limit of the shear modulus is formula_8. This is sometimes seen as the defining property of a liquid. However, just as the bulk modulus \"K\", the shear modulus \"G\" is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12378299", "score": "1.0337889", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "accurate over a wide range of conditions, but are far more complicated, e.g., that by V. A. Del Grosso and the Chen-Millero-Li Equation. The speed of sound in a plasma for the common case that the electrons are hotter than the ions (but not too much hotter) is given by the formula (see here) where In contrast to a gas, the pressure and the density are provided by separate species, the pressure by the electrons and the density by the ions. The two are coupled through a fluctuating electric field. When sound spreads out evenly in all directions in three", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310784", "score": "1.0266201", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "The standard equations for the speed of sound apply with reasonable accuracy only to situations in which the wavelength of the soundwave is considerably longer than the mean free path of molecules in a gas. The molecular composition of the gas contributes both as the mass (M) of the molecules, and their heat capacities, and so both have an influence on speed of sound. In general, at the same molecular mass, monatomic gases have slightly higher speed of sound (over 9% higher) because they have a higher \"γ\" (...) than diatomics do (). Thus, at the same molecular mass, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310766", "score": "1.0183606", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Gas meter", "text": "the speed at which sound travels in the gaseous medium within the pipe. American Gas Association Report No. 9 covers the proper usage and installation of these meters, and it specifies a standardised speed-of-sound calculation which predicts the speed of sound in a gas with a known pressure, temperature, and composition. The most elaborate types of ultrasonic flow meters average speed of sound over multiple paths in the pipe. The length of each path is precisely measured in the factory. Each path consists of an ultrasonic transducer at one end and a sensor at the other. The meter creates a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4467414", "score": "1.0174456", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Hot chocolate effect", "text": "in the liquid and the frequency increases. The phenomenon is explained by the effect of bubble density on the speed of sound in the liquid. The note heard is the frequency of a standing wave where a quarter wavelength is the distance between the base of the mug and the liquid surface. This frequency \"f\" is equal to the speed \"v\" of the wave divided by four times the height of the water column h: The speed of sound \"v\" in a homogeneous liquid or gas is dependent on the fluid's mass density (formula_2) and Adiabatic Bulk modulus (formula_3), according", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9950084", "score": "1.0169282", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Rocket engine", "text": "the speed of sound in air is about 340 m/s while the speed of sound in the hot gas of a rocket engine can be over 1700 m/s; much of this performance is due to the higher temperature, but additionally rocket propellants are chosen to be of low molecular mass, and this also gives a higher velocity compared to air. Expansion in the rocket nozzle then further multiplies the speed, typically between 1.5 and 2 times, giving a highly collimated hypersonic exhaust jet. The speed increase of a rocket nozzle is mostly determined by its area expansion ratio—the ratio of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1904967", "score": "1.0127791", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Water", "text": "poise at , and the speed of sound in liquid water ranges between depending on temperature. Sound travels long distances in water with little attenuation, especially at low frequencies (roughly 0.03 dB/km for 1 kHz), a property that is exploited by cetaceans and humans for communication and environment sensing (sonar). Metallic elements which are more electropositive than hydrogen such as lithium, sodium, calcium, potassium and caesium displace hydrogen from water, forming hydroxides and releasing hydrogen. At high temperatures, carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide. Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "462216", "score": "1.0110929", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "of glass or optical fiber. Thus, the sound is confined in essentially two dimensions. In two dimensions the intensity drops in proportion to only the inverse of the distance. This allows waves to travel much further before being undetectably faint. A similar effect occurs in the atmosphere. Project Mogul successfully used this effect to detect a nuclear explosion at a considerable distance. Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310786", "score": "1.0011218", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "with the stiffness (the resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force) of the material and decreases with an increase in density. For ideal gases, the bulk modulus \"K\" is simply the gas pressure multiplied by the dimensionless adiabatic index, which is about 1.4 for air under normal conditions of pressure and temperature. For general equations of state, if classical mechanics is used, the speed of sound \"c\" is given by where If relativistic effects are important, the speed of sound is calculated from the relativistic Euler equations. In a non-dispersive medium, the speed of sound is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310747", "score": "0.9935249", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jeans instability", "text": "gaseous sound speed formula_10. The gas is compressed slightly and it takes a time for sound waves to cross the region and attempt to push back and re-establish the system in pressure balance. At the same time, gravity will attempt to contract the system even further, and will do so on a free-fall time, where formula_6 is the universal gravitational constant, formula_14 is the gas density within the region, and formula_15 is the gas number density for mean mass per particle (formula_16 g is appropriate for molecular hydrogen with 20% helium by number). When the sound-crossing time is less than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7583103", "score": "0.9921313", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Compressible flow", "text": "Mach angle. Above about Mach 5, these wave angles grow so small that a different mathematical approach is required, defining the Hypersonic speed regime. Finally, at speeds comparable to that of planetary atmospheric entry from orbit, in the range of several km/s, the speed of sound is now comparatively so slow that it is once again mathematically ignored in the Hypervelocity regime. As an object accelerates from subsonic toward supersonic speed in a gas, different types of wave phenomena occur. To illustrate these changes, the next figure shows a stationary point (M = 0) that emits symmetric sound waves. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1715591", "score": "0.98926324", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Solid nitrogen", "text": "is given by 2×10\"T\" − 0.0002\"T\" + 0.006 K. The index of refraction at 6328 Å is 1.25 and hardly varies with temperature. The speed of sound in solid nitrogen is 1452 m/s at 20 K and 1222 m/s at 44 K. The longitudinal velocity ranges from 1850 m/s at 5 K to 1700 m/s at 35 K. With temperature rise the nitrogen changes phase and the longitudinal velocity drops rapidly over a small temperature range to below 1600 m/s and then it slowly drops to 1400 m/s near the melting point. The transverse velocity is much lower ranging from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19043111", "score": "0.9770078", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Sound particle", "text": "Sound particle In the context of particle displacement and velocity, a sound particle is an imaginary infinitesimal volume of a medium that shares the movement of the medium in response to the presence of sound at a specified point or in a specified region. Sound particles are not molecules in the physical or chemical sense; they do not have defined physical or chemical properties, or the temperature-dependent kinetic behaviour of ordinary molecules. Sound particles are, then, indefinitely small (small compared to the wavelength of sound) so that their movement truly represents the movement of the medium in their locality. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8652704", "score": "0.9757774", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Gas meter", "text": "'ping' with the transducer and measures the time elapsed before the sensor receives the sonic pulse. Some of these paths point upstream so that the sum of the times of flight of the sonic pulses can be divided by the sum of the flight lengths to provide an average speed of sound in the upstream direction. This speed differs from the speed of sound in the gas by the velocity at which the gas is moving in the pipe. The other paths may be identical or similar, except that the sound pulses travel downstream. The meter then compares the difference", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4467415", "score": "0.97537684", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Shaped charge", "text": "depends on bulk sound velocity in the liner material, the time to particulation is dependent on the ductility of the material. The maximum achievable jet velocity is roughly 2.34 times the sound velocity in the material. The speed can reach 10 km/s, peaking some 40 microseconds after detonation; the cone tip is subjected to acceleration of about 25 million g. The jet tail reaches about 2–5 km/s. The pressure between the jet tip and the target can reach one terapascal. The immense pressure makes the metal flow like a liquid, though x-ray diffraction has shown the metal stays solid; one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "480163", "score": "0.97233844", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Light-gas gun", "text": "diminishing amounts as the projectiles speed increases. The speed of sound in helium is about three times that in air, and in hydrogen 3.8 times that in air. The speed of sound also increases with the temperature of the fluid (but is independent of the pressure), so the heat formed by the compression of the working fluid serves to increase the maximum possible speed. Spring piston airguns increase the temperature of the air in the chamber by adiabatic heating; this raises the local speed of sound enough to overcome frictional and other efficiency losses and propel the projectile at more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4186187", "score": "0.9715028", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Liquid sound", "text": "fast as through the air. Due to its higher speed, the sound seems to be coming from everywhere. \"Liquid Sound combines the knowledge of modern medicine: relaxation techniques, mind technology, balneotherapy, with art (music and architecture), and bathing pleasure (whirlpools, steambaths, sauna landscapes, inhaling, sun parlors, restaurants, etc.)\" However, no therapeutic benefits have as yet been proven. Liquid sound Liquid Sound is a method of attaining underwater sound reproduction of music or meditative sonorities in swimming pools, combined with lighting effects. It is also an official trademark belonging to its inventor Micky Remann, a writer and musician living in Frankfurt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16231033", "score": "0.970006", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Speed of sound", "text": "for the molar gas constant in J/mole/Kelvin, and for the mean molar mass of air, in kg; and using the ideal diatomic gas value of , we have Finally, Taylor expansion of the remaining square root in formula_4 yields The above derivation includes the first two equations given in the \"Practical formula for dry air\" section above. The speed of sound varies with temperature. Since temperature and sound velocity normally decrease with increasing altitude, sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source. Wind shear of 4 m/(s ·", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1310762", "score": "0.9695946", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Light-gas gun", "text": "thermodynamic analysis suggests that the muzzle velocity is limited to the speed of sound. However, beyond the speed of sound, the kinetic theory of gases, which determines the speed of sound, provides a more detailed analysis in terms of the gas particles that comprise the working fluid. Kinetic theory indicates that the velocity of the gas particles is Maxwell-Boltzmann distributed, with the velocity of a large fraction of the particles exceeding the speed of sound in the gas. That fraction of the gas can continue to apply pressure to and therefore accelerate the projectile beyond the speed of sound in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4186186", "score": "0.9687978", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Particle velocity", "text": "is travelling as it passes. Particle velocity should not be confused with the speed of the wave as it passes through the medium, i.e. in the case of a sound wave, particle velocity is not the same as the speed of sound. The wave moves relatively fast, while the particles oscillate around their original position with a relatively small particle velocity. Particle velocity should also not be confused with the velocity of individual molecules. In applications involving sound, the particle velocity is usually measured using a logarithmic decibel scale called particle velocity level. Mostly pressure sensors (microphones) are used to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2749967", "score": "0.96657133", "original_retrieval_index": 41 } ]

[ "1,228 km/h" ]

[ { "title": "ThrustSSC", "text": "ThrustSSC ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car is a British jet-propelled car developed by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers, Reece Liebenberg, Joshua Hambury and Jeremy Bliss. Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record, set on 15 October 1997, when it achieved a speed of and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. As part of the Museum's redevelopment project, both cars were relocated by specialist haulier from their position in the Museum's Spirit of Speed Gallery to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1794448", "score": "1.0523107", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Supersonic transport", "text": "high jet velocities used during take-off, and even more importantly flying over communities near the airport. SST engines need a fairly high specific thrust (net thrust/airflow) during supersonic cruise, to minimize engine cross-sectional area and, thereby, nacelle drag. Unfortunately this implies a high jet velocity, which makes the engines noisy which causes problems particularly at low speeds/altitudes and at take-off. Therefore, a future SST might well benefit from a variable cycle engine, where the specific thrust (and therefore jet velocity and noise) is low at take-off, but is forced high during supersonic cruise. Transition between the two modes would occur", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1701465", "score": "0.96284485", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Thrust-specific fuel consumption", "text": "indicated by a simplistic look at the table below. SFC varies with throttle setting,altitude and climate. For jet engines, flight speed also has a significant effect upon SFC; SFC is roughly proportional to air speed (actually exhaust velocity), but speed along the ground is also proportional to air speed. Since work done is force times distance, mechanical power is force times speed. Thus, although the nominal SFC is a useful measure of fuel efficiency, it should be divided by speed to get a way to compare engines that fly at different speeds. For example, Concorde cruised at 1354 mph, or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1472503", "score": "0.957858", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ship-to-Shore Connector", "text": "in spare parts storage to those ships that will operate both the aircraft and the hovercraft. Top speed will be . A simpler and more efficient drive train using one gearbox is on each side for less parts and maintenance and higher reliability. The SSC has a designed lifetime of 30 years. The 10th SSC to be delivered will have the capability to launch vehicles into the water rather than need to go all the way to the beach, after which that ability will be retrofitted to the previous nine vessels. Ship-to-Shore Connector The Ship-to-Shore Connector (SSC) is a system", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14915468", "score": "0.95578796", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Tupolev Tu-144", "text": "the Myasischev SST had shown that a cruise specific fuel consumption (SFC) of not more than 1.2 kg/kgp hr would be required. The only engine available in time with the required thrust and suitable for testing and perfecting the aircraft was the afterburning Kuznetsov NK-144 turbofan with a cruise SFC of 1.58 kg/kgp hr. Development of an alternative engine to meet the SFC requirement, a non-afterburning turbojet, the Kolesov RD-36-51A, began in 1964. It took a long time for this engine to achieve acceptable SFC and reliability. In the meantime the NK-144 high SFC gave a limited range of about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "420313", "score": "0.9494959", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "SSC Aero", "text": "in anticipation of the SSC Ultimate Aero production vehicle. Wind tunnel testing indicated that the Ultimate Aero could theoretically reach a top speed of given appropriate transmission gear ratios, although the supplied transmission would result in at the car's redline. The base Aero, however, had a theoretical top speed of about . The Ultimate Aero accelerates from 0–96 km/h in 2.78 seconds, slower than the Bugatti Veyron which achieves 0–96 km/h in 2.46 seconds partially due to its AWD drivetrain. Styling of the Aero includes the use of butterfly doors similar to those found on the McLaren F1 and Enzo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6715705", "score": "0.9485227", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "SSC Aero", "text": "for the fastest production car, after it was officially timed at in Washington. For 2008, the Ultimate Aero received four updates: In 2009, SSC updated the Ultimate Aero TT, with the new version having an increase in power of 15% over the older model. SSC predicts a top speed of over is possible. In order to prevent the engine from overheating, airflow to the engine has been increased 20% with new carbon fiber louvers. The nose has been redesigned to make the car more aerodynamic, and the interior has been redesigned. The new Aero also has a new AeroBrake system,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6715708", "score": "0.94058377", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "ThrustSSC", "text": "released the following message: The complete run history is available. In 1983 Richard Noble had broken the world land speed record with his earlier car Thrust2, which reached a speed of 1,019 km/h (633 mph). The date of Andy Green's record came exactly a half century and one day after Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in Earth's atmosphere, with the Bell X-1 research rocket plane on 14 October 1947. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. Thrust SSC is housed in a barrel-roofed hall. Visitors can board the pit trailer from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1794452", "score": "0.9404204", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Thrust-specific fuel consumption", "text": "7.15 million feet per hour, with its engines giving an SFC of 1.195 lb/(lbf·h) (see below); this means the engines transferred 5.98 million foot pounds per pound of fuel (17.9 MJ/kg), equivalent to an SFC of 0.50 lb/(lbf·h) for a subsonic aircraft flying at 570 mph, which would be better than even modern engines; the Olympus 593 used in the Concorde was the world's most efficient jet engine. However, Concorde ultimately has a heavier airframe and, due to being supersonic, is less aerodynamically efficient, i.e., the lift to drag ratio is far lower. In general, the total fuel burn of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1472504", "score": "0.9225578", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "ThrustSSC", "text": "Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record, set on 15 October 1997, when it achieved a speed of 1,228 km/h (763 mph) and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Specific thrust", "text": "level, and to achieve low fuel consumption, because a low specific thrust helps to improve specific fuel consumption (SFC). This low specific thrust is usually achieved with a high bypass ratio. Additionally a low specific thrust implies that the engine is relatively large in diameter, for the net thrust it generates. Consequently, such aircraft engines are normally located externally, in a separate nacelle or pod, attached to the wing, or the rear fuselage. By contrast, military turbofans often feature fairly high specific thrust (45-110 lbf/(lb/s)), which keeps the cross-sectional area of the engine low to more easily accommodate a narrow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9000770", "score": "0.91459626", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jet engine performance", "text": "constant above 11,000 m (36,089 ft) altitude, at a fixed non-dimensional point the Husk plot would yield no change in SFC with increasing altitude. In reality, there would be a small, steady, increase in SFC, owing to the falling Reynolds number. The nominal net thrust quoted for a jet engine usually refers to the Sea Level Static (SLS) condition, either for the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or a hot day condition (e.g. ISA+10 °C). As an example, the GE90-76B has a take-off static thrust of 76,000 lbf (360 kN) at SLS, ISA+15 °C. Naturally, net thrust will decrease with altitude,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6773561", "score": "0.90821224", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "SSC Aero", "text": "which is a spoiler that rises up to when the brake is pressed. This updated model reached a top speed of in a test, according to SSC. In 2009, SSC announced that they would be commencing production of the Ultimate Aero EV, an electrically-powered version of the Ultimate Aero. This car featured twin electric motors, claimed to be capable of producing , and of torque, which was transmitted through a three-speed automatic transmission. SSC claimed that the car would be able to accelerate from in 2.5 seconds, and reach a top speed of . However, the car never entered production.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6715709", "score": "0.9073953", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "SSC North America", "text": "of 1350 hp and a maximum output of 1700 hp. 2012 - Shelby SuperCars changes their name to SSC North America as a result of a settlement with Carroll Shelby Licensing and Carroll Shelby International. August 2012 - SSC announces a special edition of the SSC Ultimate Aero called XT. With the new SSC Tuatara on its way, SSC is retiring the SSC Ultimate Aero ending its production with a limited special edition. To celebrate its run SSC is launching the final special edition named SSC Ultimate Aero XT. The car will be built in a limited run of just", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6731005", "score": "0.90721804", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Eurojet EJ200", "text": "compared in detail and GE Aviation was declared as the lower bidder. On 20 January 2015 ASELSAN of Turkey and Eurojet Turbo GmbH signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on the EJ200 military turbofan engine programme. It is envisaged that the collaboration would produce a derivative of the EJ200 with thrust vectoring for use in Turkey's TFX 5th generation air superiority fighter programme. An EJ200 engine, together with a rocket engine, will power the Bloodhound SSC for an attempt at the land speed record. The target speed is at least 1000 mph. Stage 1: Stage 2: Eurojet EJ200 The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2917779", "score": "0.9042456", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Specific thrust", "text": "Specific thrust Specific thrust is the thrust per unit air mass flowrate of a jet engine (e.g. turbojet, turbofan, etc.) and can be calculated by the ratio of net thrust/total intake airflow. Low specific thrust engines tend to be more efficient of propellant (at subsonic speeds), but also have a lower effective exhaust velocity and lower maximum airspeed. Engines considered to have high specific thrust are mostly used for supersonic speeds, and extremely high specific thrust engines can achieve hypersonic speeds. A modern civil turbofan has a low specific thrust (~30 lbf/(lb/s)) to keep the jet noise at an acceptable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9000769", "score": "0.899809", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Williams FJ44", "text": "consumption at 1900 lbf (8.45 kN) thrust at SLS, ISA is understood to be 0.456 lb/(hr lbf). A derated version, the 1500 lbf (6.67 kN) thrust FJ44-1C has an SFC of 0.460 lb/(hr lbf). An uprated version, the 2300 lbf (10.23 kN) thrust FJ44-2A, was introduced in 1997. It has a larger 21.7 in (551 mm) diameter fan, with two additional booster stages to increase core flow. Owing to stressing considerations, the centrifugal compressor is throttled-back aerodynamically to a lower HPC pressure ratio than the -1. Other features include an exhaust mixer and an electronic fuel control unit. The 2400", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6841147", "score": "0.89954436", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Jet engine performance", "text": "performance (e.g. compressor efficiency). When plotted, the resultant curve is known as a thrust/SFC loop. A family of these curves can be generated at Sea Level, Standard Day, conditions over a range of flight speeds. A Husk Plot (RHS) can be developed using this family of curves. The net thrust scale is simply relabeled formula_150, where formula_151 is relative ambient pressure, whilst the SFC scale is relabeled formula_152, where formula_153 is relative ambient temperature. The resulting plot can be used to estimate engine net thrust and SFC at any altitude, flight speed and climate for a range of throttle setting.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6773559", "score": "0.898952", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Bloodhound SSC", "text": "Bloodhound SSC Bloodhound SSC is a British supersonic land vehicle. Its goal is to match or exceed , achieving a new world land speed record. The pencil-shaped car, powered by a jet engine and a rocket engine, is designed to reach . It is being developed and built with the intention of breaking the land speed record by 33 per cent, the largest ever margin. Runway testing of up to occurred on 26, 28 and 30 October 2017 in Newquay, Cornwall. Bloodhound SSC will then be tested on the Hakskeen Pan in the Mier area of the Northern Cape, South", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12600487", "score": "0.89218724", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Supersonic speed", "text": "Africa with the Bloodhound SSC hybrid jet- and rocket-propelled car. Supersonic aerodynamics is simpler than subsonic aerodynamics because the airsheets at different points along the plane often cannot affect each other. Supersonic jets and rocket vehicles require several times greater thrust to push through the extra aerodynamic drag experienced within the transonic region (around Mach 0.85–1.2). At these speeds aerospace engineers can gently guide air around the fuselage of the aircraft without producing new shock waves, but any change in cross area farther down the vehicle leads to shock waves along the body. Designers use the Supersonic area rule and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "715685", "score": "0.89169574", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Thrust", "text": "a jet engine is determined from its thrust as follows. Power is the force (F) it takes to move something over some distance (d) divided by the time (t) it takes to move that distance: In case of a rocket or a jet aircraft, the force is exactly the thrust (T) produced by the engine. If the rocket or aircraft is moving at about a constant speed, then distance divided by time is just speed, so power is thrust times speed: This formula looks very surprising, but it is correct: the \"propulsive power\" (or \"power available\" ) of a jet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "487543", "score": "0.8909769", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Thrust-specific fuel consumption", "text": "a complete aircraft is of far more importance to the customer. The following table gives the efficiency for several engines when running at 80% throttle, which is approximately what is used in cruising, giving a minimum SFC. The efficiency is the amount of power propelling the plane divided by the rate of energy consumption. Since the power equals thrust times speed, the efficiency is given by where V is speed and h is the energy content per unit mass of fuel (probably the lower heating value is used here). Thrust-specific fuel consumption Thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) is the fuel efficiency", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1472505", "score": "0.88722825", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Jet engine performance", "text": "Selecting a point on the plot, net thrust is calculated as follows: formula_154 Clearly, net thrust falls with altitude, because of the decrease in ambient pressure. The corresponding SFC is calculated as follows: formula_155 At a given point on the Husk Plot, SFC falls with decreasing ambient temperature (e.g. increasing altitude or colder climate).The basic reason why SFC increases with flight speed is the implied increase in ram drag. Although a Husk Plot is a concise way of summarizing the performance of a jet engine, the predictions obtained at altitude will be slightly optimistic. For instance, because ambient temperature remains", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6773560", "score": "0.8868039", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Thrust vectoring", "text": "Thrust vectoring Thrust vectoring, also thrust vector control or TVC, is the ability of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s) in order to control the attitude or angular velocity of the vehicle. In rocketry and ballistic missiles that fly outside the atmosphere, aerodynamic control surfaces are ineffective, so thrust vectoring is the primary means of attitude control. For aircraft, the method was originally envisaged to provide upward vertical thrust as a means to give aircraft vertical (VTOL) or short (STOL) takeoff and landing ability. Subsequently, it was realized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2941883", "score": "0.88604486", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Aviadvigatel PS-90", "text": "has the same thrust rating as the PS-90A, 16000 kgf (157 kN, 35,300 lbf) thrust. It is also capable of 18000 kgf (176 kN, 39,600 lbf) thrust. Future American involvement in engine development has been put in doubt after unwelcome attempts to block sale of PS-90A2 engines to a major Iranian customer for the type. This is a version of the PS-90A2 intended for the Beriev A-42 search and rescue aircraft. According to the manufacturer, it is a modification of the PS-90A2. It was certified in January 2011 and intended to power the Tupolev Tu-204SM aircraft. It is unclear whether", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2778752", "score": "0.8848103", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "SS.12/AS.12", "text": "other is a sustainer motor that burns for 28 seconds. The booster motor exhausts through two nozzles on the sides near the trailing edge of the wings and the sustainer motor exhaust is located in the missile rear at the centre. The wings are positioned at an angle of one degree to the direction of flight so that the missile spins, giving it stability. Two rearward-facing flares, which ignite on launch, make the missile more visible to the operator during flight. The two flares are mounted on the opposite side of the booster nozzles between the wings so as not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5871173", "score": "0.8844803", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Supersonic transport", "text": "of sound, as the aircraft is using twice the thrust to travel at about the same speed. The \"relative\" effect is reduced as the aircraft accelerates to higher speeds. Offsetting this increase in fuel use was the potential to greatly increase sortie rates of the aircraft, at least on medium and long-range flights where the aircraft spends a considerable amount of time in cruise. SST designs flying at least three times as fast as existing subsonic transports were possible, and would thus be able to replace as many as three planes in service, and thereby lower costs in terms of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1701440", "score": "0.88433087", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Thrust", "text": "or not. Now, imagine the strong chain is broken, and the jet and the piston aircraft start to move. At low speeds: The piston engine will have constant 100% power, and the propeller's thrust will vary with speed The jet engine will have constant 100% thrust, and the engine's power will vary with speed If a powered aircraft is generating thrust T and experiencing drag D, the difference between the two, T − D, is termed the excess thrust. The instantaneous performance of the aircraft is mostly dependent on the excess thrust. Excess thrust is a vector and is determined", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "487545", "score": "0.8832228", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "SSC North America", "text": "is complete 2018 - SSC North America announces release of 2019 SSC Tuatara at Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. The first prototype SSC Ultimate Aero was completed in 2004. The two original prototypes were equipped with a supercharged 377.6 cu in (6,188 cc) Chevrolet Corvette C5R V8 engine. The supercharged engines originally produced 782 horsepower but were eventually modified to produce up to 908 horsepower with theoretical top speeds of up to 242 mph (390 km/h). Following the original two prototypes, SSC replaced the supercharged engine with a new twin-turbo V8 that eventually produced 1,287 horsepower. The twin-turbo setup can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6731007", "score": "0.8827363", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "SSC North America", "text": "found in the majority of the SSC Ultimate Aero's produced. On September 13, 2007 the Ultimate Aero became the world's fastest production car as certified by Guinness World Records with a top speed of 256.18 mph averaged over two runs in opposite directions. In 2013, SSC North America announced they were going to produce a limited number of SSC Ultimate Aero XT's. This vehicle was an upgraded Ultimate Aero and included many features from the Tuatara. These features include a 1,300 horsepower version of the Tuatara twin-turbo charged V8, a 7-speed Tuatara paddle shifter transmission, and upgrade cooling, fuel, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6731008", "score": "0.8798587", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Theodore Roosevelt", "President Theodore Roosevelt" ]

[ { "title": "Omar Torrijos", "text": "Panama Canal. The two treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. On December 31, 1999, the final phase of the treaty, the US relinquished control of the Panama Canal and all areas in what had been the Panama Canal Zone. His son Martín Torrijos was elected president and served from 2004 to 2009. Torrijos was born in Santiago in the province of Veraguas, the sixth of eleven children. His father, José Maria Torrijos, was originally from Colombia, and was employed as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "881694", "score": "1.157747", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Italians in Panama", "text": "route for the construction of the Canal and in his studies recommended the route of the isthmus of Panama over the routes suggested by the isthmus of Tehuantepec and Nicaragua. During the isthmus canal project and construction continued to arrive eminent Italians from scientists, artists, priests and merchants, to craftsmen and laborers. They founded families whose descendants were quickly integrated the dynamic process of formation of the Panamanian nationality. One was elected President of Panama in 1949 and 1960: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (March 2, 1905 in Panama City – March 1, 1981) was the President of Panama in 1949", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20688229", "score": "1.1466442", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Goethals Monument", "text": "from which the waters of Gatun Lake reach the oceans. Goethals Monument The Goethals Monument in Panama City, Panama was constructed in honor of George Washington Goethals the chief engineer of the Panama Canal and United States Army General. He also was the and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army in WWI. It was designed by Alfred P. Shaw of Chicago and was built by the \"Martinz de Panamá\" construction company. The monument is a white Vermont marble construction and was revealed to the public on March 31, 1954. Its central high part symbolizes the Continental Divide", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20463759", "score": "1.1455855", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Florencio Harmodio Arosemena", "text": "Arias Feraud and Juana Velásquez Rodriguez. August 30, 1945 died. Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Guillén (17 September 1872, Panama City – 30 August 1945, Manhattan) is 6th President of Panama from October 1, 1928 to January 3, 1931. He belonged to the Liberal Party. He was born in Panama September 17, 1872, son of Florencio Arosemena De Alba and of Clara Guillén. At the early age of 11 He was sent to study first in Germany, where his father sent him by considering him of an upper intelligence. Panamanian President Florencio Arosemena was an accomplished civil engineer who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5462055", "score": "1.1405883", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované", "text": "Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované (August 20, 1882 – February 23, 1971), served as 7th President of Panama from January 16, 1931 to June 5, 1932. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Dr. Alfaro was born in Panama. He began a career in the diplomatic service in 1905 as under-secretary for foreign affairs. He was first assigned to the U.S. in 1912 as legal counselor of the Panamanian legation for the Panama-Costa Rica border dispute. Dr. Alfaro was also involved in settling numerous disputes arising from the construction of the Panama Canal. From 1915 to 1918, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5462043", "score": "1.1305203", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Ferdinand de Lesseps", "text": "Noury, and voted in favor of the creation of a Panama Canal, which was to be without locks, like the Suez Canal. De Lesseps was appointed President of the Panama Canal Company, despite the fact that he had reached the age of 74. It was on this occasion that Gambetta bestowed upon him the title of \"Le Grand Français\". However, the decision to dig a Panama Canal at sea level to avoid the use of locks, and the inability of contemporary medical science to deal with epidemics of malaria and yellow fever, doomed the project. In February 1880, de Lesseps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2098474", "score": "1.128104", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Goethals Monument", "text": "Goethals Monument The Goethals Monument in Panama City, Panama was constructed in honor of George Washington Goethals the chief engineer of the Panama Canal and United States Army General. He also was the and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army in WWI. It was designed by Alfred P. Shaw of Chicago and was built by the \"Martinz de Panamá\" construction company. The monument is a white Vermont marble construction and was revealed to the public on March 31, 1954. Its central high part symbolizes the Continental Divide and the piles on the sides represent the Canal locks,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20463758", "score": "1.1214137", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "William Arnold Carter", "text": "as Panama Canal Zone Governor from 1960 to 1962. He died on May 18, 1996 in Washington, D.C. William Arnold Carter William Arnold Carter (June 27, 1907 – May 18, 1996) was the Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1960 to 1962. He was born in Corsicana, Texas on June 27, 1907 to William Arnold Carter and Susan Young. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1930. In 1933 he earned a B.S. in civil engineering from University of California. His World War II service included being chief engineer of the II Corps in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6758098", "score": "1.1168766", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Federico Boyd", "text": "presented a petition to obtain a delay on the negotiations with the French Government to build a Panama Canal. Later on, his intervention made possible a negotiation with the U.S. Government for the construction of an interoceanic canal through the Isthmus of Panama. Boyd died in New York City on May 25, 1924. He is remembered as one of the founding fathers of Panama. Federico Boyd Federico Augusto Boyd López (24 September 1851 – 25 May 1924) was acting President of Panama from October 1, 1910 to October 5, 1910. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Boyd was born in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5462177", "score": "1.1091456", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Panama Canal", "text": "renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the canal. The treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate on March 14, 1903, but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it. Bunau-Varilla told President Theodore Roosevelt and Hay of a possible revolt by Panamanian rebels who aimed to separate from Colombia, and hoped that the United States would support the rebels with U.S. troops and money. Roosevelt changed tactics, based in part on the Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty of 1846, and actively supported the separation of Panama from Colombia and, shortly after recognizing Panama, signed a treaty with the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Presidency of William Howard Taft", "text": "percent) to Bryan's 6,412,294 (43.1 percent); Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs won 420,793 votes (2.8 percent). Nellie Taft said regarding the campaign, \"There was nothing to criticize, except his not knowing or caring about the way the game of politics is played.\" Longtime White House usher Ike Hoover recalled that Taft came often to see Roosevelt during the campaign, but seldom between the election and Inauguration Day, March 4, 1909. While president-elect Taft travelled to Panama (January 29 – February 7, 1909), where he inspected construction of Panama Canal and met with President José Domingo de Obaldía. Taft was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11228778", "score": "1.105315", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Arnulfo Arias", "text": "Panama has ceded its territory to the United States to construct the Canal, Panama also can cede territory to the Germany of Adolf Hitler so they can construct here what they wish and can help us against Imperialism.\" He was ousted in October 1941, in a coup supported by the United States. He ran for president again in 1948 as the candidate of a coalition of his party and the Authentic Revolutionary Party and lost. However, a year later the National Assembly declared that he had actually won. He suspended the constitution and set up a secret police force. Corruption", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1768486", "score": "1.0955718", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Panama during World War II", "text": "food and other goods, thus helping to spur activity in Panama's agricultural industry. Elected in 1940, Arnulfo Arias was the President of Panama during two of the first years of the war. He was an overt fascist and regarded as pro-Axis by the Allies for his hostility to the United States and his eagerness to limit American influence over his territory. In 1939, the United States military requested 999-year leases from the Republic of Panama to build over 100 sites outside the Canal Zone – such as airfields, anti-aircraft batteries, and warning stations – which would be used for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17471210", "score": "1.0919011", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Panama Canal", "text": "Engineers, was assigned one of the most difficult parts: excavating the Culebra Cut through the continental divide to connect Gatun Lake to the Pacific Panama Canal locks. On October 10, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson sent a signal from the White House by telegraph which triggered the explosion that destroyed the Gamboa Dike. This flooded the Culebra Cut, thereby joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the Panama Canal. (a floating crane built by Lobnitz & Company and launched in 1887) was the first self-propelled vessel to transit the canal from ocean to ocean. This vessel crossed the canal from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "334991", "score": "1.0886705", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Edward Gaskin", "text": "Silver Panama Canal Honorary Public Service Award from President Ronald Reagan, in recognition of his struggle and his service to the Isthmian Community. Edward Gaskin Edward A. Gaskin (3 February 1918, Red Tank, Panama – August 10, 2001) was an educator and labor leader. He fought for retirement benefits, against the low wages and the racial discrimination of the black laborers of Panama and the West Indies in the Canal Zone. Gaskin took his campaign to the President of Panama and successfully lobbied for highly beneficial clauses (retirement benefits and equal pay for equal work) in the Remon-Eisenhower Treaty of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8904707", "score": "1.0867357", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of the Panama Canal", "text": "carried out with little difficulty. In 1876 an international company, La Société internationale du Canal interocéanique, was created to undertake its construction; two years later, it obtained a concession from the Colombian government (since Panama was a Colombian province) to dig a canal across the isthmus. Ferdinand de Lesseps, who was in charge of the Suez Canal construction, headed the project. His enthusiastic leadership and his reputation as the man who had built the Suez Canal persuaded speculators and ordinary citizens to invest nearly $400 million in the project. However, despite his previous success de Lesseps was not an engineer.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6198412", "score": "1.083749", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of the Panama Canal", "text": "million was authorized by the June 28, 1902 Spooner Act. Since Panama was then part of Colombia, Roosevelt began negotiating with that country to obtain the necessary rights. In early 1903 the Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by both nations, but the Senate of Colombia failed to ratify the treaty. Roosevelt implied to Panamanian rebels that if they revolted, the US Navy would assist their fight for independence. Panama declared its independence on November 3, 1903, and the USS \"Nashville\" impeded Colombian interference. The victorious Panamanians gave the United States control of the Panama Canal Zone on February 23, 1904, for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6198425", "score": "1.0821391", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Robert John Fleming", "text": "canal with the intention of widening it, the inauguration of the \"Panama Canal Spillway\" newspaper and the opening of the Thatcher Ferry Bridge. He died on the July 14, 1984. His years of military and public service came with several awards. He was given the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star, the Army Commendation Medal, the Order of the White Lion from Czechoslovakia, the Légion d'honneur from France and the Grand Cross Nuñez de Balboa from Panama for his various and varied public services. Robert John Fleming Robert John Fleming (January 13, 1907 – July 14, 1984) was Governor of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6758145", "score": "1.0819249", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "William Arnold Carter", "text": "William Arnold Carter William Arnold Carter (June 27, 1907 – May 18, 1996) was the Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1960 to 1962. He was born in Corsicana, Texas on June 27, 1907 to William Arnold Carter and Susan Young. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1930. In 1933 he earned a B.S. in civil engineering from University of California. His World War II service included being chief engineer of the II Corps in the Mediterranean, and chief engineer of the 1st Army during the Normandy Invasion and European Campaign. He served", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6758097", "score": "1.0813267", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt", "text": "of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending on each side of the centerline, excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of the zone) to the United States for $10 million and a steadily increasing yearly sum. In February 1904, Roosevelt won Senate ratification of the treaty in a 66-to-14 vote. The Isthmian Canal Commission, supervised by Secretary of War Taft, was established to govern the zone and oversee the construction of the canal. Roosevelt appointed George Whitefield Davis as the first governor of the Panama Canal Zone and John Findley Wallace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6749861", "score": "1.07955", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of Panama (1964–77)", "text": "minister of the presidency in Chiari's cabinet, was the candidate of the National Opposition Union, comprising the PLN and seven smaller parties. After lengthy backstage maneuvers, Robles was endorsed by the outgoing president. Juan de Arco Galindo, a former member of the National Assembly and public works minister and brother-in-law of former President de la Guardia, was the candidate of the National Opposition Alliance (\"Alianza Nacional de Oposición\") coalition, comprising seven parties headed by the CPN. Arnulfo Arias was supported by the PP, already the largest single party in the country. As usual, the status of the canal was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13132093", "score": "1.0790472", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "David du Bose Gaillard", "text": "to see the job finished. He returned to the US suffering from what was thought to be nervous exhaustion brought on by overwork and died of a brain tumor on December 5, 1913 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, months before the canal's completion. He was 54 years old. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The Panama Canal opened nine months after his death. During the years of the US Canal Zone (c. 1915–2000), the Culebra Cut in the Panama Canal bore his name in his memory. David du Bose Gaillard David du Bose Gaillard (September 4, 1859 –", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6935133", "score": "1.077212", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Florencio Harmodio Arosemena", "text": "Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Guillén (17 September 1872, Panama City – 30 August 1945, Manhattan) is 6th President of Panama from October 1, 1928 to January 3, 1931. He belonged to the Liberal Party. He was born in Panama September 17, 1872, son of Florencio Arosemena De Alba and of Clara Guillén. At the early age of 11 He was sent to study first in Germany, where his father sent him by considering him of an upper intelligence. Panamanian President Florencio Arosemena was an accomplished civil engineer who graduated from the University of Heidelberg, Germany in 1895. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5462051", "score": "1.075759", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Panama Canal expansion project", "text": "President Varela indicated that he anticipated the expansion to be complete around May 2016. The expanded canal began commercial operation on 26 June 2016. The first ship to cross the canal using the third set of locks was a modern New Panamax vessel, the Chinese-owned container ship \"Cosco Shipping Panama.\" The United States dispatched a navy ship to Panama to demonstrate U.S. naval power to the Chinese ship. The main purpose of the canal expansion program is to increase Panama's ability to benefit from the growing traffic demand. This growing demand is manifested in both the increased cargo volumes and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7997989", "score": "1.075677", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of Panama (1904–64)", "text": "the country's overwhelming economic dependence on the canal and the zone. Remón's reformist regime was short-lived, however. In 1955 he was machine-gunned to death at the racetrack outside Panama City. The first vice president, José Ramón Guizado, was impeached for the crime and jailed, but he was never tried, and the motivation for his alleged act remained unclear. Some investigators believed that the impeachment of Guizado was a smokescreen to distract attention from others implicated in the assassination, including United States organized crime figure \"Lucky\" Luciano, dissident police officers, and both Arias families. The second vice president, Ricardo Arias (of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13132022", "score": "1.0745103", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Aristides Royo", "text": "General Omar Torrijos or General Manuel Noriega, who were the two powerful strongmen during that period. President Jimmy Carter negotiated the Panama Canal treaties with General Torrijos in 1978, which were opposed by then presidential candidate Ronald Reagan. Eleven years later, President George H. W. Bush launched the Invasion of Panama to remove General Manuel Noriega from power. Aristides Royo Aristides Royo Sánchez (born August 14, 1940 in La Chorrera, Panamá Province) was President of Panama from October 11, 1978 to July 31, 1982, when he was pressured to resign by the military. He studied law at the University of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5464835", "score": "1.074276", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Spooner Act", "text": "Spooner Act The First Spooner Act of 1902 (also referred to as the Panama Canal Act, 32 Stat. 481) was written by a United States Senator from Wisconsin, John Coit Spooner, enacted on June 28, 1902, and signed by President Roosevelt the following day. It authorized purchasing the assets of a French syndicate called the \"Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama\", provided that a treaty could be negotiated with the Republic of Colombia. The syndicate, headed by Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, sold at a price reduced from $110 million to only $40 million. US lawyer William Nelson Cromwell subsequently received a commission", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12661139", "score": "1.0736308", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Panama Canal Zone", "text": "born of at least one US citizen in the Canal Zone before the law's enactment. This rule was later rendered moot when the rules were changed to state that (almost all) children born to U.S. citizens anywhere in the world were considered U.S citizens. In 2008, during a minor controversy over whether Canal Zone–born John McCain, born in the Zone in 1936, was legally eligible for the presidency, the US Senate passed a non-binding resolution that McCain was a \"natural born Citizen\" of the United States. Notable people born in the Panama Canal Zone include Frederick Wiseman made the film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2100167", "score": "1.0727216", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Abraham Jacob Hollandersky", "text": "30, 1913, featured an audience of nearly two thousand and included most of the members of an American congressional party in Panama, there to view the final stages of the building of the Panama Canal. According to Abe, the congressmen had sailed there on the Presidential yacht \"Mayflower\". Ortega, the reigning Panamanian heavyweight champion, was known to deliver knockout punches and his size made him a formidable opponent. Abe entered the ring to an ovation and a hearty round of applause, as Ortega was not a friend of the Panamanian crowd who knew him from previous fights. The match ended", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18662677", "score": "1.0724473", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "William J. Oliver (industrialist)", "text": "railroading in the south.\" When the United States government announced it would be hiring a contractor to build the Panama Canal, Oliver sent agents to Panama to investigate for a possible bid. He formed a partnership with New York-area contractor Anson Bangs, and the two compiled a bid of 6.75% of the canal's construction cost (the construction cost had been estimated as high as $465 million). When bids were opened on January 12, 1907, Oliver's bid was the lowest of the four submitted, slightly lower than George Pierce and Company's bid of 7.19%, and easily ahead of the bids submitted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18325174", "score": "1.0697165", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "Justin Timberlake" ]

[ { "title": "Football Night in America", "text": "analysts. Liam McHugh, who had previously hosted the NBC-produced \"Thursday Night Football\" pregame show during parts of the 2017 NFL season, filled in for Tirico at the game site while the latter was in PyeongChang, South Korea preparing for the network's Winter Olympics coverage (which began just four nights later, on February 8, 2018). Patrick also hosted the halftime and postgame shows. For the 2018 season, Mike Tirico moved to NBC Sports HQ in Stamford to be the new studio host for the show, replacing Dan Patrick. Tirico is joined in studio by returning analysts Rodney Harrison and Tony Dungy.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6790019", "score": "1.0154507", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Jim Gray (sportscaster)", "text": "Gray was the pregame, halftime, and postgame host, and live in game reporter for Super Bowl 51 on Westwood One Radio between the New England Patriots vs Atlanta Falcons. It marked the 20th Super Bowl that Gray has been on the live radio or television broadcast of the game, more than any other broadcaster in Super Bowl history. President Donald Trump was interviewed at halftime. In February 2018 in Minneapolis, MN., Gray worked Super Bowl 52, marking the 21st time he has been on the live broadcast of Super Sunday. Gray was the Executive Producer of the ESPN 30 for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6718930", "score": "0.9999353", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Mike Tirico", "text": "the 2018 Winter Olympics. Tirico also replaced Costas as studio host for NBC's NFL coverage and \"Football Night in America\". On May 31, 2017, it was announced that Mike Tirico would permanently replace Al Michaels as the play-by-play commentator for all of NBC's \"Thursday Night Football\" games, due to the NFL having changed its stance on its previous requirement. In 2017, Tirico took over the role of Tom Hammond in Triple Crown coverage, and succeeded Dan Hicks full-time as the play-by-play commentator for Notre Dame football. NBC lost \"Thursday Night Football\" to Fox for the 2018 season. After Fox initially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5970463", "score": "0.99932265", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLV", "text": "Troy Aikman, himself a three-time Super Bowl winner as a Dallas Cowboys quarterback, as the color analyst. Mike Pereira joined Buck and Aikman in the broadcast booth to comment on instant replay reviews, while Pam Oliver and Chris Myers served as sideline reporters. The pre-game show featured the \"Fox NFL Sunday\" crew of host Curt Menefee and a group of analysts with extensive Super Bowl experiences of their own: Terry Bradshaw (4 time Super Bowl winning QB with the Pittsburgh Steelers), Howie Long (one-time Super Bowl winning defensive end with the then-Los Angeles Raiders), Michael Strahan (one-time Super Bowl winning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5732094", "score": "0.99889475", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mike Tirico", "text": "in the 2017 season. After calling three Notre Dame games in 2016, Tirico also replaced Dan Hicks as the full-time play-by-play man for Notre Dame football in 2017. On February 9, 2017, it was announced that Tirico would become primetime host of NBC's coverage of the Olympics, beginning at the 2018 Winter Olympics, and as the on-site host for NBC's coverage of the NFL beginning in the 2017 season, both replacing veteran sportscaster, Bob Costas. In August 2018, he was named the new studio host of NBC's Football Night in America, replacing Dan Patrick. Tirico joined ESPN in 1991 as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5970456", "score": "0.97604454", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show", "text": "the physical and time constraints of the event. \"I have eight minutes to set up my stage, 12 minutes to put on the greatest show on Earth, and I have seven minutes to take it down. So, that football field is clean for the second half of the game\", she said. \"How do you do that? This is a Midwesterner girls dream to be performing at the Super Bowl half-time show. In over 25 years of performing that I've done, I have never worked so hard or been so scrupulous or detail-orientated or freaked out.\" The singer's plan to have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17076841", "score": "0.9720939", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2017 NFL season", "text": "several NBC-broadcast games as a fill-in for Michaels (who voluntarily took several games off due to the increased number he was calling that season), and as part of a secondary team for selected games the \"TNF\" package. He will also succeed Bob Costas as the lead studio host for NBC. However, due to its proximity to the 2018 Winter Olympics (where he also succeeded Bob Costas as lead host), Tirico did not participate in NBC's Super Bowl LII coverage. Beth Mowins became the second woman to call play-by-play for a national NFL broadcast, following Gayle Sierens in 1987, when she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18465655", "score": "0.96951306", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI", "text": "game, his second Super Bowl as a game analyst and first since he was in the booth for Super Bowl XXXIX for Fox. Michele Tafoya was the sideline reporter. Bob Costas and Dan Patrick (who also presided over the trophy presentation ceremony) hosted the pregame, halftime, and postgame coverage for NBC with \"Football Night in America\" analysts Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison and special guest analysts (who were seated next to Costas during the pre-game festivities), Aaron Rodgers and Hines Ward. Also helping out on NBC's broadcast were reporters Alex Flanagan, Liam McHugh, and Randy Moss and NFL insiders Mike", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7002499", "score": "0.96733487", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show", "text": "American pop star Katy Perry was headliner. The performance generated 2.2 million tweets, due to clamoring for tickets to Mars' Moonshine Jungle Tour. The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show received two 2014 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program and Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special. Bruno Mars was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl XLVIII in September 2013 during a Fox NFL Sunday broadcast held live in Times Square in New York City. The NFL's entertainment team started working with Mars and his management on the halftime set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17836781", "score": "0.965106", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII halftime show", "text": "The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2018 NFL season", "text": "play-by-play announcer in 2017, became the show's studio host from Stamford, Connecticut, with Liam McHugh moving into Tirico's former role. Dan Patrick, who had been the studio host for \"FNiA\" since 2008, declined to sign a long-term contract and left NBC. On radio, Kurt Warner will replace Boomer Esiason as the color commentator for Westwood One's \"Monday Night Football\" broadcasts, after Esiason had filled the role for the previous 18 years. Esiason will continue as a studio host for CBS. In a surprise announcement made two days before its first game, Amazon announced it would provide its own broadcast team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19135848", "score": "0.96460915", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Football Night in America", "text": "Bob Costas at the \"SNF\" game site, the format remained virtually unchanged as all commentators returned to the show from the previous season. Mike Tirico became the new host of the program from the \"SNF\" game site, replacing Bob Costas. Also, the format remained virtually unchanged as all of the other in-studio commentators (Patrick, Harrison and Dungy) returned from the previous season. On February 4, 2018, NBC aired a six-hour pregame show from Minneapolis, the host city of Super Bowl LII, starting at noon ET (11am CT), hosted by Patrick, Dungy and Harrison, the latter two also served as lead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6790018", "score": "0.9588275", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXVII", "text": "Tonight Show\" host Jay Leno; Cris Collinsworth (participating in an NFL Experience piece with Christensen as well as reporting from the Dallas locker room); former Los Angeles Lakers basketball player Magic Johnson (then working as a commentator for the \"NBA on NBC\"; Johnson was assigned to an interview with Dallas Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman, running back Emmitt Smith and wide receiver Michael Irvin); Paul Maguire; Gayle Gardner; Jim Lampley (who would replace Costas as host of \"NFL Live\" for the following season); and \"Dateline NBC\" correspondent Deborah Roberts (producing a special report on the Michael Jackson halftime show). Also included", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394660", "score": "0.9550762", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Bob Costas", "text": "and he wouldn't allow a son with athletic talent to play it. Costas had been scheduled to work Super Bowl LII, his eighth as a host (despite stepping down from \"Football Night in America\" in favor of his successor Mike Tirico, Costas was to return while Tirico prepped to lead NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics, set to begin a few days later). However, the network announced shortly before the game that Liam McHugh would instead join Dan Patrick as a co-host, leading to speculation that NBC removed Costas from the NFL's biggest game over his comments. Costas has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "58700", "score": "0.95485306", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Merrill Reese", "text": "(1982–83, and who also filled in when Quick had knee surgery during the 2004 preseason), and Stan Walters (1984–97). In addition to his play-by-play radio coverage of the Eagles, Reese hosts The WIP Coach's Show the day after Eagles games with the Eagles head coach, Eagles players and other guests. On Sunday, February 4, 2018, Reese called Super Bowl LII, as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 for their first Super Bowl title. With 38 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter, he called the Eagles' 4th and Goal play which would later be known as the \"Philly Special\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5133436", "score": "0.9508392", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXV", "text": "African-American to be the play-by-play announcer for a Super Bowl, Gumbel also became the third person to both host a Super Bowl pregame show and call the game, joining Dick Enberg and Al Michaels. Gumbel was the host during his first stint with CBS for Super Bowl XXVI, and he was the pregame host for Super Bowls XXX and XXXII when he was with NBC. Before the game, a pregame show titled \"Life's Super in Central Florida\" was held, featuring Sting, Styx, and PYT. The show was directed and choreographed by Lesslee Fitzmorris from Covington, Louisiana. To honor the 225th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "395041", "score": "0.9505191", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Football Night in America", "text": "to the show from the previous season. On February 6, 2012, NBC aired a five-hour Super Bowl XLVI pre-game telecast starting at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time, hosted by Bob Costas and Dan Patrick, who also emceed the halftime and post-game shows; Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison served as the co-hosts and lead studio analysts. Active NFL players Aaron Rodgers and Hines Ward contributed as guest analysts exclusively on the pre-game show. Costas hosted segments on an auxiliary set outside the stadium and on-field; Patrick hosted segments from the stadium concourse on an additional auxiliary. Michele Tafoya filed respective reports on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6790014", "score": "0.9442085", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of Monday Night Football", "text": "tradition of featuring notable guests during the half-time show, from a variety of different industries and backgrounds. During a Thursday Night Football special in Houston, 2 days after Ronald Reagan was elected to the White House, Vice-President elect George H.W. Bush was interviewed in the broadcast booth at halftime. Prior to the election, none of the candidates were invited on the program due to equal time regulations governing appearances during campaigns. Later that same season in Southern California, movie star Bo Derek, well known for her role in the movie \"Ten\", was the half-time guest and was interviewed by Howard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13037368", "score": "0.9408443", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Greg Gumbel", "text": "has regularly appeared on Howard Stern's radio show. Along similar lines, Gumbel said of Rush Limbaugh, \"I find him someone whose words and opinions I can do without.\" Gumbel is the third man to serve as both host and play-by-play announcer for Super Bowls (the first two were Dick Enberg and Al Michaels respectively). He hosted Super Bowls XXVI, XXX, and XXXII before calling Super Bowls XXXV and XXXVIII. Jim Nantz became the fourth man to do so after he called Super Bowl XLI for CBS. During his tenure as the chief anchor of \"The NFL Today\", he served alongside", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4485837", "score": "0.93387735", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Thursday Night Football", "text": "the games this year. The duo will be joined by Erin Andrews, who normally works with Buck and Aikman on Sundays, and Kristina Pink, who normally works with the #3 team for Fox, which consists of Kenny Albert, son of former NFL commentator Marv Albert, and Super Bowl Champion Ronde Barber, and Mike Pereira, who is one of two rule analysts for Fox. On October 14th, 2018, the NFL announced via press release, that the NFL GameDay Morning studio team of Rich Eisen, Steve Mariucci, Kurt Warner, and Michael Irvin, would be calling the Eagles-Jaguars London Game on October 28th.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9016258", "score": "0.9327706", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2018 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "Vikings were at the Packers' 17-yard line with four seconds remaining in overtime, but Carlson missed his third field goal attempt of the game, this time from 35 yards, and again wide right. This was the first NFL broadcast in history to have an all-female announcing team (accessible only to Amazon Prime viewers). Four Vikings players were elected to the Pro Bowl when the rosters were announced on December 18, 2018, with both outside linebacker Anthony Barr and safety Harrison Smith named to their fourth Pro Bowls. Wide receiver Adam Thielen was named to his second Pro Bowl, having received", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20468615", "score": "0.9282665", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mike Tirico", "text": "in the \"Thursday Night Football\" package produced for NFL Network, held on a Saturday and Christmas Sunday respectively, with Doug Flutie and Tony Dungy. In November 2016, NBC announced that Tirico would perform play-by-play with Cris Collinsworth on three \"Sunday Night Football\" games (including the Thanksgiving primetime game) and one \"Thursday Night Football\" game, filling in for Al Michaels. Michaels had requested time off due to NBC's increased NFL workload. On February 9, 2017, Bob Costas announced that he would be retiring as the primetime host of NBC's coverage of the Olympics, and that Tirico would replace him beginning at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5970462", "score": "0.92711514", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "NFL on Westwood One Sports", "text": "\"Monday Night Football\" pregame and halftime shows are conducted differently from usual pregames, as there is no other game action to recap. Jim Gray presides over both the pregame and halftime shows, which are more feature driven and often feature guest commentators such as Tom Brady and Larry Fitzgerald, who contributes to the pregame show weekly with predictions and commentary. In addition to the Monday night games, Gray also hosts the studio shows for the Thursday opening game and the Super Bowl. For the Monday Night game held in Mexico during Week 11 of the 2016 season, Scott Graham co-hosted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7143912", "score": "0.92491", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Inside the NFL", "text": "Chuck Bednarik, Pro Football Hall of Fame two-way player for the Philadelphia Eagles. In 1978, Meltzer and Bednarik left the show and were replaced by Merle Harmon and Hall of Fame quarterback Len Dawson respectively. In 1980, Merle Harmon left for NBC as Len Dawson was joined by fellow Hall of Famer and former Miami Dolphins linebacker Nick Buoniconti. In 1989, Cris Collinsworth joined as an on-air reporter. In 1990, Cris Collinsworth joined Dawson and Buoniconti as the third host. Several former players and coaches served as co-host throughout this period including Jimmy Johnson and Jerry Glanville. After the 2001", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6021772", "score": "0.92356634", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Football Night in America", "text": "Sports to join the network's sister news division in March of the following year. On February 1, 2015, NBC aired a five-hour Super Bowl XLIX pre-game telecast starting at 1:00 p.m. ET, hosted by Bob Costas and Dan Patrick, who also emceed the halftime and post-game shows; Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison once again served as the co-hosts and lead studio analysts, along with guest analyst John Harbaugh. The \"4 Downs\" segment was added as the final segment of \"FNIA\" before ending with Costas at the game site. Other than Mike Tirico joining \"FNIA\" to alternate pregame hosting duties with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6790017", "score": "0.9235421", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "surfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album \"A Head Full of Dreams\". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18563347", "score": "0.9224882", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2018 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "responded with a Matt Bryant field goal to take a 6-3 lead at the half. The Eagles offense finally found life midway through the third in a remake of the Philly Special with the reigning Super Bowl MVP Nick Foles catching a pass from Nelson Agholor on a trick play. A 1-yard TD run by Jay Ajayi gave the Eagles their first lead of the night. A couple of drives later, the Eagles defense came up big again with a Rasul Douglas interception that ended a potential scoring drive for the Falcons. However, Foles (Who struggled for most of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20468764", "score": "0.92163396", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Football Night in America", "text": "Super Bowl presentation. When the 2009 season of the program kicked off on September 13, Cris Collinsworth replaced John Madden as a color commentator, alongside Michaels following Madden's retirement. Bettis' contract was not renewed; Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison replaced Collinsworth and Bettis as full-time studio analysts, while Barber served as an on-site reporter. On August 26, NBC announced that \"Football Night\" host Bob Costas would host the pre-game show at the game site; pregame panelists Dan Patrick, Keith Olbermann, Dungy and Harrison would remain in the New York City studio. The basic format remained unchanged from the previous year;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6790012", "score": "0.92071915", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Michelle Beisner-Buck", "text": "Michelle Beisner-Buck Michelle Beisner-Buck (born October 15, 1976) is a feature reporter for ESPN and is a member of the \"Monday Night Countdown\" crew as well as Monday Night Football. She had an 8-year tenure at NFL Network being the host of NFL Weekly Countdown, and served as a field reporter for \"NFL Total Access\" and \"NFL GameDay Morning\". She was also the host of \"NFL Network Now\", a news program on NFL Network. She has been a reporter and has worked on \"NFL Quarterback Challenge\", and the \"Total Access On Location\" pre-game show at the Super Bowl. Beisner also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14279632", "score": "0.92009526", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2018 NFL season", "text": "were hired. Four officials were promoted to the referee position. Down judge Hugo Cruz was fired for performance-related issues culminating with a missed false start during a Week 6 game between the Los Angeles Chargers and Cleveland Browns. It was the first time in the Super Bowl era that an official was dismissed in-season. The following playing rule changes have been approved by the Competition Committee for the 2018 season: The following bylaws and resolutions were passed: The following changes to the kickoff rules were approved at the NFL Spring Owners' Meeting on May 23, 2018: In response to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19135822", "score": "0.9183414", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "the primal rib" ]

[ { "title": "Whittingham, Lancashire", "text": "on the lane by Adam Hoghton in 1616, and contains embedded in its wall a large rib. According to legend, the rib came from a giant \"dun cow\" which roamed the area at the time of the Plague, and whose milk saved the local inhabitants, and was buried at nearby Cow Hill, near Grimsargh. An alternative legend claims that the cow gave milk freely to all comers, but died of shock when an old witch asked it to fill a riddle (sieve) instead of a pail. In reality, the rib is probably from a whale or Bronze Age aurochs. With", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9114147", "score": "1.0017824", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Standing rib roast", "text": "muscles removed. While often referred to as \"prime rib\", the USDA does not require the cut to be derived from USDA Prime grade beef. A slice of standing rib roast will include portions of the so-called \"eye\" of the rib, as well as the outer, fat-marbled muscle (spinalis dorsi) known as the \"lip\" or \"cap\". The traditional preparation for a standing rib roast is to rub the outside of the roast with salt and seasonings and slow-roast with dry heat. It also may be grilled. Standing rib roast A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6580073", "score": "0.98636925", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rib steak", "text": "its life. Its marbling of fat makes this suitable for slow roasting or grilling cooked to different degrees of doneness. Rib steak A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably. The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone. It is considered a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8500616", "score": "0.97950333", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rib", "text": "are widely used from many animals. The ribs are the less meaty part of the meat chop and they are often cooked as part of a slab; five or more is known as a \"rack\", as in a rack of lamb. Short ribs are ribs of beef either served singly or several as a \"plate\". A rib steak from beef is a popular choice used in many cuisines. Pork ribs, including spare ribs are popular in European and Asian cuisine. Rib In vertebrate anatomy, ribs () are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "554384", "score": "0.9760819", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rib chop", "text": "evenly. Like on a pig, rib chops from a lamb that has a layer of fat, two actually. If the whole primal cut is left intact, it becomes a rack of lamb. Again, they have little connective tissue, so they are usually roasted as a rack, or grilled one by one. Rib chop A rib chop comes from the rib section of an animal, usually the term is used for pork and lamb. Rib chops are considered the ribeye of pork and lamb. Rib chops from a pig are cut from the loin, or the back of the pig. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13586187", "score": "0.9626154", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Chuck steak", "text": "the proportion of meat and bone, although the fifth rib exceeds the prime rib in the amount of lean meat. The cross cut or cross rib, which is the last part of the chuck located between the brisket point and the short rib - can also be used as an alternative to the blade when cooking steaks. The chuck part cut from the shoulder clod is also used in place of sirloin since it has a very beefy taste. In the United States, chuck has the meat-cutting classification NAMP 113. Chuck steak Chuck steak is a cut of beef and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6114168", "score": "0.9621597", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Rib chop", "text": "Rib chop A rib chop comes from the rib section of an animal, usually the term is used for pork and lamb. Rib chops are considered the ribeye of pork and lamb. Rib chops from a pig are cut from the loin, or the back of the pig. A rib chop has a thin layer of fat around the outside. Since it is center cut, it contains little connective tissue, which makes it good for fast, dry heat methods, such as grilling and panbroiling. Unlike the loin chop, a rib chop is almost one muscle, which makes it cook more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13586186", "score": "0.9609231", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ribs (food)", "text": "to barbecue pork ribs, or sometimes beef ribs, which are served with various barbecue sauces. They are served as a rack of meat which diners customarily tear apart by hand, then eat the meat from the bone. Slow roasting or barbecuing for as much as 10–12 hours creates a tender finished product. Ribs (food) Ribs of pork, beef, lamb, and venison are a cut of meat. The term \"ribs\" usually refers to the less meaty part of the chops, often cooked as a slab (not cut into separate ribs). Ribs of bison, goat, ostrich, crocodile, alligator, llama, alpaca, beefalo, African", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7089220", "score": "0.95493627", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ribs (food)", "text": "Ribs (food) Ribs of pork, beef, lamb, and venison are a cut of meat. The term \"ribs\" usually refers to the less meaty part of the chops, often cooked as a slab (not cut into separate ribs). Ribs of bison, goat, ostrich, crocodile, alligator, llama, alpaca, beefalo, African buffalo, water buffalo, kangaroo, and other animals are also consumed in various parts of the world. They can be roasted, grilled, fried, baked, braised, or smoked. A set of ribs served together (5 or more), is known as a rack (as in \"a rack of ribs\"). In American cuisine, \"ribs\" usually refers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7089219", "score": "0.9502933", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Standing rib roast", "text": "A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut of beef from the primal rib, one of the nine primal cuts of beef. While the entire rib section comprises ribs six through 12, a standing rib roast may contain anywhere from two to seven ribs.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Chuck steak", "text": "contains the line of fat. This is what creates richness of flavor in the roast. The chuck contains a lot of connective tissue, including collagen, which partially melts during cooking. Meat from the chuck is usually used for stewing, slow cooking, braising, or pot roasting. The top blade part of the chuck is preferred for grilling because it is the second most tender steak once the gristle is removed. The fifth rib taken from the chuck can also be used as an alternative to the prime rib roast, which is usually from bones 6-12. They are similar in terms of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6114167", "score": "0.9461688", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Ed Muransky", "text": "of prime rib at Lawry's before the 1979 Rose Bowl. Muransky later recalled: \"Bubba Paris and I were two happy freshmen eating together at the Lawry's Beef Bowl event before the 1979 Rose Bowl Game. After we had enjoyed our fourth plate of prime rib, mashed potatoes, corn and Yorkshire pudding, Bubba asked what the record was, and they said 7 cuts. Bubba continued for 3 more cuts, and I continued for four, totally under the Bo Schembechler radar screen. When they delivered the 8th cut to me, the media started to gather around my table, Bo walked by and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11241116", "score": "0.9458211", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Rib steak", "text": "Rib steak A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably. The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone. It is considered a more flavorful cut than other steaks, such as the fillet, due to the muscle being exercised by the animal during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8500615", "score": "0.9348219", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Short ribs", "text": "style known as the \"plate\"). Short ribs are popular in many international cuisines. Meatpacking executive Richard C. Banfield notes that the term \"short ribs\" comes from the fact that the cut of meat contains only a portion of each long beef rib. Using American butcher's nomenclature, short ribs may be taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. The \"serratus ventralis\" muscle defines the area in the beef carcass from where short ribs come, and is the preferred muscle tissue for short ribs. This muscle originates near the second rib, and covers most of the rib", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8425477", "score": "0.9279208", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Idar-Oberstein", "text": "Idar-Oberstein's and the surrounding region's culinary and cultural customs. When making the more often consumed \"Idarer Spießbraten\", the meat – originally prime rib, today often also roast beef or pork neck – is laid the day before cooking in raw onions, salt and pepper. The onions are good to eat while cooking at the fire with a beer. Locals favour beechwood for the fire, to give the roast its traditional flavour. The variations on the \"Spießbraten\" recipe are also the subject of the town's slogan, which bears witness to a patronizing cosmopolitanism: \"Rossbeff fa die Irader, Kamm fa die Uwersteener", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2604790", "score": "0.9257481", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Steak", "text": "there are National Meat Accreditation standards; in Canada, there is the Canadian Beef Grading Agency; in the United Kingdom, the Food Standards Agency is responsible; in the United States, beef is graded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as select, choice or prime, where \"prime\" refers to beef of the highest quality, typically that which has significant marbling. In 1996 in the U.S., only 2.4% of cattle were graded as prime, and most prime beef is sold in restaurants and hotels. There is a wide range of quickly prepared and well-known beef steak dishes, including Minute steak, steak", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16334829", "score": "0.914794", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ranch steak", "text": "is excellent when grilled, broiled, or pan-fried if it is marinated first and if it is not overcooked. Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a \"boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak\", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: \"Ranch steak\". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8619473", "score": "0.91159993", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Short ribs", "text": "short ribs incorporate at least two rib bones, and are often no more than thick. Retail meat shops often do not differentiate between short ribs which come from the brisket, chuck, plate, and rib. In the United States, short ribs from the plate are generally the least expensive cut, followed by medium-priced short ribs from the brisket and chuck, and premium-priced short ribs from the rib area. Beef short ribs are the equivalent of spare ribs in pork, with beef short ribs usually larger and meatier than pork spare ribs. \"Boneless\" short ribs are cut from either the chuck or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8425482", "score": "0.89742345", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Competitive eating", "text": "a T-shirt and the addition of their name and/or photo on a wall of challenge victors. For example, Ward's House of Prime located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, has a prime rib meat challenge. The current record is 360 ounces by Molly Schuyler in June 2017. Various challenges of this type are featured in the Travel Channel show \"Man v. Food\". The Great American Eat Off - a show that pits two average eaters against each other to see who can eat the fastest, while raising awareness for charity and then brings in a professional competitive eater to beat the winning time,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4780558", "score": "0.8939684", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Short ribs", "text": "Short ribs Short ribs are a cut of beef taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. They consist of a short portion of the rib bone, which is overlain by meat which varies in thickness. There are two major types of cuts: The \"flanken\", which is cut across the bone and leaves the bone just in length, and the \"English\", which is cut parallel to the bone and leaves the bone up to in length. English cut short ribs may be served individually, or three or four may be served connected to one another (a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8425476", "score": "0.893517", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ranch steak", "text": "Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a \"boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak\", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: \"Ranch steak\". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not cooked beyond medium when using dry heat cooking methods. It is best when it is braised, however it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8619472", "score": "0.89299077", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Rib eye steak", "text": "Rib eye steak The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section. The rib section of beef spans from ribs six through twelve. Ribeye steaks are mostly composed of the longissimus dorsi muscle but also contain the complexus and spinalis muscles. A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak or Spencer steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4620312", "score": "0.8923733", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Spare ribs", "text": "Spare ribs Spare ribs (also side ribs or spareribs) are a variety of pork ribs cooked and eaten in various cuisines around the world. They are cut from the lower portion of the pig specifically the belly and breastbone, behind the shoulder, and include 11 to 13 long bones. There is a covering of meat on top of the bones and also between them. Spare ribs (pork) are distinguished from short ribs, which are beef. The term comes from Low German \"ribbesper\" (referring to pickled pork ribs, cooked on a spit), the parts of which refer, in order, to rib", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8505891", "score": "0.88567775", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Best in the West Nugget Rib Cook-off", "text": "inaugural winner was North Main Barbecue from Euless, Texas. The event is the main attraction for Sparks, and is mentioned in travel guides and barbecue books. The rib cook-off takes place over six days in Victorian Square in Sparks, Nevada; six blocks of Victorian Avenue are closed to traffic during the event for the cook-off competitors and other vendors to stage their booths. Aside from the actual cook-off, ribs are sold to the general public. In addition to the ribs there is a small arts and crafts fair and a few children's rides. In 2007 the event, for the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13474020", "score": "0.87853277", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Pork chop", "text": "chop includes a large T-shaped bone, and is structurally similar to the beef T-bone steak. Rib chops come from the rib portion of the loin, and are similar to rib eye steaks. Blade or shoulder chops come from the spine, and tend to contain much connective tissue. The sirloin chop is taken from the (rear) leg end and also contains much connective tissue. The shoulder end produces chops that are considerably fattier than the chops taken from the loin end. The so-called \"Iowa Chop\" is a thick center cut; the term was coined in 1976 by the Iowa Pork Producers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4755223", "score": "0.8782511", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Short ribs", "text": "and the United States which uses ribs nine through 12. The membrane is removed from the inner side of an English-cut plate, and the plate sliced into its component ribs. The bone is then pulled up from the meat, leaving meat attached at only one end of the rib. The meat is then rolled backward and tucked under itself. Tabiltas are Mexican-style flanken-cut short ribs that are marinated and then grilled. Over the years, short ribs have been mentioned in numerous movies and television shows. Examples include: Short ribs Short ribs are a cut of beef taken from the brisket,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8425486", "score": "0.8773281", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Short ribs", "text": "the bone, or the meat can be removed from the bone entirely and cut into thin slices. Short ribs marinated in ganjang (a Korean soy sauce) and then rapidly grilled are known as \"galbi\". Short ribs prepared in the \"galbi\" style, but slow-cooked or steamed along with spices and vegetables is known as \"galbijjim\". A specific type of short rib dish which originated in Hawaii is known as Maui-style ribs. In this dish, flanken-cut ribs are marinated in soy sauce, brown sugar, and ginger, and then swiftly grilled. The \"Royal short rib\" is a short rib dish prepared in Europe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8425485", "score": "0.8758327", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Pork ribs", "text": "cage is covered by a layer of connective tissue (pleura) that is difficult to cook tender; it is usually removed before marinating or cooking. Baby back ribs (also back ribs or loin ribs) are taken from the top of the rib cage between the spine and the spare ribs, below the loin muscle. They have meat between the bones and on top of the bones, and are shorter, curved, and sometimes meatier than spare ribs. The rack is shorter at one end, due to the natural tapering of a pig's rib cage. The shortest bones are typically only about and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5726509", "score": "0.8754208", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ribfest", "text": "Choice Award. The rib festivals often coincide with music festivals, such as the \"Dallas Ribfest Gospel BBQ\", or Cleveland's \"Great American Rib Cook off & music festival\". Ribfest A ribfest (short for rib festival), sometimes called a rib cook-off is a type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada. The size of each ribfest is often measured by the number of traveling professional \"rib teams\" which sell food and compete at the events. A rib festival generally has multiple food vendors selling barbecue beef or pork ribs, pulled pork sandwiches, chicken, coleslaw, baked beans, and other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14856360", "score": "0.87515247", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Rib eye steak", "text": "interchangeably. The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone. In Australia and New Zealand, \"ribeye\" is used when this cut is served with the bone in. With the bone removed, it is called \"Scotch fillet\". It is both flavorful and tender, coming from the lightly worked upper rib cage area. Its marbling of fat makes it very good for fast and hot cooking. Rib eye steak The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section. The rib section of beef spans from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4620313", "score": "0.87304294", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Supreme Court of Canada", "the courts", "courts", "The courts" ]

[ { "title": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "rights. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (), in Canada often simply the Charter, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. It forms the first part of the \"Constitution Act, 1982\". The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of the government. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1181478", "score": "0.9547132", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (), in Canada often simply the Charter, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. It forms the first part of the \"Constitution Act, 1982\". The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of the government. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April 17,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1181430", "score": "0.9498261", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Bylaw enforcement officer", "text": "person for obstruction. Judge M. Hubbard ruled that Bylaw Officers were justified in arresting a person for failing to provide identification, and in so doing, using whatever reasonable force was necessary to subdue a person. In Alberta, section 555(1) of the Municipal Government Act states that “A person who is appointed as a bylaw enforcement officer is, in the execution of enforcement duties, responsible for the preservation and maintenance of the public peace”. Section 15(2) of Ontario's Police Services Act R.S.O. 1990, states \"Municipal law enforcement officers are peace officers for the purpose of enforcing municipal by-laws.\" Similar sections exist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11280780", "score": "0.9415454", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Bill Whatcott", "text": "on behalf of Whatcott were the Canadian Constitution Foundation, the Canadian Civil Liberties Association, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, the Christian Legal Fellowship, the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada, the Catholic Civil Rights League and the Faith + Freedom Alliance. Intervening against Whatcott were Attorney General of Alberta, Canadian Human Rights Commission, Alberta Human Rights Commission, Egale Canada Inc., Ontario Human Rights Commission, Canadian Jewish Congress, Unitarian Congregation of Saskatoon and Canadian Unitarian Council, Women's Legal Education and Action Fund, Canadian Bar Association, Northwest Territories Human Rights Commission and Yukon Human Rights Commission, League for Human Rights of B'nai B'rith Canada,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10643171", "score": "0.9335319", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms", "text": "Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms The Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms (JCCF) is a Canadian right-wing legal advocacy organization specializing in Canadian constitutional law, specifically in interpretations of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Based in Calgary, Alberta, the organization was founded in 2010 by John Carpay, a former Alberta provincial director of the Canadian Taxpayers Federation and a former candidate of the federal Reform Party and provincial Wildrose Party who later joined the United Conservative Party. The JCCF has argued past cases before the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta, Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18075115", "score": "0.93091726", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "John Baird (Canadian politician)", "text": "and protection of human rights is an integral part of Canada’s foreign policy.\" Baird refused to sign the world Arms Trade Treaty, with the Canadian government reportedly ordering its diplomats to play a \"low-key, minimal role\" during negotiations and protect the rights of Canadian gun owners. Following his resignation as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Baird remained a backbench MP for several weeks. On February 19, 2015, he represented the government at the re-opening of Canada House, the home of the Canadian High Commission to the United Kingdom. Baird's resignation from parliament took effect on March 16, 2015. Since leaving politics,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3153083", "score": "0.9306425", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Bylaw enforcement officer", "text": "Bylaw enforcement officer A bylaw enforcement officer is a law enforcement employee of a municipality, county or regional district, charged with the enforcement of non-criminal bylaws, rules, laws, codes or regulations enacted by local governments. This terminology is commonly used in Canada and some other Commonwealth countries. In the Canadian province of Ontario, bylaw enforcement officers are generally titled \"municipal law enforcement officers\", and in Newfoundland & Labrador, the term \"municipal enforcement officer\" is also used. In the Canadian province of Alberta, municipalities can appoint bylaw enforcements officers under the authority of section 555 and 556 of the \"Municipal Government", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11280762", "score": "0.9270539", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 32 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms concerns the application and scope of the Charter. Only claims based on the type of law contemplated by this section can be brought before a court. Section 32(1) describes the basis on which all rights can be enforced. Section 32(2) was added in order to delay the enforcement of section 15 until government was given time to amend their laws to conform to the section. Under the heading \"Application of Charter\" the section states: The purpose of this section is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4941200", "score": "0.9183837", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "was noted that municipalities exist under the authority of the provincial governments, which are bound by the \"Charter\" under section 32. (A related case later went to the Supreme Court as \"Charlebois v. Saint John (City)\".) Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 18 of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" is one of the provisions of the Constitution that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French. Like section 133 of the \"Constitution Act, 1867\", section 18 requires that all statutes and other records made by the Parliament of Canada must", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7935062", "score": "0.9180179", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "The task of interpreting and enforcing the Charter falls to the courts, with the Supreme Court of Canada being the ultimate authority on the matter.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides everyone in Canada with protection against unreasonable search and seizure. This right provides Canadians with their primary source of constitutionally enforced privacy rights against unreasonable intrusion from the state. Typically, this protects personal information that can be obtained through searching someone in pat-down, entering someone's property or surveillance. Under the heading of legal rights, section 8 states: Any property found or seized by means of a violation of section 8 can be excluded as evidence in a trial under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6233678", "score": "0.9178507", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Section 31 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "on their powers, but the opposition would have been stronger had Parliament been able to exert its authority over the provinces. As Hogg notes, section 31 also distinguishes the Charter from various rights in the amendments to the United States Constitution. In the United States, the federal Congress has the authority to enforce various rights, including those in the Thirteenth Amendment, which prohibits slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment, which binds the states to respect due process, and the Fifteenth Amendment, which contains a partial right to vote. While section 31 denies remedial powers in respect of the Charter for Parliament and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6492427", "score": "0.9171257", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "based upon Parliamentary supremacy. As a result, the Charter has attracted both broad support from a majority of the Canadian electorate and criticisms by opponents of increased judicial power. The Charter only applies to government laws and actions (including the laws and actions of federal, provincial, and municipal governments and public school boards), and sometimes to the common law, not to private activity. Under the Charter, people physically present in Canada have numerous civil and political rights. Most of the rights can be exercised by any legal person (the Charter does not define the corporation as a \"legal person\"), but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1181434", "score": "0.9098622", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Canadian Tribute to Human Rights", "text": "Canadian Tribute to Human Rights The Canadian Tribute to Human Rights, also known as the Human Rights Monument, is a monumental sculpture located at the corner of Lisgar and Elgin streets in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was designed by Montreal artist and architect Melvin Charney and unveiled by Tenzin Gyatso, the fourteenth Dalai Lama, on September 30, 1990. The location of the Monument, immediately adjacent to Ottawa City Hall and close to the Parliamentary precinct, combined with its dedication to human rights, has led to it becoming the focus for a wide range of demonstrations by groups including anti-racism and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7986472", "score": "0.90774554", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "of the Act, may be collectively referred to as the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\". Many of the rights and freedoms that are protected under the Charter, including the rights to freedom of speech, habeas corpus and the presumption of innocence, have their roots in a set of Canadian laws and legal precedents sometimes known as the Implied Bill of Rights. Many of these rights were also included in the Canadian Bill of Rights, which the Canadian Parliament enacted in 1960. However, the Canadian Bill of Rights had a number of shortcomings. Unlike the Charter, it was an ordinary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1181440", "score": "0.90363044", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Craig Scott (politician)", "text": "the aftermath of the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. He also advised rights seeking groups in Canada in regards to legal challenges using the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and assisted Maher Arar in his lawsuit against the Canadian government. Scott was selected as the New Democratic Party's candidate for the Toronto—Danforth by-election on January 9, 2012. He won the seat on March 19, 2012 winning 59% of the vote, despite a strong campaign by second-place Liberal finisher, Grant Gordon. Scott was defeated for re-election in 2015 by Liberal Julie Dabrusin amid the massive Liberal wave that swept through Toronto. Craig", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16208757", "score": "0.9028619", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 7 of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government in Canada. There are three types of protection within the section: the right to life, liberty and security of the person. Denials of these rights are constitutional only if the denials do not breach what is referred to as fundamental justice. This \"Charter\" provision provides both substantive and procedural rights. It has broad application beyond merely protecting due process in administrative proceedings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4748708", "score": "0.9028202", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Jody Wilson-Raybould", "text": "Judge Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi, President of the International Criminal Court (ICC), unveiled an Inuit inukshuk which had been donated to the ICC by the Government of Canada to mark Canada’s support for the ICC. The unveiling took place at the ICC's premises in The Hague. Jody Wilson-Raybould Jody Wilson-Raybould (born March 23, 1971) is a Kwakwaka’wakw Canadian politician and the Liberal Member of Parliament for the riding of Vancouver Granville. She was sworn in as Minister of Justice of Canada on November 4, 2015. Before entering Canadian federal politics, she was a Crown Prosecutor for British Columbia, a Treaty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18507058", "score": "0.8997676", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, and the last of three democratic rights in the Charter. Its role is to establish a rule regarding how frequently the Parliament of Canada and the legislatures of the provinces and territories of Canada must meet. This section is thus meant to reflect and constitutionally guarantee a \"basic democratic principle\" that \"a government must explain its actions to the people.\" The section reads, Section 5 guarantees that, since Parliament and each legislature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6496306", "score": "0.89857566", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Bylaw enforcement officer", "text": "Officers, and Litter Officers. These positions are granted role-specific powers under legislation. Common parts of their roles include enforcing bylaws made by the local council, such as dog-leash rules or parking restrictions. Abuse against these government employees is commonplace and safety measures have started to take effect, such as body-worn cameras. Within Canadian jurisdictions, the term Bylaw Enforcement Officer may refer to one or more classes of employees charged with enforcing bylaws, such as Animal Control Officers, Parking & Traffic Enforcement Officers, Property Use Inspectors, Building Inspectors, and others, but more commonly refers to a person employed in a uniformed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11280767", "score": "0.89823425", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms () is a statutory bill of rights and human rights code passed by the National Assembly of Quebec on June 27, 1975. It received Royal Assent from Lieutenant Governor Hugues Lapointe, coming into effect on June 28, 1976. Introduced by the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa, the charter followed extensive preparatory work that began under the Union Nationale government of Daniel Johnson. The charter ranks among other quasi-constitutional Quebec laws, such as the Charter of the French Language and the Act respecting Access to documents held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2320346", "score": "0.8972064", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 33 of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" is part of the Constitution of Canada. It is commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (or in French), or as the override power, and it allows Parliament or provincial legislatures to override certain portions of the \"Charter. The section states: The Parliament of Canada, a provincial legislature or a territorial legislature may declare that one of its laws or part of a law applies temporarily (\"notwithstanding\") countermanding sections of the \"Charter\", thereby nullifying any judicial review by overriding the \"Charter\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1134053", "score": "0.8970494", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Minister for Youth Protection and Rehabilitation (Quebec)", "text": "Minister for Youth Protection and Rehabilitation (Quebec) The Minister of Youth Protection and Rehabilitation (Quebec) (French: Ministre déléguée à la Protection de la jeunesse et à la Réadaptation) is responsible for the protection of youths and youth legal affairs in the province of Quebec. In Québec, the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms recognizes the fundamental rights and freedoms of all individuals, whatever their age. These rights include: In addition, the Charter specifically recognizes that every child has a right to the protection, security and attention that his or her parents, or the persons acting in their stead, are capable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8871026", "score": "0.89690334", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Human Rights and Responsibilities\" fulfils a similar purpose. Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 33 of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" is part of the Constitution of Canada. It is commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (or in French), or as the override power, and it allows Parliament or provincial legislatures to override certain portions of the \"Charter. The section states: The Parliament of Canada, a provincial legislature or a territorial legislature may declare that one of its laws or part of a law applies temporarily (\"notwithstanding\") countermanding sections of the \"Charter\", thereby", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1134074", "score": "0.89606833", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Richard Warman", "text": "the Saul Hayes Human Rights Award from the Canadian Jewish Congress in June 2007 for \"distinguished service to the cause of human rights\". Warman holds a Bachelor of Arts in Drama from Queen's University, a Bachelor of Law from the University of Windsor, and a Masters of Law from McGill University. Warman has initiated a large number of complaints against groups and individuals, alleging violations of Section 13(1) of the Canadian Human Rights Act. He has been identified as the primary complainant under this provision. His targets include the Canadian Heritage Alliance and its leader Melissa Guille; Jason Ouwendyk and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11033343", "score": "0.89398944", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "text": "Dyment\" (1988), the Court defined it simply as the \"taking of a thing from a person by a public authority without that person's consent.\" This meaning has been narrowed to cover property taken in furtherance of administration or criminal investigation (\"Quebec (Attorney General) v. Laroche\", [2002]). Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides everyone in Canada with protection against unreasonable search and seizure. This right provides Canadians with their primary source of constitutionally enforced privacy rights against unreasonable intrusion from the state. Typically, this protects personal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6233685", "score": "0.8921274", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Bylaw enforcement officer", "text": "Act\". There is a common misconception that all bylaw officers are community peace officers. However, a person appointed as a community peace officer can only enforce provincial acts and regulations. A community peace officer is not authorized to enforce municipal bylaws unless they are also appointed under the authority of the \"Municipal Government Act\", or if the specific bylaw states it can be enforced by a community peace officer working for that municipality. There are a number of municipalities in Alberta whose officers enforce only municipal bylaws as bylaw officers, others that only enforce provincial acts as community peace officers,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11280763", "score": "0.8920104", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Human rights in Canada", "text": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. In 1960, the Parliament of Canada enacted the Canadian Bill of Rights. The trend towards legal protections for human rights culminated in the enactment of the \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" in 1982, an entrenched constitutional charter of human rights. Human rights in Canada are now given legal protections by the dual mechanisms of the Charter and the statutory human rights codes, both federal and provincial. The Charter provides individuals with constitutional rights which governments must respect. The statutory human rights codes provide individuals with rights binding on governments, and also in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12509017", "score": "0.8916382", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "David Corbett (lawyer)", "text": "funding, was obligated to obey laws outlawing discrimination, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Mr Corbett succeeded in winning an injunction against the school that forced it not only to allow Mr Hall to take his boyfriend but forbade the school from cancelling the event. The injunction did not, however, make any final ruling outside of this particular case in regards to the role of religious freedoms as they relate to the rights of same-sex couples. In 2005, 2 years after David Corbett was appointed Canadian Superior Justice, Mr Hall dropped his pending court case. Director Larry Peloso", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11584982", "score": "0.89055276", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "RightOnCanada.ca", "text": "of Canada and the former director of the BC Human Rights Commission. Currently, she is the President of the Rotterdam Convention Alliance and is a senior advisor on human rights to the Rideau Institute. RightOnCanada.ca is an independent organization and does not receive government funding. The only funding it receives is from individual donors. It has purposefully not sought charitable tax status so that it is not restricted in its activism and lobbying activities. The campaign uses, what is refers to as, a holistic approach. Human rights and the environment are deeply interconnected and therefore these issues cannot be dealt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14374415", "score": "0.89047843", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "Ledger" ]

[ { "title": "Kevin Michael Richardson", "text": "Kevin Michael Richardson Kevin Michael Richardson (born October 25, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor, who has played a multitude of characters in animated series and video games. He is known for his distinctively deep voice and has been playing mostly villainous characters since the 1990s. For voicing the Joker in \"The Batman\" (2004–08), he was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards. A classically trained actor and a native of the Bronx, New York, Richardson first gained recognition as one of only eight U.S. high school students selected for the National Foundation for the Arts' \"Arts '82\" program.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5629089", "score": "1.053626", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Brendon Miller", "text": "Brendon Miller Brendon Miller (born August 30, 1976) is an American pornographic actor and musician. In 2012, Miller portrayed the Joker in \"The Dark Knight XXX\". He won the 2013 XBIZ Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film. Although he retired from performing in 2014 to focus on his music career, he returned to the industry in 2015 to reprise his role as the Joker for \"Batman v Superman XXX: An Axel Braun Parody\". Miller edits approximately half of the movies that Stormy Daniels produces. Miller is the lead singer of a band called The Wicked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17450514", "score": "1.0289036", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Dark Knight (film)", "text": "The Joker burns the money before killing Lau and the Chechen. Coleman Reese, an accountant at Wayne Enterprises, deduces that Bruce is Batman and threatens to publicize the information. Not wanting Reese's revelation to interfere with his plans, the Joker threatens to destroy a hospital unless Reese is killed within an hour. All hospitals are evacuated and Gordon travels to secure Reese. The Joker, disguised as a hospital nurse, discovers Dent's ward and hands him a gun, convincing him to seek revenge for Rachel's death. The Joker then destroys the hospital and escapes with a busload of hostages. Dent goes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7290536", "score": "1.0223885", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Joker in other media", "text": "City villains the Penguin, the Riddler and Catwoman. Jack Nicholson played the Joker in Tim Burton's 1989 film \"Batman\". The \"Newsweek\" review of the film stated that the best scenes are due to the surreal black comedy portrayed in the Joker. In 2003, American Film Institute ranked Nicholson's performance #45 on their list of 50 greatest film villains. Hugo Blick and David U. Hodges play younger versions of the character in flashbacks in \"Batman\" and \"Batman Forever\", respectively. In the film, Jack Napier is the right-hand man of mob boss Carl Grissom prior to his transformation into the Joker. During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12137400", "score": "1.0024993", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Christian Bale filmography", "text": "\"Batman\" film trilogy entitled \"The Dark Knight Rises\" as Wayne / Batman. As with its prequels, the film received positive acclaim from movie critics. \"The Dark Knight Rises\" has earned more than $1 billion worldwide thus becoming the third highest-grossing film of 2012. For his role as Michael Burry in the biographical dramedy \"The Big Short\", he was nominated for an Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor. Christian Bale filmography British actor Christian Bale has starred in various movies. Bale's role of a young boy, interned in China by the Japanese, received praise from most film critics.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16767864", "score": "0.99828106", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "John Nolan (British actor)", "text": "John Nolan (British actor) John Nolan (born 22 May 1938) is a British film and television actor. He is known for his role as Wayne Enterprises board member Douglas Fredericks in \"Batman Begins\", the \"Gotham Central\" promotional segments for \"The Dark Knight\", and \"The Dark Knight Rises\". Nolan had a recurring role in his nephew Jonathan Nolan's television series \"Person of Interest\" as John Greer, a mysterious British figure connected with Decima Technologies and the main villain from seasons three to five of the show. Nolan was born in London, England, and has been married to Kim Hartman since 1975.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17444891", "score": "0.99707603", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Joker (The Dark Knight)", "text": "M&A law accountant Coleman Reese (Joshua Harto) from revealing Batman's alter ego on TV, the Joker announces that he will blow up a hospital if Reese is not dead within 60 minutes. During the panic, the Joker sneaks into Gotham General Hospital disguised as a nurse to meet with Dent, and persuades him to take revenge on the people he holds responsible for Rachel's death. He then blows up the hospital and takes a busload of hostages. The Joker rigs explosives on two ferries leaving the Gotham bay, one containing citizens and the other transporting criminals, and tells the passengers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12927806", "score": "0.99523556", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Steven Molony", "text": "Steven Molony Steven Molony (born March 16) is an American actor, screenwriter, and film producer. His film roles include \"Pinching Penny\", for which he received the award for Best Leading Actor in a Feature Film from the 2011 Indie Fest. He played both Dr. Jeremiah Arkham and Batman in the webseries \"The Joker Blogs\". He starred as identical twin brothers in the feature film \"Efficiency\", for which he also wrote the screenplay. As a part of the film's fundraising on Kickstarter, Molony offered to perform randomly selected stunts for a $5 donation. It went on to play at both Dances", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16396692", "score": "0.9905013", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Batman (1989 film)", "text": "protest letters sent to Warner Bros. offices. Bob Kane, Sam Hamm and Michael Uslan also heavily questioned the casting. \"Obviously there was a negative response from the comic book people. I think they thought we were going to make it like the 1960s TV series, and make it campy, because they thought of Michael Keaton from \"Mr. Mom\" and \"Night Shift\" and stuff like that.\" Keaton studied \"The Dark Knight Returns\" for inspiration. Brad Dourif, Tim Curry, David Bowie, John Lithgow and James Woods were considered for the Joker. Lithgow, during his audition, attempted to talk Burton out of casting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "52656", "score": "0.9869432", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Heath Ledger", "text": "Ledger died on 22 January 2008 from an accidental intoxication from prescription drugs. A few months before his death, Ledger had finished filming his performance as The Joker in The Dark Knight. His death occurred during editing of The Dark Knight and in the midst of filming his last role as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. His untimely death cast a shadow over the subsequent promotion of the $185 million Batman production. Ledger received numerous posthumous accolades for his critically acclaimed performance in the film, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards (for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously), the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor, the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Joker (musician)", "text": "Joker (musician) Liam McLean (born 30 January 1989), better known by his stage name Joker, is a British record producer who creates music in genres such as dubstep and grime and was known for creating the subgenre \"purple sound\". He was named \"2009 king of bass music\" by XLR8R Magazine and was featured in the September 2009 issue of \"The Wire\" magazine. He has contributed to two releases produced by the London-based record company Hyperdub. He also runs his own label known as Kapsize Recordings. His debut album \"The Vision\" was released on October 31, 2011 through independent label 4AD.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15230800", "score": "0.9773349", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Dark Knight Rises", "text": "The Dark Knight Rises The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 American-British superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer. Featuring the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the final installment in Nolan's \"The Dark Knight Trilogy\", and the sequel to \"The Dark Knight\" (2008). Christian Bale reprises the lead role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, with a returning cast of allies: Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Gary Oldman as James Gordon, and Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox. The film introduces Selina Kyle (Anne Hathaway) and Bane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14967104", "score": "0.9753979", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Joker (character)", "text": "Batman\" (1977, voiced by Lennie Weinrib) and \"\" (1985, voiced by Frank Welker). A darker version of the Joker (played by Jack Nicholson) made his film debut in 1989's \"Batman\", which earned over $400 million at the worldwide box office. The role was a defining performance in Nicholson's career and was considered to overshadow Batman's, with film critic Roger Ebert saying that the audience must sometimes remind themselves not to root for the Joker. \"Batman\"s success led to the 1992 television series, \"\". Voiced by Mark Hamill, the Joker retained the darker tone of the comics in stories acceptable for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "960763", "score": "0.9730265", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Dark Knight (film)", "text": "Batman from Fox and plans to reveal it to Gotham. Melinda McGraw appears as Barbara Gordon, Gordon's wife, while Nathan Gamble appears as James Gordon Jr., Gordon's ten-year-old son. Michael Jai White portrays Gambol, a African mafia boss in charge of illegal gambling and extortion for the mob. Colin McFarlane reprises his role as Gillian B. Loeb, the Police Commissioner of Gotham. The film's supporting cast includes Nydia Rodriguez Terracina as Judge Janet Surrillo, and Tom \"Tiny\" Lister Jr. as a prison inmate on one of the bomb-rigged ferries. William Fichtner played the Gotham National Bank manager, and Cillian Murphy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7290541", "score": "0.9659008", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "John Nolan (British actor)", "text": "He has a son and a daughter. He is the paternal uncle of brothers Christopher and Jonathan Nolan. John Nolan (British actor) John Nolan (born 22 May 1938) is a British film and television actor. He is known for his role as Wayne Enterprises board member Douglas Fredericks in \"Batman Begins\", the \"Gotham Central\" promotional segments for \"The Dark Knight\", and \"The Dark Knight Rises\". Nolan had a recurring role in his nephew Jonathan Nolan's television series \"Person of Interest\" as John Greer, a mysterious British figure connected with Decima Technologies and the main villain from seasons three to five", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17444892", "score": "0.96512836", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Mugamoodi", "text": "Joker / Scarecrow from English films, \"The Dark Knight and Batman Begins respectively.\" Narain claimed that his villainy in the film would be totally brutal. His character in the movie has no shades and is absolutely negative. In early July 2011, sources reported that Amala Paul had been signed up to portray the lead female character in the film, which the actress dismissed, with Dhananjayan of UTV also confirming that Amala was not approached for the role. Pooja Hegde, second runner up of the 2011 Miss Universe India beauty pageant was eventually finalized as the female lead. K, who had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13606499", "score": "0.96362495", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Christian Bale", "text": "serial killer Patrick Bateman in \"American Psycho\" (2000). In 2004, he lost 63 pounds for his role in the psychological thriller \"The Machinist\" (2004). Within six months, he gained 100 pounds to star as Batman in Christopher Nolan's superhero film \"Batman Begins\" (2005). He later reprised his role in \"The Dark Knight\" and \"The Dark Knight Rises\". Bale continued to take on starring roles, in Nolan's period drama \"The Prestige\" (2006), the western \"\" (2007), the science fiction film \"Terminator Salvation\" (2009), and the crime drama \"Public Enemies\" (2009). He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2166831", "score": "0.9590274", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "The Dark Knight Rises", "text": "priest at the orphanage that Blake grew up in. Brett Cullen portrays Byron Gilley, a U.S. congressman who is kidnapped on Harvey Dent Day by Kyle. Cillian Murphy reprises his role as Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow from previous films, as does Liam Neeson as Ra's al Ghul, who appears to Bruce in a hallucination. Josh Pence portrays Ra's al Ghul in scenes set thirty years before the events of \"Batman Begins\". Nestor Carbonell also returns as Anthony Garcia, Gotham's mayor. Other cast members include Aidan Gillen as CIA agent Bill Wilson (referred to solely as \"CIA\" in the film's dialogue;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14967116", "score": "0.9587145", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Christian Bale filmography", "text": "Hugh Jackman and Scarlett Johansson. It received positive reviews and was a commercial success in the box office. Bale co-starred with Russell Crowe in the Western \"\" (2007) which was positively received by movie critics. Bale reprised his role as Wayne / Batman in the second part of Nolan's \"Batman\" film series, the sequel of 2005's \"Batman Begins\" entitled \"The Dark Knight\" (2008). After its release, the film received highly positive reviews and is considered one of the best films of the 2000s. It grossed more than $1 billion worldwide. A year later, he starred in the fourth installment of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16767862", "score": "0.9543451", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Batman: The Dark Knight Returns (film)", "text": "Joker, he admits to feeling responsible for every murder Joker has committed and intends to stop him permanently. In the ensuing fight, Joker stabs Batman repeatedly, and Batman breaks Joker's neck in front of witnesses. Content that he made Batman lose control and that he will be branded a murderer, the Joker finishes twisting his neck, killing himself. The GCPD arrive and Batman, bleeding profusely, fights his way to Kelley and escapes. After Superman deflects a Soviet nuclear missile, he is hit with the blast and badly injured; the detonation creates an electromagnetic pulse that wipes out all electrical equipment", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16758463", "score": "0.95278645", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Cinema of Wales", "text": "Academy Award for his role in the 1959 version of \"Ben Hur\". One of the biggest movie stars to come out of Wales is Oscar winning actor Christian Bale. He is well known for portraying Batman/Bruce Wayne in critically and commercially acclaimed The Dark Knight Trilogy. He has been nominated three times for The Fighter, American Hustle and The Big Short. The most distinctive Welsh actor of the 1990s through to the 2000s was Anthony Hopkins. Hopkins has appeared in film since the 1960s, starring in Hollywood costume dramas such as \"The Lion in Winter\". Starring in films as diverse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8977735", "score": "0.9527205", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "David Mazouz", "text": "has also appeared in the ABC show \"Private Practice\" as the adopted brother of Betsy. In 2014, Mazouz was cast in the role of a younger Bruce Wayne in Fox's TV series \"Gotham\". In 2016, he had leading roles in the horror films \"The Darkness\", as Michael Taylor, and \"Incarnate\", as Cameron. David Mazouz David Albert Mazouz (; born February 19, 2001) is an American actor. He had several guest roles before joining Fox's TV series \"Touch\" (2012–13), for which he was nominated for a Young Artist Award. Since 2014 he has portrayed a young Bruce Wayne in Fox's \"Gotham\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16403549", "score": "0.9521053", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Frances Conroy", "text": "Twitter that Conroy would appear in \"\", marking her sixth appearance on the show.. In July 2018, it was announced that Conroy had finalized a deal to appear in the 2019 film \"\"Joker\"\" an original story film of the Batman supervillain The Joker.On August 7, 2018, Ryan Murphy announced via Twitter that Conroy would appear in \"\", marking her seventh appearance on the show. Frances Conroy Frances Hardman Conroy (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Ruth Fisher on the television series \"Six Feet Under\". Her work on the show won her acclaim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4861580", "score": "0.9519676", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker", "text": "the Joker, also voiced Jordan Pryce, a red herring character, in the film, in order to deceive the public about the new Joker's true identity. Tara Strong, who voiced Barbara Gordon/Batgirl, was first credited as Tara Charendoff, her maiden name. For the scene of the old Harley Quinn, Bruce Timm originally wanted to cast an old actress for the role, but at the end, he decided to maintain Arleen Sorkin in the role. In the early drafts of the film's script, Joker's sidekick Harley Quinn was originally set to be killed in the flashback sequence. However, a short scene near", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3857979", "score": "0.95071566", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Tom Hardy", "text": "tournament against his brother, gained praise from critics. Hardy also starred in \"This Means War\" (2012), a romantic comedy directed by McG. He played the supervillain Bane in \"The Dark Knight Rises\", the final film in Christopher Nolan's \"The Dark Knight Trilogy\", released on 20 July 2012. He played a bootlegger in John Hillcoat's crime drama \"Lawless\" (2012). Hardy has signed up to play the lead role of Sam Fisher in Ubisoft's upcoming film adaptation of their video game series \"Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell\". He also appeared in Riz Mc's music video for the song \"Sour Times\". In 2014, Hardy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4987454", "score": "0.94958913", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "The Dark Knight (film)", "text": "reveals his identity, and starts by murdering Police Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb and the judge presiding over the mob trial. The Joker also tries to kill Mayor Anthony Garcia, but Gordon sacrifices himself to stop the assassination. Dent kidnaps one of Joker’s henchmen and learns that Rachel is the next target. Bruce decides to reveal his secret identity to prevent more deaths. Before he can, however, Dent falsely announces that \"he\" is Batman. Dent is taken into protective custody, but the Joker appears and attacks the convoy. Batman comes to Dent's rescue and Gordon, who faked his death, apprehends the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7290534", "score": "0.9468505", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "Bruce Timm", "text": "episode \"Legends of the Dark Mite\" in a comic book convention parody scene, where he was wearing Joker's costume, along with Paul Dini wearing Harley Quinn's costume. Prior to that he was animated in \"The Batman\", appearing as a mental patient in Arkham. He also played a guard in the direct-to-video animated film \"\". Timm made a cameo appearance in the 2009 film \"\" as Bug Boy, played The Riddler in the 2010 film \"\", and Galius Zed in the 2011 film \"\". While Timm is known primarily for his work in animation, his first ambition was to become a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4961535", "score": "0.9437294", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "DC Universe Animated Original Movies", "text": "to reprise his role as The Joker. On July 27, Collider reported that Hamill will voice The Joker in the film and ComicBook.com spoke with Kevin Conroy who has stated he would reprise his voice role as Bruce Wayne / Batman \"in a heartbeat\". On March 14, 2016 it was officially announced that Conroy and Hamill would reprise their roles as Batman and Joker respectively in the film alongside Tara Strong returning to voice Barbara Gordon. The film also features Ray Wise as Commissioner Gordon, Robin Atkin Downes as Harvey Bullock, Brian George as Alfred Pennyworth, and Rick D. Wasserman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11643724", "score": "0.9431853", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "Joker (The Dark Knight)", "text": "on the \"clown\". Later, the Joker kills Gambol and takes over his gang. After learning that Batman has retrieved Lau, Maroni and the Chechen accept the Joker's offer. The Joker announces that people will die each day until Batman reveals his true identity, and makes good on his threat by assassinating Gotham Police Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb (Colin McFarlane) and mob trial Judge Janet Surillo (Nydia Rodriguez Terracina). When Gotham's district attorney, Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart), attempts to draw him out by identifying himself as Batman, the Joker tries to kidnap him, only to be arrested. Batman interrogates him after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12927804", "score": "0.939831", "original_retrieval_index": 59 }, { "title": "Joker (The Dark Knight)", "text": "Dent goes missing. The Joker also reveals that Dent's girlfriend (and Bruce Wayne's childhood sweetheart) Rachel Dawes (Maggie Gyllenhaal) has also gone missing and divulges their separate locations, both rigged up to time bombs. Switching their whereabouts, the Joker tricks Batman into saving Dent, who is disfigured in the explosion, while Rachel is killed. The Joker then escapes the police station with Lau, who had previously fled to Hong Kong only to be captured by Batman. The Joker kills Lau and the Chechen, burns his half of the mob's money and takes over the Chechen's gang. To prevent Wayne Enterprises", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12927805", "score": "0.93979716", "original_retrieval_index": 61 } ]

[ "President Lyndon Johnson", "Guy Carawan", "Lucille Simmons" ]

[ { "title": "Benjamin Mays", "text": "signed by a U.S. president. The petition was sent once more in 2012 to U.S. President Barack Obama, yet failed to be awarded. Benjamin Mays Benjamin Elijah Mays (August 1, 1894 – March 28, 1984) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the African-American civil rights movement. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists: Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. His rhetoric and intellectual work focused on notions of nonviolence and civil resistance–beliefs inspired by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. The peak", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4238407", "score": "1.0152978", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Selma to Montgomery marches", "text": "the Civil Rights Movement. He adopted language associated with Dr. King, declaring that \"it is not just Negroes, but really it is all of us, who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice. And we \"shall\" overcome.\" Afterward, King sent a telegram to Johnson congratulating him for his speech, calling it \"the most moving eloquent unequivocal and passionate plea for human rights ever made by any president of this nation\". Johnson's Voting Rights Bill was formally introduced in Congress two days later. A week after Reeb's death, on Wednesday March 17, federal Judge Johnson ruled in favor of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3105814", "score": "1.0045161", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Pete Seeger", "text": "closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement and in 1963 helped organize a landmark Carnegie Hall concert, featuring the youthful Freedom Singers, as a benefit for the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee. This event and Martin Luther King's March on Washington in August of that year brought the Civil Rights anthem \"We Shall Overcome\" to wide audiences where he sang it on the 50-mile walk from Selma to Montgomery, Ala. along with 1,000 other marchers. By this time, Seeger was a senior figure in the 1960s folk revival centered in Greenwich Village, as a longtime columnist in \"Sing Out!\", the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1274123", "score": "0.9974184", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Fay Bellamy Powell", "text": "of the Black World, a group of people committed to strengthening the ability of Black communities in the United States to thrive in society. As a continuation of her involvement in the empowerment of African-Americans, Bellamy Powell played a key role in the foundation of multiple organizations: the National Anti-Klan Network, and the We Shall Overcome Fund. The latter of which was founded to nurture grassroots efforts within African-American communities to combat injustice. Working with the Highlander Folk School, Bellamy Powell served on the board of the We Shall Overcome Fund at a social justice leadership and training center for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17498234", "score": "0.990061", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Silent Vigil at Duke University", "text": "participants would join hands to sing \"We Shall Overcome\" as a tribute to the Reverend and his legacy in the Civil Rights Movement. On Friday, April 5, 1968, the vigil began in front of the Duke Chapel on West Campus at noon. Three hours later, around 450 students and faculty marched through the rain to Duke President Douglas Knight's house. Those protestors would remain in Knight's house for the next several days. Saturday afternoon, they were joined by another group of about 350 faculty, workers, and students from Duke and North Carolina College, a black university. Later that evening, after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17981278", "score": "0.98403823", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Guy Carawan", "text": "to lead the singing, and he closed the first evening with \"We Shall Overcome.\" The audience stood, linked hands and sang—and went away inspired, carrying the song to meetings and demonstrations across the South. According to his wife Candie, one of Guy's most important roles during the Civil Rights Movement—more so than introducing \"We Shall Overcome\" as a Freedom Song—was his desire to record and archive the evolution of the movement through song. Both Guy and Candie believe that the political usage of religious and folk music could shape movements and influence people to take action in social change, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2109316", "score": "0.9832121", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "We Shall Overcome", "text": "in jail in 1959–1960. Because of this, Carawan has been reluctant to claim credit for the song's widespread popularity. In the PBS video \"We Shall Overcome\", Julian Bond credits Carawan with teaching and singing the song at the founding meeting of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1960. From there, it spread orally and became an anthem of Southern African American labor union and civil rights activism. Seeger has also publicly, in concert, credited Carawan with the primary role of teaching and popularizing the song within the Civil Rights Movement. In August 1963, 22-year old folksinger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2109449", "score": "0.98318654", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Day of Affirmation Address", "text": "American civil rights movement was ongoing. He emphasizes inclusiveness and the importance of youth involvement in society. The speech shook up the political situation in South Africa and received praise in the media. It is often considered his greatest and most famous speech. Kennedy was first invited to give the address at the National Union of South African Students (NUSAS)'s annual \"Day of Reaffirmation of Academic and Human Freedom\" in the autumn of 1965 by union president Ian Robertson. The \"Day of Affirmation\" (as it was known in short) was an assembly designed to directly oppose the South African government's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11299432", "score": "0.9752641", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "We Shall Overcome", "text": "similar sermon delivered in 1965 before an interfaith congregation at Temple Israel in Hollywood, California: \"We Shall Overcome\" was sung days later by over fifty thousand attendees at Dr. King's funeral. Farmworkers in the United States later sang the song in Spanish during the strikes and grape boycotts of the late 1960s. The song was notably sung by the U.S. Senator for New York Robert F. Kennedy, when he led anti-Apartheid crowds in choruses from the rooftop of his car while touring South Africa in 1966. It was also the song which Abie Nathan chose to broadcast as the anthem", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2109451", "score": "0.9747917", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "We Shall Overcome", "text": "The song became associated with the Civil Rights Movement from 1959, when Guy Carawan stepped in with his and Seeger's version as song leader at Highlander, which was then focused on nonviolent civil rights activism. It quickly became the movement's unofficial anthem. Seeger and other famous folksingers in the early 1960s, such as Joan Baez, sang the song at rallies, folk festivals, and concerts in the North and helped make it widely known. Since its rise to prominence, the song, and songs based on it, have been used in a variety of protests worldwide.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Margaret Traxler", "text": "returned to using her baptismal name, began devoting herself to advocacy on behalf of interracial justice and the rights of women in society and in the Catholic Church, She took part in the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965, singing \"We Shall Overcome\". Just prior to Selma, she joined the staff of the National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice, based in Chicago, serving successively as Assistant Director and Director of its Department of Educational Services (1965–1971) and as Executive Director (1971–1973). During this period she marched in the front row in Selma, Alabama, with 12 other Religious Sisters, and, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12243810", "score": "0.9725457", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ralph Abernathy", "text": "simple inscription: \"I TRIED.\" During his lifetime, Abernathy was honored with more than 300 awards and citations, including five honorary doctorate degrees. He received a Doctor of Divinity from Morehouse College, a Doctor of Divinity from Kalamazoo College in Michigan, a Doctor of Laws from Allen University of South Carolina, a Doctor of Laws from Long Island University in New York, and a Doctor of Laws at Alabama State University. Ralph Abernathy Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was an American civil rights activist and Christian minister. As a leader of the nonviolent Civil Rights", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1518086", "score": "0.96903706", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Martin Luther King Jr.", "text": "struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. He also helped organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In 1965, he helped organize the Selma to Montgomery marches. The following year, he and the SCLC took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. In his final years, he expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty and the Vietnam War. He alienated many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271033", "score": "0.96643054", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Alphonzo E. Bell Jr.", "text": "personal friends with Clarence Mitchell, Jr. of the NAACP. He and Mitchell walked side by side during the March on Washington with Martin Luther King and both were honored by being seated behind the podium in front of the Lincoln Memorial as King delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech in 1963. Writing later about passage of the historic 1964 legislation, Bell said: \"I am proud to have supported the Civil Rights Act from the first. It was a bill that embraced the goal of equal opportunity for all people. A coalition of lawmakers forged a consensus on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7356596", "score": "0.96616477", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries", "text": "constitutional amendment to allow school prayer, tension continued to mount. Senator Ted Kennedy made a stop in the state to denounce him, and both of Indiana's Democratic senators campaigned against him. At a speaking engagement at the University of Notre Dame, Wallace was interrupted when nearly 500 of the 5,000-member audience began heckling him while protesters outside sang the civil rights anthem \"We Shall Overcome\". During the campaign, Welsh took part in a Civil War Centennial Tour wherein he visited the capitals of each of the southern states, except Alabama, and held official ceremonies to return the Confederate battle flags", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13546284", "score": "0.9659453", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Selma to Montgomery marches", "text": "movement which reaches into every section and state of America. It is the effort of American Negroes to secure for themselves the full blessings of American life. Their cause must be our cause, too, because it is not just Negroes but really it is all of us who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice. And we shall overcome. Many in the Civil Rights movement cheered the speech and were emotionally moved that after so long, and so hard a struggle, a President was finally willing to defend voting rights for blacks. According to C.T. Vivian, an SCLC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3105828", "score": "0.95651835", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Benjamin Mays", "text": "Benjamin Mays Benjamin Elijah Mays (August 1, 1894 – March 28, 1984) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the African-American civil rights movement. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists: Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. His rhetoric and intellectual work focused on notions of nonviolence and civil resistance–beliefs inspired by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. The peak of his public influence occurred during his almost thirty years as the 6th President of Morehouse College, a historically black institution of higher", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4238355", "score": "0.9561588", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Joan Baez", "text": "anything.\". She performed at the White House on February 10, 2010, as part of an evening celebrating the music associated with the civil rights movement, performing \"We Shall Overcome\". On March 18, 2011, Baez was honored by Amnesty International at its 50th Anniversary Annual General Meeting in San Francisco. The tribute to Baez was the inaugural event for the Amnesty International Joan Baez Award for Outstanding Inspirational Service in the Global Fight for Human Rights. Baez was presented with the first award in recognition of her human rights work with Amnesty International and beyond, and the inspiration she has given", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "614715", "score": "0.95602775", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Civil rights movement", "text": "call from Martin Luther King Jr. in St. Augustine, Florida, in June 1964, where the largest mass arrest of rabbis in American history took place at the Monson Motor Lodgea nationally important civil rights landmark that was demolished in 2003 so that a Hilton Hotel could be built on the site. Abraham Joshua Heschel, a writer, rabbi, and professor of theology at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York, was outspoken on the subject of civil rights. He marched arm-in-arm with Dr. King in the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march. In the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "594287", "score": "0.95548975", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Council for United Civil Rights Leadership", "text": "agreed to the CUCRL bargain, they gained access to the resources of the white power structure: As a result, the March did not threaten systemic racism: King announced in October 1963 that he was assigning all rights to the recording of his \"I Have a Dream\" speech to the Council. The Council subsequently released an official recording of speeches at the March, titled \"We Shall Overcome\". It includes speeches from King, Wilkins, Young, Rustin, Lewis, Randolph, Walter Reuther, and Joachim Prinz, as well as music from Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Odetta, Marian Anderson, and Peter, Paul & Mary. This record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17314266", "score": "0.9546485", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "We Shall Overcome", "text": "of the Voice of Peace radio station on October 1, 1993, and as a result it found its way back to South Africa in the later years of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association adopted \"we shall overcome\" as a slogan and used it in the title of its retrospective publication, \"We Shall Overcome – The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968–1978\". The film \"Bloody Sunday\" depicts march leader and MP Ivan Cooper leading the song shortly before 1972's Bloody Sunday shootings. In 1997, the Christian men's ministry, Promise Keepers featured the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2109452", "score": "0.95447224", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Civil rights movement", "text": "Her dignity revived courage and hope in many of the Movement's members, confirming her place as the new leader in the struggle for racial equality. Coretta Scott King said, Rev. Ralph Abernathy succeeded King as the head of the SCLC and attempted to carry forth King's plan for a Poor People's March. It was to unite blacks and whites to campaign for fundamental changes in American society and economic structure. The march went forward under Abernathy's plainspoken leadership but did not achieve its goals. As 1968 began, the fair housing bill was being filibustered once again, but two developments revived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "594258", "score": "0.95401126", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Evelyn G. Lowery", "text": "awardees are recognized by their contributions to the cause of freedom, equality, and achievement in their professional fields. A partial list of awardees includes Rosa Parks, The Original Tuskegee Airmen, Rev. Hosea Williams, Maya Angelou, Harry Belafonte, Bill Cosby, Oprah Winfrey, Dr. Mae Jemison, Andrew Young, Rev. Jesse Jackson, Sr., and James Meredith. She was also responsible for the erection of the Civil Rights Freedom Wall in Perry County, Alabama, and monuments honoring movement icons such as Viola Liuzzo, John Lewis and Hosea Williams. In 2004 Lowery was herself honored at the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11265713", "score": "0.95220983", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Newport Folk Festival", "text": "Bikel and the Freedom Singers. The singers stood in a single line facing the audience with crossed arms and clasped hands and began to sing a variation on the Baptist hymn \"I'll Overcome Some Day\". The hymn's new incarnation - \"We Shall Overcome\" - had become an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement. In 1928, Mississippi John Hurt, a self-taught amateur musician and farmer, recorded 13 songs for Okeh Records which failed to achieve commercial success. Believing his musical career to be over, Hurt continued farming, apparently thinking little of his brief recording gig. Post WWII, few records cut by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2965450", "score": "0.9508656", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Richie Jean Jackson", "text": "finally a third and successful attempt. It was also in Jackson's home that Martin Luther King Jr. watched Lyndon Johnson give his Voting Rights Act Address on March 15, 1965. Jackson wrote a memoir, \"The House by the Side of the Road: The Selma Civil Rights Movement\", which was published in 2011 by The University of Alabama Press. A tribute to her life was delivered in the U.S. House of Representatives by Alabama representative Terri Sewell in 2013. In 2014, her house, known as the Sullivan and Richie Jean Jackson House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18522409", "score": "0.9506468", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial", "text": "leader in the Civil Rights Movement, was an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, and advocated for using nonviolent resistance, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. Although during his life he was monitored by the FBI for presumed communist sympathies, King is now presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. At the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, King imagined an end to racial inequality in his \"I Have a Dream\" speech. This speech has been canonized as one of the greatest pieces of American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6875767", "score": "0.94876343", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.", "text": "leader, were Jesse Jackson, who held the flag of the United Nations, now Congressman John Lewis, and Andrew Young who was at one time the Mayor of Atlanta and also Ambassador to the United Nations. The procession passed by the Georgia state capitol building. At the conclusion of the ceremony, the group sang \"We Shall Overcome\". The public and final service was held at Morehouse College, where King was eulogized by college president Benjamin Mays, who had given the benediction after King's \"I Have a Dream\" speech. Following the funeral, King's casket was loaded into a hearse for his final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15866544", "score": "0.94806606", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Martin Luther King Jr.", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Born in Atlanta, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire. King led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and in 1957 became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). With the SCLC, he led an unsuccessful 1962", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271032", "score": "0.94783294", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Martin Luther King Jr.", "text": "would be redesigned to depict various historical events that had occurred at the Lincoln Memorial. Among the planned designs are images from King's \"I Have a Dream\" speech and the 1939 concert by opera singer Marian Anderson. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Born in Atlanta, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271158", "score": "0.9425045", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Bloody Tuesday (1964)", "text": "to lead the Civil Rights Movements in Tuscaloosa in 1964. He was an optimistic and determined leader and was able to get many people of all ages involved in the march, from young teenagers to adults. His meetings grew larger and more people began attending the Monday night mass, and with the growing number of attendees the citizens became more enthusiastic and would start to sing \"We Shall Overcome\", stomping and clapping their hands and feet. His aim, which was to take action for the denied requests, had been met and he was able to convince people about the importance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19454295", "score": "0.9424359", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "Robert Koch", "Friedrich Loeffler" ]

[ { "title": "Microbiology", "text": "spontaneous generation, thereby solidifying microbiology’s identity as a biological science. One of his students, Adrien Certes, is considered the founder of marine microbiology. Pasteur also designed methods for food preservation (pasteurization) and vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and rabies. Koch is best known for his contributions to the germ theory of disease, proving that specific diseases were caused by specific pathogenic micro-organisms. He developed a series of criteria that have become known as the Koch's postulates. Koch was one of the first scientists to focus on the isolation of bacteria in pure culture resulting in his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12993877", "score": "1.0303524", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Germ theory of disease", "text": "of infectious agents are accepted as the cause of disease despite their not fulfilling all of Koch's postulates. Therefore, while Koch's postulates retain historical importance and continue to inform the approach to microbiologic diagnosis, fulfillment of all four postulates is not required to demonstrate causality. Koch's postulates have also influenced scientists who examine microbial pathogenesis from a molecular point of view. In the 1980s, a molecular version of Koch's postulates was developed to guide the identification of microbial genes encoding virulence factors. Koch's postulates: However, Koch abandoned the universalist requirement of the first postulate altogether when he discovered asymptomatic carriers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551737", "score": "1.0146245", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "John Postgate (microbiologist)", "text": "John Postgate (microbiologist) John Raymond Postgate (24 June 1922 – 22 October 2014), FRS was an English microbiologist and writer, latterly Professor Emeritus of Microbiology at the University of Sussex. Postgate's research in microbiology investigated nitrogen fixation, microbial survival, and sulphate-reducing bacteria. He worked for the Agricultural Research Council's Unit of Nitrogen Fixation from 1963 until he retired, by then its Director, in 1987. In 2011 he was described as a \"father figure of British microbiology\". His admired popularizing book on microbes in human culture, \"Microbes and Man\", first published in 1969, remains in print. John Raymond Postgate was born", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18010293", "score": "1.0130606", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Germ theory of disease", "text": "end caring for the sick. Searching for a cure, Kircher observed microorganisms under the microscope and invented the germ theory of disease, which he outlined in his \"Scrutinium pestis physico-medicum\" (Rome 1658). Building on Leeuwenhoek's work, physician Nicolas Andry argued in 1700 that microorganisms he called \"worms\" were responsible for smallpox and other diseases. In 1720, Richard Bradley theorised that the plague and 'all pestilential distempers' were caused by 'poisonous insects', living creatures viewable only with the help of microscopes. In 1762, the Austrian physician Marcus Antonius von Plenciz (1705-1786) published a book titled \"Opera medico-physica\". It outlined a theory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551724", "score": "0.9990579", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Germ theory of disease", "text": "Germ theory of disease The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory of disease. It states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, animals, and other living hosts. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause a disease. \"Germ\" may refer to not just a bacterium but to any type of microorganism, especially one which causes disease, such as protists, fungi, viruses, prions, or viroids. Microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens, and the diseases they cause are called infectious diseases. Even when a pathogen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551714", "score": "0.9956006", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Koch's postulates", "text": "causing cancers does not follow Koch's postulates. Koch’s postulates have played an important role in microbiology, yet they have major limitations. For example, Koch was well aware that in the case of cholera, the causal agent, \"Vibrio cholerae\", could be found in both sick and healthy people, invalidating his first postulate. Furthermore, viral diseases were not yet discovered when Koch formulated his postulates, and there are many viruses that do not cause illness in all infected individuals, a requirement of the first postulate. Additionally, it was known through experimentation that \"H. pylori\" caused mild inflammation of the gastric lining when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304162", "score": "0.99326885", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Germ theory of disease", "text": "developing practical applications of the germ theory of disease with respect to sanitation in medical settings and aseptic surgical techniques—partly through the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic. Germ theory of disease The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory of disease. It states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, animals, and other living hosts. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause a disease. \"Germ\" may refer to not just a bacterium but to any type of microorganism, especially one which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551740", "score": "0.9888127", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Stanley Falkow", "text": "Stanley Falkow Stanley Falkow (January 24, 1934 – May 5, 2018) was an American microbiologist and a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He discovered molecular mechanisms of infectious diseases, like antibiotic resistance and sounded the alarm for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. He championed the benefits of microorganisms. He formulated molecular Koch's postulates, which have guided the study of the microbial determinants of infectious diseases since the late 1980s. Falkow was born into a Yiddish-speaking household in Albany, New York. His father was a shoe salesman and had immigrated from Soviet Kiev, Ukraine. His mother came from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5164551", "score": "0.9796947", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Daniel A. Portnoy", "text": "Daniel A. Portnoy Daniel A. Portnoy (born 1956 in Syracuse, NY) is a microbiologist, the Edward E. Penhoet Distinguished Chair in Global Public Health and Infectious Diseases, and a Professor of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and in the Division of Microbiology in the Department of Plant and Microbial Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is one of the world's foremost experts on \"Listeria monocytogenes\", the bacterium that causes the severe foodborne illness Listeriosis. He has made seminal contributions to multiple aspects of bacterial pathogenesis, cell biology, innate immunity, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19705950", "score": "0.9773924", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Koch's postulates", "text": "Koch's postulates (/ˈkɔːx/) are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, but they have been controversially generalized to other diseases. These postulates were generated prior to understanding of modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis that cannot be examined using Koch's postulates, including viruses (which are obligate cellular parasites) or asymptomatic carriers. They have largely", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "John Postgate (microbiologist)", "text": "led by K R Butlin, was researching their role in iron corrosion and other civil and industrial nuisances. The group also investigated and advised on diverse problems in economic microbiology which had been brought to the laboratory. The bacteria were known to be strict anaerobes which live by converting mineral sulphates to hydrogen sulphide. They are difficult to culture and to separate from other soil bacteria in the laboratory, but Butlin's group had isolated a few pure strains. Postgate managed to culture large populations of the organism and his experience of competition informed his first paper, in which he showed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18010297", "score": "0.9740032", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of science", "text": "the germ theory of disease. However, Semmelweis' findings were not appreciated by his contemporaries and handwashing came into use only with discoveries by British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis. Lister's work was based on the important findings by French biologist Louis Pasteur. Pasteur was able to link microorganisms with disease, revolutionizing medicine. He also devised one of the most important methods in preventive medicine, when in 1880 he produced a vaccine against rabies. Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization, to help prevent the spread of disease through milk and other foods. Perhaps the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "188903", "score": "0.97246015", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "John Postgate (microbiologist)", "text": "also took over the National Collection of Industrial Bacteria. He was absorbed into its staff in 1950 as Senior Scientific Officer and promoted Principal Scientific Officer in 1952. In 1959, for controversial reasons, Butlin's group was disbanded and its staff and collection redeployed. Postgate was released to take a post at the Microbiological Research Establishment (MRE), part of the Porton Down research complex at Porton near Salisbury in Wiltshire, to undertake fundamental research on how bacteria survive mild stresses such as near starvation, using both continuous and synchronous culture of bacteria. His extensive paper on the survival of starvation by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18010301", "score": "0.96848154", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Microorganism", "text": "disease and these are now known as Koch's postulates. Although these postulates cannot be applied in all cases, they do retain historical importance to the development of scientific thought and are still being used today. The discovery of microorganisms such as \"Euglena\" that did not fit into either the animal or plant kingdoms, since they were photosynthetic like plants, but motile like animals, led to the naming of a third kingdom in the 1860s. In 1860 John Hogg called this the Protoctista, and in 1866 Ernst Haeckel named it the Protista. The work of Pasteur and Koch did not accurately", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "278245", "score": "0.96762156", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ernest Duchesne", "text": "Ernest Duchesne Ernest Duchesne (30 May 1874 – 12 April 1912) was a French physician who noted that certain molds kill bacteria. He made this discovery 32 years before Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic properties of penicillin, a substance derived from those molds, but his research went unnoticed. Duchesne entered \"l'Ecole du Service de Santé Militaire de Lyon\" (the Military Health Service School of Lyons) in 1894. Duchesne's thesis, \"Contribution à l’étude de la concurrence vitale chez les micro-organismes: antagonisme entre les moisissures et les microbes\" (Contribution to the study of vital competition in micro-organisms: antagonism between molds and microbes),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2919181", "score": "0.9599369", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Microorganism", "text": "cause disease. He found that the blood of cattle which were infected with anthrax always had large numbers of \"Bacillus anthracis\". Koch found that he could transmit anthrax from one animal to another by taking a small sample of blood from the infected animal and injecting it into a healthy one, and this caused the healthy animal to become sick. He also found that he could grow the bacteria in a nutrient broth, then inject it into a healthy animal, and cause illness. Based on these experiments, he devised criteria for establishing a causal link between a microorganism and a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "278244", "score": "0.9588408", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Germ theory of disease", "text": "had been isolated from diseased animals. Koch's postulates were developed in the 19th century as general guidelines to identify pathogens that could be isolated with the techniques of the day. Even in Koch's time, it was recognized that some infectious agents were clearly responsible for disease even though they did not fulfill all of the postulates. Attempts to rigidly apply Koch's postulates to the diagnosis of viral diseases in the late 19th century, at a time when viruses could not be seen or isolated in culture, may have impeded the early development of the field of virology. Currently, a number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551736", "score": "0.9585097", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Microbes and Man", "text": "\"ideally\" all four books be read in sequence for an overiew of the development of microbiology in half a century. Microbes and Man Microbes and Man is a popularising book by the English microbiologist John Postgate FRS on the role of microorganisms in human society, first published in 1969, and still in print in 2017. Critics called it a \"classic\" and \"a pleasure to read\". The book is structured as follows: The 4th edition has 32 illustrations, ranging from photographs of microscopic algae, protozoa, fungi, viruses and bacteria, to the macroscopic effects of microbes such as a sulphur-forming lake in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19993469", "score": "0.9574309", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Microorganism", "text": "of microbes with wildly different physiologies. Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by microorganisms in geochemical processes. He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. French-Canadian microbiologist Felix d'Herelle co-discovered bacteriophages and was one of the earliest applied microbiologists. Microorganisms can be found almost anywhere on Earth. Bacteria and archaea are almost always microscopic, while a number of eukaryotes are also microscopic, including most protists, some fungi, as well as some micro-animals and plants. Viruses are generally regarded as not living", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "278247", "score": "0.9547523", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Stanley Falkow", "text": "September 2008, Falkow was one of five scientists awarded the prestigious Lasker Award for medical research. Stanley Falkow Stanley Falkow (January 24, 1934 – May 5, 2018) was an American microbiologist and a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He discovered molecular mechanisms of infectious diseases, like antibiotic resistance and sounded the alarm for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. He championed the benefits of microorganisms. He formulated molecular Koch's postulates, which have guided the study of the microbial determinants of infectious diseases since the late 1980s. Falkow was born into a Yiddish-speaking household in Albany, New York. His", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5164560", "score": "0.9507256", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Osamu Hayaishi", "text": "as a medical officer in the Japanese Navy for 3 years, he joined the Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1949. After working with Arthur Kornberg at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health and Washington University in St. Louis, Hayaishi served as a research group leader or a professor at various research institutions in the US and Japan including Kyoto University, and led approximately 600 graduate students in his life including Yasutomi Nishizuka, Tasuku Honjo, and Shigetada Nakanishi. More than 100 his pupils became professors at various universities", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10903242", "score": "0.94907117", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "John Postgate (microbiologist)", "text": "klebsiella bacteria reopened a research topic largely dormant since the 1920s and introduced the concept of cryptic growth (a sort of necrophagy) in the persistence of bacterial populations in ancient isolated environments such as salt inclusions or fossils. He was promoted Senior Principal Scientific Officer in 1961. In 1962 he was given leave to take up a Visiting Professorship of Microbiology at the University of Illinois, in the United States, to finish off some earlier research on sulphate-reducing bacteria and undertake some teaching duties. He returned to MRE in early 1963. A change of emphasis in the research remit of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18010302", "score": "0.94764596", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Theobald Smith", "text": "Theobald Smith Prof Theobald Smith FRS(For) HFRSE (July 31, 1859 – December 10, 1934) was a pioneering epidemiologist, bacteriologist, pathologist and professor. He is widely considered to be America's first internationally significant medical research scientist. Smith was a pioneering epidemiologist, bacteriologist, pathologist, and professor. His work included the study of Texas cattle fever and the epidemiology of cattle infected by ticks transmitting protozoa. He also discovered a species of Salmonella, named for his chief, and studied anaphylaxis, then referred to as Theobald Smith phenomenon. Smith taught at Columbian University (now George Washington University) and established the school's department of bacteriology,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2162957", "score": "0.9474653", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Moritz Traube", "text": "contribution to the study of the etiology of disease. Together with Gscheidlen, an assistant of Rudolf Heidenhain he was the first to demonstrate via animal experiments that the organism has the ability to eliminate putrefactive bacteria. In evaluating the results, he distinguished chemical poisoning from infection with microorganisms on the one hand, and pathogenic from putrefactive bacteria on the other. Further, he was the first to propose a relation between immune system to infections and active oxygen in the blood cells. In his last work Traube proposed disinfecting drinking water with calcium chloride. This technique became very important. By 1914", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7291693", "score": "0.9452564", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Albert Schatz (scientist)", "text": "and a half months, he had isolated two distinct microorganisms excreting a substance (which he named \"streptomycin\") that stopped the growth of tubercle bacillus and several other penicillin-resistant bacteria in a Petri dish. Schatz was born in Norwich, Connecticut, and raised on a poor, isolated Passaic, New Jersey, farm by his Russian Jewish émigré father and English mother. His initial interest in soil microbiology stemmed from his intention to become a farmer. Seeing workers being assaulted by the authorities during the Depression prompted him to lifelong socialism and humanitarianism. Vivian Rosenfeld, a student at New Jersey College for Women, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5251037", "score": "0.9450824", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Germ theory of disease", "text": "of contagion stating that specific 'animalculae' in the soil and the air were responsible for causing specific diseases. Von Plenciz noted the distinction between diseases which are both epidemic and contagious (like measles and dysentry), and diseases which are contagious but not epidemic (like rabies and leprosy). The book cites Anton van Leeuwenhoek to show how ubiquitous such animalculae are, and was unique for describing the presence of germs in ulcerating wounds. Ultimately, the theory espoused by von Plenciz was not accepted by the scientific community. The Italian Agostino Bassi was the first person to prove that a disease was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551725", "score": "0.9447342", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "John Postgate (microbiologist)", "text": "Bob Weir he wrote a bio-discography of the Jazz trumpeter Frankie Newton. Postgate was a member of the Postgate family, and is not to be confused with his grandfather John Percival Postgate (1853–1926), professor of Latin at the University of Liverpool and author of school textbooks and editions of Latin poetry, nor with his great-grandfather John Postgate (1820–1881), a surgeon who became Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology at Queen's College, Birmingham (a predecessor college of the University of Birmingham) and was a leading campaigner against food adulteration. John Postgate (microbiologist) John Raymond Postgate (24 June 1922 – 22 October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18010313", "score": "0.94374895", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Harry Smith (microbiologist)", "text": "biochemistry for the successful conclusion of a research project. In 1947 he became a researcher at the Microbiological Research Establishment at Porton Down. There he carried out research on the mechanisms of anthrax infection using live animals and its possible applications in chemical warfare. From 1965 to 1988, he was Chair of Microbiology at the University of Birmingham, subsequently becoming Emeritus Professor. He was president of the Society for General Microbiology (now known as the Microbiology Society) and of the 14th International Congress of Microbiology. In 1979 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1991 delivered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17350182", "score": "0.9426981", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Alice Catherine Evans", "text": "Alice Catherine Evans Alice Catherine Evans (January 29, 1881 – September 5, 1975) was a pioneering American microbiologist. She became a researcher at the US Department of Agriculture. There she investigated bacteriology in milk and cheese. She later demonstrated that \"Bacillus abortus\" caused the disease Brucellosis (undulant fever or Malta fever) in both cattle and humans. Evans was born on a farm in Neath, Bradford County, Pennsylvania to William Howell, a farmer and surveyor, and Anne B. Evans, a teacher. When Evans was five and six years old, she was taught at home by her parents and attended a one-room", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10402702", "score": "0.9426378", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Microbiology", "text": "the basic principles of virology, it was his development of enrichment culturing that had the most immediate impact on microbiology by allowing for the cultivation of a wide range of microbes with wildly different physiologies. Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by micro-organisms in geochemical processes. He was responsible for the first isolation and description of both nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. French-Canadian microbiologist Felix d'Herelle co-discovered bacteriophages in 1917 and was one of the earliest applied microbiologists. Joseph Lister was the first to use phenol disinfectant on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12993879", "score": "0.94190377", "original_retrieval_index": 40 } ]

[ "Gravity", "Gravity, or gravitation" ]

[ { "title": "G-force", "text": "G-force The gravitational force, or more commonly, g-force, is a measurement of the type of acceleration that causes a perception of weight. Despite the name, it is incorrect to consider g-force a fundamental force, as \"g-force\" is a type of acceleration that can be measured with an accelerometer. Since g-force accelerations indirectly produce weight, any g-force can be described as a \"weight per unit mass\" (see the synonym specific weight). When the g-force acceleration is produced by the surface of one object being pushed by the surface of another object, the reaction force to this push produces an equal and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2374275", "score": "0.9726762", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Gravitational acceleration", "text": "Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same rate relative to the center of mass. This equality is true regardless of the masses or compositions of the bodies. At different points on Earth, objects fall with an acceleration between and depending on altitude and latitude, with a conventional standard value of exactly 9.80665 m/s (approximately 32.174 ft/s). This does not take into account other effects, such as buoyancy or drag. Newton's law of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6382453", "score": "0.9442392", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Newton's law of universal gravitation", "text": "scalar form given earlier, except that F is now a vector quantity, and the right hand side is multiplied by the appropriate unit vector. Also, it can be seen that F = −F. The gravitational field is a vector field that describes the gravitational force which would be applied on an object in any given point in space, per unit mass. It is actually equal to the gravitational acceleration at that point. It is a generalisation of the vector form, which becomes particularly useful if more than 2 objects are involved (such as a rocket between the Earth and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1829205", "score": "0.94130373", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Gravitational acceleration", "text": "than, say, the altitude above a planet's surface.) If one of the masses is much larger than the other, it is convenient to define a gravitational field around the larger mass as follows: where formula_7 is the mass of the larger body, and formula_8 is a unit vector directed from the large mass to the smaller mass. The negative sign indicates that the force is an attractive force. In that way, the force acting upon the smaller mass can be calculated as: where formula_10 is the force vector, formula_11 is the smaller mass, and formula_12 is a vector pointing toward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6382455", "score": "0.92900026", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Gravitational acceleration", "text": "Einstein's theory, masses distort spacetime in their vicinity, and other particles move in trajectories determined by the geometry of spacetime. The gravitational force is a fictitious force. There is no gravitational acceleration, in that the proper acceleration and hence four-acceleration of objects in free fall are zero. Rather than undergoing an acceleration, objects in free fall travel along straight lines (geodesics) on the curved spacetime. Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6382465", "score": "0.92140055", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Specific force", "text": "Specific force Specific force is defined as the non-gravitational force per unit mass. Specific force (also called g-force and mass-specific force) is measured in meters/second² (m·s) which is the units for acceleration. Thus, specific force is not actually a force, but a type of acceleration. However, the (mass-)specific force is not a coordinate-acceleration, but rather a proper acceleration, which is the acceleration relative to free-fall. Forces, specific forces, and proper accelerations are the same in all reference frames, but coordinate accelerations are frame-dependent. For free bodies, the specific force is the cause of, and a measure of, the body's proper", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11597141", "score": "0.91548026", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Tidal force", "text": "a straight line under the influence of a gravitational field while still being influenced by (changing) tidal acceleration. By Newton's law of universal gravitation and laws of motion, a body of mass \"m\" at distance \"R\" from the center of a sphere of mass \"M\" feels a force formula_1, equivalent to an acceleration formula_3, where formula_5 is a unit vector pointing from the body \"M\" to the body \"m\" (here, acceleration from \"m\" towards \"M\" has negative sign). Consider now the acceleration due to the sphere of mass \"M\" experienced by a particle in the vicinity of the body of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "424925", "score": "0.9146794", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Tidal force", "text": "Moon): it is the difference between the force exerted by the third body on the second and the force exerted by the third body on the first. A gravitational force is not the same as a gravitational field. A \"gravitational field\" extends into the space around a massive body, and results in a \"gravitational force\" on other massive bodies, depending on the distance and mass of those bodies. The strength of the gravitational field decreases as the inverse square of distance from the massive body. \"Tidal force\" is not a force, but rather a difference in gravitational field strength. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "424912", "score": "0.91302335", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "G-force", "text": "another name that has been used for g-force. The term g-force is technically incorrect as it is a measure of \"acceleration\", not force. While acceleration is a vector quantity, g-force accelerations (\"g-forces\" for short) are often expressed as a scalar, with positive g-forces pointing downward (indicating upward acceleration), and negative g-forces pointing upward. Thus, a g-force is a vector of acceleration. It is an acceleration that must be produced by a mechanical force, and cannot be produced by simple gravitation. Objects acted upon \"only\" by gravitation experience (or \"feel\") no g-force, and are weightless. G-forces, when multiplied by a mass", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2374282", "score": "0.9004753", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Gravity", "text": "Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another, including objects ranging from atoms and photons, to planets and stars. Since energy and mass are equivalent, all forms of energy (including light) cause gravitation and are under the influence of it. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity causes the ocean tides. The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the Universe caused it to begin coalescing, forming stars – and for the stars to group together into galaxies – so gravity is responsible for many of the large scale structures in the Universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become increasingly weaker on farther objects.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Weight", "text": "However, some textbooks also take weight to be a scalar by defining: The gravitational acceleration varies from place to place. Sometimes, it is simply taken to have a standard value of , which gives the standard weight. The force whose magnitude is equal to \"mg\" newtons is also known as the m kilogram weight (which term is abbreviated to kg-wt) In the operational definition, the weight of an object is the force measured by the operation of weighing it, which is the force it exerts on its support. Since, W=downward force on the body by the centre of earth, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "457991", "score": "0.899886", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Gravitational field", "text": "particle of mass is a vector field consisting at every point of a vector pointing directly towards the particle. The magnitude of the field at every point is calculated applying the universal law, and represents the force per unit mass on any object at that point in space. Because the force field is conservative, there is a scalar potential energy per unit mass, , at each point in space associated with the force fields; this is called gravitational potential. The gravitational field equation is where is the gravitational force, is the mass of the test particle, is the position of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1489357", "score": "0.8995588", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Gravitational constant", "text": "Gravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the \"universal gravitational constant\", the \"Newtonian constant of gravitation\", or the \"Cavendish gravitational constant\"), denoted by the letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "495517", "score": "0.89572585", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Gravitational constant", "text": "can also be normalized as ) is also known as Einstein's constant. The gravitational constant is a physical constant that is difficult to measure with high accuracy. This is because the gravitational force is extremely weak as compared to other fundamental forces. In SI units, the 2014 CODATA-recommended value of the gravitational constant (with standard uncertainty in parentheses) is: This corresponds to a relative standard uncertainty of (46 ppm). The dimensions assigned to the gravitational constant are force times length squared divided by mass squared; this is equivalent to length cubed, divided by mass and by time squared: In SI", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "495520", "score": "0.8921539", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Normal force", "text": "the weight of the object), that is, formula_2, where \"m\" is mass, and \"g\" is the gravitational field strength (about 9.81 m/s on Earth). The normal force here represents the force applied by the table against the object that prevents it from sinking through the table and requires that the table is sturdy enough to deliver this normal force without breaking. However, it is easy to assume that the normal force and weight are action-reaction force pairs (a common mistake). In this case, the normal force and weight need to be equal in magnitude to explain why there is no", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3897435", "score": "0.89046085", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gravitational metric system", "text": "which follows the tradition of pound-force (lbf). In other, international contexts the special name \"pond\" (p) or \"kilopond\" (kp) respectively is more frequent. The hyl, metric slug (mug), or TME (German: technische Masseneinheit, technical mass unit), is the mass that accelerates at 1 m/s under a force of 1 kgf. The hyl has also been used as the unit of mass in a metre–gram-force–second (mgfs) system. The (only) gravitational unit of pressure is the technical atmosphere (at). It is the gravitational force of one kilogram, i.e. 1 kgf, exerted on an area of one square centimetre. There is no dedicated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6908592", "score": "0.88868254", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Gravitational acceleration", "text": "universal gravitation states that there is a gravitational force between any two masses that is equal in magnitude for each mass, and is aligned to draw the two masses toward each other. The formula is: where formula_2 and formula_3 are the two masses, formula_4 is the gravitational constant, and formula_5 is the distance between the two masses. The formula was derived for planetary motion where the distances between the planets and the Sun made it reasonable to consider the bodies to be point masses. (For a satellite in orbit, the 'distance' refers to the distance from the mass centers rather", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6382454", "score": "0.886983", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Gravitational field", "text": "equals the vector sum of the forces it would experience in these individual fields. This is mathematically i.e. the gravitational field on mass is the sum of all gravitational fields due to all other masses \"m\", except the mass itself. The unit vector is in the direction of . In general relativity, the Christoffel symbols play the role of the gravitational force field and the metric tensor plays the role of the gravitational potential. In general relativity, the gravitational field is determined by solving the Einstein field equations Here is the stress–energy tensor, is the Einstein tensor, and is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1489360", "score": "0.8861656", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Force", "text": "equivalent to 1000 lbf. See also Ton-force. See force gauge, spring scale, load cell Force In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F. The original form of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "136416", "score": "0.88201296", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Force", "text": "with the accelerations of their orbits allows scientists to calculate the gravitational forces on planets. Whenever one body exerts a force on another, the latter simultaneously exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. In vector form, if formula_8 is the force of body 1 on body 2 and formula_9 that of body 2 on body 1, then This law is sometimes referred to as the \"action-reaction law\", with formula_11 called the \"action\" and formula_12 the \"reaction\". Newton's Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "136347", "score": "0.87964743", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Gravitational acceleration", "text": "for objects on the surface of the Earth, or aircraft that rotate with the Earth, one has to account for the fact that the Earth is rotating and the centrifugal acceleration has to be subtracted from this. For example, the equation above gives the acceleration at 9.820 m/s, when , and The centripetal radius is , and the centripetal time unit is approximately reduces this, for to 9.79379 m/s, which is closer to the observed value. In Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravitation is an attribute of curved spacetime instead of being due to a force propagated between bodies. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6382464", "score": "0.8794576", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Tidal force", "text": "difference that causes a body to get stretched. Thus, the tidal force is also known as the differential force, as well as a secondary effect of the gravitational field. In celestial mechanics, the expression \"tidal force\" can refer to a situation in which a body or material (for example, tidal water) is mainly under the gravitational influence of a second body (for example, the Earth), but is also perturbed by the gravitational effects of a third body (for example, the Moon). The perturbing force is sometimes in such cases called a tidal force (for example, the perturbing force on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "424911", "score": "0.87939006", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "G-force", "text": "opposite weight for every unit of an object's mass. The types of forces involved are transmitted through objects by interior mechanical stresses. The g-force acceleration (except certain electromagnetic force influences) is the cause of an object's acceleration in relation to free fall. The g-force acceleration experienced by an object is due to the vector sum of all non-gravitational and non-electromagnetic forces acting on an object's freedom to move. In practice, as noted, these are surface-contact forces between objects. Such forces cause stresses and strains on objects, since they must be transmitted from an object surface. Because of these strains, large", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2374276", "score": "0.8778569", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Mass", "text": "This particular equivalence often referred to as the \"Galilean equivalence principle\" or the \"weak equivalence principle\" has the most important consequence for freely falling objects. Suppose an object has inertial and gravitational masses \"m\" and \"M\", respectively. If the only force acting on the object comes from a gravitational field \"g\", the force on the object is: Given this force, the acceleration of the object can be determined by Newton's second law: Putting these together, the gravitational acceleration is given by: This says that the ratio of gravitational to inertial mass of any object is equal to some constant \"K\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "252827", "score": "0.8746052", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "Torque", "text": "equation motivates the alternate unit name \"joules per radian\". In Imperial units, \"pound-force-feet\" (lbf⋅ft), \"foot-pounds-force\", \"inch-pounds-force\", \"ounce-force-inches\" (ozf⋅in) are used, and other non-SI units of torque includes \"metre-kilograms-force\". For all these units, the word \"force\" is often left out. For example, abbreviating \"pound-force-foot\" to simply \"pound-foot\" (in this case, it would be implicit that the \"pound\" is pound-force and not pound-mass). This is an example of the confusion caused by the use of English units that may be avoided with SI units because of the careful distinction in SI between force (in newtons) and mass (in kilograms). Torque is sometimes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "412059", "score": "0.8745776", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "Gravity", "text": "physics as exerting an attractive force on all objects. Assuming a spherically symmetrical planet, the strength of this field at any given point above the surface is proportional to the planetary body's mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of the body. The strength of the gravitational field is numerically equal to the acceleration of objects under its influence. The rate of acceleration of falling objects near the Earth's surface varies very slightly depending on latitude, surface features such as mountains and ridges, and perhaps unusually high or low sub-surface densities. For purposes of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "498406", "score": "0.874123", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Mass versus weight", "text": "the same weight-force is distributed to the surface of the Earth as when the plane was on the runway, but spread over a larger area. A better scientific definition of mass is its description as being composed of inertia, which is the resistance of an object being accelerated when acted on by an external force. Gravitational \"weight\" is the force created when a mass is acted upon by a gravitational field and the object is not allowed to free-fall, but is supported or retarded by a mechanical force, such as the surface of a planet. Such a force constitutes weight.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11234934", "score": "0.87160003", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Gravitational metric system", "text": "Gravitational metric system The gravitational metric system (original French term ) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively. Internationally used abbreviations of the system are MKpS, MKfS or MKS (from French or ). However, the abbreviation MKS is also used for the MKS system of units, which, like the SI, uses mass in kilogram as a base unit. Nowadays, the mass as a property of an object and its weight,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6908589", "score": "0.8681421", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "Reaction (physics)", "text": "(ignoring all other celestial bodies for the moment) is to say that they both orbit around the center of mass, referred to in astronomy as the barycenter, of the combined system. Any mass on earth is pulled down by the gravitational force of the earth; this force is also called its weight. The corresponding 'reaction' is the gravitational force that mass exerts on the planet. If the object is supported so that it remains at rest, for instance by a cable from which it is hanging, or by a surface underneath, or by a liquid on which it is floating,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3981753", "score": "0.86762094", "original_retrieval_index": 61 }, { "title": "Mass", "text": "newtons) measures an object's resistance to deviating from its natural course of free fall, which can be influenced by the nearby gravitational field. No matter how strong the gravitational field, objects in free fall are weightless, though they still have mass. The force known as \"weight\" is proportional to mass and acceleration in all situations where the mass is accelerated away from free fall. For example, when a body is at rest in a gravitational field (rather than in free fall), it must be accelerated by a force from a scale or the surface of a planetary body such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "252822", "score": "0.8631119", "original_retrieval_index": 67 } ]

[ "Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land", "Dumont d'Urville Station", "Adélie Land" ]

[ { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "March of the Penguins March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; ) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632555", "score": "1.3593185", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "July 2005, and in the United States by Warner Home Video on 29 November 2005. It was never released on VHS by Warner Home Video, due to A Very Long Engagement being the last VHS by Warner Independent. It however spawned a VHS in French locations, such as French Canadian regions. The DVD extras address some of the criticisms the documentary had attracted, most notably by reframing the documentary as a scientific study and adding facts to what would otherwise have been a family film. This Region 2 release featured no English audio tracks or subtitles. Likewise the US DVD", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632572", "score": "1.3206491", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "at the box office $1.8 million worldwide. A direct sequel titled \"March of the Penguins 2: The Next Step\" (aka \"March of the Penguins 2: The Call\") was released in France in 2017. It was released in the United States exclusively on Hulu on March 23, 2018. The emperor penguins use a particular spot as their breeding ground because it is on ice that is solid year round and no danger of the ice becoming too soft to support the colony exists. At the end of Antarctic summer, the breeding ground is only a few hundred meters away from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632557", "score": "1.314863", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "Penguins 2: The Next Step\" () was released by Disneynature in France on February 15, 2017, narrated by Lambert Wilson. The film was alternatively titled \"March of The Penguins 2: The Call\". Skipping a theatrical release in the US, the film was released as a Hulu exclusive on March 23, 2018, with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as narrator. It was later released on DVD in the UK by Lionsgate Films on November 5th. The sequel did fairly well, scoring 100% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 5 reviews. March of the Penguins March of the Penguins (French La Marche de", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632580", "score": "1.3030996", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "United States on 21 January 2005. It was released in France the next week, on 26 January, where it earned a 4-star rating from AlloCiné, and was beaten at the box office only by \"The Aviator\" during its opening week. The original French version was released in the Canadian province of Québec. Subsequently, an English-language version was released in the rest of North America on 24 June 2005, drawing praise from most critics who found it both informative and charming. It has received a 94% \"fresh\" rating with the consensus \"Only the hardened soul won't be moved by this heartwarming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632570", "score": "1.2919685", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "of narration is also used in the Danish and Cantonese DVD versions. The French release was handled by Buena Vista International France, a division of Disney. Disney also bidded to get US distribution rights to the film, but their bid ultimately failed; the English-language distribution rights were later acquired at the Sundance documentary festival in January 2005, by Adam Leipzig of National Geographic Films, who had forged a distribution partnership with Warner Independent Pictures. In contrast to the French version, their English release has a third-person narrative by a single voice, actor Morgan Freeman. Similarly, the Austrian channel ORF 1", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632567", "score": "1.2762902", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Farce of the Penguins", "text": "Show\" on January 29, 2007, \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" on January 30, 2007 and on \"Tom Green Live\" that he originally wanted to simply redub the documentary \"March of the Penguins\", but did not receive permission from the filmmakers. Farce of the Penguins Farce of the Penguins is a 2007 American direct-to-video parody directed by Bob Saget. It is a parody of the 2005 French feature length nature documentary \"March of the Penguins\", directed and co written by Luc Jacquet. The film features Samuel L. Jackson as narrator, with the two main characters voiced by Bob Saget and Lewis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7440608", "score": "1.269068", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Adam Leipzig", "text": "Senior Creative Adviser. He also serves on the advisory board of the philanthropic social media platform and app, Pixhug. In 2005, when he was at National Geographic, Leipzig was responsible for \"March of the Penguins\" getting North American distribution; the film was a major box office success, made $77 million domestically and over $133 million worldwide to become the second-highest grossing documentary of all time and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary. Leipzig became aware of the film when it was being shot in Antarctica and negotiated with the film’s U.S. distributor Warner Independent, to purchase the film at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14863026", "score": "1.2362977", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Disneynature", "text": "French release of \"March of the Penguins\". The film was given U.S. distribution through Warner Independent Pictures in 2005. Made on an $8 million budget, it grossed almost 10 times its budget at the U.S. box office and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2006. Jean-Francois Camilleri, head of Buena Vista International France at the time, had the company acquire the film for the French market. Buena Vista International France also managed to obtain a 20% ownership stake in the French version of the film. However, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution's bid to distribute the film in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11869112", "score": "1.22311", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "It took one year for the two isolated cinematographers Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Maison to shoot the documentary, which was shot around the French scientific base of Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "the film crew would spend half an hour putting on six layers of clothes, and on some days they could not spend more than three hours outside. They worked in winds with gusts up to 125 miles per hour, \"which in some ways is worse than the cold temperatures\" according to director Jaquet. The style of the documentary differs considerably between the original French version and some of the international versions. The original French-language release features a first-person narrative as if the story is being told by the penguins themselves. The narration alternates between a female (Romane Bohringer) and a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632565", "score": "1.2161024", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "doc\" on the website Rotten Tomatoes, which collects film reviews. The movie-going public apparently agreed with that assessment, as the documentary distinguished itself as one of the most successful documentaries of the season on a per-theatre basis: it became the second most successful documentary released in North America, after \"Fahrenheit 9/11\", grossing over $77 million in the United States and Canada (in nominal dollars, from 1982 to the present.) It grossed over $127 million worldwide. It is the only movie from Warner Independent to be rated G by the MPAA. The documentary was released on DVD in France on 26", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632571", "score": "1.2073114", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "male (Charles Berling) narrator speaking the alternate roles of the female and male penguin, and as the chicks are born, their narration is handled by child actor Jules Sitruk. This style is mimicked in some of the international versions. For example, in the Hungarian version, actors Ákos Kőszegi, Anna Kubik, and Gábor Morvai provide the voices of the penguins, and the German version as seen in German movie theaters (and in the televised broadcast in April 2007 on channel ProSieben) uses the voices of Andrea Loewig, Thorsten Michaelis, and Adrian Kilian for the \"dubbed dialog\" of the penguins. This style", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632566", "score": "1.2032589", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "to be ready every day. Fortunately, the gathering that year was huge – more than 1,200 penguins, compared with the norm of a few hundred. For cameras to operate at −40°, they had to use film and to load all the film for the day, as it was impossible to reload outside. Because of the isolation from any film studios, remembering each shot was necessary to ensure continuity and to make sure that all the necessary sequences were finished. The main challenge of making the documentary was the weather with temperatures between −50 and −60°C (−58 and −76°F). At dawn,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632564", "score": "1.2016418", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mr. Forbush and the Penguins", "text": "Mr. Forbush and the Penguins Mr. Forbush and the Penguins (also known as Cry of the Penguins) is a 1971 British film, directed by Arne Sucksdorff, Alfred Viola and Roy Boulting. It stars John Hurt, Hayley Mills, Dudley Sutton and Tony Britton. The film was based on a 1965 novel by Graham Billings, who had worked for the New Zealand Antarctic Division. The film was a co-production between EMI Films, the National Film Finance Corporation and British Lion Films. Making the film was a turbulent experience. Penguin footage shot by Arne Sucksdorff on location in Antarctica did not cut smoothly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13406293", "score": "1.1991196", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Farce of the Penguins", "text": "Farce of the Penguins Farce of the Penguins is a 2007 American direct-to-video parody directed by Bob Saget. It is a parody of the 2005 French feature length nature documentary \"March of the Penguins\", directed and co written by Luc Jacquet. The film features Samuel L. Jackson as narrator, with the two main characters voiced by Bob Saget and Lewis Black. Five of Saget's former \"Full House\" co stars also lent their voices to the film. Additional voices were provided by Tracy Morgan, Christina Applegate, James Belushi, Whoopi Goldberg, Dane Cook, Abe Vigoda, Mo'Nique, and others. Samuel L. Jackson narrates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7440605", "score": "1.1990575", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "Boy Advance platforms. It features \"Lemmings\"-like gameplay. In 2007, a direct-to-DVD parody written and directed by Bob Saget called \"Farce of the Penguins\" was released. It is narrated by Samuel L. Jackson and features other stars providing voice-overs for the penguins. Although the film uses footage from actual nature documentaries about penguins, the parody was not allowed to include footage from \"March of the Penguins\" itself. The documentary attracted some political and social commentary in which the penguins were viewed anthropomorphically as having similarities with, and even lessons for, human society. Michael Medved praised the documentary for promoting conservative family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632574", "score": "1.1986563", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "March of the Penguins", "text": "used for their broadcast in April 2007, the alternate version available on the German \"Special Edition\" DVD which uses a documentary narration voiceover spoken by the German actor Sky Du Mont. Other releases' narrators include the Dutch version, narrated by Belgian comedian Urbanus; the Indian version, narrated in Hindi and English by Indian actor Amitabh Bachchan, is titled \"Penguins: A Love Story\"; the Polish version, narrated by Polish actor Marek Kondrat; and the Swedish version, narrated by Swedish actor Gösta Ekman. The Tagalog version is narrated by actress Sharon Cuneta; it is entitled \"Penguin, Penguin, Paano Ka Ginawa?\" (English: \"Penguin,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5632568", "score": "1.1861027", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Scott of the Antarctic (film)", "text": "lampooned in the Monty Python Series 2 episode 'Scott of the Sahara'. Scott of the Antarctic (film) Scott of the Antarctic is a British 1948 Technicolor film which depicts Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition and his attempt to be the first to reach the South Pole in Antarctica. John Mills played Scott, with a supporting cast which included James Robertson Justice, Derek Bond, Kenneth More, John Gregson, Barry Letts and Christopher Lee. Produced by Ealing Studios, the film was directed by Charles Frend and largely shot at the studios, with some landscape and glacier exteriors shot in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2806269", "score": "1.1697763", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dumont d'Urville Station", "text": "and strong katabatic winds often prevent landings, either by boat or by helicopter. The station can accommodate about 30 winter-overs and 120 during the summer. The icebreaker ship \"L'Astrolabe\" carries supplies and personnel to the station from the port of Hobart, Tasmania. It does 5 round-trips between November and March. The Academy Award-winning documentary film \"La Marche de l'empereur\", released in English as \"March of the Penguins\", was filmed in the region around this base. One of the main interests of the base is the study of wildlife, notably the emperor penguins. In the summer, the rocks near the base", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3035601", "score": "1.169066", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Happy Feet", "text": "fishing. At this, the emperor penguins and the Amigos celebrate. George Miller cites as an initial inspiration for the film an encounter with a grizzled old cameraman, whose father was Frank Hurley of the Shackleton expeditions, during the shooting of \"Mad Max 2\": \"We were sitting in this bar, having a milkshake, and he looked across at me and said, ‘Antarctica.’ He'd shot a documentary there. He said, ‘You’ve got to make a film in Antarctica. It’s just like out here, in the wasteland. It’s spectacular.’ And that always stuck in my head.” \"Happy Feet\" was also partially inspired by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4585689", "score": "1.1594348", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Scott of the Antarctic (film)", "text": "Scott of the Antarctic (film) Scott of the Antarctic is a British 1948 Technicolor film which depicts Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition and his attempt to be the first to reach the South Pole in Antarctica. John Mills played Scott, with a supporting cast which included James Robertson Justice, Derek Bond, Kenneth More, John Gregson, Barry Letts and Christopher Lee. Produced by Ealing Studios, the film was directed by Charles Frend and largely shot at the studios, with some landscape and glacier exteriors shot in the Swiss Alps and in Norway; no actual scenes were made in Antarctica,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2806254", "score": "1.142366", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Benjamin Sniddlegrass and the Cauldron of Penguins", "text": "film was shot on. He became a producer on the film as production wore on. When the film was completed, Dylan was interviewed on the Mayo/Kermode show, promoting the film's theatrical premiere in Sydney the following week. The premiere was held on 31 January 2011, at the Dendy Cinema, Newtown, to a sold out house, and the DVD and digital download of the film became available immediately afterward. The film was subsequently screened at the State Theatre in Hobart. The film was reviewed by Kermode the week following the premiere, where he expressed ambivalence about the film, but admitted to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15839233", "score": "1.1409824", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Arctic Heart", "text": "Antarctica and fit with penguins. The professor then injects himself with the same drug he injected Christophine with and goes and lives with her in Antarctica now that he has realised his feelings for her. The film is available in the United States and in the Netherlands on Netflix. Arctic Heart Arctic Heart () is a 2016 French romantic comedy film written and directed by Marie Madinier. It stars Guillaume Canet and Charlotte Le Bon. Professor Quignard and his team of researchers have been studying on PPM, an immunizing protein produced by penguins for a noble prize winning research. Christophine,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19589110", "score": "1.1393542", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Great White Silence", "text": "located on the Antarctic coastline. The documentary portrays expedition leader Robert Falcon Scott and his ship, the \"Terra Nova\", and men as they leave Lyttelton, New Zealand, to sail into the Southern Ocean and its ice floes. Safely landed on the icy coastline of Ross Island, the filmmaker follows the men as they set up tents, practice skiing, and prepare to probe southward toward the Pole. The film concludes with a sequence of the explorers pushing off from their base, and title cards reminding viewers of what, to the 1924 viewer, would have been the familiar story of the expedition's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15916081", "score": "1.1375587", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Flying penguin hoax", "text": "small birds, that are not used to flying, could survive long migrations over vast, stormy oceans. \"Miracles of Evolution\" was filmed with animated penguins for the occasion of April Fools' Day, and to promote the BBC iPlayer. MSN included \"The BBC's flying penguins\" as one of their twelve \"hoaxes of the decade.\" The film features Adélie penguins that live in Antarctica. Adélie penguins are one of the most southern seabirds in the world. The film claims that long and extremely cold Antarctic winters forced some groups of Adélies to adapt by (re)gaining the ability to fly. In the film the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15409477", "score": "1.1267228", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ape and Super-Ape", "text": "Ape and Super-Ape Ape and Super-Ape () is a 1972 Dutch documentary film directed by Bert Haanstra. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film is also notable for featuring extensive documentary footage of the life of penguins on Antarctica almost thirty years before another documentary film, \"March of the Penguins (2005)\" focused on the same subject. The film is a study of the differences and similarities between human and animal behaviour. The first part of the movie focuses on the behaviour of various animal species. The second half is about the behaviour of humans,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12686984", "score": "1.1260991", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Flying penguin hoax", "text": "the whole sky soon becoming filled with flying penguins. First the film shows the penguins flying over icebergs and through a hole in an iceberg. Antarctica is then left behind and viewers see the green of South America's rainforests. On 1 April 2008 rival newspapers \"The Daily Telegraph\" and \"The Daily Mirror\" both published articles about the upcoming film. \"The Mirror\" ran the story on its front page, and in \"The Daily Telegraph\" the story was one of the most important of the day. \"The Daily Telegraph\" proclaimed that the BBC had \"remarkable footage of penguins flying as part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15409479", "score": "1.1247885", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Pebble and the Penguin", "text": "Bluth Productions was based in Dublin, artists from Ireland, England and Hungary worked on the project, at least seven directing animators working on the film; among them John Pomeroy. The penguins in the film are clothed. Humans wearing penguin costumes were filmed and then used as photostat references for the animators. The iconic quote from Hubie, \"Goodness glaciers!\" as well as his overall appearance, is a sly reference to Gentleman Glacier, an old Canadian newspaper cartoon used to illustrate snow accumulation each year. Only two scenes in the film were \"augmented by computer animation\", one of which being \"The Good", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12895591", "score": "1.1235842", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Jack Halberstam", "text": "then goes on to explain how drawing on animal behavior makes humans feel heterosexuality is more natural or primal. She imposes her boring domestic lifestyle on the life of this exotic animal, which is anthropomorphism, just to maintain her flawed sense of natural heterosexuality. Halberstam moves on to talk about the successful documentary, \"March of the Penguins\" (2005). Like other animal documentaries, this humanizes animal life and reduces animals to human ways of life. He explains how this film perpetuates heterosexuality in a false way. The film leaves out key facts about penguins journey to find love and have a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5449342", "score": "1.1219126", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel" ]

[ { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)", "text": "of making this show in Afrikaans but it was never realised. David Paterson was the only million rand winner, on 19 March 2000. He was the first winner outside of the United States. Official Website Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637772", "score": "1.2019304", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the questions were of random difficulty). The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the \"Who Wants to Be a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919930", "score": "1.1772652", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "money, up to the top prize of £1 million. The questions they undertake are randomly chosen from a list of generated questions based on general knowledge, with each consisting of four answers to choose from. While undertaking questions, the contestant is allowed to use a set of lifelines to provide them assistance with a question at any time, and two safety nets - if a contestant gets a question wrong, but had reached a designated cash value during their game, they left with that amount as their prize. Unlike other game shows, if a contestant is unsure about a question", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919908", "score": "1.1551745", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British quiz show, created and produced by David Briggs, and made for the ITV network. The show's format, devised by Briggs, sees contestants taking on multiple-choice questions, based upon general knowledge, winning a cash prize for each question they answer correctly, with the amount offered increasing as they take on more difficult questions. To assist each contestant who takes part, they are given three lifelines to use, may walk away with the money they already have won if they wish not to risk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919885", "score": "1.1501685", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show) Who wants to be a millionaire? is a Nigerian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It first aired on 8 October 2004 and stopped temporarily on the 25th of June, 2017 with hope of coming back soon better and stronger. On 29th August 2017, a deal was secured with Airoplaycare behind the new sponsor after MTN Nigeria pulled out from the game show. Three lifelines were presented at the beginning of the game in order to aid contestants: On September 11, 2009,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12659549", "score": "1.146637", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show)", "text": "silver. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pound in 2000 and 2001, and in euro in 2002, after the euro changeover. The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12654920", "score": "1.1405787", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "a priority of changing our question procedure. We are confident we have now made it impossible for anyone to manipulate the system.\" Since then, the options of people that can be called have a picture of themselves shown on-air. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British quiz show, created and produced by David Briggs, and made for the ITV network. The show's format, devised by Briggs, sees contestants taking on multiple-choice questions, based upon general knowledge, winning a cash prize for each question they answer correctly, with the amount", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919929", "score": "1.1376574", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "successfully receive its top prize of £1 million. They include: Members of the public wishing to apply for the game show are provided with four options to choose form - calling/texting a premium-rate number; submitting an application via the show's ITV website, using a system of £1 \"credits\"; taking part in a casting audition, held at various locations around the UK. Once an application is made, production staff select an episode's contestants through a combination of random selection, and a potential contestant's ability to answer a set of test questions based on general knowledge. Once a contestant has auditioned for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919905", "score": "1.1357754", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pound in 2000 and 2001, and in euro in 2002, after the euro changeover. The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12654916", "score": "1.134467", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Judith Keppel", "text": "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show) เกมเศรษฐี (English translation: \"Millionaire Game\", transliteration: \"Kemṣ̄ers̄ʹṭ̄hī\") was a Thai game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game was to win 1 million Thai baht by answering 12 multiple-choice questions correctly (earlier 16 questions). There were three \"lifelines\", all other than in the original version - Double Dip (contestant can choose the answer two times), Help of Audience Members (help of two members of the audience who believe that they know the correct answer) and Switch The Question", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12709327", "score": "1.129909", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown on the South African TV station SABC 3. Earlier the quiz was aired on M-Net, which also lent its logo in the quiz logo. Four seasons of the show were made. There was a project", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637771", "score": "1.1214509", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "the Bowens back to tackle a new question, with their original winnings reinstated; the couple chose not to risk the new question, and left with £500,000 for their charity. In September 2001, British Army Major Charles Ingram became a contestant on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", joined by his wife Diana, and a close friend and college lecturer, Tecwen Whittock. After the first day of filming, the group devised a scheme that would allow Ingram to win the £1 million cash prize when he returned for the second day of recording, on 10 September - for each question he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919919", "score": "1.1187986", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "on 19 November 1999. Carpenter did not use a lifeline until the final question, using his Phone-a-Friend not for help but to call his father to tell him he had won the million. Other notable top prize winners include Judith Keppel, the first winner of the UK version; Kevin Olmstead from the U.S. version, who won a progressive jackpot of $2.18 million; Martin Flood from the Australian version, who was investigated by producers after suspicions that he had cheated, much like Charles Ingram, but was later cleared; and Sushil Kumar from the Indian version, who is often referred to in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491527", "score": "1.1187397", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "11 February 2014. Four years later, ITV revived the programme for a special 7-episode series, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the British original. This series of special episodes was hosted by Jeremy Clarkson and aired every evening between 6 May and 11 May 2018. Since the British original debuted in 1998, several different versions of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" have been created across the world, including Australia, the United States, and India. In total over 100 different international variations have been made. On 18 April 1999, Nine Network launched an Australian version of the game show for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491530", "score": "1.1182694", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "top prize by a contestant. The original format of the programme was tweaked in later years, changing the number of questions from fifteen to twelve and altering the payout structure as a result, and later incorporating a time limit. Four years after the original series ended, ITV announced that the series would be revived, this time produced by Stellify Media, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the programme. The revived format was based upon the original design. It was hosted by Jeremy Clarkson, filmed at dock10 studios and aired every evening between 6 May and 11 May 2018. On 14", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919887", "score": "1.1074802", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "After the contestant's game was over, they were awarded anything from a collectible pin, to clothing, to a \"Millionaire\" CD game, to a 3-night Disney Cruise. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6920006", "score": "1.1062331", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be Rich?", "text": "Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in \"Fastest Finger First\" round. \"Who Wants to Be Rich?\" is broadcast from October 2009 to today. It is shown on the Ghanaian TV station GTV. When a contestant gets the fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13878544", "score": "1.104988", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an answer, and have no time limit to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491506", "score": "1.103", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "a part on the programme and filming takes place, they undertake a preliminary round entitled \"Fastest Finger First\" - the group of contestants seeking a chance to take on the main game of the show, must answer a single question correctly but do so faster than their opponents. Initially, the round required contestants to provide the correct answer to a question, but from the second series onwards, they are tasked with putting four answers in the correct order stated within the question (i.e. earliest to latest). The contestant who answers a question correctly and in the fastest time, moves on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919906", "score": "1.1022874", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be Rich?", "text": "question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵300. When a contestant gets the tenth question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵1,500. The payout structure is as below. Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in \"Fastest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13878545", "score": "1.1022292", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat (Indonesian game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat (Indonesian game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat was an Indonesian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It was broadcast by RCTI from Monday, September 13, 2010 at 17.30 (UTC+7). The host was Ferdi Hasan. Despite its name, the top prize was a quarter of billion Indonesian rupiah, however since September 19, the top prize was increased to half a billion rupiahs, and the money tree was changed. It can be earned by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. The only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14887339", "score": "1.0996538", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "game without playing a shot - if their opponent double-faulted on every serve, and the player aced each of their own serves, it would allow them to win with just 12 strokes. Based on their findings, the production staff acknowledged the mistake and apologised for it, but allowed Kennedy to keep the prize money he won by the end of his game. When Judith Keppel's victory as the first UK jackpot winner on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was announced by ITV on the day of that the corresponding episode was to be broadcast, several allegations were made that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919914", "score": "1.0984634", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Quiz (play)", "text": "2001 win of £1,000,000 on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" and the subsequent court trial. Charles Ingram, a major in the British Army entered British quiz show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" in September 2001. Suspicions arose during filming after coughing was heard loudly adjacent to the correct answers. A sound technician informed Celador CEO Paul Smith of their suspicions, with filming allowed to continue and the tapes reviewed after filming had completed. Ingram eventually won the million pounds, however upon reviewing the tapes and each cough heard, Ingram was accused of cheating by having his wife, Diana,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20672547", "score": "1.0946019", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition", "text": "He won $64,000. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition Who Wants to Be A Millionaire: Canadian Edition was a Canadian game show based on the British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" and taped on the ABC Television Network set of the American version of that show. A Canadian audience was flown to the American studio in New York for the shows, so the contestants could \"ask the audience\" for help on the Canadian-themed questions. Following the airing of the two specials, CTV did announce that additional episodes of the Canadian Edition would be produced, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12670342", "score": "1.0945567", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "answering a question, and are provided with a safety net that grants them a guaranteed cash prize if they give an incorrect answer, provided they reach a specific milestone in the quiz. The original series aired for 30 series and a total of 592 episodes, from 4 September 1998 to 11 February 2014, and was presented by Chris Tarrant. Over the course of its run, the original series had around five contestants walk away with the top cash prize of £1 million, and faced a number of controversies during its run, including an attempt to defraud the show of its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919886", "score": "1.0920688", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. \"Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?\"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and when still unsure of the answer tossed a coin to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577481", "score": "1.0878522", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show)", "text": "(contestant can change the question). Earlier the lifelines were: Fifty Fifty, Ask The Audience and Switch The Question. These are the prizes of the new version of the game: These are the prizes of the old version of the game: Siksaka Bunluerith is the first and only Thai contestant to legitimately win a top prize by answering all 16 questions in first format correctly on October 2000. In 2002, Lertlak Panchanawaporn, 44-year-old street vendor won the grand prize on the show. The show's producers were impressed with her, since she had only a fourth-grade education. Finally, the truth came to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12709328", "score": "1.087038", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show)", "text": "pick from the remaining two to win the top prize. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. \"Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?\"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12577482", "score": "1.084553", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand was a New Zealand game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show was hosted by Mike Hosking. The main goal of the game was to win one million New Zealand dollars by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were four \"lifelines\". It was broadcast on the TVNZ station TV ONE. The show was taped in Melbourne, Australia on the set of the Australian version of the show. One contestant, Kristin Castle, made New Zealand television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12578010", "score": "1.0834016", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "B. J. Thomas" ]

[ { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)", "text": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on February 25, 1970, by Columbia Records and included several covers of chart hits from the previous year along with 1964's \"Watch What Happens\" and the 1966 tunes \"Alfie\" and \"A Man and a Woman\". The album's producer, Jack Gold, added lyrics to the instrumental theme from \"Midnight Cowboy\", and it became the first song from the album to be released as a single. While it did manage to reach number 20 on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15255827", "score": "1.2320751", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is the twenty-fifth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams and was released in the spring of 1970 by Columbia Records. Williams was less focused on covering recent hits on this project and instead selected several songs from the singer-songwriter genre. \"Billboard\" magazine opined that the album \"may well be titled 'A Journey Through Life.' Through carefully selected songs it conveys a message of dreams, hopes, reality, frustrations and ultimate truth.\" The album made its first appearance on the Top LP's chart in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029972", "score": "1.1985615", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "text": "Fall in Love Again\", by Engelbert Humperdinck on his album \"We Made It Happen\", Johnny Mathis on his album \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\", Perry Como on his album \"It's Impossible\", The Four Tops on their album \"Changing Times\", Andy Williams on his album, \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\", and The Free Design on their album \"Stars/Time/Bubbles/Love\". Portuguese-born television and radio presenter Pedro Biker released a Danish version re-entitled \"Regndråber Drypper I Mit Hår\" in 1970. A Swedish version was also made in 1970, \"Regnet det bara öser ner\" sung by Siw Malmkvist. Genesis referenced the song title", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15327018", "score": "1.1861151", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "text": "first recorded instance of drummer Sean Moore performing on trumpet, and also appears on their 2003 B-sides and rarities compilation album \"Lipstick Traces (A Secret History of Manic Street Preachers)\". The Manics further reference the film \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\" with the B-side \"Sepia\". The Barry Sisters covered the song in a Yiddish version (\"Trop'ns Fin Regen Oif Mein Kop\") on their 1973 album \"Our Way\". Lisa Miskovsky covered the song in the extended version of her self-titled (2004) album. Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" is a song written by Hal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15327022", "score": "1.1850389", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)", "text": "Jack Gold steering the ship is much more restrained than when Percy Faith and Nelson Riddle added their magic to Mathis's voice, but for the time it was just perfect.\" From the liner notes for \"\": Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album) Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on February 25, 1970, by Columbia Records and included several covers of chart hits from the previous year along with 1964's \"Watch What Happens\" and the 1966 tunes \"Alfie\" and \"A Man and a Woman\". The album's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15255830", "score": "1.1659824", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "by Andy Williams.\" From the liner notes for the 2002 CD: In his review of \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" on AllMusic.com, William Ruhlmann notes that the \"LP's catalog number is out of sequence with his other releases, and it may well be that an earlier version was pulled back, since hits like the title track and 'Bridge Over Troubled Water' appear to have been added at the last minute and the recording sessions stretch across more than a year.\" From the liner notes for \"The Complete Columbia Chart Singles Collection\": From the liner notes for the original album:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029971", "score": "1.1393471", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "not the original was \"It's So Easy\", which entered the UK singles chart on August 1 of that year and peaked at number 13 over the course of 14 weeks. The track from \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" that was left off of the \"Can't Help Falling in Love\" album in the UK was a new recording of \"Sweet Memories\", a song that Williams originally recorded in March 1968 with Nick DeCaro producing and arranging. That version was released as a non-album single on April 30, 1968, and reached number 75 pop and number four Easy Listening. \"Raindrops Keep", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029966", "score": "1.1346699", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)", "text": "26 weeks on their Top LP's chart just a few issues later and got as high as number 38. \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" was released for the first time on compact disc in 1995 as one of two albums on one CD, the other LP being the 1971 Mathis title \"Love Story\". Joe Viglione of Allmusic remarked that \"Mathis rarely gets credit for the way he can bend and shape notes, obvious on \"Something\" as well as his reading of \"Honey Come Back\", Glen Campbell's 1970 hit.\" He also praised the album as a whole. \"The sound with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15255829", "score": "1.1322658", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "Fallin' on My Head\" was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on January 22, 2002, the other album being Williams's Columbia release from the fall of 1969, \"Get Together with Andy Williams\". Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled \"Classic Album Collection, Vol. 2\", which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29, 2002. \"About a year ago, I received a call from Mason Williams, excited about an idea he had for Andy. He asked me if I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029967", "score": "1.1299412", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "text": "My Head\" is a song written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach for the 1969 film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. David and Bacharach also won Best Original Score. The song was recorded by B. J. Thomas in seven takes, after Bacharach expressed dissatisfaction with the first six. In the film version of the song, Thomas had been recovering from laryngitis, which made his voice sound hoarser than in the 7-inch release. The film version featured a separate vaudeville-style instrumental break in double time while Paul Newman performed bicycle stunts.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Howard Gable", "text": "Farnham - Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head Label: ColumbJia - DO-8965 Vinyl, 7\" Single 45 RPM A Side Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head ( Bacharach - David) 2:30 B Side Two (Farnham) Credits · Arranged by Peter Jones · Engineer – Roger Savage · Produced by Howard Gable · Recorded at Armstrongs Studios, Melbourne, Australia Johnny Farnham - Comic Conversation Label: EMI Columbia -DO-9234 Vinyl 7\" Single 45 RPM A Side Comic Conversation (John Bromley) 3:20 B Side Pretty Things (Johnny Farnham) Credits · Arranged by Geoff Hales · Engineer – Roger Savage, Ern Rose · Produced by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13845755", "score": "1.1273892", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "text": "placed 95th in the 55th Anniversary edition of the All-Time Hot 100 list in 2013. \"Billboard Magazine\" also ranked the song 15th on its Top 50 Movie Songs of All Time list in 2014. On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that the single would be inducted into the 2014 Grammy Hall Of Fame. \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" was used in the film \"Spy Hard\", which parodied the scene in \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\". Police Constable Pan-Am sings the opening lines at the end of his appearance in Series 2,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15327015", "score": "1.1230054", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "B. J. Thomas", "text": "the Bacharach/David song \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\", which won the Academy Award for best original song that year and hit No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in January 1970. Sales of it also exceeded one million copies, with Thomas being awarded his third gold record. The song was also released on an album of the same title. Other hits of the 1970s were \"Everybody's Out of Town\", \"I Just Can't Help Believing\" (No. 9 in 1970, covered by Elvis Presley), \"No Love at All\", \"Mighty Clouds of Joy\", and \"Rock and Roll Lullaby\". Thomas's earlier hits were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1466695", "score": "1.115573", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "text": "Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers cover version is credited with adding greater nuance to the song, the \"Financial Times\" citing their recording as transforming the song from carefree optimism to \"an exhortation to keep going in the face of tragedy\" and noting that Bradfield's voice \"added grit to the facile lyric\". The group often spent their downtime on the tour bus watching the film \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\", and incorporated the song into live sets. After the disappearance of lyricist Richey Edwards, the band decided to continue rather than split up. Having booked studio time in France", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15327020", "score": "1.1042407", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "would like to produce this album with him. The concept was to give Andy's fans one complete side of continuous music, without any interruptions, and make it mean something. To me this medley represents a living story of life, which has been led by millions of people. Starting with \"Little Boy\" and \"If Wishes Were Horses\", right to the end with \"Both Sides Now\". The other side of the album is equally satisfying with such songs as \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\", \"Bridge over Troubled Water\", and \"Sweet Memories\". All in all this album has been a lot of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029968", "score": "1.0991575", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "As a non-album single in the US, it entered \"Billboard\" magazine's Hot 100 chart in the issue dated February 28, 1970, and spent three weeks there, getting as high as number 88. It also began a three-week run on the magazine's chart of the week's 40 most popular Easy Listening (or Adult Contemporary) songs in that issue, where it eventually made it to number 28. The song debuted on the UK singles chart on March 14, 1970, and lasted there 17 weeks, four of which were spent at number three. The other song that was on the UK album but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029965", "score": "1.0861834", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "I always thought it would be a nice experiment, rather than take the most popular parts of songs, to take good parts of good songs (not necessarily popular) and string them together to have a good theme or storyline instead of just a familiar one. It's a slightly different use of the TV medley concept applied to recording. I did this when I was interested in interpolating the forms of one medium into the forms of another. I think it worked out fine for Andy.\" -- Mason Williams \"Billboard\" described the album as \"a pretty work of art, skillfully created", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029970", "score": "1.0852108", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album)", "text": "\"Billboard\" magazine's Easy Listening chart during the five weeks it spent there that began in the issue dated November 15, 1969, an instrumental version by Ferrante and Teicher had debuted there just two weeks earlier and surpassed the Mathis showing by reaching number two in addition to peaking at number 10 on the magazine's Hot 100. \"Odds and Ends\" was the second single from this album and had its first appearance on the Easy Listening chart in the March 21, 1970, issue, beginning a three-week run that took the song to number 30. The album itself started a run of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15255828", "score": "1.0681542", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "issue of \"Billboard\" magazine dated June 13, 1970, and remained on the album chart for 19 weeks, peaking at number 43. For its release in the UK, the name of the album was changed to \"Can't Help Falling in Love\", and the song selection and track order were slightly different. It entered the UK album chart that same month, on June 20, and reached number seven over the course of 48 weeks. The song \"Can't Help Falling in Love\" was one of the two tracks from the UK version of the album that did not appear on the original release.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029964", "score": "1.0646534", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)", "text": "work and fun. I have worked with a lot of artists, but this has been a personal experience which I am pleased to be a part of as a producer.\" -- Dick Glasser \"I worked in commercial television for about three years, mostly on \"The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour\", but I also did two TV specials for Andy. One of the standard forms of TV writing is the medley. In television the medley is usually those parts of popular songs most identifiable to the public, strung together in a musical collage with some kind of theme or storyline connecting them.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15029969", "score": "1.0506693", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "text": "in their lyrics of In the Cage\" in 1974. It has been covered in French by French singer Sacha Distel, whose version \"Toute La Pluie Tombe Sur Moi\" was a number 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart, and number 13 in Ireland, as well as number 10 in France. Distel also recorded a version with the original English lyrics, and another in Italian, \"Gocce Di Pioggia Su Di Me\". Bobbie Gentry's version reached number 40 in the UK chart. Paul Mauriat recorded it with his Grand Orchestra it 1973. It was the only known cover in the USSR. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15327019", "score": "1.0468116", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "B. J. Thomas", "text": "acoustic arrangements of well known hits. It features guest appearances with established and emerging vocalists accompanying Thomas on seven of twelve tracks. On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that his 1969 single \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" would be inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Thomas has been married to singer-songwriter Gloria Richardson since December 1968. They have three daughters: Paige (born 1970), Nora (adopted from North Korea in 1978), and Erin (born in 1979). Shortly after Thomas's career began, he became dependent on drugs and alcohol, which led to his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1466700", "score": "1.0210171", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dick Enberg", "text": "Bruins. Enberg had run out of statistics and began to fill his radio broadcast with small talk. The movie \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\" had just been released, and Enberg was humming the tune to \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\", but did not know the words. Two nights later, in a home game against Oregon State, many UCLA students brought the lyrics to the song. Enberg promised that he would sing the song if UCLA won the conference championship. He sang the song following the final game of the season. The event was recorded in the \"Los Angeles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3851389", "score": "1.0167248", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Living Room Sessions (B. J. Thomas album)", "text": "Kid\" and won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach, the song was a No. 1 hit for Thomas and earned him an appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show. Movie goers became re-acquainted with \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" when it was included in the film Spider-Man 2 (2004). The 1969 recording was inducted into the 2014, Grammy Hall of Fame. Two time Academy of Country Music Award nominee Kyle Lehning produced \"The Living Room Sessions\" at Sound Stage Studio, Nashville, Tennessee in 2012. Lehning and Thomas kept the pre-production details simple,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17113490", "score": "1.0038713", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Eliza Keil", "text": "It Get To You\". This film also featured Kiri Te Kanawa and Sir Howard Morrison. In or around 1967 she was a regular resident singer on Television New Zealand's \"C'mon\" show. She was on the touring spectacular of the show with her brother Herma. She was invited to guest on his farewell tour for New Zealand singing star Mr Lee Grant in 1968. In 1970, her album \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head\", which was arranged by Don Richardson was released on the Philips label. It was reported that year in the March 28 edition of \"The New Zealand Herald\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14650894", "score": "0.9979038", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Get Together with Andy Williams", "text": "of 10 weeks, and the Recording Industry Association of America awarded the album Gold certification on February 19, 1970. The album was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on January 22, 2002, the other album being Williams's Columbia release from the spring of 1970, \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\". Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled \"Classic Album Collection, Vol. 2\", which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29, 2002. \"Billboard\" magazine felt that \"his fresh,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15003322", "score": "0.9934795", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", "text": "and cassette versions also climbing the charts. Ray Stevens was first offered the opportunity to record it for the film, but turned it down. He chose instead to record the song \"Sunday Morning Coming Down\", written by Kris Kristofferson. Bob Dylan is supposed to have been approached for the song, but he, too, reportedly declined. The trumpet solos in the song are performed by Chuck Findley. In 2004, it finished at number 23 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was ranked 85th on \"Billboard\"'s Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15327014", "score": "0.97898984", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Bobbie Gentry discography", "text": "album's first single, \"Fancy\", peaked at No. 31 on the \"Billboard Hot 100\" and No. 26 on the \"Top Country Songs\" chart. There additional singles were released from the album, \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\", \"He Made a Woman Out of Me\", and \"If You Gotta Make a Fool Out of Somebody\". In April 1971, Gentry released her seventh studio album, \"Patchwork\", which would become her final album. Two singles were released from the album, \"But I Can't Get Back\" and \"Somebody Like Me\". Bobbie Gentry discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Bobbie Gentry consists of seven studio albums,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20748863", "score": "0.96111715", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "The Look of Love (musical)", "text": "\"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head,\" is a tap number. The production was reviewed by Bruce Weber in \"The New York Times\":\"Hearing 29 Bachrach-David songs one after another only makes you realize how limited their range has been, how bland their musical and lyrical palettes are and how little interest they have shown in venturing away from a commercially viable blueprint. With rare exceptions, like \"Walk on By,\" their substance is all style.\" Elysa Gardner in her \"USA Today\" review wrote:\"...there also are moments when pop savvy and theatrical razzle-dazzle meet harmoniously, and most of them owe at least as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13330346", "score": "0.95996773", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "I'm a Lonesome Little Raindrop (Looking for a Place to Fall)", "text": "You’ve heard of Robinson Crusoe, well he had nothing on me. I’m always all alone, no sweety of my own, to make me happy as can be. I’m just as blue as skies above, I’d like to find someone to shower with my love, believe me. I’m a lonesome little raindrop looking for a place to fall. The girls say I’m a charming fella, but when I come around each girl puts up her umbrella. Girls they are so fair, they all give me the air I keep on falling falling but don’t land anywhere, oh I’m a lonesome little", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19612390", "score": "0.9588595", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "four" ]

[ { "title": "India–Pakistan relations", "text": "wars between the two countries in 1947 and 1965, and a limited conflict in 1999. The state remains divided between the two countries by the Line of Control (LoC), which demarcates the ceasefire line agreed upon in the 1947 conflict modified in 1972 as per Simla Agreement. India and Pakistan have fought in numerous armed conflicts since their independence. There are three major wars that have taken place between the two states, namely in 1947, 1965 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. In addition to this was the unofficial Kargil War in 1999 and some border skirmishes. The Indo-Pakistani", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7434176", "score": "0.9997729", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Kashmir conflict", "text": "Pakistan as an endorsement of India's position on Kashmir that no outside power has any role in this dispute. India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in 1998 and the two countries each hold significant numbers of nuclear warheads. India and Pakistan fought two wars over the issue of Kashmir in 1947 and 1965. These two neighbours came dangerously close to a third war during the Kargil conflict in 1999. In telegram No.413 dated 28 October 1947 addressed to Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nehru wrote, \"That Government of India and Pakistan should make a joint request to U.N.O. to undertake a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6348869", "score": "0.9919311", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1965", "text": "both India and Pakistan ensured that the war ended in a stalemate — Indian military intelligence gave no warning of the impending Pakistan invasion. The Indian Army failed to recognize the presence of heavy Pakistani artillery and armaments in Chumb and suffered significant losses as a result. The \"Official War History - 1965\", drafted by the Ministry of Defence of India in 1992, was a long suppressed document that revealed other miscalculations. According to the document, on 22 September when the Security Council was pressing for a ceasefire, the Indian Prime Minister asked commanding Gen. Chaudhuri if India could possibly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3021553", "score": "0.9847084", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "War Chhod Na Yaar", "text": "Defense minister of Pakistan with Pakistani General contacts Defense minister of China for some help. Defense minister of China tells that he will attack New Delhi with a nuclear bomb . At Indo-Pak border Pakistan army are becoming very lazy. Then don't want to pay attention to commander Khan(Sanjai Mishra). Captain Rajveer Singh (Sharman Joshi) and Captain Quereshi (Javed Jaffery) are battalion captains of India and Pakistan – two countries forever embroiled in conflict and turmoil with each other. However, on the actual battle-field, Raj and Quereshi and his troops form an unlikely friendship and camaraderie, reared on a love", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17203729", "score": "0.975757", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Military history of India", "text": "Agreement of 1972, as a gesture of goodwill). Within two weeks of intense fighting, Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered to the joint command of Indian and Bangladeshi forces following which the People's Republic of Bangladesh was created. This war saw the highest number of casualties in any of the India-Pakistan conflicts, as well as the largest number of prisoners of war since the Second World War after the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani military and civilians. In the words of one Pakistani author, \"Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5100665", "score": "0.97494745", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971", "text": "in Azad Kashmir, Punjab and Sindh sectors was later ceded in the Simla Agreement of 1972, as a gesture of goodwill. Casualties inflicted to Pakistan Army's I Corps, II Corps, and Pakistan Marines' Punjab detachment were very high, and many soldiers and marines perished due to lack of operational planning and lack of coordination within the marine-army formations against Indian Army's Southern and Western Commands. By the time the war came to end, the army soldiers and marines were highly demoralised– both emotionally and psychologically– on the western front and had no will to put up a defensive fight against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2632532", "score": "0.9716332", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Military history of Pakistan", "text": "by the Indian army with the help of the Indian Air Force, and was an example of poor co-ordination by Pakistan. The result was the Pakistan Armed Forces's surrender to the Indian forces upon which 93,000 soldiers and officers became POWs, the largest since World War II. The official war between India and Pakistan ended after a fortnight on December 16, 1971, with Pakistan losing East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh. The official Bangladesh Government claim puts the number of Bengali civilian fatalities at 3 million. The military government collapsed as a result of the war, and control of the country", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7055961", "score": "0.970502", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971", "text": "brutality in East Pakistan, but \"chose to downplay the scale of the atrocities committed.\" The second commission was known as Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation, conducted solely by the Pakistani government, that was to determine the numbers of Pakistani military personnel who surrendered, including the number of civilian POWs. The official number of the surrendered military personnel was soon released by the Government of Pakistan after the war was over. On 2 July 1972, the Indo-Pakistani summit was held in Simla, Himachal Pradesh, India where the Simla Agreement was reached and signed between President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2632573", "score": "0.9693904", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Frozen conflict", "text": "conflict yet as ceasefire violations are keeping the fighting on a low burner. However, some experts predict a frozen future for this conflict as well. India and Pakistan have fought at least three wars over the disputed region of Kashmir in 1947, 1965, and 1999. India claims the entire area of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu, of which it administers approximately 43%. Its claims are contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 37% of the region and urges for plebiscite in Kashmir. The remaining territory is controlled by the People's Republic of China, with which India is again", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7378494", "score": "0.9676336", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts", "text": "Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern states of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts", "text": "as the largest number of prisoners of war since the Second World War after the surrender of more than 90,000 Pakistani military and civilians. In the words of one Pakistani author, \"Pakistan lost half its navy, a quarter of its air force and a third of its army\". Commonly known as the Kargil War, this conflict between the two countries was mostly limited. During early 1999, Pakistani troops infiltrated across the Line of Control (LoC) and occupied Indian territory mostly in the Kargil district. India responded by launching a major military and diplomatic offensive to drive out the Pakistani infiltrators.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1271142", "score": "0.96651626", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts", "text": "were scattered unevenly in the whole country, the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947 was not possible along religious lines. Nearly one third of the Muslim population of British India remained in India. Inter-communal violence between Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims resulted in between 500,000 and 1 million casualties. Princely-ruled territories, such as Kashmir and Hyderabad, were also involved in the Partition. Rulers of these territories had the choice of joining India or Pakistan. The war, also called the First Kashmir War, started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharaja of the princely state of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1271136", "score": "0.9600742", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Indian Army", "text": "Arora, the three corps of the Indian Army, which had invaded East Pakistan, entered Dhaka and forced Pakistani forces to surrender on 16 December 1971, one day after the conclusion of the battle of Basantar. After Pakistan's Lt General A A K Niazi signed the Instrument of Surrender, India took more than 90,000 Pakistani prisoners of war. By the time of the signing, 11,000 Pakistani soldiers were killed-in-action while India suffered 3,500 battle-related deaths. In addition, Pakistan lost 220 tanks during the battle compared to India's 69. In 1972, the Simla Agreement was signed between the two countries and tensions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2215597", "score": "0.95832056", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts", "text": "heavy casualties. The government refused to accept the dead bodies of many officers, an issue that provoked outrage and protests in the Northern Areas. Pakistan initially did not acknowledge many of its casualties, but Nawaz Sharif later said that over 4,000 Pakistani troops were killed in the operation and that Pakistan had lost the conflict. By the end of July 1999, organized hostilities in the Kargil district had ceased. The war was a major military defeat for the Pakistani Army. Apart from the aforementioned wars, there have been skirmishes between the two nations from time to time. Some have bordered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1271144", "score": "0.9580589", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1965", "text": "Pakistan suffered 3,800. The Indian army was in possession of 758.9 miles² (1,920 km²) of Pakistani territory and the Pakistan army held 210 mile² (550 km²) of Indian territory. The territory occupied by India was mainly in the fertile Sialkot, Lahore and Kashmir sectors, while Pakistani ground gains were primarily in deserts opposite Sindh and in the Chumb sector near Kashmir. Pakistan claims that it held 1600 square miles of Indian territory, while lost 450 square miles of its own territory. The war saw aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) engaging in combat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3021522", "score": "0.9575126", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "India–Pakistan relations", "text": "and numerous territorial claims would overshadow their relationship. Since their Independence, the two countries have fought three major wars, one undeclared war and have been involved in numerous armed skirmishes and military standoffs. The Kashmir conflict is the main centre-point of all of these conflicts with the exception of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War, which resulted in the secession of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). There have been numerous attempts to improve the relationship—notably, the Shimla summit, the Agra summit and the Lahore summit. Since the early 1980s, relations between the two nations soured particularly after the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7434158", "score": "0.9562342", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948", "text": "forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2755288", "score": "0.9527304", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Indian Army", "text": "conflict stood at 527, while more than 700 regular members of the Pakistani Army were killed. The number of Islamist fighters, also known as Mujahideen, killed by Indian Armed Forces during the conflict stood at about 3,000. United Nations peacekeeping missions India has been the largest troop contributor to UN missions since its inception. So far India has taken part in 43 Peacekeeping missions with a total contribution exceeding 160,000 troops and a significant number of police personnel having been deployed. In 2014 India is the third largest troop contributor [TCC] with 7,860 personnel deployed with ten UN Peacekeeping Missions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2215610", "score": "0.9513303", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Military history of India", "text": "a miscalculation, because Indian nationalist politicians, who had previously come out against the INA, now whipped up popular sentiment for the release of the INA accused. Realizing their error, the British acquiesced. In this way, the INA was another sign that the Raj's days were numbered. The Republic of India has fought three wars and one major incursion battle with Pakistan and one border war with China. This is also called the First Kashmir War. The war started in October 1947 when Pakistan feared that the Maharajah of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu would accede to India. Following", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5100656", "score": "0.94914687", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "War Chhod Na Yaar", "text": "sometimes even over-the-top. The movie was produced by AOPL Entertainment Pvt Ltd and was released on 11 October 2013. The film begins with Captain Rajveer Singh (Sharman Joshi) and Captain Quereshi (Javed Jaffrey) are captains of India and Pakistan playing cards with their partners at Indo-Pak border. Suddenly bomb explodes. Then the film flashbacks into seventeen hours before. At that time the Defense minister of India called Ruth Dutta (Soha Ali Khan), the reporter of GBC news to talk about some important top secret. He reveals that after two days war will be declared between India and Pakistan.Fourteen hours before,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17203728", "score": "0.9474813", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Foreign relations of India", "text": "forces. The war ended in December 1948 with the Line of Control dividing the erstwhile princely state into territories administered by Pakistan (northern and western areas) and India (southern, central and northeastern areas). Pakistan contested the legality of the Instrument of Accession since the Dogra Kingdom has signed a standstill agreement with it. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 started following the failure of Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. The five-week war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. It ended in a United Nations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "191356", "score": "0.9453412", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts", "text": "positions. The Indian Army quickly responded to the Pakistan Army's movements in the west and made some initial gains, including capturing around of Pakistan territory (land gained by India in Pakistani Kashmir, Pakistani Punjab and Sindh sectors but gifted it back to Pakistan in the Simla Agreement of 1972, as a gesture of goodwill). Within two weeks of intense fighting, Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered to the joint command of Indian and Bangladeshi forces following which the People's Republic of Bangladesh was created. This war saw the highest number of casualties in any of the India-Pakistan conflicts, as well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1271141", "score": "0.9433025", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1965", "text": "retaliated with its own covert operations, sending commandos deep into Pakistan territory, but these rumors were later determined to be unfounded. India and Pakistan make widely divergent claims about the damage they inflicted on each other and the amount of damage suffered by them. The following summarizes each nation's claims. There have been several neutral assessments of the losses incurred by both India and Pakistan during the war. Most of these assessments agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when ceasefire was declared. Some of the neutral assessments are mentioned below — The war was militarily inconclusive; each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3021541", "score": "0.9431031", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Military history of India", "text": "an insurgency against rule by India. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and also witnessed the largest tank battle since World War II. The hostilities between the two countries ended after a ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and USA and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Though ruled to be militarily inconclusive, both India and Pakistan claimed victory. Most neutral assessments, however, agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. As Pakistan lost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5100661", "score": "0.94222695", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1965", "text": "large sums of money were taken from the east to finance the war for Kashmir. In fact, despite some Pakistan Air Force attacks being launched from bases in East Pakistan during the war, India did not retaliate in that sector, although East Pakistan was defended only by an understrengthed infantry division (14th Division), sixteen planes and no tanks. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was critical of the disparity in military resources deployed in East and West Pakistan, calling for greater autonomy for East Pakistan, an action that ultimately led to the Bangladesh Liberation War and another war between India and Pakistan in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3021581", "score": "0.936215", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Indian Army", "text": "from 26 January 1950, the date India became a republic, all active-duty Indian Army officers formerly holding the King's Commission were recommissioned and confirmed in their substantive ranks. First Kashmir War (1947) Immediately after independence, tensions between India and Pakistan began to boil over, and the first of three full-scale wars between the two nations broke out over the then princely state of Kashmir. The Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to have a standstill position. Since Kashmir was a Muslim majority state, Pakistan wanted to make Kashmir a Pakistani territory. As a result, Pakistan invaded Kashmir on 22 October 1947, causing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2215574", "score": "0.93541545", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971", "text": "25,000 wounded, while India only had 3,000 dead and 12,000 wounded. The loss of armoured vehicles was similarly imbalanced and this finally represented a major defeat for Pakistan. Officially, the Instrument of Surrender of Pakistan Eastern Command stationed in East Pakistan, was signed between the Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, the GOC-in-C of Indian Eastern Command and Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Niazi, the Commander of the Pakistan Eastern Command, at the Ramna Race Course in Dacca at 16:31Hrs IST on 16 December 1971. As the surrender was accepted silently by Lieutenant-General Aurora, the surrounding crowds on the race course started shouting anti-Pakistan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2632536", "score": "0.9337058", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Indo-Pak Confederation proposals", "text": "that Muslims and Hindus are separate nations that could not live together. Partition provoked great communal conflicts and the dispute over the territory of Kashmir made both nations hostile to each other. India and Pakistan engaged in war in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. However, some diplomatic efforts have succeeded in promoting bilateral trade, sports events and permitting Indians and Pakistanis to visit each other's countries through the Samjhauta Express and the Delhi-Lahore Bus. The 1972 Shimla Agreement and subsequent bilateral accords have bound both nations to seek a peaceful solution to the Kashmir conflict while promoting trade and economic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6815882", "score": "0.9332964", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Pakistan Armed Forces", "text": "to \"Army-Navy-Air Force\". In the 1990s, the additional reforms of the military eventually changed the order of precedence to Army-Navy-Air Force-Marines; though the Marines remained part of the Navy, not a separate service branch. Between 1947 and 1971, Pakistan has fought three direct conventional wars against India, with the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 witnessing the secession of East Pakistan as independent Bangladesh. In the latter war, the Pakistan Armed Forces were the main perpetrators of the Bangladesh genocide, in which, most independent researchers estimate, around 300,000 to 500,000 people were killed and 200,000 to 400,000 were raped, while the Bangladesh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "314367", "score": "0.9329357", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts", "text": "on all-out war, while others were limited in scope. The countries were expected to fight each other in 1955 after warlike posturing on both sides, but full-scale war did not break out. The nuclear conflict between both countries is of passive strategic nature with nuclear doctrine of Pakistan stating a first strike policy, although the strike would only be initiated if and only if, the Pakistan Armed Forces are unable to halt an invasion (as for example in 1971 war) or a nuclear strike is launched against Pakistan, whereas India has a declared policy of no first use. These wars", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1271145", "score": "0.9308646", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Ptolemy" ]

[ { "title": "Geographer", "text": "He also put forth the idea of an earth-centered universe, an idea widely believed until the 1500s when Copernicus began to suggest that the earth and other planets in the solar system actually revolve around the sun (called the \"heliocentric\" (Sun-centered) theory). Gerardus Mercator, originally name Gerard De Cremer or simply Kremer(?) (born on March 5, 1512 in Rupelmonde, Flanders [now in Belgium]; died on December 2, 1594 in Duisburg, Duchy of Cleve [now in Germany]) was a cartographer famous for creating a heart-shaped representation of the earth (also called the \"Mercator projection\" of the earth) in response to a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "820082", "score": "1.1139477", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Geographer", "text": "the distance between the earth and the moon (which he believed was equal to 63 times the earth's radius, although it is actually equal to 60 times the earth's radius). Building upon this knowledge, he developed the parallax theory to explain the apparent displacement of celestial bodies relative to the observer's vantage point. Alexander von Humboldt (born Sept. 14, 1769 in Berlin; died May 6, 1859) was a German geographer, naturalist and explorer who made major contributions to the field of biogeography by producing break-through research on the connection between the climate of a region and the plant life growing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "820073", "score": "1.0382586", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "knew about Tusi's work or that of the Maragha school. Not all Greeks agreed with the geocentric model. The Pythagorean system has already been mentioned; some Pythagoreans believed the Earth to be one of several planets going around a central fire. Hicetas and Ecphantus, two Pythagoreans of the 5th century BC, and Heraclides Ponticus in the 4th century BC, believed that the Earth rotated on its axis but remained at the center of the universe. Such a system still qualifies as geocentric. It was revived in the Middle Ages by Jean Buridan. Heraclides Ponticus was once thought to have proposed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864332", "score": "1.0289547", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Simon Marius", "text": "said that the appearance of the stars as seen through a telescope actually argued against Copernicus. He also concluded from his observations of the Jovian moons that they must orbit Jupiter while Jupiter orbits the Sun. Therefore, Marius concluded that the geocentric Tychonic system, in which the planets circle the Sun while the Sun circles the Earth, must be the correct world system, or model of the universe. Simon Marius Simon Marius (Latinized from German \"Simon Mayr\"; January 20, 1573 – January 5, 1625) was a German astronomer. He was born in Gunzenhausen, near Nuremberg, but he spent most of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1580072", "score": "1.0273434", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "the geocentric view than Newtonian physics does, relativity is not geocentric. Rather, relativity states that the Sun, the Earth, the Moon, Jupiter, or any other point for that matter could be chosen as a center of the solar system with equal validity. For this reason Robert Sungenis, a modern geocentrist, spent much of Volume I of his book \"Galileo Was Wrong: The Church Was Right\" critiquing and trying to unravel the Special and General theories of Relativity. Relativity agrees with Newtonian predictions that regardless of whether the Sun or the Earth are chosen arbitrarily as the center of the coordinate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864346", "score": "1.0261489", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "Saudi Arabia from 1993 to 1999, Ibn Baz also promoted the geocentric view between 1966 and 1985. The geocentric (Ptolemaic) model of the solar system is still of interest to planetarium makers, as, for technical reasons, a Ptolemaic-type motion for the planet light apparatus has some advantages over a Copernican-type motion. The celestial sphere, still used for teaching purposes and sometimes for navigation, is also based on a geocentric system which in effect ignores parallax. However this effect is negligible at the scale of accuracy that applies to a planetarium. Geocentric model In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864362", "score": "1.0208397", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Early world maps", "text": "the spherical nature of the earth. Posidonius (or Poseidonius) of Apameia (c. 135–51 BCE), was a Greek Stoic philosopher who traveled throughout the Roman world and beyond and was a celebrated polymath throughout the Greco-Roman world, like Aristotle and Eratosthenes. His work \"about the ocean and the adjacent areas\" was a general geographical discussion, showing how all the forces had an effect on each other and applied also to human life. He measured the Earth's circumference by reference to the position of the star Canopus. His measure of 240,000 stadia translates to , close to the actual circumference of .", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6194621", "score": "1.007903", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Albert Brudzewski", "text": "the geocentric system. He was the first to state that the Moon moves in an ellipse and always shows its same side to the Earth. He drew up tables for calculating the positions of heavenly bodies. In 1482 he wrote a \"Commentum planetarium in theoricas Georgii Purbachii\"—a commentary on Georg von Peuerbach's text, \"New Theories of the Planets\"—published in Milan by his pupil, Jan Otto de Kraceusae. Besides Copernicus, Albert's students included the mathematician Bernard Wapowski and the German poet and Renaissance humanist, Conrad Celtis, who in Kraków established the first Central European literary society, \"Sodalitas Litterana Vistulana\". In 1495,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "637011", "score": "1.0075516", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Hipparchus", "text": "Hipparchus Hipparchus of Nicaea (; , \"Hipparkhos\"; ) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes. Hipparchus was born in Nicaea, Bithynia (now İznik, Turkey), and probably died on the island of Rhodes. He is known to have been a working astronomer at least from 162 to 127 . Hipparchus is considered the greatest ancient astronomical observer and, by some, the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity. He was the first whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "175779", "score": "1.0068908", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "The astronomical predictions of Ptolemy's geocentric model were used to prepare astrological and astronomical charts for over 1500 years. The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but from the late 16th century onward, it was gradually superseded by the Heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories. Christian theologians were reluctant to reject a theory that agreed with Bible passages (e.g. \"Sun, stand you still upon Gibeon\", Joshua 10:12). Others felt a new, unknown theory could not subvert an accepted consensus for geocentrism.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "was gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories. Some Christian theologians were reluctant to reject a theory that agreed with Biblical passages. Others felt a new, unknown theory could not subvert an accepted consensus for geocentrism. The geocentric model entered Greek astronomy and philosophy at an early point; it can be found in pre-Socratic philosophy. In the 6th century BC, Anaximander proposed a cosmology with Earth shaped like a section of a pillar (a cylinder), held aloft at the center of everything. The Sun, Moon,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864307", "score": "1.0066464", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "within the synod did not set the position of the church body as a whole. Articles arguing that geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early creation science newsletters pointing to some passages in the Bible, which, when taken literally, indicate that the daily apparent motions of the Sun and the Moon are due to their actual motions around the Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis. For example, in , the Sun and Moon are said to stop in the sky, and in Psalms the world is described as immobile. says in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864351", "score": "1.0053703", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "part \"the world is established, firm and secure\".) Contemporary advocates for such religious beliefs include Robert Sungenis (president of Bellarmine Theological Forum and author of the 2006 book \"Galileo Was Wrong\"). These people subscribe to the view that a plain reading of the Bible contains an accurate account of the manner in which the universe was created and requires a geocentric worldview. Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives. Morris Berman quotes a 2006 survey that show currently some 20% of the U.S. population believe that the sun goes around the Earth (geocentricism) rather than the Earth goes around the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864352", "score": "1.0032394", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "that both Venus and Mercury went around the Sun rather than the Earth, but this is no longer accepted. Martianus Capella definitely put Mercury and Venus in orbit around the Sun. Aristarchus of Samos was the most radical. He wrote a work, which has not survived, on heliocentrism, saying that the Sun was at the center of the universe, while the Earth and other planets revolved around it. His theory was not popular, and he had one named follower, Seleucus of Seleucia. In 1543, the geocentric system met its first serious challenge with the publication of Copernicus' \"De revolutionibus orbium", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864333", "score": "1.0009882", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "intended to explain changes in the brightness of the planets due to a change in distance. Eventually, perfectly concentric spheres were abandoned as it was impossible to develop a sufficiently accurate model under that ideal. However, while providing for similar explanations, the later deferent and epicycle model was flexible enough to accommodate observations for many centuries. Although the basic tenets of Greek geocentrism were established by the time of Aristotle, the details of his system did not become standard. The Ptolemaic system, developed by the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus in the 2nd century AD finally standardised geocentrism. His main astronomical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864315", "score": "0.99769163", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Earth's orbit", "text": "presented his geocentric model in the 2nd century. This \"Copernican revolution\" resolved the issue of planetary retrograde motion by arguing that such motion was only perceived and apparent. \"Although Copernicus's groundbreaking book...had been [printed] over a century earlier, [the Dutch mapmaker] Joan Blaeu was the first mapmaker to incorporate his revolutionary heliocentric theory into a map of the world.\" Because of Earth's axial tilt (often known as the obliquity of the ecliptic), the inclination of the Sun's trajectory in the sky (as seen by an observer on Earth's surface) varies over the course of the year. For an observer at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3542845", "score": "0.9932533", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "and planets were holes in invisible wheels surrounding Earth; through the holes, humans could see concealed fire. About the same time, Pythagoras thought that the Earth was a sphere (in accordance with observations of eclipses), but not at the center; they believed that it was in motion around an unseen fire. Later these views were combined, so most educated Greeks from the 4th century BC on thought that the Earth was a sphere at the center of the universe. In the 4th century BC, two influential Greek philosophers, Plato and his student Aristotle, wrote works based on the geocentric model.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864308", "score": "0.9920572", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Spherical Earth", "text": "up. In this geocentric model, the structure of the universe was believed to be a series of perfect spheres. The Sun, Moon, planets and fixed stars were believed to move on celestial spheres around a stationary Earth. Though Aristotle's theory of physics survived in the Christian world for many centuries, the heliocentric model was eventually shown to be a more correct explanation of the Solar System than the geocentric model, and atomic theory was shown to be a more correct explanation of the nature of matter than classical elements like earth, water, air, fire, and aether. In proposition 2 of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1777754", "score": "0.9886386", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of cartography", "text": "Samos (c. 560–480 BC) speculated about the notion of a spherical earth with a central fire at its core. He is sometimes incorrectly credited with the introduction of a model that divides a spherical earth into five zones: one hot, two temperate, and two cold—northern and southern. This idea, known as the zonal theory of climate, is more likely to have originated at the time of Aristotle. Scylax, a sailor, made a record of his Mediterranean voyages in c. 515 BC. This is the earliest known set of Greek periploi, or sailing instructions, which became the basis for many future", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8090047", "score": "0.98645246", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Heraclides Ponticus", "text": "Heraclides Ponticus Heraclides Ponticus ( \"Herakleides\"; c. 390 BC – c. 310 BC) was a Greek philosopher and astronomer who was born in Heraclea Pontica, now Karadeniz Ereğli, Turkey, and migrated to Athens. He is best remembered for proposing that the Earth rotates on its axis, from west to east, once every 24 hours. He is also hailed as the originator of the heliocentric theory, although this is doubted by some. Heraclides' father was Euthyphron, a wealthy nobleman who sent his son to study at the Platonic Academy in Athens under its founder Plato and under his successor Speusippus. According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1477252", "score": "0.9864114", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Robert Sungenis", "text": "in the holocaust (you know), I love the Jewish people, I’m not an anti-semite.'\" According to Sungenis, he became interested in the pseudoscientific belief of geocentrism around 2002 after he read the book, \"Geocentricity\" by Gerardus D. Bouw. Sungenis became an advocate for the idea by 2006. He believes that the earth does not rotate and has offered $1,000 via his group, Catholic Apologetics International, to anyone who could prove that the Earth moves around the Sun. By 2011, he was the leader of a small group of conservative Roman Catholics who were advocating for the Roman Catholic Church to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4967968", "score": "0.98588353", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Geographer", "text": "Earth. According to the works of Aristotle, other scientists had estimated the circumference of the Earth prior to Eratosthenes's discovery, but the records of the specific methods and calculations that they used did not survive. Hipparchus (born in Nicaea, Bithynia [now Iznik, Turkey]; believed to have died after 127 BC in Rhodes) is best known for using astronomical studies to predict the movements and positions of celestial bodies such as the sun, moon, and stars. He discovered the equinoxes (autumnal equinox and spring equinox) and calculated the length of the solar year. Hipparchus was also the first to correctly determine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "820072", "score": "0.9843569", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Seleucus of Seleucia", "text": "Seleucus of Seleucia Seleucus of Seleucia ( \"Seleukos\"; born c. 190 BC; fl. c. 150 BC) was a Hellenistic astronomer and philosopher. Coming from Seleucia on the Tigris, Mesopotamia, the capital of the Seleucid Empire, or, alternatively, Seleukia on the Erythraean Sea, he is best known as a proponent of heliocentrism and for his theory of the origin of tides. Teaching around 150 BC, he is known to have been a follower of the heliocentric theory of Aristarchus of Samos, which stated that the Earth rotated around its own axis which in turn revolved around the Sun. According to Plutarch,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3751159", "score": "0.98152584", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "History of physics", "text": "mainstream scientific paradigm in Europe until the time of Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton. Early in Classical Greece, knowledge that the Earth is spherical (\"round\") was common. Around 240 BCE, as the result a seminal experiment, Eratosthenes (276–194 BCE) accurately estimated its circumference. In contrast to Aristotle's geocentric views, Aristarchus of Samos (; c.310 – c.230 BCE) presented an explicit argument for a heliocentric model of the Solar system, i.e. for placing the Sun, not the Earth, at its centre. Seleucus of Seleucia, a follower of Aristarchus' heliocentric theory, stated that the Earth rotated around its own axis, which, in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "173826", "score": "0.9710907", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "motion based on Plato's dictum stating that all phenomena in the heavens can be explained with uniform circular motion. Aristotle elaborated on Eudoxus' system. In the fully developed Aristotelian system, the spherical Earth is at the center of the universe, and all other heavenly bodies are attached to 47–55 transparent, rotating spheres surrounding the Earth, all concentric with it. (The number is so high because several spheres are needed for each planet.) These spheres, known as crystalline spheres, all moved at different uniform speeds to create the revolution of bodies around the Earth. They were composed of an incorruptible substance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864310", "score": "0.9706639", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Tetrabiblos", "text": "the geocentric perspective, by which their orbits are measured is if they are centred upon the Earth. Uniting these Aristotelian principles with a prevalent Greek philosophy employed by Zeno of Citium and the Pythagoreans, the next three chapters arrange the planets into pairs of opposites. They may be benefic (moderately warming or moistening) or malefic (excessively cooling or drying); masculine (drying) or feminine (moistening); active and diurnal (suited to the qualities of the day and aligned with the nature of the Sun) or passive and nocturnal (suited to the qualities of the night and aligned with the nature of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5067954", "score": "0.9683775", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Geography", "text": "the credit going either to Parmenides or Pythagoras. Anaxagoras was able to demonstrate that the profile of the Earth was circular by explaining eclipses. However, he still believed that the Earth was a flat disk, as did many of his contemporaries. One of the first estimates of the radius of the Earth was made by Eratosthenes. The first rigorous system of latitude and longitude lines is credited to Hipparchus. He employed a sexagesimal system that was derived from Babylonian mathematics. The meridians were sub-divided into 360°, with each degree further subdivided into 60 (minutes). To measure the longitude at different", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12370821", "score": "0.9681848", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Geography", "text": "fragments quoted by his successors. Anaximander is credited with the invention of the gnomon, the simple, yet efficient Greek instrument that allowed the early measurement of latitude. Thales is also credited with the prediction of eclipses. The foundations of geography can be traced to the ancient cultures, such as the ancient, medieval, and early modern Chinese. The Greeks, who were the first to explore geography as both art and science, achieved this through Cartography, Philosophy, and Literature, or through Mathematics. There is some debate about who was the first person to assert that the Earth is spherical in shape, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12370820", "score": "0.9681264", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Arthur Robert Hinks", "text": "Arthur Robert Hinks Arthur Robert Hinks, CBE, FRS (26 May 1873 – 14 April 1945) was a British astronomer and geographer. As an astronomer, he is best known for his work in determining the distance from the Sun to the Earth (the astronomical unit) from 1900–1909: for this achievement, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. His later professional career was in surveying and cartography, an extension of his astronomical interests. Hinks was educated at Whitgift School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated Bachelor of Arts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13998283", "score": "0.96635413", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Geocentric model", "text": "aforementioned Biblical verses and an interpretation of Maimonides to the effect that he ruled that the Earth is orbited by the sun. The Lubavitcher Rebbe also explained that geocentrism is defensible based on the theory of Relativity, which establishes that \"when two bodies in space are in motion relative to one another, ... science declares with absolute certainty that from the scientific point of view both possibilities are equally valid, namely that the Earth revolves around the sun, or the sun revolves around the Earth\", although he also went on to refer to people who believed in geocentrism as \"remaining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864359", "score": "0.9624629", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

[ "the Mandate of Heaven", "Mandate of Heaven" ]

[ { "title": "Order of succession", "text": "strongest claim to assume the throne when the vacancy occurs. Often, the line of succession is restricted to persons of the blood royal (but see morganatic marriage), that is, to those legally recognized as born into or descended from the reigning dynasty or a previous sovereign. The persons in line to succeed to the throne are called \"dynasts\". Constitutions, statutes, house laws, and norms may regulate the sequence and eligibility of potential successors to the throne. Historically, the order of succession was sometimes superseded or reinforced by the coronation of a selected heir as co-monarch during the life of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8742859", "score": "0.91366124", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dynastic cycle", "text": "a succession of different dynasties. The first dynasty in China to be described in ancient historical records such as Records of the Grand Historian and Bamboo Annals is the Xia, which was succeeded by the Shang, although concrete existence of the Xia is yet to be archaeologically proven. Among these dynasties the Han and Tang are often considered as particularly strong periods, although other dynasties are famous for cultural and other achievements (for instance, the Song dynasty is sometimes associated with rapid economic development). Han and Tang, as well as other long, stable dynasties were followed by periods of disorder", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2369457", "score": "0.91154164", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Dynasty", "text": "from Latin \"\", which comes from Greek \"dynastéia\" (), where it referred to \"power\", \"dominion\", and \"rule\" itself. It was the abstract noun of \"dynástēs\" (), the agent noun of \"dynamis\" (), \"power\" or \"ability\", from \"dýnamai\" (), \"to be able\". A ruler in a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a \"dynast\", but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains a right to succeed to a throne. For example, following his abdication, Edward VIII of the United Kingdom ceased to be a dynastic member of the House of Windsor. A \"dynastic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1675263", "score": "0.9106853", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Coronation of the pharaoh", "text": "his sons at the same time to rule over the two lands. A later example, namely that of Sahure and Neferirkare Kakai, may provide a case of dynastic problems between two separate but related royal houses. It is possible that one of Sahure's son, Shepseskare, tried to succeed his nephew Neferefre on throne after the latter died unexpectedly. This is likely to have created a dynastic feud as Nyuserre Ini, a son of Neferefre, finally assumed the throne only a few months later. The throne could also be obtained by marriage in case the only living heir was a woman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17028779", "score": "0.91040605", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Divine right of kings", "text": "Kings\" in the face of English theories of inalienable popular and clerical rights. The divine right of kings, or divine-right theory of kingship, is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving his right to rule directly from the will of God. The king is thus not subject to the will of his people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm, including (in the view of some, especially in Protestant countries) the church. A weaker or more moderate form of this political theory does", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "110569", "score": "0.9048851", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Divine right of kings", "text": "to perform rituals and make public appearances, while true power was held by regents, high-ranking ministers, a commander-in-chief of the emperor's military known as the \"shōgun\", or even retired emperors depending on the time period. In the Malay Annals, the rajas and sultans of the Malay States (today Malaysia, Brunei and Philippines) as well as their predecessors, such as the Indonesian kingdom of Majapahit, also claimed divine right to rule. The sultan is mandated by God and thus is expected to lead his country and people in religious matters, ceremonies as well as prayers. This divine right is called \"Daulat\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "110585", "score": "0.90032756", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Dynasty", "text": "Dynasty A dynasty (, ) is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in elective republics. The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a \"noble house\", which may be styled as \"royal\", \"princely\", \"ducal\", \"comital\", etc., depending upon the chief or present title borne by its members. Historians periodize the histories of many sovereign states, such as Ancient Egypt, the Carolingian Empire and Imperial China, using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term \"dynasty\" may be used to delimit the era", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1675258", "score": "0.8772552", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Political dynasties in the Philippines", "text": "Mancur Olson's theory of political governance or the \"Roving Bandits vs. Stationary Bandits\" theory, dynastic politicians are more likely to pursue long-term development oriented strategies since they expect to hold power and benefit from their position for longer. This is usually set in contrast to non-dynastic politicians who would, under this theory, have less incentive to develop due to their limited term. Political dynasties can gain benefits either directly or indirectly through their relatives. Political dynasties are also responsible for the increase in women's political participation in politics. Female politicians hailing from political dynasties can easily get into politics due", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14593968", "score": "0.8710991", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Principate", "text": "exhausting civil wars by a \"de facto\" dictatorial regime within the constitutional framework of the Roman Republic as a more acceptable alternative to, for example, the early Roman Kingdom. The title itself derived from the position of the \"princeps senatus\", traditionally the oldest member of the Senate who had the right to be heard first on any debate. Although dynastic pretenses crept in from the start, formalizing this in a monarchic style remained politically unthinkable. Often, in a more limited and precise \"chronological\" sense, the term is applied either to the Empire (in the sense of the post-Republican Roman state)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4505481", "score": "0.86678886", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dynastic cycle", "text": "The Mandate of Heaven was the idea that the Emperor was favored by Heaven to rule over China. The Mandate of Heaven explanation was championed by the Chinese philosopher Mencius during the Warring States period.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cult of personality", "text": "some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (auctoritas) of the Roman State. Throughout history, monarchs and other heads of state were often held in enormous reverence and imputed super-human qualities. Through the principle of the divine right of kings, in medieval Europe for example, rulers were said to hold office by the will of God. Ancient Egypt, Imperial Japan, the Inca, the Aztecs, Tibet, Siam (now Thailand), and the Roman Empire are especially noted for redefining monarchs as \"god-kings\". The spread of democratic and secular ideas in Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th centuries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1304847", "score": "0.8667856", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Dynastic order", "text": "Dynastic order A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order, is an order under royal patronage, bestowed by the head of a currently or formerly sovereign royal family as legitimate fons honorum. These are often considered part of the cultural patrimony of the royal family. They are orders of chivalry, and orders of merit just as those distributed by sovereign states, but dynastic orders were often founded or maintained to reward service to a monarch, or the monarch's subsequent dynasty. An example of this difference is seen between the Royal Victorian Order, in which appointments are made as a personal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234492", "score": "0.8643571", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Crown prince", "text": "dynastic son during those years). In some monarchies, those of the Middle East for example, in which primogeniture is not the decisive factor in dynastic succession, a person may not possess the title or status of crown prince by right of birth, but may obtain (and lose) it as a result of an official designation made on some other legal or traditional basis, such as former crown prince Hassan bin Talal of Jordan. Compare heir apparent and heir presumptive. In Scandinavian kingdoms, the heir presumptive to the crown may hold a different title than the heir apparent: hereditary prince (German:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1788672", "score": "0.8629495", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Monarchy", "text": "up in a royal family (called a dynasty when it continues for several generations), future monarchs are often trained for the responsibilities of expected future rule. Different systems of succession have been used, such as proximity of blood, primogeniture, and agnatic seniority (Salic law). While most monarchs have been male, many female monarchs also have reigned in history; the term queen regnant refers to a ruling monarch, while a queen consort refers to the wife of a reigning king. Rule may be hereditary in practice without being considered a monarchy, such as that of family dictatorships or political families in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "252206", "score": "0.8629257", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Dynasty", "text": "genetics, and nepotism may contribute to the phenomenon. Family dictatorships are a different concept in which political power passes within a family because of the overwhelming authority of the leader, rather than informal power accrued to the family. Some political dynasties: Dynasty A dynasty (, ) is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in elective republics. The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a \"noble house\", which may be styled as \"royal\", \"princely\", \"ducal\", \"comital\", etc., depending upon the chief or present", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1675269", "score": "0.858895", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lycia", "text": "509. For closer attention to their conquered, the Persian government preferred to establish a client state, setting up a monarchy under their control. The term \"dynast\" has come into use among English-speaking scholars, but that is not a native term. The Lycian inscriptions indicate the monarch was titled xñtawati, more phonetically khñtawati. The holders of this title can be traced in coin legends, having been given the right to coin. Lycia had a single monarch, who ruled the entire country from a palace at Xanthos. The monarchy was hereditary, hence the term \"dynast.\" It was utilized by Persia as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "587818", "score": "0.8577026", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dynasty", "text": "descendants of a realm's monarchs, and sometimes to include those who hold succession rights through cognatic royal descent. The term can therefore describe overlapping but distinct sets of people. For example, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, a nephew of Queen Elizabeth II through her sister, Princess Margaret, is in the line of succession to the British crown: in that sense he is a British dynast. Yet he is not a male-line member of the royal family, and is therefore not a dynast of the House of Windsor. On the other hand, the German aristocrat Prince Ernst August of Hanover", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1675266", "score": "0.85751647", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Uruk", "text": "form. The recorded chronology of rulers over Uruk includes both mythological and historic figures in five dynasties. As in the rest of Sumer, power moved progressively from the temple to the palace. Rulers from the Early Dynastic period exercised control over Uruk and at times over all Sumer. In myth, kingship was lowered from heaven to Eridu then passed successively through five cities until the deluge which ended the Uruk period. Afterwards, kingship passed to Kish at the beginning of the Early Dynastic period, which corresponds to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in Sumer. In the Early Dynastic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876446", "score": "0.85745174", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)", "text": "men bearing arms. Kings would consult the councils on all major decisions, including whether to go to war. Jacobsen's definition of a democracy as a relationship between primitive monarchs and men of the noble classes has been questioned. Jacobsen conceded that the available evidence could not distinguish a \"Mesopotamian democracy\" from a \"primitive oligarchy\". \"Lugal\" (Sumerian: 𒈗, a Sumerogram ligature of two signs: \"𒃲\" meaning \"big\" or \"great\" and \"𒇽\" meaning \"man\") (a Sumerian language title translated into English as either \"king\" or \"ruler\") was one of three possible titles affixed to a ruler of a Sumerian city-state. The others", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9235743", "score": "0.85475713", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)", "text": "Mesopotamian kings to legitimize their rule. While some of the information in the list can be checked against other texts such as economic documents, much of it is probably purely fictional, and its use as a historical document is limited. There may have been a common or shared cultural identity among the Early Dynastic Sumerian city-states, despite their political fragmentation. This notion was expressed by the terms \"kalam\" or \"ki-engir\". Numerous texts and cylinder seals seem to indicate the existence of a league or amphictyony of Sumerian city-states. For example, clay tablets from Ur bear cylinder seal impressions with signs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9235758", "score": "0.8540186", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mohammed El Senussi", "text": "what has been provided in Article 40, sovereignty shall be vested by the nation in trust with the King Mohammed Idris el Mahdi el Senussi and after him to his male heirs, the oldest after the oldest, degree after degree Article 45 of the 1951 Constitution states: the Throne of the Kingdom is hereditary in accordance with the two Royal Orders promulgated on 22nd of Safar 1374 H., and the 25th of Rabi'e el-Thani 1376 H., respectively. Each of these two Orders regulating the succession to the Throne shall have the same forces as an article of this Constitution. However,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7967880", "score": "0.84976435", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Dynasty", "text": "historical and monarchist references to formerly reigning families, a \"dynast\" is a family member who would have had succession rights, were the monarchy's rules still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his morganatic wife Sophie von Hohenberg, their son Max was bypassed for the Austrian throne because he was not a Habsburg dynast. Even since abolition of the Austrian monarchy, Max and his descendants have not been considered the rightful pretenders by Austrian monarchists, nor have they claimed that position. The term \"dynast\" is sometimes used only to refer to agnatic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1675265", "score": "0.849035", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Order of succession", "text": "Huns or Tamiris of Massagetes in Middle Asia. The lateral monarch is generally elected after the leadership throne becomes vacant. In the early years of the Mongol empire, the death of the ruling monarchs, Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan, immediately stopped the Mongol western campaigns because of the upcoming elections. In East Asia, the Lateral succession system is first recorded in the pre-historical period starting with the late Shang Dynasty's Wai Bing succeeding his brother Da Ding, and then in connection with a conquest by the Zhou of the Yin Shang, when Wu Ding was succeeded by his brother Zu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8742877", "score": "0.84770167", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Dynastic order", "text": "There are many dynastic orders of knighthood, which exist primarily in Europe. Today, dynastic orders include those still bestowed by a reigning monarch, those bestowed by a head of a royal house in exile, and those that have become extinct. Although it is sometimes asserted that the heads of former reigning houses retain the right to their dynastic orders but cannot create new ones, that view is challenged by others who believe that the power to create orders remains with a dynasty forever. In a few cases, formerly reigning families are accused of \"fudging\" the issue by claiming to revive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234500", "score": "0.8449297", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)", "text": "Early Dynastic Period (Egypt) The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt \"c.\" 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the end of the Naqada III archaeological period until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom. With the First Dynasty, the capital moved from Thinis to Memphis with a unified Egypt ruled by an Egyptian god-king. Abydos remained the major holy land in the south. The hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3976750", "score": "0.8415376", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Divine right of kings", "text": "most other countries has been replaced by an inauguration or other declaration. The concept of divine right incorporates, but exaggerates, the ancient Christian concept of \"royal God-given rights\", which teach that \"the right to rule is anointed by God\", although this idea is found in many other cultures, including Aryan and Egyptian traditions. In pagan religions, the king was often seen as a kind of god and so was an unchallengeable despot. The ancient Roman Catholic tradition overcame this idea with the doctrine of the \"Two Swords\" and so achieved, for the very first time, a balanced constitution for states.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "110575", "score": "0.84144443", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Philosophy of history", "text": "and oligarchy and tyranny as corrupted régimes common to the lower ages. In the East, cyclical theories of history developed in China (as a theory of dynastic cycle) and in the Islamic world in the work of Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406). The story of the Fall of Man from the Garden of Eden, as recounted and elaborated in Judaism and Christianity, preserves traces of a moral cycle; this would give the basis for theodicies which attempt to reconcile the existence of evil in the world with the existence of a God, providing a global explanation of history with belief in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1503932", "score": "0.83928895", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Monarchy", "text": "the eldest child of the monarch is first in line to become monarch, is the most common system in hereditary monarchy. The order of succession is usually affected by rules on gender. Historically \"agnatic primogeniture\" or \"patrilineal primogeniture\" was favoured, that is inheritance according to seniority of birth among the sons of a monarch or head of family, with sons and their male issue inheriting before brothers and their issue, and male-line males inheriting before females of the male line. This is the same as semi-Salic primogeniture. Complete exclusion of females from dynastic succession is commonly referred to as application", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "252220", "score": "0.83921057", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Historiography", "text": "none ever reached the popularity and impact of the first four. Traditional Chinese historiography describes history in terms of dynastic cycles. In this view, each new dynasty is founded by a morally righteous founder. Over time, the dynasty becomes morally corrupt and dissolute. Eventually, the dynasty becomes so weak as to allow its replacement by a new dynasty. In 281 CE the tomb of King Xiang of Wei (d. 296 BC) was opened, inside of which was found a historical text called the Bamboo Annals, after the writing material. It is similar in style to the Spring and Autumn Annals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "165880", "score": "0.83864653", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "War of succession", "text": "a universally recognised ruler over a certain territory passes away (sometimes without leaving behind any (legal) offspring), or is declared insane or otherwise incapable to govern, and is deposed. Next, several pretenders step forward, who are either related to the previous ruler and therefore claim to have a right to their possessions based on the hereditary principle, or have concluded a treaty to that effect. They will seek allies within the nobility and/or abroad to support their claims to the throne. After all options for a diplomatic solution –such as a sharing of power, or a financial deal– or a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5539234", "score": "0.83707464", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "Ronnie Dyson" ]

[ { "title": "I Don't Wanna Be Lonely", "text": "leading dance label in the late 1980s. I Don't Wanna Be Lonely \"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\" is the eighteenth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in early 1990 by the labels Dureco/High Fashion Music. It appears on the EP For You, featuring a formation different from the original line-up. After the release of Welcome to My Party, which marked Luv's comeback, the next single taken from the EP For You was \"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\", a cover version of a 1989 club hit by Joan Orleans. The music arrangements of this song were inspired by those of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11212660", "score": "1.2311558", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "I Don't Wanna Be Lonely", "text": "I Don't Wanna Be Lonely \"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\" is the eighteenth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in early 1990 by the labels Dureco/High Fashion Music. It appears on the EP For You, featuring a formation different from the original line-up. After the release of Welcome to My Party, which marked Luv's comeback, the next single taken from the EP For You was \"I Don't Wanna Be Lonely\", a cover version of a 1989 club hit by Joan Orleans. The music arrangements of this song were inspired by those of the hits released by PWL, the British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11212659", "score": "1.224553", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely", "text": "CD maxi-single UK cassette single UK CD maxi-single US promotional CD single US promotional 12\" single Nobody Wants to Be Lonely \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, \"Sound Loaded\", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled \"Sólo Quiero Amarte\" (\"I Only Want to Love You\"). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: \"The Best of Ricky Martin\", \"17\", \"\" and \"\" and the international version of Aguilera's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5783759", "score": "1.1499984", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely", "text": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, \"Sound Loaded\", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled \"Sólo Quiero Amarte\" (\"I Only Want to Love You\"). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: \"The Best of Ricky Martin\", \"17\", \"\" and \"\" and the international version of Aguilera's greatest hits album, \"\". Two music videos were directed by Wayne Isham in Coral Gables, Florida", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5783754", "score": "1.1216198", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely", "text": "Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely \"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\" is a song by Hüsker Dü from their album \"Candy Apple Grey\". The song was written by Grant Hart. It was released both as an EP in the United States and as a single in the United Kingdom in March 1986. Hüsker Dü filmed a promotional video for the song, which garnered the band some play on MTV. The song is featured in the 2009 comedy-drama movie, \"Adventureland\". Side One Side Two \"Helter Skelter\" was recorded live on January 30, 1985 at First Avenue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9476310", "score": "1.1200732", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely", "text": "Miami specifically in Biltmore Hotel Grounds to before Christmas in late December 2000, aired on January 15, 2001. One music video is set to the English-language duet 'Nobody Wants to Be Lonely', while the other is set to the Spanish-language solo 'Sólo Quiero Amarte'. The video to 'Nobody Wants to Be Lonely' features Christina Aguilera while 'Sólo Quiero Amarte' shows her in a cameo appearance. \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" is one of the first major single releases to not have a commercial CD single in the United States. Although songs had been allowed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5783755", "score": "1.115126", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Mark Mueller", "text": "the Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 Chart hit in 1996. It also spent 8 weeks in the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #78. Mueller's first Billboard chart hit was \"I Don't Want To Be Lonely,\" performed by Dana Valery. It reached #23 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and spent 13 weeks on that chart and 5 weeks on the magazine's Hot 100. Mueller’s work in the U.S. has been featured on RIAA-certified platinum and gold records by artists including: Heart (band), Amy Grant, 'N Sync featuring Justin Timberlake, Lea Michele (on the Soundtrack), Jennifer Paige, Earth, Wind & Fire, SWV,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12000787", "score": "1.1146877", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely", "text": "in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Side One Side Two On Record Store Day, 2011, Warner Bros. Records released an exclusive limited edition print of a \"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\" split single. The split single features the original version of \"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\" performed by Hüsker Dü on one side, and a cover version by the band Green Day on the other. Side A Side B \"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\" has been covered by several different artists, including Green Day, who recorded it for an MTV show titled \"Influences\". The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9476311", "score": "1.1080648", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "I Want to Be Wanted", "text": "Andy Williams released a version as the B-side to his single \"Stranger on the Shore\". The song was covered by Olivia Newton-John on her 1992 album . I Want to Be Wanted \"I Want to Be Wanted\" is a popular song sung by Brenda Lee that was a number-one song in the United States during the year 1960. It topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart for the issue dated October 24, 1960, and remained there for one week. It is an Italian song, \"Per tutta la vita\" (\"For all lifetime\"), that was in the original version of \"Never on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11774254", "score": "1.1076611", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Just Don't Want to Be Lonely", "text": "\"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\" is a song written by Bobby Eli, John Freeman and Vinnie Barrett, originally recorded in 1973 by Ronnie Dyson and popularized internationally by The Main Ingredient. Dyson's version reached No. 60 in the US Pop chart, No. 30 Adult Contemporary, and No. 29 in the US R&B chart. Its flipside was \"Point of No Return,\" a song written by Tom Bell & Linda Creed.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely", "text": "Kingdom, number 5 in Norway and number six in Australia, among others. It was also certified Gold in Australia, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. The song was nominated at the 44th Grammy Awards in the category of Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, but lost out to \"Lady Marmalade\" by Christina Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mýa and Pink. \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" won an ALMA Award for the Outstanding Music Video. Argentinian promotional CD single Australian CD maxi-single European CD single / US 7\" single European CD maxi-single #1 European CD maxi-single #2 / Asian CD maxi-single' European 12\" single Japanese", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5783758", "score": "1.1044486", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Lonely No More", "text": "words are only words. She needs to show him something else, or even swear allegiance to reassure his insecurities. To explain exactly how hurt he has been in previous relationships, Thomas belts, \"I don't wanna be lonely no more/I don't wanna have to pay for this/I don't want to know the lover at my door/Is just another heartache on my list\". The song was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 2006 Grammys. In March 2014, British group Rixton copied portions of the melody for their single \"Me and My Broken Heart\". The music video of \"Lonely No", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5827992", "score": "1.0940135", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "I Don't Want to Be Your Friend", "text": "single by Filipino singer Nina, and also recorded by Dutch female singer Do in her eponymous debut album. \"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" was covered by Filipino singer Nina as a single from Diane Warren's 2004 love songs compilation, \"Diane Warren Presents Love Songs\". The song was produced by Neil C. Gregorio, and published by Warner Music Philippines. It was included as a bonus track on Nina's best-selling 2005 album \"Nina Live!\", and has since been considered as a single from that album. It later appeared on her 2008 album, \"Nina Sings the Hits of Diane Warren\". The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12817496", "score": "1.0726056", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Learn to Be Lonely", "text": "song during her appearance on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\". Learn to Be Lonely \"Learn to Be Lonely\" is a song written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Charles Hart for the 2004 film adaptation of \"The Phantom of the Opera\". The song is performed by Minnie Driver during the closing credits, and is found on the film's soundtrack. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 77th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe at the 62nd Golden Globe Awards in 2004. Another song using the melody of \"Learn to be Lonely\" entitled \"No One Would Listen\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11183508", "score": "1.070105", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "I Don't Want to Be Your Friend", "text": "I Don't Want to Be Your Friend \"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" is a pop/R&B song written and composed by Diane Warren. It was first recorded by singer Cyndi Lauper for her 1989 album \"A Night To Remember\". The song was meant to be the second commercial single released in the U.S. from that album, but after the second radio single \"A Night to Remember\" failed to chart highly, the label scrapped the idea. Famed songwriter Desmond Child also recorded a version for his only album \"Discipline\" (1991). \"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" was eventually a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12817495", "score": "1.0659585", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely", "text": "100 without single releases since late 1998, (and one song, Aaliyah's \"Try Again\" had actually hit number one, followed by \"Lady Marmalade\", which also featured Aguilera) most major single releases by major artists still released singles at the time, especially high-profile songs such as this. With this single being toted as one of the most high-profile duets that year, the music community was then understandably shocked when it was announced that no CD or CD maxi-single would be released for the song. \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" makes the biggest jump on Hot 100 (66-34) and is the Greatest Gainer/Airplay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5783756", "score": "1.055428", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Nina Sings the Hits of Diane Warren", "text": "Nina cut \"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\", one of my favorite songs. I am very happy that she is now coming out with an entire album filled with the songs that I'm proud of. Hopefully, this is just the beginning of a lot of hits together,\" can be found on the album's sleeve. In selecting the songs, Warner and Nina wanted to include hits that are familiar to the Filipino listeners, and some of her favorites as well. They thought that people can relate more to the song, if they are familiar with it. For the arrangement, she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12381975", "score": "1.0510312", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "I Don't Want to Be Your Friend", "text": "everyone. Clue: It's one song where she didn't have to shout and be a vocal Chinese acrobat.\" A music video accompanied the release of the song. The video was directed by Chi de Jesus. It was shot at a beach called Puerto del Sol in Pangasinan. The video features the sexy side of Nina, wearing bikini and portraying a model with a complicated relationship with the shoot photographer. \"Titik Pilpino\" stated \"Those who saw Nina's sexy video for 'I Don't Want to Be Your Friend' may be a bit shocked at the songstress' transformation, but Nina's clearly not afraid to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12817500", "score": "1.0486057", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Don't Let Me Be Lonely", "text": "at number 68 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart for the week of November 23, 2013. The song has sold 251,000 copies in the US as of January 2014. Don't Let Me Be Lonely \"Don't Let Me Be Lonely\" is a song recorded by American country music group The Band Perry. It was released in August 2013 as the third single from their second album, \"Pioneer\". The song was written by Sarah Buxton, Rodney Clawson and Chris Tompkins. Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" gave the song four and a half stars out of five, writing that \"the latest track", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17542521", "score": "1.0456398", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely", "text": "UK band Catherine Wheel recorded a version of the song on their 1992 \"30th Century Man\" EP. The Swedish rockband Fireside has also recorded a version of the song on the \"Hello kids\" album. In 2013, Il Cattivo, a Denver-based heavy rock band released a guitar dueling rendition on their second record How To Assess Your Damages. The song was also covered by Australian musician Paul Dempsey. Another notable cover version has been made by the German-based band The Richies in 1993. Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely \"Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely\" is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9476312", "score": "1.0440073", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight", "text": "that theme were usually performed by female artists. The song has been recorded by the following artists: \"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\" has also been performed live by artists including George Benson Pat Metheny and Earth Wind and Fire. Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight \"Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter James Taylor, from his 1972 album \"One Man Dog\". It was released as the lead single from the album, and peaked at #14 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on January 13, 1973. It also reached #3 Easy Listening.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17532115", "score": "1.0368214", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "I Don't Want to Be", "text": "I Don't Want to Be \"I Don't Want to Be\" is a song by Gavin DeGraw appearing on his 2003 debut album, \"Chariot\". It was released as a single in Australia in 2003, and in the UK in 2004. The single became DeGraw's biggest hit to date, mainly due to the premiere of \"One Tree Hill\", of which the song is the opening theme; peaking at number ten in the U.S. in January 2005. The song was certified 2x Platinum, having sold over 2,000,000 paid downloads. It is also DeGraw's only single to break the UK Top 40. On May", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8087885", "score": "1.0315468", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "I Don't Want to Be Your Friend", "text": "Rachelle Ann Go's \"Love of My Life\". On January 15, 2007, the song was released to digital download via iTunes and Amazon.com. \"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend\" was initially released by Nina in November 2004 under Warner Music for the promotion of Diane Warren's compilation \"Diane Warren Presents Love Songs\". The song was released together with her rendition of \"The Christmas Song\" for the label's \"All Star Christmas Collection\" album, and became very popular in the Philippines. The song has since been considered as a \"Nina Live!\" single after it was included in the album's track list. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12817498", "score": "1.0308847", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "I Don't Want to Be", "text": "27, 2012 the song re-entered UK charts reaching number 27, due to the finale of \"One Tree Hill\"'s 9th and final season airing, which featured DeGraw. I Don't Want to Be \"I Don't Want to Be\" is a song by Gavin DeGraw appearing on his 2003 debut album, \"Chariot\". It was released as a single in Australia in 2003, and in the UK in 2004. The single became DeGraw's biggest hit to date, mainly due to the premiere of \"One Tree Hill\", of which the song is the opening theme; peaking at number ten in the U.S. in January 2005.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8087886", "score": "1.0299666", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Learn to Be Lonely", "text": "Learn to Be Lonely \"Learn to Be Lonely\" is a song written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Charles Hart for the 2004 film adaptation of \"The Phantom of the Opera\". The song is performed by Minnie Driver during the closing credits, and is found on the film's soundtrack. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 77th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe at the 62nd Golden Globe Awards in 2004. Another song using the melody of \"Learn to be Lonely\" entitled \"No One Would Listen\" (also with lyrics by Hart) was originally included in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11183506", "score": "1.0299191", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "I Don't Wanna Play House", "text": "doesn't want to play house since, after observing her parents' troubles, she knows that it cannot be fun. Connie Francis released a cover version of the song in August 1968. It peaked at # 40 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary Charts. Skeeter Davis covered the song on her 1968 album \"Why So Lonely\". Lynn Anderson (then the wife of the song's co-writer, Sutton) covered the song in 1970 on her album Rose Garden. Loretta Lynn covered the song on her 1968 album, Fist City. In 1973, South African singer Barbara Ray recorded a version that was a number-one hit in her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13977194", "score": "1.0295342", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Candy Apple Grey", "text": "is still evident, \"Candy Apple Grey\" also features more introverted, toned-down material, including a relatively large amount of acoustic guitar. The singles released from this album were \"Sorry Somehow\" and \"Don't Want To Know If You Are Lonely\", both written and sung by Hart. The latter was accompanied by a promotional video which earned airtime on MTV. \"Candy Apple Grey\" was the first Hüsker Dü album to chart on the \"Billboard Top 200\", but despite receiving exposure on radio as well as MTV, it got no higher than #140. Candy Apple Grey was officially re-released on Record Store Day (April", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4858097", "score": "1.0286686", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Lonely (Christina Perri song)", "text": "herself and becoming someone she no longer recognizes: \"I’m the ghost of a girl / That I want to be most / I’m the shell of a girl / That I used to know well.\" \"The Lonely\" garnered mixed review by critics, most of whom favored the chilling tone set in the song and compared the song to Perri's lead single \"Jar of Hearts\". Bill Lamb of \"About.com\" included the song in a list of the \"Top 10 New Pop Songs\", \"The Lonely\" coming in at number five. Lamb complimented the song, describing it as \"another beautiful ballad\". Naming the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15539601", "score": "1.0264341", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ronnie Dyson", "text": "\"One Man Band (Plays All Alone)\", which reached number 28 on the Hot 100 and number 15 on the R&B chart, and \"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\" peaking at number 60 on the Hot 100 and number 29 on the R&B chart. These appeared on an album which was also made up of re-mixes of some earlier recordings, including \"When You Get Right Down To It\". Dyson remained with Columbia working with top-line producers for another three albums, \"The More You Do It\" (1976), \"Love in All Flavors\" (1977) and \"If The Shoe Fits\" (1979). The title track of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11331347", "score": "1.0257735", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "I Want to Be Wanted", "text": "I Want to Be Wanted \"I Want to Be Wanted\" is a popular song sung by Brenda Lee that was a number-one song in the United States during the year 1960. It topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart for the issue dated October 24, 1960, and remained there for one week. It is an Italian song, \"Per tutta la vita\" (\"For all lifetime\"), that was in the original version of \"Never on Sunday\". This was Brenda Lee's second number-one single, her first being \"I'm Sorry\". The English lyrics of \"I Want to Be Wanted\" were written by Kim Gannon.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11774253", "score": "1.0247691", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Glynis Johns", "the actress Glynis Johns" ]

[ { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "second DCI World Championship. Originally arranged by Gail Royer, the song is still played by the brass on special occasions. Send In the Clowns \"Send In the Clowns\" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical \"A Little Night Music\", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film \"Smiles of a Summer Night\". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401177", "score": "1.3741004", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "single. Two years later Judy Collins recorded \"Send in the Clowns\" for her album \"Judith\". The song was released as a single, which soon became a major pop hit. It remained on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for 11 weeks in 1975, reaching Number 36. In 1977 the song again reached the Billboard Hot 100, where it remained for 16 weeks and reached Number 19. At the Grammy Awards of 1976, the Judy Collins performance of the song was named Song of the Year. After Sinatra and Collins recorded the song, it was recorded by Bing Crosby, Kenny Rogers, and Lou", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401175", "score": "1.3639772", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "I Only Have Eyes for You (Johnny Mathis album)", "text": "UK singles chart. \"Send in the Clowns\" originated in the 1973 Broadway musical \"A Little Night Music\" and won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. The hit version of the song by Judy Collins first peaked at number 36 pop, number eight Easy Listening, and number six in the UK upon its initial release in 1975, and the reissue of her recording in 1977 that coincided with the release of the film version of the musical in the US made it to number 19 pop and number 15 Easy Listening. \"Every Time You Touch Me (I Get High)\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17345246", "score": "1.3214006", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "Send In the Clowns \"Send In the Clowns\" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical \"A Little Night Music\", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film \"Smiles of a Summer Night\". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage proposals she had rejected. Meeting him after so long, she realizes she is in love with him and finally ready", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401161", "score": "1.3010006", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Judy Collins", "text": "New York City. Collins has received four Grammy Award nominations for Best Folk Performance or Folk Recording, one for Best Folk Album and one for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Stephen Sondheim won the 1976 Grammy Award for Song of the Year based on the popularity of Collins' performance of \"Send In The Clowns\" on her album \"Judith\". (The song was named \"Song of the Year\".) Other awards Judy Collins Judith Marjorie Collins (born May 1, 1939) is an American singer and songwriter known for her eclectic tastes in the material she records (which has included folk music, show tunes,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1452793", "score": "1.2787971", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "what I want. Sorry, my dear,\" the performer must communicate the connection between the \"want\" and the \"sorry\". Similarly, Sondheim insists that performers separately enunciate the adjacent \"t\"'s in the line, \"There ought to be clowns.\" The musical and the song debuted on Broadway in 1973. The song became popular with theater audiences but had not become a pop hit. Sondheim explained how the song became a hit: Frank Sinatra recorded \"Send in the Clowns\" in 1973 for his album \"Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back\", which attained gold status. Gordon Jenkins arranged the song. It was also released as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401174", "score": "1.2656003", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "Rawls. In 1985, Sondheim added a verse for Barbra Streisand to use in her concert performances and recording, which was included on \"The Broadway Album\". In 1986, her version reached No.25 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary chart. The song has become a jazz standard with performances by Count Basie, Sarah Vaughan, the Stan Kenton Orchestra and many others. The song appears on over 900 records by hundreds of performers in a variety of arrangements. The drum corps Santa Clara Vanguard performed an arrangement of this song as part of their musical program in 1974, when the corps won its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401176", "score": "1.2597381", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "and uses a complex compound meter. It became Sondheim's most popular song after Frank Sinatra recorded it in 1973 and Judy Collins' version charted in 1975 and 1977. Subsequently, numerous other artists recorded the song, and it has become a jazz standard. The \"clowns\" in the title do not refer to circus clowns. Instead, they symbolize fools, as Sondheim explained in a 1990 interview: In a 2008 interview, Sondheim further clarified: Judi Dench, who performed the role of Desirée in London, commented on the context of the song during an interview with Alan Titchmarsh. The play is \"a dark play", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401163", "score": "1.2533619", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "four verses and a bridge and sung by Desirée. As Sondheim explains, Desirée experiences both deep regret and furious anger: The song was originally performed in the key of D flat major. The song uses an unusual and complex meter, which alternates between 12/8 and 9/8. These are two complex compound meters that evoke the sense of a waltz used throughout the score of the show. Sondheim tells the story: \"Send in the Clowns\" is performed in two completely different styles: dramatic and lyric. The dramatic style is the theatrical performance by Desirée, and this style emphasizes Desirée's feelings of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401170", "score": "1.2436045", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "Sondheim wrote the song specifically for the actress Glynis Johns, who created the role of Desirée on Broadway. The song is structured with four verses and a bridge, and uses a complex compound meter. It became Sondheim's most popular song after Frank Sinatra recorded it in 1973 and Judy Collins' version charted in 1975 and 1977. Subsequently, numerous other artists recorded the song, and it has become a jazz standard.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky", "text": "Sondheim's \"Send in the Clowns\". The band failed to get permission or to pay the appropriate licensing and royalty fees to use the song. Initial pressings of \"U2 Live at Red Rocks\", and the accompanying live album—which contains a different performance of the song from August 1983—featured \"Send in the Clowns\". U2 were forced to pay in an out-of-court settlement. The initial release of the video was 55 minutes long and featured 13 songs from the film, including \"Cry / The Electric Co.\", which was omitted from the track listing for legal reasons related to the excerpt of \"Send in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12655853", "score": "1.2075975", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sarah Vaughan", "text": "and moving it to alter her volume. She frequently used the song \"Send in the Clowns\" to demonstrate her vocal abilities in live performance. The performance was called \"three-octave tour de force of semi-improvisational pyrotechnics in which the jazz, pop and operatic sides of her musical personality came together and found complete expression\" by \"The New York Times\". Singers influenced by Vaughan include Phoebe Snow, Anita Baker, Sade, and Rickie Lee Jones. Singers Carmen McRae and Dianne Reeves both recorded tribute albums to Vaughan following her death; \"\" (1991) and \"\" (2001) respectively. Though usually considered a jazz singer, Vaughan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1439498", "score": "1.2018707", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cor anglais", "text": "Streisand's) versions of \"Send in the Clowns\". The cor anglais is also featured in the Lionel Richie and Diana Ross version of \"Endless Love\", and in Elton John's \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" and \"Candle in the Wind 1997\". The song \"A Mutual Friend\" by the band Wire from the album \"154\" uses a cor anglais. A cor anglais carries the opening of \"Fiddler on the Roof\"s \"Sabbath Prayer\". In Britain, Tony Hatch's theme tune to the long-running soap opera \"Emmerdale Farm\" was originally performed on the cor anglais, as was also the version of Harry South's theme tune", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "891515", "score": "1.2013974", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Judy Collins", "text": "for Best Folk Performance. She enjoyed further success with her recordings of \"Someday Soon\", \"Chelsea Morning\", \"Amazing Grace\", and \"Cook with Honey\". Collins experienced the biggest success of her career with her recording of Stephen Sondheim's \"Send in the Clowns\" from her best-selling 1975 album \"Judith\". The single charted on the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart in 1975 and then again in 1977, spending 27 non-consecutive weeks on the chart and earning Collins a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female, as well as a Grammy Award for Sondheim for Song of the Year. Collins was born the eldest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1452775", "score": "1.1895268", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Electric Co.", "text": "occasional performances played after the show opener \"The Miracle (Of Joey Ramone)\", again with \"Send in the Clowns\" and \"I Can See for Miles\" regularly snippeted. \"The Electric Co.\" has appeared in 3 video releases and 3 live album releases beginning with \"Under a Blood Red Sky\", \"\", \"Live from Boston 1981\", \"\" and \"Live from Paris\". In \"Under a Blood Red Sky\", Bono sings a snippet of \"Send in the Clowns\" by Stephen Sondheim lasting 27 seconds. U2 didn't get permission to sing this song, causing them to pay US $50,000. The original release (along with other releases) contains", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7420751", "score": "1.1814171", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Judy Collins", "text": "out for her own compositions. She was also known for her broad range of material: her songs from this period include the traditional Christian hymn \"Amazing Grace\", the Stephen Sondheim Broadway ballad \"Send in the Clowns\" (both of which were top 20 hits as singles), a recording of Joan Baez's \"A Song for David\", and her own compositions, such as \"Born to the Breed\". Collins guest starred on \"The Muppet Show\" in an episode broadcast in January 1978, singing \"Leather-Winged Bat\", \"I Know An Old Lady who Swallowed a Fly\", \"Do Re Mi\", and \"Send in the Clowns\". She also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1452783", "score": "1.1765974", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Send In the Clowns", "text": "at herself, her life and her choices – sings \"Send in the Clowns\". She is, in effect, using the song \"to cover over a moment when something has gone wrong on stage. Midway through the second Act she has deviated from her usual script by suggesting to Fredrik the possibility of being together seriously and permanently, and, having been rejected, she falters \"as\" a show-person, finds herself bereft of the capacity to improvise and wittily cover. If Desirée could perform at this moment – revert to the innuendos, one-liners and blithe self-referential humour that constitutes her normal character – all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401167", "score": "1.1733898", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Sarah Vaughan", "text": "Legrand with lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The songs brought some of the musicians to tears during the sessions. But Shad wanted a hit, and the album yielded none. She sang a version of the pop hit \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" by the Carpenters for \"Feelin' Good\". This was followed by \"Live in Japan\", her first live album since 1963. \"Sarah Vaughan and the Jimmy Rowles Quintet\" (1974) was more experimental, containing free improvisation and some unconventional scatting. \"Send in the Clowns\" was another attempt to increase sales by breaking into the pop music market. Vaughan disliked the songs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1439480", "score": "1.1599382", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Catherine Zeta-Jones", "text": "shows where you can dig about three inches and come out the other end. You can keep digging and digging and digging\". She did not listen to past recordings of the songs in the play so she could bring her own interpretation to them. The critic Claire Prentice of \"The Daily Telegraph\" wrote that Zeta-Jones brought in a \"quiet, reflective poignancy\" in her rendition of the song \"Send in the Clowns\", but Emma Brocks of \"The Guardian\" was more critical, remarking that \"with her pretty voice, head wresting this way and that, [she] seems to be auditioning for stage school\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1334650", "score": "1.1477554", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sinatra: World On a String", "text": "\"Send in the Clowns\" with \"sparse, sublime accompaniment\" from the guitarist Tony Mottola. In their review of the set, \"Broadway World\" commented that \"Listening to the nearly 30-year span of performances, it's remarkable to realize how the passage of time never diminished Sinatra's way with a song; if anything, it deepened his understanding of his material. Comparing renditions of \"Bewitched\" from 1958 and 1979 reveals a more pronounced resonance in Sinatra's delivery\". Sinatra: World On a String Sinatra: World On a String is a 2016 box set album of live performances by the American singer Frank Sinatra, recorded in Italy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19794820", "score": "1.1416605", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Cathy's Clown", "text": "for her album \"Sweet Sixteen\". In 1989, McEntire's version became her thirteenth number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. Unlike the original, McEntire sang the song in the third person, thus making the narrator another woman observing the story. The video accompanying her version of the song was produced in an Old West setting. Bruce Boxleitner appears in the video as the clown. The song was covered by Bill and Boyd in New Zealand; their version reached number 1 on the Lever Hit Parades chart in that country in July 1960. Another cover, by the English singer Dick", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9347142", "score": "1.1277643", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Huey \"Piano\" Smith", "text": "of which, recorded by the New Zealand artist Dinah Lee, reached number 1 in both New Zealand and Australia in 1964). The Clowns' most famous single, released in 1958, was \"Don't You Just Know It\" backed with \"High Blood Pressure.\" This hit number 9 on the Billboard Pop chart and number 4 on the Rhythm and Blues chart. It was their second million seller. In 1959, Ace Records erased Smith's vocal track from \"Sea Cruise\", the now-classic single Smith had composed, arranged and performed, and replaced it with a vocal track by the white singer Frankie Ford. The song was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7007776", "score": "1.1234953", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Sarah Vaughan", "text": "and hated the album cover depicting a clown with an afro. She filed a lawsuit against Shad in 1975 on the belief that the cover was inconsistent with the formal, sophisticated image she projected on stage. She also contended that the album \"Sarah Vaughan: Live at the Holiday Inn Lesotho\" had an incorrect title and that Shad had been harming her career. Although she disliked the album, she liked the song \"Send in the Clowns\" written by Steven Sondheim for the musical \"A Little Night Music\". She learned it on piano, made many changes with the help of pianist Carl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1439481", "score": "1.1203272", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Be a Clown", "text": "the film \"Singin' in the Rain\" appears to be very similar to \"Be a Clown,\" although Cole Porter did not make a complaint. Both films were Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer productions and starred Kelly, who appeared in (but did not sing) the \"Make 'Em Laugh\" segment of the latter film in which the song was performed by Donald O'Connor. Be a Clown \"Be a Clown\" is a song written by Cole Porter for the 1948 film \"The Pirate\". The song was performed twice in the film: first by Gene Kelly and The Nicholas Brothers and then at the end of the film by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5223477", "score": "1.1087941", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Krusty Gets Kancelled", "text": "animation, director David Silverman xeroxed several drawings and made the animation very jerky. The scene where Krusty sings \"Send in the Clowns\" was very tricky for the animators because it involves two shots of the same scene from different angles. Parts of the scene were animated by Brad Bird. Frank Sinatra's 1973 rendition of the song \"Send in the Clowns\" from \"Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back\" is parodied in the episode, and Krusty sings the altered lyrics: \"Send in those soulful and doleful, schmaltz-by-the-bowlful clowns\" in a musical number of his comeback special. Gabbo's name comes from the 1929 film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4518665", "score": "1.1050032", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Electric Co.", "text": "the snippet, but others contained an edited version of the song. In \"U2 Live at Red Rocks\", \"Cry/The Electric Co.\" was not in the original release of the film because Bono repeats singing the snippet of \"Send in the Clowns\" without permission. Bono also climbs a lighting rig while holding a white flag, during a part in the song, which became the cover of both the album and the film. The 2008 remastered edition contains an edited version of the song. Six days prior to the Red Rocks performance, 23-year-old Bono scaled a 50-foot lighting rig holding a white flag", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7420752", "score": "1.1014273", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Madonna: Tears of a Clown", "text": "the show started later at midnight. The show started with Madonna appearing onstage, in a clown's costume consisting of a billowing dress, pink and yellow stalkings, riding a tricycle and circled round it. She finally reached the front of the stage and fell down from the cycle. After conversing with the audience and throwing candy at them. Madonna started singing Stephen Sondheim's \"Send in the Clowns\", written originally for the 1973 musical, \"A Little Night Music\", with images from Charlie Chaplin films displayed on the backdrop. She continued with \"Drowned World/Substitute for Love\" while standing in the center. Three songs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19387658", "score": "1.0979087", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Be a Clown", "text": "Be a Clown \"Be a Clown\" is a song written by Cole Porter for the 1948 film \"The Pirate\". The song was performed twice in the film: first by Gene Kelly and The Nicholas Brothers and then at the end of the film by Kelly and Judy Garland. It was also sung in \"Mickey's Fun Songs: Let's Go To The Circus\" although some of the lyrics were changed. The song was featured in an episode of \"Land of the Giants\" and also in the 2004 film \"De-Lovely\". The song \"Make 'Em Laugh\" (by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed) in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5223476", "score": "1.0951166", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ira Black (musician)", "text": "in the US and EUROPE. Recorded \"Send in the Clowns\" for Carrot Top's Stage Show at the Luxor in Las Vegas with singer Paul Shortino, Tyler Burgess and drummer Vinnie Paul Abbott with Tom Parham. Lizzy Borden. Metal Blade Records. Co-wrote CD “Appointment with Death” in 2007. Toured with Metal Church and also with Chris Caffery. Black played in the heavy metal band Vicious Rumors. Ira Black (musician) Ira Black (born March 23, 1971) is an American heavy metal guitarist and songwriter. Black has played in over 60 bands since the early 1980s and is best known for his work", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17551753", "score": "1.0951045", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "See the Funny Little Clown", "text": "Little Clown\" in 1974, with her version reaching No. 80 on Billboard's Hot Country chart. See the Funny Little Clown \"See the Funny Little Clown\" is a song written and sung by Bobby Goldsboro, which he recorded on October 17, 1963 and released on November 18, 1963. In 1964, the song spent 13 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 9, while reaching No. 3 on Billboard's Middle-Road Singles chart, No. 10 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100, and No. 30 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade. The song was ranked No. 90 on the \"Cash Box\" \"Top", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18928923", "score": "1.0934792", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "William Randolph Hearst" ]

[ { "title": "Citizen Kane", "text": "of two business tycoons familiar from his youth in Chicago—Samuel Insull and Harold Fowler McCormick. The character of Jedediah Leland was based on drama critic Ashton Stevens, George Stevens's uncle and Welles's close boyhood friend. Some detail came from Mankiewicz's own experience as a drama critic in New York. The assumption that the character of Susan Alexander Kane was based on Marion Davies was a major reason Hearst tried to destroy \"Citizen Kane\". Welles denied that the character was based on Davies, whom he called \"an extraordinary woman—nothing like the character Dorothy Comingore played in the movie.\" He cited Insull's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "62186", "score": "1.2116094", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Dorothy Comingore", "text": "Dorothy Comingore Mary Louise Comingore (August 24, 1913 – December 30, 1971), best known professionally as Dorothy Comingore, was an American film actress. She is best known for starring as Susan Alexander Kane in \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), the critically acclaimed debut film of Orson Welles. In earlier films she was credited as Linda Winters, and she had appeared on the stage as Kay Winters. Her career ended when she was caught up in the Hollywood blacklist. She declined to answer questions when she was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1952. Margaret Louise Comingore was born in Los", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7383862", "score": "1.202312", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jules Brulatour", "text": "in 1939, in which Brulatour was wounded by a would-be assassin whom he refused to identify. And in 1941, he was chagrined to learn that the boozy flop of an opera singer in \"Citizen Kane,\" the hit RKO film directed by and starring Orson Welles, was partly based on Hope and his ex-wife Dorothy. Jules Brulatour Pierre Ernest Jules Brulatour (April 7, 1870 – October 26, 1946) was a pioneering executive figure in American silent cinema. Beginning as American distribution representative for Lumiere Brothers raw film stock in 1907, he joined producer Carl Laemmle in forming the Motion Picture Distributing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6812119", "score": "1.1771259", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "William Randolph Hearst", "text": "in the world today...a giant with feet of clay.\" \"Citizen Kane\" is loosely based on Hearst's life. Welles and co-writer Herman J. Mankiewicz created Kane as a composite character of multiple men, among them Harold McCormick, Samuel Insull and Howard Hughes. Hearst, enraged at the idea of \"Citizen Kane\" being a thinly disguised and very unflattering portrait of him, used his massive influence and resources in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent the film from being released-—all without his ever even having seen it. Welles and the studio RKO Pictures resisted the pressure, but Hearst and his Hollywood friends ultimately succeeded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "463474", "score": "1.1441796", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Citizen Kane", "text": "Kane. A discovery of Charlie Chaplin, Comingore was recommended to Welles by Chaplin, who then met Comingore at a party in Los Angeles and immediately cast her. Welles had met stage actress Ruth Warrick while visiting New York on a break from Hollywood and remembered her as a good fit for Emily Norton Kane, later saying that she looked the part. Warrick told Carringer that she was struck by the extraordinary resemblance between herself and Welles's mother when she saw a photograph of Beatrice Ives Welles. She characterized her own personal relationship with Welles as motherly. \"He trained us for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "62192", "score": "1.137357", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Sources for Citizen Kane", "text": "on drama critic Ashton Stevens, George Stevens's uncle and his own close boyhood friend. Regarded as the dean of American drama critics, Stevens began his journalism career in 1894 in San Francisco and started working for the Hearst newspapers three years later. In 1910 he moved to Chicago, where he covered the theater for 40 years and became a close friend of Dr. Maurice Bernstein, Welles's guardian. When Welles was a child Stevens used to tell him stories about Hearst, much like Leland tells Thompson about Kane in the film. Welles said that he learned most of what he knew", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981977", "score": "1.135275", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Citizen Kane", "text": "actor Jack Carter. \"Citizen Kane\" was a rare film in that its principal roles were played by actors new to motion pictures. Ten were billed as Mercury Actors, members of the skilled repertory company assembled by Welles for the stage and radio performances of the Mercury Theatre, an independent theater company he founded with Houseman in 1937. \"He loved to use the Mercury players,\" wrote biographer Charles Higham, \"and consequently he launched several of them on movie careers.\" The film represents the feature film debuts of William Alland, Ray Collins, Joseph Cotten, Agnes Moorehead, Erskine Sanford, Everett Sloane, Paul Stewart,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "62190", "score": "1.1343312", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Beatrice Welles", "text": "\"The Lady From Shanghai\" at the Prescott Film Festival in Arizona in July 2016. She was a guest speaker that same month at the Traverse City Film Festival in Michigan, hosting a showing of \"Citizen Kane\" with filmmaker Michael Moore and \"Chimes at Midnight\" with Philip Hallman of the University of Michigan. She and director Peter Bogdanovich took part in an American Film Institute Master Class after a 75th anniversary screening of \"Citizen Kane\" at the Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood on November 2016. In spring 2017, the University of Michigan Special Collections Library in Ann Arbor acquired dozens of unpublished", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19354796", "score": "1.1212083", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ashton Stevens", "text": "a number of plays, including \"Prospect Avenue\" and, with Franklin D. Roosevelt's ghostwriter Charles Michaelson, a comedy titled \"Mary's Way Out\". One of Stevens's close friends in Chicago was Dr. Maurice Bernstein, guardian of Orson Welles. Welles told filmmaker Peter Bogdanovich that the character of Jedediah Leland, played by Joseph Cotten in his 1941 film \"Citizen Kane\", was modeled on Ashton Stevens: Jed was really based on a close childhood friend of mine — George Stevens' uncle Ashton Stevens. He was practically my uncle, too. … I sent him the script before we began, of course, and while he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3359860", "score": "1.1165168", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Citizen Kane", "text": "The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick, and aspects of Welles's own life. Upon its release, Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dorothy Comingore", "text": "had with Chaplin and one of his assistants. Comingore played bit parts in Hollywood movies until Orson Welles cast her as Susan Alexander, the second wife of press tycoon Charles Foster Kane, in his debut feature film \"Citizen Kane\" (1941). Her performance garnered rave reviews: “(She) is put through a range of emotions that would try any actress one could name,” wrote \"The Hollywood Reporter\". Comingore's supposed Communist connections played a role in a legal battle for custody of her two children with Richard J. Collins. She also said that her 1953 arrest on a prostitution charge was \"all a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7383864", "score": "1.1157116", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Citizen Kane", "text": "later said that casting character actor Gino Corrado in the small part of the waiter at the El Rancho broke his heart. Corrado had appeared in many Hollywood films, often as a waiter, and Welles wanted all of the actors to be new to films. Other uncredited roles went to Thomas A. Curran as Teddy Roosevelt in the faux newsreel; Richard Baer as Hillman, a man at Madison Square Garden, and a man in the \"News on the March\" screening room; and Alan Ladd, Arthur O'Connell and Louise Currie as reporters at Xanadu. When Kathryn Trosper Popper died on March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "62194", "score": "1.0985637", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Citizen Kane", "text": "Citizen Kane Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star. The picture was Welles's first feature film. Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest film ever made, \"Citizen Kane\" was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute \"Sight & Sound\" polls of critics, and it topped the American Film Institute's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "62161", "score": "1.0961144", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Sources for Citizen Kane", "text": "about the life of Hearst from Stevens. Welles sent Stevens an advance copy of the \"Citizen Kane\" script, and took him to the set during filming. \"Later he saw the movie and thought the old man would be thrilled by it,\" said Welles. \"Ashton was really one of the great ones. The last of the dandies — he worked for Hearst for some 50 years or so, and adored him. A gentleman … very much like Jed. Mankiewicz incorporated an incident from his own early career as a theater critic into Leland. Mankiewicz was assigned to review the October 1925", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981978", "score": "1.095901", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "George Schaefer (film producer)", "text": "during Schaefer's time at the studio include: Schaefer was the first to receive the Motion Picture Association's award for civic and patriotic service. Schaefer was played by Roy Scheider in \"RKO 281\", a highly-fictionalized 1999 TV movie based upon the events surrounding the \"Citizen Kane\" controversy. George Schaefer (film producer) George Schaefer (November 5, 1888, Brooklyn, New York – August 8, 1981) was a movie producer and the president of RKO in 1941 when Orson Welles made his classic film \"Citizen Kane\". Schaefer joined Paramount Pictures in 1920 and became general manager in 1933. He became vice president and chief", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10217416", "score": "1.0957234", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sources for Citizen Kane", "text": "for an initial read-through at Mankiewicz's house. Cotten wrote: \"I think I'll just listen,\" Welles said. \"The title of this movie is \"Citizen Kane\", and I play guess who.\" He turned to me. \"Why don't you think of yourself as Jedediah Leland? His name, by the way, is a combination of Jed Harris and your agent, Leland Hayward.\" \"There all resemblance ceases,\" Herman reassured me. These afternoon garden readings continued, and as the Mercury actors began arriving, the story started to breathe. \"I regard Leland with enormous affection,\" Welles told Bogdanovich, adding that the character of Jed Leland was based", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981976", "score": "1.0950879", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Charles Lederer", "text": "York when Lederer was still in his teens. Lederer, a child prodigy, who had entered college at thirteen, got to know Mankiewicz ... Lederer was Marion Davies’s nephew – the son of her sister Reine ... Marion was childless, and Lederer was very close to her; he spent a great deal of his time at her various dwelling places, and took his friends to meet both her and Hearst.” After finishing the script for \"Citizen Kane\", Mankiewicz gave a copy to Lederer, which Kael explains was foolish: Lederer, however, told director Peter Bogdanovich that Kael was totally incorrect in this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6120079", "score": "1.0930592", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Gus Schilling", "text": "and he worked in movies and television throughout the 1950s. His final film, Welles's \"Touch of Evil\", in which he has a brief uncredited appearance, was released in May 1958, nearly a year after his death. Schilling died of a heart attack in his Hollywood apartment, four days short of his 49th birthday. Gus Schilling August \"Gus\" Schilling (June 20, 1908 — June 16, 1957) was an American film actor who started in burlesque comedy and usually played nervous comic roles, often unbilled. A friend of Orson Welles, he appeared in five of the director's films — \"Citizen Kane\" (first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12491600", "score": "1.0895638", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Herman J. Mankiewicz", "text": "Herman J. Mankiewicz Herman Jacob Mankiewicz (November 7, 1897 – March 5, 1953) was an American screenwriter, who, with Orson Welles, wrote the screenplay for \"Citizen Kane\" (1941). Earlier, he was the Berlin correspondent for the \"Chicago Tribune\" and the drama critic for \"The New York Times\" and \"The New Yorker\". Alexander Woollcott said that Herman Mankiewicz was the \"funniest man in New York\". Both Mankiewicz and Welles received Academy Awards for their screenplay. He was often asked to fix the screenplays of other writers, with much of his work uncredited. Occasional flashes of what came to be called the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2531984", "score": "1.0844831", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Joseph Cotten", "text": "owned numerous major newspapers, and forbade them to carry advertisements for the film. Nominated for nine Academy Awards in 1942, the film won only for Best Screenplay, for Mankiewicz and Welles. \"Citizen Kane\" launched the film careers of the Mercury Players, including Agnes Moorehead (who played Kane's mother), Ruth Warrick (Kane's first wife), and Ray Collins (Kane's political opponent). However, Cotten was the only one of the four to find major success as a lead in Hollywood outside of \"Citizen Kane\"; Moorehead and Collins became successful character film actors and Warrick spent decades in a career in daytime television. Alexander", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "215798", "score": "1.0838642", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Orson Welles", "text": "the point of view of the narrator, Marlow, who would be played by Welles; his reflection would occasionally be seen in the window as his boat sailed down river. The project was abandoned because it could not be delivered on budget, and \"Citizen Kane\" was made instead. In 1941, Welles planned a film with his then partner, the Mexican actress Dolores del Río. \"Santa\" was adapted from the novel by Mexican writer Federico Gamboa. The film would have marked the debut of Dolores del Río in the Mexican cinema. Welles made a correction of the script in 13 extraordinary sequences.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "297632", "score": "1.0812429", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Harry Shannon (actor)", "text": "Foster Kane's rough father in \"Citizen Kane\" (1941). Among his other films were \"Someone to Remember\" (1943), \"Alaska Highway\" (1943), \"San Quentin\" (1946), and \"Witness to Murder\" (1954). In 1960, he was cast as the outlaw Clay Hooper in the episode \"Showdown at Goldtown\" of the ABC/Warner Brothers western television series, \"Colt .45.\" On July 27, 1964, Shannon died at the age of 74 in Hollywood, California. Harry Shannon (actor) Harry Shannon (June 13, 1890 – July 27, 1964) was an American character actor. He often appeared in Western films. Harry Shannon was born on a farm in Saginaw, Michigan.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14805258", "score": "1.077333", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Citizen Kane", "text": "and Welles himself. Despite never having appeared in feature films, some of the cast members were already well known to the public. Cotten had recently become a Broadway star in the hit play \"The Philadelphia Story\" with Katharine Hepburn and Sloane was well known for his role on the radio show \"The Goldbergs\". Mercury actor George Coulouris was a star of the stage in New York and London. Not all of the cast came from the Mercury Players. Welles cast Dorothy Comingore, an actress who played supporting parts in films since 1934 using the name \"Linda Winters\", as Susan Alexander", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "62191", "score": "1.0770894", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Cat's Meow", "text": "essay on \"Citizen Kane\" by Pauline Kael: Her principal source was John Houseman, script supervisor for cowriter Herman Mankiewicz, and it seems safe to conclude, even without her prodding, that some version of the story must have cropped up in Mankiewicz’s first draft of the script, which Welles subsequently edited and added to. According to Kael, the only trace of the subplot left in the script is a speech made by Susan Alexander, who was loosely based on Davies, to the reporter Thompson about Kane: “Look, if you’re smart, you’ll get in touch with Raymond. He’s the butler. You’ll learn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5204304", "score": "1.0755225", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Sources for Citizen Kane", "text": "after the father-in-law of his mentor Roger Hill. Houseman claimed that Walter P. Thatcher was loosely based on J. P. Morgan, but only in the general sense of Morgan being an old-fashioned 19th century capitalist with ties to Wall Street finances and railroad companies. When Welles was 15 he became the ward of Dr. Maurice Bernstein. Bernstein is the last name of the only major character in \"Citizen Kane\" who receives a generally positive portrayal. Although Dr. Bernstein was nothing like the character in the film (possibly based on Solomon S. Carvalho, Hearst's business manager), Welles said, the use of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981988", "score": "1.0749271", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Whitford Kane", "text": "Whitford Kane Whitford Kane (born Thomas Wheeler Kane, January 30, 1881 – December 17, 1956) was a noted Irish-born American stage and screen character actor remembered for playing the First Gravedigger in numerous productions of Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" and by the students that attended his drama classes over a career that spanned nearly six decades. By the end of his long career, Whitford Kane's theatre credits had grown to fill three columns in John Parker's \"Who's Who in the Theatre\". Kane was born on January 30, 1881 in Larne, a seaport on the east coast of County Antrim, Ireland (today a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16550785", "score": "1.0736086", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Citizen Kane: A Filmmaker's Journey", "text": "and the character of Charles Foster Kane -- to suppress or destroy the film and discredit Welles, and the ascent of \"Citizen Kane\" in the rankings of American motion pictures. The book is notable for using previously unused documents from the Hearst and Welles archives, the University of Michigan, and the Museum of Modern Art (New York), to examine six new topics about the film: Welles' role in writing the screenplay, which was larger than formerly understood; previously-unreleased information provided by Welles’ assistant Kathryn (Trosper) Popper, which describes Welles’ struggles with creating the film; the impact on the production of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20674331", "score": "1.0731746", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Marion Davies", "text": "career of his second wife, were direct influences on the screenplay for \"Citizen Kane\". \"As for Marion,\" Welles said, \"she was an extraordinary woman—nothing like the character Dorothy Comingore played in the movie.\" Davies was portrayed by Virginia Madsen in the telefilm \"The Hearst and Davies Affair\" (1985) with Robert Mitchum as Hearst. Madsen later became a Davies fan and said that she felt she had inadvertently portrayed her as a stereotype, rather than as a real person. Davies was portrayed by Heather McNair in \"Chaplin\" (1992); by Gretchen Mol in \"Cradle Will Rock\" (1999); and by Kirsten Dunst in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1716610", "score": "1.0706555", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Larry Wheat", "text": "Capra's \"Mr. Deeds Goes to Town\" (1936), starring Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur; 1936's \"The Great Ziegfeld\", starring William Powell and Myrna Loy; arguably one of the greatest films ever made, \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), directed, starring and co-written by Orson Welles; the classic film noir, \"Murder, My Sweet\" (1944), directed by Edward Dmytryk, and starring Dick Powell, Claire Trevor, and Anne Shirley; and 1946's \"The Spiral Staircase\", with Dorothy McGuire, George Brent, and Ethel Barrymore. Wheat's final film role would be in a small unbilled role in the 1947 film, \"Killer McCoy\", starring Mickey Rooney, Brian Donlevy and Ann Blyth.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18549668", "score": "1.0693604", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Whitford Kane", "text": "Virginia Rouns Patrick Dennis Tanner, there is a real Auntie Mame.\" Whitford Kane published his autobiography \"Are we all met?\" in 1931. Whitford Kane Whitford Kane (born Thomas Wheeler Kane, January 30, 1881 – December 17, 1956) was a noted Irish-born American stage and screen character actor remembered for playing the First Gravedigger in numerous productions of Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" and by the students that attended his drama classes over a career that spanned nearly six decades. By the end of his long career, Whitford Kane's theatre credits had grown to fill three columns in John Parker's \"Who's Who in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16550792", "score": "1.0688884", "original_retrieval_index": 39 } ]

[ "Jesse Frederick James Conaway", "Jesse Frederick" ]

[ { "title": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)", "text": "Funky Ones. Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song) \"Step by Step\" is the biggest-selling hit single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight. Danny Wood sang \"Step 1\", Donnie Wahlberg sang \"Step 2\", Jordan Knight sang \"Step 3\", Joey McIntyre sang \"Step 4\", and Jonathan Knight sang \"Step 5.\" Written by Maurice Starr, it was a huge worldwide hit, selling million copies worldwide, making it one of the biggest selling singles of 1990. It was the first single from the album of the same name, released on May 10, 1990.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7340279", "score": "1.2310673", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)", "text": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song) \"Step by Step\" is the biggest-selling hit single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight. Danny Wood sang \"Step 1\", Donnie Wahlberg sang \"Step 2\", Jordan Knight sang \"Step 3\", Joey McIntyre sang \"Step 4\", and Jonathan Knight sang \"Step 5.\" Written by Maurice Starr, it was a huge worldwide hit, selling million copies worldwide, making it one of the biggest selling singles of 1990. It was the first single from the album of the same name, released on May 10, 1990. The song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7340275", "score": "1.2190746", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Step by Step (TV series)", "text": "Step by Step (TV series) Step by Step is an American television sitcom that aired for seven seasons. It ran on ABC as part of its TGIF Friday night lineup from September 20, 1991 to August 15, 1997, then moved to CBS, where it aired from September 19, 1997 to June 26, 1998. Patrick Duffy and Suzanne Somers starred as single parents, each with three children, who spontaneously marry after meeting on vacation, resulting in their becoming the heads of a large blended family. Frank Lambert, a divorced contractor, has three children: John Thomas (J.T.), tomboyish Alicia (Al), and Brendan.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129096", "score": "1.2082493", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Step by Step (TV series)", "text": "main cast and principal producers to appearing over each episode's cold open (which was preceded for the final two seasons by an abbreviated opening bumper featuring the family applauding as Lily blows out the candles on her birthday cake). The theme song was brought back for the seventh season, upon the show's move from ABC to CBS, although it was edited down to include only the chorus and the closing instrumental flourish (restoring the original longer symphonic instrumental heard in the original long version, and the edits used for the second and third seasons). The amusement park seen in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129109", "score": "1.1979402", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Step by Step (TV series)", "text": "a six-episode \"Television Favorites\" collection on DVD on June 27, 2006. The first two seasons of the series were released on DVD in 2018, with season one coming out June 12, 2018. Season three is scheduled for release on November 20, 2018. Reviewing the pilot episode, Jean Rosenbluth of \"Variety\" wrote that, despite being an unoriginal clone of \"The Brady Bunch\", it is a \"modestly amusing, occasionally heartwarming show\". Step by Step (TV series) Step by Step is an American television sitcom that aired for seven seasons. It ran on ABC as part of its TGIF Friday night lineup from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129113", "score": "1.1561029", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)", "text": "poll. In August 2007, it was confirmed that \"Step by Step\" would be part of a 30 song track-list in the new edition of the \"Singstar\" series titled \"SingStar 90s\", a karaoke style game on classic 90s songs. Furthermore, it was chosen as part of a 32-track dance game in November 2009 for the Wii, called \"Just Dance.\" In January 2015, \"Heat\" magazine's TV Channel, placed it at #17 in their \"Greatest Boyband Anthems\" countdown. \"Step by Step\" was covered by The Lemonheads on their 1991 EP Favourite Spanish Dishes. It has also been covered by boyband 2Be3 and Lyte", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7340278", "score": "1.1450889", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Disco", "text": "\"Step By Step\" disco dance TV show was launched with the sponsorship support of the Coca-Cola company. Produced in the same studio that Don Cornelius used for the nationally syndicated dance/music television show, \"Soul Train\", \"Step by Step\"'s audience grew and the show became a success. The dynamic dance duo of Robin and Reggie led the show. The pair spent the week teaching disco dancing to dancers in the disco clubs. The instructional show which aired on Saturday mornings had a following of dancers who would stay up all night on Fridays so they could be on the set the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "97870", "score": "1.1378777", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Disco Step-by-Step", "text": "Disco Step-by-Step Disco Step-by-Step was a local television show in Buffalo, New York which featured disco music, dance instruction, and hustle dancing. The show was created, written, produced and first hosted by Marty Angelo. Taped during 1975 and 1976, the show was seen on local Public-access television cable TV channels in Buffalo and western New York State from January 1, 1977 to June 30, 1977; the program was shot in black and white. On September 23, 1977, the show moved to WBEN-TV (channel 4, now WIVB), where the show saw various technical improvements, including color. The show's host changed with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10333300", "score": "1.1190813", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Disco Step-by-Step", "text": "the move, with the duties now passed to Kevin O'Connell, who at the time was also WBEN-TV's weatherman. The program ran in the form of first-run and repeat telecasts on WBEN-TV until January 15, 1980. Various video clips of the show were featured in 2005 in the Experience Music Project's travelling , a VH1 television disco special, and a DVD disco documentary. Disco Step-by-Step Disco Step-by-Step was a local television show in Buffalo, New York which featured disco music, dance instruction, and hustle dancing. The show was created, written, produced and first hosted by Marty Angelo. Taped during 1975 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10333301", "score": "1.1185629", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jesse Frederick", "text": "Jesse Frederick James Conaway (born 1948), known professionally as Jesse Frederick, is an American film and television composer and singer best known for writing and performing the themes to TGIF television shows such as Perfect Strangers, Full House, Family Matters, and Step By Step for ABC.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Steps (pop group)", "text": "had their own talent show named \"Steps to the Stars\", in which young people performed three acts to be judged by a public vote. It was revealed on the next show who would go through to the final. This was shown on CBBC in 1999/2000. Two series were aired, presented by H and Claire, although the group performed one of its classics at the end of each show. The show featured a young Danny Jones in a band called Y2K in which he played guitar with his sister and their friend, and the eventual winner was a female solo singer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2764124", "score": "1.1165164", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Step by Step: The Greatest Hits", "text": "Step by Step: The Greatest Hits Step by Step: The Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Wet Wet Wet. It was released on 25 November 2013. \"Step by Step\", \"Sad Kinda Love\", and \"Playin' Like a Kid\" were recorded by the band especially for the album, and \"Step by Step\" was released as the album's lead single. The album reached No. 53 in the UK album chart. The album was promoted with a 10 date tour of the UK, where the band was supported by Blue. All ten dates on the UK tour were recorded for a series of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18179033", "score": "1.1137356", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Step by Step (1946 film)", "text": "Step by Step (1946 film) Step by Step is a 1946 American drama film directed by Phil Rosen, written by Stuart Palmer, and starring Lawrence Tierney, Anne Jeffreys, Lowell Gilmore, Myrna Dell, Harry Harvey, Sr. and Addison Richards. It was released on August 30, 1946, by RKO Pictures. A secretary, Evelyn Smith, lands a job working for Remmy, a Senator. One day while swimming, she encounters Johnny Christopher, a passerby who stopped to admire her. Johnny just returned from active duty in the Pacific during WWII. He and his war dog, Bazuka, flirt with Evelyn who smiles and then returns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18293275", "score": "1.1091337", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jesse Frederick", "text": "the selected episodes they scored in 1986-88. The two worked on \"The Family Man\", which boasted a first for both the musical team and Miller/Boyett; it was the first series in the group to have an instrumental opening theme. Programs that ensued for the duo included \"Step By Step\" in 1991. The latter's title track, \"Second Time Around\", was sung by Frederick in a duet with Teresa James. It illustrated the story of the show's newly married couple, Frank Lambert (Patrick Duffy) and Carol Foster (Suzanne Somers), as they had visions of mixing their households of kids together. \"Step By", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6902451", "score": "1.104314", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Step by Step (TV series)", "text": "the series for broadcast in off-network syndication. ABC Family was the first to acquire cable television rights to the series, and it became one of the cable channel's longest-running off-network syndicated programs in its history. Reruns began airing on there in 2001 (on what was then known as Fox Family), airing in various timeslots during its run ranging from late afternoon to the morning hours. On March 26, 2010, ABC Family's contract expired after less than nine years. The series returned to U.S. syndication on October 7, 2013, when the Hub Network began airing reruns; the network dropped it on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129111", "score": "1.098745", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Step by Step (Annie Lennox song)", "text": "Step by Step (Annie Lennox song) \"Step by Step\" is a song written and originally recorded by singer Annie Lennox, later a cross over pop hit by R&B/pop singer Whitney Houston. The song served as the second single from Houston's 1996 soundtrack album, \"The Preacher's Wife\". Lennox's recording originally appeared as the B-side to her 1992 single \"Precious\" Largely, Houston's version replaces Lennox's verses with new lyrics and omits portions from the bridge as well. Annie Lennox also provides background vocals in Houston's rendition. In an interview for \"The Nation\", Houston said that \"Annie sent me this really beautiful, spiritual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9113593", "score": "1.093456", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Step by Step (TV series)", "text": "series' sixth season to the 1996–97 mid-season (premiering in March 1997), in order to make room on that season's fall schedule for freshman sitcoms \"Sabrina the Teenage Witch\" and \"Clueless\", which joined established series \"Family Matters\" and \"Boy Meets World\" on the TGIF lineup; the network canceled it after six seasons in May 1997, due to declining ratings. CBS concurrently reached a deal with Miller-Boyett Productions to acquire the rights to it and \"Family Matters\" from ABC, as that network attempted to build its own Friday night lineup of family-friendly situation comedies for the fall of 1997, called the \"CBS", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129106", "score": "1.0912538", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Kofi (musician)", "text": "The only single release by Kofi during this period was in 1992 with the song \"Step By Step\". During her time with Motown, Kofi was commissioned to work for a mammoth musical project put together by Disney/Buena Vista. The \"\" project was a musical tribute to the company's many successful movies over the years and as such they marked the occasion by featuring many top-rated artists to each take a very famous song from one of their beloved movies and perform it in their own unique style. This included LL Cool J, Gipsy Kings, Michael Bolton and Billy Joel, to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15544250", "score": "1.0862335", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Life On Da Beat", "text": "by musical composers Yasushi Sasamoto, KATSU and h-wonder. Yasushi is a member of the rap unit BANANA ICE, which was formed in 1992. h-wonder is a famed musical arranger and composer throughout Japan, having worked with the likes of South Korean singer-songwriter BoA Kwon, Maaya Sakamoto and Kumi Koda. He debuted in 1995 as a soloist, but dropped his solo career to work with various artists in 1998. Although the members of Lead would work on their own material in the future, none of the songs from their debut album held their credit. The song \"Step by Step\" (track #3)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20346815", "score": "1.0836354", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)", "text": "video for this song. US and Canada 7-inch single CD single Maxi-CD \"Step by Step\" was voted #4 in a Smash Hits poll of \"Best Boyband songs...Ever\" and also made the list of the top 30 Guilty Pleasures on About.com's music site. about.com's The song was voted #7 in a viewer poll of the greatest Boy band/Girl band songs on New Zealand show UChoose40. It was also voted #1 in a viewer poll of the greatest Guilty Pleasures on the same show UChoose40. It beat such songs as the classic hit from Queen \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" which finished fourth in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7340277", "score": "1.076035", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ayumi Hamasaki", "text": "Tour\", Hamasaki's first fan club exclusive tour in twelve years after 2003, began on September 29, 2015 and included a total of 16 concerts at 7 venues. In April 2015, a new song entitled \"Step by Step\" began to be broadcast as the theme song of NHK TV drama \"Bijo to Danshi\", and was subsequently released as a digital single on July 1. On August 5, 2015, Hamasaki released her sixth extended play, entitled \"Sixxxxxx\". The mini album featured six new songs, including drama theme song \"Step by Step\", and \"Sayonara\", a new song featuring Taiwanese boyband SpeXial. \"Sayonara\" became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1480131", "score": "1.0755755", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song)", "text": "a woman to whom he's attracted, concluding the chorus with \"step by step, you'll win her love\". \"Step by Step\" maintained Eddie Rabbitt's crossover appeal when the single made it to number five in the Top 40. Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Step by Step\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"Step by Step\". \"Step by Step\" was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14161207", "score": "1.0715187", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jesse Frederick", "text": "Step\" was another \"TGIF\" hit, running six seasons on ABC and its seventh and final on CBS. From 1992 to 1994, Frederick and Salvay's newest project with Miller/Boyett was at first titled \"A New Day\" in its earliest development. Following a revamp in its creation (by Bickley/Warren), it premiered on \"TGIF\" in March 1993 as \"Getting By\". The series had two different theme songs during each of its two seasons, the second of which aired on NBC. The first theme that Frederick and Salvay wrote was sentimental in nature with woodwind instrumentation, and sung by Mark Lennon. The second theme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6902452", "score": "1.0705863", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block song)", "text": "spent three weeks at #1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was eventually certified platinum; it also spent two weeks at #1 in the Canadian Singles Chart, in total \"Step by Step\" spent five weeks at #1 in the North American charts. It also peaked at #2 on the UK Singles Chart and was also a top 10 hit in the Australian, French, German, Irish and Norwegian charts. \"Step by Step\" was initially recorded by one of Maurice Starr's other groups, The Superiors and was released as a single in 1987. Donnie Wahlberg's brother Mark Wahlberg appears in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7340276", "score": "1.067806", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Step by Step (Annie Lennox song)", "text": "intercut with scenes of a youth center, being restored by youngsters after a fire. The video was directed by Paul Hunter. After its release, \"Step by Step\" has been performed on all of Houston's tours: Pacific Rim Tour (1997), The European Tour (1998), My Love Is Your Love World Tour (1999), Soul Divas Tour (2004) and Nothing but Love World Tour (2009–2010). It was also performed in her HBO special \"Classic Whitney Live from Washington, D.C.\" in 1997. Step by Step (Annie Lennox song) \"Step by Step\" is a song written and originally recorded by singer Annie Lennox, later a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9113600", "score": "1.0630155", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Step (ClariS song)", "text": "Step (ClariS song) \"Step\" is a pop song by the Japanese duo and idol unit ClariS, written by Kz. It was released as the unit's tenth single on April 16, 2014 by SME Records. The song was used as the second opening theme to the 2014 anime series \"Nisekoi\". A music video was produced for \"Step\", directed by Jungo. The single peaked at No. 3 on Japan's weekly Oricon singles chart. \"Step\" is a synthpop song with instrumentation from a synthesizer. It is set in common time and moves at a tempo of 146 beats per minute in the E", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18529833", "score": "1.0625739", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block album)", "text": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block album) Step by Step is the fourth studio album by American boy band New Kids on the Block, released in June 1990 via Columbia Records. At the time of release the group was very popular and was being heavily merchandised, with everything from pillowcases, marbles, dolls, to a Saturday morning cartoon with their name and likeness. \"Step by Step\" went to number one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and the UK Albums Chart, with the lead-off title track single topping the charts simultaneously and selling nearly three million copies, making it their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7341575", "score": "1.0617443", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Case Closed (season 1)", "text": "The remaining episodes use by Heath as their ending song. The English opening theme song is \"Mune ga Doki Doki\" with English lyrics and renamed \"First New Century\". The English ending theme is \"Step by Step\" with English lyrics. Both theme songs are arranged and sung by Carl Finch. In April 2009, When the first two episodes were re-aired in Japan the music was changed to \"Everlasting Luv\" by Breakerz for the opening and \"Doing all Right\" by Garnet Crow for the closing song. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Case Closed (season 1) The first season of the \"Case Closed\" anime was directed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11434746", "score": "1.0617086", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song)", "text": "Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Step by Step\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"Step by Step\". \"Step by Step\" was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. In the song, the narrator instructs a friend on how to attract the attentions of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14161206", "score": "1.0614818", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Step by Step (New Kids on the Block album)", "text": "in the United States. Step by Step (New Kids on the Block album) Step by Step is the fourth studio album by American boy band New Kids on the Block, released in June 1990 via Columbia Records. At the time of release the group was very popular and was being heavily merchandised, with everything from pillowcases, marbles, dolls, to a Saturday morning cartoon with their name and likeness. \"Step by Step\" went to number one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and the UK Albums Chart, with the lead-off title track single topping the charts simultaneously and selling nearly three million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7341577", "score": "1.057628", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "April 2, 2018" ]

[ { "title": "Beyblade: Super Tournament Battle", "text": "Beyblade: Super Tournament Battle Beyblade: Super Tournament Battle, also known as Beyblade VForce: Super Tournament Battle and Bakuten Shoot Beyblade 2002: Nettou! Magne-tag Battle! (爆転シュートベイブレード2002 熱闘！マグネタッグバトル！) in Japan is a role-playing video game. In the game, the player selects a Beyblade and a Beyblader to fight in a tournament, buying better Beyblades as the game progresses. The objective of the game is to knock your opponent out of the stadium. When launching a Beyblade, a \"Launch Meter\" is displayed and quickly fills itself up with a golden meter. The closer the golden meter is to its end when the player", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6313123", "score": "1.1480535", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Beyblade (toy)", "text": "replace the Fusion Wheel and Energy Ring, while a similar but slightly longer Face Bolt is used due to the extra thickness of the new wheels. Stadiums for this system have rounded bottoms that cause them to pivot, which changes the movement patterns of the battling Beyblades. Additionally, the Crystal Wheel may be replaced with a second Warrior Wheel to create a heavier Synchrome Beyblade. This system is designed in such a way that the top may separate if it has sustained enough hits, which creates a burst gimmick due to a spring in the Performance Tip. The Burst System", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8660629", "score": "1.1232022", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Super Tournament Battle", "text": "role-playing game for Nintendo GameCube. It was based on the anime and manga \"Beyblade\" and was released originally on December 19, 2002 in Japan and was later released in the west in 2003. The game was not well received by game reviews. IGN ranked it 2.5 out of 10, stating that \"the concept couldn't be simpler and this is largely why there's no need to do it in videogame form, especially if the videogame is as poorly conceived as this\". Beyblade: Super Tournament Battle Beyblade: Super Tournament Battle, also known as Beyblade VForce: Super Tournament Battle and Bakuten Shoot Beyblade", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6313125", "score": "1.1131113", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Beyblade (toy)", "text": "Korean toy maker Sonokong. In 2002, Hasbro began to sell Beyblade toys internationally (under license from, and produced by, Takara) along with a coordinated country-by-country release of localized versions of the TV series. In August 2008, Takara Tomy released \"Beyblade: Metal Fusion\"; the first incarnation of the toy in three and a half years. the series followed by Beyblade burst the third generation The game is played with two players or more. Each player is allowed up to three Beyblades to choose from during a match. Players may use any parts available to them to make their Beyblades as long", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8660619", "score": "1.0976888", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Beyblade Burst", "text": "English subtitled version began streaming on Daisuki in the United States on December 27, 2016 until the website went defunct in 2017. and on Pop Max in the United Kingdom on October 9, 2017. Hasbro and Sunrights are launching the toyline outside of Japan. Toys R Us started distributing the toys in Canada in September 2016 and Hasbro started distributing the toys in the United States in January 2017. Beyblade Burst The story revolves around Valt Aoi and his classmates as they fight their way through tournaments with their eyes set on the title of \"World's #1 Blader\"! Valt Aoi,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19093998", "score": "1.0976733", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Beyblade (toy)", "text": "consists of 3 parts: Beyblade: XTS (Xtreme Top System) is a system of Beyblades by Hasbro released in \"Beyblade: Metal Masters\". They are separated into four groups, \"Tornado Battlers\" (taller, all plastic), \"Electro Battlers\" (light and sound effects), \"IR Spin Control Beyblades\" (remote controlled), and ¨Stealth Battlers¨ (hidden weapons released by centripetal force). None of these can be customized. \"Beyblade Burst Micro\" is a miniature scale version of the main \"Beyblade Burst\" series. Because of their small size, the tops can only be customized by changing the tips. Beyblade (toy) Beyblade is a line of spinning top toys originally developed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8660630", "score": "1.0905684", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Beyblade Burst", "text": "Beyblade Burst The story revolves around Valt Aoi and his classmates as they fight their way through tournaments with their eyes set on the title of \"World's #1 Blader\"! Valt Aoi, who participated in the Japanese Championship, was scouted for the prestigious Spanish team \"BC Sol\" and heads out to Spain. His first battle in Spain left his bey with the opportunity to evolve. With their sights set on the world, Valt and his friends begin their challenge for the World League! Valt comes to know that his friend Shu is killed by a really powerful blader Red Eye. However,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19093995", "score": "1.0800881", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Super Tournament Battle", "text": "hits the launch button, the faster the Beyblade will revolve. Players can also get points if the player makes the Beyblade stop spinning or misses a launch. The player earns four points or more if they destroy the opponent's Beyblade to pieces using a powerful assault from the Bit-Beast. In order to be capable of releasing a Bit-Beast, the player has to earn \"Legend Power\" points simply by hitting other Beyblades repeatedly. Bit-Beast assaults usually take a larger amount of energy from the adversary than normal assaults and they also increase the speed of the spins. \"Beyblade\" is an action", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6313124", "score": "1.0731246", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "the \"Beyblade: Metal Fusion\" series was \"Metal Fight Beyblade DS\", which debuted on March 26, 2009 for the Nintendo DS. The majority of the games produced so far have only been released in Japan, though Hudson Soft has localized the second Nintendo DS game and the Wii game for North America, which is called \"Battle Fortress\". So far, all dedicated \"Metal Fight Beyblade\" games have been developed and published by Hudson. The most recent \"Metal Fight Beyblade\" video game to be released was \"Metal Fight Beyblade: Choujou Kessen! Big Bang Blader\" for the DS in Japan, which was released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242942", "score": "1.0558901", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "List of Beyblade Burst Super Z episodes", "text": "Beyblade Burst Super Z is the 2018 sequel to the anime television series Beyblade Burst. It was adapted by OLM and began airing in all TXN stations in Japan on April 2, 2018. The opening theme is \"Chouzetsu Muteki Blader!\" while the ending is \"BEY-POP\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Beyblade Burst", "text": "grew up in nature. After battling Valt Aoi, he became inspired to become the No.1 Blader in the world, along with his beyblade, Z Achilles. He aims to fight strong opponents in an effort to become stronger himself. To defeat Valt Aoi and become the World Champion, Aiger begins his journey. Age:13 <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> An English dub of the anime premiered on Teletoon in Canada on September 10, 2016 and on Disney XD on October 2. The dub premiered on 9Go! in Australia on December 5, 2016 and on Disney XD in the United States on December 19, 2016. An", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19093997", "score": "1.0550947", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Beyblade (toy)", "text": "as they are not restricted (such as in tournament play), but may not switch parts once a match has started. Players may choose from any of the three Beyblades they have with them for any battle in a match. The first player to reach five points wins, except for Beyblade Burst, which is up to three points. Points are awarded to the player based on how their Beyblade knocks out the opponent's In the event of a draw (both Beyblades are knocked out of the ring, stop spinning simultaneously, or burst at the same time), points are awarded to both", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8660620", "score": "1.0514666", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Beyblade", "text": "June 2010 with showings on Saturdays and Sundays, and has lasted four seasons, including Metal Fusion, Metal Masters, Metal Fury, and Shogun Steel. A new Beyblade series is undergoing release named \"Beyblade Burst\". \"Beyblade\" inspired two spin-off series: \"BeyWheelz\" and \"\". Two theatrical films based on the Beyblade series were produced: \"\" was released in 2004 and \"\" was released in 2010. In May 2015, \"Deadline Hollywood\" announced that Paramount Pictures had acquired the rights to turn it into a live action film after the success of \"Transformers\" and \"G.I. Joe\" all of which are owned by Hasbro and released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3495854", "score": "1.0448353", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "December 2, 2010. The 4D System continues on from the HWS System, adding on some gimmicks to the parts: The Zero-G Season introduced a reformed system: All of these toys are made by Takara Tomy in Japan Hasbro in the USA, Australia and Canada , Europe , India and by Sonokong in South Korea. Beyblade: Metal Fusion Beyblade: Metal Fusion, also known as , is a Japanese manga created by Takafumi Adachi, serialized in Shogakukan's monthly magazine \"CoroCoro Comic\" between September 2008 and February 2012. The manga inspired an anime production named Beyblade: Metal Saga, which encompasses four seasons: \"Metal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242943", "score": "1.0155325", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Beyblade", "text": "through Paramount. The film will be produced by Mary Parent through her Disruption Entertainment banner. Beyblade developed a cult following when the series' popular spinning top toy was launched worldwide. Now with the released fourth season of the \"Metal Fight Beyblade\" series, \"Metal Fight Beyblade Zero-G\", aka \"Beyblade Shogun Steel\", a toy line which consists of Beyblades from the anime including Samurai Ifraid W145CF, MSF Shinobi Saramanda SW145SD, MSF Pirates Orojya 145D, Thief Phoenix E230GCF, Guardian Reviser 160SB, MSF Archer Gryph C145S, Pirates Killerken A230JSB, and many more are being released in Asia. \"Beyblade, Let It Rip! The Official Album\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3495855", "score": "1.0079234", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "called Gan Gan Galaxy to participate in a new Beyblade World Tournament. On the way they have to battle Team Garcias, Team Wang Hu Zhong, Team Lovushka, Team Excalibur, Team Desert Blaze, Team Chandora, Team Wild Fang and Team Starbreaker with a new guy,Toby/Faust and other members of Team Starbreaker. The matches are hard at first, and they become harder as they progress through the world tournament. Unknowingly, a man named Dr. Ziggurat attempts to find power and differentiate Beys by using the tournament to collect data for experiments he calls the Arrangements. These devices enhance a Blader's skills in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242936", "score": "0.99791074", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Shogun Steel", "text": "against the Cyclone Bey stadium. Wanting to push his skills forward, Zero takes part in the new era of Beyblade, testing his might against the Cyclone stadiums. A Dark Nebula computer AI rebuilt by DNA, which later revealed itself as the original organizer of the Dark Nebula, Doji. He helps Kira acquire Gladiator Bahamoote SP230GF in order for him to become the next ultimate beyblader. Beyblade: Shogun Steel Beyblade: Shogun Steel, known in Japan as is a Japanese manga by Takafumi Adachi based on Takara Tomy's spinning top toy line. It is also an anime that aired on TV Tokyo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16360176", "score": "0.9904165", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "because it went past its limits numerous times. Ryo reassures Gingka that Pegasus will come back, the crew then celebrate with Hikaru, Tsubasa and Kyoya, who have just been released from hospital. \"Beyblade: Metal Masters\", also known in Japan as , is the second season of the \"Metal Saga\". After Storm Pegasus sacrifices itself to defeat Ryuga and Lightning L-Drago, Gingka hears from a rock which contains Galaxy Pegasus W105R²F, The legendary bey! First Galaxy Pegasus battles with a new bey named Ray Striker and its owner, Masamune Kadoya. Together with Madoka, Masamune, Yu, Tsubasa, and Gingka,they form a team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242935", "score": "0.9839248", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Beyblade", "text": "was released in the UK to coincide with the show's popularity. It featured the anime's opening theme, as well as songs by artists including Nickelback and Busted. Originally developed and manufactured by Takara Tomy, first released in 2000. The toys include a 'launcher' – a device for bringing the spinning top up to speed in a plastic arena known as a Beystadium, with a slightly dished base, where they subsequently strike each other. The last top still spinning wins. Beyblade is largely a game of power and angle, although many players believe a particular launch style can influence the outcome", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3495856", "score": "0.9801024", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "between April 3, 2011 and April 1, 2012. The fourth season, \"Shogun Steel\", aired in Japan between April 8, 2012, and December 23, 2012. Episodes 39–45 of this season were released on DVD on August 27, 2013, and September 25, 2013. The plot of the anime version of \"Metal Fight Beyblade\" slightly differs from that of the manga. One notable difference is that in the manga, the Beys transform for their upgrades, while in the anime, the characters just switch parts or get an entirely new Bey. Another difference is that, in the manga, the characters started with the Metal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242929", "score": "0.97811675", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Beyblade (toy)", "text": "and a 'RF (Rubber Flat)' Bottom/Performance Tip. 4D system Beyblades were introduced in March 2011. It is an expansion of the Hybrid Wheel System which introduced new parts including the 4D Fusion Wheel and 4D Bottom. Additionally, the plastic parts of the wheels are made of a heavier, stronger material. The 4D Fusion Wheel replaces the standard Fusion Wheel. It is made of multiple parts, including the PC Frame, Metal Frame, and Core. Some omit a standard frame and core design, such as L-Drago Destroy which has an upper metal frame to replace the Energy Ring and a lower PC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8660627", "score": "0.9766101", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Sol Blaze, the Scorching Hot Invader", "text": "of a building and rests; lies down crying. He is spotted by Ryutaro and Tetsuya. Helios appears before them and challenges them to a Beybattle. The Beys are no match for Helios' Sol Blaze and are unwittingly defeated. Tsubasa is in the ark where he sees many Earth's things. Tsubasa was shocked when he sees a machine-like something. In B-Pit, as Kenta, Benkei and Yu enters the shop, they found Masamune go back home, suffering an injury while brought a wounded Ryutaro. Masamune tells them that Sol Blaze is stronger than the group thought, and collapses before he can reach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18975334", "score": "0.95966524", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "Lightning L-Drago came into existence. After this event it is Kyoya vs Ryuga, in which Kyoya starts off great but once the spirits of L-Drago enter and consume Ryuga's body he cannot hold his ground. Ryuga then explains that it is Gingka's fault that everyone of his friends have been absorbed by the vicious L-Drago. It is the final battle and Ryuga seems to be using his full power against Gingka. Realizing that his friends will always be with him, he retaliates and calls for Pegasus. Before he can do that, it seems that L-Drago is trying to absorb Ryuga", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242933", "score": "0.9514483", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Beyblade (toy)", "text": "core with rubber inserts to replace the Fusion Wheel, essentially flipping the common construction of most tops from this system. The 4D Bottom replaces the Spin Track and includes a built-in gimmick involving the tip, such as being quickly changed between battles without disassembly, changing performance based on stamina, or spinning freely on a bearing. The Zero G System continues the trend of the Hybrid Wheel System by using compatible parts. In uses the same engineering for the Spin Track and Performance Tip while introducing parts that can be used in place of others. The Crystal Wheel and Warrior/Chrome Wheel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8660628", "score": "0.94986933", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Beyblade Burst", "text": "in order to qualify for the World League, they must first win the European League. Will Valt be able to take BC Sol to the World League? And can he defeat the world's strongest Bladers? Is his dearest friend, Shu really dead and who is this Red Eye? Valt has many surprises left throughout his journey to become the no.1 beyblader in the world. Valt's story of fierce battling and growth begins as he sets his sights to the top of the world! Two years after the International Blader's Cup, the story focuses on Aiger Akabane, a \"wild child\" that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19093996", "score": "0.9480467", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "Tategami and Benkei from the Face Hunters aid Gingka on his quest to defeat the evil Dark Nebula organization and Ryuga, a boy with the Legendary Bey known as Lightning L-Drago. One of the recruits of the Dark Nebula Organization is Tsubasa Otori. The original \"Beyblade\" series led Nelvana to many awards and won the toy of the year award in 2002 and 2003. Since then, many toys and series have been produced in North America and Asia, but many were not as well received as the original series. As a result, Nelvana entered into talks with TV Tokyo to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242926", "score": "0.947683", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Beyblade", "text": "manga was licensed for an English-language release by Viz Media. In 2016 Takao Aoki released a sequel manga to G-Revolution called 'Beyblade: Rising' featuring the original characters, which is currently ongoing. There are currently four volumes, with the fifth being released in Japan in September 2017. A three-season anime television adaptation was adapted from the series. The first season, spanning 51 episodes, was produced by Madhouse and aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from January 8, 2001, to December 24, 2001. The second season, produced by Nihon Animedia and titled \"Beyblade V-Force\", ran for another 51 episodes from January 7,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3495851", "score": "0.9431882", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Beyblade", "text": "released by Pioneer, who was later named Geneon, and then Cinedigm, all for the first season, and then Funimation for the third season. Now, the license for the first season thus far was transferred to Discotek Media on November 30, 2018, for a SDBD release on January 29, 2019. Another \"Beyblade\" anime series entitled \"Metal Fight Beyblade\" was produced by Tatsunoko and SynergySP, and is based on the aforementioned Metal Fight Beyblade manga. It premiered on April 5, 2009. Nelvana has licensed the series, which was released in North America as \"Beyblade: Metal Fusion\". It premiered on Cartoon Network in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3495853", "score": "0.9424718", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Beyblade (toy)", "text": "under the \"\" brand. All parts of an HWS Beyblade are plastic except for the Fusion Wheel. A Key Tool is used to assemble the Beyblade, locking the Face Bolt and Performance Tip to the Spin Track. The main difference from the earlier Metal System is the replacement of the metal wheel with a combination of a plastic \"Energy Ring\" and \"Metal/Fusion Wheel\". This was done to prevent breakage of launcher parts. Names of Beyblades can now be determined by their parts. For example, Storm Pegasus 105RF has a 'Pegasus' Energy Ring/Clear Wheel, 'Storm' Fusion Wheel/Metal Wheel, '105(10.5mm)' Spin Track/Track,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8660626", "score": "0.94073904", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Beyblade: Metal Fusion", "text": "at the hands of a great Blader. A new era of Beyblade has begun, bringing with it new Bladers. When Zyro Kurogane witnessed the final battle with the God of Destruction, a fire began to burn within him to push forward to a new future. Zyro's bey, Samurai Ifrit, was given to him by Gingka. While Zyro is the champion in his hometown, he wants to test himself. He seeks out greater opponents, heading to Gingka's hometown. When Zyro arrives and discovers that Gingka is nowhere to be found, and meets Shinobu Hiryuin, Ren Kurenai, and the Unabara brothers. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14242940", "score": "0.9322233", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Ross Elliott", "Peter Hansen" ]

[ { "title": "Scott Baldwin", "text": "Scott Baldwin Scott Baldwin is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\" and its now-defunct spinoff \"Port Charles\". The character debuted played by child actors in the 1960s until Kin Shriner assumed the role in 1977. Scotty is often remembered as part of the love triangle with Luke and Laura Spencer. When his wife Laura Webber left him for Luke Spencer, his devastation led to a drastic personality change. The character became one of \"General Hospital's\" long-running villains. However, on \"Port Charles\", the character was portrayed in a more heroic sense. The character was originated as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9196149", "score": "1.2060175", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Scott Baldwin", "text": "by Jerry Jacks. Scott Baldwin Scott Baldwin is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\" and its now-defunct spinoff \"Port Charles\". The character debuted played by child actors in the 1960s until Kin Shriner assumed the role in 1977. Scotty is often remembered as part of the love triangle with Luke and Laura Spencer. When his wife Laura Webber left him for Luke Spencer, his devastation led to a drastic personality change. The character became one of \"General Hospital's\" long-running villains. However, on \"Port Charles\", the character was portrayed in a more heroic sense. The character was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9196170", "score": "1.1988404", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Kin Shriner", "text": "originally cast as Scott Baldwin on \"General Hospital\" in 1977, the role he is best known for playing. In the fall of 1980, he left \"General Hospital\" and immediately began playing Jeb Hampton on the NBC daytime soap opera \"Texas\". He left that role in 1981 and soon returned to \"General Hospital\", where he remained until 1983, returning again from 1987-1993. In between those stints, he appeared on the short-lived syndicated daily soap \"Rituals\" as hero Mike Gallagher. He also played Dr. Brian Carrey on CBS's \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" from 1994 to 1995. In 1997, he once again", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3320451", "score": "1.1903334", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Kin Shriner", "text": "he has played. He was first cast as Scott Baldwin, on \"General Hospital\", in 1977. He has left the program several times to play different roles on other soap operas, for short periods of time, but continues to appear as a regular cast member on \"General Hospital\". He holds the distinction of being one of only a few actors who have appeared on the same scripted television program, in the same role, for five consecutive decades. Plans to spin off \"General Hospital\" were announced in December 1996. ABC had previously passed on the idea of a \"GH\" spin off proposed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3320454", "score": "1.1564429", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Kin Shriner", "text": "Kin Shriner Kin Shriner (born December 6, 1953) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Scott Baldwin on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\" and its spin-off \"Port Charles\". Shriner and his twin brother, actor Wil Shriner, were born in New York City to the late Eileen \"Pixie\" McDermott and Herb Shriner, a popular television personality. The boys' parents died in an automobile accident when the twins were teenagers, after which the brothers moved to Texas to live with their grandmother. Shriner was employed by Fuller Brush as a door-to-door salesman before becoming an actor. He was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3320450", "score": "1.1156657", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Johnny Whitaker", "text": "Johnny Whitaker John Orson Whitaker, Jr. (born December 13, 1959) is an American actor notable for several performances for film and television during his childhood. The redheaded Whitaker is best known for his role as Jody Davis on \"Family Affair\" from 1966 to 1971. He also originated the role of Scotty Baldwin on \"General Hospital\" in 1965, played the lead in Hallmark's 1969 \"The Littlest Angel\", and portrayed the title character in the 1973 musical version of \"Tom Sawyer\". Whitaker was born in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Van Nuys, the fifth of eight children of Thelma and John O.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2828574", "score": "1.0778316", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Kin Shriner", "text": "returned to playing Scott Baldwin, but this time on \"General Hospital\"s spin-off \"Port Charles\". \"Port Charles\" was set in the same fictional city as \"General Hospital\" - Port Charles, New York - and featured many of the same characters. In 2000, Shriner returned to \"General Hospital\" and quit appearing on \"Port Charles\" the next year. He left \"General Hospital\" again in 2004, and in that year portrayed Harrison Bartlett on \"The Young and the Restless\". In 2005, he joined the cast of \"As the World Turns\" in the role of Keith Morrissey until leaving the show in 2006. He returned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3320452", "score": "1.047027", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Scott Baldwin", "text": "He left \"Port Charles\" in 2001, and returned to the original series, until his departure in 2004. Shriner returned in 2007. He last appeared in November 2008. With the departure of actress Rachel Ames as Audrey Hardy, Scott became the oldest character (in real time) appearing on \"General Hospital\", having been introduced in 1965. On January 14, 2013, it was announced that Shriner would return to \"General Hospital\" on February 19, making him the latest in a slew of returning fan favorites. When Kin Shriner assumed the role in 1977, Scotty is a respectable young adult. He enters law school", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9196151", "score": "1.0425041", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Kin Shriner", "text": "to \"General Hospital\" in 2007 and left the series again in 2008. In 2013, he returned to \"General Hospital\", where he has remained since. Additionally, in 2011, he served as a temporary fill-in for fellow actor Ted Shackelford on \"The Young and the Restless\", portraying Jeffrey Bardwell until September 2011. Outside of soap operas, Shriner has appeared on several primetime television programs, playing temporary roles beginning in 1976. In later years he guest starred on several programs such as ABC's top 10 sitcom \"Full House\". Shriner is best known for playing Scott Baldwin on \"General Hospital\" over all other roles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3320453", "score": "1.0175645", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Lee Baldwin", "text": "Ross Elliott originated the role on General Hospital in 1963. Peter Hansen inherited the role in 1965 and played it until 1986 and again from 1989 to 1990 before returning permanently from 1992 to 2004. Lee Baldwin is the adoptive father of Scott Baldwin.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Jason Thompson (actor)", "text": "their second child, a daughter, Rome Coco, on September 20, 2017. Jason Thompson (actor) Jason Craig Thompson (born November 20, 1976) is a Canadian actor. He joined the cast of the American daytime drama \"General Hospital\" in December 2005 as neurosurgeon Dr. Patrick Drake. In 2007, Thompson became an original cast member of the \"General Hospital\" prime-time spin-off \"\" while maintaining his day job on \"GH\". On April 1, 2015, Thompson also portrayed original GH character Steve Hardy in a flashback for the show's 52nd anniversary. He was discovered at 16 working at a restaurant in Edmonton, Alberta by model", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7523638", "score": "1.0156267", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Franco (General Hospital)", "text": "for a time it was believed that he was Jason's twin brother. In May 2013, Roger Howarth assumed the role when the character is revealed to be alive. Franco's return brought about the revelation that his biological parents are Scott Baldwin (Kin Shriner) and Heather Webber (Robin Mattson). James Franco's casting on \"General Hospital\" was met by surprise and mixed reviews. Franco also used his time on the series to create a documentary that was shown at the Tribeca Film Festival, and turned a scene filming at MOCA into a live performance piece. The attention Franco garnered boosted publicity for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14085911", "score": "1.0057908", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Scott Baldwin", "text": "\"Serenity\". After an ill-advised engagement to Katherine Bell, Scotty left town once again, returning to Port Charles in 1997. Scotty has a seat on the board of General Hospital, which he received after negotiating a solution to a nurses strike. He was also Luke's attorney during the murder trial of Stefan Cassadine, though they fought constantly about how to handle the case, and as a result of Felicia's testimony, the case caused great strain in Luke and Laura's relationship. Scotty used this as an opportunity to continue manipulation of all things Laura, and they eventually started dating again. Luke was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9196158", "score": "1.002162", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Johnny Whitaker", "text": "Whitaker, Sr. Whitaker began his professional acting career at the age of three by appearing in a television commercial for a local used car dealer. He went on to appear in commercials for Mattel Toymakers, for such toys as Larry the Lion and Crackers the Parrot in their Animal Yackers series. In 1965, Whitaker originated the character of the young Scotty Baldwin in the soap opera \"General Hospital\". In 1966, he acted in a major feature film, \"The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming\", which also starred Brian Keith, the actor who would later play Whitaker's uncle in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2828575", "score": "0.996635", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dave Scotti", "text": "his creative outlet. After graduation, he enrolled at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of Theatre, and went on to earn a BFA in Acting from New York University, studying with Oscar winner Beatrice Straight. Dave Scotti David Louis Scotti (born December 14, 1971) is an American film and stage actor known primarily for his recurring role as Vito Manzi on the television soap opera \"General Hospital\". He first gained attention as villain Tony Cicero in the Boston stage premiere of \"Vig\" and also as Gary, the agent, in \"I hate Hamelet\". He continued his career with film and television roles including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16599300", "score": "0.9958163", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Scott Thompson Baker", "text": "Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Male Newcomer, for his role as Colton in \"General Hospital\". He also received two nominations in 1990, for Outstanding Super Couple: Daytime (shared with Kristina Wagner) and Outstanding Hero: Daytime, for the same role. However, he lost to Doug Davidson, as Paul in \"The Young and the Restless\", and A Martinez and Marcy Walker, for Cruz and Eden in \"Santa Barbara\". Scott Thompson Baker Scott Thompson Baker (born September 15, 1960) is an American television actor, from Golden Valley, Minnesota. Some of his most notable roles are Colton Shore on \"General Hospital\", Craig Lawson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12749166", "score": "0.99369967", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Laura Spencer (General Hospital)", "text": "looking good to the rest of the world because she was in the scandal sheets as a slut.\" In the summer of 1977, Kin Shriner was cast in the role of Scott \"Scotty\" Baldwin to play opposite Francis's Laura. Scotty and Laura would eventually be paired together in a romantic story. Francis said \"We did a first-love story with real-life sex, romance and heartbreak. ... It's every teen-ager's story.\" According to Shriner, \"Laura was the big love of Scotty's life.\" Their end leaves Scotty \"jaded\" and screwed up. Scotty was Laura's first kiss, and Shriner was Francis's first kiss. Francis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3689453", "score": "0.99206424", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Sam McCall", "text": "role of Sam's father. Rumors began to circulate naming Duke Lavery (Ian Buchanan), Blackie Parrish (John Stamos) and Dr. Kevin Collins (Jon Lindstrom) as potential candidates for Sam's father; Lindstrom having previously worked opposite Monaco as her father on the soap opera \"Port Charles.\" Another rumor emerged that veteran soap actor, Peter Reckell, who played Bo Brady on the NBC soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\" from 1983-2012, would be joining \"General Hospital\" in the role of Evan Jerome. It was widely speculated that Reckell was cast to play Sam's father, linking her to the Jerome crime family that was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5152451", "score": "0.98953927", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dave Scotti", "text": "Dave Scotti David Louis Scotti (born December 14, 1971) is an American film and stage actor known primarily for his recurring role as Vito Manzi on the television soap opera \"General Hospital\". He first gained attention as villain Tony Cicero in the Boston stage premiere of \"Vig\" and also as Gary, the agent, in \"I hate Hamelet\". He continued his career with film and television roles including the comedy caper \"Docs and robbers\", and the short film \"The right hook\" (HBO Arts Festival winner), for which he won the 2001 Best Actor award at The Jersey Short Film Festival. His", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16599298", "score": "0.9861791", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ryan Paevey", "text": "Ryan Paevey Ryan Jacob Paevey-Vlieger (born September 24, 1984), better known as Ryan Paevey, is an American model and actor, best known for his role as Nathan West on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\". Paevey was born in Torrance, California and was raised in Los Angeles as the son of Les Vlieger and Linda Paevey. He has a younger sister Kaitlyn, with whom he is very close. Paevey ran track and cross country in high school. His hobbies include video games, surfing—which he did with his dad as a child—and cooking, and his favorite food is sushi. Peavey makes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17958253", "score": "0.98043084", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Donnell Turner", "text": "Donnell Turner Donnell L. Turner (born January 8, 1973) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Curtis Ashford on the ABC daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\". Turner was born on January 8, 1973 in Tacoma, Washington. Turner's brother Ejay \"Blunt\" Turner is a member of the 1990s Contemporary R&B group, DRS. His family relocated to Chicago when Donnell was still a baby. As a child, Turner relocated to Redding, California with his mother and his brother where they were the only African American family in the neighborhood. Turner fell in love with performing as a child participating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19442287", "score": "0.97684085", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Laura Spencer (General Hospital)", "text": "Laura Spencer (General Hospital) Laura Spencer is a fictional character from \"General Hospital\", an American soap opera on the ABC network. Laura, originally played by Stacey Baldwin, was introduced in 1974 as the illegitimate daughter of Dr. Lesley Williams (Denise Alexander). The character was written out in the summer of 1976. In early 1977, Genie Francis took over the role of the rebellious teenage Laura. In 1978, thanks to the efforts of executive producer Gloria Monty's plan to entice younger viewers, the character's popularity skyrocketed in the late 1970s and early 1980s due to her pairings with Scott Baldwin (Kin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3689411", "score": "0.97441375", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Chad Brannon", "text": "a half at Sam Houston, he moved to Los Angeles. Chad is married to his wife Carly. They have three sons: Hudson (born December 18, 2007), Ford (born January 6, 2010), and Tucker (born June 6, 2011). In 2000 started playing Zander Smith on the daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\". He played the character from 2000–2004, until he was killed off, and won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series in 2004. He has also guest starred on \"Friday Night Lights\", \"Cold Case\", and \"Deadwood\". Another of his roles includes Tolten from the Xbox 360", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13228870", "score": "0.97176474", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Drew Garrett", "text": "Drew Garrett Drew Garrett (born Drew Garrett Nelson, April 21, 1989) is an American actor. He was best known for his role as Michael Corinthos III in the television series \"General Hospital\". Garrett was born in Jupiter, Florida, to Randy Nelson and Karole Cooney, a former Kravis Center front-of-house manager, and daughter of Niles Cooney, the owner of an orange grove in Fort Pierce, Florida. He attended Dreyfoos School of the Arts and played varsity soccer. He later moved to Los Angeles with his mother in 2005, graduated from the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13142641", "score": "0.9692122", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Sean Blakemore", "text": "Sean Blakemore Sean Blakemore (born August 10, 1967, St. Louis) is an American actor who is portraying Shawn Butler on the ABC daytime drama \"General Hospital\", a role he began playing on January 21, 2011 on a recurring basis. On April 6, 2011, he signed a contract with ABC to continue his role full-time. Blakemore was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his role on \"General Hospital\" in 2012 and won the award in 2016. Blakemore was born on August 10, 1967, the fifth of seven children (five girls and two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15526530", "score": "0.96840066", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Jay Pickett", "text": "complicated older brother of Joe Scanlon, on the ABC Daytime drama \"Port Charles\". In 2006, Pickett substituted for actor Ted King in the role of Lorenzo Alcazar on the soap opera, \"General Hospital\", the parent series of \"Port Charles\". In 2007, Pickett rejoined the cast of \"General Hospital\" in the recurring role of \"Detective David Harper.\" He enjoys most sports, including football, basketball, baseball and skiing. He is also an expert roper and western rider. Pickett and his wife, Elena, reside in California and have two daughters, Maegan and Michaela, and a son, Tyler. He is best friends with former", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10019675", "score": "0.96696043", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "History of General Hospital", "text": "by using Luke and Laura's son, Lucky (Jonathan Jackson), and his soon-to-be love interest Elizabeth Webber, played by Rebecca Herbst. Lucky finds Elizabeth, a victim of rape, beaten and bruised in a park in February 1998. He subsequently finds out from his newfound half-brother, Nikolas Cassadine (Tyler Christopher) that Luke had raped Laura. Pat Fili-Krushel, then President of Daytime Programming for ABC Daytime, explained, \"What we felt we should investigate is how, as the famous saying goes, the sins of the father are visited on the children.\" Head writer at the time Robert Guza, Jr. commented: Anthony Geary delivered a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9173625", "score": "0.9600568", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Christopher Sean", "text": "career due to his mixed ethnicity, saying \"I'm not Asian enough to play Asian roles and I'm not white enough to play white roles.\" He auditioned for ABC's daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\", where he admitted to screwing up the audition due to his lack of experience. Sean has made appearances on \"Hollywood Heights\", \"The Mindy Project\", and the web series \"The Lizzie Bennet Diaries\". In 2014, he began playing the recurring role of Gabriel Waincroft on CBS's \"Hawaii Five-0\". In October 2014, it was announced that Sean had joined the cast of \"Days of Our Lives\" as a contract", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19201103", "score": "0.9582535", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Rebecca Herbst", "text": "for the 33rd Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony. Herbst became a spokeswoman for Purpose Skincare in 2007. She participates in the Smile Train charity. Rebecca Herbst Rebecca Ann Herbst (born May 12, 1977) is an American actress, known for playing nurse Elizabeth Webber on the ABC Daytime drama \"General Hospital\", a role she originated on August 1, 1997, and Suzee, an alien, on the Nickelodeon show, \"Space Cases\". Herbst was born in Encino, California. She grew up with parents Debbie and Wayne, and has an older sister, Jennifer. She is not related to \"General Hospital\" co-star Rick Hearst (who portrays Ric", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4365846", "score": "0.9578625", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "General Hospital's 50th anniversary", "text": "1980s (portraying himself), returned as a choreographer for the ball. Regular character Sam Morgan, portrayed by Kelly Monaco, performed a dance number during the special with a character portrayed by Maksim Chmerkovskiy of \"Dancing with the Stars\". Originally, Valentini wanted to have Maksim's brother Val Chmerkovskiy appear on \"General Hospital\" to perform the number since he was Monaco's partner during her stint on \"Dancing with the Stars\", but his schedule would not permit it. For the first time the fictional charity gala was linked to a real non-profit devoted to HIV/AIDS research, amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, as part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17210964", "score": "0.95762545", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "Antigonon leptopus" ]

[ { "title": "Vitis arizonica", "text": "heart shape and generally grow to an average of 4 inches long/wide. Leaves exhibit irregular toothed edge. Green flower buds develop in clusters, and small flowers bloom in a whitish green hue. Globe or ovate shaped fruit are typically 1/3-3/8 in diameter; immature fruit is green in color, developing into a deep purple or black. Fruit are clustered on red pedicels. Vitis arizonica Vitis arizonica is a North American species of wild grape. It is a deciduous vine. Common names for the grape are Arizona grape, canyon grape, and uva del monte. \"Vitis\" is Latin for vine, while \"arizonica' means", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14557650", "score": "1.0164995", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Hoya kerrii", "text": "vined Hoya kerri at a reasonable price. Garden centres and large box stores often stock Hoya kerrii as a single leaf cutting. The cutting's heart shape makes it a popular purchase for Valentine's day. The leaf readily roots and remains a planted heart for many months if not years. These are largely considered novelty items as very few single leaf cuttings develop into mature plants. In order for a leaf cutting to sprout a vine, part of the stem and a node is required from the mother plant. Even if a stem and node are present, it can take several", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15539145", "score": "0.98785007", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Siraitia grosvenorii", "text": "Lee, who wrote an English report on it in 1975, and also to Tsunematsu Takemoto, who worked on it the early 1980s in Japan (later Takemoto decided to concentrate on the similar sweet plant, \"jiaogulan\"). The development of \"luo han guo\" products in China has continued ever since, focusing in particular on the development of concentrated extracts. The vine attains a length of 3 to 5 m, climbing over other plants by means of tendrils which twine around anything they touch. The narrow, heart-shaped leaves are 10–20 cm long. The fruit is round, 5–7 cm in diameter, smooth, yellow-brownish or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6472629", "score": "0.9861222", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Solanum laxum", "text": "Solanum laxum Solanum laxum, commonly known as potato vine, potato climber or jasmine nightshade, is an evergreen vine in the family Solanaceae. It is native to South America and commonly grown as an ornamental garden plant. The ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves are 30 to 50 mm long and 15 to 25 mm wide. The white or pale blue flowers appear in groups of around 20 in branched inflorescences, produced in profusion in the spring but also sporadically at other times of the year. These are followed by dark blue or black berries that are around 8 mm in diameter. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17013105", "score": "0.96081173", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Sarcopetalum harveyanum", "text": "Sarcopetalum harveyanum Sarcopetalum harveyanum, known as the pearl vine, is a common plant found mostly in coastal areas of eastern Australia. It can be found in or around rainforests, and is also seen in eucalyptus forests. The leaf stalk is attached under the surface of the leaf. The leaves are heart shaped with raised leaf veins on both surfaces of the leaf. Seven veins branch out from the leaf base (A mid rib and three pairs of veins). The inner pair of veins extend almost all the way up the leaf. Leaves are 4 to 12 cm long and 2", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13748999", "score": "0.95668817", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cucumeropsis mannii", "text": "Cucumeropsis mannii Cucumeropsis mannii is a species of melon native to tropical Africa west of the East African Rift, where it is grown for food and as a source of oil. Its common names include egusi in Yoruba and agushi in Hausa. In English it is known as Mann's cucumeropsis and white-seed melon. It produces climbing vines up to 4 meters long which are covered in stiff hairs. The heart-shaped or roughly palmate leaves are up to 12 centimeters long and 14 wide. It bears small yellow male and female flowers with petals under a centimeter in length. The fruit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11788887", "score": "0.94510067", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Müller-Thurgau", "text": "Müller-Thurgau Müller-Thurgau is a white grape variety (sp. \"Vitis vinifera\") which was created by Hermann Müller from the Swiss Canton of Thurgau in 1882. It is a crossing of Riesling with Madeleine Royale. It is used to make white wine in Germany, Austria, Northern Italy, Hungary, England, Australia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, New Zealand, the United States and Japan. There are around 42,000 hectares (104,000 acres) cultivated worldwide, which makes Müller-Thurgau the most widely planted of the so-called \"new breeds\" of grape varieties created since the late 19th century. Although plantings have decreased significantly since the 1980s, as of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3944460", "score": "0.94457746", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Solanum laxum", "text": "species is naturalised in Brisbane and Sydney in Australia. Solanum laxum Solanum laxum, commonly known as potato vine, potato climber or jasmine nightshade, is an evergreen vine in the family Solanaceae. It is native to South America and commonly grown as an ornamental garden plant. The ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves are 30 to 50 mm long and 15 to 25 mm wide. The white or pale blue flowers appear in groups of around 20 in branched inflorescences, produced in profusion in the spring but also sporadically at other times of the year. These are followed by dark blue or black", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17013106", "score": "0.94370747", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Pandorea jasminoides", "text": "Pandorea jasminoides Pandorea jasminoides, the bower of beauty, bower vine or bower plant, is a species of woody climbing vine in the family Bignoniaceae. It is native to New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. Growing to , it has compound, evergreen leaves, and in spring and summer produces trumpet-shaped flowers which are white or pale pink with a hairy, deep maroon throat, and fragrant. The petals may be 55mm long. It forms large pointed pods filled with papery seeds, and is easy to germinate, having two-lobed dicotyledons. It grows in USDA zones 9 and 10. It usually does not tolerate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7481663", "score": "0.9436822", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Antigonon leptopus", "text": "Antigonon leptopus is a fast-growing climbing vine that holds via tendrils, and is able to reach 25 ft or more in length. It has cordate (heart shaped), sometimes triangular leaves 2½ to 7½ cm long the flowers are borne in panicles, clusted along the rachis producing pink or white flowers from spring to autumn, it forms underground tubers and large rootstocks, it is a prolific seed producer, the seeds float on water, the fruit and seeds are eaten and spread by a wide range of animals such as pigs, raccoons and birds. The tubers will resprout if it is cut", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cardiospermum", "text": "Cardiospermum Cardiospermum is a genus of approximately 14 species in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which are native to the American, Indian, and African tropics. The genus name is derived from the Greek words καρδία, meaning \"heart,\" and σπέρμα, meaning \"seed.\" Common names of the members of this genus include Balloon Vine, Love in a Puff, Heartseed, and Heartseed Vine. These plants are classified as invasive species in parts of the Southern United States and South Africa. The genus \"Cardiospermum\" consists primarily of herbaceous vines, which are cultivated in warm regions as ornamental plants. Extractions of \"Cardiospermum\" seed are included in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13143546", "score": "0.94311196", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Cassytha filiformis", "text": "Cassytha filiformis Cassytha filiformis, common name love-vine, is a species of obligate parasitic vine in the family Lauraceae. The species has a native pantropical distribution encompassing the Americas, Indomalaya, Australasia, Polynesia and tropical Africa In the Caribbean region, it is one of several plants known as \"Love vine\" because it has a reputation as an aphrodisiac. \"Cassytha filiformis\" is a twining vine with an orange to pale green stem. Leaves are reduced to scales about 1 mm long. Flowers are borne in spikes or sometimes solitary. There are six tepals, each 0.1-2.0 mm long. Fruit is a drupe about 7", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16488433", "score": "0.93887734", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Dischidia ruscifolia", "text": "from cuttings and will survive a wide range of treatment from a gardener. Dischidia ruscifolia Dischidia ruscifolia, also known as Million Hearts, is an epiphytic plant native to the Philippines. This decorative plant comprises stiff, slender green shoots that grow to 3.3 feet in length before taking root at the tip and continuing, which are densely decorated in pairs of stiff, succulent, heart-shaped leaves; hence the name \"\"Million Hearts\"\". Many tiny white flowers appear on the internodes and remain for long periods of time. The plant looks graceful in a hanging pot, but is found in dense clumps and clusters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16951903", "score": "0.93841815", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Aptenia cordifolia", "text": "have creamy white edges and rarely on a white-flowering form. The plant is also used in the kitchen, mostly for decorative purposes or mixed with salad. The fleshy leaves have a sour taste. In addition, the locals of the region of origin use the plant for its anti-inflammatory properties. Aptenia cordifolia Aptenia cordifolia is a species of succulent plant in the iceplant family known by the common names heartleaf iceplant and baby sun rose. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word \"cor\" for heart (because of the heart-shaped leaves). A creeping plant that forms a carpet of flat-growing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12467378", "score": "0.9356859", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Muehlenbeckia complexa", "text": "Muehlenbeckia complexa Muehlenbeckia complexa, commonly known as maidenhair vine, creeping wire vine, lacy wire vine, angel vine, mattress vine, mattress wire weed, necklace vine, and wire vine, is an ornamental plant in the Polygonaceae family, which is native to New Zealand. It is quite vigorous and probably the best species for trimming and topiary. It is semi-deciduous, growing to 15 ft (4.5 m) or more up suitable supports, and produces swollen white berries with black seeds. This species can become quite weedy in suitable climates if not restrained. In its native environment it plays a key role sealing human and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9088493", "score": "0.932264", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Monstera deliciosa", "text": "leathery, glossy, heart-shaped leaves long by broad. Young plants have leaves that are smaller and entire with no lobes or holes, but soon produce lobed and fenestrate leaves as they grow. Although it can grow very tall in nature, it only measures between 2 and 3 metres when grown indoors. The leaves are large (up to 1 m long), heart-shaped and pinnate. The older the plant, the more the leaves are covered with large perforations which earned the name of \"swiss cheese plant\" in English. Wild seedlings grow towards the darkest area they can grow until they find a tree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3259224", "score": "0.9275274", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Viola lanceolata", "text": "It is a perennial plant that blooms between May and June. \"Viola lanceolata\" frequently hybridizes with northern white violet (\"Viola macloskeyi\") to form primrose-leaved violet (\"Viola primulifolia\"). It grows in similar habitats but has leaves intermediate between lance shaped and the typical heart-shaped violet leaves of northern white violet. The overall plant is tall and has narrow, lance-shaped leaves. These leaves are sometimes wider in the summer than in the spring and have generally smooth surfaces. Its stem is smooth and slender. Its flower contain 5 white pedals located at the top of the stalk. The bottom three petals typically", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16417752", "score": "0.92401326", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Thunbergia mysorensis", "text": "Thunbergia mysorensis Thunbergia mysorensis, also called Mysore trumpetvine or Indian clock vine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. A woody-stemmed evergreen, this vine is cultivated in Spain (south) and native to southern tropical India. The specific epithet \"mysorensis\" is derived from the city of Mysore. Other vernacular names include brick & butter vine, lady's slipper vine, and dolls' shoes due to the flower shape and large size. \"Thunbergia mysorensis\" often reaches and has long narrow medium green leaves. The dramatic and very large pendent hanging blossoms have individual flowers in a bold curved shaped. This is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8129426", "score": "0.92274976", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Stephania japonica", "text": "Stephania japonica Stephania japonica, known as snake vine, is a common scrambler often seen in sheltered areas near the sea. A dioecious vine without prickles. Greenish small flowers form on compound umbels, growing from the leaf axils in the warmer months. Inflorescences are 4 to 8 cm long. The fruit is an oval shaped, orange or red drupe, 2 to 5 mm long. A feature of this plant is the peltate leaves, (the stem is attached to the leaf, away from the leaf edge). A widespread vine seen as far south as Eden, New South Wales, north through Queensland. Also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15390992", "score": "0.9177324", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Zieria baeuerlenii", "text": "opposite pairs and are composed of three leaflets with the central one heart-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide with a stalk long. The other two leaflets are similar in shape but slightly smaller. Each leaflet has a velvety covering of hairs and has its edges rolled under. Masses of small pinkish-white flowers about in diameter are arranged in clusters of between three and seven in leaf axils. The clusters have a stalk up to and are longer than the leaves. Four large green, leaf-like bracts surround each flower cluster. The sepals are triangular, about long", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19910411", "score": "0.916457", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Metrosideros albiflora", "text": "Metrosideros albiflora Metrosideros albiflora, also known as large white rātā, Northland white rātā, akatea or simply white rātā, is a forest liane or vine endemic to New Zealand. It is one of three white flowering rātā vines (the others being white rātā and small white rātā). The name \"albiflora\" indeed literally means white flowered. Despite the similar names, large white rātā is distinguished by its much larger leaves and flowers. Its flowers are amongst the largest of any rātā, similar in size to both scarlet rātā and pōhutukawa. It occurs almost exclusively in Kauri forests from the northern Kaimai Ranges", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18482508", "score": "0.9128698", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Zieria covenyi", "text": "in opposite pairs and are composed of three leaflets with the central one heart-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide and with a petiole long. The leaflets are dark green with small oil glands on the upper surface and grey-green with soft hairs on the lower surface. White to pale pink flowers, in diameter are arranged in clusters of between 3 and 21 in leaf axils. The clusters are about the same length as the leaves. The sepals are triangular, about long and covered with soft hairs. The four petals are about long, overlap each other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19947259", "score": "0.91208124", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Aptenia cordifolia", "text": "Aptenia cordifolia Aptenia cordifolia is a species of succulent plant in the iceplant family known by the common names heartleaf iceplant and baby sun rose. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word \"cor\" for heart (because of the heart-shaped leaves). A creeping plant that forms a carpet of flat-growing perennial herbs in groups on the ground from a base, it is sometimes referred to as the heart-leaved aptenia or heart-leaved midday flower because, like many other representatives of the Aizoaceae, it opens its flowers only during the sunshine of the day. Perhaps the most common plant seen under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12467372", "score": "0.9094745", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Hearts", "text": "Hearts Hearts is an \"evasion-type\" trick-taking playing card game for four players, although variations can accommodate between three and six players. The game is also known as Black Lady, Black Maria, Black Widow, and Slippery Bitch, though any of these may refer to the similar but differently-scored game Black Lady. The game is a member of the Whist family of trick-taking games (which also includes Bridge and Spades), but the game is unique among Whist variants in that it is an evasion-type game; players avoid winning certain penalty cards in tricks, usually by avoiding winning tricks altogether. The game of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "180541", "score": "0.9089875", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Cuscuta gronovii", "text": "Cuscuta gronovii Cuscuta gronovii is a yellow vine that grows as a parasite off other plants. It is a dicot. \"Cuscuta gronovii\" belongs to the family Convolvuaceae, including the morning glories, comprising about 200 species. It is a parasitic annual vine that infects host plants in a parasitic relationship. Its stems appear orange-yellow in color. The vine can grow up to a length of one meter or more, entangling itself around the host plant. Although it appears to be leafless, it has tiny, alternate, scale-like leaves. The vine produces white flowers with bell-shaped, five-lobed corollas, and sepals united at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20468184", "score": "0.90809387", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Clematis flammula", "text": "Clematis flammula Clematis flammula is a temperate liana known by the common name fragrant virgin's bower. It is native to southern Europe and northern Africa, but it is cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant in gardens. The woody vine bears fragrant white flowers and small green achenes. When the flowers are newly opened they have a strong sweet almond fragrance. The vine grows in a tangled mass that is heavily sprinkled with flowers throughout the warmer months. It is popular with gardeners as a decoration along fences and trellises, or as ground cover. If the vine has no other plants", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5949250", "score": "0.9070326", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Black and White Heart", "text": "Black and White Heart Black and White Heart is the debut studio album recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Andee, released May 26, 2015 through Universal Music Canada. Primarily an English language album, the deluxe edition includes four tracks recorded in French to reflect Andee's heritage as a French Canadian. Musically, the album incorporates elements of pop, rock, and soul. Sébastien Lefebvre, best known as a member of Simple Plan, produced the album and also co-wrote nine of the thirteen songs; Andee is credited as a writer (under her birth name Andrée-Anne Leclerc) on eight tracks. The album received generally positive reviews", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18856096", "score": "0.9065825", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Kennedia coccinea", "text": "Kennedia coccinea Kennedia coccinea (coral vine) is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low growing trailing shrub or climber which has twining rust-coloured branchlets with rounded leaflets that are about 1.5 cm long and occur in threes. Orange red or scarlet pea flowers are produced in clusters between August and November in its native range. The species was formally described in 1804 by French botanist Étienne Pierre Ventenat in \"Jardin de la Malmaison\". Two varieties were described in \"Paxton's Magazine of Botany\" in 1835, namely var. \"elegans\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12506166", "score": "0.9056437", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Heart of palm", "text": "Heart of palm Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees (notably coconut (\"Cocos nucifera\"), juçara (\"Euterpe edulis\"), Açaí palm (\"Euterpe oleracea\"), palmetto (\"Sabal\" spp.), and peach palm. Harvesting of many uncultivated or wild single-stemmed palms results in palm tree death (e.g. \"Geonoma edulis\"). However, other palm species are clonal or multi-stemmed plants (e.g. \"Prestoea acuminata\", \"Euterpe oleracea\") and moderate harvesting will not kill the entire clonal palm. Heart of palm may be eaten on its own, and often it is eaten in a salad. An alternative to wild heart", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4472476", "score": "0.9034265", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Claytonia cordifolia", "text": "a pair of oval-shaped leaves at a midpoint on the stem. The stalked inflorescence bears up to 12 small flowers with five white petals each about a centimeter long. Claytonia cordifolia Claytonia cordifolia is a species of wildflower in the Montiaceae family known by the common name heartleaf springbeauty. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Utah, where it grows in shallow lakes and in streams or springs and wetlands including bogs and fens according to Miller and Chambers (2006). It is a perennial herb growing from a long, budding rhizome and producing an erect stem", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13192013", "score": "0.9030335", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "1,000", "more than 1,000" ]

[ { "title": "Wings Across America 2008", "text": "help promote the sport/hobby of radio controlled flying. When Frank discussed this project with some of his friends, it was received with such enthusiasm that the project was born of this energy. All that was needed was to find hundreds of RC pilots across the US in every state willing to fly the plane at their home field and then drive to the next pilot, thus forming a nationwide network of pilots who would fly across America. Frank used the internet RC forums and emailed Academy of Model Aeronautics chartered clubs in search of volunteers willing to help the project", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14091941", "score": "1.0263965", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Wing (military aviation unit)", "text": "three basic types of wings: operational, air base, and specialized mission. According to Air Force Instruction 38-101 (1994): In the Civil Air Patrol, there are 52 wings (each of the 50 states plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico). Each wing supervises the individual groups and squadrons in that state, district or commonwealth, which are the basic operational units of the organization. Some wings, for example Delaware Wing, have only one group due to the small geographical and manpower size of the wing. The United States Navy follows the British structure in that a Wing is an administrative formation commanding two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992608", "score": "0.9980527", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Wings Across America 2008", "text": "come to fruition. In only 5 weeks from inception, 230 pilots had joined, representing all 48 continental United States. This type of project had been attempted before. What sets this project apart from all the others ever attempted or completed was that the pilots hand delivered the plane from pilot to pilot; the plane was never shipped by mail to its next destination. In this way a \"chain\" was created of pilots that personally flew the model, then handed it off to the next pilot, all across the continental United States. In the end, the model airplane flew in all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14091942", "score": "0.9758631", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Wing (military aviation unit)", "text": "Helicopter Squadron, based at Patricia Bay near CFB Esquimalt in British Columbia, on the other side of the country from Shearwater). By comparison, in the United States Air Force, a wing is normally the organizational tier below a Numbered Air Force. Most USAF wings are commanded by a Colonel, but some are commanded by Brigadier Generals. USAF wings are structured to fulfill a mission from a specific base, and contain a headquarters and four groups: an operations group, a maintenance group, a medical group and a mission support group. Such a wing is referred to as a Combat Wing Organization,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992603", "score": "0.9682361", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Air route authority between the United States and China", "text": "countries and the strict limits on number of flights, the application process is competitive. US airlines have sought to gain support from local politicians and the general public to influence the US government into awarding routes. In 2006, there were 10 non-stop flights between the two countries 2 million passenger trips per year. As of 2013, there were 28 non-stop routes (not including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan), operated by three major US carriers, United, American and Delta, and four Chinese carriers, Air China, China Eastern, China Southern and Hainan Airlines. As of 2018, there are 61 non-stop routes (not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10630644", "score": "0.96176153", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Wing (military aviation unit)", "text": "Wing (military aviation unit) In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command. In most military aviation services, a wing is a relatively large formation of planes. In Commonwealth countries a wing usually comprises three squadrons, with several wings forming a group (around 10 squadrons). Each squadron will contain around 20 planes. On its establishment in 1912, the British Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was intended to be an inter-service, combined force of the British Army and Royal Navy. Given the rivalry that existed between the army and navy, new terminology was used, in order to avoid marking the corps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992596", "score": "0.95484924", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Breeding bird survey", "text": "2000 routes had been established across southern Canada and 48 American states. As more birders were finding out about this program, the activity of BBS kept on increasing. In the 1980s, Breeding Bird Survey included areas such as Yukon, Northwest Territories of Canada and Alaska. Moreover, the number of routes placed in a number of states has had increased. Nowadays, BBS counts approximately 3700 active routes in the United States and Canada. From all the BBS routes, approximately 2900 are surveyed on a regular basis, each year. The density of the routes varies greatly across the continent and the largest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3842107", "score": "0.95370424", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Red Wing station", "text": "Red Wing station Red Wing is a train station in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, served by Amtrak's (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) \"Empire Builder\", which runs daily between Chicago, Illinois and Seattle, Washington or Portland, Oregon. The next westbound stop is in Saint Paul, Minnesota and the next eastbound stop is in Winona, Minnesota. The station is located at 420 Levee Street on the bank of the Mississippi River, south of the Levee Park and just across the river from Wisconsin. (Although the river lies northwest of the station, the depot is located on the west bank of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9869271", "score": "0.9383366", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Wings Across America 2008", "text": "or call 800-435-9262) The following sites published articles on the WAA-08 Wings Across America adventure \"Jackson Herald\" newspaper, Ripley, WV December 30, 2008 \"Columbia WLTX\" TV & newspaper, Columbia, SC March 12, 2009 \"Joplin Globe\" newspaper, Joplin, MO August 7, 2009 \"Backyard Flyer\" magazine, June 28, 2009 \"FlyRC\" magazine\" July 2010 issue #80 Wings Across America 2008 Wings Across America 2008 (WAA-08) was a group of model airplane enthusiasts that flew a battery-powered radio-controlled aircraft (RC), designated as a park flyer, in all 48 contiguous United States with hopes to make all 50, if Alaska and Hawaii could be reached.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14091947", "score": "0.9376172", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Wingstop", "text": "Wingstop Restaurants, Inc. is a chain of nostalgic, aviation-themed restaurants where the sole focus is on chicken wings. Wingstop locations are decorated following a 1930s and 1940s \"pre-jet\" aviation theme. The restaurant chain was founded in 1994 in Garland, Texas, and began offering franchises in 1998. Since then, Wingstop has grown into a chain with more than 1,000 restaurants either open or in development. The chain is headquartered in Dallas, Texas.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Wings Across America 2008", "text": "Wings Across America 2008 Wings Across America 2008 (WAA-08) was a group of model airplane enthusiasts that flew a battery-powered radio-controlled aircraft (RC), designated as a park flyer, in all 48 contiguous United States with hopes to make all 50, if Alaska and Hawaii could be reached. A park flyer is a small radio-controlled plane typically flown in a field such as a local park or soccer field. Wings Across America 2008 (WAA-08) was the creation of Frank Geisler of Gloucester, Virginia. Frank is an avid RC pilot, USAF veteran and AMA contest director who volunteers his free time to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14091940", "score": "0.9348629", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Wings Airways", "text": "of the few commuter airlines in the U.S. to operate the Trislander in scheduled passenger service. United States: See timetables at http://www.airtimes.com/cgat/usc/wings.htm Wings Airways Wings Airways was a commuter airline based out of Wings Field in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania. The airline focused primarily on shuttling passengers to nearby airports throughout the region. Wings Airways promised faster commute times to and from major airports for those living in neighboring suburban areas of Philadelphia. The primary route served by the air carrier was the short hop between Wings Field (BBX) in Blue Bell and the Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) which was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14123269", "score": "0.9274534", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Wingstop", "text": "2010. The menu consists of wings, boneless wings, and chicken strips, with a variety of dips and sides. As of June 2018, Wingstop has locations in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates. Wingstop's first location opened in 1994, in Garland, TX. The founders, Antonio Swad and Bernadette Fiaschetti, had already opened Pizza Patrón in 1986, when they were dating. Wingstop Wingstop Inc. is a chain of nostalgic, aviation-themed restaurants specializing in chicken wings. Wingstop locations are decorated following a 1930s and 1940s \"pre-jet\" aviation theme. The restaurant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7826182", "score": "0.92020804", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Latin American Wings", "text": "10, facing the inability to use Jorge Chávez International Airport as a technical stop effective March 15, LAW announced that it was suspending operations. At the time that operations were suspended, LAW flew to the following destinations: When operations were suspended, the Latin American Wings consisted of the following aircraft: Latin American Wings Latin American Wings (LAW) was a short-lived scheduled charter airline based at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. At the time that operations were suspended, LAW flew to six destinations using Boeing 737-300 aircraft. LAW was founded by a group of lawyers; executives in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19276532", "score": "0.9141491", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Wing (military aviation unit)", "text": "which is comparable to a brigade in the US Army. Other wings, such as Air Expeditionary Wings, exist for various other purposes, and their scope may extend to one base, one theater or worldwide. In United States Air Force usage, a military organization above a squadron level (group, wing, air division, numbered air force, air component command, Major Command (MAJCOM)) is an \"establishment\", while that of a squadron and lower (squadron, flight, detachment) is a \"unit\". \"The U.S. Army Air Service/U.S. Army Air Corps/U.S. Army Air Forces wings that existed before 1947 are not comparable with the wings of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992604", "score": "0.9063262", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Los Angeles International Airport", "text": "by passenger boardings in the United States, based on final 2013 statistics. In terms of international passengers, the second busiest airport for international traffic in the United states, behind only JFK in New York City. The number of aircraft operations (landings and takeoffs) has steadily increased to 636,706 in 2014, up from 614,917 in 2013, according to the Federal Aviation Administration. The Airports Council International places LAX at third most aircraft movements in the world, as of 2013. Shuttles operate to and from the terminals, providing frequent service for connecting passengers. However, connecting passengers who use these shuttles must leave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "249436", "score": "0.8991236", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Breeding bird survey", "text": "number of routes can be found in New England and Mid-Atlantic states, in which there are more skilled birders to study the behavior of birds. Many bird watchers participate in these surveys as they find the experience rewarding. Currently, the BBS is planned to be expanded to parts of central and western North America as well as northern Mexico. The surveys conducted by BBS take place during the peak of the nesting season, June, or May in countries with warmer temperatures. The BBS routes are 24.5 miles long and there are 50 stops at every 0.5 mile along the route.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3842108", "score": "0.8986176", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Wings Airways", "text": "BBX and PHL with up to 22 round trip flights on weekdays. However, the airline then shutdown during the early 1990s due to the construction of Interstate 476 and other highways and freeways in the greater Philadelphia area, which made it easier for those living in the suburbs to access Philadelphia International Airport. According to a publication by 2004 newsletter from Wings Field, there were 152 operations a day at Wings Field (55,540 for the year) during the airline's peak in 1990. All three of the above aircraft types featured short takeoff and landing (STOL) performance. Wings Airways was one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14123268", "score": "0.89808595", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "McAllen Miller International Airport", "text": "Fokker 100 twin jets. In 2007, American was operating up to four non-stops a day to Dallas/Fort Worth with all flights being operated with MD-80s. At this same time, the airline was also operating direct, one stop MD-80 service to Atlanta (ATL), El Paso (ELP), Oakland, CA (OAK) and Raleigh/Durham (RDU). American and its regional affiliate American Eagle continue to serve the airport at the present time. Trans World Airlines (TWA) also served McAllen. In 2001, TWA was operating McDonnell Douglas MD-80 service non-stop to Austin (AUS) with continuing, direct one stop service to its St. Louis (STL) hub. By", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2043122", "score": "0.8974941", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Structure of the United States Air Force", "text": "size does not warrant wing-level designation). As of 30 September 2006, USAF had 17 independent groups, nine of them flying establishments. A Squadron is considered to be the basic unit in the USAF. Squadrons are usually made up of two flights, a few hundred people, and eight to 24 aircraft. A squadron is commanded by a captain to lieutenant colonel, though Lieutenant Colonel is the most common. Number digits apply; 1 -100, 301 – 999 series for Air Force and Air Force Reserve squadrons (i.e. 10th Fighter Squadron), and 101 – 299 series for Air National Guard (i.e. 188th Fighter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9742459", "score": "0.897375", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Wings of Hope (charity)", "text": "flights, accommodating both patients and caregivers. In addition to the United States, Wings of Hope conducts operations in the following countries: The following are members of the organization's Honorary Council. The following are various forms of awards and accolades. Wings of Hope (charity) Wings of Hope is an aviation nonprofit organization which helps communities worldwide become more self-sufficient through improved health, education, economic opportunity, and food security. It was founded in 1962 in St. Louis, Missouri, and currently conducts operations in 11 countries, including the United States. The organization was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 and 2012,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13457114", "score": "0.8972038", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Girl Scouts of the USA", "text": "Wing Scout program was a Senior Girl Scout program for girls interested in flying and wanting to serve their country that started in 1941 and ended in the 1970s. In July 1942, 29 troop leaders from 15 states met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to take Wing Scout leadership training. They returned to their councils and began setting up Wing Scout troops. In 1959, the Girl Scout council in North San Mateo County, California, was presented with an offer from United Airlines San Francisco Management Club President J. L. Burnside to start an aviation program for Senior Girl Scouts. One of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2014461", "score": "0.89556086", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tin Wing stop", "text": "Tin Wing stop Tin Wing Stop () is an MTR Light Rail stop. It is located at ground level at the centre of Tin Wing Road, Tin Shing Road, and Tin Yan Road in Tin Shui Wai Town Centre, Yuen Long District. It began service on 26 March 1995 and belongs to Zone 4. It was originally named \"Tin Shui Wai Terminus\" (). Later, to avoid confusion with Tin Shui Wai station () on the KCRC West Rail (now MTR West Rail Line), its name was changed to \"Tin Wing\" in 2003 due to nearby Tin Wing Road. In July", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12901659", "score": "0.89491445", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Wing Zone", "text": "Wing Zone Wing Zone is an Atlanta-based American restaurant chain that specializes in deep-fried food products; especially buffalo wings. There are roughly \\80 Wing Zone locations in 25 American states, usually in urban areas. Wing Zone has been featured on The Food Network's \"Roker on the Road\", \"Entrepreneur Magazine\" and others. Wing Zone has also won many awards, such as \"National Festival Favorite\" at the 2004 National Buffalo Wing Festival. Wing Zone offers both take-out and delivery. The Wing Zone was founded in 1991 by Matt Friedman and Adam Scott, then two students at the University of Florida. The two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9993285", "score": "0.8941859", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Wings of a Continent", "text": "far-flung industries and military stations, is significant. They are the link between the continents flying the great ocean clipper routes across the Atlantic and the Pacific. Canada's air services also serve to unite the battle front in Europe and the battle front in the Pacific. Planning for a postwar world, Canada's airlines are well fitted to take advantage of the wartime supply routes that were established across the globe. \"Wings of a Continent\" was part of the \"Canada Carries On\" series, produced with financial backing from the Wartime Information Board, and was released shortly after the United States went to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19296997", "score": "0.8941463", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Boeing Pelican", "text": "and they fold about 90 degrees to reduce clearance amounts during taxiing and ground operations. At the ends of the folding wing sections, wingtips droop below the rest of the aircraft by up to when the larger folding wing and the wingtip are in their normal positions. To avoid ground or water contact, the wingtips are hinged for active rotation, as the rotational axis is perpendicular to the direction of flight but not necessarily parallel to the ground. If a wingtip accidentally touches the ground or water, it minimizes the contact by passively swiveling upward and backward, with the clock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5107698", "score": "0.89130837", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Wings of Alaska", "text": "Wings of Alaska Wings of Alaska was an American scheduled and charter airline company based in Juneau in the U.S. state of Alaska. Wings of Alaska was set up in 1982, to provide scheduled, chartered and freight flights services to many of the communities across Southeast, Alaska. Wings of Alaska was one of 7 airlines in Alaska with the Medallion Foundation Shield, which has strict safety & operational guidelines that exceed the Federal Aviation Regulations. Wings is the only scheduled land-based airline in Southeast Alaska to have earned this Shield. Wings fleet is also equipped with state-of-the-art Chelton Flight Systems", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5627629", "score": "0.89075434", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Wing (military aviation unit)", "text": "modern Royal Canadian Air Force is an example of a Commonwealth air force which does not follow British usage. The size of a wing (base) follows US usage (see below); it varies greatly and may comprise personnel numbering in the thousands. In the 1990s, the Canadian Forces Air Command (the post-1968 RCAF until 2011) altered the structure of those bases under its control, declaring them to be Wings under the overall control of 1 Canadian Air Division in Winnipeg. For instance, CFB Trenton in Ontario was redesignated 8 Wing Trenton. The base commander of these bases (as well as other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992601", "score": "0.8904878", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Wings of Alaska", "text": "unfavorable weather conditions.Mechanical failure was not a factor in the crash. Wings of Alaska Wings of Alaska was an American scheduled and charter airline company based in Juneau in the U.S. state of Alaska. Wings of Alaska was set up in 1982, to provide scheduled, chartered and freight flights services to many of the communities across Southeast, Alaska. Wings of Alaska was one of 7 airlines in Alaska with the Medallion Foundation Shield, which has strict safety & operational guidelines that exceed the Federal Aviation Regulations. Wings is the only scheduled land-based airline in Southeast Alaska to have earned this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5627632", "score": "0.88984823", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "WING", "text": "WING WING \"ESPN 1410\" is a commercial AM radio station in Dayton, Ohio operating with 5,000 watts at 1410 kHz with studios, offices and transmitter located on David Road in Kettering. It is the first (and oldest) full-time commercial radio station in Dayton. It is currently a local affiliate for ESPN Radio and the Ohio State IMG Sports Network, but is best known and remembered as Dayton's first Top 40-formatted station. WING was founded on May 24, 1921 under the original call sign WXAX with only 5 watts of power but changed to WDBS (for Dayton Broadcasting Service, its original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9445817", "score": "0.8897725", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Gladys Knight" ]

[ { "title": "Licence to Kill (song)", "text": "79 on Canada's \"RPM\" Top Singles chart. 7\" Single A - \"Licence to Kill\" - 4:11 B - \"Pam\" - 3:50 (performed by Michael Kamen & The National Philharmonic Orchestra) 12\" Single A - \"Licence to Kill\" (Extended Version) - 5:13 B1 - \"Pam\" - 3:50 (performed by Michael Kamen & The National Philharmonic Orchestra) B2 - \"Licence to Kill\" - 4:11 In 2017, musician and producer Fernando Perdomo collaborated with former Pink Floyd backing vocalist and Blue Pearl lead singer, Durga McBroom, recording the song for the multi-artist compilation album, \"Songs, Bond Songs: The Music Of 007\". Licence to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19799365", "score": "1.167471", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Licence to Kill", "text": "seen as an homage to the film of the same name, which required royalty payments to the original writers. The song gave Knight her first British top-ten hit since 1977. The end credits feature the Top 10 R&B hit \"If You Asked Me To\", sung by Patti LaBelle. John Barry was not available at the time due to throat surgery, so the soundtrack's score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen, who was known for scoring many action films at the time, such as \"Lethal Weapon\" and \"Die Hard\". Glen said he picked Kamen, feeling he could give \"the closest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2585421", "score": "1.1655116", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack)", "text": "of \"Licence to Kill\" was directed by Daniel Kleinman, who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, \"GoldenEye\". All the instrumental tracks are amalgams of various sequences and musical cues from the film rather than straight score excerpts. The end credits of the film feature the song \"If You Asked Me To\" sung by Patti LaBelle. Though the song was a top ten R&B charter and a minor pop hit for LaBelle, in 1992, the song was covered by and became a much bigger hit for singer Céline Dion. The track", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10561205", "score": "1.1372186", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack)", "text": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack) The soundtrack to Licence to Kill, the 16th James Bond film of the same name, was released by MCA Records in 1989. Because the usual James Bond composer John Barry (who had scored almost every film from \"From Russia with Love\" onwards) was not available at the time as he was undergoing throat surgery, the soundtrack's more upbeat and suspenseful score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen. Initially Eric Clapton and Vic Flick were asked to write and perform the theme song to \"Licence to Kill\". The theme was said to have been a new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10561203", "score": "1.1213446", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Licensed to Kill (1965 film)", "text": "had great financial success after cheaply purchasing an Italian film called \"Hercules\" and releasing it in America with a massive publicity campaign, and decided to do the same with \"Licensed to Kill\". However, the American release reedited the film by having the opening assassination performed by a Mum pulling a Sten gun out of her pram of twins changing to a pre-credit scene. Levine engaged songwriters Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen to write a title song performed by Sammy Davis Jr and arranged and conducted by Claus Ogerman over the credits with the new title. The American release then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11550745", "score": "1.074933", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Licence to Kill", "text": "with Carey Lowell reprising her role by providing the voice for the character. Licence to Kill Licence to Kill is a 1989 British spy film, the sixteenth in the \"James Bond\" film series produced by Eon Productions, and the last to star Timothy Dalton in the role of the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is the first one not to use the title of an Ian Fleming story. It is also the fifth and final consecutive Bond film to be directed by John Glen. The story has elements of two Ian Fleming short stories and a novel, interwoven with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2585441", "score": "1.0637093", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Branded to Kill", "text": "Compact Disc through its \"Cine Jazz\" series, which focused on 1960s Nikkatsu action films. The music was culled from Naozumi Yamamoto's score. Atsushi Yamatoya wrote the lyrics for the \"Killing Blues\" themes. Listings 27 through 29 are bonus karaoke tracks. Branded to Kill The studio was unhappy with the original script and called in Suzuki to rewrite and direct it at the last minute. Suzuki came up with many of his ideas the night before or on the set while filming, and welcomed ideas from his collaborators. He gave the film a satirical, anarchic and visually eclectic bent which the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2666224", "score": "1.0283153", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "James Bond music", "text": "Was a Man,\" composed by John Barry with Chrissie Hynde. \"Licence to Kill\" has \"If You Asked Me To\" sung by Patti Labelle. \"GoldenEye\" featured Éric Serra's \"The Experience of Love\". \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" included k.d. lang's \"Surrender\" during the closing credits, a song which was originally proposed by composer David Arnold to be the title sequence theme instead of the Sheryl Crow title song. The \"Surrender\" theme is heard throughout the score while the melody of Sheryl Crow's song is not used again during the film. This hearkens back to the \"Thunderball\" soundtrack, where \"Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4283809", "score": "1.0226804", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "James Bond in film", "text": "and Stephano's House 707 South Street for his house and patio. The US Coast Guard Pier was used to film Isthmus City harbour. John Barry was not available to score the film because of throat surgery, so the soundtrack's score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen, who was known for scoring many action films at the time, such as \"Lethal Weapon\" and \"Die Hard\". The film's darker and more violent plot elicited calls for cuts by the British Board of Film Classification. \"Licence to Kill\" marked the end of the involvement for a number of long-term crew members, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9748495", "score": "1.016316", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack)", "text": "The prospect, however, fell apart and Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen, later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff, based on the \"horn line\" from Goldfinger, which required royalty payments to the original writers. At five-minutes twelve seconds it is the longest Bond theme. The music video of \"Licence to Kill\" was directed by Daniel Kleinman, who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, GoldenEye.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Licensed to Kill (1965 film)", "text": "Licensed to Kill (1965 film) Licensed to Kill is an Eastmancolor 1965 superspy imitation James Bond film starring Tom Adams as British secret agent Charles Vine. It was directed and co-written by Lindsay Shonteff. Producer Joseph E. Levine picked it up for American and worldwide distribution and reedited it under the title The Second Best Secret Agent in the Whole Wide World. The theme song for the American version, composed by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen and performed by Sammy Davis, Jr., is used in the 2011 film drama \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\". Facing numerous assassination attempts, a Swedish", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11550743", "score": "1.0092016", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "License to Kill (1984 film)", "text": "License to Kill (1984 film) License to Kill is a 1984 television film directed by Jud Taylor. It stars James Farentino and Penny Fuller. It was released on DVD in 2008 by Echo Bridge Home Entertainment. John and Judith Peterson's world is shattered when their daughter Lynne is killed by a drunk driver the very same day she graduated from high school and received an award for safe driving. John becomes obsessed with seeing Tom Fiske, the arrogant businessman who caused the accident and who shows no remorse, punished for his crime. Fiske hires a crafty defense attorney who delays", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15905948", "score": "1.0014164", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sora Amamiya", "text": "the anime television series \"Akame ga Kill\" which premiered in July 2014. She made her official music debut for Music Ray'n by performing \"Akame ga Kill\"s opening theme \"Skyreach\". In late 2014, Amamiya, Asakura, and Natsukawa formed the music unit TrySail, which released its first single \"Youthful Dreamer\", used as the opening theme to the anime television series \"Ultimate Otaku Teacher\", on May 13, 2015. Amamiya, together with Reina Ueda and Aya Suzaki, received the Best New Actress award at the 9th Seiyu Awards in March 2015. Sora Amamiya While a sophomore in high school, Amamiya was introduced to a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17814629", "score": "0.9957613", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Miku Sawai", "text": "la Kill\"; the single peaked at 37 on the Oricon weekly charts. She released the single on August 13, 2014, whose title track is used as the first ending theme to the anime television series \"Akame ga Kill!\". She released the single on January 28, 2015; the title track is used as the ending theme to the anime television series \"\". On March 25, 2015, she released her second album. Later,on March 2, 2016, she released the single \"WAKE ME UP\"; the title song was used as theme song for \"SUGOI JAPAN Award 2016\", while the second track of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19614750", "score": "0.9888184", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Licence to Kill (soundtrack)", "text": "\"Wedding Party\", used during the wedding of Felix Leiter to Della Churchill, makes reference to the track \"Jump Up\" from the first Bond film, \"Dr. No\". Licence to Kill (soundtrack) The soundtrack to Licence to Kill, the 16th James Bond film of the same name, was released by MCA Records in 1989. Because the usual James Bond composer John Barry (who had scored almost every film from \"From Russia with Love\" onwards) was not available at the time as he was undergoing throat surgery, the soundtrack's more upbeat and suspenseful score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen. Initially Eric", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10561206", "score": "0.985418", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tim Feehan", "text": "(\"Never\" Heart), and Marc Jordan (\"Rhythm of My Heart\" Rod Stewart). Musicians included \"American Idol\" judge Randy Jackson of Journey, Steve Lukather (Toto), Timothy B. Schmit (Eagles), and Richard Marx. During the down time, Tim sang and produced \"Dirty Love\" which appeared in the James Bond film \"Licence to Kill\" and performed on both the \"\" theme and the Dionne Warwick gold album \"Reservations for Two\". Feehan wrote \"Heart in Pieces\" for the million selling album \"Chicago 19\" and performed in the video Stop the Madness alongside Whitney Houston for the Nancy Reagan anti-drug campaign \"Just Say No\". In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9470590", "score": "0.9758908", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Kill la Kill", "text": "part of the ninth volume on September 3, 2014. The series was released in five BD/DVD volumes in North America. The first volume was released on July 15, 2014, in limited edition BD/DVD combo packs including soundtrack CDs, as well as standard Blu-ray Disc and DVD releases. At Anime Expo 2014 held in Los Angeles, Aniplex premiered the first English dub episode, and hosted a performance by theme song singer Eir Aoi, and a panel with script writer Kazuki Nakashima, director Sushio, producer Yosuke Toba, and voice actresses Ami Koshimizu and Ryoka Yuzuki. The series is licensed in the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17286218", "score": "0.96575296", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Drive Alive", "text": "Everything\", was written and composed by the duo FLYING GRIND, which is made up of Kengo Otani and Naoki Utsugi. \"Drive Alive\" was used as the theme song for the television show \"Uta Sutaa!!\" (歌スタ!! / \"Star Singer!!\") during the month of March. \"Drive Alive\" was written by Kenji Ijima and Daisuke Kahara, while the music was performed by Y.T.H. Daisuke is known for his work with singer Kokia, whereas he wrote much of the music for her \"Uta ga Chikara\" album. \"Get Dizzy!\" was written and composed by Seiji Motoyama, who has worked with the likes of South Korean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20623568", "score": "0.96269274", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Kill la Kill", "text": "by Sayonara Ponytail , though an extended version of the original ending theme returns for the last portion of episode 24. Aoi's song \"Sanbika\" was used as an insert song to accompany climactic events in episodes 3, 7, 11 and 23. The first soundtrack album was published on December 25, 2013. Aniplex USA also released the CD on January 17, 2014. It features 18 tracks, including six vocal songs performed in English and German. The background music tracks feature titles that are typographical variants of \"Kill la Kill\". The second soundtrack album was released in Japan as part of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17286221", "score": "0.96069896", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mika Horiuchi", "text": "Stephen Krypel. They released 2 singles in 2013 titled \"Born To Hate You\" and \"Hell To Pay\", the latter of which was produced by Faviere. The band later disbanded, and \"Born To Hate You\" ended up being the last song on Joel Faviere's latest release \"Dark Days\". Mika Horiuchi Mika Horiuchi (born April 22, 1986) is a Japanese-American musician. He is known as the bassist for the bands Cellador, Falling in Reverse, and Rob the Cartel. He is currently the bassist for the band NOISE. In mid-2008, Horiuchi released his own clothing line titled Aizou Clothing. Mika Kazuo Horiuchi was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10476016", "score": "0.9579051", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Malice (American band)", "text": "the midst of a label bidding war. Eventually, the band signed with Atlantic Records in the summer of 1984 and released their debut album, \"In The Beginning...\", in 1985. It consisted of songs the band had cut with Wagener and material recorded with Ashley Howe producing. Malice teamed up with producer Max Norman for their sophomore album, \"License to Kill\", released in 1987. Dave Mustaine and Dave Ellefson of Megadeth and Black 'n Blue's Jaime St. James, Tommy Thayer and Jeff Warner provided backing vocals on two songs, \"License to Kill\" and \"Chain Gang Woman.\" The band toured with Alice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10483566", "score": "0.9542661", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Kill Bill: Volume 1", "text": "her next target. Instrumental tracks from Japanese guitarist Tomoyasu Hotei figure prominently, and after the success of \"Kill Bill\" they were frequently used in American TV commercials and at sporting events. As the Bride enters \"The House of Blue Leaves\", go-go group the 5,6,7,8's perform \"I Walk Like Jayne Mansfield,\" \"I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)\" and \"Woo Hoo\". The connection to \"Lady Snowblood \"is further established by the use of \"The Flower of Carnage\" the closing theme from that film. James Last's \"The Lonely Shepherd\" by pan flute virtuoso Gheorghe Zamfir plays over the closing credits. \"Kill Bill: Volume 1\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2038608", "score": "0.9540119", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mike Castonguay", "text": "of the song Cherish for the Kool & The Gang tribute album The Hits: Reloaded. In 2005, Mike and former Natural member Michael Johnson formed the band Lukewarm Freeda. Mike was the lead singer and the guitarist for the band. In 2006, Mike played bass in the band In For The Kill featuring Bill Gaal from the band Nothingface. From 2006 to 2009 Mike played bass for Evan Taubenfeld as a member of his band The Blacklist Club (Sire/Warner Bros.). The band also featured Devin Bronson and Isaac Carpenter. Mike played bass on Evan's debut album \"Welcome to the Blacklist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16034367", "score": "0.95346975", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Kill (Mell song)", "text": "(GNCV-0012) and a limited CD+DVD edition (GNCV-0011) which will contain the PV for KILL. Kill (Mell song) KILL is the 4th single of I've Sound singer, Mell. It is released on November 19, 2008, a year and almost two months after the release of her 3rd single. The title track will be used as the opening theme for Mamoru Oshii's live-action film entitled while the B-side song On my own will be used as the ending theme for the same film. Since this single only reached #37 in the Oricon weekly charts and only charted for two weeks, this is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13462955", "score": "0.9522277", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Renée Geyer", "text": "of a loser\" as much of the material was not up to her usual standard. She toured Australia promoting it but neither the album nor its two singles achieved top 50 chart success. Geyer's June 1979 release, \"Blues License\", is unique in her catalogue as she combined with Australian guitarist Kevin Borich and his band Express to record an album of straight blues material. The added fire in her vocals was sparked by the harder edged backing from Kevin Borich Express, Logan, Punch, Tim Piper (guitar; ex-Chain, Blackfeather), and Kerrie Biddell (backing vocals; Brian Cadd band), it reached the top", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3489861", "score": "0.9504181", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Live and Let Die (film)", "text": "David Hedison as Felix Leiter, who reprised the role in \"Licence to Kill\". Hedison had said \"I was sure that would be my first and last\", before being cast again. Madeline Smith, who played Miss Caruso, sharing Bond's bed in the film's opening, was recommended for the part by Roger Moore after he had appeared with her on TV. Smith said that Moore was extremely polite to work with, but she felt very uncomfortable being clad in only blue bikini panties while Moore's wife was on set overseeing the scene. \"Live and Let Die\" was the only Bond film until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8516571", "score": "0.95012426", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Licence to Kill", "text": "Licence to Kill Licence to Kill is a 1989 British spy film, the sixteenth in the \"James Bond\" film series produced by Eon Productions, and the last to star Timothy Dalton in the role of the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is the first one not to use the title of an Ian Fleming story. It is also the fifth and final consecutive Bond film to be directed by John Glen. The story has elements of two Ian Fleming short stories and a novel, interwoven with aspects from Japanese Rōnin tales. The film sees Bond being suspended from MI6", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2585393", "score": "0.9486587", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Key Hunter", "text": "image in \"Key Hunter\". The theme music \"Hijō no License\" was written by Shunsuke Kikuchi, played as an instrumental for the opening theme, and sung by Yōko Nogiwa for the ending theme. This article incorporates material from (\"Key Hunter\") in the Japanese Wikipedia, retrieved on March 5, 2008. Key Hunter The story involved \"Key Hunter\", a special clandestine unit of the International Police, which endeavored to solve various crimes. \"Key Hunter\" was a unique TV show, which started out as a grand scale spy thriller never before seen in Japan. The episodes were individually themed on global crimes and political", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11658805", "score": "0.94773054", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Freddie Wadling", "text": "Gessle and Tomas Andersson Wij. He also recorded some soundtracks with Magne Furuholmen and Kjetil Bjerkestrand. He was awarded the Cornelis Vreeswijk Prize in 2005. He released \"With a Licence to Kill\" featuring James Bond-songs in 2011 that reached #12 on the Swedish Albums Chart, and 2016 he released \"Efter Regnet\" that reached #7 on the Swedish Albums Chart. Freddie Wadling died on 2 June 2016 at the age of 64. He died only a few days before he was due to travel to Gotland to participate in the TV4 show Så mycket bättre. Freddie Wadling Berndt Arvid Freddie Wadling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8063479", "score": "0.9471077", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Todd Kerns", "text": "The album produced the radio rock hit \"Remote Control\", which peaked at No. 9 on the singles chart in Canada and resulted in the album being certified gold in Canada in 1998. The song \"Remote Control\" was later put on MuchMusic's diamond certified compilation album, \"Big Shiny Tunes 2\". In 1997 Kerns provided background vocals for Matthew Good Band's album \"Underdogs\" on the songs \"Rico\" and \"Everything is Automatic\". In 1999 he again provided background vocals for the Matthew Good Band on their album \"Beautiful Midnight\", on the songs \"Hello Time Bomb\", and \"Born to Kill\". For 99.3 CFOX’s \"Year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7803982", "score": "0.94668674", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "lakh" ]

[ { "title": "Lakhna", "text": "male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 64%. In Lakhna, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Lakhna Lakhna is a town and a nagar panchayat in Etawah district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Lakhna has an average elevation of . It is famous for a Kalka Devi mandir and wholesale market for agriculture produce, also for jewellery shops. Kalka Devi mandir is famous for social rituals. It is well connected to Etawah through roads. Kanpur and Gwalior are nearby airports from Lakhna India census, Lakhna had a population of 10,452. Males constitute 52%", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179337", "score": "0.9508587", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Lakhera", "text": "variety of business. The community is also equated with the Patwa community at some places. The Lakhera get their name from the Sanskrit \"laksha kuru\" meaning a worker in lac. According to their mythologies, this caste created by the goddess Parvati. Other traditions make them out to be Yaduvanshi Rajputs. They are said to have originated in Rajasthan, and then spread to Uttarakhand, Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra. The community in Delhi speaks Hindi, while in Haryana they speaks Haryanvi, while in Rajasthan they Speaks Hadoti. In Maharshtra can speak Marathi, Marwadi. They are known as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15039388", "score": "0.94692576", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Lakhna", "text": "Lakhna Lakhna is a town and a nagar panchayat in Etawah district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Lakhna has an average elevation of . It is famous for a Kalka Devi mandir and wholesale market for agriculture produce, also for jewellery shops. Kalka Devi mandir is famous for social rituals. It is well connected to Etawah through roads. Kanpur and Gwalior are nearby airports from Lakhna India census, Lakhna had a population of 10,452. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Lakhna has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179336", "score": "0.9350597", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Lakhipur", "text": "Lakhipur Lakhipur (IPA: ˈlækɪˌpʊə), is a town and a Municipal Board in Cachar district in the Indian state of Assam. The name \"Lakhipur\" is said to be very ancient. Two schools of opinion on the origin of its name exist. According to one school of opinion, the name relates to Lakshmi, the Hindu Goddess of wealth. Another school of opinion says that the place was named after notable Dimasa Kachari King \"Laxminarayan\" who ruled this part of the country in ancient times. Lakhipur is located at . It has an average elevation of 22 metres (72 feet). India census, Lakhipur", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179322", "score": "0.9314708", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Lucknow", "text": "in the state. \"Lucknow\" is the anglicised spelling of the local pronunciation \"Lakhnau\". According to one legend, the city is named after Lakshmana, a hero of the ancient Hindu epic \"Ramayana\". The legend states that Lakshmana had a palace or an estate in the area, which was called \"Lakshmanapuri\" (Sanskrit: लक्ष्मणपुरी, lit. \"Lakshmana's city\"). However, the Dalit movement believes that Lakhan Pasi, a dalit ruler, was the settler of the city and is named after him. The settlement came to be known as Lakhanpur (or Lachhmanpur) by the 11th century, and later, Lucknow. A similar theory states that the city", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2383024", "score": "0.9156244", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Lakheri", "text": "of the population and females 48.5%. Lakheri had an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 77%, and female literacy was 50%. In Lakheri, 14% of the population was under 6 years of age. Harauti, a dialect of Rajasthani is widely spoken in Lakheri with Hindi, and English being the other languages spoken. According to the 2011 census, Hinduism is the majority religion in the city practised by about 83.2% of the population. Muslims form large minorities (14.07%) followed by Jains (1.34%), Sikhs (0.9%) and Christians (0.4%). The city lies in between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179308", "score": "0.8919339", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Lakhnadon", "text": "Lakhnadon Lakhnadon is a town and a nagar panchayat in Seoni district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, and the headquarters of lakhnadon janpad and tahsil. It is best known for its sagon woods, which are exported, and tobacco leaves (tendu patta). It is one of the oldest tehsils of Madhya Pradesh. It is the second biggest town in Seoni district. The town is said to be named after a former ruler, Raja Lakhan Kunwar. There is a belief among the locals that there is a palace of Kunwar inside Ranital lake, and its peak can be seen during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179347", "score": "0.877426", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Lakheri", "text": "Lakheri Lakheri () is a town and municipality in Bundi district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located in the southeast of Rajasthan., around south of the state capital, Jaipur. Lakheri has been a subdivision headquarter since 2002. Garima Lata (RAS) is the Deputy Collector and Majistrate of Lakheri subdivision. It is the second largest city in the district, after Bundi. Mostly surrounded by agricultural lands and villages the most distinct feature of Lakheri is a cement manufacturing unit of ACC (Associated Cement Companies) Ltd. This plant is the oldest running cement plant in Asia (1912–1913). But with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179303", "score": "0.8750874", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Lakhey", "text": "Lakhey Lākhey (Nepal Bhasa: लाखे, lā-khé) (alternative spellings Lākhe, Lākhay, लाखय्) is a demon in Nepalese folklore. He is depicted with a ferocious face, protruding fangs and mane of red or black hair. Lakhes figure prominently in traditional Newar culture of Nepal Mandala. The Lakhe tradition is found in the Kathmandu Valley and other Newar settlements throughout Nepal. Lakhes are said to be demons who used to live in the forests and later became protectors to the townspeople. A female Lakhe is known as Lasin (लसिं). The other common legendary being in Nepalese folklore is the Khyāh, who is depicted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8180456", "score": "0.8603103", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lakh", "text": "In Indian English, the word is used both as an attributive and non-attributive noun, and with either a marked (\"-s\") or unmarked plural, as in: \"1 lakh people\" or \"1 lakh of people\"; \"200 lakh rupees\"; \"5 lakh of rupees\"; \"rupees 10 lakhs\"; or \"5 lakhs of rupees\". In the abbreviated form, usage such as \"₹‍5L\" (for \"rupees 5 lakhs\") is common. In this system of numeration 100 lakh is called one crore and is equal to 10 million.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Lakhnadon", "text": "the summer season, when the water level declines. Lakhnadon is located at . It has an average elevation of 607 metres (1991 feet). It is just a little far from the geographical centre of the Indian sub-continent. It lies in the southwest of Jabalpur and north of Seoni and also neighbours Narsinghpur by its west.[4] It is surrounded by sagon and tendu trees that cover the town from all sides. [5] India census, Lakhnadon had a population of 14,343. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Lakhnadon has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179348", "score": "0.8591573", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Lakheri", "text": "climate classification \"BSh\") with high temperatures throughout the year. Summers are long, hot and dry, starting in late March and lasting till the end of June. The temperatures average above 40 °C in May and June and frequently exceed 45 °C with temperatures as high as 48.4 °C also been recorded. The monsoon season follows with comparatively lower temperatures, but higher humidity and frequent, torrential downpours. The monsoons subside in October and temperatures rise again. The brief, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until the last week of February. Temperatures hover between 26.7 °C (max) to 12 °C", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179306", "score": "0.8571377", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Lakhipur", "text": "had a population of 9,708. Male population 4,976 and female population is 4,732. Lakhipur has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 52%. In Lakhipur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Climate of Lakhipur is significant for excessive humidity and being shut in by ranges of hills on North, East and South, heat during summer becomes unbearable. During rainy season, the air is surcharged with moisture and rainfall is extremely heavy. The winter is not so cold as that of Brahmaputra velley.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179323", "score": "0.8560723", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lakhpat", "text": "Lakhpat Lakhpat is a sparsely populated town and sub-district in Kachchh district in the Indian state of Gujarat located at the mouth of Kori Creek. The town is enclosed by 7 km long 18th-century fort walls. The town is named after Rao Lakha who ruled in Sindh about the middle of the thirteenth century. Historically it has been very important trading post connecting Gujarat to Sindh. The waters of Sindhu river used to flow into Lakhpat and further onto Desalpar Gunthli. Within historic times Lakhpat has had only one very short period of prosperity. Rice used to be cultivated and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6124684", "score": "0.85540736", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Lakshana", "text": "Lakshana Lakshana ( \"\") – derived from the combination of words \"lakshya\" and \"kshana\" – means 'indication' or 'symptom'. It also means 'an auspicious mark', 'attribute' or 'quality'. In Tamil language, Lakshanam means \"features\". Sulakshana means good features. In Varadarāja's \"Laghukaumudi\" (St.210), on the following \"Paniniya Sukta\" I.i.62 on Sanskrit grammar, which reads: states that when elision (\"lopa\") of an affix has taken place, the affix shall still exert its influence, and the operations dependent upon it will take place as if it were present. He explains that the word, \"Lakshana\", signifies that by which a thing is recognized, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17821006", "score": "0.85529006", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lakhpur, SBS Nagar", "text": "of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 81 which is 9.69% of total population of Lakhpur, and child sex ratio is approximately 800 as compared to Punjab state average of 846. Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 71.53% of total population in Lakhpur. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far. As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 500 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Lakhpur which includes 266 males and 234 females. According to census survey report", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19853349", "score": "0.84874034", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Lakhimpur district", "text": "believed to have come from word “Lakshmi”, the Hindu goddess of Wealth and Prosperity. The word “pur” has two meanings—first one is “full”, so 'Lakhimpur' means 'full of paddy'. The second meaning is \"City\", so 'Lakhimpur' means 'The City of Wealth and Prosperity'. Besides, the district has alluvial soil which is very fertile. Also fish, vegetables, milk etc. were abundant. The name Lakhimpur was derived from the name \"Lakshmipur\" which was given by the Chutiya king named Lakshminaryan who ruled during the 15th century. Later, it was changed by the Baro-Bhuyans to Lakhimpur, when they were made feudal lords of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4865526", "score": "0.84384465", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Lakhisarai district", "text": "the US state of Montana. This gives it a ranking of 445th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24.74%. Lakhisarai has a sex ratio of 900 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64.95%. Lakhisarai district Lakhisarai district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Lakhisarai town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Lakhisarai district is a part of Munger Division. The district occupies an area of 1228 km. The district has a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5831188", "score": "0.8401622", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Lakhpat", "text": "not far away from international border between India and Pakistan marked in salt marsh land. There are BSF guards posted on the fort's fortifications and the nearby Border Outpost. Lakhpat Lakhpat is a sparsely populated town and sub-district in Kachchh district in the Indian state of Gujarat located at the mouth of Kori Creek. The town is enclosed by 7 km long 18th-century fort walls. The town is named after Rao Lakha who ruled in Sindh about the middle of the thirteenth century. Historically it has been very important trading post connecting Gujarat to Sindh. The waters of Sindhu river", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6124691", "score": "0.8392345", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Lakra", "text": "Lakra Lakra/Lakda (लाकड़ा) is a Jat clan found in Delhi, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Apart from Jats, the Lakra surname is also found in Jharkhand and Odisha amongst tribals. The most popular Lakra so far is Late Sahib Singh Verma, the politician and former CM of Delhi and Cabinet Union Minister. The late minister is from Mundka village on the NH-10 in west Delhi. His son Parvesh Verma is carrying on his legacy and is a serving Member of the Parliament from Outer Delhi. There are more villages associated with Lakra (Jat) surnames like Morkheri near Sampla, Ranhola in Delhi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20359303", "score": "0.83900005", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Lakhnadon", "text": "average of 59.5%; male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 64%. In Lakhnadon, 14% of the population is under six years of age. The tourist attractions in and around Lakhnadon include the Gaytri Shaktipeeth, Nehru park, Siddhbaba Ranital, Chilachond dam, and Banjari temple. Ram Mandir and Hanuman Mandir are two of the oldest temples of Lakhnadon which were renovated by Pt Ram Shanker Shukla. Meditation stones are kept in both the temples in memory of Pt Ram Shanker Shukla. Pt Ram Shanker Shukla laid the foundation of Radha Krishna temple, but died on 22 November 2002, before it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179349", "score": "0.8378025", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Gujarati grammar", "text": "to root, with certain phonological processes as work as well: if the root vowel is \"ā\" then it becomes \"a\" (\"See Gujarati phonology#ɑ-reduction\") and if the root ends in a vowel then \"h\" or \"v\" is suffixed. Thus \"lakhvũ\" \"to write\" → \"lakhvāmā āvvũ\", \"lakhāvũ\" \"to be written\". The post-position \"thī\" marks the agent, As in other New Indo-Aryan languages, formation of passives is not restricted to transitive verbs and has a restricted domain of usage except in special registers. Both intransitive and transitive may be grammatically passivized to show capacity, in place of compounding with the modal \"śakvũ\" \"to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9425657", "score": "0.83423847", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Lakhni", "text": "Lakhni Lakhni is a town, a tehsil in Bhandara district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Lakhni is educational center for the nearby area. there are number of schools and colleges in lakhni. Samarth Vidyalaya, Zansi Rani kanya vidyalaya, Universal English Medium School and Gandhi Vidyalaya are important schools in Lakhni. N.P.Waghaye Sainiki vidyalaya,Lakhni is only military school in bhandara district, situated at Kesalwada/Wagh near Lakhni. Samarth Mahavidyalaya, Lt. N.P.W. college and Vidarbha college are important colleges in Lakhni town. The town market 'Sindhi Line' is famous for Shopping. There are several banks situated in Lakhni such as Bank of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9669175", "score": "0.8329959", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Lakhpur, SBS Nagar", "text": "Lakhpur, SBS Nagar Lakhpur is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located away from postal head office Ladhana Jhikka, from Nawanshahr, from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village. As of 2011, Lakhpur has a total number of 189 houses and population of 836 of which 404 include are males while 432 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Lakhpur is 72.19%, lower than the state average", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19853348", "score": "0.8302265", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Lakhipur, Goalpara", "text": "has own language Goalpariya Language is the main language which is famous in Lower Assam area. Lakhipur, Goalpara Lakhipur is a town and sub-divisional headquarter of Goalpara district, Assam. It is situated at about 48 km towards the west from the district headquarter Goalpara town. The current Lakhipur town consist of four wards.The Lakhipur Town Committee has population of 15,633 of which 8,046 are males while 7,587 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 2279 which is 14.58% of total population of Lakhipur (TC). In Lakhipur Town Committee, Female", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19363520", "score": "0.8265032", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Lakhenpur", "text": "females 47%. Lakhanpur has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 73%. In Lakhenpur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hindu 89.28%, Sikh 3.18%, Muslim 5.11%, Lakhenpur Lakhanpur is a town and a notified area committee in Kathua district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Lakhanpur is the entrance to Jammu and Kashmir from Punjab and rest of India. It is a sparsely populated area about 20 kilometers from the center of Kathua district. Since it is the entrance of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179302", "score": "0.82641155", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Atkot", "text": "day that Lakho was born Atkot his father is said to have made a foray as far as Patan and to have plundered a few shops, whence the couplet: When Lakho grew up he was so daring and headstrong that his father found it difficult to keep him under control, and when he remonstrated with him regarding his conduct, Lakho crossed over the Rann of Kutch into Kathiawar, and stayed for some time in the neighbourhood of Than where he founded the village of Lakhamanchi. Here he stayed for a year or two, and during this time he made the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19491282", "score": "0.82542324", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Lakhey", "text": "by his musical band giving dance performances. The Lakhe stops at major crossroads and market squares to give a performance. During the dance, a small boy is known as Jhyalincha (झ्यालिंचा) taunts the Lakhe making him chase him in anger. Jhyalincha always manages to slip into the crowd and escape. Gunla Lakhe comes out during Gunla, the 10th month in the Nepal Sambat calendar which corresponds to August. There are other Lakhes with particular characteristics. These mythical beings are said to reside in various parts of the city. Lakhey Lākhey (Nepal Bhasa: लाखे, lā-khé) (alternative spellings Lākhe, Lākhay, लाखय्) is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8180458", "score": "0.8250605", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Lakhenpur", "text": "Lakhenpur Lakhanpur is a town and a notified area committee in Kathua district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Lakhanpur is the entrance to Jammu and Kashmir from Punjab and rest of India. It is a sparsely populated area about 20 kilometers from the center of Kathua district. Since it is the entrance of Jammu and Kashmir, a passage to and from Jammu and Kashmir, tolls are collected here. Lakhanpur is situated just below the Sivalik Hills. The town is sandwiched between Ravi river to the south and east while the Shiwaliks rise abruptly high to the north.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8179300", "score": "0.8247399", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Lath, Rajkot", "text": "Lath, Rajkot Lath is a village under the tehsil of Upleta in the Indian state of Gujarat. Lath is located at . Lath is located at a distance of 94.05 km from its District Main City Rajkot. It is located at a distance of 308 km from its State Capital Gandhinagar . Lath is an ancient village with no other villages under the village panchayat. The head of the town is known as the Sarpanch and makes all the administrative and judicial decisions under his/her prerogative. The current Sarpanch is a woman. There is a majority of Patel families in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15638380", "score": "0.8242636", "original_retrieval_index": 39 } ]

[ "One For Arthur" ]

[ { "title": "2017 Grand National", "text": "2017 Grand National The 2017 Grand National (officially known as the 2017 Randox Health Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 170th official running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase over a distance of took place on 8 April 2017, the final day of a three-day meeting. A maximum field of 40 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. Randox Health is the new sponsor of the main race and the festival itself for the next five years. It was broadcast live on television by ITV", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19981138", "score": "1.1633937", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2017 Grand National", "text": "first time in his terrestrial television commentary career. 2017 Grand National The 2017 Grand National (officially known as the 2017 Randox Health Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 170th official running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase over a distance of took place on 8 April 2017, the final day of a three-day meeting. A maximum field of 40 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. Randox Health is the new sponsor of the main race and the festival itself for the next five years.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19981147", "score": "1.1468906", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2018 Grand National", "text": "the betting ring by Matt Chapman and Brian Gleeson. The commentary team was Mark Johnson, Ian Bartlett and Richard Hoiles. 2018 Grand National The 2018 Grand National (officially, the Randox Health 2018 Grand National) was the 171st annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase was the pinnacle of a three-day festival which commenced on 12 April 2018. The event was sponsored by Randox Health for the second time. The race was won by shot Tiger Roll, ridden by Davy Russell, in a photo finish from Pleasant Company. All 38 runners", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20640752", "score": "1.125579", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2018 Grand National", "text": "2018 Grand National The 2018 Grand National (officially, the Randox Health 2018 Grand National) was the 171st annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase was the pinnacle of a three-day festival which commenced on 12 April 2018. The event was sponsored by Randox Health for the second time. The race was won by shot Tiger Roll, ridden by Davy Russell, in a photo finish from Pleasant Company. All 38 runners returned to the stables, although Saint Are required veterinary attention on the course and Charlie Deutsch, riding Houblon Des Obeaux,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20640746", "score": "1.1227162", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2016 Grand National", "text": "2016 Grand National The 2016 Grand National (officially known as the 2016 Crabbie's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 169th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase took place on 9 April 2016, the final day of a three-day meeting. A field of 39 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. The 2016 National was won by shot Rule The World, ridden by David Mullins and trained by Mouse Morris. In second place was the joint-favourite The Last Samuri. Sixteen of the 39 runners", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19363471", "score": "1.1140546", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2017 Grand National", "text": "first scratching deadline on 28 February. Elliott, who had earlier expressed his dissatisfaction with the weights assigned to his horses, withdrew several of his entries, including Outlander, Empire of Dirt and Don Poli, leaving Carlingford Lough as the new top weight. Vieux Lion Rouge, who won the Grand National Trial at Haydock, was now the favourite with the bookmakers, at 12/1. The field was reduced to 79 following the second scratching deadline on 21 March. The five-day confirmation process began on 3 April with 70 horses advancing, following the withdrawal of top-weight Carlingford Lough. The final field was announced on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19981141", "score": "1.1130338", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2016 Grand National", "text": "of 1.1 million on the previous year, and attracted a 59% share of the television audience. 2016 Grand National The 2016 Grand National (officially known as the 2016 Crabbie's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 169th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase took place on 9 April 2016, the final day of a three-day meeting. A field of 39 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £1 million. The 2016 National was won by shot Rule The World, ridden by David Mullins and trained by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19363480", "score": "1.1045749", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2018 Grand National", "text": "was treated on the track after a fall leading to Becher's Brook being bypassed on the second circuit. From an initial 105 entries, the final field of 40 runners was declared on 13 April. Two contenders, Regal Encore and Walk In The Mill, were withdrawn on the morning of the race, leaving 38 starters, the smallest field since 1999. 2018 also marked the first National for 30 years to feature three female jockeys in the line-up. 2012 third-placed jockey Katie Walsh paired Baie Des Iles for her sixth ride in the race, whilst Rachael Blackmore and Bryony Frost were both", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20640747", "score": "1.0723234", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "1954 Grand National", "text": "in the Grand National. 1954 Grand National The 1954 Grand National was the 108th annual renewal of the Grand National steeplechase that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 10 April 1954. The race was won by ten-year-old gelding Royal Tan, an 8/1 shot trained by Vincent O'Brien. O'Brien had also trained the previous year's winner, Early Mist, and would secure a third consecutive win the following year with Quare Times. Royal Tan was ridden by jockey Bryan Marshall, who also won his second consecutive Grand National. Tudor Line was second and the 15/2 favourite Irish Lizard finished", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15539503", "score": "1.0623943", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2017 Grand National", "text": "The race was won by One For Arthur, only the second horse trained in Scotland to win the Grand National (the other being Rubstic in 1979). One For Arthur was ridden by Derek Fox and trained by Lucinda Russell, and was sent off at odds of 1014 14/1.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 Grand National", "text": "2017. Among the early favourites were Don Poli, who won three Grade 1 races in the 2015–16 season, and 2016 National runner-up The Last Samuri. The 2015 winner, Many Clouds, who was also among the ante-post favourites, died of a pulmonary haemorrhage shortly before the entries were announced. The weights were announced on 14 February and headed by Lexus Chase winner Outlander, however, trainer Gordon Elliott indicated that he would not run. The top five weighted horses were all Irish-trained, including three by Elliott. One runner (Otago Trail) was scratched before the weights were assigned. Ninety-five entries remained after the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19981140", "score": "1.0621369", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "1921 Grand National", "text": "1921 Grand National The 1921 Grand National was the 80th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 18 March 1921. The race was won by Shaun Spadah, a 100/9 bet ridden by Fred Rees and trained by George Poole for owner Malcolm McAlpine. The winner was the only horse to complete the course without falling. In second place was The Bore, who remounted after falling at the second-last fence, having raced alongside the winner since Turkey Buzzard fell at Becher's Brook on the second circuit. All White and Turkey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16089955", "score": "1.0579737", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2017 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain", "text": "2017 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain The 2017 Adrian Flux British FIM Speedway Grand Prix was the sixth race of the 2017 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 22 July at the Principality Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. First reserve Peter Kildemand replaced Nicki Pedersen, who was injured and not fit to race. The Speedway Grand Prix Commission also nominated Craig Cook as the wild card, and Adam Ellis and Josh Bates both as Track Reserves. The Grand Prix was won by Poland's Maciej Janowski, who beat Jason Doyle and Matej Žagar in the final. It was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20279003", "score": "1.0505533", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "1954 Grand National", "text": "1954 Grand National The 1954 Grand National was the 108th annual renewal of the Grand National steeplechase that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 10 April 1954. The race was won by ten-year-old gelding Royal Tan, an 8/1 shot trained by Vincent O'Brien. O'Brien had also trained the previous year's winner, Early Mist, and would secure a third consecutive win the following year with Quare Times. Royal Tan was ridden by jockey Bryan Marshall, who also won his second consecutive Grand National. Tudor Line was second and the 15/2 favourite Irish Lizard finished third. Only 29 horses", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15539501", "score": "1.0420047", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2017 British Speedway Championship", "text": "in the deciding race. Schlein was competing in the event on a British racing licence. 2017 British Speedway Championship The 2017 British Speedway Championship was the 2017 edition of the British Speedway Championship. Danny King was the defending champion having won the title in 2016. The competition consisted of two semi-finals and a final, with eight riders qualifying from each semi-final. The final took place at the National Speedway Stadium in Belle Vue, Manchester on 19 June 2017 and was won by Craig Cook. It was Cook's first national title, having finished second in the three previous years. He dominated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20136582", "score": "1.0418434", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2018 Grand National", "text": "Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, it must be shown on free-to-air terrestrial television in the UK. The race was broadcast live on TV by ITV, in the second year of its four-year deal as the exclusive terrestrial broadcaster of horse racing in the UK. The coverage was co-anchored by Ed Chamberlin and Francesca Cumani. Analysis was provided by former Grand National winning jockeys Sir Anthony McCoy, Mick Fitzgerald and Ruby Walsh, the latter having been ruled out the Aintree meeting through injury. Reports were provided by Oli Bell, Alice Plunkett and Luke Harvey with updates from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20640751", "score": "1.0414494", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2008 Grand National", "text": "2008 Grand National The 2008 Grand National (known as the John Smith's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 161st official annual running of the world-famous Grand National steeplechase which took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 5 April 2008 and attracted the maximum permitted field of 40 runners, competing for total prize money of £450,640. Joint-favourite Comply or Die and Irish jockey Timmy Murphy won the race (it was Murphy's eleventh attempt at the National), four lengths ahead of King John's Castle in second place and Snowy Morning in third. Cloudy Lane, ridden by Jason Maguire, was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12540613", "score": "1.0383719", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2018 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain", "text": "2018 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain The 2018 Adrian Flux British FIM Speedway Grand Prix was the fifth race of the 2018 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on July 21st at the Principality Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. The Speedway Grand Prix Commission nominated Robert Lambert as the wild card, and Daniel Bewley and Jason Garrity both as Track Reserves. The Grand Prix was won by Bartosz Zmarzlik, who beat Tai Woffinden, Maciej Janowski and Greg Hancock in the final. As a result of finishing second, Woffinden extended his overall lead in the championship to 20 points. Fredrik", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20827824", "score": "1.0336713", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2006 Grand National", "text": "failed to reach the finishing post. Official BBC coverage of the 2006 Grand National 2006 Grand National The 2006 Grand National (known as the John Smith's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 159th official annual running of the Grand National steeplechase which took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 8 April 2006 and attracted the maximum permitted field of forty competitors for total prize money of £689,360 including £399,140 to the winner. 11–1 Irish shot Numbersixvalverde, ridden by Niall Madden, won the race, ahead of 5–1 joint-favourite and the previous year's winner Hedgehunter in second place. The other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12788787", "score": "1.0189135", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "1953 Grand National", "text": "1953 Grand National The 1953 Grand National was the 107th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 28 March 1953. The race was won by eight-year-old Early Mist at odds of 20/1. Early Mist was the first of trainer Vincent O'Brien's three consecutive Grand National victories, and his jockey, Bryan Marshall, would also go on to win a second successive National the following year on Royal Tan. Of the 31 that started, 5 finished. Mont Tremblant was 2nd, Irish Lizard was 3rd, Overshadow finished 4th and Senlac Hill was last", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16066115", "score": "1.0183654", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2009 Grand National", "text": "for the sixth consecutive year was Ian Bartlett, Tony O'Hehir, Darren Owen, and Jim McGrath who called the winner home for the 12th consecutive year. The programme was presented by Clare Balding. 1,477 people lodged complaints to the BBC when, after the race, she asked winning rider Liam Treadwell to show his teeth to the camera and then suggested he would be able to get them \"fixed\" with his prize money. Balding later issued a public apology. On the evening before the following year's race, Treadwell was again interviewed by Balding for the BBC's \"The One Show\" in which he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13212478", "score": "1.018214", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2017 British Speedway Championship", "text": "2017 British Speedway Championship The 2017 British Speedway Championship was the 2017 edition of the British Speedway Championship. Danny King was the defending champion having won the title in 2016. The competition consisted of two semi-finals and a final, with eight riders qualifying from each semi-final. The final took place at the National Speedway Stadium in Belle Vue, Manchester on 19 June 2017 and was won by Craig Cook. It was Cook's first national title, having finished second in the three previous years. He dominated the final, scoring 14 points, before beating Steve Worrall, Ben Barker and Australian Rory Schlein", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20136581", "score": "1.0180426", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2013 Grand National", "text": "2013 Grand National The 2013 Grand National (officially known as the John Smith's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 166th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase, which concluded a three-day meeting (one of only four held at Aintree throughout the year), took place on 6 April 2013. The maximum permitted field of 40 runners competed for a share of the £975,000 prize fund, which made the National the most valuable jump race in Europe. The race was won by 66/1 shot Auroras Encore, who was ridden by jockey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17074455", "score": "1.0169303", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2016 Grand National", "text": "completed the race, held on the softest going since the 2001 race. The race was sponsored by ginger-beer producer Crabbie's for the third and final time. It was broadcast live on television by Channel 4 for the fourth year running; the TV rights move to ITV in 2017. There was live radio coverage by BBC Radio, which has held the radio rights since 1927, and by Talksport, which covered the main race live for the third time. A total of 126 entries were received for consideration in the 2016 Grand National, of which 96 remained after the second of two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19363472", "score": "1.0156488", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2011 Grand National", "text": "three French-trained horses. Ten were trained by Paul Nicholls, including a leading contender in Niche Market; nine were handled by Irish trainer Willie Mullins, and three by Jonjo O'Neill, the trainer of last year's winner. Ballabriggs, another leading contender, was trained by Donald McCain, Jr., the son of Ginger McCain who trained Red Rum to three National victories in the 1970s and returned with another winner, Amberleigh House, in 2004. 20 contenders were withdrawn in the first scratchings. After a second scratchings deadline on 24 March 74 horses remained on the list of entrants, with the top weight handicap of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15333497", "score": "1.0155071", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2014 Grand National", "text": "2014 Grand National The 2014 Grand National (officially known as the 2014 Crabbie's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 167th annual running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The showpiece steeplechase, which concluded a three-day meeting (one of only four held at Aintree throughout the year), took place on 5 April 2014. The maximum permitted field of 40 runners competed for a share of a record £1 million prize fund, which makes the National the most valuable jump race in Europe. It was sponsored by Crabbie's for the first time, the ginger beer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17838705", "score": "1.0149462", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "1998 Grand National", "text": "winner in the field, having won the race with Mick Fitzgerald in 1996. This season he had been second in the Tommy Whittle Chase at Haydock in December before finishing third in the King George VI Chase at Kempton on Boxing Day behind Challenger Du Luc. A fall in the Cheltenham Gold Cup 16 days before the National did not deter the public from making him the favourite on the morning of the race before drifting to 11/1 at the off. Fitzgerald again took the ride but the ground was always against the former champion who began to struggle at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14804381", "score": "1.0122539", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2009 Grand National", "text": "spokesman David Williams said: \"It was better than we could ever have dreamed of. Liam Treadwell was our saviour. A win for Walsh or McCoy would have seen a multi-million pound turnaround. The sun shone on Aintree and the sun shone on the bookies. If last year was one for the punters, 2009 was very much one for us.\" Tony McCoy was the most experienced rider in the race for the third consecutive year, having taken over from Carl Llewellyn after the 2006 race, though he had previously shared the honour with Mick Fitzgerald and Paul Carberry. McCoy was having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13212481", "score": "1.0118219", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Katie Walsh (jockey)", "text": "Grand National. Walsh became the third woman to ride a winner in the Irish Grand National on 6 April 2015. She won on Thunder And Roses who was trained by Sandra Hughes and owned by Gigginstown. On 27 April 2016 Walsh had her first grade 1 win. It was Blow by Blow in the Champion INH Flat Race at Punchestown. In March 2018 Walsh rode her third winner of the Cheltenham Festival. It was the Champion Bumper, which was a grade 1 race. She brought her mount Relegate from the back of the field 5 furlongs out to catch the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16442006", "score": "1.0109475", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2017 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain", "text": "second successive win for Janowski, who moved to joint-second in the overall standings with compatriot Patryk Dudek - three points behind Doyle. Bartosz Zmarzlik had initially top scored in the heats with 13 points, but he was excluded in the final. 2017 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain The 2017 Adrian Flux British FIM Speedway Grand Prix was the sixth race of the 2017 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 22 July at the Principality Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. First reserve Peter Kildemand replaced Nicki Pedersen, who was injured and not fit to race. The Speedway Grand Prix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20279004", "score": "1.0106778", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "unitary authorities", "local authorities", "district councils" ]

[ { "title": "Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation", "text": "that proper fees have been remitted. The Section responsible for the regulation and licensing of Resident, Non-resident and Apprentice Auctioneers holding auctions within the State. The Section responsible for the regulation of gasoline stations and advertising. The Section responsible for the regulation and registration of health clubs. The Section responsible for the assessment and collection of fees specified by Rhode Island state law. The Section is also responsible for the inspection of retail and wholesale establishments and the issuance of licenses to manufacturers, wholesalers, marine vessels and railroads as well as airplanes. The Section handles retail license appeals from actions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11704363", "score": "0.9869291", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom", "text": "regard to “the licensing objectives”: The licensing authorities are local councils. In two-tier parts of England and Wales, these are the district or borough councils and elsewhere the unitary authority is the licensing authority. In Scotland each council has a Licensing Board to act as licensing authority. For a premises licence, the licensing authority is the council for the place where the premises are located; where they straddle a boundary, the applicant may choose either one. For a personal licence, it is the licensing authority in whose area the applicant lives. The Licensing Authority is also responsible for the issue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4849009", "score": "0.9437515", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation", "text": "taken by local boards. The Section also investigates complaints, licensing and examining its regulated entities. The Section responsible for the licensing and regulation of mobile home parks. The Section is also empowered to investigate and adjudicate complaints from park owners, residents and citizens to insure compliance with Rhode Island state laws and rules and regulations. The Section responsible for the licensing and regulation of Real Estate salespersons, brokers and appraisers. The Section coordinates and administers examinations for real estate brokers, salesperson and real estate appraisers. Additionally, the Section is responsible for issuing licenses to real estate branch offices, real estate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11704364", "score": "0.9382575", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation", "text": "adjudicate complaints against licensees to insure compliance with Rhode Island state laws and rules and regulations. The Section responsible for the regulation and licensing of the auto body industry statewide. The section also investigates complaints from consumers, the insurance industry and law enforcement. The section reviews both new and renewal license applications to ensure that applicants meet all licensure requirements and that proper fees have been remitted. The Section establishes standards and procedures for the issuance of Limited Glass Licenses for motor vehicle glass installation. The Section responsible for creating standards and procedures for the issuance of a salvage rebuilder's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11704361", "score": "0.92622596", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation", "text": "schools and out of state land sales. The Section is also empowered to investigate and adjudicate complaints to insure license compliance with Rhode Island State laws, rules and regulations. The Section responsible for the regulation of travel agencies and travel agents. It is also responsible for the issuing licenses and enforcing travel laws, rules and regulations. The Division also coordinates and administers examinations for travel agencies, managers and agents licenses. The Section responsible for enforcing state laws regarding the marking of the unit price of items in retail stores. The Section responsible for the licensing and regulation of Manufacturers, Supply", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11704365", "score": "0.9093109", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "CDMA Certification Forum", "text": "CDMA Certification Forum CDMA Certification Forum (known as CCF) was the original official authority governing CDMA Device certification. The CCF is an international partnership between network operator and device vendors to maintain and evolve a core global device certification process that helps improve quality through consistent interoperability, conformance and performance testing across the globe. On 31 December 2014, CCF voted to hand all its certification responsibilities to the Global Certification Forum (GCF). The CDMA Certification Forum (CCF) and its members are dedicated to improving the quality and time-to-market of all CDMA devices by using a common test process that ensures", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10558213", "score": "0.9054692", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Nuclear licensing", "text": "States, licenses are issued either by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or in some cases by the individual states who have been delegated authority for some licensing activities, e.g. Arizona ([Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency]). Countries other than the U.S.A. use different licensing schemes, typically at the national level, with formal or informal participation at the local government level. For example, in Great Britain, the Health and Safety Executive oversees licenses and nuclear safety. In the United States, recent licensing activities have been focused on the next generation of nuclear reactors being planned. Efforts are underway to prepare the documents required", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10229780", "score": "0.9036311", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation", "text": "Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation The Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation is the division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation responsible for the licensing and regulation of real estate agents, brokers and appraisers, auto body & salvage re-builder shops, auto wrecking and salvage yards, travel agencies and travel agents, upholsterers, alarm system installers, auctioneers, liquor wholesalers, breweries, wineries, salespersons (representing wholesalers) and agents (representing manufacturers and distillers), Class G (boat/airline/railroads) license holders, line-cleaners, and mobile and manufactured homes and parks. The enforcement of unit pricing, motor fuel advertising and health club pre-opening laws are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11704359", "score": "0.8954246", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Arizona Department of Liquor Licenses and Control", "text": "Governor and confirmed by the Senate for three-year terms. Cyndy A. Valdez (Pima County) Chairman Term Expires: 2017 Michael J. Troyan (Maricopa County) Vice Chairman Term Expires: 2018 Vikki R. Scarafiotti, (Maricopa County) Term Expires: June 2017 Sergio A. Arellano (Pima County) Term Expires: 2019 Troy Campbell (Coconino County) Term Expires: 2018 Vacant Term Expires: Vacant Term Expires: Arizona Department of Liquor Licenses and Control The Department of Liquor Licenses and Control is an Arizona state agency responsible for reviewing state liquor applications and issuing renewal licenses. In Arizona, there are 17 different license categories – airplanes, trains, watercraft, restaurants,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11702270", "score": "0.8915", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Licensing Act 2003", "text": "provide late night refreshment. Permission to carry on some or all of these licensable activities is now contained in a single licence — the premises licence — replacing several different and complex schemes. Responsibility for issuing licences now rests with local authorities, specifically London boroughs, Metropolitan boroughs, unitary authorities, and district councils, who took over this power from the Justices of the Peace. These authorities are each required to establish a Licensing Committee, which acts in a quasi-judicial capacity under the Act. The powers of the Act came fully into force at midnight at the start of 24 November 2005.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Florida Division of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco", "text": "these tasks using both sworn Special Agents and non-sworn civilian Investigative Specialists (Inspectors). Enforcement operates 12 district offices to fulfill its duties. The Bureau of Licensing is responsible for the issuance of all alcoholic beverage licenses and cigarette or other tobacco product permits, and for the maintenance of all records pertaining to these licenses throughout the state. Florida law requires that licenses may only be issued to persons who are at least twenty-one years of age, are of good moral character, and who have not been convicted of certain criminal offenses within a prescribed period of time. This bureau determines", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11702383", "score": "0.8873179", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Censorship in Thailand", "text": "the broadcasting regulator is authorized to issue \"community broadcast\" licenses to stations which offer non-commercial service to a local audience. The Broadcasting Act of 2008 prohibits the community broadcaster from engaging in commercial activities or undertake any commercial undertaking. As of July 2008, no community broadcast license has been sought or issued. The National Telecommunications Commission as a temporary regulator/licensor of CR and CTV in Thailand proposed a draft \"provisional license\" for CR and CTV in May 2009. During June, an NTC subcommittee on broadcasting went around Thailand to \"pre-register\" prospective CR operators with the expectation that when the regulation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8251906", "score": "0.8871695", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Liquor and Cannabis Regulation Branch", "text": "Liquor and Cannabis Regulation Branch The Liquor and Cannabis Regulation Branch (formerly the Liquor Control and Licensing Branch) is the agency of the government of British Columbia, within the Ministry of Small Business and Red Tape Reduction, responsible for issuing liquor licenses in the province and for enforcing the provisions of the \"Liquor Control and Licensing Act\". British Columbia's government also has a separate Liquor Distribution Branch, which is responsible for operating the province's monopoly on the sale of alcoholic beverages. The BC Liquor Distribution Branch is one of the world's largest importers, distributors and retailers of wines, beer and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7624880", "score": "0.8857151", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Local marketing agreement", "text": "Local marketing agreement In North American broadcasting, a local marketing agreement (or local management agreement, abbreviated as an LMA) is a contract in which one company agrees to operate a radio or television station owned by another party. In essence, it is a sort of lease or time-buy.</P? Under Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, a local marketing agreement must give the company operating the station (the \"senior\" partner) under the agreemen<t control over the entire facilities of the station, including the finances, personnel and programming of the station. Its original licensee (the \"junior\" partner) still remains legally responsible for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3359101", "score": "0.88346684", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Local Community Radio Act", "text": "who are blind or hearing impaired.) This protection was to ensure that such channels are not subject to possible interference by LPFM stations. The final part of the bill required that when giving out licenses to FM stations, the FCC must make licenses available to LPFM stations and that licensing decisions be made with regard to local community needs. The bill had unanimous bipartisan support from FCC leadership. It was passed by the House and referred to the Senate. The Local Community Radio Act of 2010 (based upon legislation originally introduced in 2005) was signed into law by President Barack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13944457", "score": "0.88318753", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cannabis in Zimbabwe", "text": "licenses is a maximum of five years and renewable allowing growers to own, sell, and transport cannabis in dried and oil forms. Applicants are required to state plans for the growing site along with quantity for production and selling as well as production period. The health minister has the prerogative not to approve a license if it causes risks in terms of public health and security. The Zimbabwe Mail reported that ministers of parliament lobbied for the reduction of the “$50,000 license fee imposed on growers if they want to produce cannabis commercially.” According to these legislators, the fees are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20477106", "score": "0.87855554", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "City of license", "text": "City of license In American, Canadian and Philippine broadcasting, a city of license or community of license is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator. In North American broadcast law, the concept of \"community of license\" dates to the early days of AM radio broadcasting. The requirement that a broadcasting station operate a \"main studio\" within a prescribed distance of the community which the station is licensed to serve appears in U.S. law as early as 1939. Various specific obligations have been applied to broadcasters by governments to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2952074", "score": "0.8770618", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Florida Division of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco", "text": "Bureau also performs brand registration of all alcoholic beverages, the registration of all salesman for spirituous beverages and wines, and the issuance of cooperative pool buying approvals, wholesale alcoholic beverage licenses, wholesale cigarette and other tobacco products permits, retail cigarette and other tobacco products permits, common carrier licenses for airplanes, trains, boats and other vehicle permits. Licensing operates 11 district offices throughout the state to assist applicants and the public. The Bureau Auditing is responsible for the auditing and collection of excise taxes levied upon alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, and other tobacco products sold in Florida, as well as the auditing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11702386", "score": "0.8761302", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Firearms legislation in Ireland", "text": "licensing person, whether that is the local Superintendent or the local Chief Superintendent, have significant powers in law with regard to licensing decisions and may impose preconditions he or she requires of an applicant before granting a licence so long as such preconditions are imposed on a case-by-case basis (blanket preconditions having been deemed beyond the legal authority of the licensing person by the Supreme Court ). The local Superintendent and local Chief Superintendent also have wide-ranging powers to revoke firearms certificates. The Legal firearms are Shooting ranges in Ireland must be granted both planning permission by the local county", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17190319", "score": "0.87537634", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Toronto Licensing Commission", "text": "Standards Committee. Toronto Licensing Commission Municipal Licensing & Standards is a municipal body in Toronto which grants licenses and permits for certain activities under the city's jurisdiction including: Municipal Licensing & Standards provides bylaw administration and enforcement services, including targeted strategies to address graffiti, noise, business inspections, parks regulations and animal services issues. Services also include business licensing and permitting, property standards, and animal care including control, shelter and adoption services. The Commission replaced the old Metro Toronto Licensing Commission and various other bodies of the former municipalities of Metro Toronto and will now report to Howard Moscoe of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9270490", "score": "0.8731488", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Liquor license", "text": "license eligibility are: The Department of Alcoholic Beverage (ABC) in California was established in 1955. California ABC has the power to issue, deny, suspend or revoke any specific alcoholic beverage license. The department has three divisions: administration, licensing and compliance and each division has specific responsibilities. The types of retail licenses in California are: Each licenses require different application processes. California ABC has investigators, also known as peace officers and they are responsible for investigating and make arrests for any violations if possible. The Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) previously known as Texas Liquor Control Board is the agency responsible", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8809754", "score": "0.8721827", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Media of Thailand", "text": "government, the military, or subject to concession agreements which give \"de facto\" censoring power to the government as an owner. As of June 2009, the National Telecommunications Commission as a temporary regulator/licensor for community radio and cable television, proposed the draft \"Provisional CR License\" and requested comment from the public. The regulation on CR Temporary License became effective on 25 July 2009 and the first license could be issued 30 days following the effective date. The provisional license will be in force for 300 days but can be renewed for another similar period or until the new regulator comes into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6538282", "score": "0.86948305", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Andy Foster", "text": "Commission; consults with the Commission to identify issues that warrant attention and involvement; recommends changes in Commission policy; implements and maintains overall policy established by the Commission. Makes final decisions regarding the application of Commission laws and regulations relative to licensing; monitors the licensing program; issues licenses in accordance with policies, rules and regulations established by the Commission; develops and presents licensing program changes and/or modifications to the Commission for approval; takes punitive action against licensees when situations warrant in accordance with policies established by the Commission; confers with attorneys and administrators on problems regarding policy decisions and legal opinions.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14941833", "score": "0.8694782", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Leeds City Council", "text": "are overseen by six scrutiny boards. These panels involve councillors from all parties and some independent members. Scrutiny boards are able to review decisions taken by the executive or by officers of the council and to refer them for further consideration. The licensing committee of the council is drawn from councillors from all parties and is responsible for entertainment, refreshment, personal and premises licences established under the Licensing Act 2003. Three plans panels are responsible for determining planning applications which have not been delegated to officers for decision, such as large or controversial applications or those in which a councillor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6378615", "score": "0.8691009", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Cannabis in Florida", "text": "received its first read on March 4, 2014 and states: \"requiring the Department of Business and Professional Regulation to regulate the manufacture, cultivation, possession, wholesale distribution, dispensing, purchase, delivery, and sale of cannabis for medical use and the manufacture, possession, purchase, sale, use, and delivery of drug paraphernalia; providing that the department is responsible for the licensure and permitting of dispensaries and medical cannabis farms and the registration of owners, directors, officers, members, incorporators, employees, and agents of such farms and dispensaries, etc.\" This bill would create more restrictive rules then exist in any of the other states which have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19828581", "score": "0.8681002", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Audiovisual Media Authority (Albania)", "text": "Audiovisual Media Authority (Albania) The Audiovisual Media Authority (AMA) () is a statutory authority of the Albanian Government responsible for licensing and regulating the broadcasting and telecommunications industries in Albania. The organisation is authorised to investigate complaints made regarding programmes, issue warnings and fines, or even suspend the license of the radio or television station. The AMA was formed on July 2007. The AMA is run by 7 members (including the chairman and vice-chairman ) appointed by the Albanian Parliament for a period of 5 years, with the right of renewal only once. Among the 7 members of the AMA's,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20185048", "score": "0.86757904", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Toronto Licensing Commission", "text": "Toronto Licensing Commission Municipal Licensing & Standards is a municipal body in Toronto which grants licenses and permits for certain activities under the city's jurisdiction including: Municipal Licensing & Standards provides bylaw administration and enforcement services, including targeted strategies to address graffiti, noise, business inspections, parks regulations and animal services issues. Services also include business licensing and permitting, property standards, and animal care including control, shelter and adoption services. The Commission replaced the old Metro Toronto Licensing Commission and various other bodies of the former municipalities of Metro Toronto and will now report to Howard Moscoe of the Licensing and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9270489", "score": "0.8645462", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Alcoholic Beverage Control Board (District of Columbia)", "text": "current chairman of the Board is Donovan Anderson. Alcoholic Beverage Control Board (District of Columbia) The Alcoholic Beverage Control Board is an independent adjudicatory body of the District of Columbia. Under Title 25 of the D.C. Official Code, the Board is responsible for overseeing the District's Alcoholic Beverage Regulation Administration and hiring its director, conducting investigations, the licensing process, handling complaints, keeping of records, and referral of evidence of criminal misconduct to the proper authorities. The Board is composed of seven members, appointed by the Mayor of the District of Columbia and confirmed by the Council of the District of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7627750", "score": "0.86441785", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Florida Division of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco", "text": "microfilm history check on each applicant or interested party to the license. Further, all license renewals are performed by the central staff, and divided so that approximately 50% of the renewals are performed during a six-month period. In addition to reviewing and processing new applications, renewals and transfers, Licensing also conducts the annual double random selection Quota Licensing drawing as pursuant to Section 561.19(2), Florida statutes. This law provides for the issuing of new licenses in counties where the population has increased based on the 1980 census figures or based upon estimates of increasing population. Aside from the above, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11702385", "score": "0.8642193", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Licensing trust", "text": "decile schools in the area; establishment at Bill McKinley Park of artificial turf for soccer and other community sporting activities, and assistance in developing the Auckland Netball Courts over the past five years which is now one of the largest sporting facilities in Auckland. Licensing trust A licensing trust under New Zealand law is a community-owned company with a government-authorised monopoly on the development of premises licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages and associated accommodation in an area. This applies to both on-licence and off-licence sales. The Invercargill Licensing Trust (ILT) in 1944 was the first such body, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9000118", "score": "0.8635847", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Pangaea" ]

[ { "title": "Continent", "text": "Vespucci's name in 1502 or 1503, although it seems that it had additions or alterations by another writer. Regardless of who penned the words, \"Mundus Novus\" credited Vespucci with saying, \"I have discovered a continent in those southern regions that is inhabited by more numerous people and animals than our Europe, or Asia or Africa\", the first known explicit identification of part of the Americas as a continent like the other three. Within a few years, the name \"New World\" began appearing as a name for South America on world maps, such as the Oliveriana (Pesaro) map of around 1504–1505.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12539132", "score": "1.0292252", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Terra Australis", "text": "Incognita (\"the unknown land of the south\") or Terra Australis Nondum Cognita (\"the southern land not yet known\"). Other names were Brasiliae Australis (\"the south of Brazil\"), and Magellanica (\"the land of Magellan\"). During the eighteenth century, today's Australia was not conflated with \"Terra Australis\", as it sometimes was in the twentieth century. Captain Cook and his contemporaries knew that the fifth continent (today's Australia), which they called \"New Holland\", was entirely separate from the imagined (but still undiscovered) sixth continent (today's Antarctica), which they called \"the Southern Continent\" or \"Terra Australis\", sometimes shortened to \"Australia\". In the nineteenth century,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "572553", "score": "0.9813777", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Continent", "text": "Introductio\", Waldseemüller noted that the earth is divided into four parts, Europe, Asia, Africa and the fourth part, which he named \"America\" after Amerigo Vespucci's first name. On the map, the word \"America\" was placed on part of South America. From the 16th century the English noun \"continent\" was derived from the term \"continent land\", meaning continuous or connected land and translated from the Latin \"terra continens\". The noun was used to mean \"a connected or continuous tract of land\" or mainland. It was not applied only to very large areas of land—in the 17th century, references were made to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12539134", "score": "0.9806782", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "North America", "text": "Vespucci, who explored South America between 1497 and 1502, was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a different landmass previously unknown by Europeans. In 1507, Waldseemüller produced a world map, in which he placed the word \"America\" on the continent of South America, in the middle of what is today Brazil. He explained the rationale for the name in the accompanying book \"Cosmographiae Introductio\": For Waldseemüller, no one should object to the naming of the land after its discoverer. He used the Latinized version of Vespucci's name (Americus Vespucius), but in its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "280021", "score": "0.974257", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Pangaea", "text": "Earth, land\"). The concept that the continents once formed a continuous land mass was first proposed by Alfred Wegener, the originator of the scientific theory of continental drift, in his 1912 publication \"The Origin of Continents\" (\"Die Entstehung der Kontinente\"). He expanded upon his hypothesis in his 1915 book \"The Origin of Continents and Oceans\" (\"Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane\"), in which he postulated that, before breaking up and drifting to their present locations, all the continents had formed a single supercontinent that he called the \"\"Urkontinent\"\". The name \"Pangea\" occurs in the 1920 edition of \"Die Entstehung der", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12553035", "score": "0.96146977", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Naming of the Americas", "text": "unitary continent, the form is generally \"the continent of America\" in the singular. However, without a clarifying context, singular \"America\" in English commonly refers to the United States of America. The earliest known use of the name \"America\" dates to April 25, 1507, where it was applied to what is now known as South America. It appears on a small globe map with twelve time zones, together with the largest wall map made to date, both created by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in France. These were the first maps to show the Americas as a land mass", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1488851", "score": "0.95026755", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Antarctica", "text": "the north\". For example, the short-lived French colony established in Brazil in the 16th century was called \"France Antarctique\". The first formal use of the name \"Antarctica\" as a continental name in the 1890s is attributed to the Scottish cartographer John George Bartholomew. The long-imagined (but undiscovered) south polar continent was originally called \"Terra Australis\", sometimes shortened to 'Australia' as seen in a woodcut illustration titled \"Sphere of the winds\", contained in an astrological textbook published in Frankfurt in 1545. Although the longer Latin phrase was better known, the shortened name \"Australia\" was used in Europe's scholarly circles. Then in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12368939", "score": "0.9445853", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Continent Makers", "text": "land area of the overpopulated twenty-second century Earth by creating new continents through the manipulation of geological forces. The project's initial goal is to raise a new land mass to be called Gamanovia around the existing Ascension Island in the South Atlantic. The name of the proposed new continent was chosen to honor fifteenth century Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama, the first European to navigate the region's waters, and for João da Nova, who discovered Ascension Island a few years later. A sinister group concealing itself under the mask of the bogus Churchillian Society, supposedly dedicated to proving that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9852980", "score": "0.94397485", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Southern Ocean", "text": "the \"Terra Australis Incognita\" (\"Unknown Southern Land\"), a vast continent stretching in parts into the tropics. The search for this great south land was a leading motive of explorers in the 16th and the early part of the 17th centuries. The Spaniard Gabriel de Castilla, who claimed having sighted \"snow-covered mountains\" beyond the 64° S in 1603, is recognized as the first explorer that discovered the continent of Antarctica, although he was ignored in his time. In 1606, Pedro Fernández de Quirós took possession for the king of Spain all of the lands he had discovered in Australia del Espiritu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12774236", "score": "0.93769455", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Pangaea", "text": "Pangaea or Pangea ( /pænˈdʒiːə/) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago. In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a superocean, Panthalassa. Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Amerigo Vespucci", "text": "view. The book accompanying the map stated: \"I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part, after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerige, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women\". It is possible that Vespucci was not aware that Waldseemüller had named the continent after him. The two disputed letters claim that Vespucci made four voyages to America, while at most two can be verified from other sources. At the moment, there is a dispute between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21628", "score": "0.92169464", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Johannes Schöner globe", "text": "Antarctic continent which had not been explored at that date. On Schöner’s 1515 and 1520 globes, is shown as an island, as he explained in the \"Luculentissima\": America, the fourth part of the world, and the other islands belonging to it. In this way it may be known that the Earth is in four parts and that the first three parts are continents, that is, terra firma, but that the fourth is an island, for it is seen to be surrounded everywhere by the seas”. This is drawn from the \"Cosmographiae Introductio\" of Martin Waldseemüller, which said: Hitherto [the whole", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7794049", "score": "0.9214635", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "North America", "text": "feminine form \"America\", following the examples of \"Europa\", \"Asia\" and \"Africa\". Later, other mapmakers extended the name \"America\" to the northern continent, In 1538, Gerard Mercator used \"America\" on his map of the world for all the Western Hemisphere. Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty and so a derivation from \"Amerigo Vespucci\" could be problematic. Ricardo Palma (1949) proposed a derivation from the \"Amerrique\" mountains of Central America—Vespucci was the first to discover South America and the \"Amerrique\" mountains of Central America, which connected his discoveries to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "280022", "score": "0.91870743", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Matthias Ringmann", "text": "version of the Italian name Amerigo]. […] We do not see why the name of the man of genius, Amerigo, who has discovered them, should not be given to these lands, as Europe and Asia have adopted the names of women.\" When the book was published by the name \"Cosmographiae Introductio\" on April 25, 1507, it was the first time that the word 'Americas' appeared in print. Waldseemüller corrected the error in a later edition and named South America \"Terra Nova\", but the name America had now already been established. Ringmann corrected the texts of the Latin editions of Ptolemy's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4856547", "score": "0.91773427", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Lemuria (continent)", "text": "of which some have become amalgamated with ... Africa, some ... with what is now Asia; and that in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands we have existing relics of this great continent, for which ... I should propose the name Lemuria! Sclater's theory was hardly unusual for his time; \"land bridges\", real and imagined, fascinated several of Sclater's contemporaries. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, also looking at the relationship between animals in India and Madagascar, had suggested a southern continent about two decades before Sclater, but did not give it a name. The acceptance of Darwinism led scientists to seek to trace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2670928", "score": "0.9122477", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Naming of the Americas", "text": "separate from Asia. An accompanying book, \"Cosmographiae Introductio\", anonymous but apparently written by Waldseemüller's collaborator Matthias Ringmann, states, \"I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part [that is, the South American mainland], after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerigen, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women\". \"Americus Vesputius\" was the Latinized version of the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci's name, the forename being an old Italianization (compare modern Italian Enrico) of Medieval Latin \"Emericus\" (see Saint", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1488852", "score": "0.9113548", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Americas", "text": "Vespucci's first name. The feminine form \"America\" accorded with the feminine names of Asia, Africa, and Europa. In modern English, North and South America are generally considered separate continents, and taken together are called \"America\" or \"the Americas\" in the plural. When conceived as a unitary continent, the form is generally \"the continent of America\" in the singular. However, without a clarifying context, singular \"America\" in English commonly refers to the United States of America. Historically, in the English-speaking world, the term America used to refer to a single continent until the 1950s (as in Van Loon's Geography of 1937):", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "407888", "score": "0.91065633", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Geography of Asia", "text": "one: the islands, nēsoi, versus the mainland, ēpeiros. One etymology relates ēpeir- to the same Indo-European root from which English \"over\" came. The Armenian form means \"bank, coast.\" The Greek form must be some sort of \"overland,\" whether continuous land or a coast that looms over. In Latin it became continens terra, \"the continuous land,\" shortened to just continens, stem continent-. Most ships of the Archaic Period were not ocean-going. They followed the shores closely, ready to put in at the first sign of trouble. It is not surprising that the first continents were \"shores,\" as they are in Herodotus,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4325526", "score": "0.90953296", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Continent", "text": "had reached a new continent—he always thought it was part of Asia. In 1501, Amerigo Vespucci and Gonçalo Coelho attempted to sail around what they considered the southern end of the Asian mainland into the Indian Ocean, passing through Fernando de Noronha. After reaching the coast of Brazil, they sailed a long way further south along the coast of South America, confirming that this was a land of continental proportions and that it also extended much further south than Asia was known to. On return to Europe, an account of the voyage, called \"Mundus Novus\" (\"New World\"), was published under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12539131", "score": "0.9088814", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Globus Jagellonicus", "text": "globe is considered the earliest existing globe to indicate any part of the New World and the first to delineate the South American continent. It is also the oldest globe on which the continent of America is shown to be distinct from that of Asia. It uses the name \"America\", which had been introduced in 1507 by Martin Waldseemüller in his Universalis Cosmographia, though for a continent located to the south of India. A replica of the globe is on display in the Polish Nationality Room at the University of Pittsburgh Robert J. King has pointed out that America was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9458712", "score": "0.90804636", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Asia", "text": "was originally a concept of Greek civilization, though this might not correspond to the entire continent currently known by that name. The English word comes from Latin literature, where it has the same form, \"Asia\". Whether \"Asia\" in other languages comes from Latin of the Roman Empire is much less certain, and the ultimate source of the Latin word is uncertain, though several theories have been published. One of the first classical writers to use Asia as a name of the whole continent was Pliny. This metonymical change in meaning is common and can be observed in some other geographical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9671", "score": "0.9039642", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Johannes Schöner globe", "text": "Presill”, the \"Zeytung\" meant that part of Brazil in the lower latitudes, but Schöner mistook it to mean the land on the southern side of the “strait”, in higher latitudes, and so gave to it the opposite meaning. On this slender foundation he constructed his circum-Antarctic continent to which, for reasons that he does not explain he gave an annular, or ring shape. In the \"Luculentissima\" he explained: The Portuguese, thus, sailed around this region, the Brasilie Regio, and discovered the passage very similar to that of our Europe (where we reside) and situated laterally between east and west. From", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7794058", "score": "0.90190095", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Martin Waldseemüller", "text": "be heard in the following), and I do not see why anyone should justifiably forbid it to be called \"Amerige\", as if \"Americus' Land\", or \"America\", from its discoverer Americus, a man of perceptive character; since both Europa and Asia have received their names from women. In 1513, Waldseemüller appears to have had second thoughts about the name, probably due to contemporary protests about Vespucci’s role in the discovery and naming of America, or just carefully waiting for the official discovery of the whole northwestern coast of what is now called North America, as separated from East Asia. In his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "274098", "score": "0.9008025", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Terra Australis", "text": "a context. Schöner called the continent \"Brasiliae Australis\" in his 1533 tract, \"Opusculum geographicum\". In it, he explained: Brasilia Australis is an immense region toward Antarcticum, newly discovered but not yet fully surveyed, which extends as far as Melacha and somewhat beyond. The inhabitants of this region lead good, honest lives and are not Anthropophagi [cannibals] like other barbarian nations; they have no letters, nor do they have kings, but they venerate their elders and offer them obedience; they give the name Thomas to their children [after St Thomas the Apostle]; close to this region lies the great island of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "572558", "score": "0.90031487", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Matthew Flinders", "text": "consciousness and died the next day, never knowing that his name for the continent would be later accepted. Banks wrote in a draft introduction to Flinders' \"Voyage\", referring to the map published by Melchisedec Thevenot in \"Relations des Divers Voyages\" (1663), and made well-known to English readers by Emanuel Bowen's adaptation of it, \"A Complete Map of the Southern Continent\", published in John Campbell's editions of John Harris's \"Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca, or Voyages and Travels\" (1744–48, and 1764): It was not until after Tasman's second voyage, in 1644, that the general name Terra Australis, or Great South Land, was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9046843", "score": "0.89832795", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Antarctica", "text": "part of the fabled \"Antarctica\", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size. Integral to the story of the origin of Antarctica's name is that it was not named \"Terra Australis\"—this name was given to Australia instead, because of the misconception that no significant landmass could exist further south. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularising the transfer of the name \"Terra Australis\" to Australia. He justified the titling of his book \"A Voyage to Terra Australis\" (1814) by writing in the introduction: European maps continued to show this hypothesised land until Captain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12368942", "score": "0.8982186", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Martin Waldseemüller", "text": "reworking of the Ptolemy atlas, the continent is labelled simply \"Terra Incognita\" (unknown land). Despite the revision, 1,000 copies of the world maps had since been distributed, and the original suggestion took hold. While North America was still called \"Indies\" in documents for some time, it was eventually called \"America\" as well. The wall map was lost for a long time, but a copy was found in Schloss Wolfegg in southern Germany by Joseph Fischer in 1901. It is still the only copy known to survive, and it was purchased by the United States Library of Congress in May 2003", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "274099", "score": "0.89551735", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Terra Australis", "text": "believed to be real) were: Terra Australis Terra Australis (Latin for \"South Land\") was a hypothetical continent first posited in antiquity and which appeared on maps between the 15th and 18th centuries. The existence of Terra Australis was not based on any survey or direct observation, but rather on the idea that continental land in the Northern Hemisphere should be balanced by land in the south. This theory of balancing land has been documented as early as the 5th century on maps by Macrobius, who uses the term Australis on his maps. Other names for the hypothetical continent have included", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "572590", "score": "0.8946138", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Africa", "text": "the Red Sea the boundary between Asia and Africa. As Europeans came to understand the real extent of the continent, the idea of \"Africa\" expanded with their knowledge. Other etymological hypotheses have been postulated for the ancient name \"Africa\": Africa is considered by most paleoanthropologists to be the oldest inhabited territory on Earth, with the human species originating from the continent. During the mid-20th century, anthropologists discovered many fossils and evidence of human occupation perhaps as early as 7 million years ago (BP=before present). Fossil remains of several species of early apelike humans thought to have evolved into modern man,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7919045", "score": "0.893729", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Terra Australis", "text": "Terra Australis Terra Australis (Latin for \"South Land\") was a hypothetical continent first posited in antiquity and which appeared on maps between the 15th and 18th centuries. The existence of Terra Australis was not based on any survey or direct observation, but rather on the idea that continental land in the Northern Hemisphere should be balanced by land in the south. This theory of balancing land has been documented as early as the 5th century on maps by Macrobius, who uses the term Australis on his maps. Other names for the hypothetical continent have included Terra Australis Ignota, Terra Australis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "572552", "score": "0.89322066", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Necator americanus", "Ancylostoma duodenale" ]

[ { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "Helminthiasis Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites, which are broadly classified into tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. They often live in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts, but they may also burrow into other organs, where they induce physiological damage. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are the most important helminthiases, and are among the neglected tropical diseases. This group of helmianthiases have been targeted under the joint action of the world's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725496", "score": "0.9912845", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "memory and fluency. Large parasite burdens, particularly severe hookworm infections, are also associated with absenteeism, under-enrollment, and attrition in school children. Of all the known helminth species, the most important helminths with respect to understanding their transmission pathways, their control, inactivation and enumeration in samples of human excreta from dried feces, faecal sludge, wastewater, and sewage sludge are: Helminthiases are classified as follows (the disease names end with \"-sis\" and the causative worms are in brackets): Helminths are transmitted to the final host in several ways. The most common infection is through ingestion of contaminated vegetables, drinking water, and raw", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725505", "score": "0.97443515", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Illithid", "text": "4 inches and 6 feet 2 inches. The most desirable of races for hosts are Humans, Drow, Elves, Githzerai, Githyanki , Grimlocks, Gnolls, Goblinoids, and Orcs. Upon being implanted (through the ear canal), the larva then grows and consumes the host's brain, absorbing the host's physical form entirely and becoming sapient itself, a physically mature (but mentally young) Illithid. This process is called \"ceremorphosis\". Illithids often experiment with non-humanoid hosts, but ceremorphosis involving other creatures usually fails, killing both host and larva. The transformation between the host (almost always a human or similar humanoid, such as an elf or dwarf)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "813580", "score": "0.95722616", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Hematophagy", "text": "Hematophagy Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα \"haima\" \"blood\" and φάγειν \"phagein\" \"to eat\"). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious proteins and lipids that can be taken without great effort, hematophagy has evolved as a preferred form of feeding for many small animals, such as worms and arthropods. Some intestinal nematodes, such as Ancylostomids, feed on blood extracted from the capillaries of the gut, and about 75 percent of all species of leeches (e.g., \"Hirudo medicinalis\"), a free-living worm, are hematophagous. Some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15341039", "score": "0.9520405", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Parasitic worm", "text": "Parasitic worm Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites, which as adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. Many are intestinal worms that are soil-transmitted and infect the gastrointestinal tract. Other parasitic worms such as schistosomes reside in blood vessels. There is no taxonomy of parasitic worms since it is an umbrella term that includes many species of worm from different genera, having parasitism as a commonality. These include two classes of the flatworm (Platyhelminthes) phylum, namely cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes and blood flukes), many species of nematodes (roundworms), and the acanthocephalins known as thorny-headed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6157227", "score": "0.94756645", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Helminthology", "text": "Helminthology Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms (helminths), while helminthiasis describes the medical condition of being infected with helminths. Helminthology studies the taxonomy of helminths and their effects on their hosts. The origin of the first compound of the word is the Greek \"ἕλμινς\" - helmins, meaning \"worm\". In the 18th and early 19th century there was wave of publications on helminthology; this period has been described as the science's \"Golden Era\". During that period the authors Félix Dujardin, William Blaxland Benham, Peter Simon Pallas, Marcus Elieser Bloch, Otto Friedrich Müller, Johann Goeze, Friedrich Zenker, Charles Wardell Stiles, Carl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5508394", "score": "0.93642604", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Vandellia", "text": "dark bands extending from the dorsal fin and the anal fin and converging onto the caudal fin. \"V. sanguinea\" may grow to 5.3 centimetres (2.1 in) SL. \"V. cirrhosa\" grows up to SL. These species are hematophagous (blood-consuming) parasites, like all other members of the subfamily Vandelliinae. \"V. cirrhosa\" uses visual and chemo-sensory orientation to find potential hosts. It is active both during the daytime and nighttime while foraging. \"V. cirrhosa\" enters the gill chambers of larger fish to suck blood. It bites mostly at the ventral or dorsal aorta arteries, and the blood is pumped into its gut by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5152661", "score": "0.93607795", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "the body. Helminths excrete into the intestine toxic substances after they feed. These substances then enter the circulatory and lymphatic systems of the host body. Chronic immune responses to helminthiasis may lead to increased susceptibility to other infections such as tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria. There is conflicting information about whether deworming reduces HIV progression and viral load and increases CD4 counts in antiretroviral naive and experienced individuals, although the most recent Cochrane review found some evidence that this approach might have favorable effects. Chronic helminthiasis may cause severe morbidity. Helminthiasis has been found to result in poor birth outcome, poor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725500", "score": "0.93526113", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Parasitic worm", "text": "number of different helminth species is vast: it is estimated to be around one million species. The nematodes are the most diverse of all the helminths with the highest number of species. There may be as many as 300,000 species of parasites affecting vertebrates, and as many as 300 affecting humans alone. Characteristics that are common for all helminths include: Lifetime: Eggs: Larvae: The following table shows the principal morphological and reproductive distinctions for three helminth groups: Draft genomes for all categories of helminth have been sequenced in recent years and are available through the ParaSite sub-portal of WormBase. Parasitic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6157232", "score": "0.93483496", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "Helminths may cause iron-deficiency anemia. This is most severe in heavy hookworm infections, as Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale feed directly on the blood of their hosts. Although the daily consumption of an individual worm (0.02–0.07 ml and 0.14–0.26 ml respectively) is small, the collective consumption under heavy infection can be clinically significantly. Intestinal whipworm may also cause anemia. Anemia has also been associated with reduced stamina for physical labor, a decline in the ability to learn new information, and apathy, irritability, and fatigue. A study of the effect of deworming and iron supplementation in 47 students from the Democratic", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "including sub-Saharan Africa, central and east Asia, and the Americas. Some types of helminthiases are classified as neglected tropical diseases. They include: The soil-transmitted helminths (\"A. lumbricoides\", \"T. trichiura\", \"N. americanus\", \"A. duodenale)\", schistosomes, and filarial worms collectively infect more than a quarter of the human population worldwide at any one time, far surpassing HIV and malaria together. Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent parasitic disease of humans after malaria. In 2014–15, the WHO estimated that approximately 2 billion people were infected with soil-transmitted helminthiases, 249 million with schistosomiasis, 56 million people with food-borne trematodiasis, 120 million with lymphatic filariasis,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725511", "score": "0.932054", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Parasitic worm", "text": "name of a type of helminth, and ascariasis is the name of the infection caused by that helminth. There is no real consensus on the taxonomy (or groupings) of the helminths, particularly with the nematodes. The term \"helminth\" contains a number of phyla, many of which are completely unrelated. However, for practical considerations the term is still used nowadays to describe four groups with superficial similarities, the phyla Annelida, Platyhelminths, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. There is in fact no helminth classification; it is an \"artificial\" term. The most important helminths in the sanitation field are the human parasites, which is why", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6157230", "score": "0.93175423", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Helminthology", "text": "Asmund Rudolphi, Otto Friedrich Bernhard von Linstow and Johann Gottfried Bremser started systematic scientific studies of the subject. The Japanese parasitologist Satyu Yamaguti was one of the most active helminthologists of the 20th century; he wrote the six-volume \"Systema Helminthum\". Helminthology Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms (helminths), while helminthiasis describes the medical condition of being infected with helminths. Helminthology studies the taxonomy of helminths and their effects on their hosts. The origin of the first compound of the word is the Greek \"ἕλμινς\" - helmins, meaning \"worm\". In the 18th and early 19th century there was wave of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5508395", "score": "0.91992044", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Parasitic worm", "text": "worms. Some other parasitic worm species from the annelids (ringed worms), including the leeches are ectoparasites and so are not classified as helminths which are endoparasites. Parasitic worms live in and feed in living hosts. They receive nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts' nutrient absorption. This can cause weakness and disease of the host. In their adult form, parasitic worms cannot multiply in humans. Helminths are able to survive in their mammalian hosts for many years due to their ability to manipulate the immune response by secreting immunomodulatory products. All parasitic worms produce eggs for reproduction. These eggs have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6157228", "score": "0.9186437", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "transmitted helminthiasis. The 1990–2013 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated 5,500 direct deaths from schistosomiasis, while more than 200,000 people were estimated in 2013 to die annually from causes related to schistosomiasis. Another 20 million have severe consequences from the disease. It is the most deadly of the neglected tropical diseases. Helminthiasis Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites, which are broadly classified into tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. They often", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725515", "score": "0.9182356", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hepatozoon", "text": "blood films. When the invertebrate vector feeds on the blood of the infected vertebrate, the gamonts are taken up into the gut once more, where they undergo gametogenesis and the cycle begins once more. This simplified lifecycle is, of course, insufficient for species which infect vertebrate and invertebrate hosts which do not directly feed on one another, necessitating an even more complex cycle. For instance, \"Hepatozoon sipedon\" infects mosquitoes and snakes, but since snakes do not typically feed on mosquitoes, a third, intermediate host is required, in this case a frog. The frog ingests the infected mosquito, and the snake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5496609", "score": "0.9164561", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Haematopinus suis", "text": "acts as an anticoagulant. Once penetrated, the blood is sucked up the food channel by a mechanism located in the louse's head. The blood enters the digestive tract, where enzymes hemolyse erythrocytes (the blood is essentially disintegrated to keep it in liquid form); the hemolysation may also serve to inhibit disease transmission (i.e. bacterial infection). Nymphal \"H. suis\" spend most of their time in and around the head region of the hog, specifically the ears. As they mature, they move to other areas on the host's body, primarily the abdominal region. Because it is a permanent parasite, the hog louse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17627591", "score": "0.9112445", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Parasitic worm", "text": "having a parasitological infection, such as schistosomiasis. Parasitic worm Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites, which as adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. Many are intestinal worms that are soil-transmitted and infect the gastrointestinal tract. Other parasitic worms such as schistosomes reside in blood vessels. There is no taxonomy of parasitic worms since it is an umbrella term that includes many species of worm from different genera, having parasitism as a commonality. These include two classes of the flatworm (Platyhelminthes) phylum, namely cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes and blood flukes), many species of nematodes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6157246", "score": "0.9106851", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Hookworm infection", "text": "of the mucous membranes, fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath and in cases running a fatal course, dysentery, hemorrhages and edema. The worms suck blood and damage the mucosa. However, the blood loss in the stools is not visibly apparent. Blood tests in early infection often show a rise in numbers of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that is preferentially stimulated by worm infections in tissues (large numbers of eosinophils are also present in the local inflammatory response). Falling blood hemoglobin levels will be seen in cases of prolonged infection with anemia. In contrast to most intestinal helminthiases,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3929536", "score": "0.9104855", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Leech", "text": "non-protusible pharynx which may or may not be armed with jaws. In the proboscisless leeches, the jaws of Arhynchobdellids are at the front of the mouth, and have three blades set at an angle to each other. In feeding these slice their way through the skin of the host, leaving a Y-shaped incision. Behind the blades is the mouth, located ventrally at the anterior end of the body. It leads successively into the pharynx, a short oesophagus, a crop (in some species), a stomach and a hindgut, which ends at an anus located just above the posterior sucker. The stomach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12255736", "score": "0.90535593", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "a number of factors including: the site of the infestation within the body; the type of worm involved; the number of worms and their volume; the type of damage the infesting worms cause; and, the immunological response of the body. Where the burden of parasites in the body is light, there may be no symptoms. Certain worms may cause particular constellations of symptoms. For instance, taeniasis can lead to seizures due to neurocysticercosis. In extreme cases of intestinal infestation, the mass and volume of the worms may cause the outer layers of the intestinal wall, such as the muscular layer,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725498", "score": "0.9053168", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Parasitic worm", "text": "most people relate the term helminth to them, where they are classified as nemathelminthes (nematodes) and platyhelminthes, depending on whether they possess a round or flat-shaped body respectively. The latter are further divided into cestodes and trematodes depending on whether or not they have a segmented body. Ringworm (dermatophytosis) is actually caused by various fungi and not by a parasitic worm. Helminths are a group of organisms which share a similar form but are not necessarily related as part of evolution. Helminths include members of the following taxa: monogeneans, cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (flukes), and acanthocephalins (thorny-headed worms). The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6157231", "score": "0.90255016", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "cognitive development, poor school and work performance, decreased productivity, poor socioeconomic development, and poverty. Helminthiasis may cause chronic illness through malnutrition including vitamin deficiencies, stunted growth, anemia, and protein-energy malnutrition. Worms compete directly with their hosts for nutrients, but the magnitude of this effect is likely minimal as the nutritional requirements of worms is relatively small. In pigs and humans, \"Ascaris\" has been linked to lactose intolerance and vitamin A, amino acid, and fat malabsorption. Impaired nutrient uptake may result from direct damage to the intestinal mucosal wall or from more subtle changes such as chemical imbalances and changes in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725501", "score": "0.90201205", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Hygiene hypothesis", "text": "pathogens known to cause disease in humans, helminths warrant special attention, because of their ability to modify the prevalence or severity of certain immune-related responses in human and mouse models. In fact recent research has shown that parasitic worms have served as a stronger selective pressure on select human genes encoding interleukins and interleukin receptors when compared to viral and bacterial pathogens. Helminths are thought to have been as old as the adaptive immune system, suggesting that they may have co-evolved, also implying that our immune system has been strongly focused on fighting off helminthic infections, insofar as to potentially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2433004", "score": "0.9017509", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Leech", "text": "may be a simple tube, but the crop, when present, is an enlarged part of the midgut with a number of pairs of ceca that stores ingested blood. The leech secretes an anticoagulant, hirudin, in its saliva which prevents the blood from clotting before ingestion. A mature medicinal leech may feed only twice a year, taking months to digest a blood meal. The bodies of predatory leeches are similar, though instead of jaws many have a protrusible proboscis, which for most of the time they keep retracted into the mouth. Such leeches are often ambush predators that lie in wait", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12255737", "score": "0.9008732", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Helminthiasis", "text": "gut flora. Alternatively, the worms’ release of protease inhibitors to defend against the body's digestive processes may impair the breakdown of other nutrients. In addition, worm induced diarrhoea may shorten gut transit time, thus reducing absorption of nutrients. Malnutrition due to worms can give rise to anorexia. A study of 459 children in Zanzibar revealed spontaneous increases in appetite after deworming. Anorexia might be a result of the body's immune response and the stress of combating infection. Specifically, some of the cytokines released in the immune response to worm infestation have been linked to anorexia in animals. Helminths may cause", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3725502", "score": "0.9002049", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Earthworm", "text": "a worm is the digestive tract, which runs straight through from mouth to anus without coiling, and is flanked above and below by blood vessels (the dorsal blood vessel and the ventral blood vessel as well as a subneural blood vessel) and the ventral nerve cord, and is surrounded in each segment by a pair of pallial blood vessels that connect the dorsal to the subneural blood vessels. Many earthworms can eject coelomic fluid through pores in the back in response to stress; Australian \"Didymogaster sylvaticus\" (known as the \"blue squirter earthworm\") can squirt fluid as high as . The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12555192", "score": "0.89994913", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Serpula", "text": "floating in the plasma, and not contained within red blood cells. The ratio of plasma hemoglobin to chlorocruorin is high in younger individuals, but this ratio reverses as the animal matures. Presumably this reflects a lower oxygen consumption in the adult worm, relative to the juveniles. Like other annelids, these worms possess well-developed nervous systems. The nervous system consists of a central brain in the upper part of the head, which is relatively large compared with that of other annelids. Extending from the brain is a large ventral nerve cord running the length of the body. There are many supporting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14432060", "score": "0.8973706", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Soil-transmitted helminth", "text": "in school age children who harbour the highest intensity of worm infestation. Some of the significant morbidity attributed to intestinal helminthiasis are malnutrition, growth retardation, anaemia, vitamin A deficiency and impaired intellectual performance. Soil-transmitted helminth The soil-transmitted helminths (also called geohelminths) are a group of intestinal parasites belonging to the phylum Nematoda that are transmitted primarily through contaminated soil. They are so called because they have a direct life cycle which requires no intermediate hosts or vectors, and the parasitic infection occurs through faecal contamination of soil, foodstuffs and water supplies. The adult forms are essentially parasites of humans, causing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7202636", "score": "0.8953357", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Soil-transmitted helminthiasis", "text": "producing fever, cough and dyspnoea during early stage of infection. Hookworm infections insinuate a skin reaction (dermatitis), increased white blood cells (eosinophils), a pulmonary reaction (pneumonitis), and skin rash (urticarial). Iron deficiency anaemia due to blood loss is a common symptom. STH is often associated with malnutrition in children as it worsens their nutritional status in multiple ways. The worms can induce intestinal bleeding, competition for nutrients (malabsorption of nutrients), frequent anaemia and diarrhoea. Soil-transmitted helminths can also cause loss of appetite. These nutritional \"knock on\" effects of STH can have a significant impact on the mental and physical development", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17189159", "score": "0.89428437", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "March 31" ]

[ { "title": "2017 World Men's Curling Championship", "text": "of the sport to win the world junior title, the Olympic gold medal, and the world men's title, and Canada became the first country ever to be in simultaneous possession of Olympic and World championships in both men's and women's curling. The following nations qualified to participate in the 2017 World Men's Curling Championship: Year to date World Curling Tour order of merit ranking for each team prior to the event. \"Final Round Robin Standings\" All times listed in Mountain Daylight Time (UTC−6). \"Saturday, April 1, 14:00\" \"Saturday, April 1, 19:00\" \"Sunday, April 2, 9:00\" \"Sunday, April 2, 14:00\" \"Sunday,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19634692", "score": "1.1665025", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", "text": "\"Sunday, 18 February, 20:05\" \"Monday, 19 February, 14:05\" \"Tuesday, 20 February, 09:05\" \"Tuesday, 20 February, 20:05\" \"Wednesday, 21 February, 14:05\" \"Thursday, 22 February, 9:05\" \"Thursday, 22 February, 20:05\" \"Friday, 23 February, 15:35\" \"Saturday, 24 February, 15:35\" The final standings are: Player percentages during round robin play are as follows: Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 24 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20485063", "score": "1.1647878", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", "text": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 24 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are listed as follows: All draw times are listed in Seoul Time (UTC+9). \"Wednesday, 14 February, 09:05\" \"Wednesday, 14 February, 20:05\" \"Thursday, 15 February, 14:05\" \"Friday, 16 February, 09:05\" \"Friday, 16 February, 20:05\" \"Saturday, 17 February, 14:05\" \"Sunday, 18 February, 09:05\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20485062", "score": "1.1567981", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", "text": "February, 09:00\" \"Friday, 14 February, 19:00\" \"Saturday, 15 February, 14:00\" \"Sunday, 16 February, 09:00\" \"Sunday, 16 February, 19:00\" \"Monday, 17 February, 14:00\" \"Tuesday, 18 February, 9:00\" \"Wednesday, 19 February, 19:00\" \"Friday, 21 February, 12:30\" \"Friday, 21 February, 17:30\" Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Ice Cube Curling Center in Sochi, Russia on 10–21 February 2014. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17529190", "score": "1.149098", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", "text": "Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Ice Cube Curling Center in Sochi, Russia on 10–21 February 2014. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are listed as follows: All draw times are listed in Moscow Time (UTC+4). \"Monday, 10 February, 09:00\" \"Monday, 10 February, 19:00\" \"Tuesday, 11 February, 14:00\" \"Wednesday, 12 February, 09:00\" \"Wednesday, 12 February, 19:00\" \"Thursday, 13 February, 14:00\" \"Friday, 14", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17529189", "score": "1.1445143", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", "text": "February 18, 2:00 PM\" \"Friday, February 19, 9:00 AM\" \"Friday, February 19, 7:00 PM\" \"Saturday, February 20, 2:00 PM\" \"Sunday, February 21, 9:00 AM\" \"Sunday, February 21, 7:00 PM\" \"Monday, February 22, 2:00 PM\" \"Tuesday, February 23, 9:00 AM\" \"Tuesday, February 23, 7:00 PM\" \"Thursday, February 25, 9:00 AM\" \"Friday, February 26, 9:00 AM\" \"Friday, February 26, 3:00 PM\" Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's curling tournament took place at the Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre. The draws took place between 16 and 25 February 2010 and the final took place on 26 February 2010. All start", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13790868", "score": "1.1412936", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2018–19 Curling World Cup", "text": "the current world champions, a team specifically invited, and the two highest remaining teams on the Curling World Cup ranking list will qualify for the Grand Final. Two separate teams from the same member association may qualify for the Grand Final. \"Sunday, September 17, 12:00\" \"Sunday, September 17, 16:00\" \"Sunday, September 16, 08:30\" \"Sunday, December 9, 12:00\" \"Sunday, December 9, 16:00\" \"Sunday, December 9, 08:30\" 2018–19 Curling World Cup The 2018–19 Curling World Cup will be the first edition of the Curling World Cup, held between men's, women's, and mixed doubles teams. It will take place in three legs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20809392", "score": "1.1402578", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics", "text": "played every other team. The top four teams from the round robin advanced to the playoffs. The top four teams at the conclusion of the round robin advanced to the playoffs. \"Thursday, 20 February, 12:30\" \"Thursday, 20 February, 17:30\" Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics The curling competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Ice Cube Curling Center, nicknamed \"the Ice Cube\". It is the sixth time that curling was on the Olympic program. In both the men's and women's competitions, ten nations competed. These two events took place from 10 to 21 February 2014. The Canadian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16106124", "score": "1.1380183", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2018–19 Curling World Cup – First Leg", "text": "14, 12:00\" \"Friday, September 14, 16:00\" \"Saturday, September 15, 08:30\" \"Saturday, September 15, 16:00\" \"Saturday, September 15, 19:30\" \"Sunday, September 17, 16:00\" \"After Draw 14\" \"Wednesday, September 12, 18:30\" \"Thursday, September 13, 08:30\" \"Thursday, September 13, 16:00\" \"Friday, September 14, 08:30\" \"Friday, September 14, 12:00\" \"Friday, September 14, 16:00\" \"Friday, September 14, 19:30\" \"Saturday, September 15, 12:00\" \"Saturday, September 15, 16:00\" \"Sunday, September 16, 08:30\" 2018–19 Curling World Cup – First Leg The First Leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup took place from September 12 to 16, 2018 at the Suzhou Olympic Sports Center in Suzhou, China. Canada had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20809893", "score": "1.1369724", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2018 World Men's Curling Championship", "text": "The 2018 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the 361˚ World Men's Curling Championship 2018 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 31 to April 8, 2018 at Orleans Arena, on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2013 World Men's Curling Championship", "text": "\"Thursday, April 4, 14:00\" \"Thursday, April 4, 19:00\" \"Friday, April 5, 19:00\" \"Saturday, April 6, 11:00\" \"Saturday, April 6, 16:00\" \"Sunday, April 7, 11:00\" \"Sunday, April 7, 16:00\" \"Round robin only\" \"Round robin only\" 2013 World Men's Curling Championship The 2013 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the Ford World Men's Curling Championship 2013 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 30 to April 7 at the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. This marked the twenty-first time that Canada hosted the World Men's Championship, the fifth time that the province of British Columbia hosted the World Men's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16163872", "score": "1.1359375", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", "text": "Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament took place at the Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre. The draws took place between 16 and 25 February 2010 and the final took place on 27 February 2010. The preliminary round was a round-robin tournament between all 10 teams; the top four qualified for the medal round. \"Tuesday, February 16, 9:00 AM\" \"Tuesday, February 16, 7:00 PM\" \"Wednesday, February 17, 2:00 PM\" \"Thursday, February 18, 9:00 AM\" \"Thursday, February 18, 7:00 PM\" \"Friday, February 19, 2:00 PM\" \"Saturday, February 20, 9:00 AM\" \"Saturday, February 20, 7:00 PM\" \"Sunday, February", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13790838", "score": "1.1347829", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials", "text": "\"Sunday, November 12, 19:30\" \"Final Round Robin Standings\" \"Friday, November 10, 23:30\" \"Saturday, November 11, 07:30\" \"Saturday, November 11, 12:30\" \"Saturday, November 11, 13:30\" \"Saturday, November 11, 19:00\" \"Saturday, November 11, 19:00\" \"Sunday, November 12, 9:00\" \"Sunday, November 12, 14:00\" The qualification process for the 2017 Olympic trials differed slightly from the process used at the 2013 trials. For both the men's and women's categories, a pool of twenty-one teams is designated as eligible to represent Canada at the 2018 Olympics, based on rankings from the Canadian Team Ranking System (CTRS). From the pool of twenty-one, seven teams were selected", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19984722", "score": "1.1333326", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "text": "on January 8, 2017. Canada qualified a men's team by earning enough points in the last two World Curling Championships. The Olympic team was decided at the 2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials. The Canadian team consists of Kevin Koe, Marc Kennedy, Brent Laing, Ben Hebert, and Scott Pfeifer. Canada has a bye in draws 4, 8 and 11. \"Wednesday, 14 February, 09:05\" \"Wednesday, 14 February, 20:05\" \"Thursday, 15 February, 14:05\" \"Friday, 16 February, 20:05\" \"Saturday, 17 February, 14:05\" \"Sunday, 18 February, 09:05\" \"Monday, 19 February, 14:05\" \"Tuesday, 20 February, 09:05\" \"Wednesday, 21 February, 14:05\" \"Thursday, 22 February, 20:05\" \"Friday, 23", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19691554", "score": "1.1318114", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Curling World Cup", "text": "European Zone, the third in the Americas Zone, and a Grand Final in Beijing. In January 2018, the World Curling Federation announced the name of the tournament would be changed to the Curling World Cup, and consist of men's, women's, and mixed doubles events. On July 19, 2018, details about the Curling World Cup were announced, including the host cities, format, qualification rules, and logos for each leg of the event. Curling World Cup matches have eight ends, rather than the standard ten ends. Ties after eight ends will be decided by a shoot-out, with each team throwing a stone", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20808803", "score": "1.1307409", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", "text": "\"Monday, 19 February, 09:05\" \"Monday, 19 February, 20:05\" \"Tuesday, 20 February, 14:05\" \"Wednesday, 21 February, 09:05\" \"Wednesday, 21 February, 20:05\" \"Friday, 23 February, 20:05\" \"Saturday, 24 February, 20:05\" \"Sunday, 25 February, 9:05\" The final standings are: Player percentages during round robin play are as follows: Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20485072", "score": "1.1287079", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2016 World Men's Curling Championship", "text": "2016 World Men's Curling Championship The 2016 World Men's Curling Championship was held from April 2 to 10 at St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland. The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2016 World Men's Curling Championship: \"Final Round Robin Standings\" All draw times are listed in Central European Summer Time (UTC+2). \"Saturday, April 2, 14:00\" \"Saturday, April 2, 19:00\" \"Sunday, April 3, 9:00\" \"Sunday, April 3, 14:00\" \"Sunday, April 3, 19:00\" \"Monday, April 4, 9:00\" \"Monday, April 4, 14:00\" \"Monday, April 4, 19:00\" \"Tuesday, April 5, 9:00\" \"Tuesday, April 5, 14:00\" \"Tuesday, April 5, 19:00\" \"Wednesday, April 6,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18619750", "score": "1.1266551", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2013 World Men's Curling Championship", "text": "2013 World Men's Curling Championship The 2013 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the Ford World Men's Curling Championship 2013 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 30 to April 7 at the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. This marked the twenty-first time that Canada hosted the World Men's Championship, the fifth time that the province of British Columbia hosted the World Men's Championship, and the second time that Victoria hosted the World Men's Championship. Victoria previously hosted the championships in 2005. The event was also a qualifying event for the 2014 Winter Olympics, awarding points to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16163870", "score": "1.1257837", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2019 World Qualification Event", "text": "in the 2019 World Qualification Event: 2019 World Qualification Event The 2019 World Qualification Event will be held from January 18 to 23 at the Maniototo Curling International rink in Naseby, New Zealand. It will be jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand, with the New Zealand women's team taking one host berth and the Australia men's team the other. The top two finishers in the men's and women's divisions will qualify for the 2019 World Men's Curling Championship and 2019 World Women's Curling Championship respectively. The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2019 World Qualification Event: The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20977767", "score": "1.1239882", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", "text": "21, 2:00 PM\" \"Monday, February 22, 9:00 AM\" \"Monday, February 22, 7:00 PM\" \"Tuesday, February 23, 2:00 PM\" \"Wednesday, February 24, 2:00 PM\" \"Thursday, February 25, 2:00 PM\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> - rock picked up debris \"Saturday, February 27, 9:00 AM\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> - rock picked up debris \"Saturday, February 27, 3:00 PM\" Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament The men's curling tournament took place at the Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre. The draws took place between 16 and 25 February 2010 and the final took place on 27 February 2010. The preliminary round was a round-robin tournament between all 10 teams;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13790839", "score": "1.1232138", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2017 World Men's Curling Championship", "text": "April 2, 19:00\" \"Monday, April 3, 9:00\" \"Monday, April 3, 14:00\" \"Monday, April 3, 19:00\" \"Tuesday, April 4, 9:00\" \"Tuesday, April 4, 14:00\" \"Tuesday, April 4, 19:00\" \"Wednesday, April 5, 9:00\" \"Wednesday, April 5, 14:00\" \"Wednesday, April 5, 19:00\" \"Thursday, April 6, 9:00\" \"Thursday, April 6, 14:00\" \"Thursday, April 6, 19:00\" \"Friday, April 7, 19:00\" \"Saturday, April 8, 14:00\" \"Saturday, April 8, 19:00\" \"Sunday, April 9, 12:00\" \"Sunday, April 9, 18:00\" \"Round robin only\" \"Round Robin only\" The awards and all-star team are as follows: All-Star Team Collie Campbell Memorial Award 2017 World Men's Curling Championship The 2017 World Men's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19634693", "score": "1.1227938", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "text": "enough points in the last two World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships. The Olympic team was decided at the 2018 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials. Former Olympic gold medallists John Morris and Kaitlyn Lawes won the trials, and were the mixed doubles representative for Canada. \"Thursday, February 8, 9:05\" \"Thursday, February 8, 20:04\" \"Friday, February 9, 8:35\" \"Friday, February 9, 13:35\" \"Saturday, February 10, 9:05\" \"Saturday, February 10, 20:04\" \"Sunday, February 11, 9:05\" \"Monday, February 12, 9:05\" \"Tuesday, February 13, 20:05\" Based on placements at the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki, Finland, Canada qualified 17 athletes (8 male", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19691556", "score": "1.1225581", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2018–19 Curling World Cup – First Leg", "text": "the World Curling Federation. Member associations may choose to send the same teams to all three legs or have different teams. The following countries qualified for each discipline: \"After Draw 15\" \"Wednesday, September 12, 15:00\" \"Thursday, September 13, 08:30\" \"Thursday, September 13, 12:00\" \"Thursday, September 13, 16:00\" \"Thursday, September 13, 19:30\" \"Friday, September 15, 08:30\" \"Friday, September 15, 12:00\" \"Friday, September 15, 16:00\" \"Friday, September 15, 19:30\" \"Saturday, September 16, 08:30\" \"Saturday, September 16, 12:00\" \"Saturday, September 16, 19:30\" \"Sunday, September 17, 12:00\" \"After Draw 15\" \"Wednesday, September 12, 21:00\" \"Thursday, September 13, 12:00\" \"Thursday, September 13, 19:30\" \"Friday, September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20809892", "score": "1.1218683", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "text": "nations. The United States women's curling team curls out of the Four Seasons Curling Club in Blaine, Minnesota. They were selected by winning the 2017 United States Olympic Curling Trials. The United States has a bye in draws 4, 7, and 11. \"Wednesday, February 14, 14:05\" \"Thursday, February 15, 09:05\" \"Thursday, February 15, 20:05\" \"Saturday, February 17, 09:05\" \"Saturday, February 17, 20:05\" \"Monday, February 19, 09:05\" \"Monday, February 19, 20:05\" \"Tuesday, February 20, 14:05\" \"Wednesday, February 21, 20:05\" Based on results from the 2016 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship and the 2017 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19692032", "score": "1.1206266", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials", "text": "The top two finishers of the men's and women's events qualified to participate in the Trials. On the men's side, the qualifiers were John Morris and Brad Jacobs, and on the women's side, the qualifiers were Renée Sonnenberg and Valerie Sweeting. The teams are listed as follows: \"Final round robin standings\" All draw times are listed in Central Standard Time (UTC−6). \"Sunday, December 1, 6:30 pm\" \"Monday, December 2, 1:30 pm\" \"Tuesday, December 3, 8:30 am\" \"Tuesday, December 3, 6:30 pm\" \"Wednesday, December 4, 1:30 pm\" \"Thursday, December 5, 6:30 pm\" \"Friday, December 6, 8:30 am\" \"Saturday, December 7, 1:30", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15417762", "score": "1.1204094", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", "text": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round. The teams are listed as follows: All draw times are listed in Seoul Time (UTC+9). \"Wednesday, 14 February, 14:05\" \"Thursday, 15 February, 09:05\" \"Thursday, 15 February, 20:05\" \"Friday, 16 February, 14:05\" \"Saturday, 17 February, 09:05\" \"Saturday, 17 February, 20:05\" \"Sunday, 18 February, 14:05\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20485071", "score": "1.1200858", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification event", "text": "8:00\" \"Sunday, December 10, 16:00\" \"Final Round Robin Standings\" All draw times are listed in Central European Time (UTC+1). \"Tuesday, December 5, 15:00\" \"Wednesday, December 6, 8:00\" \"Wednesday, December 6, 16:00\" \"Thursday, December 7, 9:00\" \"Thursday, December 7, 19:00\" \"Friday, December 8, 14:00\" \"Saturday, December 9, 9:00\" \"Saturday, December 9, 19:00\" \"Sunday, December 10, 12:00\" Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification event The Olympic qualifying event was held from 5-10 December 2017 in Plzeň, Czech Republic. The qualification event was open to any nations that earned qualification points at the 2016 or 2017 World Curling Championships or participated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20448168", "score": "1.1187353", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2017 United States Olympic Curling Trials", "text": "7:00 pm\" \"Sunday, November 12, 1:00 pm\" \"Sunday, November 12, 7:00 pm\" \"Monday, November 13, 11:00 am\" \"Monday, November 13, 7:00 pm\" \"Tuesday, November 14, 11:00 am\" \"Tuesday, November 14, 7:00 pm\" \"Wednesday, November 15, 11:00 am\" \"Wednesday, November 15, 7:00 pm\" The final round was between the top two teams at the end of the round robin. The teams played a best-of-three series. \"Thursday, November 16, 1:30 pm\" \"Friday, November 17, 1:00pm\" \"Saturday, November 18, 10:00am\" 2017 United States Olympic Curling Trials The 2017 United States Olympic Curling Trials was held from November 11-18, 2017 at Baxter Arena in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20432556", "score": "1.1184094", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", "text": "Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament The women's curling tournament took place at the Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre. The draws took place between 16 and 25 February 2010 and the final took place on 26 February 2010. All start times are in Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8). The preliminary round was a round-robin tournament between all 10 teams; the top four qualified for the medal round. Standings after the preliminary round. Top four qualified for the medal round. Results of the preliminary round. \"Tuesday, February 16, 2:00 PM\" \"Wednesday, February 17, 9:00 AM\" \"Wednesday, February 17, 7:00 PM\" \"Thursday,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13790867", "score": "1.1181271", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2017 World Women's Curling Championship", "text": "\"Saturday, March 25, 14:00\" \"Saturday, March 25, 19:00\" \"Sunday, March 26, 10:00\" \"Sunday, March 26, 15:00\" \"After Round Robin; minimum 5 games\" 2017 World Women's Curling Championship The 2017 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as CPT World Women's Curling Championship 2017 for sponsorship reasons) was a curling event held between March 18–26 at the Capital Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China. The winning Rachel Homan rink from Canada was the first team to go through a women's world championship undefeated since the event began in 1979, winning 13 games through the round robin, playoffs and final. Runners-up Russia took their first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19634696", "score": "1.1179014", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "the Indians", "Cleveland Indians" ]

[ { "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "text": "fly by Andrew Toles to make the score 8–4, but induced Justin Turner to ground out to end the game. The win put the Cubs on the brink of the World Series as the series moved back to Wrigley Field. Cubs pitchers Kyle Hendricks and Aroldis Chapman combined to allow only two hits and one walk, facing the minimum 27 batters, the first time this had occurred in postseason play since Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series. The Cubs won the series four games to two and won the pennant for the first time since 1945, clinching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19509872", "score": "1.1425335", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season", "text": "Looking to take a 2–0 lead in the series, the Cubs sent Jon Lester to the mound while the Nationals went with Gio González. Lester gave up a first inning home run to Anthony Rendon, but Willson Contreras quickly answered with a homer in the top of the second to tie the game at one. Anthony Rizzo gave the Cubs a 3–1 lead in the fourth when he homered to deep right with Kris Bryant at second. Lester cruised through the Nationals until the fifth inning with two outs and a runner on when he walked back-to-back batters to load", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765792", "score": "1.1268872", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2016 World Series", "text": "this game.'\" The Cubs became the first team to come back from a 3–1 deficit to win the Series since the 1985 Kansas City Royals. They were also the first since the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates to do so while winning Games 6 and 7 on the road, and the second team since the 1979 Pirates to win Game 7 as the visiting team, with the 2014 San Francisco Giants also having achieved that feat in Kansas City; almost one year later, the 2017 Houston Astros did the same thing in Los Angeles. With the Game 7 victory, Joe Maddon is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18801383", "score": "1.1190913", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "text": "an RBI double by Anthony Rizzo, but the Cubs left runners on base in the first, second, fourth, and fifth innings without another run. The Dodgers tied the game in the fourth following a Howie Kendrick double and steal of third. Adrian Gonzalez hit a ball to Rizzo, who could not field it cleanly, Kendrick scoring. The Dodgers lifted Maeda in the fourth inning. In the sixth, Javier Báez continued his strong post-season by singling. Addison Russell homered to center field to break the deadlock and put the Cubs up 3–1. After stranding two more runners in the seventh, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19509870", "score": "1.1148155", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2015 National League Championship Series", "text": "losing team never had a lead during a game. It was also the first since 2007 to end in a sweep and the third best-of-seven NLCS to do so (the other being in 1995). The Mets would go on to lose to the Kansas City Royals in the World Series in five games. The Chicago Cubs finished the 2015 season with a 97–65 record, the third best record in the majors. With new manager Joe Maddon and the great play of pitcher Jake Arrieta and hitters Anthony Rizzo and Kris Bryant, the Cubs experienced their best season since 2008 when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981251", "score": "1.1082273", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "text": "with them. The Cubs ended the 2016 season with a () record. It was their first 100-win season since 1935 (, ), their best since 1910 (, ), and the sixth 100-win season in franchise history. The Cubs won the National League Championship Series (NLCS), their first pennant in 71 years, with a 5–0 shutout in Game 6 against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Wrigley Field on October 22, 2016, the \"curse\" was broken on the 46th anniversary of Billy Sianis's death. In 2016, the Cubs won the World Series for the first time since 1908, ending the historic 108-year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2828187", "score": "1.1064571", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2017 National League Division Series", "text": "the Nationals won to stave off elimination. With both teams' seasons on the line, the Cubs brought back Game 1 starter and winning pitcher Kyle Hendricks while the Nationals countered with Game 2 starter Gio González, who got a no decision. The Cubs struck first in the top of the first off of González with an RBI groundout by Anthony Rizzo, scoring Jon Jay. In the bottom of the second, Daniel Murphy led off the inning by hitting the first pitch from Hendricks into the stands to tie the game at 1–1. After two straight singles, Michael Taylor hit his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20017007", "score": "1.1057997", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "text": "reached second: Andrew Toles (single, first inning), Josh Reddick (single, eighth inning), and Carlos Ruiz (walk, ninth inning) were all retired on double plays. Reddick reached on a fielding error in the second inning but was picked off at first by Hendricks. As a result, the Cubs faced the minimum numbers of batters (27) to complete a nine-inning Major League Baseball game, a rarity in a postseason contest (Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series was the only other occurrence). The Dodgers' World Series drought reached 28 years with the loss. Dodgers starter Clayton Kershaw could not repeat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19509874", "score": "1.1025867", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "text": "slam off Joe Blanton was followed by a Dexter Fowler homer on the next pitch to put the Cubs back in front 8–3. The Dodgers got a run off Héctor Rondón in the ninth when Joc Pederson singled with one out and scored on Andrew Toles's double, but Chase Utley lined into an inning-ending double play as Game 1 marked the Cubs' first victory in a National League Championship Series since Game 4 of 2003. They had previously lost seven straight NLCS games. Game 2 featured a matchup between two of the league's stingiest pitchers in 2016, in terms of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19509860", "score": "1.1010683", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2016 World Series", "text": "The Cubs defeated the Indians when they won 4 games to 3 to win their first World Series since 1908. Game 7, an 8–7 victory in extra innings, marked the fifth time that a Game 7 had gone past nine innings and the first since 1997 (which, coincidentally, also featured the Indians). It was also the first to have a rain delay which occurred as the tenth inning was about to start. The Cubs became the sixth team to come back from a 3-1 deficit to win a best-of-seven World Series, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season", "text": "Justin Turner drove in a run to stretch the Dodger lead to 5–2. The Cubs managed nothing against the Dodger bullpen which relieved Kershaw after five innings as the Cubs fell behind in the series 1–0. In Game 2, the Cubs sent Jon Lester to the mound on short rest after pitching 3.2 innings in relief in Game 4 of the NLDS. Addison Russell homered off Rich Hill in the fifth to give the Cubs a 1–0 lead, but the Dodger tied it in the bottom half of the fifth on a Culberson double and a Justin Turner single. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765806", "score": "1.0994912", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "text": "a pennant at home for the first time since 1932. Hendricks pitched 7⅓ shutout innings, allowing just two hits and walking none. After he allowed a single in the eighth, Chapman entered and forced a double play to end the eighth and a double play grounder to end the game, series, and the Cubs' 71-year pennant drought. Anthony Rizzo and Willson Contreras each hit home runs and Kris Bryant, Ben Zobrist, and Dexter Fowler each drove in a run as the Cubs jumped to a 5–0 lead in the fifth inning. Of the four Dodgers to reach first base, none", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19509873", "score": "1.0992154", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season", "text": "for the Nationals, but did not state who would start any other games. The Nationals later announced Gio González would start Game 2 while Max Scherzer would start Game 3. On October 8, Baker announced that Tanner Roark would start Game 4 for the Nationals. In Game 1 of the Division series, the Cubs faced the Nationals' Stephen Strasburg and were held hitless for five innings. Kyle Hendricks also shut out the Nationals, pitching seven shutout innings while allowing only two hits. In the sixth, Javier Báez reached on an error by Nationals' third basemen Anthony Rendon. Hendricks bunted him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765790", "score": "1.0976573", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2016 World Series", "text": "Mike Napoli in the bottom of the eighth, Aroldis Chapman entered to finish the game for the Cubs. The win marked the Cubs' first World Series game victory since 1945 and tied up the series at one game all. The game marked Indians manager Terry Francona's first loss in ten World Series games. For Game 3, former Cubs player Billy Williams threw the ceremonial first pitch before the start of the game, and Bill Murray sang \"Take Me Out to the Ball Game\" during the seventh-inning stretch, to mark the Cubs' first World Series night game at home. Chicago pitcher", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18801363", "score": "1.0966848", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season", "text": "fell 5–0. The loss set the stage for a deciding Game 5 in Washington the next day with the series tied at two. As the teams returned to Washington for the deciding Game 5, the Cubs sent Game 1 starter Kyle Hendricks to the mound while the Nationals started Gio González. The Cubs started the scoring in the first as Jon Jay led off the game with a double and scored on an Anthony Rizzo groundout. The Cubs then loaded the bases with two outs in the first, but Jason Heyward grounded out to end the threat. In the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765800", "score": "1.0942098", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2015 National League Division Series", "text": "defeat the St. Louis Cardinals and win a postseason series for the first time ever in Wrigley Field. The game did not start well for the Cubs with the second batter, Stephen Piscotty, hitting a two-run home run. In the bottom of the second inning, with two on and two outs versus John Lackey, starting pitcher Jason Hammel drove in Starlin Castro with a sharp single to center and Addison Russell's replacement at shortstop, Javier Baez followed with a three-run home run to right. The Cardinals tied the score in the sixth on Tony Cruz's double with two on off", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981394", "score": "1.0933015", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of the Chicago Cubs", "text": "game, they disposed of the Cardinals in the NLDS in four games (3-1); however, they later lost to the New York Mets in the NLCS (Mets 4- Cubs 0). In 2016, the tide really turned in a positive direction for the Chicago Cubs. They won the NL Central Division crown with a record of 103-58 which was 17.5 games ahead of the second place Cardinals (86-76). The Cubs then defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS (3-1) followed by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS (4-2) to win the NL pennant for the first time since 1945. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10188665", "score": "1.0909485", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "text": "had been blanked in back-to-back games since May 27–28, 2014. The Cubs hitting slump continued as the 2-3-4-5 hitters went 3–27 in the two shutouts. The win gave the Dodgers a 2–1 series lead. Looking to break their two-game scoring drought, the Cubs sent playoff veteran John Lackey to the mound while the Dodgers went with Julio Urías, the youngest pitcher to start a game in postseason history. The Cubs' struggles continued as Urías held them without a hit through three innings. In the bottom of the second, the Dodgers had a scoring chance denied as Adrian Gonzalez was thrown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19509866", "score": "1.0892866", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat", "text": "Diamondbacks and Los Angeles Dodgers respectively. In 2015, the Cubs finished second in the National League Wild Card race and defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the Wild Card Game and the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLDS to advance to the NLCS against the New York Mets. However, the Cubs batted an NLCS record low of .164 and lost the series in a 4-game sweep. (The Cubs thus became the first team ever to get swept in a playoff series by a team they swept in their regular season series.) Sianis's goat was named Murphy. In the 2015 National League", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2828176", "score": "1.0877771", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2017 Washington Nationals season", "text": "the scoring threat evaporated when slumping shortstop Trea Turner, hitless in the series, struck out to end the inning. In relief of González, Matt Albers, Sammy Solis, and Ryan Madson kept the Cubs from adding to their lead in the sixth, seventh, and eighth innings, giving up only a single and a walk and striking out a Cub, but against Lester, who pitched through the sixth inning and whose two-hit performance was the best postseason outing of his career, and Pedro Strop, who pitched the seventh for Chicago, the Nats managed only one base runner, when Strop hit catcher Matt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19732906", "score": "1.087292", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2016 World Series", "text": "to score Bryant and give the Cubs an early 1–0 lead. Arrieta started well too, retiring the first two batters before walking back-to-back batters in the bottom of the first. However, Arrieta got a flyout to end the inning. The Cubs struck again in the third following a two-out walk by Rizzo and a single by Ben Zobrist. A single by Kyle Schwarber scored Rizzo from second and pushed the Cubs' lead to 2–0. Bauer was forced from the game in the fourth, and the Cubs struck again in the fifth. Rizzo walked again off Zach McAllister, and Zobrist tripled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18801361", "score": "1.0848391", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2016 World Series", "text": "the Boston Red Sox, in against the Athletics, in against the New York Yankees, in against the Tigers, in against the Yankees, and in against the Tigers. The Cubs qualified for the postseason by winning the National League Central, ending the regular season with the best record in the major leagues (103–58) for the first time since 1945; they also posted their highest winning percentage since 1935, and won their most games since 1910. The division title was their sixth since division play began in 1969, and their first since 2008. The Cubs entered the postseason as the overall #1", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18801353", "score": "1.0846119", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2016 National League Championship Series", "text": "Cubs broke the game open in the eighth. Russell reached on an error and pinch hitter Willson Contreras singled. Also pinch-hitting, Albert Almora, Jr. bunted the runners over, Dexter Fowler following with a run-scoring infield single.. An infield single by Kris Bryant scored Contreras. A walk by Ben Zobrist loaded the bases for Baez, whose bases-clearing double put the Cubs up 8–1. The Dodgers scored a run in the bottom of the eighth off Pedro Strop on a double by Carlos Ruiz. Cub closer Aroldis Chapman pitched the ninth. He allowed a run-scoring single by Josh Reddick and a sacrifice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19509871", "score": "1.084051", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2016 World Series", "text": "Former Indians pitcher Dennis Martínez threw out the ceremonial first pitch before the game. The Cubs scored three runs in the first inning, all with two outs, on a Kris Bryant home run and a two-run double by Addison Russell after two singles off Josh Tomlin. In the third inning, the Cubs loaded the bases on a walk and two singles off Tomlin, who was relieved by Dan Otero. Following the pitching change, Russell hit a grand slam to extend the Cubs lead to 7–0. Russell's grand slam was the first in a World Series game since Paul Konerko of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18801369", "score": "1.0837828", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Joe Maddon", "text": "ever postseason clinch at Wrigley Field. The Cubs played the Mets in the NLCS, but lost in four games. After the season, Maddon won the National League Manager of the Year Award. Maddon's young Cubs team entered the 2016 season as the bookmakers' favorite to win the World Series. They started the season on a tear, taking over first place in the NL Central on April 11, a lead they never relinquished. By May 10, the Cubs had a record of 25-6 (0.806 win percentage) with a commanding 8.5 game lead in their division. The team would go on to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6455307", "score": "1.0815225", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season", "text": "a three-run, game-winning home run to Turner to give the Dodgers the 4–1 win and a 2–0 lead in the series. As the series shifted to Wrigley Field with the Cubs in an 0–2 hole, Kyle Hendricks looked to keep the Cubs in the series. Kyle Schwarber homered in the first inning to give the Cubs a 1–0 lead, but solo home runs in the second and third innings gave the Dodgers the lead. Hendricks was lifted in the sixth with two runners on and trailing 3–1, but a walk to Dodger starting pitcher Yu Darvish by Carl Edwards Jr.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765808", "score": "1.0813527", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season", "text": "with the bases loaded moved the score to 4–1. The Dodgers added two more runs in the eighth on a wild pitch by Mike Montgomery and a sacrifice fly to increase the lead to 6–1. Albert Almora Jr. and Alex Avila singled and doubled in the ninth to put runners on second and third with no outs, but Dodger closer Kenley Jansen retired the next three batters to end the game. The loss moved the Cubs to brink of elimination, trailing in the series 3–0. Looking to stave off elimination, the Cubs sent Jake Arrieta to the mound against Dodger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765809", "score": "1.079819", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season", "text": "starter Alex Wood who had not yet appeared in the postseason. The Cubs started the scoring in the second on a 491-foot home run by Willson Contreras and, in his first hit in the postseason, Javier Báez also homered to give the Cubs a 2–0 lead in the second inning. The Dodgers answered immediately as Cody Bellinger hit a solo shot in the top of the third to cut the lead in half. Báez homered again in the fifth to extend the lead to 3–1. Arrieta pitched well, allowing only one run in 6.2 innings of work and left with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765810", "score": "1.0795311", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2015 National League Championship Series", "text": "inning, making it a 6–0 game. Matz held the Cubs hitless through three innings, but Chicago mounted its first rally in the bottom of the fourth, loading the bases with nobody out for Starlin Castro. Though Castro hit a bullet of a line drive, Wright made a leaping grab at third base to save an extra base hit and at least two runs. The Cubs would score their first run after an RBI groundout from Kyle Schwarber, but Javier Báez popped out in foul territory near the Cubs bullpen, stranding two runners and leaving the Cubs still down 6–1. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18981271", "score": "1.077986", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Jim Hendry", "text": "3B ever since Ron Santo was traded to the White Sox. Ramirez blossomed into a star with the Cubs, and Lofton provided the spark at the top of the lineup that the Cubs needed. The Cubs won the National League Central Division title in 2003, and beat Atlanta in the National League Division Series, their first postseason series victory since 1908. They then came within five outs from their first World Series appearance since 1945. They were up three games to one on the Florida Marlins in the NLCS and ended up losing the last three games, including the infamous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7267895", "score": "1.076845", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "Universal Pictures" ]

[ { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)", "text": "DHX Studios Vancouver with writing and early production duties taking place in Los Angeles. On April 12, 2018, it was announced that Amazon Video had given a series order to the production and that the show would premiere on May 11, 2018. Executive producers were reported to include Scott Fellows and Tiffany Ward, daughter of the original series producer Jay Ward. On December 15, 2018, it was reported that the series would return with the second half of season one in January 2019. Alongside the series announcement, it was confirmed that voice cast would include Tara Strong, Brad Norman, Ben", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20667966", "score": "1.3780885", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", "text": "Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\". The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, who is known for co-directing Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", produced by Nolan Cascino, and written by Thomas Lennon and Robert Garant. June Foray was set to reprise her role as Rocket \"Rocky\" J. Squirrel, while Tom Kenny was set to voice Bullwinkle Moose. The short would have served as a test for a possible feature film based on the characters. \"Almost Home\", a short based on the DreamWorks Animation film \"Home\", played before the film instead. However, the new CGI \"Rocky & Bullwinkle\" short was instead released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7522540", "score": "1.3629193", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)", "text": "Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film) Rocky & Bullwinkle is a 2014 American computer-animated direct-to-video short film based on the 1960s animated television series \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, best known for co-directing Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\", and \"\", while Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon were the writers (They also provided the voices of Fearless Leader and the narrator for this short). June Foray reprises her role as Rocky, in her final reprisal of the role before", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19917712", "score": "1.3512572", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)", "text": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series) The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is an American animated web television series produced by DreamWorks Animation Television which is a reboot of the original \"Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\". It debuted on May 11, 2018 on Amazon Video — being DreamWorks Animation Television's first series to air on a streaming service other than Netflix. Like its preceding spin-off \"The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show\", animation was outsourced by DHX Media's 2D animation studio in Vancouver, Canada. In December 2018, it was announced that the series would return with new episodes in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20667964", "score": "1.3213407", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)", "text": "Peabody & Sherman'. The short features the songs \"Bad Romance\" by Lady Gaga, and \"If You Wanna Be Happy\" by Jimmy Soul. Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film) Rocky & Bullwinkle is a 2014 American computer-animated direct-to-video short film based on the 1960s animated television series \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, best known for co-directing Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\", and \"\", while Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon were the writers (They also provided the voices of Fearless", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19917719", "score": "1.3039156", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)", "text": "Diskin, Rachel Butera, Piotr Michael, and Daran Norris. Alongside the series announcement, the first official trailer was released. On April 27, 2018, four clips from the series were released. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series) The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is an American animated web television series produced by DreamWorks Animation Television which is a reboot of the original \"Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\". It debuted on May 11, 2018 on Amazon Video — being DreamWorks Animation Television's first series to air on a streaming service other than Netflix. Like its preceding spin-off \"The Mr. Peabody &", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20667967", "score": "1.2985206", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "Ward (the daughter of Jay). The cast will include Tara Strong as Rocky, Brad Norman as Bullwinkle, Ben Diskin as Boris, Rachel Butera as Natasha, Piotr Michael as Fearless Leader, and Daran Norris as the Narrator. Louis Chunovic. \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Book\". Bantam, 1996. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends is the blanket title for an American animated television series that originally aired from November 19, 1959, to June 27, 1964, on the ABC and NBC television networks. The current blanket title was imposed for home video releases over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776071", "score": "1.2973714", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "package shows via 16 mm \"Bullwinkle Show\" prints and Bridgestone Multimedia released eight episodes as \"Rocky and his Friends\" using an old broadcast 16 mm print. The copyright status of these 98 episodes (along with some episodes of \"Hoppity Hooper\") is disputed. As of 2017, the copyright is generally recognized as valid, and attempts to post the gray market releases on video sites have historically been greeted with DMCA takedown notices. In 2002, Jay Ward Productions established a partnership with Classic Media called Bullwinkle Studios. From 2003 to 2005, the partnership produced DVDs of the first three seasons of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776065", "score": "1.290064", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film)", "text": "cameo appearancess by performers including James Rebhorn, Randy Quaid, Paget Brewster, Janeane Garofalo, John Goodman, David Alan Grier, Don Novello, Jon Polito, Carl Reiner, Whoopi Goldberg, Max Grodenchik, Jonathan Winters and Billy Crystal. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $35.1 million worldwide against its $76 million budget. Thirty-five years following their show's cancellation in 1964, Rocket J. \"Rocky\" Squirrel and Bullwinkle J. Moose have been living off the finances of their reruns on TV. Their home, Frostbite Falls, has been destroyed by deforestation, Rocky has lost his ability to fly and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087752", "score": "1.2819645", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends (TV series)", "text": "Show remained in syndicated reruns and was still available for local television stations through The Program Exchange as late as 2016; WBBZ-TV, for instance, aired the show in a strip to counterprogram 10 PM newscasts in the Buffalo, New York market during the summer 2013 season. The underlying rights are now owned by Universal Pictures, which holds the library of predecessor companies DreamWorks Animation and Classic Media, and who in turn with copyright holder Ward Productions forms the joint venture Bullwinkle Studios, which manages the Rocky and Bullwinkle properties; Universal's purchase of Classic Media coincided with The Program Exchange's shutdown.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "and Bullwinkle Show (or The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle or The Adventures of Bullwinkle and Rocky) in syndication. Produced by Jay Ward Productions, the series is structured as a variety show, with the main feature being the serialized adventures of the two title characters, the anthropomorphic flying squirrel Rocky and moose Bullwinkle. The main adversaries in most of their adventures are the two Russian-like spies Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale, both working for the dictator Fearless Leader. Supporting segments include Dudley Do-Right of the Mounties (a parody of old-time melodrama), Peabody's Improbable History (a dog named Mr. Peabody and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776037", "score": "1.2769859", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)", "text": "her passing on July 27, 2017 (as well as her final role overall), while Tom Kenny voices Bullwinkle. It was released on October 14, 2014 on the Blu-ray 3D of \"Mr. Peabody and Sherman\" (which is also based on characters from \"The Rocky & Bullwinkle Show\"). Desperate to finally kill Rocky and Bullwinkle and have them as trophy heads for his rumpus room, Fearless Leader assigns his spies Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale a new mission: to use a robotic female moose to seduce Bullwinkle, and inevitably destroy him (as well as Rocky in the process). Boris controls the robot's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19917713", "score": "1.2673426", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "\"Mr Know It All\" skit that, among other things, had Bullwinkle programming a VCR. Before the two presented their pitch, they soon found out Disney did not have the rights to the actual series, only to the video distribution of the old Bullwinkle show, and the concept was abandoned. The program debuted on home video with two compilation CED Videodiscs released by RCA during the format's rise in the early 1980s, featuring complete, uncut story arcs and accompanying alternating segments and bumpers. Volume 1 contained the complete story for \"Wossamotta U\", while volume 2 contained \"Goof Gas Attack\" and \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776061", "score": "1.2655102", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "Fairy Tales\" (91), \"Peabody's Improbable History\" (91), and \"Aesop and Son\" (39) segments are syndicated as part of \"Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales\", and 38 of the 39 \"Dudley Do-Right\" cartoons are syndicated as part of \"Dudley Do Right \"(sic)\" and Friends\". Syndicated versions of the shows distributed outside of the United States and Canada combine the various segments under the package title \"Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\"; it is this version of the show that is represented on official DVD releases through DreamWorks Classics and the official online version sold at websites such as Amazon Video. The lead characters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776052", "score": "1.2522478", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "two letters of the name and gave it to his moose. Ward wanted to produce the show in Los Angeles; however, Anderson lived in the San Francisco Bay Area and did not want to relocate. As a result, Ward hired Bill Scott as head writer and co-producer at Jay Ward Productions, and he wrote the \"Rocky and Bullwinkle\" features. Ward was joined by writers Chris Hayward and Allan Burns; the latter eventually became head writer for MTM Enterprises. In a 1982 interview, Scott said, \"I got a call from Jay asking if I'd be interested in writing another series, an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776042", "score": "1.2513763", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series)", "text": "January 2019. The series sees Rocky and Bullwinkle \"thrust into harrowing situations but end up saving the day time and again. As Rocky and Bullwinkle’s innocent and silly ambitions to become rock stars or find lost treasure end up dovetailing with Fearless Leader’s sinister plans to take over the world, our heroes are set on a collision course with his notorious superspies Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale.\" On December 10, 2017, it was reported that DreamWorks Animation Television was developing a revival of Jay Ward's \"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends\". Animation was expected to be handled by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20667965", "score": "1.2480311", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rocky & Bullwinkle (2014 film)", "text": "next week he will read \"the complete works of Mr. Fifty Cents\". Back in story arc, Rocky arrives to crash the wedding on a cruise ship, but Bullwinkle and the robot moose have already been wedded and Bullwinkle dances with the robot to Jimmy Soul's If You Wanna Be Happy. Rocky then discovers it was Boris who lured Bullwinkle away with romantic gestures, and tries to stop him only for Natasha to intervene by challenging him to a duel. Boris eventually gets fed up with the act while getting hit with a bowling ball and evacuates leaving the robotic bride", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19917716", "score": "1.2480041", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends is the blanket title for an American animated television series that originally aired from November 19, 1959, to June 27, 1964, on the ABC and NBC television networks. The current blanket title was imposed for home video releases over 40 years after the series originally aired and was never used when the show was televised; television airings of the show were broadcast under the titles of Rocky and His Friends from 1959 to 1961, The Bullwinkle Show from 1961 to 1964, and The Rocky", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776036", "score": "1.2471367", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jet Fuel Formula", "text": "of a work of fiction. In one brief scene Capt. Peachfuzz is seen reading a Mr. Peabody comic book. Natasha and Bullwinkle each reckon the passage of time in terms of episodes. Rocky and Bullwinkle respond to comments made by the narrator, and Boris chides him for revealing plot details. The first episode ends with a teaser promoting the next episode with a now-familiar \"double title\" (Bullwinkle's Ride \"or\" Goodbye, Dollink). IMDB uses these \"titles\" to label individual episodes, but on the Rocky and Bullwinkle DVDs they are simply numbered 1 through 40, suggesting that the titles are to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10680250", "score": "1.2463735", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "rest of the production staff, including writers and designers. However, no animators were hired. Ad executives at Dancer, Fitzgerald, & Sample, the advertising agency for General Mills, set up an animation studio in Mexico called Gamma Productions S.A. de C.V., originally known as Val-Mar Animation. This outsourcing of the animation for the series was considered financially attractive by primary sponsor General Mills, but caused endless production problems. In a 1982 interview by animation historian Jim Korkis, Bill Scott described some of the problems that arose during production of the series: We found out very quickly that we could not depend", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776044", "score": "1.246275", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Jay Ward Productions", "text": "Jay Ward Productions Jay Ward Productions, or simply Ward Productions, is an American animation studio based in Los Angeles County, California. It was founded in 1948 by American animator Jay Ward, and was most notable for the \"Rocky and Bullwinkle\" franchise. The Jay Ward Productions library and rights are managed by Bullwinkle Studios, a joint venture between Jay Ward Productions and DreamWorks Animation. The company was based on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, across Sunset Boulevard from the Chateau Marmont Hotel. Jay Ward Productions was an independent studio from 1948 to 1959. It was part of Dancer Fitzgerald Sample", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6262091", "score": "1.2352414", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "on Mexican studios to produce anything of quality. They were turning out the work very quickly and there were all kinds of mistakes and flaws and boo-boos ... They would never check ... Mustaches popped on and off Boris, Bullwinkle's antlers would change, colors would change, costumes would disappear ... By the time we finally saw it, it was on the air. The show was broadcast for the first time on November 19, 1959, on the ABC television network under the title \"Rocky and His Friends\" twice a week, on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, following \"American Bandstand\" at 5:30 p.m.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776045", "score": "1.2335156", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", "text": "went through several release date changes. Originally scheduled for March 2014, DreamWorks Animation's high expectations moved the film to November 2013, replacing another DreamWorks Animation film, \"Me and My Shadow\". The last shift happened in February 2013, which pushed the film back to March 7, 2014, reportedly due to a \"more advantageous release window\", again replacing \"Me and My Shadow\". The film premiered a month earlier in the United Kingdom, on February 7, 2014. The film was planned to be theatrically accompanied with a DreamWorks Animation short film, \"Rocky & Bullwinkle\", based on the Rocky and Bullwinkle characters from \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7522539", "score": "1.2334974", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Jay Ward", "text": "a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7080 Hollywood Boulevard for his contribution to the television industry, paid for as part of the publicity for the live-action and animation film \"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\". In 2002, Jay Ward Productions established a partnership with Classic Media called Bullwinkle Studios; the partnership produced DVDs of the first five seasons of \"Rocky & Bullwinkle & Friends\" in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010 and 2011 respectively, and then switched to releasing \"best of\" DVD collections of segments from the series. Eventually, the complete fourth and fifth seasons would be released. Until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1545390", "score": "1.227602", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "of Rocky and Bullwinkle Season 1\" is available in Cracker Barrel for VHS. Years after the Buena Vista releases ended, another series of \"Rocky and Bullwinkle\" VHS tapes were released, both separately and as a boxed set. These videos included \"Upsidaisium\", \"The Last Angry Moose\", \"Metal-Munching Mice\", \"Much Mud\", and \"Rue Britannia\". However, these were released through Goodtimes Video and were not authorized by Ward Productions. The copies used were from 16 mm \"Bullwinkle Show\" prints. Some other companies also released unauthorized editions of \"Rocky and Bullwinkle\", including Nostalgia Family Video which also released all 98 of \"The Bullwinkle Show\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776064", "score": "1.2254086", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends (video game)", "text": "that allows players to collect extra lives. The mini-games are \"Peabody and Sherman\", where players control Sherman and blow bubble gum bubbles to clog a dragon's mouth, and \"Dudley Do-Right\", where players ride a horse and avoid an ever-approaching train which is driven by Snidely Whiplash. The Game Boy version only has three levels, although generally with multiple sections. The first level, Frostbite Falls, has the player control Bullwinkle. The second, on the Moon, uses Rocky, and the final one, the Abominable Manor, uses Bullwinkle again. Before the final section, a bonus level that has Bullwinkle running to the end", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3684079", "score": "1.2250451", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "run of the show. On October 30, 2012, Classic Media released a DVD called \"The Complete Fractured Fairy Tales\" which includes all 91 \"Fractured Fairy Tales\" segments. During the time the show was available on Hulu (it was offered as a free series before it went to a subscription-only model), the DVD version of the episodes were used instead of the syndication prints. On April 12, 2018, it was announced that a reboot of the series from DreamWorks Animation would premiere on Amazon Prime Video on May 11, 2018. The series will be executive produced by Scott Fellows and Tiffany", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776070", "score": "1.2204212", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", "text": "and Michael Corcoran (aka The Outfit), and new original songs by Jukebox the Ghost, JD McPherson, Wordsworth and Prince Paul, and Ra Ra Riot. Mr. Peabody & Sherman Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated science fiction comedy film based on characters from the Peabody's Improbable History segments of the animated television series \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\", produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film was directed by Rob Minkoff from a script by Craig Wright, with Alex Schwartz and Denise Nolan Cascino serving as producers and Tiffany Ward, daughter of series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7522557", "score": "1.2186401", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Jay Ward", "text": "for Media, in Beverly Hills, California, in conjunction with \"The Jay Ward Legacy Exhibit\". Following Ward's death, Alexander Anderson Jr., who had created the initial conceptions of the characters Dudley Do-Right, Bullwinkle and Rocky, but had not received public recognition, learned the characters had been copyrighted in Ward's name alone. He sued Ward's heirs to reclaim credit as a creator, and in 1993 or 1996 (sources differ), Anderson received a settlement and a court order acknowledging him as \"the creator of the first version of the characters of Rocky, Bullwinkle, and Dudley\". On June 21, 2000, Ward was recognized with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1545389", "score": "1.2170312", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends", "text": "the project was canceled because of objections from the NFL. (Actual team owners were parodied and Boris was fixing the game.) Another revival attempt took place at Disney in the mid 1980s, back when they were distributing the show on VHS. Developed by Tad Stone and Michael Peraza, the revival was named \"The Secret Adventures of Bullwinkle\" and would have been a modern take on the old Bullwinkle show, with the return of characters like Mr. Peabody and Sherman and Dudley Do-Right and would have featured new segments like \"Fractured Scary Tales\", a parody of horror films, and a new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "776060", "score": "1.2142593", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Cetshwayo", "Cetshwayo kaMpande" ]

[ { "title": "Mbongeleni Zondi", "text": "Mbongeleni Zondi Inkosi (Zulu Chief/King) Mbongeleni Zondi (1969 – January 22, 2009) was a Zulu chief and great-grandson of Inkosi Bambatha kaMancinza, who led a Zulu rebellion against British rule in 1906. He was also a close ally of African National Congress President Jacob Zuma and a cultural patron of the ANC leadership in KwaZulu-Natal. At 7:00 AM on January 22, 2009, Zondi was shot to death along Stimela Avenue in Durban’s Umlazi township. At the time, he lived in Msinga in the Midlands, and was visiting his sister in Umlazi. Four men arrived in an SUV; two of them", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12951806", "score": "1.0498176", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Senzangakhona kaJama", "text": "Senzangakhona kaJama Senzangakhona kaJama (c. 1762 – 1816) was a chief of the Zulu clan, and primarily notable as the father of three Zulu kings who ruled during the period when the Zulus achieved prominence, led by his oldest son Shaka. His father was King Jama kaNdaba and his mother was Queen Mthaniya Sibiya. He succeeded on his father's death. During the chieftaincy of Senzangakhona, the Zulus were a small clan in the Mthethwa confederation which was ruled by Dingiswayo. Senzangakhona’s name is derived from the Zulu word meaning \"he who acts with a good reason\". Although the Zulus practised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2771139", "score": "1.0385634", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Anthony Durnford", "text": "decision not to fortify the camp (which was in direct violation of his own standing pre-campaign orders). In the 1979 film \"Zulu Dawn\", which depicted the battle of Isandlwana, Durnford was portrayed by Burt Lancaster. Anthony Durnford Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony William Durnford (24 June 1830 – 22 January 1879) was an Irish career British Army officer of the Royal Engineers who served in the Anglo-Zulu War. Breveted colonel, Durnford is mainly known for his heroic presence at the defeat of the British Army by the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana. Durnford was born into a military family at Manorhamilton, County", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2879281", "score": "1.0189508", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Henry Cele", "text": "Henry Cele Henry Cele () (30 January 1949 – 2 November 2007) was a South African actor noted for his portrayal of the great Zulu Warrior King Shaka kaSenzangakhona in the South African television miniseries \"Shaka Zulu.\" Henry Cele was born on 30 January 1949 in KwaMashu, Durban, South Africa. As a member of the Cele family he was referred to by his clan name Ndosi (Bavela KwaMthetwa), or Magaye. Cele, nicknamed \"Black Cat\" for his prowess as a goalkeeper, played for Aces United in the old South African Soccer League (SASL) in the 1960s. He also played for Zulu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7932327", "score": "1.0079687", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Henry Francis Fynn", "text": "Shaka and the kingdom of the Zulu in South Africa. He was played by Robert Powell in the 1986 television drama \"Shaka Zulu\". Fynn's son, also Henry Francis attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown in 1858 and 1859. Francis Farewell, leader of the colonists \"This article draws heavily on the article in the German-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of 19 July 2011\". Henry Francis Fynn Henry Francis Fynn (29 March 1803 in Grosvenor Square, London, England – 20 September 1861 in Durban, Natal, South Africa) was an English traveler and trader. His diary covers the period from 1824", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15766386", "score": "1.0050013", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Lindiwe Zulu", "text": "Lindiwe Zulu Lindiwe Daphney Zulu (born 21 April 1958) is South Africa's Minister of Small Business Development. She was the special advisor to the President on International Relations. She previously served as the head of communication for the PAN African women’s organisation in Angola in 1988. In 1989 she moved to Lusaka, Zambia where she held the position of head of communication in the ANC department of Religious Affairs. In 1990 she moved to Uganda where she was the head of communication and administrator in the ANC office. In 1991 she returned to South Africa and became the head of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18971785", "score": "0.99959564", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Mbongeni Ngema", "text": "the heart of Zululand, with the wealth of his heritage, bringing vividly to life the historic panoply of the Zulu nation. \"The Zulu\" continues its triumphant tours of South Africa, filling theatres around the country, and is set to soon tour abroad. Ngema prides himself on being from the lineage of the warriors Mbandama and Sigcwelegcwele kaMhlekehleke of the Ngema clan who led the Ingoba Makhosi regiment, a pivotal regiment that defeated the British armies at the Battle of Isandlwana in the Anglo-Zulu war, on 22 January 1879. To add to the growing list of accolades, Ngema has recently been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3986702", "score": "0.9976455", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kleist Sykes", "text": "Zulu warriors. The Zulu mercenaries were under the leadership of Chief Mohosh of Inhambane, Mozambique. They were recruited from a village named Kwa Likunyi in Mozambique. Among the mercenaries was my grandfather, Sykes Mbuwane. This was just after the Berlin Conference of 1884 in which Africa was partitioned between imperial powers in Europe. This caused resistance and from 1888-89 the people of Tanganyika rose up in arms to defend their freedom. Germans had a military camp at Pangani, the small coastal town few miles from Tanga which in those days was an important town in the German administration. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6692133", "score": "0.99716914", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mangosuthu Buthelezi", "text": "Mangosuthu Buthelezi Mangosuthu Buthelezi (born 27 August 1928) is a South African politician and Zulu tribal leader who founded the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in 1975 and was Chief Minister of the KwaZulu bantustan until 1994. He was Minister of Home Affairs of South Africa from 1994 to 2004. His praise name is Shenge. He was also previously called Gatsha. Throughout most of the apartheid era, Buthelezi was considered one of the foremost black leaders. He played a key role in creating a framework for a negotiated solution to South Africa's racial conflict, signing the landmark Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2671763", "score": "0.9937886", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Anglo-Zulu War", "text": "Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply, including disbanding his army and abandoning key cultural traditions. Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand after this ultimatum was not met. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an opening victory of the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, followed by the defeat of a large Zulu army at Rorke's", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo", "text": "or 45. He was succeeded by his son Solomon kaDinuzulu. A statue of Dinuzulu has been erected next to the statue of General Louis Botha, the first prime minister of the Transvaal colony, at the corner of Berea Road and Warwick Avenue in Durban. Beads from Dinuzulu's necklace—claimed to have been found by Robert Baden-Powell—were later presented to Scout leaders following Wood Badge leadership training. Today the Wood Badge beads are replicas of the original beads. Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (1868 – 18 October 1913, commonly misspelled Dinizulu) was the king of the Zulu nation from 20 May 1884 until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2760007", "score": "0.9900527", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Zulu royal family", "text": "Zulu royal family The Zulu royal family consists of the reigning monarch of the Zulus of South Africa, King Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, his consorts, legitimate descendants, near relatives and male-line descendants of his great-great-grandfather, King Mpande who, as a half-brother of the Zulu \"Pater Patriae\", King Shaka, reigned from 1840 to 1872. Shaka's policies and conquests transformed a small clan into one of South Africa's most influential pre-colonial realms, extending over much of what is now KwaZulu-Natal. The Nguni-speaking clan of the southern Bantus, which evolved into the Zulu people, takes its name from the third of its recorded chiefs.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8068397", "score": "0.9866195", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Dabulamanzi kaMpande", "text": "was Sanguza, one of Mpande's many wives. He took part in the Battle of Isandlwana, where he led the Undi Corps. He then led the Zulu force at the Battle of Rorke's Drift. Dabulamanzi had been specifically instructed by his brother not to attack the British outside Zulu territory, but ignored him. Dabulamanzi's tactics were ineffective, allowing the small British force to repel the Zulus. Dabulamanzi subsequently organised the Siege of Eshowe, a blockade at Fort Eshowe which isolated British troops for two months. When Lord Chelmsford arrived with a relief force, Dabulamanzi led the right wing of the Zulu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13084112", "score": "0.9846161", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Dingiswayo", "text": "Dingiswayo Dingiswayo () (c.1780 – 1817) (born Godongwana) was a Mthethwa chief, well known for his mentorship over a young Zulu general, Shaka Zulu, who rose to become the greatest of the Zulu kings. His father was the Mthethwa chief Jobe, and Jobe was the son of Kayi, who may be seen as the founder of the Mthethwa kingdom. It was under Dingiswayo that the Mthethwa rose to prominence, mostly employing diplomacy and assimilation of nearby chiefdoms to strengthen his power base. Dingiswayo was born into the Mthethwa royal family, and was son of Jobe. According to Muzi Mthethwa (1995),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2874915", "score": "0.9840697", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Josiah Tshangana Gumede", "text": "and the Reverend William August Illing, a German-trained Lutheran missionary who after 1869 renounced his Lutheran faith and became a convert of the Anglican Church. The Zulu Choir experienced blatant racial prejudice in England. He was a founding member of two important African organisations in colonial Natal, Funamalungelo and the Natal Native Congress, although he did not attend the inaugural meeting of the Natal Native Congress in June 1900. He was serving as head of the Sotho Scouts during the Anglo Boer War of 1899-1902. His testimony before the South African Native Affairs, the so-called Lagden Commission of 1904 revealed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16437888", "score": "0.98301196", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Zulu royal family", "text": "KwaZulu Natal in conjunction with the province's \"UNdunankulu weSizwe samaZulu\". The dynasty is Christian and practices polygamy, agnates of the dynasty bearing the prefix \"Prince/Princess\" and the surname \"Zulu\", while holding the rank of \"KaBhekuZulu\", (i.e. \"prince of the Blood\"). The present head of the Zulu royal family is King Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, the current monarch of the Zulu nation of South Africa. He was born on 14 July 1948, in Nongoma, KwaZulu-Natal. He became king on the death of his father, King Cyprian Bhekuzulu kaSolomon in 1968. As of 2004, Goodwill Zwelethini had six wives and 27 children: Zulu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8068400", "score": "0.982322", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Zulu royal family", "text": "whom have living descendants. In 1887 the British annexed Zululand, effectively mediatising the Zulu dynasty as paramount chiefs in the region. The Zulu people and dynasty retained their distinct cultural identity and a measure of independence under the governments of South Africa through the establishment of Zululand as a bantustan and the subsequent abolition of apartheid in the Republic. As paramount chief within the Republic of South Africa and pursuant to the preservation of African traditional leadership, the hereditary head of the Zulu dynasty retains kingly dignity, ethnic leadership, ritual authority and a civil list, reigning but not ruling in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8068399", "score": "0.9809871", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "South African Wars (1879–1915)", "text": "during the Bantu migrations. The Zulu tribe traditionally resided in the Natal province on the eastern side of South Africa. The Zulu were involved in two major wars. They fought against the British colonials in the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879. The Zulu were eventually overpowered by superior British technology. The Anglo-Zulu war resulted in the absorption of traditional Zululand into the British Cape Colony. The second conflict also involved Zulu and British colonials. Bambatha, a leader of the Zondi clan led a rebellion against British authority in the Natal province. The rebellion was suppressed by British colonial forces. The British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12442445", "score": "0.9778704", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Marthinus Nikolaas Ras", "text": "on the way back to his farm at Bokfontein, he was ambushed and killed at Kaya's Put by an impi (African war party) of the Kgatla tribal chief Linchwe, an African tribe fighting on the side of the British. Marthinus Nikolaas Ras Marthinus Nikolaas Ras (18 January 1853 – 21 February 1900) was a South African farmer, soldier, and gun-maker who is considered the father of South African Artillery. He served in the First Boer War in the Potchefstroom commando under General Piet Cronjé. After witnessing the siege on the British fort at Potchefstroom by the Boers, he realized the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14356736", "score": "0.97699213", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Solomon kaDinuzulu", "text": "became famous as a singer of traditional Zulu songs as well as for being the mother of Mangosuthu Buthelezi, leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP). He was succeeded by his son Cyprian Bhekuzulu kaSolomon. Solomon kaDinuzulu Solomon kaDinuzulu (1891–1933) was the king of the Zulu nation from 1913 until his death on 4 March 1933 at Kambi at the age of 41 or 42. He was born on the island of St. Helena during the exile there of his father, king Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo. In conjunction with the ANC he was a founder of the original Inkatha (or \"Inkatha kaZulu\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2760516", "score": "0.9758334", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Nathaniel Isaacs", "text": "wrote \"\"The differences between Maclean's and Isaacs' accounts [of Shaka's brutality] are so glaring that one is forced to ask which of the two is plain lying.\"\" Nathaniel Isaacs Nathaniel Isaacs (1808–1872) was an English adventurer who played a part in the history of Natal, South Africa. He wrote a book spread over two volumes (whose accuracy is now disputed) called \"Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa\". This book subsequently became one of the principal sources quoted by writers of the history of Natal including Morris (\"The Washing of the Spears: The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation\"), Ritter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5272909", "score": "0.9751606", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Legends of Africa", "text": "He is widely credited with transforming the Zulu tribe from a small clan into the beginnings of a nation that held sway over the large portion of Southern Africa that stretches between the Phongolo and Mzimkhulu rivers. His military prowess and destructiveness have been widely studied by modern scholarship. One \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" article (Macropaedia Article \"Shaka\" 1974 ed) asserts that he was something of a military genius for his reforms and innovations. Other writers take a more limited view of his achievements. Nevertheless, his statesmanship and vigour in assimilating some neighbours and ruling by proxy marks him as one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9526223", "score": "0.9722695", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Mageba kaGumede", "text": "Mageba kaGumede King Mageba kaGumede (c. 1667c. 1745) was an early leader of the Zulu people of South Africa. Mageba is said to have succeeded his twin brother Phunga as leader of the Zulu clan on Phunga's death in about 1727. (This succession between close brothers is reflected by references in Zulu praise poetry such as \"Zulu ka Phunga no Mageba!\" (\"Zulus, children of Phunga and Mageba!\")). Mageba had at least two sons: Ndaba, who succeeded him as king, and Mpangazitha. Mpangazitha married his cousin, and it is from this marriage that the Mbatha clan as well as the Mageza", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6330043", "score": "0.97209", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Bhambatha", "text": "Bhambatha Bambata, or Bhambatha kaMancinza (c. 1865–1906?), also known as Mbata Bhambatha, was a Zulu chief of the amaZondi clan in the Colony of Natal and son of Mancinza. He is famous for his role in an armed rebellion in 1906 when the poll tax was raised from a tax per hut to per head (£1 tax on all native men older than 18 – infamously called ukhandampondo), increasing hardship during a severe economic depression. Bhambatha claims that he was told to lead an armed rebellion by the de facto Zulu King Dinizulu. Dinizulu disputed this account and no convincing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8887831", "score": "0.9715355", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Lindiwe Zulu", "text": "was elected to the ANC national executive committee. In 2009 Ms Zulu was elected to Parliament as an MP to the National Assembly. She currently serves as the small business minister. Zulu was born on 21 April 1958 in the village of Nhlazatshe, Mpumalanga; however the village was razed to the ground during Apartheid. The village was forced to set up new homes in Madadeni, Newcastle which was in the Zululand Bantustan province. Zulu's parents moved their family to Swaziland as her mother is a Swazi from Gege. She was educated at St. Theresa’s and Mjingo schools before attending the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18971787", "score": "0.96968937", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Langalibalele", "text": "clan. Shaka expanded the Zulu clan into a tribe, by attacking neighbouring clans and assimilating the survivors; his aggression caused the catastrophe of the \"Mfecane\". At the time of Langalibalele's birth, European settlements in Southern Africa were confined to Cape Colony and to Portuguese fortress of Lourenço Marques. In 1824 Fynn established a small British settlement at Port Natal (later to become Durban) but the British Government declined to take possession of the port. From 1834 onwards, the Voortrekkers (Dutch-speaking farmers) started to migrate from the Cape Colony in large numbers and in 1837 crossed the Drakensberg into KwaZulu-Natal where,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15796043", "score": "0.9672264", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Zulu people", "text": "2 million lived in the rest of South Africa. The Chief Minister of KwaZulu, from its creation in 1970 (as Zululand) was Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi. In 1994, KwaZulu was joined with the province of Natal, to form modern KwaZulu-Natal. \"Inkatha YeSizwe\" means \"the crown of the nation\". In 1975, Buthelezi revived the Inkatha YaKwaZulu, predecessor of the Inkatha Freedom Party. This organization was nominally a protest movement against apartheid, but held more conservative views than the ANC. For example, Inkatha was opposed to the armed struggle, and to sanctions against South Africa. Inkatha was initially on good terms with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "466318", "score": "0.96532106", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Ndlela kaSompisi", "text": "life (culture). In 2004 a monument to Ndlela kaSompisi was unveiled in KwaZulu Natal, attended by Jacob Zuma. Ndlela kaSompisi Ndlela kaSompisi (died February 1840) was a key general to Zulu Kings Shaka and Dingane. He rose to prominence as a highly effective warrior under Shaka. Dingane appointed him as his \"inDuna\", or chief advisor. He was also the principal commander of Dingane's armies. However, Ndlela's failure to defeat the Boers under Andries Pretorius and a rebellion against Dingane led to his execution. According to E. A. Ritter Ndlela was a \"Ntuli cannibal recruit\" to Shaka's army. His name means", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3842263", "score": "0.9637723", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "George Morris Sutton", "text": "Press, 2006, , Pages 152-153 George Morris Sutton George Morris Sutton (8 July 1834 - 30 November 1913) was a South African politician and farmer. Born in Britain, he served as the Prime Minister of the British Colony of Natal from 18 August 1903 to 16 May 1905. Sutton was born on 8 July 1834 in Crowland, Lincolnshire to Joseph Sutton and Elizabeth Price (née Cherrington). In 1854 he emigrated to the United States, where in 1859 he married Harriett Burkitt, mother of his two sons. After living for some years in Chicago, Illinois, Sutton emigrated to the British Crown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15696457", "score": "0.9619547", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Ndwandwe–Zulu War", "text": "become recognized as head of the Zulus after Senzangakhona died in 1816. The two chieftains were close friends, and their warriors fought together against common enemies, such as the Ndwandwe headed by King Zwide. After Dingiswayo was captured and executed by Zwide, the Mthethwa people placed themselves under Shaka and took the Zulu name. Shaka revolutionized traditional ways of fighting by introducing the assegai, a short stabbing spear, as a weapon and by organizing warriors into disciplined units that fought in close formation behind large cowhide shields. In the Battle of Gqokli Hill in 1817, his troops and tactics prevailed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2905897", "score": "0.96193814", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

[ "a low concentration in pigmentation" ]

[ { "title": "Blond", "text": "ice or snow on the ground, and this reflects the solar radiation onto the skin, making this environment lack the conditions for the person to have blond, brown or red hair, light skin and blue, grey or green eyes. An alternative hypothesis was presented by Canadian anthropologist Peter Frost, who claims blond hair evolved very quickly in a specific area at the end of the last ice age by means of sexual selection. According to Frost, the appearance of blond hair and blue eyes in some northern European women made them stand out from their rivals, and more sexually appealing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2564461", "score": "1.0188522", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Eye color", "text": "low or moderate concentration of melanin) with: 2) a blue shade created by the Rayleigh scattering of reflected light. Green eyes contain the yellowish pigment lipochrome. Green eyes probably result from the interaction of multiple variants within the \"OCA2\" and other genes. They were present in south Siberia during the Bronze Age. They are most common in Northern, Western and Central Europe. In Ireland and Scotland 14% of people have brown eyes and 86% have either blue or green eyes, In Iceland, 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3337816", "score": "0.93915915", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Sex differences in human physiology", "text": "hair, whereas males were more likely to have black or dark brown hair. Another study found green eyes, which are a result of lower melanin levels, to be much more common in women than in men, at least by a factor of two. However, one more recent study found that while women indeed tend to have a lower frequency of black hair, men on the other hand had a higher frequency of platinum blond hair, blue eyes and lighter skin. According to this one theory the cause for this is a higher frequency of genetic recombination in women than in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6598530", "score": "0.9360423", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Green", "text": "green pigment in green eyes; like the color of blue eyes, it is an optical illusion; its appearance is caused by the combination of an amber or light brown pigmentation of the stroma, given by a low or moderate concentration of melanin, with the blue tone imparted by the Rayleigh scattering of the reflected light. Green eyes are most common in Northern and Central Europe. They can also be found in Southern Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. In Iceland, 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "158265", "score": "0.93202883", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Eye color", "text": "and Dutch adults found green eyes to be much more prevalent in women than in men. Among European Americans, green eyes are most common among those of recent Celtic and Germanic ancestry, about 16%. 37.2% of Italians from Verona and 56% of Slovenes have blue/green eyes. Green eyes are common in Tabby cats as well as the Chinchilla Longhair and its shorthaired equivalents are notable for their black-rimmed sea-green eyes. Hazel eyes are due to a combination of Rayleigh scattering and a moderate amount of melanin in the iris' anterior border layer. Hazel eyes often appear to shift in color", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3337817", "score": "0.9287585", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Leggy", "text": "sweet and pretty, and likes to sing diverse songs. Jill has long blonde hair almost to her knees with bangs, as well as blue eyes and pink lipstick. In the Leggy brochure it states that her nickname is the new blonde. She was American born in Denver, living in Santa Monica California. She is a student, with the distinguishing features of long blonde hair, long legs and big eyes. She loves horses, sleeping late and cooking. Nan has brown curly hair in an up do ponytail, with brown and violet eyes and red lipstick. In the Leggy brochure it states", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10462207", "score": "0.9271581", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Eva Green", "text": "described herself as \"a secular Jew who never attended synagogue as a girl\" and feels \"like a citizen of the world\". She has described her family as \"bourgeois\" and has said that her sister is very different from her. Green is naturally dark blonde; she has dyed her hair black since she was 15 years old. She is the niece of actress Marika Green and the maternal first cousin of singer Elsa Lunghini and actress Joséphine Jobert. The surname \"Green\" ]; is Swedish. It does not originate from the English word \"green\", which is \"grön\" in Swedish. \"Green\" is derived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2977804", "score": "0.9207123", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Green-Eyed Blonde", "text": "The Green-Eyed Blonde The Green-Eyed Blonde is a 1957 American drama film directed by Bernard Girard and written by Dalton Trumbo, a blacklisted Hollywood screenwriter; the script was credited to his front, Sally Stubblefield. The film stars Susan Oliver, Melinda Plowman, Beverly Long, Norma Jean Nilsson, Tommie Moore and Carla Merey. The film was released by Warner Bros. on December 14, 1957. Maggie Wilson joins the staff of a California institution for wayward girls, run by the stern Mrs. Nichols. A new arrival, Betsy Abel, hates her mother and has a two-month-old baby of her own, refusing to identify the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18811258", "score": "0.9108126", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Carleton S. Coon", "text": "basin from a Near Eastern origin. While often characterized by dark brown hair, dark eyes and robust features, he stressed that Mediterraneans skin is, as a rule, some shade of white from pink to light brown, hair is usually black or dark brown but his whiskers may reveal a few strands of red of even blond, and blond hair is an exception but can be found, and a wide range of eye color can be found. Coon first modified Franz Weidenreich's polycentric (or multiregional) theory of the origin of races. The Weidenreich Theory states that human races have evolved independently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "849738", "score": "0.9042257", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Blond", "text": "hair is related to the evolution of light skin, and in turn the requirement for vitamin D synthesis and northern Europe's seasonal less solar radiation. Lighter skin is due to a low concentration in pigmentation, thus allowing more sunlight to trigger the production of vitamin D. In this way, high frequencies of light hair in northern latitudes are a result of the light skin adaptation to lower levels of solar radiation, which reduces the prevalence of rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency. The darker pigmentation at higher latitudes in certain ethnic groups such as the Inuit is explained by a", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "My Scene", "text": "maroon-streaked platinum blonde hair, green eyes, pale skin and a beauty mark on her cheek. In 2007, she was produced with dark brown hair with blonde streaks and green-blue eyes. She is from California and is a skater and surfer. She is Chelsea 's cousin. According to the My Scene website, she enjoys the beach. Ellis is her boyfriend. Her birthday is May 10 and her astrological sign is Taurus. Her look is edgy, funky, and colorful. She was named after Delancey Street in New York City. Her pet is named Sugar. Delancey is voiced by Meghan Black. Kenzie has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7365556", "score": "0.89775085", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Blond", "text": "culture, blonde women are often negatively stereotyped as sexually attractive, but unintelligent. The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\". It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\". This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\". The word \"blond\" has two possible origins. Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2564453", "score": "0.8891839", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Girl with Green Eyes", "text": "with Baba, where she gets over her heartbreak and meets \"different people, different men\". In \"The New York Times\", Bosley Crowther wrote, \"\"Girl With Green Eyes\" is another of those remarkably fresh and natural films that have come from the Woodfall organisation, which is sparked by protean Tony Richardson and which has given us such a dazzling range of pictures as \"A Taste of Honey\", \"Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner\" and \"Tom Jones\". While it is not as ambitious or extensive as any of those, it is a wonderfully tender, touching and humorous little drama of a lonely Irish", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10185761", "score": "0.88698864", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "My Scene", "text": "red hair, light freckled skin, and green eyes and is from Atlanta, Georgia. Kenzie has appeared four times since she was introduced in 2004. She and \"Nolee\" were very close and, according to the official website, Kenzie works in a shopping mall and also creates scents. Her birthday is June 25 and her astrological sign is Cancer. She likes to make people laugh, and her style is characterized as \"cute.\" Her pet is Coco, and was a repaint of Barbie's dog, Yorkie. Kenzie is voiced by Ashleigh Ball. Kennedy has golden-blonde hair, light (then tanned) skin and gray-blue eyes. She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7365557", "score": "0.8852777", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Blonde stereotype", "text": "been conducted over the years to measure society's attitude toward blondes and brunettes. Many of the studies have shown that men, especially those of European descent, find blonde women more attractive than brunettes, redheads, or women of other races who had darker hair, eyes, or complexion. A Cornell University study showed that blonde waitresses receive larger tips than brunettes, even when controlling for other variables such as age, breast size, height and weight. In a 2012 interview with NBC News, Dr. Lisa Walker, Sociology Department Chair at the University of North Carolina said that hair color \"absolutely\" plays a role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3815014", "score": "0.88366467", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "White Latin Americans", "text": "a subsequent DNA tests showed that the average self identifying white was genetically 54% European. Genotype and phenotype in Chileans vary according to social class. 13% of lower-class Chileans have at least one non-Hispanic European surname, compared to 72% of those who belong to the upper-middle-class. Phenotypically, only 9.6% of lower-class girls have light-colored eyes—either green or blue—where 31.6% of upper-middle class girls have such eyes. Blonde hair is present in 2.2% and 21.3%, of lower-class and upper-middle girls respectively, whilst black hair is more common among lower-class girls (24.5%) than upper-middle class ones (9.0%). Chile was usually an unattractive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9572444", "score": "0.8794246", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Green-Eyed Blonde", "text": "the girls start a full-scale riot. Greeneyes is given a six-month extension to her sentence, against Maggie's recommendation. Greeneyes escapes, but when she and Ed are chased by police, they are killed. The Green-Eyed Blonde The Green-Eyed Blonde is a 1957 American drama film directed by Bernard Girard and written by Dalton Trumbo, a blacklisted Hollywood screenwriter; the script was credited to his front, Sally Stubblefield. The film stars Susan Oliver, Melinda Plowman, Beverly Long, Norma Jean Nilsson, Tommie Moore and Carla Merey. The film was released by Warner Bros. on December 14, 1957. Maggie Wilson joins the staff of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18811260", "score": "0.8762518", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Blond Eskimos", "text": "to explain the high amount of blondeness in Copper Inuit inhabiting southwestern Victoria Island. In 2003, two Icelandic scientists, the geneticists and anthropologists Agnar Helgason and Gísli Pálsson announced the results of their research comparing DNA from 100 Cambridge Bay Inuit with DNA from Icelanders, and concluded that there was no match. In 2008, in an article in \"Current Anthropology,\" Palsson concludes that recent work \"refutes Stefansson's speculations on the Copper Inuit\". Blond Eskimos Blonde Eskimos or Blond Eskimos is a term first applied to sightings and encounters of light haired Inuit (then known as Eskimo) peoples of Northern Canada", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6231505", "score": "0.8748056", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Blond", "text": "hair is very frequent. The hair color gene MC1R has at least seven variants in Europe, giving the continent a wide range of hair and eye shades. Based on a genetic research carried out at three Japanese universities, the date of the genetic mutation that resulted in blond hair in Europe has been isolated to about 11,000 years ago during the last ice age. A typical explanation found in the scientific literature for the evolution of light hair is related to the evolution of light skin, and in turn the requirement for vitamin D synthesis and northern Europe's seasonal less", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2564459", "score": "0.87313616", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Blond", "text": "to 7,700 years ago, as the earliest known individuals in whom the modern Scandinavian phenotype, combining light skin, blue eyes and blond hair, was combined. These individuals had light skin gene alleles in SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, and HERC2/OCA2 alleles associated with blue eyes (also contributes to lighter skin and blond hair). Light pigmentation traits had thus already existed in pre-Indo-European Europeans, since at least the later Mesolithic. Later individuals with Yamnaya ancestry, by contrast, were predominantly dark-eyed (brown), dark-haired and had a skin colour that was moderately light, though somewhat darker than that of the average modern European. It is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2564463", "score": "0.8728221", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Portuguese people", "text": "features can be questioned, nevertheless, it is possible to draw the general anthropometrical features of the majority of the Portuguese population. Dark to medium brown hair and brown and hazel eyes are predominant. However, light brown and blond hair and blue and green eyes are also found frequently. Chestnut and auburn-colored hair types occur generally. Legitimate black hair—not espresso brown—can be found, but it is not very common. Light, true red hair (meaning red shades that are non-auburn) is seen on occasion. Pigmentation field studies by Tamagnini (1916, 1936), Correa (1919) and others recorded national average fair hair (\"blondism\") frequencies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3727401", "score": "0.8714788", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Brown", "text": "on non-Europeans. A small amount of black eumelanin, in the absence of other pigments, results in grey hair. A small amount of brown eumelanin in the absence of other pigments results in blond hair. In Western popular culture, a common stereotype is that brunettes are stable, serious, smart and sophisticated. A British study into hair color and the intensity of attraction found that 62 percent of the men participating in the study associated brown-haired women with stability and competence. Brunettes were described as independent and self-sufficient by 67 percent of the men, and as intelligent by 81 percent. A majority", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "505687", "score": "0.87025464", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "My Scene", "text": "their \"My Scene Goes Hollywood\" line. Bryant has green eyes and strawberry blonde hair. He was introduced in season two along with Hudson, and made his final appearance in season three. According to the official website, he is an Aquarius born on February 6, snacks on wasabi green peas, loves video cameras, likes to skateboard and would never watch a buddy cop movie. He is probably happiest when he's behind a camera, as he love documenting every moment. He was marketed as Nolee's boyfriend. It is rumored he was created to look like \"American Idol\" runner-up Justin Guarini. Recently, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7365560", "score": "0.86971664", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Sarará", "text": "but is only present in significant numbers in Western Eurasian populations and their descendants) are recessive, so that a person with full Amerindian or sub-Saharan African ancestry, or a mixing between the two, is by far very unlikely to have red-haired or blond-haired offspring, no matter how fair the complexion of her or his Caucasian or multiracial sexual partner or spouse. The genes responsible for brown hair are also extremely rare among Indigenous peoples of the Americas and Black Africans, but not as uncommon. The most common hair colour in Brazil is brown. Natural blond and red hair are especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14218695", "score": "0.86867625", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Indo-Iranians", "text": "U2e, U5a1, Z, T1, T4, H, and K2b. 90% of the Bronze Age period mtDNA haplogroups were of west Eurasian origin and the study of three key genes known to be involved in human pigmentation pathways —HERC2, SLC45A2, and TYR— provide direct evidence of strong selection favoring blue (or green)-eyes, fair-skin and light-hair. This also correlates with first hand accounts written by ancient historians, including Pliny the Elder who characterizes the Iranic tribe Seres as red-haired and blue-eyed; and Ammianus Marcellinus who wrote that the Alans, another Iranic tribe, were tall, blond and light-eyed. . A 2004 study also established", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5022519", "score": "0.868479", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Rainbow Valley", "text": "with red hair and gray-green eyes. She is special chums with Walter, who tells her his secrets and lets her read his poetry. Di is like her father, with similar qualities and personality, having his practical bent and common sense, as well as his twinkling sense of humor. Diana, like her mother before her, regrets her hair color and wishes her hair was like Nan's. She is very chummy and likes to have a named best friend, which causes several unfortunate events, but she is also quite loyal to her brothers and sisters. Her nickname is pronounced \"Die\", not \"Dee\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027439", "score": "0.86587656", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Brian Breaghach Mág Samhradháin", "text": "it. Poems 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 by Giolla Pádraig mac Naimhin, written c.1290–1298, in the Book of Magauran describe what Brian looked like then. He had blonde curly hair with blue-grey eyes, dark eyebrows and ruddy cheeks. His skin was fair. He wore a diadem on his head, a red cloak and coloured shoes. He played chess. He was fond of poetry and kept a poet's school house at the foot of Cuilcagh mountain. His wife Fionnghuala O'Connor had long blond hair which she wore in plaits. She had a ruddy face with green-blue eyes, dark eyebrows and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19535725", "score": "0.85891306", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Blond", "text": "of a person, esp. a woman... being foolish or scatter-brained.\" Another hair color word of French origin, \"brunet(te)\" (from the same Germanic root that gave \"brown\"), functions in the same way in orthodox English. The \"OED\" gives \"brunet\" as meaning \"dark-complexioned\" or a \"dark-complexioned person\", citing a comparative usage of \"brunet\" and \"blond\" to Thomas Henry Huxley in saying, \"The present contrast of blonds and brunets existed among them.\" \"Brunette\" can be used, however, like \"blonde\", to describe a mixed-gender populace. The \"OED\" quotes Grant Allen, \"The nation which resulted... being sometimes blonde, sometimes brunette.\" \"Blond\" and \"blonde\" are also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2564457", "score": "0.8576312", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sakura Kinomoto", "text": "towards the feelings of others. Sakura is so innocent and naive that she fails to recognize Syaoran's feelings for her and unintentionally gets into trouble. Despite this, she retains a determined spirit and attachments to those she cares for. Sakura has short, honey brown hair, fair skin, and emerald green eyes. In certain manga sketches and official artwork, this sometimes changes. In addition to her anime hair and eyes, her hair is sometimes colored auburn, her eyes are sometimes colored grey or blue, and her skin is sometimes olive skin. As a child, she is naturally short in height, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12537468", "score": "0.8558283", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Brown hair", "text": "Lisa\", is brunette. In the French folk song \"Au Clair de la Lune\", the likable Lubin visits his brunette neighbor at Pierrot's suggestion. In the Irish song \"The Star of the County Down\" the narrator falls in love with a woman with \"nut-brown\" hair, called Rose McCann. The Doctor, the eponymous character of timelord \"Doctor Who\" who is able to regenerate its body, has had brown hair in seven of its incarnations, including the first three Doctors that have appeared in the revived series. In popular culture, brunettes may be portrayed as being in a rivalry or competition with blonde", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2788025", "score": "0.85575664", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "\"Fix You\"" ]

[ { "title": "Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall", "text": "Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall \"Every Teardrop is a Waterfall\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. The song is the lead single from Coldplay's fifth studio album, \"Mylo Xyloto\", it was released on 3 June 2011, as a digital download except in the United Kingdom where it was released 2 days later. The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. It contains elements of the 1976 song \"I Go to Rio\" written by Peter Allen and Adrienne Anderson. Debuting at number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the United States,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15649130", "score": "0.85051394", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Yellow (Coldplay song)", "text": "song's main melody, consisting of a chord pattern, popped into his head. At first, Martin did not take it seriously \"as he relayed the tune to the rest of the band in his worst Neil Young impersonation voice\". Martin has said, \"The song had the word 'stars' and that seemed like a word you should sing in a Neil Young voice.\" The melody \"started off a lot slower\", according to drummer Will Champion, and it sounded like a Neil Young song. Not long after, despite not taking the song seriously, Martin's idea worked out when he had developed the tempo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4480577", "score": "0.8333217", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Viva la Vida", "text": "the stupidity of what we have to put up with every day. Hence the album title.\" Unlike the then-typical arrangement of Coldplay songs, in which either the guitar or piano is the prominent instrument, the track mostly consists of a string section and a digital piano playing the song's upbeat riff, along with a steady bass drum beat, percussion (including a timpano and a church bell), bass guitar, and Martin's vocals; there is limited use of electric guitar. All the strings are arranged and conducted by violinist Davide Rossi, who is one of the main collaborators of the album. Rossi's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11933587", "score": "0.827082", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Birds (Coldplay song)", "text": "Birds (Coldplay song) \"Birds\" is a song by British alternative rock band Coldplay. It was produced by the band's long-time record producer Rik Simpson along with Norwegian production duo Stargate. It appears as the second track on their seventh studio album, \"A Head Full of Dreams\" (2015). An official music video was also released by the band. The video was directed by Marcus Haney. It was set to the backdrop of the Colorado Desert's famous Salvation Mountain. The entire video was shot on a Super 8mm camera. The director wrote on Instagram: \"It's a tribute of thanks to the late", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19158037", "score": "0.8251932", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Fix You", "text": "Manchester\" benefit concert for the victims of the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. The song received widespread acclaim from music critics. In the \"Rolling Stone Magazine\" review of the album, critic Kelefa Sanneh wrote: \"One of the best is 'Fix You', an unabashedly sentimental song where Martin delivers words of encouragement in a gentle falsetto [...] Proving once more that no band can deliver a stately rock ballad like this one.\" Paul McNamee of \"NME\" magazine wrote: \"It’s a wonderful song that shifts from simple stark piano and voice to a ringing, clattering burst of intent and proto-prog four-part harmony.\" Adrien", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092571", "score": "0.8250949", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Oceans (Coldplay song)", "text": "performance of the song, playing the acoustic guitar without his wedding ring; the first time since his separation from Gwyneth Paltrow. Oceans (Coldplay song) \"Oceans\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It is the seventh track from their sixth studio album, \"Ghost Stories\". The song is an acoustic ballad that has been described as channelling Coldplay's earlier works, \"Parachutes\" and \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". The song is predominantly played with an acoustic guitar and a steady electronic drum beat, with a light orchestra accompanying the song towards the end. The song's second half merges into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17950692", "score": "0.82249343", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Strawberry Swing", "text": "Petrdis of \"The Guardian\" stated that there \"certainly a wider sonic palette on offer\" on the song, musing that that track contained both a jerkily funky beat, and a vaguely African-sounding guitar line. The song shares common traits of Coldplay's songs; it's a mid-tempo track, featuring echoing guitars, piano ballad-inspired melodies and bittersweet, anthemics, falsetto vocals. The overall sound of the song was also inspired by the Delakota song \"The Rock\", which utilizes a backward guitar loop. The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic stated that the track, with its light, \"gently infectious", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13393207", "score": "0.8212156", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Oceans (Coldplay song)", "text": "a lovely, slightly forlorn sway of a song, with an acoustic guitar anchoring Chris Martin's meandering falsetto amidst some swirling atmospherics\". Alex Young of \"Consequence of Sound\" jokingly stated that the song would \"make for a good Starbucks soundtrack\". \"Oceans\" was first performed by the band during their appearance on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge program on 23 April 2014, alongside \"Magic\". A video of the performance was uploaded onto the official BBC Radio 1 YouTube channel the same day as the airing of the performance. The performance was featured on many music magazines and websites, with some noting Martin's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17950691", "score": "0.8210494", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Fun (Coldplay song)", "text": "The song has the name title and concept as another song written by Chris Martin in 2008, which was left off \"Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends\" and was released by Australian singer-songwriter Natalie Imbruglia. Judah Joseph of \"The Huffington Post\" said Martin's and Tove Lo's vocals \"[weaved] seamlessly\", and he complimented the former for his \"effortless\" crooning. Referring to Martin's allusion to his separation from Paltrow, Tom Breihan of \"Stereogum\" wrote, \"It’s a rare moment of acute, cutting humanity from a songwriter who tends to prefer sloppy vagaries.\" Furthermore, he said, \"And goofy though it may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19158054", "score": "0.82064134", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Fix You", "text": "\"Fix You\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all four members of the band for their third studio album, X&Y (2005). The track is built around an organ accompanied by slow tempo drums and vocals.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Magic (Coldplay song)", "text": "craftsmanship.\" The song was placed at number thirty on \"Rolling Stone\"s 50 Best Songs of 2014 list. Writing for Consequence of Sound, Alex Young opined that the track \"sounds a lot less Bon Iver and a lot more Chris Martin drinking a venti, no-whip Skinny Vanilla Latte on a Sunday afternoon.\" Carl Williot of Idolator noted the song's Edge influence and commented that it showed \"a tonedown their trademark grandeur in exchange for a more minimalist, atmospheric set of songs.\" \"Spin\"'s Kyle McGovern had similar thoughts, and called the track \"a low-key meditation on love.\" Bill Lamb of About.com gave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17865472", "score": "0.81596404", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Paradise (Coldplay song)", "text": "in a Rihanna song and melodies you would expect from a band like Friendly Fires and the \"oohs\" from 3OH!3 is what you first hear. That is, of course, until Chris Martin's vocals come into play and there is no doubt in your mind that this is Coldplay. A wonderful chorus of \"para-para-paradise\" reminds you just how good they really are. It will remain with you for weeks to come, like that new piece of clothing you just can't get enough of\". About.com said, in a three-and-a-half star review, that \"even when Coldplay sound a bit like they are spinning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15831759", "score": "0.8087826", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Trouble (Coldplay song)", "text": "at number 1. Two different music videos for the single were released. An associated EP titled Trouble – Norwegian Live EP was released in the summer of 2001, consisted of five tracks recorded live by the band at Rockefeller Music Hall in Oslo, Norway. According to Coldplay's lead singer Chris Martin, the song's writing was inspired by his own behaviour. Martin recalls, \"There were some bad things going in our band ... the song is about behaving badly towards somebody you really love and I was certainly doing that to some members of the band.\" He added that he supposed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4487094", "score": "0.8078626", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Hardest Part (Coldplay song)", "text": "The Hardest Part (Coldplay song) \"The Hardest Part\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all four members of the band for their third album, \"X&Y\". A piano-based ballad song, it begins with a piano melody, followed with electric guitar lines, that accompanies slow-tempo drumming. It was released on 3 April 2006 as the fourth single from \"X&Y\". The song was released as a radio-only song on United Kingdom radio stations. It appeared on the United States \"Billboard\" Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and peaked at number 37, making it Coldplay's first appearance on that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6978153", "score": "0.80749273", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "42 (song)", "text": "42 (song) \"42\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all members of the band for their fourth album, \"Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends\". The song, divided into three parts, does not have a chorus. The first part is a ballad with piano and strings. It then transforms into an uptempo rock arrangement with a guitar solo. Finally, the song ends with a multi-instrumental part. A live version of \"42\" was featured on the band's 2009 live album, \"LeftRightLeftRightLeft\". The mysterious title \"42\" may be related to the fact that there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14329896", "score": "0.80524266", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Fix You", "text": "anyway.\" The song, which is written in the key of E major, features an organ and piano sound. The song starts with a hushed electric organ ballad, including Martin's falsetto. The song then builds with acoustic guitar and piano, along with a string section during the beginning choruses. The sound then shifts with a plaintive three-note guitar line, ringing through a rhythmic upbeat drum tempo. The song then transitions to its bridge, which roars into an instrumentation of piano notes, electric & bass guitar riffs, drums, and a singalong chorus with an anthemic feel. A synthesiser then joins the instrumentation,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5092566", "score": "0.8027885", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Coldplay", "text": "and funds aiming to counter plastic pollution of the ocean. Coldplay have won numerous music awards throughout their history, including the American Music Award, nine Brit Awards (including winning the Best British Group four times), six MTV Video Music Awards, seven MTV Europe Music Awards, three World Music Awards, seven Billboard Music Awards, and seven Grammy Awards out of 32 nominations. 2009 was their most successful year having received seven Grammy Award nominations at the 51st Grammy Awards, and won three. Coldplay have sold over 100 million records worldwide. Coldplay Coldplay are a British rock band, formed in 1996 by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "844097", "score": "0.80049616", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Violet Hill", "text": "most any Coldplay tunes I can think of.\" Kristina Feliciano of \"Paste\" magazine wrote: \"You know you're in for a different kind of Coldplay experience when Chris Martin ditches his anguished falsetto for a deep, doomy basso profundo, as he does on 'Violet Hill'\". Mikael Wood of \"Spin\" magazine wrote: \"'Violet Hill' pulls a similar fake-out, bludgeoning a delicate Eno-style soundscape with big Black Sabbath guitars.\" Darcie Stevens of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote: \"While the band's fourth LP begins light and pretty, its power breaks late-album with Old West tangent 'Violet Hill'\". The song appeared on \"Rolling Stone\"s Hot List", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11869755", "score": "0.7992757", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Talk (Coldplay song)", "text": "a chiming note for more abrasive riffs during the bridge (or breakdown) near the end of the song. A string section can be heard during the choruses and before the start of the bridge. Guy Berryman also plays uptempo bass lines to compliment the track's pace, featuring slower, more abrasive riffs during the song's verses and bridge. In the fourth line of the second verse, Martin sings: \"Or write a song nobody had sung/Or do something that's never been done.\" The third line of the third verse is: \"Tell me how do you feel?/Well I feel like they're talking in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6015700", "score": "0.7967701", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Yellow (Coldplay song)", "text": "Artists Company. It was shot at 50 frames per second, twice the regular speed. At the shoot, Chris Martin had to sing the song at double speed so that the audio and visual content would be in sync, a common yet difficult practice of music videos. The final product is slowed to 25 frames per second, giving the slow motion effect of the video. The transition of the video from night to day was achieved during the telecine process. During the transfer from film to videotape, an operator manually adjusted the amount of lighting for blue in the beginning, red", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4480593", "score": "0.7961758", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Don't Panic (Coldplay song)", "text": "followed by the vocals of Chris Martin. A review claims that Coldplay's indie rock inclination is obvious in the song. The verse melody is similar to 'Things' by Split Enz (1979). Originally, the band planned to release \"Don't Panic\" as \"Parachutes\" fourth single. However, it was abandoned after they deemed three singles were enough for an album. Following the successful single releases of the album in 2000, the band thought that \"Parachutes\" had gained enough exposure in significant regions in the United Kingdom. When they decided to release a fourth single, it would be for countries yet not \"overdosed\" by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4491530", "score": "0.79581857", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Atlas (Coldplay song)", "text": "rings around most of the current zeitgeist.\" On 15 October 2013, it was announced that \"Atlas\" would receive the Hollywood Song Award at the 17th Hollywood Film Awards. The song was also performed at the gala ceremony, which took place on 21 October 2013 at the Beverly Hilton hotel. Carlos de Abreau, the Hollywood Film Awards founder and executive director, told \"The Hollywood Reporter\", \"The Hollywood Film Awards is thrilled to present the Hollywood Song Award to a band as globally respected and prolific as Coldplay. They continue to build their legacy and, with 'Atlas' marking the first time they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17480124", "score": "0.795722", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall", "text": "praised the song, stating \"Modern rock behemoths Coldplay just previewed the first single off their upcoming Brian Eno-produced fifth studio album, and it's every bit as soaring as we've come to expect from the band.\" and finished up saying \"In any case, \"Every Teardrop Is A Waterfall\" has major summer smash potential, so teary waterfalls, be gone, Coldplay!\" Bill Lamb of About.com gave the song a four stars rating out of five explaining \"The overall effect of this song is Coldplay moving forward into new explorations while keeping the elements that endear them to their fans wholly intact. \"Every Teardrop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15649136", "score": "0.79487646", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "All I Can Think About Is You", "text": "Andrew Pollard of \"Redbrick\" said that the song \"feels like a celebration of their [Coldplay] distinct sound and musical past rather than a lazy rehash\". Ben Kaye of \"Consequence of Sound\" said that the song has \"a psychedelic dream of jammy guitars and gentle percussion\". An animated lyrics video was released alongside the single and was directed by I Saw John First. Colin Stutz of \"Billboard\" magazine called the video \"equally trippy\" as the song. Credits adapted from Tidal. All I Can Think About Is You \"All I Can Think About Is You\" is a song by British rock band", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20030956", "score": "0.79411024", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Viva la Vida", "text": "of Apple Inc.'s iPod + iTunes advertisement campaign. Coldplay performed the song live for the first time at the 2008 MTV Movie Awards. It has since gone on to make many media appearances, including being featured throughout the episode from the paranormal drama \"Medium\", as a song played on the radio in the episode \"We're Not in Kansas Anymore\" from the teen drama \"90210\", used as bumper music on Bill Bennett's \"Morning in America\" radio talk show, and on the international soundtrack to the Brazilian soap opera \"A Favorita\" which helped push \"Viva la Vida\" up the charts in Brazil,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11933590", "score": "0.7910385", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Christmas Lights (song)", "text": "from YouTube after the IFPI claimed a breach of copyright, despite the video being on one of Coldplay's official channels. However, it was eventually uploaded once again. Christmas Lights (song) \"Christmas Lights\" is a song by British alternative rock band Coldplay released on 1 December 2010, as a digital download. Described by the band as \"a mid-tempo number\" in the key of G major, the song was released to very positive reviews. The cover art is by Yu Matsuoka Pol. Chris Martin wrote the song in December 2008. The morning after he began work on \"Christmas Lights\", he performed a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15100814", "score": "0.7907055", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Mylo Xyloto", "text": "CD, digital copy and LP disc along with copies of the bands studio notes, stencils, a poster, a pop up book and stickers was made available on 19 December 2011. On 31 May, Coldplay announced that their new song \"Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall\" would be released on 3 June at 12 pm BST via download. The single contains elements of \"I Go to Rio\" written by Peter Allen and Adrienne Anderson. On 21 June 2011, Coldplay's website announced that the band would release an iTunes exclusive digital EP containing the songs \"Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall\", \"Major Minus\", and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14697713", "score": "0.78975284", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Midnight (Coldplay song)", "text": "down to a ghostly essence.\" Writing for PopMatters, Evan Sawdey rated the song 8/10 and summarized it as \"chilly, moody, and evocative\". \"Rolling Stone\"s Cory Grow compared Martin's vocals to Peter Gabriel \"as he sings about darkness, while the synths build throughout the track before a skittery, rave-like keyboard line flits about noisy static\". Idolator's Carl Williot described the song as \"a haunting electronic soundscape that not only lacks the band's trademark anthemic choruses and stadium-filling guitar lines, but boasts nary a hook and has few decipherable lyrics\". Lewis Corner of Digital Spy opined that the song was \"subdued, murky,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17884967", "score": "0.78923655", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Trouble (Coldplay song)", "text": "Trouble (Coldplay song) \"Trouble\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay, for their debut album, \"Parachutes\" (2000). The band wrote the song and co-produced it with British record producer Ken Nelson. The song's arrangement is built around the acoustic piano. The song was released on 26 October 2000 as the album's third single. It reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart, making it the band's second top 10 single in the country. Although \"Trouble\" failed to chart on the United States, the music press deemed it almost as successful as its predecessor, \"Yellow\". In Iceland the song peaked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4487093", "score": "0.7884301", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall", "text": "\"Until Now\", with the artist's name listed as 'Coldplay vs. Swedish House Mafia' with the title as in the original, rather than putting on a remix credit. The song has also been remixed by Swedish DJ Avicii. Source: Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall \"Every Teardrop is a Waterfall\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. The song is the lead single from Coldplay's fifth studio album, \"Mylo Xyloto\", it was released on 3 June 2011, as a digital download except in the United Kingdom where it was released 2 days later. The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15649140", "score": "0.7879071", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

[ "Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft" ]

[ { "title": "Alicia Vikander", "text": "the adaptation of the novel \"The Light Between Oceans\" (2016), directed by Derek Cianfrance, with Michael Fassbender and Rachel Weisz. The film was released in the United States by Touchstone Pictures on 2 September 2016. Vikander portrayed Lara Croft in the action reboot film \"Tomb Raider\", which was released on 16 March 2018. Vikander previously lived in North London. In late 2014, she began a relationship with actor Michael Fassbender, in which they made their first public appearance together at the 2016 Golden Globes, where Vikander was nominated twice—for her roles in \"The Danish Girl\" (2015) and \"Ex Machina\" (2015).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15803099", "score": "1.0845095", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game)", "text": "and is accompanied by Conrad Roth, a Royal Marine turned adventurer and close friend of the Croft family who serves as mentor to Lara; Samantha \"Sam\" Nishimura, Lara's friend and a representative of the Nishimura family who films the expedition for a documentary; Joslyn Reyes, a skeptical and temperamental mechanic and single mother; Jonah Maiava, an imposing and placid fisherman who is willing to believe in the existence of the paranormal and esoteric; Angus \"Grim\" Grimaldi, the gruff Glaswegian helmsman of the \"Endurance\"; and Alex Weiss, a goofy and bespectacled electronics specialist. Lara set out on her first expedition aboard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129886", "score": "1.0805558", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "she prepares for her next adventure. Additionally, Nick Frost plays a pawn shop owner and Jaime Winstone his wife. Hannah John-Kamen and Antonio Aakeel play Lara's friends. Duncan Airlie James plays Terry, a mixed martial arts club operator. Josef Altin portrays Bruce, Lara's boss, Billy Postlethwaite and Roger Nsengiyumva appear as Bill and Rog, Lara's co-workers and opponents at the race and Michael Obiora portrays Baxter, the Croft Holdings' receptionist. GK Films first acquired the rights to make the film in 2011. Norwegian director Roar Uthaug came on board in November 2015, and Alicia Vikander was announced as the new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621837", "score": "1.0699096", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider", "text": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (also known as simply Tomb Raider) is a 2001 action-adventure film based on the \"Tomb Raider\" video game series featuring the character Lara Croft, portrayed by Angelina Jolie. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and Germany, it was directed by Simon West and revolves around Lara Croft trying to obtain ancient artifacts from the Illuminati. The film was released on June 15, 2001, and received generally negative reviews from critics for its stylized action and bland plot, although Angelina Jolie was praised for her performance. \"Tomb Raider\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "606611", "score": "1.0678575", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "to Hong Kong where she hires Lu Ren, captain of the ship \"Endurance\", to sail into the Devil's Sea and the island of Yamatai. The ship capsizes in a violent storm and Lara is washed ashore where she is knocked unconscious. She awakens only to encounter Mathias Vogel, the leader of an expedition to locate Himiko's tomb. The expedition has been funded by a shadowy organization called Trinity, which seeks to harness and weaponize Himiko's power. Vogel takes Lara prisoner, claiming that he killed her father and revealing that he intends to use Richard's research to continue his expedition. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621832", "score": "1.0661412", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider", "text": "Angelina Jolie was nominated for the Worst Actress Golden Raspberry Award for her role in the film, but she lost to Mariah Carey in \"Glitter\". \"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\" is a 2001 soundtrack album to the film. The various artists soundtrack was released June 15, 2001. The Score was later released on June 25, 2001. The movie also featured the songs \"Lila\" by Vas and \"Piano Concerto in F Minor\" performed by Hae-Wong Chang. These were not featured on the soundtrack. Also used in the movie were elements of \"Elevation (Influx Remix)\" by U2. This was uncredited. For the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "606632", "score": "1.0433582", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Camilla Luddington", "text": "Rivers, Kelly Osbourne, George Kotsiopoulos, and Kris Jenner. In June 2012, Crystal Dynamics confirmed Luddington would voice Lara Croft in the video game \"Tomb Raider\". Luddington originally went into the audition for Lara thinking she was auditioning for a project called \"Krypted\" with a character called Sara. In June 2014, it was revealed that a sequel was in production, titled \"Rise of the Tomb Raider\", and Luddington confirmed on her Twitter account that she would be returning to voice and motion capture Lara in the new game. Luddington also returned to reprise her role for \"Shadow of the Tomb Raider\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15471555", "score": "1.0428932", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "Lara Croft in April 2016. \"Deadline Hollywood\" had previously reported that Daisy Ridley was considered for the role, though she later stated in an interview that it was just a \"crazy rumor.\" Walton Goggins was announced to play the villain in December 2016, and much of the rest of the cast was revealed in early 2017. Principal photography on the film began on January 23, 2017, in Cape Town, South Africa, and ended on June 9, 2017, at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden. Wilton House near Salisbury in Wiltshire was the location for exterior shots for Croft Manor. The waterfall sequence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621838", "score": "1.0324993", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game)", "text": "CGI studio Visual Works. Keeley Hawes did not return as Lara Croft for 2013's \"Tomb Raider\", after completing \"\", \"\", \"\" and \"Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light\". She reprised the role of Lara in the downloadable game \"Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris\", which was released on 9 December 2014. In December 2010, Crystal Dynamics was said to be trialling dozens of voice actresses. On 26 June 2012, the voice actress of Lara Croft was revealed to be Camilla Luddington. Lara is played by Nadine Njeim in the Arabic dub, by Nora Tschirner in the German dub,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129902", "score": "1.0243495", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "Tomb Raider is a 2018 action-adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug, with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Alastair Siddons, from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson-Dworet. It is based on the 2013 video game of the same name, with some elements of its sequel by Crystal Dynamics, and is a reboot of the Tomb Raider film series. The film stars Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft, who embarks on a perilous journey to her father's last-known destination, hoping to solve the mystery of his disappearance. Dominic West, Walton Goggins, Daniel Wu, and Kristin Scott Thomas appear in supporting roles.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game)", "text": "by Alice David in the French dub, by Karolina Gorczyca in the Polish dub, by Yuhko Kaida in the Japanese dub, by Benedetta Ponticelli in the Italian dub, by Guiomar Alburquerque Durán in the Spanish dub and by Polina Sherbakova in the Russian dub. On 31 May 2012, a gameplay trailer was released online, showcasing more action-based gameplay along with varying plot elements. The trailer confirmed the presence of several other non-playable characters besides Lara on the island, many of which appear to be part of a menacing organization. On 4 June, at Microsoft's E3 2012 press conference, a new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129903", "score": "1.0161936", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "in returning as Lara Croft for a second film, stating that \"If there's an audience out there for it, then I would love to\". In 2015, Adrian Askarieh, producer of the \"Hitman\" films, stated that he hoped to oversee a shared universe of Square Enix films with \"Just Cause\", \"Hitman\", \"Tomb Raider\", \"Deus Ex\", and \"Thief\", but admitted that he does not have the rights to \"Tomb Raider\". Tomb Raider (film) Tomb Raider is a 2018 action-adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug, with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Alastair Siddons, from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson-Dworet. An", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621849", "score": "1.0116607", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jill de Jong", "text": "Jill de Jong Jill de Jong, also known as Jildou de Jong (born February 17, 1982) is a Dutch model and actress. Born in Hoogeveen, Drenthe. On March 21, 2002 she was selected by Eidos Interactive as the Lara Croft character model for the Tomb Raider video game series. She began her career as a model at the age of fifteen after winning a modeling contest in the Netherlands. Over the past ten years she became a respected and successful top model, shooting TV and print campaigns for big brand names such as, Ralph Lauren, Escada, Redken, Izod, St. Yves,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2011329", "score": "1.0087616", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Alison Carroll", "text": "a receptionist at a golf club, Carroll was announced as the new Lara Croft model for the latest video game featuring the heroine, \"\". Carroll replaced previous Lara model Karima McAdams, who retired from the role earlier in the year. Carroll held the position until 2010, and is the final official Lara Croft model, as the use of models has been discontinued for future \"Tomb Raider\" games. In January 2011, it was announced that Carroll was cast in the action film Amsterdam Heavy by director Michael Wright. Other cast members are Michael Madsen, Vincent van Ommen and Fajah Lourens. Alison", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12325061", "score": "1.0073164", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "Raider\", directed by the Norwegian genre specialist Roar Uthaug, is that it doesn’t tamp down Vikander’s inner flame, or the three-dimensionality of her talent; it doesn’t fold and insert her into an overly gymnastic and CGI-happy thrill ride. The movie is full of vine-swinging, bow-and-arrow-shooting, ancient-spirit-meeting action, but most of it is staged on a convincing human scale, one that’s been expertly tailored to its star’s understated directness.\" Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, and said, \"this is a beautifully crafted and unpretentious piece of action cinema, with a number of sequences that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621847", "score": "1.0033443", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "reviews from critics, with some describing the plot as \"paint-by-numbers\", and others praising the action sequences, tone, grittiness and realistic take on the franchise. Vikander's performance was highly praised but the characterization of Croft drew a polarized response; some described her as a \"capable, powerful, and unobjectified heroine\", while others called her bland, and a \"punching bag and onlooker.\" Following the disappearance of her father, Lord Richard Croft, Lara Croft makes a living as a bike courier. When she is arrested after a bike accident involving a police car, Richard's business partner Ana Miller posts her bail. After never claiming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621830", "score": "1.0015901", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rise of the Tomb Raider", "text": "reprised her role as protagonist Lara Croft. Bobby Tahouri, known for his work on \"Game of Thrones\", composed the soundtrack. Development was completed on 9 October 2015, with Crystal Dynamics confirming that the game was declared gold (indicating that it was being prepared for duplication and release). One of the game's intentions was to craft a more \"personal\" experience for players, and the team wanted to explore the journey in which Lara becomes the tomb raider. She becomes determined to uncover more myths, and convinces the world that they are real at the end of the 2013 reboot; this became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18098610", "score": "0.9975997", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rhona Mitra", "text": "Irish. She has a brother, Jason, who is two years older, and a younger brother, Guyan, who is a travel writer for Lonely Planet and \"The Sunday Times\". Mitra appeared as the live action model for Lara Croft, the lead character in Eidos Interactive's \"Tomb Raider\" video game series before Angelina Jolie took the role for the two \"Tomb Raider\" films (2001–2003). Mitra was ranked No. 46 on the \"Maxim\" Hot 100 Women of 2001. She played the romantic interest of Christopher Lambert in \"Beowulf\". Her first main role came as Scott Wolf's illicit love interest on \"Party of Five\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2627546", "score": "0.9952755", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Revisioned: Tomb Raider", "text": "Revisioned: Tomb Raider Revisioned: Tomb Raider (trademarked as Re\\Visioned: Tomb Raider) is a ten-part animated series based on the \"Tomb Raider\" series. It was distributed through the online video game service GameTap from July 10, 2007 to November 13, 2007. The series consists of various animation and comic book talent's renditions of Lara Croft, presented in the form of animated short films. The series was originally intended to conclude on August 23, 2007, but the date for the final episode was changed to November 13, 2007. Even though the styles of the episodes vary, the voice actress for Lara Croft,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10578628", "score": "0.994676", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game)", "text": "her father. The film was released on 16 March 2018. Tomb Raider (2013 video game) Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Square Enix. \"Tomb Raider\" is the tenth title in the \"Tomb Raider\" franchise, and operates as a reboot that reconstructs the origins of Lara Croft. \"Tomb Raider\" was released on 5 March 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, on 23 January 2014 for OS X, on 27 April 2016 for Linux, and on 7 March 2017 for Shield TV. Crystal Dynamics began development of \"Tomb Raider\" soon after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129933", "score": "0.99268997", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "and Kristin Scott Thomas appear in supporting roles. Principal photography took place from January to June 2017 at the Warner Bros. Studios in the United Kingdom, and in Cape Town, South Africa. The first \"Tomb Raider\" film not to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, it was released in the United Kingdom on March 14, 2018, and in the United States on March 16, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures, in RealD 3D, IMAX 3D, IMAX and 4DX. The film grossed $273 million worldwide, just below the $274 million made by Angelina Jolie's but more than its . The film received mixed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621829", "score": "0.99105537", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "by the wayside, the one thing left standing is Vikander...The film strains credulity even for a vid-game fantasy by letting the leading lady recover awfully quickly from bad injuries, but other than that Vikander commands attention and is the element here that makes \"Tomb Raider\" sort of watchable.\" Matt Bobkin of \"Exclaim!\" gave the film a 5 out of 10 score, writing \"\"Tomb Raider\" is at its best when delivering mindless action, but don't bother trying to glean any sort of deeper, subversive meaning.\" Owen Gleiberman of \"Variety\" praised the film, saying that \"The exciting surprise of the new \"Tomb", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621846", "score": "0.98092103", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game)", "text": "for Xbox One and Xbox 360, and 28 January 2016 for Microsoft Windows. The PlayStation 4 version was released on 11 October 2016, titled the 20 Year Celebration, as it was released 20 years after the original \"Tomb Raider\" game. This version includes all of the previously released DLC. The 2018 \"Tomb Raider\" reboot film adaptation, directed by Roar Uthaug, is in part based on the video game. Alicia Vikander, who portrays Lara Croft, was cast alongside actors Daniel Wu and Walton Goggins. Graham King, producer of the film, stated that the plot would focus on Lara Croft's search for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129932", "score": "0.9803184", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game)", "text": "has established its own society based on the worship of Himiko, complete with a social structure and laws, with their exact purpose and intentions being explored over the course of the story. The player takes on the role of Lara Croft, a young and ambitious archaeology graduate whose theories on the location of the lost kingdom of Yamatai have convinced the Nishimura family—descendants from the people of Yamatai themselves—to fund an expedition in search of the kingdom. The expedition is led by Dr. James Whitman, a celebrity archaeologist who has fallen on hard times and is desperate to avoid bankruptcy,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129885", "score": "0.9784364", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider", "text": "further $65 million. Showtime paid $6.8 million for premium cable television rights. In total, $94 million was put together. The deal between Eidos, \"Tomb Raider\"s publisher, and Paramount Pictures was structured so Eidos received royalties. The announcement of the film generated significant discussion about who would be cast to play Lara Croft. Numerous actresses (and non-actresses) were rumoured to be on the shortlist to play her and countless others declared their interest in the role, most notably Jennifer Love Hewitt, Famke Janssen, Jennifer Lopez, Rhona Mitra, Elizabeth Hurley, Ashley Judd, Sandra Bullock, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Diane Lane, Demi Moore and Denise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "606624", "score": "0.97796965", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (film)", "text": "adds Lara and Lu Ren to his slave force; eventually, the two of them try to escape, and Lara is the only one successful. After surviving rapids and narrowly avoiding getting thrown over a waterfall, Lara is forced to kill a Trinity guard after nightfall. She follows a mysterious figure through the jungle, and discovers that the figure is her father, who stayed on the island to prevent Trinity from finding Himiko's tomb. After Lara convinces him that she is real and not a figment of his imagination, Richard treats her injuries. Despite his protests, Lara sets off the next", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18621833", "score": "0.97668123", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider", "text": "Vikander as Lara Croft with Roar Uthaug directing. It was released March 16, 2018. \"Lara Croft: Tomb Raider\" was released on DVD and VHS on November 13, 2001; a Blu-Ray release followed on June 3, 2008. A 4K UHD Blu-Ray release followed on February 27, 2018. Lara Croft: Tomb Raider Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (also known as simply Tomb Raider) is a 2001 action-adventure film based on the \"Tomb Raider\" video game series featuring the character Lara Croft, portrayed by Angelina Jolie. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and Germany, it was directed by Simon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "606636", "score": "0.97528636", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game)", "text": "be published by Square Enix, after the latter's acquisition of Eidos Interactive in 2009. Camilla Luddington was announced to voice and perform as Lara Croft in 2010, replacing Keeley Hawes. After a delayed release from late 2012 to March 2013, \"Tomb Raider\" received much anticipation and hype. Upon release, the game received critical acclaim, with critics praising the graphics, the gameplay, Luddington's performance as Lara, and Lara's characterization and development, although the addition of a multiplayer mode was not well received and some reviewers directed criticism towards the disconnection between the narrative and the player's actions during gameplay. \"Tomb Raider\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129877", "score": "0.9743064", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life", "text": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life is a 2003 action-adventure film based on the \"Tomb Raider\" video game series. Angelina Jolie stars as the titular Lara Croft character with supporting performances from Gerard Butler, Ciarán Hinds, Chris Barrie, Noah Taylor, Til Schweiger, Djimon Hounsou and Simon Yam. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan, the film was directed by Jan de Bont and is a sequel to the 2001 film \"\". \"The Cradle of Life\" received mostly negative reviews, though critics noted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2563168", "score": "0.9732437", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider", "text": "her down some. But we did give her a bit of padding there. For me, it was simply one size. So it was like having a padded bra. But no, I am not flat chested anyway. So we still made it Lara Croft, but we didn't go to any extremes. And Lara doesn't apologize for herself, and for having that, you know, recognizable shape. So I'm not going to apologize for her either.\" The film marked the feature film debut of television actor Chris Barrie, known for his role of Arnold Rimmer in the BBC science fiction comedy series \"Red", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "606627", "score": "0.96999645", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "United Kingdom" ]

[ { "title": "Ten Green Bottles (book)", "text": "Threshold Theatre. Ten Green Bottles (book) Ten Green Bottles is a book by Vivian Jeanette Kaplan and a play based on the book. It is the true story of a Jewish family that escaped from Nazi-occupied Vienna to Shanghai under Japanese rule. The book was published in English in Canada and in the U.S. by St. Martin's Press in 2004 and has been republished in Germany (as \"Von Wien nach Shanghai\"), Italy (as \"Dieci Bottiglie Verdi\"), Hungary (as \"Sanghaji Fogsag\") and China (as \"十个绿瓶子\"). In Canada it won the Canadian Jewish Book Award and in Italy won the ADEI (Associazione", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12460927", "score": "0.99958515", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ten Green Bottles (book)", "text": "Ten Green Bottles (book) Ten Green Bottles is a book by Vivian Jeanette Kaplan and a play based on the book. It is the true story of a Jewish family that escaped from Nazi-occupied Vienna to Shanghai under Japanese rule. The book was published in English in Canada and in the U.S. by St. Martin's Press in 2004 and has been republished in Germany (as \"Von Wien nach Shanghai\"), Italy (as \"Dieci Bottiglie Verdi\"), Hungary (as \"Sanghaji Fogsag\") and China (as \"十个绿瓶子\"). In Canada it won the Canadian Jewish Book Award and in Italy won the ADEI (Associazione Donne Ebree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12460923", "score": "0.9968133", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Ten Green Bottles (book)", "text": "d'Italia) - WIZO Award. It has received generally positive critical reviews in the North American press. The title of the book comes from the song sung in Marco's Bar by British servicemen stationed in Shanghai. The book is told from the viewpoint of the author's mother and starts in 1921. Gerda Karpel (referred to always as Nini in the book) is a 5-year-old Jewish girl living in Vienna in 1921. She comes from an upper-middle-class family. The book starts with the birth of Nini's brother, Willi, and chronicles the death of Nini's father shortly after the birth. The book then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12460924", "score": "0.97492695", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ten Green Bottles (book)", "text": "greets them on arrival and to the moving of most Jews into a ghetto in the Hongkou District. During that time, they purchase ownership in a bar owned by Marco, a Bulgarian Jew; this is where Nini heard the song \"Ten Green Bottles\". The book ends with the family leaving Shanghai for Richmond Hill, Canada. The critically acclaimed world premiere of the play was performed in English in Toronto, Canada in 2009. All performances were sold out and seen by over 4,000 people. It was produced by Helena Fine of Te-Amim Theatre and written and directed by Mark Cassidy of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12460926", "score": "0.97363794", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "99 Bottles of Beer", "text": "99 Bottles of Beer \"99 Bottles of Beer\" is an anonymous folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional reverse counting song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize and can take a long time to sing. In particular, the song is often sung by children on long bus trips, such as class field trips, or on Scout and/or Girl Guide outings. The song's lyrics are as follows: 99 bottles of beer on the wall, 99 bottles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2708943", "score": "0.9624984", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Bottle", "text": "it a \"strong anti-alcohol rant with a funky bass hook and chilly flute fills.\" \"The Bottle\" was later ranked number 92 on \"NME's\" list of The Top 150 Singles of All-Time and was included in \"Q\" magazine's \"1010 Songs You Must Own!\" publication. These are the formats and track listings of the U.K. single releases of \"The Bottle\": Billboard Music Charts (North America) – \"The Bottle\" Joe Bataan covered \"The Bottle\" for his 1975 album \"Afrofilipino\", though slightly re-titled \"The Bottle (La Botella)\". The Christians covered \"The Bottle\" for their 1992 album \"Happy In Hell\". Paul Weller covered \"The Bottle\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12390352", "score": "0.8845007", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "99 Bottles of Beer", "text": "programming languages. A simple example using classical BASIC syntax: FOR Bottle = 100 TO 1 STEP -1 NEXT Bottle Another example using C#: for (int bottleNumber = 100; 1 <= bottleNumber;) 99 Bottles of Beer \"99 Bottles of Beer\" is an anonymous folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional reverse counting song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize and can take a long time to sing. In particular, the song is often sung by children", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2708948", "score": "0.88306046", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "GreenBottle", "text": "its production process is highly energy intensive and whilst 62% of glass is recycled in the UK, only 50% of this is remelted. The balance is either destined for land fill, road aggregate or fibreglass insulation manufacture. In the UK more than 1.2 billion wine bottles are used every year. Although recyclable, glass containers are constituted of varying degrees of recycled glass. Green glass is made of 76% recycled glass content, clear glass just 29%. Plastic bottles require up to 4.5 times the amount carbon to produce compared to a milk GreenBottle. Most plastic, even if it has been recycled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16857922", "score": "0.8737527", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Glass Bottle", "text": "The Glass Bottle The Glass Bottle was an American pop band fronted by Gary Criss, whose song about bitterness and heartbreak, \"I Ain't Got Time Anymore\", was recorded in 1970 and reached #36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in September 1971. The band was co-produced by Dickie Goodman. Goodman had an advertising deal with a PR firm that was trying to save the glass industry from losing soda pop clients to plastic bottles, so Goodman and partner Bill Ramal formed a group, called them \"The Glass Bottle\" and produced their album. The group produced two hits, \"I Ain't Got", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6938004", "score": "0.8701259", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ten Green Bottles", "text": "\"Ten Green Bottles\" is a song that is popular in the United Kingdom. In essence, the song is a single verse repeated, each time with one bottle fewer:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Green Coca-Cola Bottles", "text": "Green Coca-Cola Bottles Green Coca-Cola Bottles is a 1962 painting by Andy Warhol that depicts one hundred and twelve almost identical bottles Coca-Cola bottles. \"Green Coca-Cola Bottles\" took a mainstream item and converted it into a piece of art. Warhol’s piece utilized a silkscreen technique, which mechanicalized some aspects of the painting but featured individualized “unevenness” across the painting. The painting engenders an optimistic message for the American public, described in Warhol’s own words, “What’s grand about this country is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same thing as the poorest... you can know", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13089161", "score": "0.8678788", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Shades of green", "text": "bottles. The first recorded use of \"bottle green\" as a color name in English was in 1816. \"Bottle green\" is a color in Prismacolor marker and pencil sets. It is also the color of the uniform of the Police Service of Northern Ireland replacing the Royal Ulster Constabulary's \"rifle green\" colored uniforms in 2001. It also the green used in uniforms for South Sydney High School in Sydney. \"Bottle green\" is also the color most associated with guide signs and street name signs in the United States. Bottle green is also the background color of the Flag of Bangladesh, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11009880", "score": "0.8634692", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Bottle Fairy", "text": "music and melody, but different lyrics for each version. The first four versions are named after the four seasons and are sung by a different Bottle Fairy according to her season. The final version, \"Four Seasons Song\", features all four of the Bottle Fairies. All five EDs are used in the anime, the first four playing three episodes each to roughly correspond with the progression of seasons and months and the final song playing in episode 13. Each episode of the anime also features a different ED animation corresponding to the month shown in the episode. Episode 13 shows multiple", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4747810", "score": "0.8623667", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Drinking from the Bottle", "text": "Drinking from the Bottle \"Drinking from the Bottle\" is a song by British DJ and record producer Calvin Harris from his third studio album, \"18 Months\". The song features British rapper Tinie Tempah. The song was released as a single on 27 January 2013. It has peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart. A lyric video to accompany the release of \"Drinking from the Bottle\" was first released onto YouTube on 2 December 2012 at a total length of four minutes and one second. The official video was uploaded to Harris's YouTube's account on 21 December, after being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16944032", "score": "0.8613361", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Drinking from the Bottle", "text": "weary response: 'Go on then, one last time won't hurt us... right?'.\" Drinking from the Bottle \"Drinking from the Bottle\" is a song by British DJ and record producer Calvin Harris from his third studio album, \"18 Months\". The song features British rapper Tinie Tempah. The song was released as a single on 27 January 2013. It has peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart. A lyric video to accompany the release of \"Drinking from the Bottle\" was first released onto YouTube on 2 December 2012 at a total length of four minutes and one second. The official", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16944035", "score": "0.8592775", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Winter in America", "text": "and flute harmonies by Jackson. It became a popular song played at parties at the time. French music critic Pierre Jean-Critin calls it \"an epic song [...] whose infectious groove can still set dance floors alight over thirty years later.\" The song's dance and popular music sensibilities and social message engendered its appeal to listeners following its release as a single. Scott-Heron later said of the single's success and style, \"Pop music doesn't necessarily have to be shit.\" \"The Bottle\" also addresses problems of drug addiction, abortion, and incarceration, and features Scott-Heron on keyboards. Despite its grim observations, \"The Bottle\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12182824", "score": "0.85680676", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Bottle", "text": "America\" (1974). It became an underground and cult hit upon its release, and the single peaked at number 15 on the R&B Singles Chart. Described by music critics as the album's best recording, the commercial success of \"The Bottle\" helped lead to Jackson's and Scott-Heron's next recording contract with Arista Records. Similar to other compositions by Scott-Heron, the song has been sampled extensively by hip hop artists. \"The Bottle\" is a social commentary on alcohol abuse with a Caribbean beat. Scott-Heron wrote it after seeing men line up every day in front of a liquor store called the Log Cabin,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12390348", "score": "0.8539626", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Bottom of the Bottle (song)", "text": "on WorldStarHipHop October 30, 2015 and was uploaded to Currensy's official YouTube account November 2, 2015. August Alsina does not appear in the video. \"Bottom of the Bottle\" is Currensy's highest charting single of his career peaking at 97 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Bottom of the Bottle (song) \"Bottom of the Bottle\" is a song by American rapper Currensy featuring R&B singer August Alsina and rapper Lil Wayne. The song was released on August 28, 2015, by Jet Life Recordings and Atlantic Records as the first single from his eight studio album, \"Canal Street Confidential\" (2015). The song premiered on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19264286", "score": "0.8529727", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Genie in a Bottle", "text": "the mashup as possible, and as a result it became their first single as a double A-side, with another song, \"Save Yourself\", reaching #10 in the UK Singles Chart. In 2016, Dove Cameron covered \"Genie in a Bottle\" with cleaner lyrics for the Disney Channel short series \"\". It has over 143 million plays on VEVO. In 2017, after her departure from Fifth Harmony, Camila Cabello released her debut single \"Crying in the Club\", which samples \"Genie in a Bottle\". \"Genie in a Bottle\" has been widely regarded as one of Aguilera's signature songs. This song gained her mainstream success", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5668763", "score": "0.8465102", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Genie in a Bottle", "text": "song follows a chord progression of Fm – E – D, and Aguilera's vocals span from F to B. Tom Lanham of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the song a B+ rating referencing the predictability after other performers from the \"Mickey Mouse Club\" writing \"Yet another ex-Mouseketeer scampers down the Britney-pop path with a suggestive synth ditty and a husky voice well beyond her 18 years.\" Lanham wrote her vocal performance is \"uncomfortably adult\" and called the track \"a sinfully sweet confection\". A writer for the \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" gave the song a positive review calling it a \"smoldering soul-pop\" track and described", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5668745", "score": "0.8461622", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Kevin Bloody Wilson", "text": "in Perth at the time they met. She had returned to the town to visit friends and her brother who still lived there and they met when she attended one of his shows. Betty, who was in the studio audience, told Denton that Kevin was a romantic who regularly bought her flowers. \"The Genie in the Bottle\" is a country song Kevin co-wrote with Adam Harvey that spent more than 6 weeks on the Australian Country Singles chart as well as reaching the number one video spot on the Country Music Television Channel in 2008. His songs generally consist of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2707716", "score": "0.84609306", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Green bottle fly", "text": "Green bottle fly The name green bottle fly or greenbottle fly is applied to numerous species of Calliphoridae or blow fly, in the genera \"Lucilia\" and \"Phaenicia\" (the latter is sometimes considered a subgenus of the former). These flies are found in most areas of the world, primarily the Western Hemisphere and especially California and Australia, and the most well-known species is the common greenbottle, \"Lucilia sericata\" (or \"Phaenicia sericata\", depending on authority), though there are other common species such as \"Lucilia caesar\", \"Lucilia cuprina\", \"Lucilia coeruleiviridis\", and \"Lucilia illustris\". The maggots of this fly are known to preferentially consume", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11462858", "score": "0.84353936", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Bottles", "text": "The Bottles The Bottles were a power pop duo from Los Angeles, California, consisting of Peter Bayless and Jefery Levy. They released one, self-titled album in September 1979 on MCA Records. The album was produced by Levy and was preceded by the single \"I Don't Wanna Be Your Man\". The Bottles began when Jon Sheinberg, the son of Sidney Sheinberg, was managing Levy and giving him advice. Sheinberg told Levy about MCA's then-vice president of artists and repertoire, Denny Rosencrantz, and Levy contacted him and made a deal as his own producer. As a result of the deal, Levy recorded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20272558", "score": "0.84310555", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "99 Bottles of Beer", "text": "wall, no more bottles of beer. We've taken them down and passed them around; now we're drunk and passed out! Another alternate line reads: If that one bottle should happen to fall, what a waste of alcohol! The boring and time-consuming nature of the \"99 Bottles of Beer\" song means that probably only a minority of renditions are done to the final verse. The American comedian Andy Kaufman exploited this fact in the routine early in his career when he would actually sing all 100 verses. Atticus, a band from Knoxville, Tennessee recorded a thirteen and a half minute live", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2708945", "score": "0.843102", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Genie in a Bottle", "text": "Genie in a Bottle \"Genie in a Bottle\" is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera from her self-titled debut album released in 1999. It was written by Pam Sheyne, Steve Kipner and David Frank, and produced by Kipner and Frank. The song was released on June 22, 1999, by RCA Records as the album's lead single. \"Genie in a Bottle\" uses sexual references to talk about the theme of self-respect. \"Genie in a Bottle\" received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics, most of whom praised the song's lyrics and Aguilera's vocals on the track. The single achieved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5668731", "score": "0.84162116", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Bottle It Up", "text": "Bottle It Up \"Bottle It Up\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Sara Bareilles. Written by Bareilles and produced by Eric Rosse, it was released as the second single from her 2007 album \"Little Voice\" on March 10, 2008. Following its release, it reached became a top twenty hit on the \"Billboard\" Adult Alternative Songs and Adult Top 40 charts, peaking at numbers 16 and 15 respectively, while also reaching the top forty in the Netherlands. On August 20, 2013, the song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of over 500,000 copies.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11774116", "score": "0.8415977", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Bottom of the Bottle (song)", "text": "Bottom of the Bottle (song) \"Bottom of the Bottle\" is a song by American rapper Currensy featuring R&B singer August Alsina and rapper Lil Wayne. The song was released on August 28, 2015, by Jet Life Recordings and Atlantic Records as the first single from his eight studio album, \"Canal Street Confidential\" (2015). The song premiered on August 27, 2015, and the next day was released for digital download as a single on iTunes. The album, \"Canal Street Confidential\", was released on December 4, 2015. While talking about \"Bottom of the Bottle\" in an interview with \"Billboard\" magazine, Curren$y said;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19264284", "score": "0.83828413", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "GreenBottle", "text": "paper bottle with a thin plastic lining. GreenBottle was initially produced as a milk bottle exclusive to national British retailer Asda. Following the successful launch of the GreenBottle milk container, the company unveiled its designs for a paper wine bottle. The launch was met with international enthusiasm, gaining press coverage, and eventually sales, from around the world. GreenBottle is a commercially viable, environmentally green alternative to plastic, glass and laminated cartons. The bottles are made by moulding the pulp of wood fibre which is then pressed into shape. The plastic liner is automatically vacuum formed and inserted into one half", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16857920", "score": "0.8360498", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "GreenBottle", "text": "shell, another half shell is placed on top and the two are then sealed together. The bottles are designed to easily integrate with existing filling lines. The bottles can be printed, labelled and/or embossed. Packaging is the largest contributor to a product's carbon footprint - accounting for between 30-70% of the total emissions. GreenBottle has an estimated 10% of the carbon footprint of glass and weighs just one sixth of an average wine glass bottle, making it much more fuel efficient to transport both in bulk and for consumers. Glass is often regarded as a green form of packaging but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16857921", "score": "0.8359774", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "She Stayed as Steam", "text": "limited edition \"Coke bottle green\"12\" viny (limited to 750 copies), along with a digital download. Two live tracks from a session on FM 4 serve as vinyl exclusive tracks. A variety of options to purchase the EP are available through Favorite Gentlemen's website. Digital downloads are available through two options: \"standard digital\" downloads as 320 kbit/s mp3s or \"Audiophile Digital\" downloads, with a choice to download the EP as FLAC, Apple Lossless or WAV files. The Audiophile option also includes the mp3s from the standard option. The vinyl also comes with these options, including the two vinyl exclusive live tracks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14706513", "score": "0.8304487", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "believed to be the Myllokunmingia", "the Myllokunmingia", "Myllokunmingia" ]

[ { "title": "Vertebrate paleontology", "text": "Ma (megaannum, million years ago). The Devonian Period (395 to 345 Ma) brought in the changes that allowed primitive air-breathing fish to remain on land as long as they wished, thus becoming the first terrestrial vertebrates, the amphibians. Amphibians developed forms of reproduction and locomotion and a metabolism better suited for life exclusively on land, becoming more reptilian. Full-fledged reptiles appeared in the Carboniferous Period (345 to 280 Ma). The reptilian changes and adaptations to diet and geography are chronicled in the fossil record of the varying forms of therapsida. True mammals showed up in the Triassic Period (225 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1915676", "score": "1.0339574", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Evolution of mammals", "text": "their choice was based on the fact that \"the lower jaw is the most likely skeletal element of a Mesozoic mammal to be preserved.\" Today, most paleontologists consider that animals are mammals if they satisfy this criterion. The first fully terrestrial vertebrates were amniotes — their eggs had internal membranes that allowed the developing embryo to breathe but kept water in. This allowed amniotes to lay eggs on dry land, while amphibians generally need to lay their eggs in water (a few amphibians, such as the common Suriname toad, have evolved other ways of getting around this limitation). The first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10079489", "score": "1.0294926", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Vertebrate paleontology", "text": "Vertebrate paleontology Vertebrate paleontology is the subfield of paleontology that seeks to discover, through the study of fossilized remains, the behavior, reproduction and appearance of extinct animals with vertebrae or a notochord. It also tries to connect, by using the evolutionary timeline, the animals of the past and their modern-day relatives. The fossil record shows aspects of the meandering evolutionary path from early aquatic vertebrates to mammals, with a host of transitional fossils, though there are still large blank areas. The earliest known fossil vertebrates were heavily armored fish discovered in rocks from the Ordovician Period about 500 to 430", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1915675", "score": "1.0132864", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Casineria", "text": "\"Casineria\", vertebrates were primarily aquatic, only spending part of their time on land. \"Casineria\" and its relatives were the first vertebrates to live and reproduce on land. In 1992, an amateur fossil collector spotted the remnants of this four-legged creature on the shore of Cheese Bay, Scotland. For the next five years, the fossil languished at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh while researchers focused on other projects. Consisting of a slab and counterslab (compression fossil) of a single partial skeleton, the fossil was cataloged with the specimen designation NMS G.1993.54.1. Around 1997, work began to expose the remainder", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7740117", "score": "0.9954145", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Brain", "text": "work: The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence. All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "44903", "score": "0.9766787", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Julia Clarke", "text": "Vega Island in the Antarctic in 1992, Vegavis iaai which was an early relative of ducks and geese in 2005. It is thought to be the only species of modern bird to have lived at the time of the dinosaurs. She studied the voice organ (syrinx) of a fossil originally found in 1992. The findings by her and other researchers was published in the science journal Nature. Fossils of the ancient bird Inkayacu were first discovered in 2008 on the Pacific coast of Ica, Peru. A nearly complete skeleton was uncovered in the Paracas National Reserve by a team led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20832904", "score": "0.9732864", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Vertebrate paleontology", "text": "beginning the serious study into the lives of extinct animals. With the publication of the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin in 1849, the field got a theoretical framework. Much of the subsequent work has been to map the relationship between fossil and extant organisms, as well as their history through time. In modern times, Alfred Romer (1894–1973) wrote what has been termed the definitive textbook on the subject, called \"Vertebrate Paleontology\". It shows the progression of evolution in fossil fish, and amphibians and reptiles through comparative anatomy, including a list of all the (then) known fossil vertebrate genera. Romer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1915679", "score": "0.972065", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Vertebrate paleontology", "text": "190 Ma) around the same time as the dinosaurs, which also sprouted from the reptilian line. Birds first diverged from dinosaurs between 100 Ma and 60 Ma. One of the people who helped figure out the vertebrate progression was French zoologist Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), who realized that fossils found in older rock strata differed greatly from more recent fossils or modern animals. He published his findings in 1812 and, although he steadfastly refuted evolution, his work proved the (at the time) contested theory of extinction of species. Thomas Jefferson is credited with initiating the science of vertebrate paleontology in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1915677", "score": "0.9713845", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles", "text": "in. This allowed amniotes to lay eggs on dry land, while amphibians generally need to lay their eggs in water. The first amniotes apparently arose in the late Carboniferous from the ancestral reptiliomorphs (a group of amphibians whose only living descendants are amniotes). Within a few million years two important amniote lineages became distinct: mammals' synapsid ancestors and the sauropsids, from which lizards, snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs and birds are descended. The earliest known fossils of all these groups date from about 320 to 315M years ago. It is difficult to be sure about when each of them evolved, since vertebrate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912548", "score": "0.95131904", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Vertebrate", "text": "Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which saw the rise in organism diversity. The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be the Myllokunmingia. Another early vertebrate is Haikouichthys ercaicunensis. Unlike the other fauna that dominated the Cambrian, these groups had the basic vertebrate body plan: a notochord, rudimentary vertebrae, and a well-defined head and tail. All of these early vertebrates lacked jaws in the common sense and relied on filter feeding close to the seabed. A vertebrate group of uncertain phylogeny, small-eel-like conodonts, are known from microfossils of their paired tooth segments from the late", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Paleozoology", "text": "classify species adhering to a rod-shaped, flexible body type called a notochord. They differ from other phyla in that other phyla may have cartilage or cartilage-like tissues forming a sort of skeleton, but only vertebrates possess what we define as bone. Classes of vertebrates listed in chronological order from oldest to most recent include heterostracans, osteostracans, coelolepid agnathans, acanthodians, osteichthyan fishes, chondrichthyan fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. All vertebrates are studied under standard evolutionary generalizations of behavior and life process, although there is controversy over whether population can be accurately estimated from limited fossil resources. Evolutionary origins of vertebrates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3105507", "score": "0.948804", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "John A. Long", "text": "Devonian fishes showing embryos inside them. This later discovery, published in the journal \"Nature\" (May 2008) was the first time that reproduction by internal fertilisation was demonstrated in the extinct Class Placodermi, and the oldest evidence for vertebrate viviparity yet discovered. One of the specimens, named \"Materpiscis\", was also the only known fossil to show a mineralised umbilical structure linked to the unborn embryo. Nature magazine made a short documentary video about this discovery. Other Gogo fish fossils have been found showing remarkable preservation of 3-D muscle tissues, nerve cells and microcapillaries, making this one of the world's most extraordinary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12183811", "score": "0.94786906", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Life", "text": "of vertebrates and invertebrates respectively, and divided the blooded animals into five groups: viviparous quadrupeds (mammals), oviparous quadrupeds (reptiles and amphibians), birds, fishes and whales. The bloodless animals were also divided into five groups: cephalopods, crustaceans, insects (which included the spiders, scorpions, and centipedes, in addition to what we define as insects today), shelled animals (such as most molluscs and echinoderms), and \"zoophytes\" (animals that resemble plants). Though Aristotle's work in zoology was not without errors, it was the grandest biological synthesis of the time and remained the ultimate authority for many centuries after his death. The exploration of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "243951", "score": "0.9455799", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Vertebrate Paleontology (Romer)", "text": "Vertebrate Paleontology (Romer) Vertebrate Paleontology is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Alfred Sherwood Romer, published by the University of Chicago Press. It went through three editions (1933, 1945, 1966) and for many years constituted a very authoritative work and the definitive coverage of the subject. A condensed version centering on comparative anatomy, coauthored by T.S. Parson came in 1977, remaining in print until 1985. The 1987 book \"Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution\" by Robert L. Carroll is largely based on Romer's book. The book provides a very detailed and comprehensive technical account of every main group of living and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7798896", "score": "0.94458944", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution", "text": "Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Robert L. Carroll, published in 1988 by WH Freeman. It provides a very detailed technical account of various groups of living and fossil vertebrates. The book, which is written in the style of Alfred Sherwood Romer's \"Vertebrate Paleontology\", presented more recent overall coverage of the subject. At the rear of the book is a 53-page Classification list which lists every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range. \"Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution\" appeared in print in 1988, just before", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7798787", "score": "0.9427086", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of Earth", "text": "the terrestrial plants. There is also unconfirmed evidence that arthropods may have appeared on land as early as 530 Ma. At the end of the Ordovician period, 443 Ma, additional extinction events occurred, perhaps due to a concurrent ice age. Around 380 to 375 Ma, the first tetrapods evolved from fish. Fins evolved to become limbs that the first tetrapods used to lift their heads out of the water to breathe air. This would let them live in oxygen-poor water, or pursue small prey in shallow water. They may have later ventured on land for brief periods. Eventually, some of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5345825", "score": "0.9397019", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Evolution of mammals", "text": "amniotes apparently arose in the middle Carboniferous from the ancestral reptiliomorphs. Within a few million years, two important amniote lineages became distinct: mammals' synapsid ancestors and the sauropsids, from which lizards, snakes, turtles/tortoises, crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds are descended. The earliest known fossils of synapsids and sauropsids (such as \"Archaeothyris\" and \"Hylonomus\", respectively) date from about 320 to 315 million years ago. The times of origin are difficult to know, because vertebrate fossils from the late Carboniferous are very rare, and therefore the actual first occurrences of each of these types of animal might have been considerably earlier than the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10079490", "score": "0.93859506", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Aristotle's biology", "text": "\"Enhaima\" (the modern zoologist's vertebrates) and animals without blood, \"Anhaima\" (invertebrates). Animals with blood included live-bearing tetrapods, \"Zōiotoka tetrapoda\" (roughly, the mammals), being warm, having four legs, and giving birth to their young. The cetaceans, \"Kētōdē\", also had blood and gave birth to live young, but did not have legs, and therefore formed a separate group (\"megista genē\", defined by a set of functioning \"parts\"). The birds, \"Ornithes\" had blood and laid eggs, but had only 2 legs and were a distinct form (\"eidos\") with feathers and beaks instead of teeth, so they too formed a distinct group, of over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19183266", "score": "0.9376996", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Vertebrate Paleontology (Romer)", "text": "fossil vertebrates, though the mammal-like reptiles are covered in particular, these being Romer's main interest. At the rear of the book is a classification list which includes every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range. Vertebrate Paleontology (Romer) Vertebrate Paleontology is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Alfred Sherwood Romer, published by the University of Chicago Press. It went through three editions (1933, 1945, 1966) and for many years constituted a very authoritative work and the definitive coverage of the subject. A condensed version centering on comparative anatomy, coauthored by T.S. Parson came", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7798897", "score": "0.9363566", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jamoytius", "text": "that clade. It is also the earliest known vertebrate with camera-type eyes. It also possessed weakly mineralised scales. \"Jamoytius\" was originally named by Errol White on the basis of two specimens (the generic name is a reference to J. A. Moy-Thomas) and, at the time, it was considered to be the most basal vertebrate known. Since then, it has been reclassified by many workers as having many different affinities, such as an \"unspecialized anaspid\", or as a sister taxon to the lampreys, its difficulty in classification due to difficulties in reconstructing the anatomy; it does not possess any usual chordate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7912668", "score": "0.9348333", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bunostegos", "text": "upright on four limbs, with the body held above ground. This new information directly suggests that it could be the first tetrapod with a fully erect gait. The animal has been described as about the size of a modern cow with a knobbly skull and bony plate armor on its back.\" Its teeth show it to have been a plant eater. It lived in an isolated desert region of the supercontinent of Pangaea some 260 million years ago. Its home region appears to have supported a distinctive fauna, in contrast to the rest of the supercontinent, where species were broadly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17387177", "score": "0.9332915", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Fedexia", "text": "earliest examples of vertebrate life in North America that lived mostly on land, although they likely returned to the water to mate and lay eggs. \"Fedexia\" is one of the oldest known vertebrates to have been primarily terrestrial rather than aquatic. Even older are the trematopids \"Actiobates\" and \"Anconastes\", which are Missourian (Kasimovian) and early Virgilian in age, respectively. The shift toward a terrestrial lifestyle may have been a response to the warmer and drier global climate that existed during the late Carboniferous. During this time, glaciation caused the climate to rapidly fluctuate and sea levels to drop. This resulted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14384517", "score": "0.93166554", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Animal", "text": "sense touch, and would contract if about to be pulled off their rocks, but that they were rooted like plants and never moved about. In 1758, Carl Linnaeus created the first hierarchical classification in his \"Systema Naturae\". In his original scheme, the animals were one of three kingdoms, divided into the classes of Vermes, Insecta, Pisces, Amphibia, Aves, and Mammalia. Since then the last four have all been subsumed into a single phylum, the Chordata, while his Insecta (which included the crustaceans and arachnids) and Vermes have been renamed or broken up. The process was begun in 1793 by Jean-Baptiste", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10172478", "score": "0.9306277", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Triassic", "text": "vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosaurs, called dinosaurs, first appeared in the Late Triassic but did not become dominant until the succeeding Jurassic Period. The first true mammals, themselves a specialized subgroup of therapsids, also evolved during this period, as well as the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, who, like the dinosaurs, were a specialized subgroup of archosaurs. The vast supercontinent of Pangaea existed until the mid-Triassic, after which it began to gradually rift into two separate landmasses, Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south. The global climate during the Triassic was mostly hot and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404671", "score": "0.92909586", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of Earth", "text": "to have found a place in modern classification. During the Cambrian, the first vertebrate animals, among them the first fishes, had appeared. A creature that could have been the ancestor of the fishes, or was probably closely related to it, was \"Pikaia\". It had a primitive notochord, a structure that could have developed into a vertebral column later. The first fishes with jaws (Gnathostomata) appeared during the next geological period, the Ordovician. The colonisation of new niches resulted in massive body sizes. In this way, fishes with increasing sizes evolved during the early Paleozoic, such as the titanic placoderm \"Dunkleosteus\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5345821", "score": "0.92867464", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Reptile", "text": "classes of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. The British anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley made Latreille's definition popular and, together with Richard Owen, expanded Reptilia to include the various fossil \"antediluvian monsters\", including dinosaurs and the mammal-like (synapsid) \"Dicynodon\" he helped describe. This was not the only possible classification scheme: In the Hunterian lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1863, Huxley grouped the vertebrates into mammals, sauroids, and ichthyoids (the latter containing the fishes and amphibians). He subsequently proposed the names of Sauropsida and Ichthyopsida for the latter two groups. In 1866, Haeckel demonstrated that vertebrates could be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "342000", "score": "0.9278883", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Embryo fossil", "text": "from one environment to another. For instance scientists in 1988 discovered a special 370 million year-old fossil which is a transitional form from sea to land animals animals (tetrapods). Transitional forms from one species to another exist, such as one reptile group (Cynodonts) which appeared 260 million years ago as reptiles but quickly changed in time to mammaliforms some 245 million years ago. Evolution and the transition process are very clear in the bone structure of the ear, so all fossils that are recorded up to today provide us with sufficient clarity to understand more about evolutionary history. In general,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12162754", "score": "0.92771566", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Hadrosaurus", "text": "sedimentary rocks where the \"Hadrosaurus\" fossil was found have been dated at some time between 80.5 and 78.5 million years ago. In 1868 the only known specimen became the first ever mounted dinosaur skeleton and since 1991 the species \"H. foulkii\" has become the official state dinosaur of New Jersey. In 1838, John Estaugh Hopkins was digging in a marl pit (on a small tributary of the Cooper River in Haddonfield, New Jersey, and part of the Campanian-age Woodbury Formation) when he uncovered large bones, putting them on display at his home, also in Haddonfield. In 1858, these bones sparked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3070344", "score": "0.92577946", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Paleozoic", "text": "of plant life in the late Carboniferous and Permian. A noteworthy feature of Paleozoic life is the sudden appearance of nearly all of the invertebrate animal phyla in great abundance at the beginning of the Cambrian. The first vertebrates appeared in the form of primitive fish, which greatly diversified in the Silurian and Devonian Periods. The first animals to venture onto dry land were the arthropods. Some fish had lungs, and powerful bony fins that in the late Devonian, 367.5 million years ago, allowed them to crawl onto land. The bones in their fins eventually evolved into legs and they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "313050", "score": "0.92520326", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Tiktaalik", "text": "Those fins and a suite of other characteristics set Tiktaalik apart as something special; it has a combination of features that show the evolutionary transition between swimming fish and their descendants, the four-legged vertebrates - a clade which includes amphibians, dinosaurs, birds, mammals and humans. It and similar animals may possibly be the common ancestors of the broad swath of all vertebrate terrestrial fauna: amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The first well-preserved \"Tiktaalik\" fossils were found in 2004 on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada. \"Tiktaalik\" provides insights on the features of the extinct closest relatives of the tetrapods. Unlike many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7520275", "score": "0.9218246", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]