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MemGPT 102

[ "Liam Cunningham" ]

[ { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 2)", "text": "stars as Ser Davos Seaworth, the \"Onion Knight\", a bannerman of Stannis and a former smuggler. Cunningham had already been in talks for a role in the first season. As he is left-handed, his Davos has the fingers of the right hand shortened, unlike in the novels where his left hand is crippled. In an interview, Cunningham said that a lot of new dialogue had to be written for his character, because in the novels Davos, a point-of-view character, is portrayed more through his thoughts than through his actions. These three characters headed a new storyline set on a different", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16263720", "score": "1.0269091", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 1)", "text": "by Jennifer Ehle. On August 20, more casting announcements were made, including Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Jaime Lannister and Tamzin Merchant as Daenerys Targaryen, as well as Richard Madden in the role of Robb Stark, Iain Glen as Ser Jorah Mormont, Alfie Allen as Theon Greyjoy, Sophie Turner as Sansa Stark and Maisie Williams as Arya Stark. On September 1 Lena Headey was announced as Cersei Lannister. On September 23, Martin confirmed that Rory McCann had been cast as Sandor Clegane. Isaac Hempstead-Wright was confirmed as Bran Stark on October 14, followed by an announcement of Jason Momoa as Khal Drogo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15562739", "score": "1.0112514", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jorah Mormont", "text": "tells Tyrion that they need to convince the company to defect again. Jorah Mormont is portrayed by Scottish actor Iain Glen in the television adaption of the series of books. Ser Jorah Mormont is an exiled knight in the service of Daenerys Targaryen and the son of Jeor Mormont of the Night's Watch. To fund his wife's extravagant lifestyle, he sold poachers on his land to slave traders, which is illegal in the Seven Kingdoms. Rather than face punishment by Lord Stark, he fled to Essos and learned the lifestyle of the Dothraki who embrace him as one of their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4597014", "score": "1.0014622", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Daenerys Targaryen", "text": "Drama Supporting Actress in 2013 and 2014, and the MTV Movie & TV Award for Best Actor In A Show in 2017. IGN also nominated Clarke for Best TV Actress in 2011. Daenerys Targaryen Daenerys Targaryen is a fictional character in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels, as well as the television adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", where she is portrayed by English actress Emilia Clarke. In the novels, she is a prominent point of view character. She is one of the most popular characters in the series, and \"The New York Times\" cites", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17738072", "score": "0.9961562", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Gethin Anthony", "text": "Gethin Anthony Gethin David L. Anthony (born 9 October 1983) is an English television and film actor best known for his role as Renly Baratheon in \"Game of Thrones.\" Gethin attended Ashton Hayes Primary School, Ashton Hayes, Cheshire and Christ Church Primary School, New Malden, Surrey. He attended the Tiffin School in Kingston-Upon-Thames. He received a Scholarship to the British American Drama Academy in London from July to August 2004. Anthony studied English Literature at Oxford University's Balliol College and was President of the Oxford University Dramatic Society, before training at London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16416151", "score": "0.9853368", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "(played by animal actor Quigly). However, some of the special effects were created at Montreal's Rodeo FX studios which has won Emmy Awards previously for its work on the series. The sixth season saw the return of Isaac Hempstead Wright as Bran Stark, Kristian Nairn as Hodor, Ellie Kendrick as Meera Reed, Gemma Whelan as Yara Greyjoy, and Rory McCann as Sandor \"The Hound\" Clegane, who did not appear in the fifth season. Clive Russell, Tobias Menzies, Patrick Malahide, Richard Dormer and Paul Kaye also returned to the show as Brynden Tully, Edmure Tully, Balon Greyjoy, Beric Dondarrion and Thoros", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135466", "score": "0.98473835", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 2)", "text": "Night's Watch. Robert Pugh as the Wildling Craster, father and husband to Gilly. Kerr Logan as Davos Seaworth's pious son Matthos. Karl Davies as Ser Alton Lannister, a character created for the series who replaces Cleos Frey as envoy from the Starks to the Lannisters. Daniel Portman took the role of Podrick Payne, the squire to Tyrion Lannister. The 19-year-old Portman plays Podrick as about 16 years old, instead of about 12 as in the novels. To be able to portray Podrick as awkward, shy and weak, Portman, previously a sportsman, stopped his fitness regimen and gained some weight to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16263727", "score": "0.9813381", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones", "text": "of the last king of the original ruling dynasty, who was overthrown by Robert Baratheon – are running for their lives and trying to win back the throne. Daenerys becomes married to Khal Drogo (Jason Momoa), the leader of the nomadic Dothraki. Her retinue includes the exiled knight Ser Jorah Mormont (Iain Glen), her aide Missandei (Nathalie Emmanuel) and the sellsword Daario Naharis (Michiel Huisman). In January 2006, David Benioff had a phone conversation with George R. R. Martin's literary agent about the books he represented, and became interested in \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" as he had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12800950", "score": "0.97810566", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jaime Lannister", "text": "and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2018. Jaime Lannister Jaime Lannister is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\". He becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning in \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000). Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Jaime is a knight of the Kingsguard and a member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4324690", "score": "0.9728967", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Liam Cunningham", "text": "Liam Cunningham (born 2 June 1961) is an Irish stage and screen actor. He is known for playing Davos Seaworth in the HBO epic-fantasy series Game of Thrones. He has been nominated for the London Film Critics' Circle Award, the British Independent Film Award, has won two Irish Film & Television Awards, and shared a BAFTA with Michael Fassbender, for their crime-drama short film Pitch Black Heist.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Daenerys Targaryen", "text": "Drama Series for her performance as Daenerys in the HBO series in 2013, 2015, and 2016. She has also earned many other nominations and accolades for her portrayal. Daenerys Targaryen is the daughter of King Aerys II Targaryen (also referred to as \"The Mad King\") and his sister-wife Queen Rhaella, and is one of the last survivors of House Targaryen. She serves as the third-person narrator of thirty-one chapters throughout \"A Game of Thrones\", \"A Clash of Kings\", \"A Storm of Swords\", and \"A Dance with Dragons\". She is the only monarch or claimant to a throne given point of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17738036", "score": "0.97039664", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Isaac Hempstead Wright", "text": "and studied acting at the Kent Youth Theatre in Canterbury. He made his film debut in \"The Awakening\", but his big break came when he played Bran Stark in the hit television series \"Game of Thrones\". He was part of the initial starring cast and remained a member of the starring cast for the second, third, and fourth seasons, which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations as Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in Drama Series at the 18th and 20th Screen Actors Guild Awards. He did not appear in Season 5, but returned as part of the main", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15540578", "score": "0.96946645", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jon Snow (character)", "text": "the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2016. IGN also nominated Jon Snow as its Best TV Hero in 2011. Jon Snow (character) Jon Snow is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\", in which he is portrayed by English actor Kit Harington. He is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of the author's \"finest creations\" and most popular characters by \"The New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3735802", "score": "0.96461535", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Finn Jones", "text": "Adventures\" in the story \"Death of the Doctor\" alongside Katy Manning as former \"Doctor Who\" companion Jo Grant and Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor. On 19 June 2010 it was announced that Jones would be appearing in \"Game of Thrones\", the HBO adaptation of George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novel series, as Ser Loras Tyrell. He also had a small role in the 2012 horror film \"\". In 2014, he starred in two films, \"Sleeping Beauty\" and \"The Last Showing\". It was reported in February 2016, that Jones was cast as Danny Rand for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14210728", "score": "0.96440184", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Daenerys Targaryen", "text": "Daenerys Targaryen Daenerys Targaryen is a fictional character in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels, as well as the television adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", where she is portrayed by English actress Emilia Clarke. In the novels, she is a prominent point of view character. She is one of the most popular characters in the series, and \"The New York Times\" cites her as one of the author's finest creations. Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Daenerys is one of the last two surviving members (along with her older brother, Viserys) of House", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17738032", "score": "0.96196914", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "John Stahl", "text": "of Thrones\", appearing in the second and third seasons. His other roles include Inspector Reed in the 1995 television series \"Resort to Murder\", and as Ewan in the 2011 Royal National Theatre production \"Frankenstein\". John Stahl John Stahl (born 1953) is a Scottish actor best known for playing Rickard Karstark in HBO's \"Game of Thrones\" and Tom 'Inverdarroch' Kerr in \"High Road\". Stahl was born in 1953 in Scotland and grew up in Sauchie, Clackmannanshire. He currently lives on the Isle of Lewis and is a supporter of Scottish independence. Stahl first started acting in 1976. He found fame for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20981242", "score": "0.9594875", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Jaime Lannister", "text": "Kingslayer remains one of \"Game of Thrones\" most popular characters\". Matthew Gilbert of \"The Boston Globe\" wrote: Coster-Waldau has received several nominations for his portrayal of Jaime, including the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2013, the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film in 2013, the Gold Derby TV Award for Best Drama Supporting Actor in 2013, the People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Anti-Hero in 2014, the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television in 2014, the Zulu Award for Best Actor in 2017,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4324689", "score": "0.95933986", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Arya Stark", "text": "a gift from her half-brother, Jon Snow, and is trained in the Braavosi style of sword fighting by Syrio Forel. Arya is portrayed by English actress Maisie Williams in HBO's Emmy-winning television adaptation of the novel series, \"Game of Thrones\". Her performance has garnered critical acclaim, particularly in the second season for her work opposite veteran actor Charles Dance (Tywin Lannister) when she served as his cupbearer. She is among the most popular characters in either version of the story. Williams was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the role in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17737971", "score": "0.95616", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jon Snow (character)", "text": "in a Drama Series for the role in 2016. He said, \"It is a serious understatement to say that I am somewhat stunned ... For my work on \"Game of Thrones\" to be recognized in this way is an emotional moment for me. I could not be more humbled.\" Harington was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for the role in 2012, 2016, and 2017. His other nominations include the Golden Nymph Award for Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series in 2012, the Young Hollywood Award for Actor of the Year in 2013, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3735801", "score": "0.9540577", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Kristofer Hivju", "text": "Kristofer Hivju Kristofer Hivju (born December 7, 1978) is a Norwegian actor, producer, and writer. He is best known for playing the roles of Tormund Giantsbane in the HBO fantasy series \"Game of Thrones\" and Connor Rhodes in \"The Fate of the Furious\". Hivju was born in Oslo, Norway. In 2004, he graduated from the Danish subdivision of the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) in Aarhus. In 2015, Wyndham Hotel Group signed Hivju to serve as \"Wyndham Rewards Wyzard\" for its launch of a new loyalty program. The loyalty campaign was conceived and produced in partnership with People Ideas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16344640", "score": "0.95386064", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 2)", "text": "appear more endearing. Lucian Msamati played Salladhor Saan, a Lysene pirate and friend of Davos Seaworth. Finally, Edward Dogliani appeared briefly as the \"Lord of Bones\" (or \"Rattleshirt\" in the novels), a Wildling leader and Oliver Ford Davies as Stannis's maester Cressen. All of the recurring characters from the first season returned, with one notable exception: Conan Stevens, whose role of Gregor Clegane was recast with Ian Whyte, did not return. Roy Dotrice, a friend of George R. R. Martin, known for reading the audio versions of the novels and having previously rejected a role due to health reasons, appears", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16263728", "score": "0.9526339", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 4)", "text": "Thenn which is now a title – of the Thenn people, a wildling clan. Two mysterious characters from Bran's storyline have also been cast: the Three-Eyed Crow, who is played by Struan Rodger, and a Child of the Forest, played by Octavia Alexandru. Roles that were recast for season 4 include Michiel Huisman as Daario Naharis. Huisman replaces Ed Skrein, who portrayed the character in season 3. Dean-Charles Chapman plays the role of Tommen Baratheon, King Joffrey's younger brother. Tommen was played by Callum Wharry in seasons 1 and 2. Chapman appeared as Martyn Lannister in two episodes of season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17142226", "score": "0.95140254", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "text": "played by Samantha Spiro and Talla Tarly, who was portrayed by Rebecca Benson. Veteran actor Max von Sydow was cast to play the Three-Eyed-Raven, who is training Bran. The character was previously played by Struan Rodger in the fourth-season finale \"The Children\". David Bradley confirmed in August 2015, that he would be returning to the show as Walder Frey after last appearing in the third-season finale \"Mhysa\", but he did not confirm when he would be returning. After the second official trailer was released, it was confirmed that Bradley would appear in the sixth season. Danish actor Pilou Asbæk joins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18135468", "score": "0.95118845", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Owen Teale", "text": "Owen Teale Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series \"Game of Thrones\". Trained at the Guildford School of Acting, Teale made his television debut in \"The Mimosa Boys\" in 1984. in 1985, he appeared in the \"Doctor Who\" serial \"Vengeance on Varos\" as \"Maldak\". His film debut was in \"War Requiem\" in 1989. He later appeared in \"Knights of God\" (1989), \"Great Expectations\" (1989), and \"Boon\" (1990) before being cast as Will Scarlet in the 1991 film \"Robin Hood\". He went on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9181050", "score": "0.947873", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 1)", "text": "marriage. On May 5, 2009, it was announced that Peter Dinklage had been signed on to star as Tyrion Lannister in the pilot, and that Tom McCarthy was set to direct. On July 19, 2009, a number of further casting decisions were announced, including Sean Bean being given the role of Ned Stark. Other actors signed on for the pilot were Kit Harington in the role of Jon Snow, Jack Gleeson as Joffrey Baratheon, Harry Lloyd as Viserys Targaryen, and Mark Addy as Robert Baratheon. At the beginning of August 2009, it was revealed that Catelyn Stark would be portrayed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15562738", "score": "0.9465442", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Emilia Clarke", "text": "was cast as Daenerys Targaryen in the HBO fantasy series \"Game of Thrones\", based on the book series \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" by George R. R. Martin. She was cast after fellow British actress Tamzin Merchant was replaced for undisclosed reasons. In an interview, Clarke stated that she did the funky chicken and robot dance during her audition. The show debuted in April 2011 to positive reviews and was quickly picked up by the network for a second season. Clarke won the 2011 EWwy Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama for her role as Daenerys. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15179486", "score": "0.9460302", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Jorah Mormont", "text": "Scottish actor Iain Glen in the HBO television adaptation. Ser Jorah Mormont is the only child of the Night's Watch's Lord Commander Jeor Mormont, who abdicated shortly before Robert's Rebellion to join the Night's Watch and let Jorah assume the lordship of Bear Island. At some point Jorah married a lady of House Glover, who died from miscarriage after ten years of marriage. Jorah fought in Greyjoy's Rebellion, distinguishing himself by being one of the first to enter the fray during the Siege of Pyke, and was knighted by King Robert Baratheon. At the Tourney of Lannisport celebrating the Baratheon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4597006", "score": "0.94532293", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Alisdair Simpson", "text": "Alisdair Simpson Alisdair Simpson is a British actor, voice over artist and narrator. His acting agents are The Narrow Road Company and his voice agents are United Voices. He appeared as Ser Donnel Waynward, the Knight of the Bloody Gate in Series Four of Game of Thrones and between 2014 and 2016 he was Chapman Carter in War Horse at The New London Theatre. He was the voice of Richard in the BAFTA winning and Oscar nominated The Bigger Picture a short animation film directed by Daisy Jacobs. His most recent narration work includes 2 series of The Real Story", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11562514", "score": "0.9452815", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Jon Snow (character)", "text": "Jon Snow (character) Jon Snow is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\", in which he is portrayed by English actor Kit Harington. He is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of the author's \"finest creations\" and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\". Jon is a main character in the TV series, and his storyline in the 2015 season 5 finale generated a strong reaction among viewers. Speculation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3735749", "score": "0.9445023", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jon Snow (character)", "text": "also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television in 2012, 2016 and 2017. In \"A Game of Thrones\", Jon Snow is introduced as the 14-year-old illegitimate son of Eddard \"Ned\" Stark, Lord of Winterfell, and half-brother to Robb, Sansa, Arya, Bran and Rickon. Jon is described as having strong Stark features with a lean build, long face, dark brown hair and grey eyes. Jon has the surname \"Snow\" (customarily used for illegitimate children in the North) and is resented by Ned's wife Catelyn, who views him as a constant reminder of Ned's infidelity. Jon is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3735753", "score": "0.94397646", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Mickey Mantle" ]

[ { "title": "Hal Smith (infielder)", "text": "with only three home runs. He was left unprotected in the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft and was selected by the Houston Colt .45s in the premium phase of the lottery. Smith was the catcher for the first Major League game in Houston baseball history, going two for four with a home run and a double in an 11–2 rout of the Chicago Cubs on April 10, 1962. He was the Colt .45s' regular catcher during their maiden National League season and hit 12 home runs, third on the club, but batted only .235. In , rookie John Bateman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8507065", "score": "1.1962425", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "José Altuve", "text": "an inside-the-park home run, his first major league home-run. He became the first Astros player since Adam Everett in 2003 to hit an inside-the-park home run, the first Astros player to get his first major league home run on an inside-the-park home run since pitcher Butch Henry in 1992, and the first Astros player to lead off a game with an inside-the-park home run since Bill Doran in 1987. He batted .346 over his first 21 games before slumping a bit and ended the year with a .276 average. He also hit two home runs, stole seven bases, and posted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15772023", "score": "1.1880143", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Eric Anthony", "text": "first baseman Glenn Davis hitting more than 13 home runs for the team that season, the Astros took a gamble and called Anthony up to the majors from Double-A in late July 1989. Anthony's first major league hit came in his second game as an Astro. The home run, a 414-foot shot off the San Francisco Giants' Rick Reuschel, easily cleared the Astrodome fences. Later that game, he just missed another home run on an opposite-field shot that caromed off the top of the wall for a double. The following season, Anthony electrified fans in the Astrodome in a game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7562258", "score": "1.1640557", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Bob Aspromonte", "text": "with their second selection, the third player taken overall. On April 10, 1962, Aspromonte, playing third base and inserted into the leadoff position, became the first batter in Houston's MLB history. He singled to left field off Don Cardwell of the Chicago Cubs for the club's first hit, then scored its first-ever MLB run when the next batter, Al Spangler, tripled. Aspromonte would score two more runs that day, as the Colt .45s beat the Cubs, 11–2. Aspromonte was the starting third baseman for the Houston franchise (renamed the \"Astros\" in 1965) for its first six seasons, and led National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6023576", "score": "1.1498706", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Román Mejías", "text": "in the 11th round by Houston in the 1961 National League expansion draft, and was the starting right fielder in the Colt .45s' first Major League game on April 10, 1962. Batting third in Houston's lineup, Mejías had three hits in five at bats, with three runs scored and six runs batted in. He hit the first home run in Houston's Major League history, a three-run bomb off Don Cardwell in the third inning, and then followed with another three-run shot in the eighth off relief pitcher Al Lary, as the Colt .45s routed the visiting Chicago Cubs, 11–2. Mejías", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10395151", "score": "1.1361622", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dave Matranga", "text": "season for their top farm team, the New Orleans Zephyrs, he became a free agent once again. Matranga was the 86th player in major league history and the second player in Astros history to hit a home run in his first plate appearance, doing so on June 27, 2003. Pinch-hitting in the ninth spot, Matranga batted in the fifth inning against Joaquin Benoit, which tied the game 4-4, although the Rangers would rally to win 10-7. As it turned out, it was his only major league hit, as he failed to get a hit in his next five plate appearances", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10786396", "score": "1.1341006", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Bob Watson", "text": "president in charge of discipline and vice president of rules and on-field operations until 2010. Nicknamed \"Bull,\" Watson was originally a catcher in the minor leagues, however, he converted to first base and the outfield by the time he made his major league debut with the Astros on September 9, 1966. Watson was a dependable hitter whose home run numbers were somewhat hurt by the fact that he played the majority of his career in the Astrodome. From 1966 through 1970, Watson appeared in less than 100 games each season for the Astros, batting .259 with 14 home runs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5463724", "score": "1.1288271", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Alan Ashby", "text": "first career no-hitter, as Astros pitcher Ken Forsch held the Atlanta Braves to no hits in a 6-0 Astros victory. In his first season with the team, Ashby appeared in 108 games, hitting .202 with 2 home runs and 35 RBI. In 1980, Ashby saw his offensive numbers improve, as he batted .256 with 3 HR and 48 RBI in 116 games. He appeared in his first playoff series, as Ashby played in two games in the 1980 National League Championship Series, hitting .125 with 0 home runs and 1 RBI, as Houston lost to the Philadelphia Phillies. During the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8264658", "score": "1.1264039", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Don Buddin", "text": "was traded that offseason to the expansion Colt .45s for fellow shortstop Eddie Bressoud. Buddin was the starting shortstop in Houston's first official National League game on April 10, 1962 — an 11–2 victory against the visiting Chicago Cubs, in which he was hitless in three at bats but played errorless ball in the field and turned a double play. On June 11, he hit the first grand slam in Houston franchise history against Joe Moeller of the Los Angeles Dodgers. But he batted only .163 in 40 games, and Bob Lillis supplanted him as the Colt .45s regular shortstop.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7770103", "score": "1.1232314", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Astrodome", "text": "On Opening Day, April 9, 1965, a sold-out crowd of 47,879 watched an exhibition game between the Houston Astros and the New York Yankees. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife Lady Bird were in attendance, as well as Texas Governor John Connally and Houston Mayor Louie Welch. Governor Connally tossed out the first ball for the first game ever played indoors. Dick \"Turk\" Farrell of the Astros threw the first pitch. Mickey Mantle had both the first hit (a single) and the first home run in the Astrodome. The Astros beat the Yankees that night, 2-1.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dave Roberts (first baseman)", "text": "178 at bats with Houston, playing mostly first base, but also some outfield. In 1966, he got one final shot at the majors with the Pittsburgh Pirates, but went just 2-for-16 and was out of the majors for good. In , Roberts made his way to the Sankei Atoms of the Japanese Central League. He made the all star team in 1968 and became the first \"gaijin\" to hit 40 home runs. He was an all-star in 1969, 1971 and 1972. In 1971, he set the record for home runs by a \"gaijin\" at 145. He played for them until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12222356", "score": "1.1187282", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Héctor Torres", "text": "was traded by the Giants to the California Angels for Dave Marshall. On November 27, 1967, the Angels sent Torres to the Houston Astros to complete an earlier deal in which Houston sent Jim Weaver to California for future considerations. Torres made his Major League Baseball debut on April 10, 1968 as the Houston Astros opening day shortstop, going 0 for 3 against the Pittsburgh Pirates. On April 11, Torres recorded his first career hit, an RBI single off Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Larry Jackson. Torres hit his first career home run on August 13 against Jeff James of the Philadelphia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10962985", "score": "1.1174873", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "first baseman Eddie Mathews join the Astros. The slugger hit his 500th home run while in Houston. He would be traded late in the season and Doug Rader would be promoted to the big leagues. Rookie Don Wilson pitched a no-hitter on June 18. Wynn also provided some enthusiasm in 1967. The 5 ft 9 in Wynn was becoming known not only for how often he hit home runs, but also for how far he hit them. Wynn set club records with 37 home runs, and 107 RBIs. It was also in 1967 that Wynn hit his famous home run", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183787", "score": "1.1164459", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mickey Mantle", "text": "inaugurate the Astrodome, the world's first multi-purpose, domed sports stadium, the Houston Astros and the New York Yankees played an exhibition game on April 9, 1965. Mantle hit the park's first home run. In 1966, his batting average increased to .288 with 23 home runs and 56 RBI. After the 1966 season, he was moved to first base with Joe Pepitone taking over his place in the outfield. On May 14, 1967, Mantle became the sixth member of the 500 home run club. Mantle hit .237 with 18 home runs and 54 RBI during his final season in 1968. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "734408", "score": "1.1158772", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jimmy Wynn", "text": "hit three home runs in one game as his Astros defeated the San Francisco Giants 6–2 at the Astrodome. In the first game of a doubleheader against the Pittsburgh Pirates one month later, on July 23, Wynn hit another tape measure home run, the ball clearing Forbes Field's center-field wall 457 feet from home plate. The following season, he played in 156 games while having 146 hits, 85 runs, 26 home runs, 67 RBIs, 11 stolen bases with a .269 batting average and a .376 OBP, although he walked 90 times and struck out 131 times. His 1969 season had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108452", "score": "1.1153617", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "History of the Houston Astros", "text": "a young team full of talent that was not yet refined and the inconsistencies of their youth was viewed on the field. 1967 saw third baseman Eddie Mathews join the Astros. Mathews, however, would play first base. The slugger hit his 500th home run while in Houston. He would be traded late in the season and Doug Rader would be promoted to the big leagues. Rookie Don Wilson pitched a no hitter on June 18, Fathers Day, against the Braves. It was the first no hit, shut out, pitched in team history and in the Astrodome. Jimmy Wynn also provided", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10180877", "score": "1.1140245", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hanley Ramírez", "text": "shortstop job over Robert Andino. On April 3, he recorded his first Major League hit in his first at bat of the season, a single to center field off of Houston Astros pitcher Roy Oswalt. On April 18, he led off the game with his first Major League home run off of Eric Milton of the Cincinnati Reds. He hit his second home run in the seventh inning of that game against reliever Mike Burns. Ramírez led all MLB rookies with 185 hits, 119 runs, 11 triples and 51 stolen bases. He hit seven leadoff home runs, the most in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5687380", "score": "1.113481", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ray Montgomery (baseball)", "text": "One of Ray Montgomery's career highlights came on July 24, 1996, against the San Diego Padres when he hit a walk off home run as a pinch hitter in the tenth inning to give the Astros the win, 6-4. The home run, hit off San Diego's Ron Villone, was the first major league home run for the rookie. After his playing career, he spent four years as an area scout for the Milwaukee Brewers, during which time Milwaukee selected second baseman Rickie Weeks out of his South Texas/Louisiana territory. He was the Brewers' Midwest supervisor for two years and their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11479789", "score": "1.1130801", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tyler Houston", "text": "Tyler Houston Tyler Sam Houston (born January 17, 1971) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and catcher. He played eight seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1996 to 2003 for the Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians, Milwaukee Brewers, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies. In 700 games, Houston tallied 479 hits, 63 home runs and 253 RBIs for a .265 batting average. In the 1989 MLB June draft, Houston was drafted second overall (first was Ben McDonald) and was the first high school player chosen. He graduated from Valley High School in Las Vegas, Nevada. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9783958", "score": "1.1109171", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Al Spangler", "text": "11, 1971. Spangler was drafted by the Houston Colt .45s as a premium selection in the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft and led the .45's in hitting their first two seasons. In the Colt .45s' first game against the Chicago Cubs, Spangler drove in the first run in Houston baseball history with a RBI triple in the bottom of the 1st inning off Cubs starter Don Cardwell, driving in teammate Bob Aspromonte. On June 12, 1969, Spangler hit two home runs and drove in four runs to help lift his Cubs to a 12 to 6 victory over the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10446544", "score": "1.1100514", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Daryle Ward", "text": "in his home stadium of Zephyr Field in New Orleans. The next day, he hit a 3 run home run in the All Star Game, leading the PCL to victory after joining the team as a last minute replacement. His home run outshone Russell Branyan's solo home run in the same game. He debuted in 1999, hitting 8 home runs in 150 at bats. In 2000, he hit 20 home runs in just 264 at-bats. In his third season for the Astros, Ward batted .263 with 9 home runs and 39 RBI in 95 games. The next year, 2002, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3192100", "score": "1.1069449", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2004 Houston Astros season", "text": "in the Astrodome. In the Home Run Derby, Miguel Tejada of the Baltimore Orioles defeated Berkman in the final round, 5–4. Tejada established records of both 27 home runs overall, and 15 in a single round, while Berkman hit the longest home run of the competition at . Three members of the Astros were in the starting lineup; Roger Clemens, who had played in the 1986 All-Star Game, was the starting pitcher, Jeff Kent was at second base, and Berkman was one of the three outfielders starting in the game. Beltrán, first named to the American League team before the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11021300", "score": "1.1062497", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "History of the Houston Astros", "text": "more home runs and Watson hit 16. Cedeño also led the Astros with a .320 batting average and 55 stolen bases and made spectacular plays on the field. Cedeño made his first All-Star game in 1972 and became the first Astro in team history to hit for the cycle in August versus the Reds. Houston led the league with 708 runs and were playing the first winning season in team history, but the Reds were hot and pulling away fast. Despite having a winning season, the Astros fired manager Harry Walker and replaced him with Leo Durocher. The skipper of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10180894", "score": "1.104307", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Chuck Harrison (baseball)", "text": "who unfortunately lacked the prototypical power for a first baseman. His most productive season came in 1966, when he posted career numbers in games (119), batting average (.256), runs (52), RBI (52), hits (111) and extra-base hits (34), including three four-hit games. But in 1967 Harrison became expendable with the emergence of Doug Rader at first base. At the end of the season, he was sent by Houston along Sonny Jackson to the Atlanta Braves in the same transaction that brought Denny Lemaster and Denis Menke to the Astros. A year later, he was purchased by the Royals from Atlanta.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13277201", "score": "1.1038429", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Bobby Abreu", "text": "was fifth in runs scored (1,441) and in stolen bases (399), seventh in extra base hits (911) and on-base percentage (.396), and tenth in runs batted in (1,349). Abreu was signed as an amateur free agent by the Houston Astros on August 21, 1990. He was the Astros Minor League Player of the Year in 1996 and made his Major League debut on September 1, 1996, against the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was announced as a pinch hitter but did not get to bat because he was subsequently pinch hit for himself with Mike Simms. He had his first official at-bat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2964377", "score": "1.1012058", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Marwin González", "text": "the Astros for Marco Duarte. Gonzalez made the Astros' Opening Day roster in 2012. On April 2, 2013, González broke up a perfect game bid by the Texas Rangers' Yu Darvish with two outs in the bottom of the ninth. González set a Major League record by hitting his first 25 career home runs with no one on base. That streak was broken when he hit a home run on May 6, 2016 with Evan Gattis on second base. In Game 2 of the 2017 World Series, González hit a home run in the ninth off Los Angeles Dodgers closer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16264213", "score": "1.1002853", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Chuck Harrison (baseball)", "text": "Chuck Harrison (baseball) Charles William Harrison (born April 25, 1941) is an American former professional baseball player. He was a first baseman in Major League Baseball who played between through for the Houston Astros (1965–1967) and Kansas City Royals (1969, 1971). Listed at , , Harrison batted and threw right-handed. He was signed by the Houston Colt .45s (the Astros' original nickname) in 1963 out of the Texas Tech University. A native of Abilene, Texas, Harrison was 24 years old when he entered the majors with the Astros in . He was a good athlete with an excellent glove work,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13277200", "score": "1.0993598", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Jimmy Wynn", "text": "home runs. After the season, he was drafted by the then Houston Colt .45s in the 1962 first-year player draft. Wynn began the 1963 season with the Double-A San Antonio Bullets in the Texas League, and while there split his time between shortstop and third base while batting .288 with 16 home runs in 78 games. He was promoted to the major leagues in July, and made his major league debut on July 10. Starting at shortstop, he went 1-for-4 with a stolen base. He split his time during the rest of the season between shortstop and the outfield, most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108447", "score": "1.0981175", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "José Sosa (baseball)", "text": "three different levels before joining the big club late in the 1975 midseason. During a game against the San Diego Padres on July 30, 1975, Sosa secured his place in the record books when he belted a three-run home run off Danny Frisella at the Astrodome, to become both the first Dominican pitcher and the first Astros player ever to hit a home run in his first major league plate appearance. He also earned the save as the Astros came out with an 8–4 victory. Sosa spent most of 1976 at Triple A and rejoined the Astros for a few", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12433059", "score": "1.0951006", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "George Springer", "text": "consecutive Opening Days. He had homered off Mariners pitcher Felix Hernandez in the first inning of Opening Day 2017 at Minute Maid Park. On May 7, 2018, Springer homered versus the Oakland Athletics and became the first player in Astros franchise history to record six hits in a nine-inning game. Joe Morgan had six hits in a twelve-inning game for the Astros on June 8, 1965. Springer made his second All-Star appearance in as many seasons, joining 5 other Astros players and manager A.J. Hinch on the American League All-Star team. Springer went back-to-back with teammate Alex Bregman and hit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16257157", "score": "1.094921", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "In Time" ]

[ { "title": "Justin Timberlake videography", "text": "and attained box office success. The same year, Timberlake released his second studio album \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\"—four music videos for singles from the album were shot. Samuel Bayer directed the music video for \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\" (2007) in which American actress Scarlett Johansson plays Timberlake's love interest. From 2007 until 2009, he appeared in the music videos for his collaborations with other artists including 50 Cent (\"Ayo Technology\"), Madonna (\"4 Minutes\") and T.I. (\"Dead and Gone\"). Timberlake starred in the 2010 drama \"The Social Network\", in which he portrayed Sean Parker, the first president of Facebook. The film received acclaim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16899506", "score": "0.921528", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake videography", "text": "from critics and was a box office success. In 2011, he starred in the comedies \"Bad Teacher\" and \"Friends with Benefits\" alongside Cameron Diaz and Mila Kunis respectively. Both films were financial successes. The music videos for his songs \"Mirrors\" and \"Suit & Tie\" were released in 2013. They earned him a MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year and a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, respectively. Timberlake has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" five times, being both host and musical guest three times. In film, he released \"Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids\" and voiced Branch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16899507", "score": "0.914743", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "FutureSex/LoveSounds", "text": "worldly electro-soul of Zayn Malik to the moody sound of newcomers like Bryson Tiller. The album also signaled Timberlake's transition from pop hitmaker and Hollywood It Boy to a legitimate force as a musician and actor.\" \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" was ranked as the 97th best album of all time on the \"Billboard Top 200 Albums of All Time\". All tracks written by Justin Timberlake, Timothy Mosley and Nate Hills; produced by Timbaland, Timberlake and Nate \"Danja\" Hills; except where noted. Credits are adapted from Allmusic. FutureSex/LoveSounds FutureSex/LoveSounds is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake. It was released on September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8080726", "score": "0.8939761", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "whose name means \"from the forest.\" The album's first single, \"Filthy\", was released on January 5, along with its accompanying video directed by Mark Romanek. The electro-funk song has reached number 9 in the US and number 5 in Canada. The songs \"Supplies\", \"Say Something\" featuring Chris Stapleton and \"Man of the Woods\" were also released along with music videos ahead of the album. His collaboration with Stapleton also reached the top 10 in the US and Canada. An accompanying tour of the same name began in March in Toronto, Canada and is scheduled to end in January 2019, in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777490", "score": "0.8928821", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake videography", "text": "Justin Timberlake videography American entertainer Justin Timberlake has released four video albums and has been featured in thirty-seven music videos, seventeen films, fifteen television shows, and six commercials. He achieved early fame when he appeared in the Disney Channel television series \"The All-New Mickey Mouse Club\", alongside singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera and actor Ryan Gosling. Timberlake rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of the boy band NSYNC. In 2002, he launched his solo career and released his solo debut single \"Like I Love You\", the music video for which was directed by Bucky", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16899504", "score": "0.8852628", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rehab (Rihanna song)", "text": "costumes—writhing around with Justin is a real treat.\" In his book \"Post Cinematic Affect\" (2010), Steven Shaviro wrote that, in the videos of \"Rehab\", \"Love Sex Magic\" and \"4 Minutes\", Timberlake \"radiates a smothering sexual heat\", and that these videos \"can be contrasted with the videos from Timberlake's own \"Future Sex/Love Sounds\" album which Joshua Clover convincingly describes as a 'homosocial' exchange between Timberlake and his producer Timbaland\". The \"Rehab\" video won the Best Music Video award at the 2009 Urban Music Awards. On April 28, 2008, Rihanna performed at the Pepsi Center with Kanye West, N.E.R.D, and Lupe Fiasco.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10931617", "score": "0.8844756", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Say Something (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "upbeat country rock ballad that blends the electronic structures of \"Man of the Woods\" previously released songs \"Filthy\" and \"Supplies\" with Stapleton's country blues styles. The song comprises elements of gospel, pop, acoustic soul and jazz. Timberlake and Timbaland previously incorporated country sounds such as twangy guitars on tracks like \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\". The song features lyrics about reflection and regret, meditating on social pressure to have something to say and being unsure if you really do. \"Nashville Scene\" writer Stephen Trageser interpreted the lyrics as: Directed by Arturo Perez Jr. and produced by La Blogothèque, the video", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518486", "score": "0.86253166", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Say Something (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "Say Something (Justin Timberlake song) \"Say Something\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake featuring vocals by American singer Chris Stapleton. It was released on January 25, 2018 as the third single from his fifth studio album \"Man of the Woods\" (2018) along with its music video. The song was written and produced by Timberlake, Larrance Dopson, Floyd Nathaniel Hills, and Timbaland, with additional songwriting by Stapleton. It debuted at number 9 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Timberlake's 19th top 10 single as a solo artist and Stapleton's first. It also reached number one in Slovakia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518483", "score": "0.85486865", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "Love\", the album's second single, also produced by Timbaland and featuring rapper T.I., reached number one on the Hot 100, as did third single \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\". The song is reported to have been inspired by the break-up of his childhood friend and business partner, Trace Ayala, with actress Elisha Cuthbert. In October 2006, Timberlake said that he would focus on his music career rather than his film roles, specifying that leaving the music industry would be a \"dumb thing to do at this point\". He was the special guest performer at the 2006 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777468", "score": "0.84965", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "In Time", "text": "In Time is a 2011 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film written, directed, and produced by Andrew Niccol. Justin Timberlake, Amanda Seyfried and Cillian Murphy star as people in a society where people stop aging at 25. Instead, a new economic system uses time as currency, and each person has a clock on their arm that counts down how long they have to live. The film was released on October 28, 2011.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Rehab (Rihanna song)", "text": "that Timberlake's partner Jessica Biel was \"said to be 'sick to her stomach' after seeing Rihanna wearing a revealing outfit while filming with Timberlake.\" Timberlake told \"Access Hollywood\", \"I’m the guy in the video, so I had to give them all insecurities about that. But yeah we had a great time, we goofed around at the shoot most of the time.\" The video premiered November 17, 2008, on MTV. The video begins as Rihanna, scantily dressed and wearing fishnet stockings, stands against a convertible car in a desert. Timberlake, wearing a leather jacket and black jeans, arrives on a motorcycle.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10931615", "score": "0.84750915", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Carry Out", "text": "because the process for creating the song was similar to those of other collaborations they have done. Timberlake would come into the studio and listen to the track. Afterwards, he would then compose the lyrics in his head. Upon explaining their method of making music, Timbaland stated that: \"We got a chemistry that cannot be described. People ask, 'Well, what are you and Justin like?' Can't tell you what it's like — it's a chemistry that can't be described. Something you would have to see for yourself and be, like, 'Them two got magic'.\" Timbaland stated that the song resembles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14069982", "score": "0.84364676", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake videography", "text": "in \"Trolls\" in 2016. Justin Timberlake videography American entertainer Justin Timberlake has released four video albums and has been featured in thirty-seven music videos, seventeen films, fifteen television shows, and six commercials. He achieved early fame when he appeared in the Disney Channel television series \"The All-New Mickey Mouse Club\", alongside singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera and actor Ryan Gosling. Timberlake rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of the boy band NSYNC. In 2002, he launched his solo career and released his solo debut single \"Like I Love You\", the music video for which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16899508", "score": "0.843264", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "the previous day. Also in 2007, Timberlake made an appearance on 50 Cent's third album, \"Curtis\". Timberlake, along with Timbaland, is featured on a track called \"Ayo Technology\", which was the album's fourth single. Also, another possible collaboration was to occur with Lil Wayne for his album \"Tha Carter III\" with Nelly Furtado and Timbaland. With the wrapping up of the FutureSex/LoveSounds tour of Australasia and the Middle East in November 2007, Timberlake resumed his film career. Projects underway early in 2008 were starring roles in Mike Myers' comedy \"The Love Guru\" (released June 20, 2008) and Mike Meredith's drama", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777473", "score": "0.8414203", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "years. You have to go back to 1979 for \"Off the Wall\", to find a pop album with a first half that matches up.\" He was ranked 66th on the VH1 100 Greatest Artists of All-Time. Timberlake appeared for the first time on the \"Time\" 100 list of most influential people in 2007. In 2013, Timberlake made his second appearance on the 100 list, with Stevie Wonder writing \"Justin has accomplished a lot at a young age, taking advantage of all the possibilities, and yet he's found time to give of himself too—he gets and gives back. He has a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777506", "score": "0.83839315", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Say Something (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "Something\". He told \"Billboard\", \"I really just went out to Los Angeles to write songs with him, it's a very fluid process with him, there's a lot going on. That was one of those things where there wasn't necessarily a plan. He was like 'All right, you hop in there and take a verse,' and I'm like, 'You want me to do what?' ... It came out great. I had a blast with him, he's a great creative force and one of those guys that if you get a chance to work with him, you should.\" \"Say Something\" is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518485", "score": "0.83631784", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Mirrors (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "the 6th most popular song of the year on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The music video was directed by Floria Sigismondi and saw its world premiere as the highlight of an hour-long special on The CW in celebration of \"The 20/20 Experience\"'s release. Timberlake dedicated the music video to his maternal grandparents William and Sadie Bomar, who were married for 63 years until William's death in 2012. The video is choreographed by Noemie Lafrance. It features montages of three separate time periods of a couple's life, from their initial introduction and whimsically falling in love on a funhouse date (portrayed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17083947", "score": "0.8361262", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "also co-wrote and performed on \"Carry Out\", the third single from Timbaland's album \"Shock Value II\", released on December 1, 2009. Timberlake appeared on Jimmy Fallon's debut as host of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on March 2, 2009. Timberlake was the executive producer on the MTV reality series \"The Phone\", which premiered on April 21, 2009. In late 2009, Barbadian singer Rihanna released the album \"Rated R\", with Timberlake being one of the writers and producers. They both worked together previously for her third studio album \"Good Girl Gone Bad\". From 2010, Timberlake increased his acting work. He played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777477", "score": "0.8318476", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Until the End of Time (Justin Timberlake and Beyoncé song)", "text": "Until the End of Time (Justin Timberlake and Beyoncé song) \"Until the End of Time\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake from his second studio album, \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" (2006), written and produced by Timberlake, Timbaland, and Nate \"Danja\" Hills. The song was later re-recorded as a duet featuring American singer Beyoncé, which was released as a single on November 13, 2007 and included on the Deluxe Edition of the album. It reached the top 20 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, being the sixth single from the album to do so, with Timberlake becoming the only male artist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10158224", "score": "0.8259691", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "May 18, 2007. He also appeared as a young Elton John, in the video for John's song \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\". Timberlake was considered to play the role of Roger Davis in the film version of the rock musical \"Rent\", but director Chris Columbus had insisted that only the original Broadway members could convey the true meaning of \"Rent\", so the role was reprised by Adam Pascal. He continued to record with other artists. After \"Where Is the Love?\", he again collaborated with the Black Eyed Peas on the 2005 track \"My Style\" from their album \"Monkey Business\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777465", "score": "0.8206683", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "Year along with Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for \"Where Is the Love?\" with The Black Eyed Peas. After the Super Bowl incident, Timberlake put his recording career on hold to act in several films, having starred in a few feature films earlier in his career. The first role he took during this time was as a journalist in \"Edison Force\", filmed in 2004 and received a direct-to-video release on July 18, 2006. He also appeared in the films \"Alpha Dog\", \"Black Snake Moan\", Richard Kelly's \"Southland Tales\", and voiced Prince Artie Pendragon in the animated film \"Shrek the Third\", released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777464", "score": "0.8139585", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mirrors (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "critics. Jenna Hally Rubenstein of MTV Buzzworthy commented in a positive review, \"Unlike \"Suit & Tie\"'s sultry and retro vibes, the selfie-taker's new jam reminds us a bit more of Justin's \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" days with layered synths and ridiculously club-ready pop production courtesy of JT's main man Timbaland.\" Scott Shetler of \"Popcrush\" gave the single four stars out of five, writing: \"The song relies on Timbaland’s familiar handclap-style beats and layers of synths and vocals, which instantly embed their way into your brain ... over a bed of gentle piano twinkling and a distorted Timbaland vocal loop, JT delivers some falsetto", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17083937", "score": "0.81056917", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Say Something (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "was filmed using a technique known as \"continuous motion\" and shot in one take at the Bradbury Building in Los Angeles – famous for its appearance in the 1982 cult science fiction film \"Blade Runner\" – with elevators, balconies, and stairs that \"personified the labyrinth\" the concept required. The crew included 17 musicians and a 60-person choir, in order to record the video and audio live in only one take. The video starts with Timberlake alone in a room creating beats and effects on an MPC sampler. The camera follows him as he straps on an acoustic guitar and ascends", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518487", "score": "0.80711627", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "New York opened in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2005, Timberlake launched the William Rast clothing line with childhood friend Juan (\"Trace\") Ayala. The 2007 line contained cord jackets, cashmere sweaters, jeans, and polo shirts. The pair reports inspiration from fellow Memphis native Elvis Presley: \"Elvis is the perfect mixture of Justin and I,\" Ayala says. \"You can go back and see pictures of him in cowboy boots and a cowboy hat and a nice button-down shirt, but then again you can see him in a tux and a collared shirt with rhinestones on it and slacks. We like to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777516", "score": "0.8065666", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "MGM Grand Garden Arena, the space-age themed concert film titled \"Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids\" and directed by Jonathan Demme premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 13. Timberlake dedicated the film to Prince for influencing his music. Ahead of its debut at the film festival, the streaming service Netflix released it on October 12. Timberlake composed the soundtrack and served as music supervisor for the 2017 film \"The Book of Love\" which his wife Jessica Biel produced and starred in. Timberlake voiced the lead character in DreamWorks Animation's musical comedy \"Trolls\" opposite Anna Kendrick. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777485", "score": "0.80560744", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Say Something (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "expressed \"Say Something\" is a \"more refined Justin Timberlake. It feels like an organic blend of musical elements. From the hip hop-inspired drums, to the country-driven guitar riff, gospel harmonies, and triumphant introspective vocals, you're left feeling satisfied... this is JT at his best and most honest.\" Forrest Wickman of \"Slate\" said the \"long-anticipated duet lives up to the hype.\" For Idolator, Mike Neid said it is \"the first song that truly feels on brand with the more organic styling of \"Man of the Woods\". It feels like a bit of a risk for JT, but it is one that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518491", "score": "0.8043561", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake", "text": "May 14, 2014, a music video was also released featuring clips of Jackson, with Timberlake accompanied by a number of Jackson's fans performing some of Jackson's signature moves. The video was directed by Timberlake and Rich Lee. During 2015, Timberlake performed along with Jimmy Fallon the \"Saturday Night Live\" 40th Anniversary's cold open, returned to \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" as a guest to perform a sixth edition of the sketch \"History of Rap\", and performed along with Chris Stapleton at the Country Music Association Awards. Showcasing the final date of The 20/20 Experience World Tour at Las Vegas'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777484", "score": "0.8028492", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Justin Timberlake discography", "text": "number one in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. It was later certified four times platinum by the RIAA and six times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA); it sold over 10 million copies worldwide. Six singles were released from \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\", including the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart number-one hits \"SexyBack\", \"My Love\" and \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\". Throughout the late 2000s, Timberlake collaborated with several artists on the Hot 100 top ten singles, including \"Give It to Me\" by Timbaland, \"4 Minutes\" by Madonna and \"Dead and Gone\" by T.I.. In March 2013,<ref name=\"20/20release\"></ref>", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9993879", "score": "0.8021218", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The 20/20 Experience", "text": "number 14, commenting \"Timberlake came back as a lovesick adult, bouncing old-school soul ideas off of his best bud Timbaland and writing a modern-day symphony for his beloved, Jessica Biel, that stretched for over an hour. We all grow up, but few do so as stylishly as JT.\" The album, as part of the compilation \"The 20/20 Experience – The Complete Experience\", was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Pop Vocal Album. Additionally, \"Mirrors\" was nominated for Best Pop Solo Performance, \"Suit & Tie\" for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Music Video, and \"Pusher Love Girl\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17038001", "score": "0.8020701", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Mirrors (Justin Timberlake song)", "text": "crooning and a heavy dose of “oohs” and “aahs.”\" Another favorable review came from Digital Spy's Robert Copsey, who wrote: \"Despite musical shifts in the intervening 11 years and the absence of a cheating girlfriend, [the single] still manages to sound remarkably fresh. \"It's like you're my mirror/ My mirror staring back at me,\" he tells his lover over head-nodding Timbaland beatboxing and grandiose strings, before spilling his guts about how he should never have left them in the first place.\" Emily Exton from VH1 called it \"grand and ambitious... It’s an interesting character study and an even more interesting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17083938", "score": "0.8014606", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Ernest Hemingway", "John Donne" ]

[ { "title": "James S. Holmes", "text": "in 1940, extracted the title of his famous novel \"For Whom The Bell Tolls\":<poem> 'No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. ' </poem> Many translations in magazines such as: James S. Holmes James Stratton Holmes (Collins, May 2, 1924 - Amsterdam, November 6, 1986) was a Dutch poet and translator. He was born in the United States, in Collins, Iowa,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19277028", "score": "1.2910557", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Metallica song)", "text": "the song. An edited version appears on the A-side, with the full-length album version on the B-side. Metallica In 1999, Metallica recorded \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" with the San Francisco Symphony. It is included on live album \"S&M\" (1999). Other live versions appear on \"\" (1993), \"Français Pour une Nuit\" (DVD, 2009), \"\" (2009), \"\" (DVD, 2010), \"Quebec Magnetic\" (DVD, 2012), and \"\" (soundtrack, 2013). Samples Mixes Covers For Whom the Bell Tolls (Metallica song) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is a song by American thrash metal band Metallica. It was first released on the group's second album, \"Ride", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4755032", "score": "1.1562107", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Vampire Diaries)", "text": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Vampire Diaries) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American series \"The Vampire Diaries\", and the series' 93rd episode overall. \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" was originally aired on October 24, 2013, on The CW. The episode was written by Brett Matthews and Elisabeth R. Finch and directed by Michael Allowitz. After Stefan (Paul Wesley) lost his memory, Damon (Ian Somerhalder) tries to help him remember. He remembers the date and where he is, but he cannot remember who he is, who the people are around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17684613", "score": "1.1542566", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Metallica song)", "text": "the protagonist's imminent doom during the bloody Spanish Civil War. Specific allusions are made to the scene in which five soldiers are obliterated during an airstrike, after taking a position on a hill. Cliff Burton plays the bass guitar introduction, which is often mistaken for an electric guitar, with heavy distortion and a wah pedal. Burton wrote the intro before joining Metallica and first played it during a 12-minute jam at a battle of the bands with his second band Agents of Misfortune in 1979. \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" was released as a promo single with two versions of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4755031", "score": "1.1108439", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Vampire Diaries)", "text": "In its original American broadcast, \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" was watched by 2.63 million; down 0.30 from the previous episode. \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" received positive reviews. Leigh Raines of \"TV Fanatic\" rated the episode with 4/5 stating that \"More than halfway through \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" I was moderately bored by this week's The Vampire Diaries. [...] Then Jeremy revealed a secret we've known since The Vampire Diaries Season 4 finale and everything went to pieces.\" Nad from \"Nad's Reviews\" gave a B+ rate to the episode saying that he enjoyed it and that it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17684620", "score": "1.110097", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)", "text": "she and her mother are moving to Texas to be with her father. “For Whom the Bell Tolls\" was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by I. Marlene King. The episode is the fifth writing credit for King. The episode also serves as the second directing credit for Glatter, after the pilot episode. “For Whom the Bell Tolls” premiered on ABC Family on March 21, 2011 and was viewed by 3.64 million people. It garnered a 1.3 rating in the 18-49 age demographic, translating to 1.7 million viewers and a 0.2 ratings increase compared to the previous episode. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17937521", "score": "1.1004832", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)", "text": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by I. Marlene King. In the episode, the girls plan to expose Ian as Alison's murderer after finding video files of them changing in their rooms. Meanwhile, each of the girls", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17937516", "score": "1.0947444", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Bells (poem)", "text": "The Bells (poem) \"The Bells\" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem by Edgar Allan Poe which was not published until after his death in 1849. It is perhaps best known for the diacopic use of the word \"bells.\" The poem has four parts to it; each part becomes darker and darker as the poem progresses from \"the jingling and the tinkling\" of the bells in part 1 to the \"moaning and the groaning\" of the bells in part 4. This poem can be interpreted in many different ways, the most basic of which is simply a reflection of the sounds that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4999208", "score": "1.0941133", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ernest Hemingway", "text": "primary summer residence to Ketchum, Idaho, just outside the newly built resort of Sun Valley, and his winter residence to Cuba. Hemingway, who had been disgusted when a Parisian friend allowed his cats to eat from the table, became enamored of cats in Cuba, keeping dozens of them on the property. Gellhorn inspired him to write his most famous novel, \"For Whom the Bell Tolls,\" which he started in March 1939 and finished in July 1940. It was published in October 1940. Consistent with his pattern of moving around while working on a manuscript, he wrote \"For Whom the Bell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "121494", "score": "1.0845639", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls", "text": "For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in the International Brigades attached to a republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War. As a dynamiter, he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)", "text": "woman guerrilla fighter (Bergman). \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" was Ingrid Bergman's first Technicolor film. Hemingway handpicked Cooper and Bergman for their roles. The film became the top box-office hit of 1943, earning $7.1 million. It was also nominated for nine Academy Awards, winning one. Victor Young's film soundtrack for the film was the first complete score from an American film to be issued on record. During the Spanish Civil War, an American language teacher, Robert Jordan (Gary Cooper), who lived in Spain during the pre-war period, fights in the International Brigades against Francisco Franco's forces. An experienced dynamiter, Jordan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7567829", "score": "1.0799843", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)", "text": "times during \"Pretty Little Liars\" Season 1 finale.” Teresa Lopez of \"TV Fanatic\" praised Brendan Robinson’s character for bring Caleb back to Rosewood and called the episode ‘‘entertaining, although somewhat unsatisfying.” For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17937523", "score": "1.0734189", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Martin Bell (poet)", "text": "Martin Bell (poet) Martin Bell (1918 – 1978) was an English poet who was a key member of The Group, an informal group of poets who met in London from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. Bell was born in Hampshire, England. He attended the University of Southampton, then called University College, Southampton, where he read for an external London Honours degree in English, followed in 1939 by a diploma in Education. He served from 1939 to 1946 with the Royal Engineers in Lebanon, Syria and Italy. From the mid-1950s, Bell became a member of The Group in London, having been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7153777", "score": "1.0695934", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Vampire Diaries)", "text": "to the episode saying that the show \"excels at moving farewell scenes\" and \"The writing’s really, really moving sometimes.\" Stephanie Hall of \"KSiteTV\" also gave a good review to the episode saying that it didn't fail to entertain. \"I hesitate to call \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" a filler episode because there were monumental moments moving the greater story forward, but for all intents and purposes it was an episode devised for the sake of season one nostalgia.\" Crystal Bell from \"Wetpaint\" said that the episode was \"a roller coaster of emotions\" and \"had a little bit of everything.\" \"If", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17684622", "score": "1.0693572", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Bells (poem)", "text": "Fordham's campus conversing with both the students and the Jesuits. According to Poe biographer Jeffrey Meyers, \"The Bells\" is often criticized for sounding mechanical and forced. Poe is believed to have written \"The Bells\" in May 1848 and submitted it three times to \"Sartain's Union Magazine\", a magazine run by John Sartain, until it was finally accepted. He was paid fifteen dollars for his work, though it was not published until after his death in the November 1849 issue. It was also published in the \"New York Tribune\" on the front page of its October 20, 1849 issue as \"Poe's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4999212", "score": "1.0684493", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Bells (poem)", "text": "Bells\" for high soprano and ten instruments, using Poe's text in its entirety although in Dutch. The piece was premiered in London, and has appeared on a CD from Bridge Records, New York. MC Lars, a Nerdcore Hip hop musician sang a complete version of the poem on his 2012 \"Edgar Allan Poe EP\" titled \"(Rock) The Bells\". The song may be listened to freely on his Bandcamp page. The Bells (poem) \"The Bells\" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem by Edgar Allan Poe which was not published until after his death in 1849. It is perhaps best known for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4999216", "score": "1.0666398", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Bells (poem)", "text": "form: first movement, slow movement, scherzo, and finale, thus honoring the poem's four sections. (The work is sometimes performed in English, using not Poe's original, but a translation of Balmont's adaptation by Fanny S. Copeland.) The Scottish composer Hugh S. Roberton (1874–1947) published \"Hear the Tolling of the Bells\" (1909), \"The Sledge Bells\" (1909), and \"Hear the Sledges with the Bells\" (1919) based on Poe's poem. Josef Holbrooke composed his \"The Bells, Prelude, Op. 50\" on Poe's poem, and American folksinger Phil Ochs composed a tune to the poem recorded on his album \"All the News That's Fit to Sing\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4999214", "score": "1.063344", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Vampire Diaries)", "text": "there was one blip in this otherwise perfect episode it was Matt's storyline, which frankly, isn't as compelling as we'd like it to be.\" Despite the good reviews, Carrie Raisler from \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode a mixed review saying that the episode was all over the place and finally rating it with a C+. For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Vampire Diaries) \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American series \"The Vampire Diaries\", and the series' 93rd episode overall. \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" was originally aired on October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17684623", "score": "1.0624481", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Five Bells", "text": "Bells\" (1939), which returned to me, like a remembered song, one midnight on a ferry in the centre of Circular Quay\". The text of the poem is reproduced on a banister in Kenneth Slessor Park in the Sydney suburb of Chatswood. Five Bells \"Five Bells\" (1939) is a meditative poem by Australian poet Kenneth Slessor. It was originally published as the title poem in the author's collection \"Five Bells : XX Poems\", and later appeared in numerous poetry anthologies. The poem is a meditative piece based on a ship's bell ringing five bells - which occurs at either 2:30, 6:30,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19667767", "score": "1.0541764", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Martin Bell (poet)", "text": "University of Southampton Libraries Special Collections and the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at the McFarlin Library, University of Tulsa. In 1997, Martin Bell's Reverdy Translations were published by Whiteknights Press with a foreword by Peter Porter and an introduction by John Pilling. Martin Bell (poet) Martin Bell (1918 – 1978) was an English poet who was a key member of The Group, an informal group of poets who met in London from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. Bell was born in Hampshire, England. He attended the University of Southampton, then called University College, Southampton, where he read", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7153786", "score": "1.0511585", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Poems by Edgar Allan Poe", "text": "death, \"The Bells\" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem known for its repetition. \"The Beloved Physician\" was written around April 1847 for Mary-Louise Shew, a nurse who also inspired Poe's more famous poem, \"The Bells\". The poem was originally ten stanzas long, although a version with nine stanzas was supposedly prepared by Poe for publication . It was never printed during his lifetime, and it now appears to be lost. Shew was able to recall about a tenth of a poem in a letter to editor John W. Ingham in 1875; these fragments were published in 1909, and appear to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9696007", "score": "1.049673", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)", "text": "the camera. The film was originally released in a roadshow format, at 170 minutes (not counting intermission). For re-release, it was trimmed to 134 minutes, and it was not seen at its full length until the late 1990s, when it was archivally restored to 168 minutes. This restored version is the one that has been released on DVD. The restoration was photochemical, not digital, and the titles and some of the scenes in the early reels are slightly to significantly out-of-register. Wins The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: There was a Lux Radio Theater version", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7567835", "score": "1.0481641", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Bells (poem)", "text": "Last Poem\". Inspiration for the poem is often granted to Marie Louise Shew, a woman who had helped care for Poe's wife Virginia as she lay dying. One day, as Shew was visiting Poe at his cottage in Fordham, New York, Poe needed to write a poem but had no inspiration. Shew allegedly heard ringing bells from afar and playfully suggested to start there, possibly even writing the first line of each stanza. Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943) composed a choral symphony \"The Bells\", Op. 35, based on a Russian adaptation of the poem by Konstantin Balmont. The symphony follows classical sonata", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4999213", "score": "1.0320859", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Marvin Bell", "text": "Marvin Bell Marvin Hartley Bell (born August 3, 1937, in New York City) is an American poet and teacher who was the first Poet Laureate of the state of Iowa. Bell was raised in Center Moriches, Long Island. He served in the U. S. Army from 1964 to 1965 at the rank of First Lieutenant. He earned his bachelor's degree from Alfred University, his master's degree from the University of Chicago, and an MFA from the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop. He is the author of more than 20 books of poetry, including \"The Book of the Dead Man\" (Copper", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6280173", "score": "1.0308619", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Bells (poem)", "text": "following the klip-klop of the horses, to the \"dong, ding-dong\" of the swinging golden and iron bells, to screeching \"whee-aaah\" of the brazen bells. The series are always four, followed by three, always beginning and ending on a stressed syllable. The meter changes to iambic in the lines with repeated \"bells,\" bringing the reader into their rhythm. Most of the poem is a more hurried trochaic tetrameter. The bells of which he writes are thought to be those he heard from Fordham University's bell tower, since Poe resided in the same neighborhood as that university. He also frequently strolled about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4999211", "score": "1.0300137", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Henry Thomas Mackenzie Bell", "text": "Henry Thomas Mackenzie Bell Henry Thomas Mackenzie Bell (2 March 1856 – 13 December 1930), commonly known by his pen name Mackenzie Bell, was an English writer, poet and literary critic. He was a writer for many Victorian era publications, most especially the \"London Academy\", and published several volumes of poetry between 1879 and 1893. A noted world traveller, he was acquainted with many literary figures in Victorian Britain and abroad. He was a personal friend of Christina Rossetti and authored her biography, as well as those of fellow English poets Algernon Swinburne and Charles Whitehead, and published critical studies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14472579", "score": "1.0293477", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "text": "Heard the Bells on Christmas Day\". He wrote in his journal in 1878: \"I have only one desire; and that is for harmony, and a frank and honest understanding between North and South\". Longfellow accepted an offer from Joshua Chamberlain to speak at his fiftieth reunion at Bowdoin College, despite his aversion to public speaking; he read the poem \"Morituri Salutamus\" so quietly that few could hear him. The next year, he declined an offer to be nominated for the Board of Overseers at Harvard \"for reasons very conclusive to my own mind\". On August 22, 1879, a female admirer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756531", "score": "1.0253754", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Song of the Bell", "text": "Song of the Bell The \"Song of the Bell\" (German: \"Das Lied von der Glocke\", also translated as \"The Lay of the Bell\") is a poem that the German poet Friedrich Schiller published in 1798. It is one of the most famous poems of German literature and with 430 lines also one of the longest. In it, Schiller combines a knowledgeable technical description of a bell founding with points of view and comments on human life, its possibilities and risks. As a small boy Schiller came in contact with the trade of bell founding because Georg Friderich Neubert, the son", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10153242", "score": "1.0220741", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Jean Bellette", "text": "at the Macquarie Galleries\". Her husband served as art critic for \"The Sydney Morning Herald\" for a decade and a half. In 1942, Bellette won the Sir John Sulman Prize with \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\". She won it again in 1944 with her painting \"Iphigenia in Tauris\", inspired by Euripides' play. The composition is set in a dry, open landscape, with several riders on horses whose appearance suggests \"the Australian present, rather than Greek antiquity\". The judge awarding the prize actually preferred another of her entries, \"Electra\", depicting the sister of Iphigenia also prominent in Greek tragedy – but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18029367", "score": "1.0208242", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Kaeru no Tame ni Kane wa Naru", "text": "Kaeru no Tame ni Kane wa Naru In 2011, an English fan translation was released. The game has been referred to in English as The Frog for Whom the Bell Tolls by Masahiro Sakurai during development of \"Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U\". The game engine was reused for \"\". In a land far away, the two princes—Richard (of the Custard Kingdom) and the game's main protagonist (prince of the Sablé Kingdom)—have shared a friendly rivalry since they were small children. They often compete, although it usually ends in a tie or close win. In Fencing however,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8063857", "score": "1.0188234", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "Battle of Antietam", "the Battle of Antietam" ]

[ { "title": "Battle of Sandfontein", "text": "majority of whom spent the previous night marching. By 17.00 German troops managed to half the distance separating them from the British positions, now employing high explosive shells. At around 18.00, the British troops raised the white flag. German casualties amounted to 14 dead and 46 wounded, while the South Africans lost 16 men dead and 51 wounded. Battle of Sandfontein The Battle of Sandfontein was fought between the Union of South Africa and German Southwest Africa (modern day Namibia) on 26 September 1914 at Sandfontein, during the first stage of the South West Africa Campaign of World War I,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12285869", "score": "1.0889661", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "British Army during the Victorian Era", "text": "a famous defence at Rorke's Drift. The war ended with the defeat and subjugation of the Zulus. Shortly afterwards, the Boer republic of the Transvaal gained its independence after the First Anglo-Boer War. The main engagement of the war was the Battle of Majuba, where a British force was heavily defeated by Boer irregular marksmen. The British commander, Sir George Colley, one of Wolseley's favourites, was killed. Gladstone's government agreed to Boer independence to avoid the expense of a campaign of conquest and subsequent occupation but many British soldiers (including Wolseley and Roberts) were left eager for revenge for their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13122877", "score": "1.0887886", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "South African Wars (1879–1915)", "text": "as the British lines fractured from a lack of leadership. This defeat shocked the British in South Africa and in the home islands. While many demanded vengeance, the British quietly conducted a settlement that gave the Boers independence with only nominal lip service paid to the authority of the Crown in an effort to allow the British to withdraw \"with minimum embarrassment\". See the Gun War for details The invasion was predicated by the desire of Cecil Rhodes and Britain to pursue further land north through Bechunanaland into Matabeleland. Despite numerous envoys and letters from Queen Victoria to Lobengula, of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12442384", "score": "1.0683755", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Second Boer War", "text": "of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The war had a lasting effect on the region and on British domestic politics. For Britain, the Second Boer War was the longest, the most expensive (£211 million, £202 billion at 2014 prices), and the bloodiest conflict between 1815 and 1914, lasting three months longer and resulting in more British combat casualties than the Crimean War (1853–56), although more soldiers died from disease in the Crimean War. The southern part of the African continent was dominated in the 19th century by a set of struggles to create within it a single unified", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531132", "score": "1.0628915", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "South Korea–United Kingdom relations", "text": "troops crossing the Imjin River in Korea. At the end of the battle 10,000 Chinese troops had fallen. British losses stood at just 59 and this battle is considered a turning point in the war as it halted the Chinese advance. The Gloucester Valley Battle Monument is a memorial for British soldiers killed at Solma-Ri, South Korea. 1,078 British soldiers died fighting in the Korean war. There is a British embassy in Seoul and a South Korean embassy in London. The UK and South Korea cooperate in world events with other nations such as the United States. They have recent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14602242", "score": "1.0567557", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Battle of Otavi", "text": "ending all major German resistance in Southwest-Africa. Battle of Otavi The Battle of Otavi fought between the militaries of the Union of South Africa and German Southwest Africa on 1 July 1915 was the final battle of the South West Africa Campaign of World War I. The battle, fought between Otavi mountain and Otavifontein, was a delaying action led by the German Major Hermann Ritter. Ritter's forces intended to buy the main German force at Tsombe several days so as they could harden their positions there. In the end, Botha's forces were able to rout Ritter's troops, leading to an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14011907", "score": "1.0549582", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Battle of Sandfontein", "text": "Battle of Sandfontein The Battle of Sandfontein was fought between the Union of South Africa and German Southwest Africa (modern day Namibia) on 26 September 1914 at Sandfontein, during the first stage of the South West Africa Campaign of World War I, and ended in a German victory. The outbreak of World War I led to the transfer of the British Imperial garrison from South Africa to France. Expecting the war to finish quickly, a large number of South Africans also departed for Europe, aiming to take part in the combat. The Union Defence Force took the responsibility of independently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12285859", "score": "1.0393745", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Battle of Laing's Nek", "text": "the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Battle of Laing's Nek The Battle of Laing's Nek was a major battle fought at Laing's Nek during the First Boer War on 28 January 1881. Following the Boer declaration of independence for the Transvaal in 1880 the British suffered a series of disastrous defeats in attempting to regain the territory. On 20 December 1880, Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Robert Anstruther and elements of his regiment, the 94th, marched from Lydenburg to Pretoria, the regiment’s band leading the column playing the popular song \"Kiss Me, Mother Darling\". At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5305132", "score": "1.0345299", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "South African War Memorial (South Australia)", "text": "regarded as one of the most \"eye-catching\" and significant statues in the city. As such, it was added to the national heritage listing in 1990. In 1899, the Orange Free State and Transvaal declared war on Britain. South Australia, \"fiercely\" loyal to the British Empire and still \"two years away from federation\", joined the other Australian colonies in sending troops to support the Empire in the conflict. With the support of Adelaide's newspapers, nine contingents of South Australian troops were sent to the war during the three years of hostilities, totalling 1,531 men and 1,507 horses. Funding for the endeavour", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12401232", "score": "1.0332441", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "United Kingdom and the American Civil War", "text": "The decisive factor, in the fall of 1862 and increasingly thereafter was the Battle of Antietam and what grew out of it. Lee's invasion was a failure at Antietam, and he barely escaped back to Virginia. It was now obvious that no final, conclusive Confederate triumph could be anticipated. The swift recession of the high Confederate tide was as visible in Britain as in America, and in the end, Palmerston and Russell dropped any notion of bringing a mediation-recognition program before the cabinet.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Second Boer War", "text": "the British suffered defeats on each of the three fronts. On 10 December, General Gatacre tried to recapture Stormberg railway junction about south of the Orange River. Gatacre's attack was marked by administrative and tactical blunders and the Battle of Stormberg ended in a British defeat, with 135 killed and wounded and two guns and over 600 troops captured. At the Battle of Magersfontein on 11 December, Methuen's 14,000 British troops attempted to capture a Boer position in a dawn attack to relieve Kimberley. This too turned into a disaster when the Highland Brigade became pinned down by accurate Boer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531169", "score": "1.0331329", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Southern Rhodesia in World War II", "text": "diplomatic powers, but that did not stop the colonial government from attempting to demonstrate its loyalty and legislative independence through supportive parliamentary motions and gestures. The Southern Rhodesian parliament unanimously moved to support Britain in the event of war during a special sitting on 28 August 1939. When Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939 following the invasion of Poland, Southern Rhodesia issued its own declaration of war almost immediately, before any of the dominions did. Huggins backed full military mobilisation and \"a war to the finish\", telling parliament that the conflict was one of national survival for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17636961", "score": "1.0320879", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Battle of Bergendal", "text": "1 September, Lord Roberts proclaimed the entire South African Republic British territory. However, the capture of Machadodorp and Roberts' proclamation did not end the war. Although the British had won the battle Botha's main force had managed to stay intact. The Boer commandos subsequently dispersed to Lydenburg and Barberton and the next phase of the war - guerrilla warfare - started. This second phase would last even longer than the first, conventional, phase and peace would eventually only be declared at the end of May 1902. A memorial was erected in 1935 in memory of the twelve Zarps who died", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7059208", "score": "1.0312409", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Union of South Africa", "text": "Transvaal's President Paul Kruger, the Jameson Raid of 1895, was a fiasco, and presaged full-scale conflict as diplomatic efforts all failed. War started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902 as the United Kingdom was aided by its Cape Colony, Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was further supported by volunteers from across the Empire. All other nations were neutral, but public opinion in them was largely hostile to Britain. Inside Britain and its Empire there also was a significant Opposition to the Second Boer War because of the atrocities and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "553914", "score": "1.0290096", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Battle of Colenso", "text": "Lieutenant the Honourable Frederick Roberts (son of Field Marshal Lord Roberts), who died of his wounds two days later. Battle of Colenso The Battle of Colenso was the third and final battle fought during the Black Week of the Second Boer War. It was fought between British and Boer forces from the independent South African Republic and Orange Free State in and around Colenso, Natal, South Africa on 15 December 1899. Inadequate preparation and reconnaissance and uninspired leadership led to a British defeat. Shortly before the outbreak of the war, General Sir Redvers Buller was dispatched to South Africa at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6481521", "score": "1.0230544", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Battle of Otavi", "text": "Battle of Otavi The Battle of Otavi fought between the militaries of the Union of South Africa and German Southwest Africa on 1 July 1915 was the final battle of the South West Africa Campaign of World War I. The battle, fought between Otavi mountain and Otavifontein, was a delaying action led by the German Major Hermann Ritter. Ritter's forces intended to buy the main German force at Tsombe several days so as they could harden their positions there. In the end, Botha's forces were able to rout Ritter's troops, leading to an overall breakdown in the German lines that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14011899", "score": "1.0185838", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of South Africa", "text": "Orange Free State. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second Anglo-Boer war. Renewed tensions between Britain and the Boers peaked in 1899 when the British demanded voting rights for the 60,000 foreign whites on the Witwatersrand. Until that point, President Paul Kruger's government had excluded all foreigners from the franchise. Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. When the British refused, Kruger declared war. This Second Anglo-Boer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "750521", "score": "1.0168605", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Battle of Blaauwberg", "text": "British colony until it was incorporated into the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. Summary of the Articles of Capitulation signed by Lt Col Von Prophalow, Maj Gen Baird and Cdre Popham on 10 January 1806: Summary of the Articles of Capitulation signed by Lt Gen Janssens and Brig Gen Beresford on 18 January 1806 and ratified by Maj Gen Baird on 19 January: Battle of Blaauwberg The Battle of Blaauwberg, also known as the Battle of Cape Town, fought near Cape Town on 8 January 1806, was a small but significant military engagement. Peace was made under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8312479", "score": "1.0127475", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Military history of South Africa", "text": "– 31 May 1902. The war was fought between Great Britain and the two independent Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (referred to as the Transvaal by the British). After a protracted hard-fought war, the two independent republics lost and were absorbed into the British Empire. In all, the war had cost around 75,000 lives – 22,000 British soldiers (7,792 battle casualties, the rest through disease), 6,000–7,000 Boer Commandos, 20,000–28,000 Boer civilians, mostly women and children due to disease in concentration camps, and an estimated 20,000 black Africans, Boer allies, who died in their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9056243", "score": "1.012046", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Battle of Blaauwberg", "text": "Battle of Blaauwberg The Battle of Blaauwberg, also known as the Battle of Cape Town, fought near Cape Town on 8 January 1806, was a small but significant military engagement. Peace was made under the Treaty Tree in Woodstock. It established British rule in South Africa, which was to have many ramifications for the region during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A bi-centennial commemoration was held in January 2006. The battle was an incident in Europe's Napoleonic Wars. At that time, the Cape Colony belonged to the Batavian Republic, a French vassal. Because the sea route around the Cape was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8312470", "score": "1.0049635", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Second Boer War", "text": "into South Africa's vast eastern interior. There they established two independent Boer republics: the South African Republic (1852; also known as the Transvaal Republic) and the Orange Free State (1854). Britain recognised the two Boer republics in 1852 and 1854, but attempted British annexation of the Transvaal in 1877 led to the First Boer War in 1880–81. After Britain suffered defeats, particularly at the Battle of Majuba Hill (1881), the independence of the two republics was restored subject to certain conditions; relations, however, remained uneasy. In 1866 diamonds were discovered at Kimberley, prompting a diamond rush and a massive influx", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531124", "score": "1.0049462", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "First Boer War", "text": "First Boer War The First Boer War (, literally \"First Freedom War\"), also known as the First Anglo-Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion, was a war fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom and the South African Republic (also known as the Transvaal Republic; not to be confused with the modern-day Republic of South Africa). The war resulted in defeat for the British and the second independence of the South African Republic. In the 19th century a series of events occurred in the southern part of the African continent, with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2158458", "score": "1.0049148", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Battle of Bergendal", "text": "Battle of Bergendal The Battle of Berg-en-dal (also known as the Battle of Belfast or Battle of Dalmanutha) took place in South Africa during the Second Anglo-Boer War. The battle will be remembered as the last set-piece battle of the war, although it was still to last another two years. It was also the last time that the Boers' four 155 mm Creusot Long Tom guns were used in the same battle. Hostilities commenced in October 1899. On the Cape front the British forces broke through in February 1900 and the next month they were in Bloemfontein, the capital of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7059191", "score": "1.0037904", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "History of South Africa", "text": "Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. The republic, under the premiership of Paul Kruger, defeated British forces in the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender to the British. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony. The independent Boer republic of Orange Free State evolved from colonial Britain's Orange River Sovereignty, enforced by the presence of British troops, which lasted from 1848 to 1854 in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "750479", "score": "0.99977636", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Battle of Laing's Nek", "text": "Battle of Laing's Nek The Battle of Laing's Nek was a major battle fought at Laing's Nek during the First Boer War on 28 January 1881. Following the Boer declaration of independence for the Transvaal in 1880 the British suffered a series of disastrous defeats in attempting to regain the territory. On 20 December 1880, Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Robert Anstruther and elements of his regiment, the 94th, marched from Lydenburg to Pretoria, the regiment’s band leading the column playing the popular song \"Kiss Me, Mother Darling\". At Bronkhorstspruit the force was stopped by Boers who courteously required the \"Red Soldiers\" to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5305125", "score": "0.9986973", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Battle of Driefontein", "text": "division moved against its left flank. The Boers were subsequently forced to withdraw losing 124 men killed and captured, while the British lost 82 killed and 342 wounded. Battle of Driefontein The Battle of Driefontein on 10 March 1900 followed on the Battle of Poplar Grove in the Second Boer War between the British Empire and the Boer republics, in what is now South Africa. In the first half of 1900, the British made an offensive towards the two Boer republic capitals of Bloemfontein and Pretoria. The Boer forces under the command of Christiaan de Wet were holding a line", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16774456", "score": "0.99691075", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "National Party (South Africa)", "text": "Trek and the Battle of Blood River. It was seen to signify the perpetuation of white South African culture, and anti-British and pro-republican feelings grew stronger. It was obvious in political circles that the Union of South Africa was headed inexorably towards republicanism. Although it remained a British dominion even after unification in 1910, the country became all the more self-regulating; indeed, it already had complete autonomy on certain issues. It was agreed in 1910 that domestic matters would be looked after by the South African government but that the country's external affairs would still remain British-controlled. Hertzog's trip to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2379322", "score": "0.99673975", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Southern Rhodesia in World War I", "text": "Southern Rhodesia in World War I When the United Kingdom declared war on Germany at the start of World War I in August 1914, settler society in Southern Rhodesia, then administered by the British South Africa Company, received the news with great patriotic enthusiasm. The Company administrator, Sir William Milton, wired the UK government, \"All Rhodesia ... ready to do its duty\". Although it supported Britain, the Company was concerned about the possible financial implications for its chartered territory should it make direct commitments to the war effort, particularly at first, so most of the colony's contribution to the war", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17161998", "score": "0.99523604", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Second Boer War", "text": "Second Boer War The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa. It is also known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, or South African War. Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures brought them to terms. The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were very", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "531115", "score": "0.99117893", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Battle of Tamatave", "text": "Cape of Good Hope for the rest of the Napoleonic Wars. In August 1810, the French squadron on Isle de France (now Mauritius) achieved the most significant French naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars, when they captured or destroyed four Royal Navy frigates at the Battle of Grand Port. The battle was fought inside Grand Port, one of the harbours of Isle de France into which the French squadrons, dominant in the Indian Ocean during 1809, had been steadily pushed and blockaded by pressure from a British squadron under Commodore Josias Rowley. The British defeat had a noticeable galvanising effect", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12598983", "score": "0.9882785", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "49" ]

[ { "title": "Isotopes of indium", "text": "Isotopes of indium Indium (In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half life of 4.41×10 years. The stable isotope In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope. Other than In, the longest-lived radioisotope is In, with a half-life of 2.8047 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day. This element also has 47 isomers, the longest-lived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5874676", "score": "1.1269245", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Indium", "text": "half-life of 4.41 years, four orders of magnitude greater than the age of the universe and nearly 30,000 times greater than that of natural thorium. The half-life of In is very long because the beta decay to Sn is spin-forbidden. Indium-115 makes up 95.7% of all indium. Indium is one of three known elements (the others being tellurium and rhenium) of which the stable isotope is less abundant in nature than the long-lived primordial radioisotopes. The stablest artificial isotope is indium-111, with a half-life of approximately 2.8 days. All other isotopes have half-lives shorter than 5 hours. Indium also has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "196990", "score": "1.1214092", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Indium", "text": "the stable one. The stable indium isotope, indium-113, is one of the p-nuclei, the origin of which is not fully understood; although indium-113 is known to be made directly in the s- and r-processes (rapid neutron capture), and also as the daughter of very long-lived cadmium-113, which has a half-life of about eight quadrillion years, this cannot account for all indium-113. Indium is the 68th most abundant element in Earth's crust at approximately 50 ppb. This is similar to the crustal abundance of silver, bismuth and mercury. It very rarely forms its own minerals, or occurs in elemental form. Fewer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "196997", "score": "1.0848827", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Indium", "text": "oxidizing agents such as halogens to give indium(III) compounds. It does not form a boride, silicide, or carbide, and the hydride InH has at best a transitory existence in ethereal solutions at low temperatures, being unstable enough to spontaneously polymerize without coordination. Indium is rather basic in aqueous solution, showing only slight amphoteric characteristics, and unlike its lighter homologs aluminium and gallium, it is insoluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. Indium has 39 known isotopes, ranging in mass number from 97 to 135. Only two isotopes occur naturally as primordial nuclides: indium-113, the only stable isotope, and indium-115, which has a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "196989", "score": "1.0683445", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Period 5 element", "text": "Period 5 element A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or \"period\") of the periodic table of the elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The fifth period contains 18 elements, beginning with rubidium and ending with xenon. As a rule, period 5 elements fill their 5s shells first, then their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1402628", "score": "1.0564512", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Indium", "text": "In. In some cases, the pair of 5s-electrons are not donated, resulting in indium(I), In. The stabilization of the monovalent state is attributed to the inert pair effect, in which relativistic effects stabilize the 5s-orbital, observed in heavier elements. Thallium (indium's heavier homolog) shows an even stronger effect, causing oxidation to thallium(I) to be more probable than to thallium(III), whereas gallium (indium's lighter homolog) commonly shows only the +3 oxidation state. Thus, although thallium(III) is a moderately strong oxidizing agent, indium(III) is not, and many indium(I) compounds are powerful reducing agents. While the energy required to include the s-electrons in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "196987", "score": "1.054008", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Indium gallium arsenide", "text": "of λ=1.68 μm at 295 K. By increasing the mole fraction of InAs further compared to GaAs, it is possible to extend the cut-off wavelength up to about λ=2.6 µm. In that case special measures have to be taken to avoid mechanical strain from differences in lattice constants. GaAs is lattice-mismatched to germanium (Ge) by 0.08%. With the addition of 1.5% InAs to the alloy, InGaAs becomes latticed-matched to the Ge substrate, reducing stress in subsequent deposition of GaAs. InGaAs has a lattice parameter that increases linearly with the concentration of InAs in the alloy. The liquid-solid phase diagram shows", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5429422", "score": "1.0513421", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Period 7 element", "text": "elements of the 7th period. Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It was formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is one of the two least electronegative elements, the other being caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. As an alkali metal, it has one valence electron. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element discovered in nature, rather than by synthesis. Outside the laboratory, francium is extremely rare, with trace amounts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1621258", "score": "1.0494056", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Period 5 element", "text": "and symbol Tc. It is the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes; every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically and only minute amounts are found in nature. Naturally occurring technetium occurs as a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or by neutron capture in molybdenum ores. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Many of technetium's properties were predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before the element was discovered. Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name \"ekamanganese\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1402641", "score": "1.0480772", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Period 5 element", "text": "Indium (/ˈɪndiəm/ IN-dee-əm) is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, very soft, malleable and easily fusible other metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium, and shows the intermediate properties between these two. Indium was discovered in 1863 and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum that was the first indication of its existence in zinc ores, as a new and unknown element. The metal was first isolated in the following year. Zinc ores continue to be the primary source of indium, where it is found in compound form. Very rarely", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Indium", "text": "lower than its heavier homologue, thallium, and lower than tin. The boiling point is 2072 °C (3762 °F), higher than that of thallium, but lower than gallium, conversely to the general trend of melting points, but similarly to the trends down the other post-transition metal groups because of the weakness of the metallic bonding with few electrons delocalized. The density of indium, 7.31 g/cm, is also greater than gallium, but lower than thallium. Below the critical temperature, 3.41 K, indium becomes a superconductor. At standard temperature and pressure, indium crystallizes in the face-centered tetragonal crystal system in the space group", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "196985", "score": "1.0475922", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Indium(III) oxide", "text": "= 0.5487 nm, b = 0.5487 nm, c = 0.57818 nm, Z = 6 and calculated density 7.31 g/cm. Thin films of chromium-doped indium oxide (InCrO) are a magnetic semiconductor displaying high-temperature ferromagnetism, single-phase crystal structure, and semiconductor behavior with high concentration of charge carriers. It has possible applications in spintronics as a material for spin injectors. Thin polycrystalline films of indium oxide doped with Zn are highly conductive (conductivity ~10 S/m) and even superconductive at helium temperatures. The superconducting transition temperature T depends on the doping and film structure and is below 3.3 K. Bulk samples can be prepared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7890903", "score": "1.0394535", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Period 7 element", "text": "the nucleus to form an electronic cloud. Period 7 element A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or \"period\") of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The seventh period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 6, beginning with francium and ending", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1621267", "score": "1.0379182", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Indium-111", "text": "In has a half-life (t) of 2.81 days (67.32 hours) decaying by electron capture (EC) to Cd, which is stable (non-radioactive). It is commonly in Nuclear Medicine Diagnostic Imaging by radio-labeling targeted molecules or cells, During its radioactive decay, it emits low energy gamma (γ) photons which can be imaged using planar or SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) gamma cameras (primary energies (ε) of 171.3 keV (91%) and 245.4 keV (94%) ) Example Clinical uses in Nuclear Medicine When formulated as an In Cl solution, it can be used to bind antibodies or other molecular targeted proteins or other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13491367", "score": "1.0379074", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Indium(III) hydroxide", "text": "of indium from zincblende ore by Reich and Richter the discoverers of indium. In(OH) is amphoteric, like Ga(OH) and Al(OH) but is much less acidic than Ga(OH) having a lower solubility in alkali than in acid and is for all intents and purposes a basic hydroxide. Dissolving In(OH) in strong alkali gives solutions that probably contain either four coordinate In(OH) or In(OH)(HO) Reaction with acetic acid or carboxylic acids is likely to give the basic acetate or carboxylate salt, e.g. In(OH)(OOCCH). At 10MPa pressure and 250-400 °C In(OH) converts to indium oxide hydroxide, InO(OH) (which has a distorted rutile structure)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17131708", "score": "1.0369599", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Indium nitride", "text": "Indium nitride Indium nitride () is a small bandgap semiconductor material which has potential application in solar cells and high speed electronics. The bandgap of InN has now been established as ~0.7 eV depending on temperature (the obsolete value is 1.97 eV). The effective electron mass has been recently determined by high magnetic field measurements, m*=0.055 m. Alloyed with GaN, the ternary system InGaN has a direct bandgap span from the infrared (0.69 eV) to the ultraviolet (3.4 eV). Currently there is research into developing solar cells using the nitride based semiconductors. Using one or more alloys of indium gallium", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5182192", "score": "1.0352392", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Indium", "text": "was presented at the World Fair 1867. Reich and Richter later fell out when the latter claimed to be the sole discoverer. Indium is created by the long-lasting (up to thousands of years) s-process (slow neutron capture) in low-to-medium-mass stars (which range in mass between 0.6 and 10 solar masses). When a silver-109 atom (the isotope that comprises approximately half of all silver in existence) catches a neutron, it undergoes a beta decay to become cadmium-110. Capturing further neutrons, it becomes cadmium-115, which decays to indium-115 by another beta decay. This explains why the radioactive isotope is more abundant than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "196996", "score": "1.0340378", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Boron group", "text": "and physical properties. Indium is the fourth element of the boron group but was discovered before the third, gallium, and after the fifth, thallium. In 1863 Ferdinand Reich and his assistant, Hieronymous Theodor Richter, were looking in a sample of the mineral zinc blende, also known as sphalerite (ZnS), for the spectroscopic lines of the newly discovered element thallium. Reich heated the ore in a coil of platinum metal and observed the lines that appeared in a spectroscope. Instead of the green thallium lines that he expected, he saw a new line of deep indigo-blue. Concluding that it must come", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1294724", "score": "1.0320815", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Period 5 element", "text": "and unknown element. The metal was first isolated in the following year. Zinc ores continue to be the primary source of indium, where it is found in compound form. Very rarely the element can be found as grains of native (free) metal, but these are not of commercial importance. Indium's current primary application is to form transparent electrodes from indium tin oxide in liquid crystal displays and touchscreens, and this use largely determines its global mining production. It is widely used in thin-films to form lubricated layers (during World War II it was widely used to coat bearings in high-performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1402654", "score": "1.0316691", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Indium(III) selenide", "text": "Indium(III) selenide Indium(III) selenide is a compound of indium and selenium. It has potential for use in photovoltaic devices and it has been the subject of extensive research. The two most common phases, α and β, have a layered structure, while γ is a \"defect wurtzite structure.\" In all, there are five known forms (α, β, γ, δ, κ). The α- β phase transition is accompanied by a change in electrical conductivity. The band-gap of γ-InSe is approximately 1.9 eV. The crystalline form of a sample can depend on the method of production, for example thin films of pure γ-InSe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10148885", "score": "1.0315738", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Transition metal", "text": "groups (4 to 11), with some authors including some elements in groups 3 or 12. The elements in group 3 have an \"ns\"(\"n\" − 1)\"d\" configuration. The first transition series is present in the 4th period, and starts after Ca (\"Z\" = 20) of group-2 with the configuration [Ar]4\"s\", or scandium (Sc), the first element of group 3 with atomic number \"Z\" = 21 and configuration [Ar]4\"s\"3\"d\", depending on the definition used. As we move from left to right, electrons are added to the same \"d\"-sub-shell till it is complete. The element of group 11 in the first transition series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411501", "score": "1.0307049", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Indium(III) selenide", "text": "have been produced from trimethylindium, InMe, and hydrogen selenide, HSe, using MOCVD techniques. Indium(III) selenide Indium(III) selenide is a compound of indium and selenium. It has potential for use in photovoltaic devices and it has been the subject of extensive research. The two most common phases, α and β, have a layered structure, while γ is a \"defect wurtzite structure.\" In all, there are five known forms (α, β, γ, δ, κ). The α- β phase transition is accompanied by a change in electrical conductivity. The band-gap of γ-InSe is approximately 1.9 eV. The crystalline form of a sample can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10148886", "score": "1.0245464", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Albrecht Unsöld", "text": "sub-shell is spherically symmetric. Thus, like atoms containing a half-filled or filled s orbital (\"l\" = 0), atoms of the second period with 3 or 6 p (\"l\" = 1) electrons are spherically shaped. Likewise, so are atoms of the third period in which there are 5 or 10 d (\"l\" = 2) electrons. Hence, spherical atoms are those of the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 12th, 15th and 18th columns of the periodic table. At Kiel, Unsöld made an intensive study of the effects of abundances, radiation damping, Doppler shifts, electric fields, and collisions on the formation and shape of spectral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3274238", "score": "1.0234243", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Indium(III) hydroxide", "text": "Indium(III) hydroxide Indium(III) hydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula In(OH), its prime use is as a precursor to indium(III) oxide, InO. It is sometimes found as the rare mineral dzhalindite. In(OH) has a cubic structure, space group Im3, a distorted ReO structure. Neutralising a solution of an In salt such as In(NO), indium nitrate or a solution of InCl gives a white precipitate that on ageing forms In(OH). A thermal decomposition of freshly prepared In(OH) shows the first step is the conversion of <chem>In(OH)3.\\mathit{x}H2O</chem> to cubic In(OH) The precipitation of indium hydroxide was a step in the separation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17131707", "score": "1.0222322", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Extended periodic table", "text": "should be about 170 picometers. It should be a very heavy metal with a density of around 26 g/cm. Its relative atomic mass should be around 445 u. The transition metals in period 8 are expected to be elements 157 to 165 (or perhaps with element 121 replacing 157, similarly to the dispute on whether lanthanum or lutetium is better placed as the first 5d transition metal). To these element 166 may be added to complete the 7d subshell, although like its lighter group 12 homologues it is questionable if it would show transition metal character. Although the 8s and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "774296", "score": "1.0221877", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Indium(III) hydroxide", "text": "Rapid decompression of samples of In(OH) compressed at 34 GPa causes decomposition, yielding some indium metal Laser ablation of In(OH) gives InOH, indium(I) hydroxide, a bent molecule with an In-O-H angle of around 132 ° and an In-O bond length of 201.7 pm Indium(III) hydroxide Indium(III) hydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula In(OH), its prime use is as a precursor to indium(III) oxide, InO. It is sometimes found as the rare mineral dzhalindite. In(OH) has a cubic structure, space group Im3, a distorted ReO structure. Neutralising a solution of an In salt such as In(NO), indium nitrate or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17131709", "score": "1.0207355", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Period 2 element", "text": "description of atomic structure, this period corresponds to the filling of the 2s and 2p orbitals. Period 2 elements obey the octet rule in that they need eight electrons to complete their valence shell. The maximum number of electrons that these elements can accommodate is ten, two in the 1s orbital, two in the 2s orbital and six in the 2p orbital. Period 2 is the first period in the periodic table that periodic trends can be drawn from. Period 1, which only contains two elements (hydrogen and helium) is too small to draw any conclusive trends from it, especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1621214", "score": "1.0206892", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Period 5 element", "text": "aircraft). It is also used for making particularly low melting point alloys, and is a component in some lead-free solders. Indium is not known to be used by any organism. In a similar way to aluminium salts, indium(III) ions can be toxic to the kidney when given by injection, but oral indium compounds do not have the chronic toxicity of salts of heavy metals, probably due to poor absorption in basic conditions. Radioactive indium-111 (in very small amounts on a chemical basis) is used in nuclear medicine tests, as a radiotracer to follow the movement of labeled proteins and white", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1402655", "score": "1.016453", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Indium(III) sulfate", "text": "10,000,000 per second, so that NMR cannot detect the difference that results from a complexed and noncomplexed indium ion. An indium sulfate water solution is quite acidic with a 0.14 mol/liter solution having a pH of 1.85. If the pH rises above 3.4 then a precipitate will form. The Raman spectrum of the solution shows lines at 650, 1000 and 1125 cm due to a sulfur–oxygen bonds in sulfate bound to indium. A line at 255 cm is due to the indium-oxygen bond to the sulfate. The water attached to the indium atom causes a band at about 400 cm.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7890934", "score": "1.0153062", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Period 7 element", "text": "Period 7 element A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or \"period\") of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The seventh period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 6, beginning with francium and ending with oganesson, the heaviest element currently discovered.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1621255", "score": "1.0150292", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "45%", "3 to 6%" ]

[ { "title": "Sunlight", "text": "to the surface. Sunlight is a key factor in photosynthesis, the process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be used to synthesize carbohydrates and to fuel the organisms' activities. Researchers can measure the intensity of sunlight using a sunshine recorder, pyranometer, or pyrheliometer. To calculate the amount of sunlight reaching the ground, both the eccentricity of Earth's elliptic orbit and the attenuation by Earth's atmosphere have to be taken into account. The extraterrestrial solar illuminance (), corrected for the elliptic orbit by using the day number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "378777", "score": "1.0239542", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Solar energy", "text": "water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis, green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived. The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "376222", "score": "1.0183699", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Photosynthesis", "text": "is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 billion tonnes (91-104 petagrams) of carbon into biomass per year. Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light. However, not all organisms use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon atoms to carry out photosynthesis; photoheterotrophs use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, photosynthesis releases oxygen. This is called \"oxygenic photosynthesis\" and is by far the most common", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "331480", "score": "0.9969242", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Our Mr. Sun", "text": "exactly sire how it works. They believe chlorophyll uses sunlight to combine carbon dioxide molecules with water molecules, along with salts, to create sugars and release oxygen. These sugars form the bulk of a plant including its fruit. Most of these plants are grown in the sea as phytoplankton, which is the food source of zooplankton, which are eaten by fish. All animals survive on food created by the Sun through photosynthesis; either directly by eating plants, or indirectly by eating animals that eat plants. The Sun provided the energy for photosynthesis through its light, which was created at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11273911", "score": "0.99577343", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Photosynthesis", "text": "chlorophyll fluorometers. Actual plants' photosynthetic efficiency varies with the frequency of the light being converted, light intensity, temperature and proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and can vary from 0.1% to 8%. By comparison, solar panels convert light into electric energy at an efficiency of approximately 6–20% for mass-produced panels, and above 40% in laboratory devices. The efficiency of both light and dark reactions can be measured but the relationship between the two can be complex. For example, the ATP and NADPH energy molecules, created by the light reaction, can be used for carbon fixation or for photorespiration in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "331506", "score": "0.9898066", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Autotroph", "text": "can only use a fraction of this energy for photosynthesis, approximately 1% is used by autotrophs. The process of photosynthesis splits a water molecule (HO), releasing oxygen (O) into the atmosphere, and reducing carbon dioxide (CO) to release the hydrogen atoms that fuel the metabolic process of primary production. Plants convert and store the energy of the photon into the chemical bonds of simple sugars during photosynthesis. These plant sugars are polymerized for storage as long-chain carbohydrates, including other sugars, starch, and cellulose; glucose is also used to make fats and proteins. When autotrophs are eaten by heterotrophs, i.e., consumers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13994704", "score": "0.98835266", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Grow light", "text": "lumens. Therefore, when it comes to measuring the amount of light available to plants for photosynthesis, biologists often measure the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) received by a plant. PAR designates the spectral range of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers, which generally corresponds to the spectral range that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. The irradiance of PAR can be expressed in units of energy flux (W/m), which is relevant in energy-balance considerations for photosynthetic organisms. However, photosynthesis is a quantum process and the chemical reactions of photosynthesis are more dependent on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9537489", "score": "0.983448", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "History of Earth", "text": "for cells to derive energy from the Sun. Most of the life that covers the surface of the Earth depends directly or indirectly on photosynthesis. The most common form, oxygenic photosynthesis, turns carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into food. It captures the energy of sunlight in energy-rich molecules such as ATP, which then provide the energy to make sugars. To supply the electrons in the circuit, hydrogen is stripped from water, leaving oxygen as a waste product. Some organisms, including purple bacteria and green sulfur bacteria, use an anoxygenic form of photosynthesis that uses alternatives to hydrogen stripped from water", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5345795", "score": "0.97526234", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Photosynthesis", "text": "Earth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "331477", "score": "0.96504915", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Photosynthetic efficiency", "text": "of photons and therefore for the same amount of photosynthesis. For actual sunlight, where only 45% of the light is in the photosynthetically active wavelength range, the theoretical maximum efficiency of solar energy conversion is approximately 11%. In actuality, however, plants do not absorb all incoming sunlight (due to reflection, respiration requirements of photosynthesis and the need for optimal solar radiation levels) and do not convert all harvested energy into biomass, which results in an overall photosynthetic efficiency of 3 to 6% of total solar radiation. If photosynthesis is inefficient, excess light energy must be dissipated to avoid damaging the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Trophic level", "text": "their food to their own organic tissue (the ten-percent law). For this reason, food chains rarely extend for more than 5 or 6 levels. At the lowest trophic level (the bottom of the food chain), plants convert about 1% of the sunlight they receive into chemical energy. It follows from this that the total energy originally present in the incident sunlight that is finally embodied in a tertiary consumer is about 0.001% Both the number of trophic levels and the complexity of relationships between them evolve as life diversifies through time, the exception being intermittent mass extinction events. Food webs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10395345", "score": "0.9635366", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere", "text": "between 7 and 5 million years ago over plants that use the less efficient C3 metabolic pathway. At current atmospheric pressures photosynthesis shuts down when atmospheric concentrations fall below 150 ppm and 200 ppm although some microbes can extract carbon from the air at much lower concentrations. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about six times larger than the current power consumption of human civilization. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year. Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10238243", "score": "0.9633181", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Plant", "text": "primitive plants lacking some tissue types. Plants are photosynthetic, which means that they manufacture their own food molecules using energy obtained from light. The primary mechanism plants have for capturing light energy is the pigment chlorophyll. All green plants contain two forms of chlorophyll, chlorophyll \"a\" and chlorophyll \"b\". The latter of these pigments is not found in red or brown algae. The simple equation of photosynthesis is as follows:- 6CO + 6HO → (in the presence of light and chlorophyll) CHO + 6O By means of cells that behave like nerves, plants receive and distribute within their systems information", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12590373", "score": "0.9547002", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ecosystem", "text": "through this process supports life on earth, while the carbon makes up much of the organic matter in living and dead biomass, soil carbon and fossil fuels. It also drives the carbon cycle, which influences global climate via the greenhouse effect. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants capture energy from light and use it to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. The photosynthesis carried out by all the plants in an ecosystem is called the gross primary production (GPP). About half of the GPP is consumed in plant respiration. The remainder, that portion of GPP that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "126233", "score": "0.94856024", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Biological thermodynamics", "text": "like plants need sunlight directly while other organisms like humans can acquire energy from the sun indirectly. There is however evidence that some bacteria can thrive in harsh environments like Antarctica as evidence by the blue-green algae beneath thick layers of ice in the lakes. No matter what the type of living species, all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy to live. The relationship between the energy of the incoming sunlight and its wavelength or frequency is given by where \"h\" is the Planck constant (6.63x10Js) and \"c\" is the speed of light (2.998x10 m/s). Plants trap", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6089298", "score": "0.9467735", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Photosynthetic efficiency", "text": "crop plants store ~0.25% to 0.5% of the sunlight in the product (corn kernels, potato starch, etc.), sugar cane is exceptional in several ways to yield peak storage efficiencies of ~8%. Ethanol fuel in Brazil has a calculation that results in: \"Per hectare per year, the biomass produced corresponds to 0.27 TJ. This is equivalent to 0.86 W/m. Assuming an average insolation of 225 W/m, the photosynthetic efficiency of sugar cane is 0.38%.\" Sucrose accounts for little more than 30% of the chemical energy stored in the mature plant; 35% is in the leaves and stem tips, which are left", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7145820", "score": "0.9452434", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Botany", "text": "Earth by generating a large proportion of the oxygen and food that provide humans and other organisms with aerobic respiration with the chemical energy they need to exist. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in the structural components of cells. As a by-product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "49612", "score": "0.94474256", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Ecological efficiency", "text": "or egested by the livestock and unable to be used by humans. Out of a total of 96.8 formula_8 10^15 BTU of energy used in the US in 1999, 10.5% was used in food production, with the percentage accounting for food from both producer and primary consumer trophic levels. In comparing the cultivation of animals versus plants, there is a clear difference in magnitude of energy efficiency. Edible kilocalories produced from kilocalories of energy required for cultivation are: 18.1% for chicken, 6.7% for grass-fed beef, 5.7% for farmed salmon, and 0.9% for shrimp. In contrast, potatoes yield 123%, corn produce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13316581", "score": "0.9445611", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Biological thermodynamics", "text": "primarily on photosynthesis. The total energy captured by photosynthesis in green plants from the solar radiation is about 2 x 10 joules of energy per year. Annual energy captured by photosynthesis in green plants is about 4% of the total sunlight energy that reaches Earth. The energy transformations in biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents are exceptions; they oxidize sulfur, obtaining their energy via chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. The field of biological thermodynamics is focused on principles of chemical thermodynamics in biology and biochemistry. Principles covered include the first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy, statistical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6089296", "score": "0.9394851", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Agrivoltaic", "text": "solar energy production and plant cultivation in order to improve overall production. They were addressing the ongoing discussion on the competition for the use of arable land between solar energy production and crop. The light saturation point is the maximum amount of photons absorbable by a plant species. As more photons won’t increase to the rate of photosynthesis, Akira Nagashima suggest to combine PV systems and farming to use the excess of light. He developed the first prototypes in Japan in 2004. The term “agrivoltaic“ was used for the first time in a publication in 2011. The concept is known", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19182337", "score": "0.93369764", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Our Mr. Sun", "text": "being food. The population of the earth went from 500 million in 1650 to 2.5 billion in 1950. One out of every twenty human beings that ever existed, is currently alive today. Two out of every three people don't have enough to eat which is required for good health and 100 million new humans are born each year becoming a population explosion. Food is grown by the Sun through photosynthesis, which means \"putting together with light\". Ninety-nine percent of all food and fuel is created by the Sun through photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the molecule responsible for photosynthesis though science isn't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11273910", "score": "0.93134737", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Grow light", "text": "the \"number\" of photons than the amount of energy contained in the photons. Therefore, plant biologists often quantify PAR using the number of photons in the 400-700 nm range received by a surface for a specified amount of time, or the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD). This is normally measured using mol ms. According to one manufacturer of grow lights, plants require at least light levels between 100 and 800 μmol ms. For daylight-spectrum (5800 K) lamps, this would be equivalent to 5800 to 46,000 lm/m. Grow light A grow light or plant light is an artificial light source, generally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9537490", "score": "0.93070287", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Photosynthetic efficiency", "text": "curves that the class produces do allow comparisons in photosynthetic efficiency between plants. From a 2010 study by the University of Maryland, photosynthesizing Cyanobacteria have been shown to be a significant species in the global carbon cycle, accounting for 20–30% of Earth's photosynthetic productivity and convert solar energy into biomass-stored chemical energy at the rate of ~450 TW. According to the electron yield of 0.05% to 0.3% mentioned in the cyanobacteria study above, this means that a gross upper-bound estimate for the total photosynthetic productivity of earth is between ~90–530 TW (see also Earth's energy budget), if all of earth's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7145817", "score": "0.9299761", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ecology", "text": "is the primary input of energy into the planet's ecosystems. Light is composed of electromagnetic energy of different wavelengths. Radiant energy from the sun generates heat, provides photons of light measured as active energy in the chemical reactions of life, and also acts as a catalyst for genetic mutation. Plants, algae, and some bacteria absorb light and assimilate the energy through photosynthesis. Organisms capable of assimilating energy by photosynthesis or through inorganic fixation of HS are autotrophs. Autotrophs — responsible for primary production — assimilate light energy which becomes metabolically stored as potential energy in the form of biochemical enthalpic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "126177", "score": "0.92996085", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Our Mr. Sun", "text": "Sun's core. It takes this light 2000 years to make it from the core to the Sun's surface and another eight minutes from the Sun's surface to the earth. The food problem is being studied by Dr. Hiroshi Tamiya of the Tokugawa Biological Institute in his research on chlorella, an algae consisting of carbohydrates, fats and 50% protein. Chlorella can produce about 10 times the edible material, per unit area, as a typical crop. The second biggest problem man faces is that of fuel. In 1850, the average American used 400 horsepower-hours of fuel. By 1950, the average American used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11273912", "score": "0.92900527", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Photosynthesis", "text": "Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name \"photosynthesis\", from the Greek φῶς, \"phōs\", \"light\", and σύνθεσις, \"synthesis\", \"putting together\". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "331476", "score": "0.9286122", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Artificial photosynthesis", "text": "particular how much of the incident light can be used in a system in practice. This is comparable with photosynthetic efficiency, where light-to-chemical-energy conversion is measured. Photosynthetic organisms are able to collect about 50% of incident solar radiation, however the theoretical limit of photosynthetic efficiency is 4.6 and 6.0% for C3 and C4 plants respectively. In reality, the efficiency of photosynthesis is much lower and is usually below 1%, with some exceptions such as sugarcane in tropical climate. In contrast, the highest reported efficiency for artificial photosynthesis lab prototypes is 22.4%. However, plants are efficient in using CO at atmospheric", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4489796", "score": "0.92746586", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Photosynthetic efficiency", "text": "net leaf efficiency. Many plants lose much of the remaining energy on growing roots. Most crop plants store ~0.25% to 0.5% of the sunlight in the product (corn kernels, potato starch, etc.). Photosynthesis increases linearly with light intensity at low intensity, but at higher intensity this is no longer the case (see Photosynthesis-irradiance curve). Above about 10,000 lux or ~100 watts/square meter the rate no longer increases. Thus, most plants can only utilize ~10% of full mid-day sunlight intensity. This dramatically reduces average achieved photosynthetic efficiency in fields compared to peak laboratory results. However, real plants (as opposed to laboratory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7145815", "score": "0.9265028", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Photosynthesis", "text": "cytosol they turn back into CO very slowly without the help of carbonic anhydrase. This causes the HCO ions to accumulate within the cell from where they diffuse into the carboxysomes. Pyrenoids in algae and hornworts also act to concentrate around rubisco. The overall process of photosynthesis takes place in four stages: Plants usually convert light into chemical energy with a photosynthetic efficiency of 3–6%. Absorbed light that is unconverted is dissipated primarily as heat, with a small fraction (1–2%) re-emitted as chlorophyll fluorescence at longer (redder) wavelengths. This fact allows measurement of the light reaction of photosynthesis by using", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "331505", "score": "0.92366713", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Photosynthetic efficiency", "text": "Photosynthetic efficiency The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction where CHO is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars, cellulose, lignin, and so forth). The value of the photosynthetic efficiency is dependent on how light energy is defined – it depends on whether we count only the light that is absorbed, and on what kind of light is used (see Photosynthetically active radiation). It takes eight (or perhaps 10 or more) photons to utilize one molecule of CO.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7145810", "score": "0.92295575", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "538" ]

[ { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "odd-numbered election years. Statistical forecasts: United States presidential election The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13021513", "score": "1.0484116", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2008 United States presidential election", "text": "unusually high number of \"miscellaneous\" write-ins were cast for president in 2008, including 112,597 tallied in the 17 states that record votes for non-listed candidates. There were more presidential candidates on the ballot than at any other time in U. S. history, except for the 1992 election, which also had 23 candidates listed in at least one state. Popular vote totals are from the official Federal Election Commission report. The results of the electoral vote were certified by Congress on January 8, 2009. The following table records the official vote tallies for each state for those presidential candidates who were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2428179", "score": "1.0414459", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "President-elect of the United States", "text": "ascertainment, to the President of the U.S. Senate. The electoral votes are counted in a joint session of Congress in early January (on January 6 as required by 3 U.S. Code, Chapter 1 or an alternative date set by statute) and if the ballots are accepted without objections, the presidential and vice-presidential candidates winning at least 270 electoral votes—a majority of the total number of electoral votes—are certified as having won the election by the incumbent Vice President, in their capacity as President of the Senate. If no presidential candidate reaches the 270-vote threshold, the election for the president would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12658551", "score": "1.0262165", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "securing the greatest amount of the national popular vote, such as during the 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000 and 2016 elections. In theory, it is possible to secure the necessary 270 electoral votes from only the eleven most populous states and then ignore the rest of the country. In 1844, Representative Samuel F. Vinton of Ohio proposed an amendment to the constitution that would replace the electoral college system with a lot system. The Joint Resolution called for each state to elect, by a simple majority, a presidential candidate of said state. Each state would notify Congress of the presidential election", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13021504", "score": "1.0178264", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Statewide opinion polling for Hillary Clinton for the 2008 United States presidential election", "text": "9 electoral votes 4 electoral votes 10 electoral votes 12 electoral votes 17 electoral votes 10 electoral votes 6 electoral votes 11 electoral votes 3 electoral votes 5 electoral votes 5 electoral votes 4 electoral votes 15 electoral votes 5 electoral votes 31 electoral votes 15 electoral votes 3 electoral votes 20 electoral votes 7 electoral votes 7 electoral votes 21 electoral votes 4 electoral votes 8 electoral votes 3 electoral votes 11 electoral votes 34 electoral votes 5 electoral votes 3 electoral votes 13 electoral votes 11 electoral votes 5 electoral votes 10 electoral votes 3 electoral votes The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12049309", "score": "1.0101357", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "electors\" have voted for other candidates or refrained from voting. A candidate must receive an absolute majority of electoral votes (currently 270) to win the presidency or the vice presidency. If no candidate receives a majority in the election for president or vice president, the election is determined via a contingency procedure established by the Twelfth Amendment. In such a situation, the House chooses one of the top three presidential electoral vote-winners as the president, while the Senate chooses one of the top two vice presidential electoral vote-winners as vice president. A state's number of electors equals the number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876792", "score": "1.0083157", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Electoral college", "text": "both houses), with the non-state District of Columbia receiving the number it would have if it were a state, but in no case more than that of the least populous state. The electors generally cast their votes for the winner of the popular vote in their respective states. However, there are several states where this is not required by law. In the United States, 270 electoral votes are currently required to win the presidential election. \"Colleges\" of electors play a role in elections in other countries, albeit with electors allocated in ways differing from the United States. In Germany, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "841750", "score": "1.0074089", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote", "text": "House of Representatives. The true national popular vote total was also uncertain in the 1960 election, and the plurality winner depends on how votes for Alabama electors are allocated. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in American history in which the popular vote mattered, as 18 states chose presidential electors by popular vote in 1824 (six states still left the choice up to their state legislatures). When the final votes were tallied in those 18 states, Andrew Jackson polled 152,901 popular votes to John Quincy Adams's 114,023; Henry Clay won 47,217, and William H. Crawford won 46,979. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18925805", "score": "1.0013247", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "1800 United States presidential election", "text": "electoral votes each. The counting of the votes would have failed to result in a majority of 70 votes for any of the four candidates, causing a constitutionally mandated Congressional runoff among the top five finishers. Instead, the total number of votes for Jefferson and Burr was 73, a majority of the total, but a tie between them. Jefferson—and Burr—won all or a majority of the voters in each state that he had won in 1796, and additionally won majorities in New York and Maryland. Adams picked up votes in Pennsylvania and North Carolina, but these votes were not enough", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "503440", "score": "1.0013028", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Electoral College (United States)", "text": "Each state chooses electors, equal in number to that state's combined total of senators and representatives. There are a total of 538 electors, corresponding to the 435 representatives and 100 senators, plus the three electors for the District of Columbia as provided by the Twenty-third Amendment. The Constitution bars any federal official, elected or appointed, from being an elector. The Office of the Federal Register is charged with administering the Electoral College. Since the mid-19th century when all electors have been popularly chosen, the Electoral College has elected the candidate who received the most popular votes nationwide, except in four", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Statewide opinion polling for Hillary Clinton for the 2008 United States presidential election", "text": "results... reflect an enormous gender gap: Clinton is narrowly the top choice of women with 36%, but only 18% of men pick her first.\" \"The lower map has been adjusted so that state size represents electoral strength. For details see . Map and totals updated on June 3, 2008.\" 9 electoral votes 3 electoral votes 10 electoral votes 6 electoral votes 55 electoral votes 9 electoral votes 7 electoral votes 3 electoral votes 27 electoral votes 15 electoral votes 4 electoral votes 4 electoral votes 21 electoral votes 11 electoral votes 7 electoral votes 6 electoral votes 8 electoral votes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12049308", "score": "0.9994186", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "resulted between Andrew Jackson and House Speaker Henry Clay, who had also been a candidate in the election. Since 1824, aside from the occasional \"faithless elector\", the popular vote determines the winner of a presidential election by determining the electoral vote, as each state or district's popular vote determines its electoral college vote. Although the nationwide popular vote does not directly determine the winner of a presidential election, it does strongly correlate with who is the victor. In 53 of the 58 total elections held so far (about 91 percent), the winner of the national popular vote has also carried", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13021463", "score": "0.9987112", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "the Electoral College vote. The winners of the nationwide popular vote and the Electoral College vote differ only in close elections. In highly competitive elections, candidates focus on turning out their vote in the contested swing states critical to winning an electoral college majority, so they do not try to maximize their popular vote by real or fraudulent vote increases in one-party areas. However, candidates can fail to get the most votes in the nationwide popular vote in a Presidential election and still win that election. In the 1824 election, Jackson won the popular vote, but no one received the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13021464", "score": "0.99514264", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "also assert that candidates in popular vote elections for governor and U.S. Senate, and for statewide allocation of electoral votes, do not ignore voters in less populated areas. In addition, it is already possible to win the required 270 electoral votes by winning only the 11 most populous states; what currently prevents such a result is the organic political diversity between those states (three reliably Republican states, four swing states, and four reliably Democratic states), not any inherent quality of the Electoral College itself. Elections where the winning candidate loses the national popular vote typically result when the winner builds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876841", "score": "0.9900657", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "who do not cast their electoral votes for the person whom they have pledged to elect. In early January, the total Electoral College vote count is opened by the sitting Vice President, acting in his capacity as President of the Senate, and read aloud to a joint session of the incoming Congress, which was elected at the same time as the President. If no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote (at least 270), the President is determined by the rules outlined by the 12th Amendment. Specifically, the selection of President would then be decided by a contingent election", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13021485", "score": "0.9853704", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries", "text": "328,309 votes and Obama 0 votes in the disputed Michigan primary. The popular vote is easiest to tally in primary elections, where a simple vote for a candidate is recorded. In caucuses, the \"popular vote\" is often interpreted as the number of supporters who vote for each candidate at the conclusion of precinct-level caucuses. The table uses the official \"popular vote\" reported in all primary states and in the caucus states of Alaska, American Samoa, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Hawaii, Wyoming, and Guam. Official numbers were not reported in the caucus states of Iowa, Nevada, Washington, and Maine.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11383868", "score": "0.98485553", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "National Popular Vote Interstate Compact", "text": "York as House Joint Resolution 681, it would have replaced the Electoral College with a simpler plurality system based on the national popular vote. Under this system, the pair of candidates who had received the highest number of votes would win the presidency and vice presidency respectively, providing they won at least 40% of the national popular vote. If no pair received 40% of the popular vote, a runoff election would be held, in which the choice of president and vice president would be made from the two pairs of persons who had received the highest numbers of votes in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7939337", "score": "0.9839913", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "votes could be found, even in \"safe\" states they are already expected to win, and in \"safe\" states they have no hope of winning. Educational YouTuber CGP Grey, who has produced several short videos criticizing the Electoral College, has illustrated how it is technically possible to win the necessary 270 electoral votes while winning only 22% of the overall popular vote, by winning the barest simple plurality of the 39 smallest states (excluding Washington and including New Jersey) and the District of Columbia. Though the current political geography of the United States makes such an election unlikely (it would require", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876844", "score": "0.98052907", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote", "text": "electoral college returns, however, gave Jackson only 99 votes, 32 fewer than he needed for a majority of the total votes cast. Adams won 84 electoral votes followed by 41 for Crawford, and 37 for Clay. All four candidates in the election identified with the Democratic-Republican Party. As no candidate secured the required number of votes (131 total) from the Electoral College, the election was decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Only the top three candidates in the electoral vote were admitted as candidates in this contingent election.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18925806", "score": "0.9775709", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "between the two candidates who received the largest number of electoral votes. In this election, each senator casts an individual vote. In both elections, an absolute majority is required to win: 26 of 50 individual states for president, and 51 of 100 senators for vice president. The District of Columbia would not participate in a contingent election for president or vice president as it is not a state. If no candidate for vice president receives an absolute majority of electoral votes, then the Senate must go into session to elect a vice president. The Senate is limited to choosing from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876818", "score": "0.97634876", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2012 United States presidential election", "text": "took place on Monday, November 5 in Washington, D.C. It was hosted by RT and moderated by Thom Hartmann and Christina Tobin. Popular vote totals are from the official Federal Election Commission report. The results of the electoral vote were certified by Congress on January 4, 2013. The table below displays the official vote tallies by each state's Electoral College voting method. The source for the results of all states, except those that amended their official results, is the official Federal Election Commission report. The column labeled \"Margin\" shows Obama's margin of victory over Romney (the margin is negative for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12657578", "score": "0.9749641", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "as the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress, while, per the Twenty-third Amendment ratified in 1961, Washington, D.C. casts the same number of electoral votes as the least-represented state, which is three. Also under Clause 2, the manner for choosing electors is determined by each state legislature, not directly by the federal government. Many state legislatures previously selected their electors directly, but over time all of them switched to using the popular vote to help determine electors, which persists today. Once chosen, electors generally cast their electoral votes for the candidate who won the plurality in their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13021453", "score": "0.9733089", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "United States Electoral College", "text": "nationally in the first week of January before a joint meeting of the Senate and House of Representatives. If a majority of votes are not cast for a candidate, the House resolves itself into a presidential election session with one presidential vote assigned to each of the fifty state delegations, excluding the District of Columbia. The elected president and vice president are inaugurated on January 20. While the electoral vote has given the same result as the popular vote in most elections, this has not been the case in a few elections, including the 2000 and 2016 elections. The Electoral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "876764", "score": "0.9730817", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election", "text": "2004) 7 electoral votes<br>(Democrat in 2000 & 2004) 21 electoral votes<br>(Democrat in 2000 & 2004) 4 electoral votes<br>(Democrat in 2000 & 2004) 8 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) 3 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) 11 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) 34 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) 5 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) 3 electoral votes<br>(Democrat in 2000 & 2004) 13 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) 11 electoral votes<br>(Democrat in 2000 & 2004) 5 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) 10 electoral votes<br>(Democrat in 2000 & 2004) 3 electoral votes<br>(Republican in 2000 & 2004) This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11571986", "score": "0.9725663", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2016 United States presidential election", "text": "of the national parties, candidates from the main parties carried out trips to the states: Florida - 72, Pennsylvania - 59, North Carolina - 52, Ohio - 43, Virginia - 25, Michigan - 24, Iowa - 23, New Hampshire - 22, Colorado - 19, Nevada - 16, Wisconsin - 15, Arizona - 10. Voter demographic data for 2016 were collected by Edison Research for the National Election Pool, a consortium of ABC News, CBS News, MSNBC, CNN, Fox News and the Associated Press. The voter survey is based on exit polls completed by 24,537 voters leaving 350 voting places throughout", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12989138", "score": "0.9708004", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Electoral College (India)", "text": "different electoral college, consisting of members (elected as well as nominated) of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The presidential electoral college is made up of the following: The value of votes cast by elected members of the state legislative assemblies and both houses of parliament are determined by the provisions of article 55(2) of the Constitution of India. The details of number of voters and votes for the presidential election are given below. Per the 84th Amendment, the 1971 census is used, and will continue to be used until 2026. The formula for determining the number of votes held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14653517", "score": "0.9705856", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "text": "several states had a different number of electors in the U.S. Electoral College in 2004 than in 2000, since the number of electors allotted to each state is equal to the sum of the number of Senators and Representatives from that state. The following table shows the change in electors from the 2000 election. Red states represent those won by Bush; and blue states, those won by both Gore and Kerry. All states except Nebraska and Maine use a winner-take-all allocation of electors. Each of these states was won by the same party in 2004 that had won it in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4302447", "score": "0.96993905", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "President of the United States", "text": "District of Columbia is entitled to the number it would have if it were a state, but in no case more than that of the least populous state. Currently, all states and D.C. select their electors based on a popular election held on Election Day. In all but two states, the party whose presidential-vice presidential ticket receives a plurality of popular votes in the state has its entire slate of elector nominees chosen as the state's electors. Maine and Nebraska deviate from this practice, awarding two electors to the statewide winner and one to the winner in each congressional district.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "322360", "score": "0.9686557", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "United States presidential election", "text": "the first presidential election in 1789, only six of the 13 original states chose electors by any form of popular vote. Gradually throughout the years, the states began conducting popular elections to choose their slate of electors. In 1800, only five of the 16 states chose electors by a popular vote; by 1824, after the rise of Jacksonian democracy, the proportion of states that chose electors by popular vote had sharply risen to 18 out of 24 states. This gradual movement toward greater democratization coincided with a gradual decrease in property restrictions for the franchise. By 1840, only one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13021459", "score": "0.9684762", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "1916 United States presidential election", "text": "large total vote was an indication of an aroused public interest in the campaign. It was larger in every section, notably in the East North Central section. Some of this was due to the extension of suffrage to women in individual states. In Illinois, for example, the total vote was one million greater than in 1912. It increased by more than two hundred and sixty thousand in Kansas, and in Montana, it more than doubled. Wilson's vote was 9,126,868, an increase of nearly three million. There was a gain in every section and in every state. Hughes, the nominee of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "504673", "score": "0.9680767", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "the end", "decomposers", "At the end" ]

[ { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "by amoeba, but unlike amoeba \"G. acuta\" never engulfs the fungus. Around 90% of land plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, where fungi gain sugars from plants and plants gain nutrients from the soil via the fungi. Some species of plant have evolved to manipulate this symbiosis, so that they no longer give fungi sugars that they produce and instead gain sugars from the fungi, a process called myco-heterotrophy. Some plants are only dependent on fungi as a source of sugars during the early stages of their development, these include most of the orchids as well as many ferns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169864", "score": "1.0349579", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "dead or damaged hyphae. The majority of our knowledge in this area relates to interactions between bacteria and fungi in the soil and in or around plants, little is known about interactions in marine and freshwater habitats, or those occurring on or inside animals. It is not known what affects bacterial mycophagy has on the fungal communities in nature. There are three mechanisms by which bacteria feed on fungi; they either kill fungal cells, cause them to secrete more material out of their cells or enter into the cells to feed internally and they are categorised according to these habits.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169857", "score": "1.0169512", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Soil biology", "text": "and starches, which are succeeded by those that are able to break down cellulose and lignins. Fungi spread underground by sending long thin threads known as mycelium throughout the soil; these threads can be observed throughout many soils and compost heaps. From the mycelia the fungi is able to throw up its fruiting bodies, the visible part above the soil (e.g., mushrooms, toadstools, and puffballs), which may contain millions of spores. When the fruiting body bursts, these spores are dispersed through the air to settle in fresh environments, and are able to lie dormant for up to years until the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7548473", "score": "1.0103272", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Agaricales", "text": "location for several years. Fungi cannot make their own food, namely carbohydrates, as can green plants. Some species are saprobic, obtaining nutrients from dead organic material, whereas others are parasitic on living plants or animals or even on other fungi. Many fungi, especially gilled mushroomes and boletes, have an extensive mycelium that lives in association with the roots of woody plants. This association, which is beneficial to both the fungus and host plant, is termed a mycorrhiza. When the environmental conditions are favorable and the mycelium is at the proper stage of development, one or more fruit bodies are produced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2042230", "score": "1.0082889", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "sources such as fruit and leaves and they are also distributed more sparsely and appear unpredictably, making them a challenging source of food for Goeldi’s monkeys. Fungi are renowned for their poisons to deter animals from feeding on them: even today humans die from eating poisonous fungi. A natural consequence of this is the virtual absence of obligate vertebrate fungivores, with the diprotodont family Potoridae being the major exception. One of the few extant vertebrate fungivores is the northern flying squirrel, but it is believed that in the past there were numerous vertebrate fungivores and that toxin development greatly lessened", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169849", "score": "1.0014685", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "rich in nitrogen and fungal hyphae. Juvenile snails raised on uninfected leaves do not grow and are more likely to die, indicating the importance of the fungi in the diet of \"L. irrorata\". Fungivore Fungivory or mycophagy is the process of organisms consuming fungi. Many different organisms have been recorded to gain their energy from consuming fungi, including birds, mammals, insects, plants, amoebas, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Some of these, which only eat fungi, are called fungivores whereas others eat fungi as only part of their diet, being omnivores. Many mammals eat fungi, but only a few feed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169874", "score": "1.0000415", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "is likely they also eat species of Agaricales and Pezizales but these have not been found in their droppings since they disintegrate when they are eaten. Emus (\"Dromaius novaehollandiae\") will eat immature \"Lycoperdon\" and \"Bovista\" fungi if presented to them as will brush turkeys (\"Alectura lathami\") if offered \"Mycena\", suggesting that species of Megapodiidae may feed opportunistically on mushrooms. Mycoparasitism occurs when any fungus feeds on other fungi, a form of parasitism, our knowledge of it in natural environments is very limited. \"Collybia\" grow on dead mushrooms. The fungal genus, \"Trichoderma\" produces enzymes such as chitinases which degrade the cell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169854", "score": "0.996032", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "Fungivore Fungivory or mycophagy is the process of organisms consuming fungi. Many different organisms have been recorded to gain their energy from consuming fungi, including birds, mammals, insects, plants, amoebas, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Some of these, which only eat fungi, are called fungivores whereas others eat fungi as only part of their diet, being omnivores. Many mammals eat fungi, but only a few feed exclusively on fungi; most are opportunistic feeders and fungi only make up part of their diet. At least 22 species of primate, including humans, bonobos, colobines, gorillas, lemurs, macaques, mangabeys, marmosets and vervet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169847", "score": "0.99054873", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425019", "score": "0.9902217", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Soil food web", "text": "In above ground food webs, energy moves from producers (plants) to primary consumers (herbivores) and then to secondary consumers (predators). The phrase, trophic level, refers to the different levels or steps in the energy pathway. In other words, the producers, consumers, and decomposers are the main trophic levels. This chain of energy transferring from one species to another can continue several more times, but eventually ends. At the end of the food chain, decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead plant and animal material into simple nutrients.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "the Greek μύκης \"mykes\", mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants. Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425018", "score": "0.98410344", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "Fungus A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plants and animals. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Similar to animals, fungi are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesise. Growth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425016", "score": "0.9771428", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "mushrooms, representing a previously undiscovered feeding strategy in ants. Several beetle families, including the Erotylidae, Endomychidae, and certain Tenebrionidae also are specialists on fungi, though they may eat other foods occasionally. Other insects, like fungus gnats and scuttle flies, utilize fungi at their larval stage. Feeding on fungi is crucial for dead wood eaters as this is the only way to acquire nutrients not available in nutritionally scarce dead wood. Jays (\"Perisoreus\") are believed to be the first birds in which mycophagy was recorded. Canada jays (\"P. canadensis\"), Siberian jays (\"P. infaustus\") and Oregon jays (\"P. obscurus\") have all been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169852", "score": "0.9759699", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "at the same time that the first workers emerge from newly formed nests. The mushrooms produce spores that are wind dispersed, and through this method, new colonies acquire a fungal strain. In some species, the genetic variation of the fungus is very low, suggesting that spores of the fungus are transmitted vertically from nest to nest, rather than from wind dispersed spores. Around 220 described species, and more undescribed species of ants in the tribe Attini cultivate fungi. They are only found in the New World and are thought to have evolved in the Amazon Rainforest, where they are most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169871", "score": "0.97550374", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "particularly susceptible to disease by genera such as \"Aspergillus\", \"Candida\", \"Cryptoccocus\", \"Histoplasma\", and \"Pneumocystis\". Other fungi can attack eyes, nails, hair, and especially skin, the so-called dermatophytic and keratinophilic fungi, and cause local infections such as ringworm and athlete's foot. Fungal spores are also a cause of allergies, and fungi from different taxonomic groups can evoke allergic reactions. The organisms which parasitize fungi are known as mycoparasitic organisms. Certain species of the genus \"Pythium\", which are oomycetes, have potential as biocontrol agents against certain fungi. Fungi can also act as mycoparasites or antagonists of other fungi, such as \"Hypomyces chrysospermus\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425079", "score": "0.96377325", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "diverse today. For these ants, farmed fungi are the only source of food on which their larvae are raised on and are also an important food for adults. Queen ants carry a small part of fungus in small pouches in their mouthparts when they leave the nest to mate, allowing them to establish a new fungus garden when they form a new nest. Different lineages cultivate fungi on different substrates, those that evolved earlier do so on a wide range of plant matter, whereas leaf cutter ants are more selective, mainly using only fresh leaves and flowers. The fungi are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169872", "score": "0.9621191", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "monkeys are known to feed on fungi. Most of these species spend less than 5% of the time they spend feeding eating fungi, and fungi therefore form only a small part of their diet. Some species spend longer foraging for fungi, and fungi account for a greater part of their diet; buffy-tufted marmosets spend up to 12% of their time consuming sporocarps, Goeldi’s monkeys spend up to 63% of their time doing so and the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey spends up to 95% of its feeding time eating lichens. Fungi are comparatively very rare in tropical rainforests compared to other food", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169848", "score": "0.95991147", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "by plants. Many of the plant and fungal enzymes that make these compounds differ from each other in sequence and other characteristics, which indicates separate origins and convergent evolution of these enzymes in the fungi and plants. Fungi have a worldwide distribution, and grow in a wide range of habitats, including extreme environments such as deserts or areas with high salt concentrations or ionizing radiation, as well as in deep sea sediments. Some can survive the intense UV and cosmic radiation encountered during space travel. Most grow in terrestrial environments, though several species live partly or solely in aquatic habitats,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425026", "score": "0.959198", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "recorded to eat mushrooms, with the stomachs of Siberian jays containing mostly fungi in the early winter. The ascomycete, \"Phaeangium lefebvrei\" found in north Africa and the Middle East is eaten by migrating birds in winter and early spring, mainly be species of lark (Alaudidae). Bedouin hunters have been reported to use \"P. lefebvrei\" as bait in traps to attract birds. Fungi are known to form an important part of the diet of the southern cassowary (\"Casuarius casuarius\") of Australia. Bracket fungi have been found in their droppings throughout the year, and Simpson in the \"Australasian Mycological Newsletter\" suggested it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169853", "score": "0.95646834", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "mycorrhizal fungi, they may benefit, because the fungi gain nutrition from the plant and in turn the fungi will secrete more sugars. The third group, that enter into living fungal cells are called endocellular biotrophs. Some of these are transmitted vertically whereas others are able to actively invade and subvert fungal cells. The molecular interactions involved in these interactions are mostly unknown. Many endocellular biotrophs, for example some \"Burkholderia\" species, belong to the β-proteobacteria which also contains species which live inside the cells of mammals and amoeba. Some of them, for example \"Candidatus\" Glomeribacter gigasporarum, which colonises the spores of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169861", "score": "0.95538956", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "have been proposed; they may either degrade fungal biomass, particularly the fungal hyphae which penetrate plant cells in a similar manner to in arbuscular mycorrhizae, or absorb sugars from the fungi by disrupting their cell membranes, through mass flow. To prevent the sugars returning to the fungi, they must compartmentalise the sugars or convert them into forms which the fungi cannot use. Three insect lineages, the beetles, ants and termites, independently evolved the ability to farm fungi between 40 and 60 million years ago. In a similar way to the way that human societies became more complex after the development", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169867", "score": "0.95485544", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "are mainly immobile, and have similarities in general morphology and growth habitat. Like plants, fungi often grow in soil and, in the case of mushrooms, form conspicuous fruit bodies, which sometimes resemble plants such as mosses. The fungi are now considered a separate kingdom, distinct from both plants and animals, from which they appear to have diverged around one billion years ago (around the start of the Neoproterozoic Era). Some morphological, biochemical, and genetic features are shared with other organisms, while others are unique to the fungi, clearly separating them from the other kingdoms: Shared features: Unique features: Most fungi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425024", "score": "0.9547766", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Fungal behavior", "text": "Fungal behavior Fungi are capable of a variety of behaviors. Nearly all secrete chemicals, and some of these chemicals act as pheromones to communicate with other individuals. Many of the most dramatic examples involve mechanisms to get fungal spores dispersed to new environments. In mushrooms, spores are propelled into the air space between the gills, where they are free to fall down and can then be carried by air currents. Other fungi shoot spores aimed at openings in their surroundings, sometimes reaching distances over a meter. Fungi such as Phycomyces blakesleeanus employ a variety of sensory mechanisms to avoid obstacles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14254744", "score": "0.94783443", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "opisthokonts—a grouping of evolutionarily related organisms broadly characterized by a single posterior flagellum—all phyla except for the chytrids have lost their posterior flagella. Fungi are unusual among the eukaryotes in having a cell wall that, in addition to glucans (e.g., β-1,3-glucan) and other typical components, also contains the biopolymer chitin. Fungal mycelia can become visible to the naked eye, for example, on various surfaces and substrates, such as damp walls and spoiled food, where they are commonly called molds. Mycelia grown on solid agar media in laboratory petri dishes are usually referred to as colonies. These colonies can exhibit growth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425035", "score": "0.94709814", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "the bread mold \"Neurospora crassa\" to test their biochemical theories. Other important model fungi are \"Aspergillus nidulans\" and the yeasts \"Saccharomyces cerevisiae\" and \"Schizosaccharomyces pombe\", each of which with a long history of use to investigate issues in eukaryotic cell biology and genetics, such as cell cycle regulation, chromatin structure, and gene regulation. Other fungal models have more recently emerged that address specific biological questions relevant to medicine, plant pathology, and industrial uses; examples include \"Candida albicans\", a dimorphic, opportunistic human pathogen, \"Magnaporthe grisea\", a plant pathogen, and \"Pichia pastoris\", a yeast widely used for eukaryotic protein production. Fungi are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425098", "score": "0.9456995", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "obtained largely from airborne sources, and greater tolerance of desiccation than most other photosynthetic organisms in the same habitat. Many insects also engage in mutualistic relationships with fungi. Several groups of ants cultivate fungi in the order Agaricales as their primary food source, while ambrosia beetles cultivate various species of fungi in the bark of trees that they infest. Likewise, females of several wood wasp species (genus \"Sirex\") inject their eggs together with spores of the wood-rotting fungus \"Amylostereum areolatum\" into the sapwood of pine trees; the growth of the fungus provides ideal nutritional conditions for the development of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425075", "score": "0.9456358", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Fungivore", "text": "Those that kill fungal cells are called nectrotrophs, the molecular mechanisms of this feeding are thought to overlap considerably with bacteria that feed on fungi after they have died naturally. Necrotrophs may kill the fungi through digesting their cell wall or by producing toxins which kill fungi, such as tolaasin produced by \"Pseudomonas tolaasii\". Both of these mechanisms may be required since fungal cell walls are highly complex, so require many different enzymes to degarde them, and because experiments demonstrate that bacteria that produce toxins cannot always infect fungi. It is likely that these two systems act synergistically, with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12169858", "score": "0.94496495", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Fungus", "text": "branch of biology concerned with the systematic study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy, and their use to humans as a source of medicine, food, and psychotropic substances consumed for religious purposes, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection. The field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, is closely related because many plant pathogens are fungi. The use of fungi by humans dates back to prehistory; Ötzi the Iceman, a well-preserved mummy of a 5,300-year-old Neolithic man found frozen in the Austrian Alps, carried two species of polypore mushrooms that may have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12425029", "score": "0.944702", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Human interactions with fungi", "text": "the mouth, throat, and genital tract, and more seriously of the blood. Ringworm is a skin infection that infects some 20% of the human population; it is caused by some 40 different fungi. Human interactions with fungi Human interactions with fungi include both beneficial uses, whether practical or symbolic, and harmful interactions such as when fungi damage crops, timber, or food. Yeasts have been used since ancient times to leaven bread and to ferment beer and wine. More recently, mould fungi have been exploited to create a wide range of industrial products, including enzymes and drugs. Medicines based on fungi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19632275", "score": "0.9442805", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Marine fungi", "text": "plants or saprobic on dead wood. Factors that influence whether or not marine fungi are present in any particular location include the water temperature, its salinity, the water movement, the presence of suitable substrates for colonization, the presence of propagules in the water, interspecific competition, pollution and the oxygen content of the water. Some marine fungi which have ventured into the sea from terrestrial habitats include species that burrow into sand grains, living in the pores. Others live inside stony corals, and may become pathogenic if the coral is stressed by rising sea temperatures. In 2011 the phylogeny of marine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16277064", "score": "0.94027174", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Robert Gillespie Adamson IV" ]

[ { "title": "Noah Newman", "text": "Noah Newman Noah Newman is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". He is the only son of the supercouple pairing of Nicholas Newman and Sharon Collins. Born onscreen in 1997, the character was first portrayed by a wide range of child actors before being rapidly aged. Kevin Schmidt was the first actor to play Noah after being aged, appearing from 2008 to September 2010 when the role was recast with Luke Kleintank before being let go in April 2011 with Schmidt being rehired. Schmidt was again let go in 2012, replaced by Robert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8935302", "score": "1.3406156", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Noah Newman", "text": "of 2012.\" Adamson was also listed as the Best Male Newcomer of 2012 by \"On-Air On-Soaps\"; \"Noah’s come and Noah’s go, we think this one will stick! Handsome, charming and he can act\" said Michael Fairman. Noah Newman Noah Newman is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". He is the only son of the supercouple pairing of Nicholas Newman and Sharon Collins. Born onscreen in 1997, the character was first portrayed by a wide range of child actors before being rapidly aged. Kevin Schmidt was the first actor to play Noah after being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8935325", "score": "1.3022587", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Chase Ellison", "text": "Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green\", which then led to a major supporting role in Gregg Araki's \"Mysterious Skin\", a guest role in an episode of \"Six Feet Under\", and a semi regular role as Noah Newman, the son of Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow) and Sharon Newman (Sharon Case) on soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" in 2005. His role in \"Mysterious Skin\" (2004) was as the 8-year-old version of the character played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt, one of the film's leads. In this film, he plays one of two boys who are groomed into a sexual relationship by a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012906", "score": "1.2962704", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Chris Engen (actor)", "text": "Chris Engen (actor) Chris Engen (born October 25, 1979) is an American actor known for his portrayal of Adam Newman on the daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". Born in Apple Valley, California, Engen is also a writer and a musician. He graduated from Bishop Montgomery High School in 1997. Engen has guest-starred in various television programs. He was a recurring character in \"Saints & Sinners\", \"\" and \"Felicity\". He began appearing as Adam Newman on \"The Young and the Restless\" on February 12, 2008. Engen abruptly left his role on \"The Young and the Restless\" in mid-May", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11457331", "score": "1.2777383", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (2012)", "text": "Noah Newman (Robert Adamson). He later questions Noah about his ex-girlfriend from New York City, Adriana Stone (Jhoanna Flores). Adriana had previously sent Noah a duffel bag full of cash money in the mail, and told him to \"keep it safe\". Kevin and his wife Chloe Mitchell (Elizabeth Hendrickson), struggling with financial issues, overheard about the missing money and decided to break into Noah's home and steal it. Alex kept pressuring Noah about telling the truth, revealing that Adriana is in fact his younger sister. Adriana later stole the money back but was stopped by Alex, who took the money", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16215417", "score": "1.2683392", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (2013)", "text": "her casting was confirmed in December 2012 by co-star Robert Adamson, who portrays Noah Newman, on Twitter. He welcomed her to the soap opera, saying that he'll \"keep it under wraps for now who she’s playing. But she’s doing a great job.\" \"CBS Soaps In Depth\" later announced that Flores would portray Noah's ex-girlfriend, Adriana. Previously, \"Soap Opera Network\"s Errol Lewis reported that Flores \"has joined the cast in an as yet to be determined role.\" Flores described her character in an interview, saying \"she's bad news\" and a \"feisty seductress who has her own ideas about what is legal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16974063", "score": "1.2163602", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (2015)", "text": "casting was announced on August 10, 2015. The actor had previously appeared on the series in a bit part of a priest assisting Nikki Newman (Melody Thomas Scott) with locating her long lost son, Dylan McAvoy (Steve Burton). In 2015, Villanueva was cast in the newly created role of Luca Santori and is revealed to be the estranged husband of Marisa Sierras (Sofia Pernas), the girlfriend of Noah Newman (Robert Adamson). Luca would later grant Marisa a divorce so that she could pursue a serious romantic relationship with Noah. Luca was also briefly engaged to Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18490310", "score": "1.1973411", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Sharon Newman", "text": "more complex characters on \"The Young and the Restless\". Sharon has been romantically linked to her high-school sweetheart, Nicholas \"Nick\" Newman (Joshua Morrow), since her debut on the series. As teenagers they dream of eloping, and face their first hurdle when Sharon's ex-boyfriend Matt Clark (Eddie Cibrian) exposes Sharon's teenage motherhood (when she gave her baby, fathered by her former boyfriend in Madison, Wisconsin, up for adoption). Nick, believing Sharon is a virgin, briefly breaks up with her but they reunite. With Matt behind them, they marry in February 1996 and have their first child—Noah (Robert Adamson)—in 1997, the year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8146462", "score": "1.1922101", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Nathan Hastings", "text": "Nathan Hastings Nathan Hastings is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". The role was originated in 1984 by Nathan Purdee, who portrayed the character until 1992. The character was subsequently portrayed by Randy Brooks (1992-1994), and was later de-aged, as evidenced by later portrayal by Adam Lazarre-White (1994-1996), who was nineteen years younger than both Purdee and Brooks. Nathan Oliver Hastings was born in Genoa City to Oliver and Loretta Hastings, an electrician and housewife, respectively. Nathan grew up with learning problems and, as a result, performed badly in school and could not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12906353", "score": "1.1872144", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Robert Adamson (actor)", "text": "Robert Gillespie Adamson IV (born July 11, 1985) is an American actor. He has portrayed the roles of Phil Sanders on the television series Hollywood Heights and Charles Antoni on Lincoln Heights. He currently stars as Noah Newman on The Young and the Restless.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Adam Newman", "text": "In August, it was announced that Hartley had been cast as Adam, due to begin taping in September; he first aired on November 5, 2014. Upon the news of his casting, the actor told \"TV Guide\": \"I'm so pumped about joining \"Y&R\" — I watch it all the time and can't wait to get in there and get my hands dirty!\" In 2016, it was announced that Hartley had been cast in a regular role on the NBC drama series \"This Is Us\", which was picked up by the network, placing his future with \"The Young and the Restless\" into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12289357", "score": "1.1853514", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Lindsay Bushman", "text": "in the role of the Summer Newman in \"The Young and the Restless\". Bushman made her first appearance on June 8, 2012 on a recurring basis. Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada announced the news of Bushman's departure in his magazine, \"Soap Opera Uncensored\" in September 2012. Bushman had a small bit role on \"General Hospital\" as a young Kate Howard in a flashback. Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads. Lindsay Bushman Lindsay Bushman (born May 3, 1994) is an American actress who is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17208698", "score": "1.1811395", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Noah Newman", "text": "eventually begins dating Summer's best friend, Courtney Sloan, as he settles into his new job working for Victor. Noah is uneasy when Victor hires Kyle Abbott (Hartley Sawyer). Michael Fairman of \"On-Air On-Soaps\" applauded Luke Kleintank's casting describing the actor as a \"younger Joshua Morrow-type.\" Fairman said that Kleintank would bring a very different vibe compared to Kevin Schmidt's portrayal. Upon Kleintank's departure, he encouraged Schmidt on his return and said \"Kevin should do great.\" Schmidt was very upset following his 2012 ousting and even sent a direct message to \"Y&R's\" Twitter page saying, \"How many times you gonna try", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8935321", "score": "1.1637238", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Noah Newman", "text": "decisions in life. With the casting of Schmidt as Noah, the character develops into a catalyst for bigger storylines. Noah begins to take more of an interest in what his parents and stepparents are doing. When Schimdt was cast, he told \"Soap Opera Digest\" that although his television parents (Joshua Morrow and Sharon Case) are relatively young, \"Joshua has kids of his own and Sharon definitely has a maternal instinct, so we play well off of each other.\" He said that he was excited Noah is \"back from camp and ready to do things on his own\". Schmidt noted \"the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8935308", "score": "1.1632404", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Drew Garrett", "text": "\"The Young & The Restless\" as a recast Noah Newman. These rumors began after the character's most recent portrayer Kevin Schmidt left the role. These rumors were later revealed to be false. In 2011, Garrett took a guest-star role on the prime-time CBS series \"The Mentalist\" with Simon Baker. He also landed a role in his first feature film, \"Divorce Invitation\", starring Elliott Gould and Jamie-Lynn Sigler. Then in 2012, Garrett starred in the premiere episode of Anthony Zuiker's new series \"Black Box TV\". Garrett was offered the role of Jesse Simms in the web series \"Never Fade Away\". He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13142644", "score": "1.1557163", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Michael Muhney", "text": "Michael Muhney Michael Muhney (born June 12, 1975) is an American actor. His best known roles include Sheriff Don Lamb on the UPN/The CW television series \"Veronica Mars\" between 2004 and 2007 and Adam Newman on the CBS daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" from 2009 to 2014. Muhney was born in Chicago and raised in Euless, Texas from the age of eight. When he was 16 years old, he won the state championship for his One-Act play performance while attending Trinity High School. He moved back to Chicago where he earned a bachelor's degree from The Theatre", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8241571", "score": "1.1485672", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "James Kerwin", "text": "portrayed Summer Newman on The Young and the Restless. James Kerwin James Kerwin, (born October 13, 1973 in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American film writer/director and theatre director. Kerwin, who attended Parkway Central High School in Chesterfield, Missouri, has been noted for his Shakespearean adaptations of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"Cardenio\" and \"Venus and Adonis\". In 2003 he staged Amber Benson's play \"Albert Hall\" in Los Angeles, California. In the early 2000s he was a frequent guest director for Daniel Henning and Noah Wyle's Blank Theatre Company and for Travis Schuldt's Lone Star Ensemble. Other projects include the \"sci-fi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5675897", "score": "1.1477149", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Adam Newman", "text": "Adam Newman Adam Newman is a fictional character from \"The Young and the Restless\", a soap opera on the CBS network. Adam was created by William J. Bell as the son of Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) and Hope Wilson (Signy Coleman) and was introduced April 24, 1995. Adam left town two years after his birth and was raised in Kansas by his mother, and grew up without knowing that Victor was his father. In 2008, Chris Engen began portraying Adam as an adult. After a year in the role, Engen announced his exit from \"The Young and the Restless\" because", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12289352", "score": "1.1456432", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sharon Newman", "text": "Sharon Newman Sharon Newman is a fictional character from \"The Young and the Restless\", an American soap opera on the CBS network, currently portrayed by Sharon Case. Created by William J. Bell as a love interest for Nicholas Newman, the character debuted on March 24, 1994. Before Case took over in September 1994, the character was portrayed briefly by Monica Potter and then by Heidi Mark. When first introduced, Sharon was a young girl from the poor side of town. Nick and Sharon married, had a son named Noah, and later won custody of Cassie, the child a teenaged Sharon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8146452", "score": "1.142854", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Abby Newman", "text": "Abby Newman Abby Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". The character was introduced on November 13, 2000, as the daughter of Ashley Abbott (Eileen Davidson) and Victor Newman (Eric Braeden). The role was portrayed by Darcy Rose Byrnes as a child until 2008, when the character was rapidly aged to a teenager, with Hayley Erin assuming the role the following year. In 2010, the character was rapidly aged again to an adult, with Marcy Rylan cast as Erin's replacement. Rylan was let go in 2012 due to budgetary cuts, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8731928", "score": "1.1375542", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Kelly Andrews (The Young and the Restless)", "text": "in the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Concerning news of Cady McClain's casting in the role, Michael Fairman remarked, \"Enter the talented and ever popular, McClain!\" Recounting her time with Watros, co-star Amelia Heinle, who portrays Victoria Newman, remarked: \"I love Cynthia Watros! She has been doing such a great job. I did not realize how great she is, but she is really good. She is my kind of actress, and she would have been a great cast member to add to the show.\" She also spoke about the incoming of McClain in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17985205", "score": "1.1368791", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Luke Kleintank", "text": "first daytime role, debuting as Noah Newman in \"The Young and the Restless\" on September 21, 2010. He left the role after less than six months to play Chris on \"No Ordinary Family\". In 2011, Kleintank joined the cast of the Fox series \"Bones\" as Finn Abernathy. From 2013 to 2014, he portrayed the recurring character of Travis in the ABC Family teen drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\". He played Tyler Harne in the 2015 film \"Max\". From 2015 to 2018, Kleintank played Nazi agent Joe Blake in the Amazon series \"The Man in the High Castle\". Kleintank will star", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14821706", "score": "1.1351916", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Victor Newman", "text": "\"The Young and the Restless\" in 1980 for a mini-stint as a baddy, but stayed on to change the game in Genoa City forever, becoming one of daytime's most recognizable forces on and off screen.\" In 2010, Global News wrote that, \"From the early days of \"The Young and the Restless\", Victor Newman has been a symbol of power in Genoa City.\" Braeden's biography at \"Yahoo!\" notes that upon his casting as the ruthless businessman Victor, he \"clicked with both the audience and the creative powers, and has been one of the series leading men for close to two decades\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8109247", "score": "1.1303972", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Young and the Restless characters (2017)", "text": "service but was dropped when she lied about using Mariah's words from a journal to create a new song. Tessa was subsequently hired as Devon's assistant. Zack Stinnet, portrayed by Ryan Ashton, was introduced as a love interest for Abby Newman (Melissa Ordway). The casting was announced in April 2017 and Ashton made his debut on May 18. Zack dated Abby Newman while she helped finance his dating app Design Date through her incubator project. It was eventually revealed that the site was a front to a sex trafficking ring. Zack was killed after being shot by Crystal, one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19939244", "score": "1.1255106", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sam Gibson (The Young and the Restless)", "text": "as a love interest for Sharon Newman (Sharon Case) while she was on the run, after being sentenced un-rightfully for the murder of Skye Newman (Laura Stone). Daytime Confidential revealed that he who would enter Sharon's \"orbit\". \"On-Air On-Soaps\" described him as a \"salt of the earth\" veterinarian who would be paired with \"non other\" than the \"troubled\" Sharon, who is a regular and one of the show's longest-running cast members. \"TV Guide\"s Michael Logan noted that Flanery wouldn't end up playing \"yet another rich, Genoa City power-schemer\" but he would be playing \"rather a salt o' the earth country", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16951507", "score": "1.1184037", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Hayley Erin", "text": "Erin has guest starred on \"The District\", \"Emily's Reasons Why Not\", \"Two and a Half Men\", \"Modern Family\", \"Austin & Ally\" and \"NCIS\". Darcy Rose Byrnes' run as Abby Newman on both \"The Young and the Restless\" and \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" came to an end in June 2008 when Noah Newman was aged to a teenager, and Abby's character was soon to follow. In December 2008, it was announced that Erin had been cast to portray a teenaged version of the character. In March 2010, it was announced that the character had been rapidly aged again to an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12946522", "score": "1.1168542", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ronan Malloy", "text": "be Ronan's brother) and Marcy Rylan, who plays Abby Newman on \"The Young and the Restless\". A first look photo of Branson on set of the series was released by Soap Opera Network on June 14, 2010. Branson made his debut on June 22. He departed in February 2011, however it was later announced that Branson was to return on August 2, 2011. However, by that December it was confirmed that Branson was again to leave \"The Young and the Restless\", departing on February 7, 2012. In May 2012, it was announced that Branson would be returning as Ronan on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14819020", "score": "1.114527", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The D'Ambrosio Twins", "text": "with video, commercial and film director Paul Boyd to look great. The D'Ambrosio Twins released a video and single for “Young And Free\" on June 1 and was directed by Paul Boyd. The song was co-written by Marko DeSantis of the band Sugarcult and features musical.ly sensation, Hayden Summerall. The video was premiered on Celebmix. The D'Ambrosio Twins Bianca D'Ambrosio and Chiara D'Ambrosio (born April 28, 2005), also known collectively as the D'Ambrosio Twins, are American child actresses and musicians. The twins made their acting debut playing Summer Newman on the soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". At the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19828005", "score": "1.110089", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Robert Newman (actor)", "text": "characters were in the final scene of the show, reciting the final lines of dialogue to each other. During his collective run on the show, Newman was also paired with other actresses, including Michelle Forbes (Sonni), Beth Ehlers (Harley), Marcy Walker (Tangie), Cynthia Watros (Annie), Crystal Chappell (Olivia), and Nicole Forester (Cassie). In addition to his role on \"Guiding Light\", Newman also played the characters of Prescott Harrell on \"General Hospital\", and Kirk Cranston replacing Joseph Bottoms, on \"Santa Barbara\" in 1986. Newman has been nominated for four \"Soap Opera Digest\" awards for his role as Josh Lewis. He has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4371416", "score": "1.1064286", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Hayley Erin", "text": "Hayley Erin Hayley Erin (born July 13, 1994) is an American actress. She is known for playing the teenage Abby Newman on \"The Young and the Restless\". She has portrayed Kiki Jerome on \"General Hospital\" from 2015 to 2018. Erin born as Hayley Erin Feil on July 13, 1994 in Los Angeles, California, U.S. Erin's first acting role was in 2004 when she guest starred on an episode of \"Malcolm in the Middle\". She was also seen on the FOX sketch show \"MADtv\" in eight sketches—Celebrity Quarters and a fake movie trailer for \"It's A Small World\" as Dakota Fanning.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12946521", "score": "1.1043199", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "1976" ]

[ { "title": "Botswana", "text": "of Botswana serves as a central bank. The country's currency is the Botswana pula. Botswana's competitive banking system is one of Africa's most advanced. Generally adhering to global standards in the transparency of financial policies and banking supervision, the financial sector provides ample access to credit for entrepreneurs. The Capital Bank opened in 2008. , there are a dozen licensed banks in the country. The government is involved in banking through state-owned financial institutions and a special financial incentives program that is aimed at increasing Botswana's status as a financial centre. Credit is allocated on market terms, although the government", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "36898", "score": "1.1982522", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Botswana pula", "text": "series of notes was introduced on 23 August 2009 and contains for the first time, a 200-pula banknote. In response to the concern of the poor quality of the paper of the 10 pula banknote, the Bank of Botswana revealed a 10 pula banknote in polymer in November 2017 and was issued to the public on February 1, 2018. Due to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe in 2006 to 2008, the government has allowed circulation of foreign currency since September 2008. Local currency became obsolete on April 12, 2009. Several currencies, including the South African rand and Botswana pula circulate in Zimbabwe,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2850405", "score": "1.1526947", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Zambian kwacha", "text": "3, 6 pence, and 1, 2, 2½, and 5 shillings. After independence, the Bank of Zambia issued the first Zambian currency, the Zambian pound, in 1964. The issued paper bills and coins were of similar denominations as these used before independence, except for the 10 pounds note, which was never issued by the Bank of Zambia. A new design to depict the newly independent country's history and struggle was adopted. The two currencies - the Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound and the Zambian pound, were allowed to circulate in parallel until December 15, 1965, when the South Rhodesian pound bills and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "676906", "score": "1.1238784", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Common Monetary Area", "text": "Lesotho, and Swaziland. In that year Swaziland and Lesotho stablished their own national currencies, now called the lilageni and the loti, respectively. In 1980 Lesotho established its own central bank and began issuing its national currency at a one to one rate to the rand. In 1989 the CMA changed its exchange restrictions because of some limitations in the conversion of balances consequence of the termination of the agreement of one party. The CMA was replaced by the present Multilateral Monetary Area (MMA) in February 1992, when Namibia formally joined the monetary union. In 1993 Namibia issued its own currency,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6715063", "score": "1.117507", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Economy of Botswana", "text": "Economy of Botswana Since gaining independence, Botswana has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies, averaging about 5% per annum over the past decade. Growth in private sector employment averaged about 10% per annum during the first 30 years of the country's independence. After a period of stagnation at the turn of the 21st century, the economy of Botswana resumed registering strong levels of growth, with GDP growth exceeding 6-7% targets. Botswana has been praised by the African Development Bank for sustaining one of the world's longest economic booms. Economic growth since the late 1960s has been on par", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "37356", "score": "1.0973606", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Lesotho loti", "text": "Lesotho loti The Loti (plural: maLoti) is the currency of the Kingdom of Lesotho. It is subdivided into 100 \"Lisente\" (sg. \"Sente\"). It is pegged to the South African rand on a 1:1 basis through the Common Monetary Area, and both are accepted as legal tender within Lesotho. The loti was first issued in 1966, albeit as a non-circulating currency. In 1980, Lesotho issued its first coins denominated in both loti and lisente (dated 1979) to replace the South African Rand, but the Rand remains legal tender. The name derives from the Sesotho \"loti\", \"mountain,\" while \"sente\" is from English", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4401679", "score": "1.0921679", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Economy of Lesotho", "text": "Swaziland, Namibia, and South Africa also form a common currency and exchange control area known as the Rand Monetary Area that uses the South African rand as the common currency. In 1980, Lesotho introduced its own currency, the loti (plural: maloti). One hundred lisente equal one loti. The Loti is at par with the rand. Until the political insecurity in September 1998, Lesotho's economy had grown steadily since 1992. The riots, however, destroyed nearly 80% of commercial infrastructure in Maseru and two other major towns in the country, having a disastrous effect on the country's economy. Nonetheless, the country has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "238286", "score": "1.0889022", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "South African pound", "text": "script. From 1921, the South African Reserve Bank took over the issuance of paper money, introducing notes for 10 shillings, 1, 5, 20 and 100 pounds. 20 pound notes were last issued in 1933, with 10 pound notes added in 1943. All banknotes were bilingual in English and Afrikaans. From 1948, two variants of each note were issued, one with English written first and the other with Afrikaans written first. South African pound The pound (symbol £) was the currency of the Union of South Africa from the creation of the country as a British Dominion in 1910. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6608456", "score": "1.0870554", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Lesotho loti", "text": "\"cent.\" In 1980, coins dated 1979 were introduced in denominations of 1 sente, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 lisente and 1 loti. In 1996, 2 and 5 maloti coins were introduced, followed by 20 lisente in 1998. Coins in circulation are: In January 1980, banknotes dated 1979 (the last two digits of the year of issue are the serial number prefix denominator) were introduced in denominations of 2, 5 and 10 maloti. 20 and 50 maloti notes were added in 1981, followed by 100 and 200 maloti in 1994. On 1 March 2011, at a celebration marking its 30th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4401680", "score": "1.0862467", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Botswana pula", "text": "The pula was introduced in 1976, replacing the South African rand at par. Despite a 12% devaluation in May 2005, the pula remains one of the strongest currencies in Africa.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "South African rand", "text": "where most of South Africa's gold deposits were found. The Rand was introduced in the-then Union of South Africa on 14 February 1961, three months before the Republic of South Africa was established. A Decimal Coinage Commission had been set up in 1956 to consider a move away from the denominations of pounds, shillings, and pence, submitting its recommendation on 8 August 1958. It replaced the South African pound as legal tender, at the rate of 2 Rand to 1 pound, or 10 shillings to the Rand. The government introduced a mascot, Decimal Dan, \"the Rand-cent man\" (known in Afrikaans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2035112", "score": "1.0847361", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Constitution of Botswana", "text": "Constitution of Botswana The present Constitution of Botswana commenced on September 30, 1966. Before colonial rule was established in Botswana, a traditional constitution - a body of laws known as \"molao\" - was used by tribal chiefs, or diKgosi, of the Botswana people. During the early years of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, some non-Botswana also came to be ruled by these laws. Protectorate administrators kept elements, though not all, of this traditional constitution; much of it has lapsed today. In 1959, a Constitutional Committee of the Joint Advisory Council drew up the Protectorate's first formal constitution, which came into operation in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11112040", "score": "1.0812206", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "South African pound", "text": "The pound at that time was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The pound sterling became the standard currency of the Cape of Good Hope colony in 1825 following an imperial order-in-council that was issued for the purpose of introducing the sterling coinage into all the British colonies. British coins then replaced the Dutch currency. Before a unified South Africa, many authorities issued coins and banknotes in their own pound, equivalent to sterling. The Transvaal Republic, the Boer state that in 1902 was to become Transvaal Colony, issued notes from 1867 to 1902 and coins from 1892 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6608449", "score": "1.0790854", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Botswana pula", "text": "along with the Zimbabwean Bond Coins. The word \"Pula\" also serves as part of the national motto of the Kingdom of Lesotho. As in Botswana, it means \"rain\" in the Sotho language and is considered a synonym for blessing. The Botswana Pula became widely known internationally through numerous references in the \"No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency\" by Alexander McCall Smith, making it possible for readers worldwide to get an idea of the Pula's purchasing power. Botswana pula The pula is the currency of Botswana. It has the ISO 4217 code \"BWP\" and is subdivided into 100 \"thebe\". \"Pula\" literally means", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2850406", "score": "1.0742664", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Science and technology in Botswana", "text": "of African Governance. At the time of independence in 1966, Botswana was one of the poorest countries in the world. A year later, diamonds were discovered and have since become a pillar of the economy. Today, Botswana has one of the highest levels of income in Africa. Between 2009 and 2013, GDP per capita rose from $12,404 to $15,247 (in purchasing power parity dollars, 2011 constant prices), boosted by the global commodity boom. This corresponds to a leap of 23% in GDP per capita over this period. Within the SADC region, only the Seychelles and Mauritius have higher levels of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20048970", "score": "1.0728724", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Zambian pound", "text": "the Bank of Zambia introduced notes in denominations of 10 shillings, 1 and 5 pounds. Zambian pound The Zambian pound was the currency in Zambia from independence in 1964 until decimalization on January 16, 1968. It was subdivided into 20 \"shillings\", each of 12 \"pence\". The Zambian pound replaced the Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound at par. It was pegged to the pound sterling at par and was replaced by the kwacha at a rate of 2 kwacha = 1 pound or 1 kwacha = 10 shillings. In 1964, cupro-nickel 6 pence, 1 and 2 shilling coins were introduced, followed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6694920", "score": "1.0720115", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Economy of Botswana", "text": "financial services to Wholesaling and Retailing, Tourism and Information Technology. To date, the BSE is one of Africa’s best performing stock exchanges, averaging 24% aggregate return in the past decade. This has allowed the BSE to be the third largest stock exchange, in terms of market capitalisation, in Southern Africa. Given Botswana's lack of exchange controls, stable currency and exceptionally performing stock market, the financial sector has attracted a host of global investors seeking better returns. Botswana's currency, the pula, is fully convertible and is valued against a basket of currencies heavily weighted toward the South African Rand. Profits and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "37384", "score": "1.0714207", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Economy of Botswana", "text": "services, and 43 percent is banked (with access to at least one formal banking product). The overall access ratio is still low, especially in rural areas, where there are 3.8 branches and 73 ATMs per 100,000 people. Mobile banking services have just started to be offered. In recent years the government and Central Bank have undertaken serious steps to modernize the country’s payment system infrastructure. These efforts included the establishment of a code-line clearing system for the exchange of cheques and electronic funds as well as a Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system, including SWIFT connection. The stock exchange implemented", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "37386", "score": "1.0704122", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Economy of Botswana", "text": "direct investment can be repatriated without restriction from Botswana. The Botswana Government eliminated all exchange controls in 1999. The Central Bank devalued the Pula by 7.5% in February 2004 in a bid to maintain export competitiveness against the real appreciation of the Pula. There was a further 12% devaluation in May 2005 and the policy of a \"Crawling peg\" was adopted. The recently established Non-Bank Financial Institutions Regulatory Authority (NBFIRA) is responsible for the oversight of all non-banking financial services entities in the country. As of 2005, about 54 percent of Botswana’s population had access to formal or informal financial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "37385", "score": "1.063957", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Zambian kwacha", "text": "coins were withdrawn from circulation, except for the 3 pence coin which was allowed to circulate alongside its Zambian alternative for a brief period. On July 1, 1966, the parliament approved the arrangements of the decimal currency system (Act 40 of 1966). The government voted in favor of decimalisation, and changing the main currency unit to Kwacha, with one kwacha being equal to 100 ngwee. The exchange rate was set to one kwacha equivalent to ten Zambian shillings, or one half of a Zambian pound. Thus, by January 16, 1968, all Zambian pound bills and coins were removed from circulation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "676907", "score": "1.0619895", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Botswana", "text": "Botswana Botswana (), officially the Republic of Botswana (), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections and the best perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998. Botswana is topographically flat, with up to 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "36863", "score": "1.0616155", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Swazi lilangeni", "text": "1974, the Monetary Authority of Swaziland introduced notes in denominations of 1 lilangeni, 2, 5 and 10 emalangeni, with 20 emalangeni notes following in 1978. In 1981, the Central Bank of Swaziland took over paper money production, first issuing notes commemorating the Diamond Jubilee of King Sobhuza II. Between 1982 and 1985, it introduced non-commemorative notes for E2, E5, E10, and E20. The 50 emalangeni notes were introduced in 1990. The E2 and E5 notes were replaced by coins in 1995, whilst 100 and 200 emalangeni notes were introduced in 1996 and 1998, respectively, with the E200 notes commemorating the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2878050", "score": "1.0605853", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Zambian kwacha", "text": "By June 26, 2013, the Bank of Zambia managed to withdraw 3.7 trillion Kwacha in old banknotes, accumulating to about 95.3% of the circulating banknotes. Although the old currency ceased to be legal tender four days later, the Bank of Zambia Deputy Governor, announced that residents who were still holding to the old currency, especially those living in rural areas, could still be able to exchange the old currency for the new one through commercial banks, and other designated agents. While being the first African country to introduce polymer banknotes in 2003, the new currency banknotes were all printed on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "676925", "score": "1.0583338", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Bechuanaland Protectorate", "text": "the surcharging of the existing definitive stamps until new ones were issued. Bechuanaland Protectorate The Bechuanaland Protectorate () was a protectorate established on 31 March 1885, by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in southern Africa. It became the Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966. Scottish missionary John Mackenzie (1835–99), a Congregationalist of the London Missionary Society (LMS), who lived at Shoshong from 1862–76, \"believed that the Ngwato and other African peoples with whom he worked were threatened by Boer freebooters encroaching on their territory from the south.\" He campaigned for the establishment of what became the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2531892", "score": "1.0567681", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "South African pound", "text": "1 pound. That rate continued until the Sterling devaluation in 1967 when South Africa did not follow suit. Eighteen years later, in 1892, the Transvaal Republic introduced coins in denominations of 1, 3 and 6 pence, 1, 2, 2½ and 5 shillings, ½ and 1 pond(pound). The last of these coins were issued in 1900, except for siege 1 pond coins issued in 1902. The Union of South Africa issued coins from 1923, in denominations of ¼, ½, 1, 3 and 6 pence, 1, 2 (initially denominated as a \"florin\") and 2½ shillings, ½ and 1 sovereign. The coins were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6608453", "score": "1.0560724", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "History of Botswana", "text": "Britain accepted proposals for democratic self-government in Botswana. The seat of government was moved from Mafikeng in South Africa, to newly established Gaborone in 1965. The 1965 constitution led to the first general elections and to independence on 30 September 1966. Seretse Khama, a leader in the independence movement and the legitimate claimant to the Ngwato chiefship, was elected as the first president, re-elected twice, and died in office in 1980. The presidency passed to the sitting vice president, Ketumile Masire, who was elected in his own right in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. Masire retired from office", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "37333", "score": "1.0554254", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Lesotho loti", "text": "anniversary, the Central Bank of Lesotho launched a new series of banknotes dated 2010 aimed at fighting the spread of counterfeits. The notes feature a portrait of the three royal family members: the current king, His Majesty Letsie III is in the middle, his father King Moshoeshoe II is on the left, and the founder of the Basotho nation, King Moshoeshoe I, on the right. Lesotho loti The Loti (plural: maLoti) is the currency of the Kingdom of Lesotho. It is subdivided into 100 \"Lisente\" (sg. \"Sente\"). It is pegged to the South African rand on a 1:1 basis through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4401681", "score": "1.054154", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Economy of Botswana", "text": "mines have opened since independence. De Beers prospectors discovered diamonds in northern Botswana in the early 1970s. The first mine began production at Orapa in 1972, followed by a smaller mine at Letlhakane. What has become the single richest diamond mine in the world opened in Jwaneng in 1982. The mine was discovered when termites looking for water brought grains of diamond to the surface. Botswana produced a total over 30 million carats (6,000 kg) of diamonds (about 25% of worldwide production) from the three Debswana mines in 1999, and is the highest producer of diamonds by value in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "37364", "score": "1.0520058", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Zambian kwacha", "text": "that characterized the national economy during the late decades of the 20th century, and the early years of the 21st century. The recommendations were assented to the parliament on November 3, 2012. Later, The Re-Domination of Currency Act (Act 8 of 2012) was enacted on December 3, 2012. The old currency unit was divided by 1000, hence, removing three zeros from the preexisting K50,000, K20,000, K10,000, K5,000, and K1,000. The lower denominations of K500, K100, and K50 were also divided by 1000 and were changed into the 1 Kwacha, 50, 10, and 5 Ngwee coins respectively. On the other hand,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "676923", "score": "1.0494777", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Economy of Botswana", "text": "of 2008, it depended largely on services (45.2%), industry (52.9%) and agriculture (1.9%) strictly linked to the trade with South Africa. Botswana is part of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) with South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Namibia. The World Bank reports that in 2001 (the most recent year for which World Bank data are available), the SACU had a weighted average common external tariff rate of 3.6 percent. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, \"there are very few tariff or non-tariff barriers to trade with Botswana, apart from restrictions on licensing for some business operations, which are reserved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "37361", "score": "1.046393", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "Catherine Tramell" ]

[ { "title": "Basic Instinct", "text": "depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema, and has been referred to by scholars as \"a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with, and transgresses, the narrative rules of film noir.\" A 2006 sequel, \"Basic Instinct 2\", starred Stone and was made without Verhoeven's involvement, but received either negative or moderate reviews from critics (mainly because of the inevitable comparison with the original movie) and was not particularly successful at the box office. In San Francisco, homicide detective Nick Curran investigates the murder of retired rock star Johnny Boz, who has been brutally stabbed to death with an ice pick during sex", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2680644", "score": "1.227794", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "the film's plot that became the main target of criticism. The film also suffered from comparison to the original \"Basic Instinct\", which was more popular with critics. However, BBC film critic Mark Kermode gave it a positive review. Roger Ebert gave the film 1.5 stars out of a possible 4, but nonetheless gave a qualified recommendation of the film despite its flaws. Paul Verhoeven, the director of the original film, was most critical to the movie and dislikes it, for the lack of a strong male character to balance out the character of Tramell as one of the reasons of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234033", "score": "1.1549684", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "once again in trouble with the authorities. Scotland Yard appoints psychiatrist Dr. Michael Glass to evaluate her after a man in Tramell's presence dies. As with Detective Nick Curran in the first film, Glass becomes a victim of Tramell's seductive games. After being in development limbo for a number of years, the film was shot in London from April to August 2005, and was released on 31 March 2006. After numerous cuts, it was released with an R rating for \"strong sexuality, nudity, violence, language, and some drug content\". Unlike its predecessor, the film received either negative or moderate reviews", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234019", "score": "1.1488998", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "is going to kill a therapist based on Glass's colleague, Dr. Milena Gardosh. Glass runs to Gardosh's apartment to warn her, finding Tramell there to his dismay. Gardosh tells him that he is no longer in charge of Tramell's therapy and that he's going to have his license revoked, due to bad practice regarding Tramell's treatment. There is a struggle between Glass and Gardosh, in which the latter is knocked out. Tramell then threatens Glass with a gun she carries, but Glass takes it away from her. When Washburn arrives at the scene, Glass shoots him because Tramell told him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234025", "score": "1.1433997", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Catherine Tramell", "text": "was nominated to be a member of the American Film Institute's \"Best Villains\" list. She was also included as one of the best 250 fiction villains ever created. In June 2010, \"Entertainment Weekly\" named her one of the \"100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years\". \"Basic Instinct\" establishes Tramell as a successful crime novelist who is connected to the violent stabbing death of a washed up rock musician, Johnny Boz who was found in his bed tied to the bed posts with a white silk scarf. She is subsequently investigated by San Francisco homicide detectives Nick Curran (Michael Douglas)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7448446", "score": "1.1408459", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Catherine Tramell", "text": "book on his hands and an enigmatic spasmodic movement is erased on his lips. Prior to and during \"Basic Instinct\", the following people met a violent death, almost all of them killed by Catherine: A potential victim of hers is Nick Curran, who is almost stabbed during the film's final scenes. The ending is ambiguous: either Catherine retires from her criminal career for good or only postpones killing Nick. Incidentally, Nick Curran has disappeared by the second movie. During an interview in Spain, Sharon Stone commented that \"poor Nick is dead,\" implying with a swift stabbing motion that an ice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7448455", "score": "1.1377211", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "he had killed the girlfriend of one of Glass's patients just to \"nail him\". In the final scene, Tramell pays a visit to Glass at a local mental hospital where he has been institutionalised, and he learns from her that the subject of her latest best-selling novel was a man very much like him. Trammell claims that she has never killed anyone and that the person who committed the crimes was all along the psychologist. This development, according to the novelist, has given a better end to her latest book. Tramell leaves with a wicked smirk on her face, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234026", "score": "1.1245043", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "Glass continues to sit silently in his wheelchair, either stymied by frustration and rage or having an enigmatic smile being satisfied with what he has caused (ambiguous end). \"Basic Instinct 2\" had been in \"development hell\" for the better part of a decade. In 2000, the film was announced as having a March 2002 release. However, the process of casting the male lead was long and troublesome, with male actors declining the role due to either the level of sexuality or the violence in the film. Original star Michael Douglas declined to reprise his role as Nick Curran, saying that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234027", "score": "1.1232096", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct (2013 video game)", "text": "Killer Instinct (2013 video game) Killer Instinct is a fighting video game, the third in the \"Killer Instinct\" series, developed by Double Helix Games, Iron Galaxy Studios, Rare and Microsoft Studios under supervision of Ken Lobb, and released as a free-to-play launch game for the Xbox One in 2013. The game is a reboot of the series, though some plot elements from \"Killer Instinct\" and \"Killer Instinct 2\" have been retained. Development of the game involves individuals with histories in fighting games on both the developmental and competitive sides. It received positive reviews for its mechanics and engine, but was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17356459", "score": "1.1229413", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Catherine Tramell", "text": "Catherine Tramell is a fictional character and main antagonist in the film Basic Instinct (1992) and its sequel, Basic Instinct 2 (2006). Catherine, created by writer Joe Eszterhas, is played by Sharon Stone in both films. In Basic Instinct, Tramell is a serial killer and love interest of washed-up detective Nick Curran; Basic Instinct 2 pairs her with the similarly troubled British psychologist Michael Glass.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Killer Instinct 2", "text": "to bring an end to Gargos and his reign of evil. This time there is no tournament or prize money, just a fight to the finish with the fate of the future hanging in the balance. The game features a total roster of 11 characters. Black Orchid, Fulgore, Glacius, Jago, Sabrewulf, Spinal and T.J. Combo return from the previous title. Eyedol, Chief Thunder, Cinder and Riptor were omitted from the roster; in their place, Gargos, Kim Wu, Maya and Tusk were introduced. Each character in the game has two or four different endings. Which ending the player gets depends whether", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4264953", "score": "1.1178904", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "and the police begin to suspect Glass of involvement in the crimes. He confronts Tramell at her apartment where they engage in passionate sex. The situation comes to a head during a confrontation between Glass and Tramell at her apartment where, after a struggle, Glass attempts to kill Tramell. Tramell gives Glass a copy of the draft of her next novel, titled \"The Analyst\". After reading it, he realises that Tramell has novelised most of the recent events with herself and other people related to Glass, even himself, as characters. Then it turns out that the character based on herself", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234024", "score": "1.1090266", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mitch Pileggi", "text": "\"Basic Instinct\" as an investigating police officer in the interrogation scene of Michael Douglas. He also appeared in the 1995 vampire film \"Vampire in Brooklyn\" (also directed by Craven) starring Eddie Murphy as an italian mobster. His most notable role was as the FBI's Assistant Director Walter Skinner on \"The X-Files\". The role was originally recurring, but the part expanded, and in 2001 he became a regular member of the cast. The character gradually became the most integral character besides the two leads. He remained with the show until its end in 2002. Pileggi played the character in the 1998", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3928972", "score": "1.0969956", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "at 61, he was too old for the part and that the film had \"been done perfectly effectively the first time\". The project was then cancelled, and consequently Stone sued the producers for breach of contract. Before Michael Caton-Jones finally signed on, several prominent directors were attached to the project, including Jan de Bont, who was cinematographer on the first film, Paul Verhoeven, director of the first film, who chose to make \"Black Book\" instead, David Cronenberg, and \"Die Hard\" director John McTiernan, whose departure to direct his film \"Basic\" triggered Stone's lawsuit. In 2004, just before Stone's case was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234028", "score": "1.0957315", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Sharon Stone", "text": "the Order of Arts and Letters in France. After years of litigation, \"Basic Instinct 2\" was released on March 31, 2006. A reason for a long delay in releasing the film was reportedly Stone's dispute with the filmmakers over the nudity in the film; she wanted more while they wanted less. A group sex scene was cut in order to achieve an R rating from the MPAA for the North American release; the controversial scene remained in the UK version of the London-based film. Stone told an interviewer, \"We are in a time of odd repression and if a popcorn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "533086", "score": "1.0908325", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct Gold", "text": "Killer Instinct Gold Killer Instinct Gold is a 1996 fighting video game based on the arcade game \"Killer Instinct 2\". The game was developed by Rare and released by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 video game console. As in other series entries, players control characters who fight on a 2D plane set against a 3D background. Players press buttons to punch and kick their opponent in chains of successive hits, known as combos. Large combo successions lead to stronger attacks and brutal, stylistic finisher moves underscored by an announcer. Charactersincluding a gargoyle, a ninja, and a femme fatalefight in settings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18938958", "score": "1.0878354", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "call from his ex-wife, Denise, in a state of distress. Her partner, Adam Towers, a journalist writing a negative story about Dr. Glass, has been found strangled to death. Glass suspects that Tramell committed the murder and is attempting to frame him for it. More murders begin to surface around Glass as his obsession with Tramell grows and his career and life are threatened – he finds his ex-wife in a bathroom with her throat slit after they have an altercation in a bar. Later, Dicky Pep is killed – eventually, he himself can no longer tell right from wrong,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234023", "score": "1.0876428", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "David Morrissey", "text": "charisma of beige wallpaper\" and that \"the producers could have replaced him halfway through shooting with a handsome mahogany coat rack and nobody would be able to tell the difference\". The bad reviews depressed Morrissey, and he briefly considered giving up acting, but instead saw the role as a chance to learn. Immediately after filming \"Basic Instinct 2\", he began work on \"The Reaping\" (2007) in Louisiana, in which he played science teacher Doug Blackwell opposite Hilary Swank. The role had been offered to him quite late in pre-production, and he flew to Baton Rouge the Monday after \"Basic Instinct", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3107734", "score": "1.0857005", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct Gold", "text": "Characters include a gargoyle, a ninja, and a femme fatale. Fights are set in spaceship, jungle, and castle settings, among others, and some backgrounds are interactive. \"Gold\" features new camera functions that automatically zoom to better frame the fight. The release also includes enhancements to the 3D backgrounds and an upgraded soundtrack, but excludes the full-motion video sequences and some voiceovers from the arcade release due to the Nintendo 64's cartridge media data storage restrictions. While \"Gold\" backgrounds are fluidly animated in 60 frames per second, its character animations have fewer frames than its arcade equivalent. \"Killer Instinct Gold\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18938964", "score": "1.0825912", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct (1994 video game)", "text": "has two life bars. The player that depletes the other player's life bars first wins the match. The game also introduced \"auto-doubles\", a feature which allows players to press a certain sequence of buttons to make characters automatically perform combos on opponents. Also featured in the game are \"combo breakers\", special defensive moves that can interrupt combos. Critically acclaimed, \"Killer Instinct\" was followed by a sequel, the 1996 arcade game \"Killer Instinct 2\", later ported to the Nintendo 64 as \"Killer Instinct Gold\", as well as a 2013 revival of the franchise as a launch title for Xbox One. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1801687", "score": "1.0811422", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct 2", "text": "or not the player kills (by using a finishing move instead of simply depleting their health) one or more certain character(s) during the course of the game. For example, Jago's endings both involve Fulgore and B. Orchid (if Fulgore does not kill Jago and B. Orchid, they team up and destroy him). Thus, killing or not killing them over the course of the game alters the outcomes of his endings: According to designer Ken Lobb, eliminating excessive defense play \"was the absolute highest priority. I felt that this was not a problem for experts, but it hurt beginners. We now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4264954", "score": "1.0761948", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "brought to trial, both sides settled for undisclosed terms. One of the conditions of the settlement that was made public was that the movie would be made as it had been originally planned. In April 2005, the filmmakers and Stone (who was a key element of her male co-star's casting), chose English actor David Morrissey, and production began. On 6 February 2006, several film news websites began circulating a short, leaked, and uncensored promotional reel that depicted scenes from the movie. The approximately four-minute promo included clips of explicit love scenes from the film. Two days after it had begun", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234029", "score": "1.0753396", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct 2", "text": "and indeed its predecessor, two characters square off with the goal of depleting the opponent's life bar. As with the original \"Killer Instinct\", when a player's original life bar is fully depleted, he or she will fall to the ground, and immediately begin on his or her second lifebar. As with the first game, \"Killer Instinct 2\" relies on an automatic combo subsystem in its matches. The matches, as with \"Killer Instinct\", revolve around a three strength system (Quick, Medium and Fierce). However, normal moves have lost a lot of their priority and range, as well as gaining extra recovery", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4264946", "score": "1.0744017", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct 2", "text": "Killer Instinct 2 Killer Instinct 2 is a fighting video game developed by Rare and manufactured by Midway for arcades in 1996 as a sequel to \"Killer Instinct\" (1994). A modified version of \"Killer Instinct 2\", licensed by Nintendo, was published for the Nintendo 64 as \"Killer Instinct Gold\" that same year. A Super Nintendo Entertainment System version of \"Killer Instinct 2\" was developed and completed, but never released. A digital port of the game for Xbox One is bundled with the second season of \"Killer Instinct\" (2013) under the title \"Killer Instinct 2 Classic\". As with most fighting games", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4264945", "score": "1.0717505", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct 2", "text": "each character can only execute these attacks when the opponent's second life bar flashes red (unlike the first \"Killer Instinct\" the opponents falls when he or she loses all of his or her energy bars). Each characters has two Ultimate combo moves (one of them can be executed without executing a combo), the Humiliation sequences were dropped, and the Ultra combo feature is still intact. Unlike the \"Mortal Kombat\" Fatalities, however, the \"Killer Instinct 2\"s finishing moves do not feature brutality or dismemberment. \"Killer Instinct 2\" follows on where the first installment left off. Eyedol's death at the hands of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4264951", "score": "1.0707059", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct 2", "text": "moderate dent in European and Australian cinemas, it had a dignified resonance on DVD and video. In its first week of release (starting 11 July 2006), it placed third. Counting US rentals alone, the film has earned $21.01 million. R-rated and unrated editions are available on DVD and Blu-ray. Basic Instinct 2 Basic Instinct 2 (also known as Basic Instinct 2: Risk Addiction) is a 2006 erotic thriller film and the sequel to 1992's \"Basic Instinct\". The film was directed by Michael Caton-Jones and produced by Mario Kassar, Joel B. Michaels and Andrew G. Vajna. The screenplay was by Leora", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234037", "score": "1.0702951", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Basic Instinct", "text": "accidentally shot two tourists while high on cocaine, attends counseling sessions with police psychologist Dr. Beth Garner, with whom he once had an affair. Nick discovers that Catherine is basing the protagonist of her latest book on him, wherein his character is murdered after falling for the wrong woman. Catherine has bribed Lt. Nielsen for information from Nick's psychiatric file; Beth gives it to Nielsen after he recommends Nick's termination. After Nick assaults Nielsen, he becomes a prime suspect when Nielsen is killed. Nick suspects Catherine, and when he joins in her behavior in front of his co-workers, he is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2680646", "score": "1.068781", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct (2013 video game)", "text": "spread across three \"Seasons\" of content and five additional characters exclusively available separately or via special offers. The roster includes every playable character from the previous \"Killer Instinct\" titles, along with several new characters and a small number of guest characters from other franchises. For the first two seasons, each character was given an accompanying stage, while only four stages were added in Season Three. For many years after \"Killer Instinct 2\"'s 1996 release, rumors of a possible follow-up continued to swirl around the Internet. In March 2010, Ken Lobb, Microsoft Studios creative director and co-designer of the original \"Killer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17356472", "score": "1.0640435", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Fatal Instinct", "text": "Fatal Instinct Fatal Instinct is a 1993 American comedy film directed by Carl Reiner. It parodies the erotic thriller movie genre, which at the time had reached its commercial peak. The film stars Armand Assante as a lawyer and cop named Ned Ravine who has an affair with a woman named Lola Cain played by Sean Young. Kate Nelligan stars as Ned Ravine's wife and Sherilyn Fenn stars as Laura Lingonberry, Ravine's secretary. The film's title is a combination of \"Fatal Attraction\" and \"Basic Instinct\", both of which starred Michael Douglas. Ned Ravine, who is both a police officer and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5313537", "score": "1.0635955", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Killer Instinct (1994 video game)", "text": "having the longest combos in the business.\" \"Killer Instinct\" was voted the sixth top 2D fighting game of all time by Crave Online users in 2007, and ranked the sixth best 2D fighting game of all time by \"Complex\" in 2013. A sequel titled \"Killer Instinct 2\" was released in 1996. Like the first game, it was ported to a home console, this time to the Nintendo 64 as \"Killer Instinct Gold\". A new \"Killer Instinct\", published by Microsoft and developed by Double Helix Games and Iron Galaxy Studios with input from Rare, was released as a launch title for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1801705", "score": "1.0628378", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "phencyclidine", "cocaine" ]

[ { "title": "Beam me up, Scotty", "text": "is a translation of the misquotation into Latin. Beam me up, Scotty \"Beam me up, Scotty\" is a catchphrase that made its way into popular culture from the science fiction television series \"\". It comes from the command Captain Kirk gives his chief engineer, Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott, when he needs to be transported back to the Starship \"Enterprise\". Though it has become irrevocably associated with the series and films, the exact phrase was never actually spoken in any \"Star Trek\" television episode or film. Despite this, the quote has become a phrase of its own over time. It can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4740616", "score": "1.1266711", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Beam me up, Scotty", "text": "Beam me up, Scotty \"Beam me up, Scotty\" is a catchphrase that made its way into popular culture from the science fiction television series \"\". It comes from the command Captain Kirk gives his chief engineer, Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott, when he needs to be transported back to the Starship \"Enterprise\". Though it has become irrevocably associated with the series and films, the exact phrase was never actually spoken in any \"Star Trek\" television episode or film. Despite this, the quote has become a phrase of its own over time. It can be used to describe one's desire to be elsewhere,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4740611", "score": "1.1102924", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)", "text": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) Beam Me Up Scotty is the third mixtape by American rapper Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 18, 2009 by Trapaholics Records. It features guest verses from rappers Bobby V, Brinx, Birdman, Busta Rhymes, Drake, Gucci Mane, Mack Maine, Gudda Gudda, Lil Twist, Jae Millz, Lil Wayne, Red Café, Lil Chuckee, Ricky Blaze, Rocko, Ron Browz, and Shanell. Its production was overseen by DJ Holiday and The Trapaholics. \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" received favorable reviews from contemporary music critics, and is also largely credited with establishing Minaj's fan base. One of its tracks, \"I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13473061", "score": "1.1076703", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Beam me up, Scotty", "text": "of the Royal Aeronautical Journal. It describes a certain routine as \"a sort of 'beam me up scotty' routine'\". Over time, the phrase has been extended to, \"Beam me up, Scotty, there's no intelligent life down here!\", popularized on bumper stickers and t-shirts, despite neither quote ever being said on the show. The science fiction parody \"Spaceballs\" (1987) devotes a small movie scene to the misquotation. It starts with following conversation between president Skroop, who distrust the transporter technology, and spaceship officer Zircon: The planetarium in the animated series \"South Park\" (1997) carries the inscription \"\"Me transmitte sursum, Caledoni!\"\", which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4740615", "score": "1.081996", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Beam me up, Scotty", "text": "technology such as teleportation, slang for certain drugs, or as a phrase to show appreciation and association with the television show. Despite the phrase entering into popular culture, it is a misquotation and has never been said in any of the television series or films, contrary to popular belief. The popularity of the misquotation has led to many new phrases, both associated with Star Trek or otherwise. The misquotation's influence led to James Doohan, the actor who played Scotty, to be misrepresented in his own obituary. In it, he is referenced as the character who \"responded to the command, \"Beam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4740612", "score": "1.0453644", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Beam me up, Scotty", "text": "me up, Scotty\", despite having never responded to this exact command in the show. Doohan himself chose to use the phrase as the title of his 1996 autobiography. The quote \"Beam me up, Scotty!\" has been extended beyond its original meaning to describe an expression of \"the desire to be elsewhere\", or the desire to be out of an unwanted situation. Along with this, it has been associated with things that are futuristic, such as the possibility of teleportation. The phrase has also been used as slang for certain drugs. An Oxford Reference page defined \"Beam me up, Scotty\" as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4740613", "score": "1.0399132", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Scotty (Star Trek)", "text": "pub crawler\", and Aberdeen city leaders proposed plans to erect a monument to the actor and character. Scotty's operation of the \"Enterprise\" transporter system inspired the catchphrase \"Beam me up, Scotty\", which gained currency in popular culture beyond \"Star Trek\" fans, even though the exact phrase is not spoken in that way in the original series, although it is used frequently in the animated series. In \"\", Kirk says, \"Scotty, beam me up.\" Doohan himself briefly reprised the role for a gag cameo in the action comedy \"Loaded Weapon 1\" (1993), as well as being Scotty in the movie \"Knight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2498077", "score": "1.037058", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)", "text": "her time on tour with Lil Wayne: \"It made me hungry. That's what inspired me and the music for the \"Beam Me Up Scotty tape\" — the \"I Am Music Tour\".\" Minaj credits \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" with re-focusing her on her music at a time when much of her career efforts were associated with her image: \"I Get Crazy\", featuring Lil Wayne, charted on the U.S. R&B charts due to heavy airplay. A music video for the song \"Itty Bitty Piggy\" was released for the song due to popular demand. The video is shots of Nicki performing the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13473063", "score": "1.0339897", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Transporter (Star Trek)", "text": "engineer Montgomery Scott during the original series. The phrase was never uttered by anyone in the original series, although the lines \"Scotty, beam us up\" and \"Beam me up\" were spoken by Captain Kirk in that series. \"Scotty, beam me up\" was spoken by Admiral Kirk in \"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\". On the special edition DVD of \"Star Trek IV\", the text commentary provided by Michael and Denise Okuda (co-authors of \"The Star Trek Encyclopedia\" and \"The Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future\") indicates that this was the closest anyone came to using that catchphrase in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "561547", "score": "1.0171682", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Beam me up, Scotty", "text": "The phrase has also been used as slang for certain drugs. An Oxford Reference page defined \"Beam me up, Scotty\" as \"a mixture of phencyclidine and cocaine\" and to \"talk to Scotty, high off Scotty, see Scotty... etc.\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Star Trek: The Animated Series", "text": "\"Beam me up, Scotty\" (long erroneously believed to be a \"Star Trek\" catchphrase), when he commands \"Beam us up, Scotty\". \"\" arguably comes closer to it by having Kirk say \"Scotty, beam me up\". An anti-pollution public service announcement was created for non-profit Keep America Beautiful featuring the \"ST: TAS\" characters and original cast voices. In the ad, the \"Enterprise\" encounters the \"Rhombian Pollution Belt\". The ad ran during Saturday morning network programming during the series' run. The animated series also dispensed with the original series' theme music, composed by Alexander Courage, in favor of a new theme credited to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "358722", "score": "1.0160689", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)", "text": "to Rob Molster of \"The Cavalier Daily\", \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" \"garnered [Minaj] a reputation for delivering vicious lyrics with a fresh style...[and] also revealed Minaj to have a knack for invoking alternative personalities, adding another layer to her already complex persona.\" The recording is credited with helping to create Minaj's fanbase. Shortly after its release, Minaj, along with other Cash Money/Young Money artists, appeared on MTV.com's \"Mixtape Daily\" to discuss the recording. Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) Beam Me Up Scotty is the third mixtape by American rapper Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 18, 2009 by Trapaholics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13473067", "score": "1.0089414", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)", "text": "live at a club concert and behind the scenes of the \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" photo shoot. The video was premiered on Hoodaffairs on Demand who also had a part in shooting the clip. \"Go Hard\", featuring Lil Wayne, was promoted with a music video shot by director Koach K. Rich. \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" was well received by critics and fans alike receiving an average score of 78. MTV's \"Mixtape Daily\" chose Beam Me Up Scotty as its weekly pick on May 4, 2009, giving the album positive reviews: \"Yeah, you are going to hear a bunch of more-than-just-friendly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13473064", "score": "1.00736", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)", "text": "Get Crazy\", respectively charted at numbers 20 and 37 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Rap Songs and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs component charts. \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" was recorded after Lil Wayne noticed Minaj's appearance on Queens-based underground rap label Dirty Money Records on \"The Re Up\" DVD series.<ref name=\"Billboard - Nicki/Wayne Tour\"></ref> He is credited with mentoring Minaj as she recorded \"Beam Me Up Scotty\", two years after her appearance on \"Don't Stop, Won't Stop\", a track from Wayne's acclaimed 2007 mixtape \"Da Drought 3\" that sampled \"Can't Stop, Won't Stop (Young Gunz song)\" by Young Gunz. Minaj says of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13473062", "score": "0.9491797", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Warp Drive", "text": "speed, Scotty?\", incorrectly using a Scottish accent as he did so. One supervisor, Jim Burton of Blue Ridge, tried to be serious. He reminded the board that \"warp\" had other meanings. \"You need to think about it before you vote on it\" he warned. \"Would you prefer 'Beam me up, Scotty?'\", the board's chairman replied. In the end the vote was unanimous. \"What more uplifting motion could there possibly be than something that will literally make law out of a Star Trek joke?\" concluded Miller. \"It's a great idea. I look forward to driving on Warp Drive myself.\" Orbital agreed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "666620", "score": "0.9427098", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)", "text": "shout-outs to the ladies – Nicki says she loves the girls and has no problem surrounding herself with \"bad bitches.\" \"Mixtape Daily\" favored tracks such as \"I Get Crazy \", \"Kill the DJ\" & \"Envy\". \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" is credited with helping distinguish Minaj as a popular female figure in a male-dominated genre. BET.com's \"SoundOff TV\" gave Minaj a positive review on her mixtape while commenting on impressions of Minaj herself: \"I’m not going to front, when Nicki first hit my 'new rapper radar' I immediately hit the 'I’ll pass' button since the parallels between her and Lil' Kim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13473065", "score": "0.9274411", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)", "text": "were extremely similar. Dark skin thick girl rapping about explicit issues we only talk about behind closed doors – yeah, I’d say she was a carbon copy. But after removing the stubborn sticker from my forehead, I sat down and dissected shorty’s material and the parallels didn’t exist like I once thought.\" In his consumer guide for MSN Music, critic Robert Christgau gave \"Beam Me Up Scotty\" an A- rating, indicating \"the kind of garden-variety good record that is the great luxury of musical micromarketing and overproduction. Anyone open to its aesthetic will enjoy more than half its tracks\". According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13473066", "score": "0.91909885", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Gamesters of Triskelion", "text": "episode is taken from this Star Trek episode \"complete with similar incidental music\". The popular \"Star Trek\" catchphrase \"Beam me up, Scotty\" is a common misquotation, with \"The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations\" stating that the nearest equivalent is the phrase uttered in this episode: \"Scotty, beam us up.\" The episode has been mentioned and discussed in a number of works of television studies. In \"Batman Unmasked: Analyzing a Cultural Icon\" (2013), the episode is compared to the \"Green Ice/Deep Freeze\" episode pairing in the 1960s \"Batman\" television series. \"The Gamesters of Triskelion\" is also described in \"Modern Amazons: Warrior Women", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3998515", "score": "0.9015511", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Scotty (Star Trek)", "text": "song \"Beaming\". Scotty (Star Trek) Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott is a fictional character in the science fiction franchise \"Star Trek\". First portrayed by James Doohan in the , Scotty also appears in the , seven \"Star Trek\" movies, the \"\" episode \"\", and in numerous books, comics, and video games. Simon Pegg has assumed the character and appeared in the \"Star Trek\" reboot (2009) and its sequels, \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013) and \"Star Trek Beyond\" (2016). Chris Doohan, son of James Doohan, has taken on the role of Scotty in the popular web series, \"Star Trek Continues\". Chris has also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2498079", "score": "0.887738", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "I'm Beamin'", "text": "I'm Beamin' \"I'm Beamin'\" is a song written by rapper Lupe Fiasco. The Neptunes-produced track was released in January 2010. The song is included on the bonus track version of Lupe Fiasco's third studio album Lasers, which was released on March 8, 2011. The video was released on April 26, 2010 on Lupe's YouTube channel. A remix of the song was released on October 13, 2010 entitled \"We Beamin'\" featuring members of the supergroup All City Chess Club (excluding J. Cole, Wale), and Pharrell. The song is 8 minutes long with every members having verses. The song was included on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16758819", "score": "0.874688", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "BEAM.TV", "text": "BEAM.TV Beam was established as an in-house FTP process following the making of the film, \"Gladiator\". This simple process enabled director Sir Ridley Scott to immediately review and approve visual effects work being completed by The Mill in London – while he was still shooting in Malta. This required a real-time digital platform with a toolset that would instinctively serve the demands of the filmmaking process. In 2011 Beam has over 125 people working in London, New York City and Los Angeles servicing the creative and communications industries across the world. With a network of 100 partners internationally, Beam delivers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16703912", "score": "0.8442307", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Beam (music)", "text": "Beam (music) In musical notation, a beam is a horizontal or diagonal line used to connect multiple consecutive notes (and occasionally rests) to indicate rhythmic grouping. Only eighth notes (quavers) or shorter can be beamed. The number of beams is equal to the number of flags that would be present on an unbeamed note. Beaming refers to the conventions and use of beams. A primary beam connects a note group unbroken, while a secondary beam is interrupted or partially broken. The span of beams indicates the rhythmic grouping, usually determined by the time signature. Therefore, beams do not usually cross", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5481160", "score": "0.81638443", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Scotty (Star Trek)", "text": "Rider 2000\" (1991), while parodies of Scotty or his accent appear in such media as \"World of Warcraft\" (2004), \"Spaceballs\" (1987), \"Goof Troop\", \"The Simpsons\", \"\" (1994), \"Beavis and Butt-Head\" and \"All That\". Scotty also appeared in a \"Far Side\" comic, where he was in Hell. In the song \"Boat Drinks\", singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett asks, \"Could you beam me somewhere, Mister Scott? Any old place, here on Earth or in space, you pick the century and I'll pick the spot.\" Rap artists D4L have a song \"Scotty\" that uses his character and \"Star Trek\", as do Relient K in their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2498078", "score": "0.8122641", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Airy beam", "text": "is non-diffracting in a parabolic accelerating frame. Actually one can perform a coordinate transformation and get an Airy equation. In the new coordinates the equation is solved by the Airy function. Georgios Sivilioglou, et al. successfully fabricated an Airy beam in 2007. A beam with a Gaussian distribution was modulated by a spatial light modulator to have an Airy distribution. The result was recorded by a CCD camera. Beams may encounter losses as they travel through materials which will cause attenuation of the beam intensity. A property common to non-diffracting (or propagation-invariant) beams, such as the Airy beam and Bessel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13690700", "score": "0.8078352", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Nicki Minaj", "text": "third mixtape, \"Beam Me Up Scotty\", on April 18, 2009; it received favorable coverage on BET and MTV. One of its tracks, \"I Get Crazy\", reached number 20 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Rap Songs chart and number 37 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. After Minaj was discovered by fellow rapper Lil Wayne, in August 2009 it was reported that she signed a recording contract with his Young Money Entertainment. That November, she appeared with Gucci Mane and Trina on the remix of \"5 Star Bitch\" by Yo Gotti. Minaj also appeared on \"BedRock\" and \"Roger That\" on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13299389", "score": "0.80468094", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hated in the Nation (album)", "text": "of Jim Beam whiskey that was only about one-eighth full, and in a rather visibly disheveled condition from not having bathed or cut his hair in quite some time. The recording session doubled as a rehearsal for the night's performance; at the beginning of one of the new recordings, Allin is heard giving an instruction to the band on how many times to play a particular song's introduction. The session didn't go completely without a hitch, however, as Allin reportedly broke one of the studio microphones by headbutting it and then, in Board's words, \"tried to break the studio floor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346978", "score": "0.80327743", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "I'm Beamin'", "text": "All City Chess Club member B.o.B's 2010 mixtape \"No Genre\". I'm Beamin' \"I'm Beamin'\" is a song written by rapper Lupe Fiasco. The Neptunes-produced track was released in January 2010. The song is included on the bonus track version of Lupe Fiasco's third studio album Lasers, which was released on March 8, 2011. The video was released on April 26, 2010 on Lupe's YouTube channel. A remix of the song was released on October 13, 2010 entitled \"We Beamin'\" featuring members of the supergroup All City Chess Club (excluding J. Cole, Wale), and Pharrell. The song is 8 minutes long", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16758820", "score": "0.80311745", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Beamz", "text": "Beamz The beamz is a laser-based music device. It is a W-shaped table-top optical control device with several laser beams. Users operate the device by using their hands to interrupt the beams. The product was created by musician and record producer Jerry Riopelle, who began working on the device in 2001. Riopelle built the original prototype with PVC pipe and lasers, and later refined it with Todor Fay and Melissa Jordan Grey. to develop the software that controls the device. The Beamz system connects to a computer via USB. Each laser beam corresponds to an instrument or sound that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12297794", "score": "0.7880037", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Beam (album)", "text": "\"Dreamin Dreamin\" (a cover from Capsule's \"Fruits Clipper\" album) which lyrics are written by Yasutaka Nakata. Names in parentheses indicates composer/arranger. Beam (album) Beam (stylized as BEAM) is the fourth full-length studio album by Japanese singer and songwriterMeg, released on December 5, 2007 in Japan by Universal J. The album is produced by Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata of Perfume fame and is her first album under Universal Music. The album also is simultaneously released with Nakata's other effort with Capsule, Flash Back. The album debuted at number 24 in the Oricon Weekly Charts, selling 10,544 units on its first week", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16240590", "score": "0.7872855", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Beam (music)", "text": "joined by a beam usually have all the stems pointing in the same direction (up or down). The average pitch of the notes is used to determine the direction – if the average pitch is below the middle staff-line, the stems and beams usually go above the notehead, otherwise they go below. The direction of beams usually follows the general direction of the notes it groups, slanting down if the notes go down, slanting up if the notes go up, and level if the first and last notes are the same. Feathered beaming shows a gradual change in the speed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5481162", "score": "0.78243506", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "German Lutherans" ]

[ { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "S.D. Kluger when he was a kid) and located on the other side of Big Rock Mountain. The children enjoy the simple life, despite being bothered by Gadzooks the Bear (Allen Swift) who hates everything to do with the holidays. One Easter morning, they find an orphaned baby rabbit, raise him as their own, and name him Sunny when they notice how much he likes the warm sun. Sunny (Skip Hinnant), now one year old, makes plans with the children to sell what they make in exchange for what they need, including their eggs, with help from three chickens called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794191", "score": "0.985828", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Easter Bunny", "text": "\"Shadow of the Hare\" (1993). The Oxford \"Dictionary of English Folklore\" however states \"... there is no shred of evidence\" that hares were sacred to Ēostre, noting that Bede does not associate her with any animal. Sarah Ben Breathnach in \"Mrs Sharp's Traditions\" (1990) provides an origin story for the Easter Bunny: \"According to legend, Eostre's favorite animal was a large handsome bird, which in a fit of anger she turned into a hare.\" Another version of this story, in which Ēostre transforms the bird into a hare in an act of mercy, was written by Jean-Andrew Dickmann and appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "576055", "score": "0.97152585", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Easter Bunny", "text": "that they made in their caps and bonnets before Easter. In his 1835 \"Deutsche Mythologie\", Jacob Grimm states \"The Easter Hare is unintelligible to me, but probably the hare was the sacred animal of Ostara\". This proposed association was repeated by other authors including Charles Isaac Elton and Charles J Billson. In 1961 Christina Hole wrote, \"The hare was the sacred beast of Eastre (or Eostre), a Saxon goddess of Spring and of the dawn.\" The belief that Ēostre had a hare companion who became the Easter Bunny was popularized when it was presented as fact in the BBC documentary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "576054", "score": "0.9557813", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Easter Bunny", "text": "long-dead time of winter. The Ukrainian art of decorating eggs for Easter, known as \"pysanky\", dates to ancient, pre-Christian times. Similar variants of this form of artwork are seen amongst other eastern and central European cultures. The idea of an egg-giving hare went to the U.S. in the 18th century. Protestant German immigrants in the Pennsylvania Dutch area told their children about the \"Osterhase\" (sometimes spelled \"Oschter Haws\"). \"Hase\" means \"hare\", not rabbit, and in Northwest European folklore the \"Easter Bunny\" indeed is a hare. According to the legend, only good children received gifts of colored eggs in the nests", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "576053", "score": "0.9434327", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Easter Bunny", "text": "an early age and can give birth to several litters a year (hence the saying, \"to breed like rabbits\" or \"to breed like bunnies\"). It is therefore not surprising that rabbits and hares should become fertility symbols, or that their springtime mating antics should enter into Easter folklore. In addition, Orthodox churches have a custom of abstaining from eggs during the fast of Lent. The only way to keep them from being wasted was to boil or roast them, and begin eating them to break the fast. As a special dish, they would probably have been decorated as part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "576051", "score": "0.942929", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Pysanka", "text": "other hand, the number of pysanky has increased, the chains are tightened and good triumphs over evil for yet another year. Newer legends blended folklore and Christian beliefs and firmly attached the egg to the Easter celebration. One legend concerns the Virgin Mary. It tells of the time Mary gave eggs to the soldiers at the cross. She entreated them to be less cruel to her son and she wept. The tears of Mary fell upon the eggs, spotting them with dots of brilliant color. Another legend tells of when Mary Magdalene went to the sepulchre to anoint the body", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2345688", "score": "0.94215214", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town The Easter Bunny is Comin' to Town is a 1977 stop motion animated Easter television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions, and featuring the voice of Fred Astaire as the narrator. It originally premiered on ABC on April 6, 1977 at 8 p.m. S.D. Kluger (from \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town\" and once again voiced by Fred Astaire) returns as a train engineer, but still a mailman to answer questions about the Easter Bunny in the children's letters. The story begins in the small town of Kidville, run by all orphaned children (Including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794190", "score": "0.940102", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bunny Man", "text": "their hoppy, red lager known as The Bunny Man in a can that depicted the tunnel, a figure in a bunny suit, and a child holding a red balloon. The 2017 Amazon original series \"Lore\", based on the podcast of the same name, uses the Bunny Man legend to introduce the second episode of Season 1. In episode \"Let's Get Scared\", host Chris Gethard dresses as the Bunny Man for the full episode. Bunny Man The Bunny Man is an urban legend that originated from two incidents in Fairfax County, Virginia, in 1970, but has been spread throughout the Washington,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6785063", "score": "0.9327723", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The First Easter Rabbit", "text": "The First Easter Rabbit The First Easter Rabbit is an animated Easter television special that premiered April 9, 1976 on NBC and later aired on CBS. Created by Rankin/Bass, it tells the story of the Easter Bunny's origin. The special is loosely based on the children's book \"The Velveteen Rabbit\" by Margery Williams. Burl Ives did the narration for this special which also featured the song \"Easter Parade\". Following 1964's \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\", this is the second Rankin/Bass special to be narrated by Burl Ives. Stuffy (voiced by Robert Morse) is a stuffed rabbit, given to a little girl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794149", "score": "0.9293454", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Easter Bunny", "text": "The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the \"Easter Hare\" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes. In legend, the creature carries colored eggs in his basket, candy, and sometimes also toys to the homes of children, and as such shows similarities to Santa Claus or the Christkind, as they both bring", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "Soon after, they all make it to Town, where everyone is happily celebrating. But Lily is upset, thinking Bruce will banish her forever. However, he and Sunny give her an Easter flower named after her, called a lily. Lily, overjoyed and proud of her nephew, decides to join in the celebration. The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town The Easter Bunny is Comin' to Town is a 1977 stop motion animated Easter television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions, and featuring the voice of Fred Astaire as the narrator. It originally premiered on ABC on April 6, 1977 at 8 p.m.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794200", "score": "0.9236788", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Easter", "text": "have become associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades. There are also various traditional Easter foods that vary regionally. The modern English term \"Easter\", cognate with modern Dutch \"ooster\" and German \"Ostern\", developed from an Old English word that usually appears in the form \"Ēastrun\", \"-on\", or \"-an\"; but also as \"Ēastru\", \"-o\"; and \"Ēastre\" or \"Ēostre\". The most widely accepted theory of the origin of the term is that it is derived from the name of an Old English goddess mentioned by the 7th to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "119693", "score": "0.9221028", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Bunny Man", "text": "Bunny Man The Bunny Man is an urban legend that originated from two incidents in Fairfax County, Virginia, in 1970, but has been spread throughout the Washington, D.C., area. The legend has many variations; most involve a man wearing a rabbit costume who attacks people with an axe or hatchet. Most of the stories occur around Colchester Overpass, a Southern Railway overpass spanning Colchester Road near Clifton, Virginia, sometimes referred to as \"Bunny Man Bridge\". Versions of the legend vary in the Bunny Man's name, motives, weapons, victims, description of the bunny costume or lack thereof, and sometimes even his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6785051", "score": "0.91953856", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Peter Cottontail", "text": "strip from 1920 to 1948. The 1971 Easter television special \"Here Comes Peter Cottontail\" was based on a 1957 novel by Priscilla and Otto Friedrich entitled \"The Easter Bunny That Overslept\". In 1950, Gene Autry recorded the holiday song, \"Here Comes Peter Cottontail\" which became popular on the Country and Pop charts and informally gave the Easter Bunny a name. Peter Cottontail Peter Cottontail is a name temporarily assumed by a fictional rabbit named Peter Rabbit in the works of Thornton Burgess, an author from Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1910, when Burgess began his \"Old Mother West Wind\" series, the cast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7836965", "score": "0.909356", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "\"de facto\" ruler of the town through her regency over her seven-year-old nephew, King Bruce the Frail (James Spies). Bruce complains about wanting to be a normal child, despite his aunt's objections. Saddened by this, Sunny heads back to Kidville and explains the problem. Hallelujah and the children dip the eggs in various bowls of paint as a way of tricking Gadzooks. He lies to the bear, saying he is on his way to sell colored stones as paperweights. Gadzooks, befuddled by Sunny's lie, lets him go, demanding he bring him eggs. Sunny makes it into Town again, passing out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794193", "score": "0.9066341", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Here Comes Peter Cottontail", "text": "children after a child roller-skated over his tail and had to wear a hard iron tail. Irontail demands that Colonel Bunny hold a contest between himself and Peter to see who wins since the Constitution of April Valley states that the Chief Easter Bunny should be the one who delivers the most eggs. Arrogant Peter accepts Irontail's challenge, but stays up all night partying with his friends. Although he tells his rooster to wake him up at 5:30 in the morning, Irontail sneaks into his house and feeds the rooster magic bubblegum, sealing its beak and Peter sleeps on, not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7527546", "score": "0.902226", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "his eggs to all the townspeople, including King Bruce, who crowns him the Easter Bunny, Royal Knight of the Rainbow Eggs and he and Sunny initiate a traditional ritual of eating the eggs. However, Lily, disappointed in her nephew, chases Sunny out, outlaws eggs, and sends him to bed without supper. After Bruce tells Sunny that he knew his supper would be more beans, anyway, Sunny promises to bring him very special beans next Easter. The following year, Sunny, Hallelujah, and Herbert the Baker (Michael McGovern) make the first Easter jelly beans. However, upon their way to Town to deliver", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794194", "score": "0.8985739", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "the Hendrew Sisters (Jill Choder and Karen Dahle). Sunny sets off to deliver his eggs. Along the way, he meets a friendly hobo named Hallelujah Jones (Ron Marshall), who suggests to him that he could sell his eggs in a town called Town. However, upon climbing Big Rock Mountain, Sunny runs into Gadzooks who steals his eggs. After escaping, Sunny makes it to Town which is a dreary, dismal place where if any children are born, the whole family has to move away, and beans are eaten for every meal. The ruthless Dowager Duchess Lily Longtooth (Meg Sargent) is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794192", "score": "0.8972286", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Easter egg", "text": "be explained in the symbolic terms described above, among followers of Eastern Christianity the legend says that Mary Magdalene was bringing cooked eggs to share with the other women at the tomb of Jesus, and the eggs in her basket miraculously turned bright red when she saw the risen Christ. A different, but not necessarily conflicting legend concerns Mary Magdalene's efforts to spread the Gospel. According to this tradition, after the Ascension of Jesus, Mary went to the Emperor of Rome and greeted him with \"Christ has risen,\" whereupon he pointed to an egg on his table and stated, \"Christ", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "119682", "score": "0.893785", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Easter Yeggs", "text": "on the Easter Bunny, leaving the hapless hen-fruit handler hanging high up in a tree. Bugs' parting shot: \"Remember, Doc, keep smiling!\" (in reference to Mel Blanc's Happy Postman from the radio version of \"The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show\"). The cartoon irises out as Bugs starts laughing. Easter Yeggs Easter Yeggs is a \"Looney Tunes\" animated short originally released theatrically on June 28, 1947, featuring Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. The title is a play on \"Easter eggs\" and on \"yegg\", a slang term for a burglar or safecracker. Bugs Bunny finds the Easter Bunny (also called the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7566941", "score": "0.8916805", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Easter Bunny", "text": "both bring gifts to children on the night before their respective holidays. The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau's \"De ovis paschalibus\" ('About Easter Eggs') in 1682, referring to a German tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs for the children. The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art. In ancient times, it was widely believed (as by Pliny, Plutarch, Philostratus, and Aelian) that the hare was a hermaphrodite. The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary, with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "576049", "score": "0.8898835", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Egg hunt", "text": "the idea of the Easter Bunny to bring the Easter eggs has been known. The novelty of the introduction of Easter egg hunts into England is evidenced by A. E. Housman's inaugural lecture as Professor of Latin at University College, London in 1892, in which he said, \"In Germany at Easter time they hide coloured eggs about the house and garden that the children may amuse themselves in discovering them.\" Reverend MaryJane Pierce Norton, Associate General Secretary of Leadership Ministries at the General Board of Discipleship, states that \"there’s something about going to hunt the eggs just as we might", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11703100", "score": "0.88851386", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Rankin/Bass Productions", "text": "Kluger in \"The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town\", telling the tale of the Easter Bunny's origins. From there, Masaki Iizuka serves as an associate producer for Rankin/Bass. Back in 1973, Iizuka was the production assistant of \"Marco\" — a live-action musical film based on the biography of Marco Polo, filmed at Toho Company in Tokyo and on location throughout East Asia, and featuring the \"Animagic\" sequence of the Tree People. In 1974, Rankin/Bass Productions was relaunched once again as an independent production company, and produced another Christmas special, \"The Year Without a Santa Claus\", featuring Shirley Booth, voicing narrator", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3016838", "score": "0.8874306", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "them, Gadzooks, still angered by Sunny's lie, and thinking his eggs are colored stones again, flings them far, far away. All hope seems lost until all the other children hunt the eggs up in bushes and trees, and Sunny decides that he'll always hide them. Next Easter, Sunny sets out, only to get caught by Gadzooks, who chases him to Kidville, where everybody has all pitched in to make him a brand new Easter outfit made by the Kidville tailors. Touched by their gesture of kindness, Gadzooks becomes their friend. Meanwhile back in Town, the townspeople become interested in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794195", "score": "0.88198626", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Here Comes Peter Cottontail", "text": "hearing the crows from the popping bubblegum bubbles. Though Irontail tries all day to deliver eggs with unsuccessful results, he is only able to deliver one egg. Therefore, Irontail becomes the new Chief Easter Bunny, passing laws to make Easter a disaster such as having eggs painted mud brown and concrete gray, ordering the candy sculptors to make chocolate tarantulas and octopuses instead of bunnies and chicks, and having Easter galoshes instead of bonnets. Meanwhile, Peter, ashamed that his bragging and irresponsibility led to this tragedy, leaves April Valley until he meets Seymour S. Sassafras, an eccentric peddler and inventor,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7527547", "score": "0.880824", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "Town. The following year, Sunny and friends plan to have Gadzooks help them bring all the Easter treats to Town. However, Lily's guards cause the bear to trip and break his leg. Everyone is saddened that Gadzooks can't help, but Hallelujah suggests that they build a railroad over Big Rock Candy Mountain from Kidville to Town (so named to \"sweeten the deal\" and get workers to lay the rails). After the railroad is built, Sunny and his friends go to the trainyard to hire a train to carry all the goods. In a scenario paralleling \"The Little Engine that Could\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794198", "score": "0.8807535", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Here Comes Peter Cottontail", "text": "Here Comes Peter Cottontail Here Comes Peter Cottontail is a 1971 Easter stop motion animated television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions and based on the 1957 novel \"The Easter Bunny That Overslept\" by Priscilla and Otto Friedrich. The title of the special is from the Easter song \"Here Comes Peter Cottontail\", which is also heard in the special. The name \"Peter Cottontail\" comes from a series of books by Thornton W. Burgess (1874–1965), although the special is not based directly on his books. It was originally broadcast on ABC-TV, and in later years, appeared on CBS, Fox Family, The CW,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7527544", "score": "0.87968194", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Easter traditions", "text": "Saturday is traditionally spent decorating Easter eggs and hunting for them with children on Sunday morning, by which time they have been mysteriously hidden all over the house and garden. Other traditions involve parents telling their children that eggs and other treats, such as chocolate eggs or rabbits, and marshmallow chicks (Peeps), have been delivered by the Easter Bunny in an Easter basket, which children find waiting for them when they wake up. Many families observe the religious aspects of Easter by attending Sunday Mass or services in the morning and then participating in a feast or party in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13223972", "score": "0.8791503", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Easter Yeggs", "text": "him. (The Easter Bunny characterization is taken from Mel Blanc's \"Happy Postman\" radio character, including the ironic catch phrase \"Keep Smiling!\") The first house the \"joyous bunny\" visits bears a name by the door: Dead End Kid, and the mean little red-haired kid who lives inside throws the egg at Bugs' face, bites him in the leg and beats Bugs up before body-slamming him on the floor - all the while demanding, \"I wanna Easter egg! I wanna Easter egg! I wanna Easter egg!\" Bugs loses his cool and grabs the kid's arm. Unfortunately, Dead End Kid screams that Bugs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7566938", "score": "0.8784194", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Here Comes Peter Cottontail", "text": "more responsible and they land in the middle of St. Patrick's Day where he finally gets to give his green eggs away and wins the contest, becoming the official Chief Easter Bunny, Antoine returns as a butterfly, and Irontail becomes the April Valley janitor while Peter leads an Easter parade with all the characters from the story. On May 28, 1971, Danny Kaye was the guest on the ABC-TV late night talk program \"The Dick Cavett Show\". It was a ninety-minute salute not only to Kaye's career as a performer but also his work as an ambassador of \"UNICEF\". During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7527552", "score": "0.87772155", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "September 19, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)", "text": "on the specialty channels Space (English) and Z (French) before streaming episodes on Crave, while Netflix has streaming rights for the series in another 188 countries. Netflix releases each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. Star Trek: Discovery (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of and follows the crew of the USS \"Discovery\". The season will be produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Alex Kurtzman serving as showrunner.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362518", "score": "1.1413393", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)", "text": "added that the series' producers wanted to avoid announcing release dates for the season, just to delay them due to the external pressure that caused with the first season. However, he hoped the second season would be available in early 2019, as long as the quality and scope of the series was not compromised to achieve that. On October 23, a second season was officially ordered by All Access. CBS Interactive President Marc DeBevoise cited the increased subscriptions for All Access since the series' debut, as well as critical acclaim and fan interest, when announcing the renewal. The season consists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362498", "score": "1.1329275", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)", "text": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of and follows the crew of the USS \"Discovery\". The season will be produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Alex Kurtzman serving as showrunner. Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, along with the returning Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony Rapp, and Mary Wiseman; they are joined by Wilson Cruz, promoted from a recurring guest role, and Anson Mount as original \"Star Trek\" captain Christopher Pike. Original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362492", "score": "1.1219862", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was broadcast on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channels Space (English) and Z (French) before being streamed on CraveTV, with subsequent episodes just broadcast or streamed through Space, Z, and CraveTV. In the other countries, Netflix will release each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. This agreement also saw Bell and Netflix acquire all previous \"Star Trek\" series to stream in their entirety. After reviewing the episode \"Choose Your Pain\", Space chose to air it uncensored despite its use", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362439", "score": "1.1211892", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "expected to draw. After the series' premiere, Kurtzman said that the producers wanted to avoid announcing release dates and having to delay those for any future seasons, due to the external pressure that caused with the first season, but that he hoped a second season would be available in early 2019. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, for 13 episodes. Goldsman did not return for the season after clashing with the series' writing staff during production on the first, and in June 2018, when production on the second season was underway, CBS fired Berg and Harberts. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125111", "score": "1.1172174", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "After Trek", "text": "elements that \"Star Trek: Discovery\" viewers enjoyed this season and more.\" After Trek After Trek is a live American aftershow in which host Matt Mira discusses episodes of the CBS All Access television series \"\" with guests, including celebrity fans, cast members, and crew from the series. It is produced by Embassy Row in association with Roddenberry Entertainment. Inspired by previous aftershows created by Embassy Row, such as \"Talking Dead\" and \"Talking Bad\", episodes of \"After Trek\" are released on All Access after each episode of \"Discovery\" is released. This started with that show's premiere on September 24, 2017, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20358827", "score": "1.1129622", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "through November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125144", "score": "1.1098095", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of , and follows the crew of the USS \"Discovery\" during the Federation–Klingon war. The season is produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts serving as showrunners, and Akiva Goldsman providing producing support. Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, first officer of the USS \"Shenzhou\", along with Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony Rapp, Mary Wiseman, and Jason Isaacs. The new series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362386", "score": "1.1087466", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)", "text": "showrunner Bryan Fuller had intended for \"Discovery\" to be an anthology series that told different stories each season. CBS did not agree, but a hybrid approach was eventually used, following the same characters but telling different stories each season. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, and filming began in April 2018. Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts, the first season's showrunners, returned for the second but were fired during production; co-creator Kurtzman replaced them. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access and will consist of 14 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Jonathan Frakes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362493", "score": "1.1016736", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "Star Trek: Discovery premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS and CBS All Access on September 24. The rest of the 15-episode first season was streamed weekly on All Access. The series' release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance. A second season was ordered in October 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "Star Trek: Discovery Star Trek: Discovery is an American television series created for CBS All Access by Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman. It is the first series developed specifically for that service, and the first \"Star Trek\" series since \"\" concluded in 2005. Set roughly a decade before the events of and separate from the timeline of the concurrently produced feature films, \"Discovery\" explores the Federation–Klingon war while following the crew of the USS \"Discovery\". Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, a science specialist on the USS \"Discovery\". Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony Rapp, and Mary Wiseman also star. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125095", "score": "1.0991567", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Discovery Science (European TV channel)", "text": "Discovery Science (European TV channel) Discovery Science is a pay television network, a subsidiary of American Discovery Networks International, it targets several European countries' television markets. It primarily features programming in the fields of space, technology and science. The channel originally launched as Discovery Sci-Trek. Its programming is mainly in English and locally subtitled or dubbed. It is available through numerous subscription services across Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In some countries the advertisement and the announcements between programs are localized. The channel launched in the UK & Ireland as the Discovery Sci-Trek on 1 October 1998, later followed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16907252", "score": "1.0973206", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "not indicate any intention to change their approach to broadcasting future seasons of the series. According to Nielsen Media Research, the CBS broadcast of the first episode was watched by a \"decent\" audience of 9.5 million viewers. The premiere of the series led to record subscriptions for All Access, with the service having its biggest day of signups, as well as its biggest week and month of signups thanks to the series. According to \"app analytics specialist\" App Annie, the premiere of the series also caused the number of downloads of the All Access mobile app to more than double,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362441", "score": "1.0882766", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)", "text": "first season. Russo generally works directly with the showrunners rather than any of the episodic directors, but discussed his score for the season's second episode with director Jonathan Frakes. The season was promoted at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2018, with Notaro moderating a panel that featured Kurtzman, Martin-Green, Jones, Latif, Wiseman, Rapp, Cruz, Chieffo, Mount, and executive producer Heather Kadin. The first trailer for the season debuted at the panel before being released online. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access in the United States. Bell Media broadcasts the series in Canada", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362517", "score": "1.0850135", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)", "text": "of 13 episodes. In June 2018, during production on the season, CBS Television Studios fired Berg and Harberts. This was not due to creative concerns, as the studio and network were pleased with the scripts for the season and early cuts of already filmed episodes, but due to a combination of the first episode of the season going significantly over budget—to the point that the budgets for later episodes of the season would have to be cut to cover the difference—and alleged abusive behavior by the pair directed at the series' writing staff; multiple writers had become uncomfortable working with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362499", "score": "1.0843804", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "season streamed weekly until February 11, 2018. The season's release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance, the series' production value, and its new additions to \"Star Trek\" canon. A was ordered in October 2017. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In March 2018, a \"secret scene\" was released depicting an alternative ending to the season finale. It features Mirror Georgiou being approached by an operative of Section 31, a storyline that is further explored in the second season of the series. On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"Star Trek\" television series to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362388", "score": "1.0818559", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "opportunity to deliver her finest performance of the season.\" Star Trek: Discovery (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of , and follows the crew of the USS \"Discovery\" during the Federation–Klingon war. The season is produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts serving as showrunners, and Akiva Goldsman providing producing support. Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, first officer of the USS \"Shenzhou\", along with Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362449", "score": "1.0775758", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "of \"\", the show sees the united Klingon houses in a war with the United Federation of Planets that involves the crew of the USS \"Discovery\". On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"Star Trek\" television series to premiere in January 2017, \"on the heels\" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016. It is the first \"Star Trek\" series since \"\" concluded in 2005, and the first show to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service. Alex Kurtzman, co-writer of the films \"Star Trek\" and \"Star Trek Into Darkness\", and Heather Kadin were set as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125098", "score": "1.0765313", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "Sonequa Martin-Green.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on 20 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". In June 2018, after becoming sole showrunner of \"Discovery\", Kurtzman signed a five-year overall deal with CBS Television Studios to expand the \"Star Trek\" franchise beyond \"Discovery\" to several new series, miniseries, and animated series. Kurtzman announced in July 2018 that a spin-off miniseries of shorts would be released between the first two seasons of \"Discovery\" to \"deliver closed-ended stories while revealing clues about what's to come in future \"Star Trek: Discovery\" episodes. They'll also introduce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125147", "score": "1.0736718", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "audiences to new characters who may inhabit the larger world of \"Star Trek\".\" By July 2016, CBS was working on an aftershow companion series to \"Discovery\" similar in format to AMC's \"Talking Dead\", a companion to \"The Walking Dead\". The show would air live after each episode of \"Discovery\", and would feature \"guests, celebrity Trekkies, former \"Star Trek\" actors, along with cast members and crew\" from \"Discovery\". The companion series was confirmed in 2017, with the title \"After Trek\" and host Matt Mira. It is produced by Embassy Row in association with Roddenberry Entertainment. CBS is \"reimagining\" the companion series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125148", "score": "1.0688385", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "We were allowed to go crazy.\" Filming for the season began at Pinewood Toronto Studios on January 24, 2017, with cinematographers including Guillermo Navarro, working on the pilot, and Colin Hoult. Set construction had initially been set to begin within a month of June 2016, for a filming period of that September to around March 2017, but by that September, production was not expected to begin until November. After Fuller stepped down as showrunner, set construction was expected to be completed by the end of 2016, with filming to begin \"shortly thereafter\". By mid-May 2017, filming for scenes set on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362424", "score": "1.0685852", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "an unidentified planet had taken place on location in Jordan. Some of the series' sets took over six weeks to create, and new sets were being built up until the end of production on the season. Some episodes for the season were filmed solely on existing sets, making them bottle episodes, though Harberts said the series would not do anything \"as bottle-y as 'everyone is stuck in the mess hall!'\" Filming for the season concluded on October 11, 2017. Robyn Stewart, an expert in the Klingon language, and linguist Rea Nolan worked closely with the Klingon actors to ensure they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362425", "score": "1.0650287", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "release each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. This agreement also saw Bell Media and Netflix acquire all previous \"Star Trek\" series to stream in their entirety, and to broadcast on Bell Media television channels. According to Nielsen Media Research, the CBS broadcast of the first episode was watched by a \"decent\" audience of 9.5 million viewers. The premiere of the series led to record subscriptions for All Access, with the service having its biggest day of signups, as well as its biggest week and month of signups thanks to the series. According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125145", "score": "1.0644517", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Star Trek", "text": "beginning with \"The Next Generation\" in 1987. \"Star Trek: Discovery\" is a direct prequel to \"\", set roughly ten years beforehand. It premiered September 24, 2017 in the United States and Canada on CBS before moving to CBS All Access, while Netflix streams the show outside the United States and is also providing most of the show's funding. The show centers on the voyages of the \"Discovery\", commanded by Captain Gabriel Lorca (played by Jason Isaacs), and Lieutenant Commander Michael Burnham (played by Sonequa Martin-Green), with Burnham being the lead character of the series. This marks the first \"Star Trek\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11892895", "score": "1.0623062", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "to quality and dedication to fans\". The deal will also see the company \"create merchandise from the entire \"Star Trek\" universe, ranging from the classic \"Star Trek: The Original Series\" to its popular movie franchise.\" The first merchandise produced under the deal are set for release in mid-2018. The first episode of \"Star Trek: Discovery\" aired in a \"preview broadcast\" on CBS in the United States on September 24, as well as being made available with the second episode on CBS All Access. Subsequent first-run episodes, making up the first chapter of the season, were streamed weekly on All Access", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125143", "score": "1.0606297", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)", "text": "episodic feel than the first, while still having a serialized story for the whole season. This \"classic episode feel\" was created by having a central character or question for each episode whose story also contributed to the season-long story. The season stars the returning Sonequa Martin-Green as Burnham, Doug Jones as Saru, Shazad Latif as Voq / Ash Tyler, Anthony Rapp as Paul Stamets, and Mary Wiseman as Sylvia Tilly. Wilson Cruz reprises his guest role of Hugh Culber, who died in the first season, and is promoted to the main cast for the second. After the first season concluded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362505", "score": "1.0601165", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "premiere in January 2017, \"on the heels\" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016, to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service. In February 2016, Bryan Fuller, who began his career writing for the series \"\" and \"\", was announced as the new series' showrunner. Fuller had publicly called for \"Star Trek\" to return to television for years, and when he first met with CBS about the series, the company did not have a plan for what the new show would be. He proposed an anthology series with each season being a standalone, serialized show set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362389", "score": "1.0601034", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)", "text": "of the word \"fuck\" and depictions of violence. The Canadian Broadcast Standards Council received an official complaint about this given the channel aired the episode before 9pm, after which series intended for adult audiences should be shown according to the Canadian Association of Broadcasters' \"Code of Ethics and Violence Code\". The Council found Space to have breached these regulations in not censoring the episode, and required the channel to air an announcement stating as such twice during the week following April 19, 2018. At the time, Bell Media accepted the decision and agreed to comply with the ruling, but did", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20362440", "score": "1.0593519", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Greatest Generation (podcast)", "text": "aftershow \"Discovery\" didn't know it needed.\" The podcast, which is released the Tuesday after a new episode of \"Star Trek: Discovery\" is aired, reviews each episode in the same format as \"The Greatest Generation\". When \"Star Trek: Discovery\" is off the air, the podcast is released monthly with Pranica and Harrison discussing \"Star Trek\" related news, interviewing guests and reviewing other \"Star Trek\" media related to \"Star Trek: Discovery\", such as comics and specific episodes of \".\" On February 14, 2016\" arsTechnica\" published a review of the podcast titled \"If you grew up watching ST:TNG, then you'll love this new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20463231", "score": "1.0587268", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Star Trek: Discovery", "text": "to \"app analytics specialist\" App Annie, the premiere of the series also caused the number of downloads of the All Access mobile app to more than double, with revenue from the app for CBS doubling compared to the average in-app revenue during the previous 30 days. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 82% approval rating for the first season, with an average rating of 7.07/10 based on 65 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Although it takes an episode to achieve liftoff, \"Star Trek: Discovery\" delivers a solid franchise installment for the next generation—boldly led by the charismatic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19125146", "score": "1.0587221", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "2018", "March 12, 2013" ]

[ { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "kills Ares with the Blade of the Gods. Athens is saved, and although Athena tells Kratos his sins are forgiven, the gods cannot erase his nightmares. Forsaken by the gods, he tries to commit suicide by casting himself into the Aegean Sea, but Athena intervenes and transports him to Mount Olympus. As a reward for his services to the gods, she provides Kratos with a new set of blades and the seat as the new God of War. Santa Monica began development of \"God of War\" in 2002, under the working title \"Dark Odyssey\", and unveiled it two years later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757047", "score": "1.1335537", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "God of War III", "text": "Zeus and the other Greek gods, and the result would be that humankind no longer believed in the gods—according to Jaffe, the only way a god can truly die. \"God of War III\" was first mentioned by \"God of War II\" game director Cory Barlog at a \"God of War II\" launch event. Barlog said that the game would have full 1080p HD resolution (changed to 720p in final release) and support Sixaxis tilt and vibration functions. Announced before the DualShock 3 controller was introduced, this caused confusion since the Sixaxis controller does not support rumble. During the 2009 Game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10169060", "score": "1.1311698", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "scene of the final battle before a denouement on Mount Olympus in the God of War's throne room. The protagonist of the game is Kratos (voiced by Terrence C. Carson), a Spartan warrior who serves the Olympian Gods. Other characters include a host of Greek gods, such as Athena (Carole Ruggier), the Goddess of Wisdom and Kratos' ally and mentor; Ares (Steven Blum), the God of War and main antagonist; Poseidon (Fred Tatasciore), the God of the Sea; Aphrodite (Carole Ruggier), the Goddess of Love and Sexuality; Zeus (Paul Eiding), the King of the Gods; Artemis (Claudia Black), the Goddess", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757040", "score": "1.0925443", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "God of War III", "text": "abandoned Blade of Olympus, with Kratos' whereabouts unknown. In a 2007 interview with GameTrailers, \"God of War\" creator and game director David Jaffe explained his original intention for the series, which is different from the actual ending of \"God of War III\", which was based on game director Stig Asmussen's vision. Jaffe's idea was that \"\"God of War\" explains, or ultimately will explain, why there are no more Greek myths\". He said that it would have been \"hell on earth\" as the gods and Titans battled each other for domination. Other mythological pantheons would have become involved after Kratos killed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10169059", "score": "1.0814513", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Characters of God of War", "text": "of War III\". Gaia was also the narrator during cut scenes in \"God of War\", again voiced by Hunt. Zeus was the King of the Olympian Gods and the main antagonist of \"God of War II\" and \"God of War III\". Zeus and Ares believed the destruction of Olympus would come at the hands of Kratos' brother Deimos, so they had Deimos imprisoned and tortured by Thanatos. Many years later, in \"God of War\" (2005), Zeus aided Kratos against Ares by bestowing him with the magic, \"Zeus' Fury\", and as the mysterious gravedigger. In \"God of War II\", it is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14114260", "score": "1.079264", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "God of War III", "text": "of War III Ultimate Edition\" signed by the development team. Sony and Spike TV sponsored a Last Titan Standing contest, in which fans over 21 could win a chance to play \"God of War III\" before its mainstream release. Spike's \"GameTrailers TV\" presented \"God of War III: Last Titan Standing\" on March 15, 2010, and the winner received a custom-made \"God of War III\" PS3. A week before \"God of War III\"s release, the developers released Kratos' backstory on the \"God of War\" website, under the title \"Path to Olympus\". On March 20, 2010, a NASCAR car driven by Joey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10169082", "score": "1.0770179", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Characters of God of War", "text": "of attempts to free himself from the influence of the gods and Titans followed, culminating in a final confrontation with Zeus, ending in the god's death and the reign of the Olympian Gods. In the aftermath, Athena appeared and Kratos sacrificed himself to prevent her from becoming the supreme goddess of the world. Many years later, surviving his fatal sacrifice, Kratos now lives in the world of the Norse gods in Midgard where he now has a son named Atreus. Following the death of his second wife Faye, he and Atreus journey to the highest peak of the nine realms", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14114253", "score": "1.0763534", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "God of War (2005 video game) God of War is a third-person hack and slash action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). First released on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2 (PS2) console, it is the first installment in the series of the same name and the third chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, it is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist Kratos, a Spartan warrior who serves the Olympian Gods. The goddess Athena tasks Kratos with killing Ares, the God of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757029", "score": "1.0762433", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "informs Zeus that the new Hydra is a newborn spawn of the Titans Typhon and Echidna, and was released by Ares. A film adaptation was announced in 2005. Jaffe confirmed that a script had been completed by David Self and they were looking for a director. He confirmed that Universal Studios is committed to making the \"God of War\" film, but he was unaware of its status, and later expressed doubt the film would be released. In September 2008, Brett Ratner told UGO that he would direct the film, but in February 2009, it was confirmed that he had left", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757072", "score": "1.0686839", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "God of War (franchise)", "text": "also released for the PS3 and features multiplayer. The three side games include Chains of Olympus (2008) and Ghost of Sparta (2010) for the PlayStation Portable (PSP), and Betrayal (2007) for mobile phones that supported the Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME). The fifth main installment, also titled God of War (2018), was released for the PlayStation 4 (PS4). It began the second era, which takes the franchise to the world of Norse mythology. To go along with the new installment, Sony released a short prequel story, A Call from the Wilds (2018), as a text-based game through Facebook Messenger.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "a budget of $150 million USD. God of War (2005 video game) God of War is a third-person hack and slash action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). First released on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2 (PS2) console, it is the first installment in the series of the same name and the third chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, it is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist Kratos, a Spartan warrior who serves the Olympian Gods. The goddess Athena tasks Kratos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757078", "score": "1.0673336", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "there were not additional books to fill in the details of his quests, such as stories of the time while he was a minion of Ares or before he met the Barbarian King. The novel recounts the events of the game and offers deeper insights into its story, explaining that Athena wanted Kratos to kill Ares and explaining how she manipulated the other gods, with the exception of Zeus, into aiding Kratos. After learning of Athena's plans, Zeus decides to aid Kratos (with magic and as the gravedigger) with the intention of Kratos becoming the new God of War after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757069", "score": "1.0657595", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "the game starts, Kratos has been serving the gods for ten years. He kills the Hydra on behalf of Poseidon, but he has grown tired of his service and suffering. He summons Athena, who states that if Kratos performs one final act—the murder of Ares—he will be forgiven for killing his family. Ares is waging war on the city of Athens out of hatred and jealousy of his sister Athena, who assigns Kratos to destroy Ares because Zeus has forbidden divine intervention. Athena guides Kratos to the war-torn Athens. After a strange encounter with a gravedigger who encourages him to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757044", "score": "1.0639932", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kratos (God of War)", "text": "that he had killed his fellow Greek gods, including his father Zeus (whose illusion he and Atreus saw in Helheim alongside an illusion of a younger Kratos from \"God of War III\" showing their final confrontation), but he and Atreus should learn from these experiences and not repeat past mistakes. The two then make their way to Jötunheim, where it is learned that Faye was actually a giant, also making Atreus part-giant. It is also revealed that Faye originally wanted to name their son Loki, but Kratos preferred Atreus, which was the name of an honorable Spartan comrade. The giants", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11223231", "score": "1.0610466", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "God of War II", "text": "God of War II God of War II is a hack and slash action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). First released for the PlayStation 2 console on March 13, 2007, it is the second installment in the \"God of War\" series, the sixth chronologically, and the sequel to 2005's \"God of War\". The game is loosely based on Greek mythology and set in ancient Greece, with vengeance as its central motif. The player character is protagonist Kratos, the new God of War who killed the former, Ares. Kratos is betrayed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7388252", "score": "1.058836", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "God of War: Betrayal", "text": "War: Betrayal\" is set in an alternate version of ancient Greece, populated by the Olympian Gods and other beings of Greek mythology. Events are set between those of the games \"\" (2010) and \"God of War II\" (2007). The protagonist is Kratos, a former Captain of Sparta's army who became the new God of War after killing his predecessor, Ares, the previous God of War. Other characters include Argos, the giant pet of the goddess Hera; an unknown assassin; and the Olympian messenger Ceryx, the son of Hermes and main antagonist. Zeus, the King of the Gods, is an unseen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10459455", "score": "1.0584239", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "God of War: Ghost of Sparta", "text": "Midas (Fred Tatasciore), a king whose touch will turn anything to gold; the gravedigger (Paul Eiding), who warns Kratos to not alienate the gods; a loyal Spartan soldier (Gideon Emery); and Poseidon (Gideon Emery), the God of the Sea. Zeus (Fred Tatasciore), the King of the Gods, appears in the \"Combat Arena\" (bonus feature) after the player selects the gravedigger. A series of flashbacks reveals that an oracle had foretold that the demise of Olympus would come not by the revenge of the Titans, who had been imprisoned after the Great War, but by a marked warrior. The Olympians Zeus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14533791", "score": "1.0541098", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "God of War III", "text": "and multi-player doesn't fit into that.\" By December 2009, the game was in its final developmental stages. In December 2008, Sony reported that \"God of War III\" would be the last game in the series. However, in January 2010 John Hight told Joystiq: \"While \"God of War III\" will conclude the trilogy, it won't spell the end of the franchise ... We're going to be really careful about what we do next\". Asmussen mentioned the possibility of downloadable content; the game would be shipped with the regular challenge mode, and new challenge modes might be released as downloadable content to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10169063", "score": "1.0538412", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "God of War III", "text": "hold the Chain of Balance connecting the Underworld to Olympus. Tartarus is the prison of the dead where the Titan Cronos was banished after Kratos retrieved Pandora's Box from Pandora's Temple in \"God of War\". Kratos (voiced by Terrence C. Carson), the protagonist of the game, is a Spartan demigod warrior who became the God of War after killing Ares and seeks revenge on Zeus for his betrayal. Other characters include Greek gods such as Athena (Erin Torpey), the Goddess of Wisdom and Kratos' mentor and ally; Zeus (Corey Burton), King of the Gods and the primary antagonist; Poseidon (Gideon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10169047", "score": "1.0528537", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "God of War II", "text": "to hold the world on his shoulders. The Temple of the Fates is also filled with traps and monsters, while the final battle occurs on Mount Olympus, home to the gods. The protagonist of the game is Kratos (voiced by Terrence C. Carson), a Spartan warrior who became the God of War after killing the former, Ares. Other characters include Athena (Carole Ruggier), the Goddess of Wisdom; Zeus (Corey Burton), the King of the Gods and the main antagonist; several Titans—including Gaia (Linda Hunt), Atlas (Michael Clarke Duncan), Prometheus (Alan Oppenheimer), Typhon (Fred Tatasciore), and Cronos (Lloyd Sherr)—heroes Theseus (Paul", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7388266", "score": "1.0520741", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "God of War (2018 video game)", "text": "Kratos' last game. Barlog said that future games could see the series tackling Egyptian or Mayan mythology, and that although this game focuses on Norse mythology, it alludes to the fact that there are other mythologies co-existing in the world. Barlog also said that he liked the idea of having different directors for each game, seen throughout the first seven games, and although he may not direct another \"God of War\", he would still be at Santa Monica to work on future games. Most of the development team that worked on the original \"God of War\" worked on the new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19574828", "score": "1.0483541", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "God of War: Betrayal", "text": "God of War: Betrayal God of War: Betrayal is a two-dimensional (2D) side-scrolling action-adventure mobile game developed by Javaground and Sony Online Entertainment's (SOE) Los Angeles division, and published by Sony Pictures Digital. Released for mobile phones supporting the Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) on June 20, 2007, it is the third installment in the \"God of War\" series, and the fifth chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, \"Betrayal\" is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist Kratos, who became the new God of War after killing the former, Ares. Kratos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10459450", "score": "1.0457535", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "God of War (DC Comics)", "text": "God of War (DC Comics) God of War is a six-issue American comic book limited series set in the Greek mythology era of the \"God of War\" universe. The series was written by Marv Wolfman, illustrated by Andrea Sorrentino, and the cover art for each issue was produced by Andy Park, who was also an artist for the video game series. The first five issues of \"God of War\" were published by WildStorm. Due to the company's closure in December 2010, the final issue was published by their parent company, DC Comics. The series' launch coincided with the release of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14143676", "score": "1.0423808", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Characters of God of War", "text": "the boy while hiding his past from him. Their journey to keep a promise to the boy's late mother ends with Kratos and Atreus becoming enemies to the Norse gods. \"God of War\" (2005), created by Sony's Santa Monica Studio, was the inaugural game in the series, the main part of which continued with \"God of War II\" (2007), \"God of War III\" (2010), and series prequel \"\" (2013); and side games \"\" (2007), \"\" (2008), and \"\" (2010). These seven games comprised the Greek era of the series. The Norse era began with the sequel to \"God of War", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14114240", "score": "1.0414891", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "God of War III", "text": "God of War III God of War III is an action-adventure hack and slash video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). Released for the PlayStation 3 (PS3) console on March 16, 2010, the game is the fifth installment in the \"God of War\" series, the seventh chronologically, and the sequel to 2007's \"God of War II\". Loosely based on Greek mythology, the game is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist and former God of War Kratos, after his betrayal at the hands of his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10169034", "score": "1.0376335", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "God of War (2018 video game)", "text": "mysterious man with godlike powers. After seemingly killing him, Kratos and Atreus begin their journey. Reaching the Lake of the Nine, Kratos and Atreus encounter the friendly World Serpent, Jörmungandr, the last remaining giant. After running into impenetrable black mist which can only be extinguished with the Light of Alfheim, they receive aid from the Witch of the Woods to use the Bifröst in order to travel to Alfheim and secure the Light. Upon vanquishing the mist and reaching Midgard's peak, they overhear a conversation between the mysterious man, revealed to be Baldur, his nephews Modi and Magni, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19574815", "score": "1.0366082", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "by Ares, the God of War; beyond the city is the Desert of Lost Souls, a vast and windy desert of ancient ruins. The majority of the game occurs in Pandora’s Temple, which is chained to the back of the Titan Cronos, who crawls through the desert. The massive temple, constructed by the architect Pathos Verdes III, is filled with traps and monsters, and has three sections dedicated to the Titan Atlas and gods Poseidon and Hades, respectively. The Underworld is a fiery realm with spiked pillars full of souls and flaming versions of previously encountered enemies. Athens is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757039", "score": "1.0357296", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "God of War (franchise)", "text": "gods, Spartan soldier Kratos is tasked by Athena to find Pandora's Box; the key to defeating Ares, the God of War, who is running amok through Athens. A series of flashbacks reveals that Kratos was once the servant of Ares, who saved the Spartan and his army from annihilation in battle, but tricked him into killing his family which forced his metamorphosis into the \"Ghost of Sparta\". Kratos eventually finds Pandora's Box, and after finally killing Ares, he ascends to Mount Olympus to become the new God of War. God of War II was first released in North America on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11696457", "score": "1.0333233", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Characters of God of War", "text": "fulfill her promise to spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms. Atreus did not know about Kratos' past or that he was a god. After Atreus falls ill due to a mental contradiction of a god thinking himself mortal, Kratos goes to Helheim to retrieve an item to heal him. After Atreus is cured, Kratos reveals that he is a god, but says nothing about his past. Knowing he is a god and thinking he can do anything, Atreus becomes arrogant and murders Modi, despite Kratos ordering not to. The two eventually make amends and team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14114265", "score": "1.0301816", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "God of War (2005 video game)", "text": "But Ares, aware of his former servant's success, kills Kratos as he is leaving the Temple. While harpies take the Box to Ares, Kratos falls into the Underworld. He battles his way through the fiery realm, and with help from the mysterious gravedigger, who tells him Athena is not the only god watching over him, he escapes and returns to Athens. Kratos recovers Pandora's Box from Ares, opens it, and uses its power to become godlike. Despite Ares' best efforts to destroy Kratos physically and mentally, including stripping him of the Blades of Chaos and all magic, he survives and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757046", "score": "1.0285453", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "1998", "2015", "1997" ]

[ { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "came to an end after losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the , 34–17, on January 22, 2006. Denver turned the ball over four times and were outscored in the first half, 24–3. The Steelers went on to win Super Bowl XL. The Broncos surprisingly drafted a quarterback, Jay Cutler, following the season in which Plummer nearly led them to the Super Bowl. Plummer's erratic 2006 performance led to his benching in favor of Cutler 12 games into the season. Cutler would go on to lead the Broncos to a 2–3 record in the team's last five games. The Broncos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862397", "score": "1.0771219", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXIV", "text": "1990 saw them fall to 5-11, which put them last in the AFC West. While they returned to the playoffs in 1991, the Broncos failed to make the Super Bowl after losing the AFC Championship Game to the Buffalo Bills. That marked the first time in their existence that Denver lost the conference championship. They eventually returned to success as Elway led the team to an NFL-best 13-3 record in 1996, only to lose in their first playoff game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. Incidentally, that was the final time in Elway's career that he would lose a playoff game. After", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394529", "score": "1.05927", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXII", "text": "with :32 remaining, and both teams were charged a timeout. Then on 4th down, Denver linebacker John Mobley broke up a pass intended for Chmura, enabling the Broncos to take the ball back and run out the clock for the victory. During the post-game victory celebration, Broncos owner Pat Bowlen held the Vince Lombardi Trophy in the air and said, \"This one's for John,\" referring to the fact that Elway's long quest for a Super Bowl victory was finally complete. A remarkable fact about Denver's offensive performance was that, except for two penalties and Elway's kneel-downs to end each half,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394924", "score": "1.0434917", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Denver Broncos", "text": "divisional titles, three AFC championships and three Super Bowl appearances (Super Bowl XXI, XXII and XXIV) during their 12-year span together. The Broncos lost Super Bowl XXI to the New York Giants, 39–20; Super Bowl XXII to the Washington Redskins, 42–10; and Super Bowl XXIV to the San Francisco 49ers, 55–10; the latter score remains the most lopsided scoring differential in Super Bowl history. The last year of the Reeves-Elway era were marked by feuding, due to Reeves taking on play-calling duties after ousting Elway's favorite offensive coordinator Mike Shanahan after the 1991 season, as well as Reeves drafting quarterback", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106542", "score": "1.0349506", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "own nickname: The Drive in 1987, in which the Broncos drove 98 yards to score a late game-tying touchdown, and The Fumble in 1988, in which Brown Earnest Byner lost the ball and a game-tying touchdown late in the game. However, the Broncos lost all three Super Bowls during this period by at least three touchdowns. In fact, Super Bowl XXIV against the San Francisco 49ers was the most lopsided Super Bowl in NFL history. During the 1980s, the Broncos played in at least two storied \"Monday Night Football\" games. On October 15, 1984, the Broncos played a famed game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862380", "score": "1.0266135", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXIV", "text": "his three previous attempts had gone unsuccessfully, Elway led the Broncos to Super Bowl XXXII where they finally broke through and won the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history over the Green Bay Packers. A year later, in what later proved to be the final game of his career, Elway led the Broncos to another victory in the Super Bowl as Denver won Super Bowl XXXIII 34-19 over the Atlanta Falcons. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXIV, Super Bowl XXIV Play Finder SF, Super Bowl XXIV Play Finder Den Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted The following", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394530", "score": "1.0265373", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "John Elway", "text": "Player Award. He went on to once again lead the Broncos to a victory over the Browns in the AFC title game, earning their second consecutive Super Bowl appearance, this one against the Washington Redskins. The game started out very well for Denver, and they built up a 10–0 lead by the end of the first quarter. At the time, no team had ever overcome a 10–0 deficit in the Super Bowl. But in the second quarter, the Redskins suddenly stormed back with a record 35 points, and ended up winning Super Bowl XXII 42–10. Elway did have a few", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071588", "score": "1.0256706", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2014 Denver Broncos season", "text": "1960–64; Dan Reeves, who coached the Broncos from 1981–92 and led the team to three Super Bowl appearances in 1986, 1987 and 1989; wide receiver Rick Upchurch, who played with the Broncos from 1975–83. Coming off back-to-back home wins to start the season, the Broncos traveled to CenturyLink Field for an interconference duel against the Seattle Seahawks, hoping to avenge their 43–8 blowout loss to the Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII. On the Broncos' first possession, Seahawks' safety Kam Chancellor forced a fumble off running back Montee Ball deep in Broncos' territory. The ensuing Seahawks' drive culminated in placekicker Steven", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17736130", "score": "1.0228345", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "12, 2013, the Broncos made their 2013 playoff debut against the Baltimore Ravens in Denver, only to lose 38–35 in double overtime. Baltimore went on to win Super Bowl XLVII. In , the Broncos went 13–3, and scored a record 606 points in the season, including an NFL-record 55 touchdown passes from Manning, in completing the first division title three-peat in their history. This time, they lived up to preseason expectations, defeating San Diego 24–17 (after leading 17–0) in the AFC Divisional, and New England 26–16 (after leading 20–3) in the AFC Championship to advance to face the NFC champion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862422", "score": "1.0226836", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Denver Broncos", "text": "winning season until 1973. In 1977, four years later, they qualified for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history and advanced to Super Bowl XII. Since 1975, the Broncos have become one of the NFL's more successful teams, having suffered only seven losing seasons. They have won eight AFC Championships (1977, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997, 1998, 2013, 2015, and three Super Bowl championships (1997 (XXXII), 1998 (XXXIII), 2015 (50). However, the Broncos share the NFL record for most Super Bowl losses (5) with the New England Patriots. They have five players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "John Elway", "text": "as \"The Drive.\" (In a span of 5 minutes and 2 seconds, Elway led his team 98 yards to tie the game with 37 seconds left in regulation. The Broncos went on to win the game in overtime.) Elway and the Broncos started out the Super Bowl against the New York Giants very well, building a 10–7 lead and then driving to the Giants 1-yard line in the second quarter. However, the Broncos lost five yards on their next three plays and came up empty after kicker Rich Karlis missed the field goal attempt. From that point on, the rest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071586", "score": "1.0135732", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1998 Denver Broncos season", "text": "23–10 after coming back from a 10–0 deficit. Many had expected Denver to play the Minnesota Vikings in the Super Bowl, the team with the number one record that year at 15–1, but the Vikings lost the NFC Championship Game to the Atlanta Falcons in overtime. The Broncos defeated the Falcons 34–19 in Super Bowl XXXIII. Elway was the Super Bowl MVP and Davis rushed for over 100 yards. It was Elway's last game, and until the 2013 season, the last time Denver reached the Super Bowl. The Broncos had 3,808 yards passing, sixth in the league. They had 2,468", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6471470", "score": "1.0100148", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sylvester Williams (American football)", "text": "part of the Broncos team that won Super Bowl 50. In the game, the Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers by a score of 24–10. In the Super Bowl, Williams recorded two tackles and defended a pass. The Broncos won the game by a score of 24–10, giving Williams his first career championship title after defeating the Carolina Panthers. It was also the first time in 17 years and third time in franchise history the Broncos won the Super Bowl. On March 10, 2017, Williams signed a three-year contract with the Tennessee Titans. On March 17, 2018, Williams was released by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16963604", "score": "1.0083824", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "player is former quarterback John Elway, starting quarterback in five Super Bowls and holder of many NFL records. The Broncos currently play in the National Football League's AFC West division. Their current leadership includes owner Pat Bowlen, CEO Joe Ellis, VP John Elway, and head coach Vance Joseph. For much of their first 3 decades, excluding teams in Texas, they were the only major pro football team between Kansas City and California (and the only team in the Interior West). This distinction ended in 1988, when the Cardinals moved from St. Louis to Phoenix. The Broncos remain the only current", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862361", "score": "1.006375", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "John Elway", "text": "three interceptions. After recording an 8–8 record in 1988, Elway once again led his team to the Super Bowl after the 1989 season, with yet another win over the Browns in the AFC championship game, going on to face the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XXIV. However this game ended even worse for the Broncos than their previous Super Bowl losses. San Francisco blew out Denver 55–10, the most lopsided score in Super Bowl history. Although Elway scored the only touchdown for his team on a three-yard run, his performance was abysmal: 10 out of 26 completions for 108", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2071590", "score": "1.0063272", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Denver Broncos", "text": "Bowl championships ( (XXXII), (XXXIII), (50)). However, the Broncos share the NFL record for most Super Bowl losses (5) with the New England Patriots. They have eight players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame: John Elway, Floyd Little, Shannon Sharpe, Gary Zimmerman, Willie Brown, Tony Dorsett, Terrell Davis, and Brian Dawkins. The Denver Broncos were founded on August 14, 1959, when Minor League Baseball owner Bob Howsam was awarded an American Football League (AFL) charter franchise. The Broncos won the first-ever AFL game over the Boston Patriots 13–10, on September 9, 1960. On August 5, 1967, they became the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106536", "score": "1.0049392", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "1998 Denver Broncos season", "text": "Bowl champions on the NFL Network's documentary series \"\". Despite a subpar performance from Quarterback John Elway, the Broncos come from a ten-point deficit to score twenty three unanswered points, thanks in large part to the Jets turning the ball over an astonishing six times. The Denver Broncos become the third team in the last 10 years to repeat as Super Bowl champions, along with the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys. John Elway was voted Super Bowl MVP. The Broncos won their first 13 games of the season. There was much speculation that they might finish 19–0 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6471468", "score": "1.002772", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "the Broncos rally to a victory over the San Diego Chargers. A Patriots loss to Miami coupled with the Broncos' win, allowed Denver to enjoy the AFC's top seed and home-field advantage for the playoffs. Denver defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23-16 in the divisional round and got a second victory over the Patriots in the AFC Championship game by the score of 20-18. The Broncos' victory was sealed when cornerback Bradley Roby intercepted a 2-point conversion attempt with less than a minute to go in the game. Super Bowl 50 pitted the Broncos against the favored Carolina Panthers. The Broncos'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862427", "score": "1.0025667", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "1997 Denver Broncos season", "text": "logo. Their default colors were blue tops, blue pants and orange shoes. This would continue until 2012 when they assigned the all blue to the \"Main Alternate\" slot, replacing the primary uniforms with orange tops, white bottoms and orange/white shoes. Having lost a disappointing playoff game to Jacksonville the year before, many thought this might be John Elway's last chance to win a Super Bowl. They started off the season by winning their first six games, beating the Chiefs, Seahawks, Rams, Bengals, Falcons and Patriots in the first game between the last two unbeaten NFL teams since 1973. They then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6468830", "score": "1.0007629", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "for touchdowns. After losing in the divisional round of the playoffs during three of the previous four seasons, the Denver Broncos' general manager John Elway made numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox, who had won four divisional championships in his four years as Broncos head coach, being replaced in that role by Gary Kubiak, Elway's former backup quarterback and former Broncos offensive coordinator. Wade Phillips, a former Broncos head coach, returned to the team to serve his second stint as defensive coordinator, succeeding Jack Del Rio who had left to take the head coaching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084476", "score": "1.0002893", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "the teams alternated scores, but the Broncos never led in the game. On September 14, two days after the loss to the Jaguars, the Broncos acquired running back Laurence Maroney in a trade from the New England Patriots (for a 2011 fourth-round selection). In Week 2, the Broncos cruised to a relatively easy 31–14 win against the Seattle Seahawks, in the team's home opener. On September 20, just a day after the win over the Seahawks, tragedy struck the Broncos organization, when wide receiver Kenny McKinley was found dead in his Centennial, Colorado home of an apparent suicide, at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862408", "score": "0.99692273", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "1998 NFC Championship Game", "text": "recalled that Shanahan insinuated relief that the Broncos were not playing the Vikings when the two met at a reception after the conference championship games. Two weeks later in the Super Bowl, the Falcons played the Broncos, the game pitting coach Dan Reeves against his former team and their star quarterback, John Elway. Reeves had led the Broncos to three Super Bowl appearances, all losses, and he was fired as the Broncos' head coach after the 1992 NFL season. Afterward, Elway was quoted as saying, \"These last three years have been hell. I know I would not have been back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20017158", "score": "0.99550116", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Denver Broncos", "text": "the defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, 27–13, denying New England from becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The Broncos' playoff run came to an end next week, after losing at home to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship game, 34–17. The Steelers went on to win Super Bowl XL. The Broncos' defense began the first five games of the 2006 season allowing only one touchdown—an NFL record, but struggled down the season stretch. Plummer led the team to a 7–2 record, only to struggle and be replaced by rookie quarterback", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106547", "score": "0.9932862", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "2005 Denver Broncos season", "text": "final score of 23–7. The Broncos entered their third consecutive year in the playoffs with the momentum of a four-game winning streak. With a record of 13–3, they were tied with the Seattle Seahawks for second overall in the league, behind the 14–2 Indianapolis Colts. They were seeded number two in the AFC behind the Colts. On January 14, 2006, the Broncos defeated the two-time defending champions, the New England Patriots, 27–13, ending the Patriots chance of becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The last team with a chance of winning three consecutive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7071527", "score": "0.99324685", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII, at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Coming into the game, the team was a 2.5-point favorite, but on the opening play, Manning missed an errant snap, resulting in a Seahawks' safety. This was the start of a miserable game for the Broncos, as they were drilled 43–8 by the Seahawks, the third-largest blowout in Super Bowl history (the largest, ironically, was the 1989 Broncos' losing Super Bowl XXIV 55–10). The game was never in doubt, as the Seahawks led 36-0 at one point. The Broncos were one of the few teams ever", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862423", "score": "0.99289215", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "defense created three lost fumbles and an interception and scored a defensive touchdown to power the team to a 24-10 victory, the third NFL title for the franchise. Von Miller, who had 2.5 sacks and two forced fumbles, was named the game's Most Valuable Player. Peyton Manning made history as the first quarterback to start and win a Super Bowl for two teams. Gary Kubiak became the fourth coach to win a Super Bowl in his first year with a new team. The Broncos' third championship tied them for seventh-most Super Bowl wins all-time, along with the Washington Redskins and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862428", "score": "0.9905582", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "History of the Denver Broncos", "text": "winning streak. Denver finished the regular season with a record of 13–3, tying them with the Seattle Seahawks for second best overall record in the league, behind the 14–2 Indianapolis Colts. Denver was seeded number two in the AFC behind the Colts. On January 14, 2006, the Broncos defeated the two-time defending champion New England Patriots, 27–13, in the – denying the Patriots from becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The last team with an opportunity of winning three consecutive Super Bowls before the Patriots were the Broncos themselves. The Broncos' playoff run", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862396", "score": "0.98990464", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "2015 Denver Broncos season", "text": "play to keep the drive alive. With 17 seconds remaining, the Patriots were facing a 4th-and-goal at the Broncos' 4-yard line, and Brady found Gronkowski in the back of the end zone for a touchdown to narrow the Broncos' lead to 20–18. However, Broncos' cornerback Bradley Roby intercepted Brady on the potential game-tying two point conversion attempt. The Patriots' ensuing onside kick attempt was unsuccessful, sealing the win for the Broncos. With the win, the Broncos advanced to their eighth Super Bowl in team history. Placekicker Brandon McManus gave the Broncos the lead on the first possession of the game,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18388848", "score": "0.98685396", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Wes Welker", "text": "the Divisional Round. On January 19, Welker earned his third AFC Championship win and Super Bowl appearance after he helped the Broncos defeat his former team, New England Patriots, 26-16, but failed to get his first Super Bowl ring. The Broncos lost to the Seattle Seahawks, 43-8 in Super Bowl XLVIII, being the third Super Bowl loss of Welker's career. He had 8 catches for 84 yards in the loss. During the third preseason game on August 23, Welker was diagnosed with a concussion after a hit by Houston Texans safety D.J. Swearinger, his third in 10 months. On September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6005537", "score": "0.98674303", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "2005 Denver Broncos season", "text": "Super Bowls before the Patriots were the Broncos themselves. The Broncos' run came to an end by losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship 34–17 on January 22, 2006. Their strength of controlling the ball collapsed with 4 turnovers. They were outscored in the first half 24–3 and were not able to come from behind to win in the second half. The Steelers went on to win Super Bowl XL. Despite scoring 27 points on offense, the Broncos defense was the story of the day. They forced five Patriots turnovers, including intercepting Tom Brady twice, while recovering three", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7071528", "score": "0.9858889", "original_retrieval_index": 47 } ]

[ "Best Makeup", "Best Visual Effects", "Best Art Direction" ]

[ { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "Academy Awards the film won in three categories: \"Best Achievement in Art Direction\", \"Best Achievement in Makeup\", and \"Best Achievement in Visual Effects\". It was also nominated in ten other categories: \"Best Motion Picture of the Year\", \"Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role\", \"Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role\", \"Best Achievement in Directing\", \"Best Writing, Adapted Screenplay\", \"Best Achievement in Cinematography\", \"Best Achievement in Film Editing\", \"Best Achievement in Costume Design\", \"Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures, Original Score\", and \"Best Achievement in Sound Mixing\". Taraji P. Henson won \"Best Actress\" at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175202", "score": "1.2989873", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "the \"BET Awards\" for her role in the film combined with two other performances in \"Not Easily Broken\", and \"The Family That Preys\". The film won all four awards it was nominated for at the 7th Visual Effects Society Awards, the categories of \"Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects-Driven Feature Motion Picture,\" \"Best Single Visual Effect of the Year,\" \"Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture,\" and \"Outstanding Compositing in a Feature Motion Picture.\" \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" was originally slated for theatrical release in May 2008, but it was pushed back to November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175203", "score": "1.2252219", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "domestically and $206.4 million in foreign markets, with a total gross of $333.9 million. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 72% of critics gave the film positive reviews based on 238 reviews. Consensus reads: \"Curious Case of Benjamin Button is an epic fantasy tale with rich storytelling backed by fantastic performances.\" According to Metacritic, the film received an average score of 70 out of 100, based on 37 reviews. Yahoo! Movies reported the film received a B+ average score from critical consensus, based on 12 reviews. Todd McCarthy of \"Variety\" magazine gave the film a positive review, calling it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175205", "score": "1.1905706", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse and Cate Blanchett as the love interest throughout his life. The film was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews. The film received thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175186", "score": "1.1508024", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "26, 2008. The release date was moved again to December 25 in the United States, January 16, 2009 in Mexico, February 6 in the United Kingdom, February 13 in Italy and February 27 in South Africa. On its opening day, the film opened in the number two position behind \"Marley & Me\", in North America with $11,871,831 in 2,988 theaters with a $3,973 average. However, during its opening weekend, the film dropped to the third position behind \"Marley & Me\" and \"Bedtime Stories\" with $26,853,816 in 2,988 theaters with an $8,987 average. The film has come to gross $127.5 million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175204", "score": "1.0975647", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "a gimmick that goes on for nearly three hours ... \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" is an anodyne Hollywood film that offers a safe and sanitised view of life and death.\" James Christopher in \"The Times\" called it \"a tedious marathon of smoke and mirrors. In terms of the basic requirements of three-reel drama the film lacks substance, credibility, a decent script and characters you might actually care for.\" Derek Malcolm of London's \"Evening Standard\" felt that \"never at any point do you feel that there's anything more to it than a very strange story traversed by a film-maker", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175211", "score": "1.0898706", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "a \"richly satisfying serving of deep-dish Hollywood storytelling.\" Peter Howell of \"The Toronto Star\" says: \"It's been said that the unexamined life is not worth living. \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" suggests an addendum: a life lived backwards can be far more enriching\" and describes the film as \"a magical and moving account of a man living his life resoundingly in reverse\" and \"moviemaking at its best.\" Rod Yates of \"Empire\" awarded it five out of a possible five stars. Kirk Honeycutt of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" felt the film was \"superbly made and winningly acted by Brad Pitt in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175206", "score": "1.0851235", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "who knows what he is doing but not always why he is doing it.\" The film was released on DVD on May 5, 2009 by Paramount, and on Blu-ray and 2-Disc DVD by The Criterion Collection. The Criterion release includes over three hours of special features, and a documentary about the making of the film. As of November 1, 2009 the DVD has sold 2,515,722 DVD copies and has generated $41,196,515 in sales revenue. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama film directed by David Fincher. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175212", "score": "1.0850497", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "London Film Critics Circle Awards 2008", "text": "of Benjamin Button\" Thomas Turgoose - \"Somers Town and Eden Lake\" London Film Critics Circle Awards 2008 The 29th London Film Critics Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 2008, were announced by the London Film Critics Circle on 4 February 2009. The Wrestler Slumdog Millionaire \"Waltz with Bashir\" • Israel David Fincher - \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" Danny Boyle - \"Slumdog Millionaire\" Simon Beaufoy - \"Slumdog Millionaire\" Steve McQueen - \"Hunger\" Mickey Rourke - \"The Wrestler\" Kate Winslet - \"The Reader\" and \"Revolutionary Road\" Michael Fassbender - \"Hunger\" Kristin Scott Thomas - \"I've Loved You So", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14276111", "score": "1.0781945", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "The film was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews. The film went on to receive thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best Actor for Pitt and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "David Fincher", "text": "studio, expectations surrounding Robert Downey, Jr.'s supporting performance, Fincher's direction and Vanderbilt's adapted script, the film did not earn a single Oscar nomination. A story about life and death, \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" is an adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story of the same name. The film was Fincher's third with Brad Pitt. The film started shooting in November 2006 in New Orleans, before moving on to the Virgin Islands, Montreal, and L.A. Both \"Zodiac\" and this film are co-productions of Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. The budget for the film was estimated at $150 million, partly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "105862", "score": "1.059186", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Not Easily Broken", "text": "a big input in their marriage. They reunite and Dave finds out that Clarice is pregnant. At the Black Reel Awards, Bill Duke was nominated for \"Best Director\", and Brian Bird was nominated for \"Best Screenplay, Original or Adapted\". Taraji P. Henson won \"Best Actress\" at the \"BET Awards\" for her role in the film combined with two other performances in \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\", and \"The Family That Preys\". Albert Hall won the \"Grace Award for Movies\" at the 2010 \"Movieguide Awards\". The film has received mainly negative to mixed reviews from critics. As of December 20,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12780475", "score": "1.0546436", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying that it is \"a splendidly made film based on a profoundly mistaken premise. ... the movie's premise devalues any relationship, makes futile any friendship or romance, and spits, not into the face of destiny, but backward into the maw of time.\" Peter Bradshaw in \"The Guardian\" called it \"166 minutes of twee tedium\", giving it one star out of five. Cosmo Landesman of the \"Sunday Times\" gave the film two out of five stars, writing: \"The film's premise serves no purpose. It's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175210", "score": "1.051451", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "his most impressive outing to date.\" Honeycutt praised Fincher's directing of the film and noted that the \"cinematography wonderfully marries a palette of subdued earthen colors with the necessary CGI and other visual effects that place one in a magical past.\" Honeycutt states the bottom line about \"Benjamin Button\" is that it is \"an intimate epic about love and loss that is pure cinema.\" A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" states: \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\", more than two and a half hours long, sighs with longing and simmers with intrigue while investigating the philosophical conundrums and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175207", "score": "1.0293694", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "Robin Swicord wrote for director Ron Howard an adapted screenplay of the short story, a project which would potentially star actor John Travolta. In May 2000, Paramount Pictures hired screenwriter Jim Taylor to adapt a screenplay from the short story. The studio also attached director Spike Jonze to helm the project. Screenwriter Charlie Kaufman had also written a draft of the adapted screenplay at one point. In June 2003, director Gary Ross entered final negotiations to helm the project based on a new draft penned by screenwriter Eric Roth. In May 2004, director David Fincher entered negotiations to replace Ross", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175197", "score": "1.0236995", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "any movie—it is shadowed by disappointment and fated to end.\" On the other hand, Anne Hornaday of \"The Washington Post\" states: \"There's no denying the sheer ambition and technical prowess of \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\". What's less clear is whether it entirely earns its own inflated sense of self-importance\" and further says, \"It plays too safe when it should be letting its freak flag fly.\" Kimberley Jones of the \"Austin Chronicle\" panned the film and stated, \"Fincher's selling us cheekboned movie stars frolicking in bedsheets and calling it a great love. I didn't buy it for a second.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175209", "score": "1.0212754", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "ease of accessibility to rural and urban sets in New Orleans and said that the recovery from Hurricane Katrina did not serve as an atypical hindrance to production. In March 2007, production moved to Los Angeles for two more months of filming. Principal photography was targeted to last a total of 150 days. Additional time was needed at visual effects house Digital Domain to make the visual effects for the metamorphosis of Brad Pitt's character to the infant stage. The director used a camera system called Contour, developed by Steve Perlman, to capture facial deformation data from live-action performances. Several", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175200", "score": "1.0041599", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Kirk Baxter", "text": "\"Zodiac\". When Wall was chosen to edit \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\", he proposed to Fincher that Baxter be the co-editor, and they have since worked together on Fincher's subsequent films. Baxter and Wall were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing, the BAFTA Award for Best Editing, and the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award for their work on \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\". For their work on \"The Social Network\", Baxter and Wall won an Oscar and a BAFTA in 2011. The following year, they won a second Oscar for \"The Girl with the Dragon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13187218", "score": "1.0006051", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "81st Academy Awards", "text": "show for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on February 7, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Biel. \"Slumdog Millionaire\" won eight awards, the most of the evening, including Best Picture and Best Director for Danny Boyle. Other winners were \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" with three awards, \"The Dark Knight\" and \"Milk\" with two awards, and \"Departures\", \"The Duchess\", \"La Maison en Petits Cubes\", \"Man on Wire\", \"The Reader\", \"Smile Pinki\", \"Toyland\", \"Vicky Cristina Barcelona\", and \"WALL-E\" with one. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11609336", "score": "0.9921076", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Academy Award for Best Cinematography", "text": "(1930) is incomplete, and \"Sadie Thompson\" (1927) is incomplete and partially reconstructed with stills. The first nominees shot primarily on digital video were \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" and \"Slumdog Millionaire\" in 2009, with \"Slumdog Millionaire\" the first winner. The following year \"Avatar\" was the first nominee and winner to be shot entirely on digital video. In 2018, Rachel Morrison became the first woman to receive a nomination. Prior to that it had been the last gender-neutral Academy Award category to never nominate a woman. Winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees. Academy Award", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "737193", "score": "0.9853396", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "emotional paradoxes of its protagonist’s condition in a spirit that owes more to Jorge Luis Borges than to Fitzgerald.\" Scott praised Fincher and writes \"Building on the advances of pioneers like Steven Spielberg, Peter Jackson and Robert Zemeckis, Mr. Fincher has added a dimension of delicacy and grace to digital filmmaking\" and further states: \"While it stands on the shoulders of breakthroughs like \"Minority Report\", \"The Lord of the Rings\" and \"Forrest Gump\", \"Benjamin Button\" may be the most dazzling such hybrid yet, precisely because it is the subtlest.\" He also stated: \"At the same time, like any other love—like", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175208", "score": "0.9828019", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "81st Academy Awards", "text": "telecast garnered almost 37 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 81st Academy Awards were announced on January 22, 2009, at 5:38 p.m. PST (13:38 UTC) at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Sid Ganis, president of the Academy, and the actor Forest Whitaker. \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" received the most nominations with thirteen (the ninth film to garner that many nominations); \"Slumdog Millionaire\" came in second with ten. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 22, 2009. \"Slumdog Millionaire\" was the eleventh film, and last to date, to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11609337", "score": "0.97992206", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "digital environments for the film were created by Matte World Digital, including multiple shots of the interior of the New Orleans train station, to show architectural alterations and deterioration throughout different eras. The train station was built as a 3D model and lighting and aging effects were added, using Next Limit's Maxwell rendering software—an architectural visualization tool. Overall production was finished in September 2007. The score to \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" was written by French composer Alexandre Desplat, who recorded his score with an 87-piece ensemble of the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Sony Scoring Stage. At the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175201", "score": "0.9775948", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "81st Academy Awards", "text": "years, the field of major nominees favored independent, low-budget films over blockbusters. However, one of the nominees for Best Picture had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced (compared with none from the previous year). The combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $188 million with an average gross of $37.7 million per film. \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $104.4 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by \"Slumdog Millionaire\" ($44.7 million), \"Milk\" ($20.7 million), \"Frost/Nixon\" ($8.8", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11609343", "score": "0.97357357", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "not work out how to make the story work. The film was optioned in 1991 by Steven Spielberg, with Tom Cruise attached for the lead role, but Spielberg left the project to direct \"Jurassic Park\" and \"Schindler's List\". Other directors attached were Patrick Read Johnson and Agnieszka Holland. Stark eventually sold the rights to producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall, who took the film to Paramount Pictures, with Universal Pictures still on as a co-production partner. By summer 1994, Maryland Film Office chief Jack Gerbes was approached with the possibility of making the film in Baltimore. In October 1998, screenwriter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175196", "score": "0.9683176", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Brad Pitt", "text": "Scott Fitzgerald. The story follows a man who is born an octogenarian and ages in reverse, with Pitt's \"sensitive\" performance making \"Benjamin Button\" a \"timeless masterpiece\", according to Michael Sragow of \"The Baltimore Sun\". The performance earned Pitt his first Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, as well as a fourth Golden Globe and second Academy Award nomination, all in the category for Best Actor. The film received thirteen Academy Award nominations in total, and grossed $329 million at the box office worldwide. Pitt's next leading role came in 2009 with the Quentin Tarantino-directed war film \"Inglourious Basterds\", which premiered at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "554677", "score": "0.9671", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Bedtime Stories (film)", "text": "some chuckles from pre-teens, this kid-friendly Adam Sandler comedy is uneven, poorly paced, and lacks the requisite whimsy to truly work.\" Metacritic gave the film a 33/100 approval rating based on 26 reviews. \"Slashfilm\" predicted that \"Bedtime Stories\" would open #1 during the December 25–28, 2008 Christmas weekend due to its family appeal and the box office draw of Adam Sandler, but it came at #3 grossing $38 million behind \"Marley & Me\" and \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\". However, during the standard 3-day weekend, it jumped ahead of \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" ranking #2 behind \"Marley", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11679916", "score": "0.9633032", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "with Blanchett in \"Babel\" and with Swinton in \"Burn After Reading\". For \"Benjamin Button\", New Orleans, Louisiana and the surrounding area was chosen as the filming location for the story to take advantage of the state's production incentives, and shooting was slated to begin in October 2006. By filming in Louisiana and taking advantage of the state's film incentive, the production received $27 million, which was used to finance a significant portion of the film's $167 million budget. Filming of \"Benjamin Button\" began on November 6, 2006 in New Orleans. In January 2007, Blanchett joined the shoot. Fincher praised the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175199", "score": "0.9592328", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)", "text": "the boys they lost in the war, including his own son, could come home again and live full lives. Mr. Gateau was never seen again. Daisy then asks Caroline to read aloud from the diary of Benjamin Button. On the evening of November 11, 1918, a boy is born with the appearance and maladies of an elderly man. After the baby's mother dies during childbirth, the father, Thomas Button, abandons the infant on the porch of a nursing home. Queenie and Mr. \"Tizzy\" Weathers find the baby, and Queenie decides to raise him as her own. Benjamin learns to walk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175188", "score": "0.9569365", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story)", "text": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story) \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" is a short story written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published in \"Collier's\" Magazine on May 27, 1922. It was subsequently anthologized in his book \"Tales of the Jazz Age\", which is occasionally published as \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Other Jazz Age Stories\". In 1860 Baltimore, Benjamin is born with the physical appearance of a 70-year-old man, already capable of speech. His father Roger invites neighborhood boys to play with him and orders him to play with children's toys, but Benjamin obeys only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8246226", "score": "0.95450974", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "6–14 July" ]

[ { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "was gored by a bull soon after its publication. (See Further Reading section below.) Although the most famous running of the bulls is that of San Fermín, they are held in towns and villages across Spain, Portugal, and in some cities in southern France during the summer. Examples are the bull run of San Sebastián de los Reyes, near Madrid, at the end of August which is the most popular of Spain after Pamplona, the bull run of Cuéllar, considered as the oldest of Spain since there are documents of its existence dating back to 1215, the Highland Capeias of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767208", "score": "1.2306168", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "San Fermín", "text": "a fireworks display at the city hall. This closing ceremony tradition started out in the 1920s. The running of the bulls (In Spanish \"encierro or los toros de san Fermin\") involves hundreds of people running in front of six bulls and another six steers down an 825-meter (0.51 mile) stretch of narrow streets of a section of the old town of Pamplona. The run ends in the Pamplona's bullring taking a mean time of around 3 minutes where the bulls would be held until the afternoon's bullfight when they would be killed. Bullruns are held between July 7 and 14", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1742509", "score": "1.1501021", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "or first weekend of October. Some links may contain graphic content where marked. Running of the bulls The running of the bulls (, from the verb \"encerrar\", 'to corral, to enclose'; , literally 'haste, momentum'; , 'street-bulls') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of cattle, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned-off subset of a town's streets, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767218", "score": "1.1393214", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Running of the Nudes", "text": "Running of the Nudes The Running of the Nudes, like the well-known Running of the Bulls, takes place in Pamplona, Spain. The Running of the Nudes occurs two days before the Running of the Bulls, just before the start of the nine-day festival of San Fermín. The event was created in 2002 and is supported by animal welfare groups, including PETA, who object to the Running of the Bulls, claiming that the event is cruel and glorifies bullfighting, which the groups oppose. In the Running of the Nudes, naked humans, many wearing only plastic horns and red scarves, follow the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10517187", "score": "1.137514", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "cattle) are typically used in such events. The most famous bull-run – what a capitalized \"the Running of the Bulls\" most often refers to in English – is the held in Pamplona during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honour of Saint Fermin. It has become a major global tourism event, today very different from the traditional, local festival. More traditional summer bull-runs are held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain and Portugal, in some cities in Mexico, and in the Occitan (Camargue) region of southern France. Bull-running was formerly also practiced in rural England, most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767191", "score": "1.1180834", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "run in the town every 13 November, for ever after. As of 2013 the bull run had been revived as a ceremonial, festival-style community event. A variation is the nightly \"fire bull\" where balls of flammable material are placed on the horns. Currently the bull is often replaced by a runner carrying a frame on which fireworks are placed and dodgers, usually children, run to avoid the sparks. In 2008, Red Bull Racing driver David Coulthard and Scuderia Toro Rosso driver Sébastien Bourdais performed a version of a 'bull running' event in Pamplona, Spain, with the Formula One cars chasing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767213", "score": "1.117482", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "the Nudes, a demonstration done two days before the beginning of San Fermín in Pamplona. By marching naked, they protested the festival and the following bullfight, arguing the bulls are tortured for entertainment. The city of San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, cancelled its \"Sanmiguelada\" running of the bulls after 2006, citing public disorder associated with the event. After the event was cancelled in San Miguel, the city of Salvatierra, also in the state of Guanajuato, picked up the event. It is now called \"La Marquesada\" and the three-day event is held during the last weekend of the month of September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767217", "score": "1.1110318", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "famously at Stamford until 1837. The origin of this event comes from the need to transport the bulls from the fields outside the city, where they were bred, to the bullring, where they would be killed in the evening. During this \"run\", youngsters would jump among them to show off their bravado. In Pamplona and other places, the six bulls in the event are still those that will feature in the afternoon bullfight of the same day. Spanish tradition holds that bull-running began in northeastern Spain in the early 14th century. While transporting cattle in order to sell them at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767192", "score": "1.107683", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Blanca, Murcia", "text": "in Blanca the famous declaration of Regional Tourist Interest, and it is undoubtedly the most celebrated day for all residents in Blanca. The running of the bulls is a very old tradition that has been held for over three hundred fifty years, and it is a unique event in the Region of Murcia. During the morning the atmosphere that prevails throughout the entire running route of the bulls, is a limitless joy, in which dance and parade of bands encourage all who join the festivities, and where everyone is welcome. It is always held before August 15. The life and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15834212", "score": "1.0849428", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Running of the Bulls", "text": "The Pamplona encierro is the most popular in Spain and has been broadcast live by RTVE, the public Spanish national television channel, for over 30 years. It is the highest profile event of the San Fermin festival, which is held every year from 6–14 July. The first bull running is on 7 July, followed by one on each of the following mornings of the festival, beginning every day at 8 am. Among the rules to take part in the event are that participants must be at least 18 years old, run in the same direction as the bulls, not incite", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Spain", "text": "all over the world go to Spain to experience one of these festivals. One of the most famous is San Fermín, in Pamplona. While its most famous event is the \"encierro\", or the running of the bulls, which happens at 8:00 am from 7 to 14 July, the week-long celebration involves many other traditional and folkloric events. Its events were central to the plot of The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway, which brought it to the general attention of English-speaking people. As a result, it has become one of the most internationally renowned fiestas in Spain, with over 1,000,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "357020", "score": "1.083084", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "(normally in August). Compared to encierros, animals are not directed to any bullring. These festivities are normally organized by the youngsters of the village, as a way for showing their courage and ability with the bull. Some sources consider this tradition a masculine initiation rite to adulthood. Numerous bull-running events happen in France in the region around Sommières, in accordance with the Camargues tradition, in which no bulls are intentionally injured or killed. For instance, in Calvisson, the annual event takes place around 20 July over a period of five days. There are four events: the , in which at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767210", "score": "1.0756677", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "the Raia in Sabugal, Portugal, with horses leading the herd crossing old border passes out of Spain and using the medieval 'Forcåo', or the bull run of Navalcarnero held at night. Other \"encierros\" have also caused fatalities. \"Bous al carrer\", \"correbou\" or \"correbous\" (meaning in Catalan, 'bulls in the street', 'street-bulls') is a typical festivity in many villages in the Valencian region, Terres de l'Ebre, Catalonia, and Fornalutx, Mallorca. Another similar tradition is \"soltes de vaques\", where cows are used instead of bulls. Even though they can take place all along the year, they are most usual during local festivals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767209", "score": "1.0754584", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "the Bull , in which hundreds of red- and white-clad beachgoers are chased down the shore by a single \"bull\" (two people in a pantomime horse-style costume). In Rangiora, New Zealand, an annual Running of the Sheep is held, in which 1000–2000 sheep are released down the main street of the small farming town. The Running of the Bulls UK is a pub crawl event that takes place on London's Hampstead Heath and uses fast human runners in place of bulls. In 2014, Pamplona inaugurated a series of running events in June, the San Fermín Marathon, of a full marathon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767215", "score": "1.0684946", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Running of the Nudes", "text": "same route taken by the Running of the Bulls, from the Santo Domingo corrals through the town’s streets, ending at the Plaza de Toros. The length of the run is some 800 metres (about half a mile) and the event takes about one hour. In 2002, approximately 25 naked streakers ran through Pamplona's winding streets to promote an alternative to the Running of the Bulls. Subsequent events saw a steady increase in the numbers of runners with an estimated 1000 nude or semi-nude runners taking part in the event in 2006. Animal welfare groups across Europe and in North America", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10517188", "score": "1.065966", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "Running of the bulls The running of the bulls (, from the verb \"encerrar\", 'to corral, to enclose'; , literally 'haste, momentum'; , 'street-bulls') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of cattle, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned-off subset of a town's streets, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and Camargue cattle in Occitan France, which are not fought. Actual bulls (non-castrated male", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767190", "score": "1.0525781", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "herd is . The length of the run is . It goes through four streets of the old part of the city (Santo Domingo, Ayuntamiento, Mercaderes and Estafeta) via the Town Hall Square and the short section \"Telefónica\" (named for the location of the old telephone office at end of Calle Estafeta) just before entering into the bullring through its callejón (tunnel). The fastest part of the route is up Santo Domingo and across the Town Hall Square, but the bulls often became separated at the entrance to Estafeta Street as they slowed down. One or more would slip going", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767199", "score": "1.0443089", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Spanish-style bullfighting", "text": "Spanish-style bullfighting Spanish-style bullfighting, known as a \"corrida de toros\" (literally a \"running of the bulls\"), \"fiesta\", is practiced in Spain, where it originates, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, as well as in parts of Southern France and Portugal. In a traditional \"corrida\", three \"toreros, \"also called \"matadores\" or, in French, \"toréadors\", each fight two out of a total of six fighting bulls, each of which is at least four years old and weighs up to about (with a minimum weight limit of for the bullrings of the first degree). Bullfighting season in Spain runs from March to October. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10146609", "score": "1.0395533", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "San Roque, Cádiz", "text": "although the stands and attractions located in the Fairground El Ejido do not open until Wednesday, the day of the inaugural cavalcade. The Royal Fair closes on a Sunday night with a fireworks show and at 7am on the Monday with the Running of the Bulls known locally as Toro del Aguardiente which has occurred yearly since 1649, named as terrified participants are given a shot of the strong alcoholic spirit ‘Aguardiente’ for courage, before running with the bulls to the San Roque bullring, marking the end of the fair. Gabine Muguruza, Tennis Player, French Open Champion, 2016 San Roque,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6154124", "score": "1.0339231", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Feria Real de San Roque", "text": "\"fair\" a series of bullfightings organized on this occasion, and often - especially in Andalusia - the festivities that accompany these bullfights. In many parts of Spain, there are nevertheless still a parting between the festivities and the feria which takes place on this occasion. The Royal Fair closes on a Sunday night with a fireworks show and at 7am on the Monday with the Running of the Bulls known locally as Toro del Aguardiente which has occurred yearly since 1649, named as terrified participants are given a shot of the strong alcoholic spirit ‘Aguardiente’ for courage, before running with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20954927", "score": "1.0316942", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "the controversial tradition. Since 2014, the Esquire Channel has broadcast the running of the bulls as a show in the US, with both live commentary and then a recorded 'round up' later in the day by NBCSN commentators the Men in Blazers, including interviews with noted participants such as Madrid-born runner David Ubeda, former US Special Forces soldier turned filmmaker Dennis Clancey, the historic New York-born runner Joe Distler, and former British bullfighter and author Alexander Fiske-Harrison. In 2014, the eBook guide, \"Fiesta: How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona\", caused headlines around the world when one of the contributors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767207", "score": "1.0246572", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "San Fermín", "text": "variety of basque pelota. It is held in one of the courts of the city. Betting is common during these events. Every afternoon from July 7 to 14 there is a bullfight in which the 6 bulls that have been driven to the bullring during the bullrunning of that day are killed. It begins at 6pm. In addition the 5th bullfight with younger bulls and not fully trained bullfighters is performed while the 6th features bullfighters on horses (in Spanish \"rejoneo\"). While the bullring of the city is the fourth largest in size in the world, it is full every", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1742516", "score": "1.0195037", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Plaza de toros de San Roque", "text": "not open until Wednesday, the day of the inaugural cavalcade. The Royal Fair closes on a Sunday night with a fireworks show and at 7am on the Monday with the Running of the Bulls known locally as Toro del Aguardiente which has occurred yearly since 1649, named as terrified participants are given a shot of the strong alcoholic spirit ‘Aguardiente’ for courage, before running with the bulls to the Plaza de toros de San Roque, marking the end of the fair. Plaza de toros de San Roque The Plaza de toros de San Roque is a bull ring in San", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20854526", "score": "1.0167305", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "500 runners through the actual Pamplona route. The Big Easy Rollergirls roller derby team has performed an annual mock bull run in New Orleans, Louisiana since 2007. The team, dressed as bulls, skates after runners through the French Quarter. In 2012, there were 14,000 runners and over 400 \"bulls\" from all over the country, with huge before- and after-parties. In Ballyjamesduff, Ireland, an annual event called the Pig Run is held with small pigs. It looks just like a mini- but with pigs instead of bulls. In Dewey Beach, Delaware, a bar named The Starboard sponsors an annual Running of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767214", "score": "1.0097744", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "San Fermín", "text": "the end of the run young cows with wrapped horns are released in the bullring and toss the participants, to the amusement of the crowd. The circuit has only changed slightly since 1852 as the former bullring was located close to the present one. Before that date the bullrunning ended in the \"castle plaza\", still not far from the present bullring. While the origin of this tradition was the necessity to move the bulls from outside the city to the bullring for the bullfight it is not clear when citizens began to run in front of them. There are written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1742512", "score": "1.0078146", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "blessing\". The singers finish by shouting \" and ('Long live Saint Fermin', in Spanish and Basque, respectively). Most runners dress in the traditional clothing of the festival which consists of a white shirt and trousers with a red waistband () and neckerchief (). Also some of them hold the day's newspaper rolled to draw the bulls' attention from them if necessary. A first rocket is set off at 8 a.m. to alert the runners that the corral gate is open. A second rocket signals that all six bulls have been released. The third and fourth rockets are signals that all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767197", "score": "0.9998898", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Spanish Fighting Bull", "text": "tienta are kept for breeding and will be slaughtered only when they can bear no more calves. At three years old males are no longer considered calves; they are known as \"novillos\" and are ready for bullfighting, although \"novilladas\" are for training bullfighters, or \"novilleros\". The best bulls are kept for \"corridas de toros\" with full matadors. Under Spanish law they must be at least four years old and reach the weight of 460 kg to fight in a first-rank bullring, 435 kg for a second-rank one, and 410 kg for third-rank rings. They must also have fully functional vision", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8339009", "score": "0.9950493", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Alexander Fiske-Harrison", "text": "issue in his early twenties and, as a student of both philosophy and biology, has perhaps tussled with it more lengthily and cogently than most of us.\" As part of his researches in 2009 Fiske-Harrison began running with the bulls in Pamplona, and became a part of the 'Runners Team of the World', and continued to do it across the rest of Spain, including the \"encierros\", 'bull-runs', of the Navarran towns of Tafalla and Falces - where the run is down a mountain path beside a sheer drop called 'El Pilón'- in the Madrid suburb of San Sebastián de los", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12925217", "score": "0.98984116", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "the market, men would try to speed the process by hurrying their cattle using tactics of fear and excitement. After years of this practice, the transportation and hurrying began to turn into a competition, as young adults would attempt to race in front of the bulls and make it safely to their pens without being overtaken. When the popularity of this practice increased and was noticed more and more by the expanding population of Spanish cities, a tradition was created and stands to this day. The Pamplona encierro is the most popular in Spain and has been broadcast live by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767193", "score": "0.98895264", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Running of the bulls", "text": "of the herd has entered the bullring and its corral respectively, marking the end of the event. The average duration between the first rocket and the end of the encierro is two minutes, 30 seconds. The encierro is usually composed of the six bulls to be fought in the afternoon, six steers that run in herd with the bulls, and three more steers that follow the herd to encourage any reluctant bulls to continue along the route. The function of the steers, who run the route daily, is to guide the bulls to the bullring. The average speed of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1767198", "score": "0.97990185", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "before the first year begins" ]

[ { "title": "White coat ceremony", "text": "no longer limited to medical students; starting in 1995, US pharmacy schools started holding WCCs, with the difference that most pharmacy students receive their coats at the end of their first academic year. In 2003 a survey found that the majority of US pharmacy schools hold WCCs. The Gold-sponsored version of the WCC, or a similar rite of passage, is currently used by 97 percent of Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)-accredited schools of medicine in the United States, and takes place at medical and osteopathic schools in 13 other countries. In December 2006 the first white coat ceremony was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421840", "score": "1.1972513", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "White coat ceremony", "text": "Halle via channels of the German Medical Students' Association (bvmd). On April 12, 2010, The University of Queensland's(Australia) School of Pharmacy became the first in Australia to adopt the ceremony for its incoming Bachelor of Pharmacy students. On April 29, 2011, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn was the first medical school in Poland, that has introduced the White Coat Ceremony. In September 2011, Jagiellonian University in Kraków became the first medical school in Poland to introduce a white coat ceremony for the incoming class. \" On February 28, 2011, the Faculty of Medicine at the Università del Piemonte", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421842", "score": "1.0294833", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "White coat ceremony", "text": "Orientale \"Amedeo Avogadro\" in Novara became the first Italian medical school to introduce a white coat ceremony for its third year students. On October 5, 2012, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy \"Gr. T. POPA\" of Iasi, Romania, became the first Romanian university to integrate this ritual, for its first year medical students, into the symbolism of developing as a physician. On October 8, 2012, the Medical University of Graz became the first university in Austria to celebrate a white coat ceremony of its third-year students. On December 6, 2012, the School of Medicine at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421843", "score": "0.9723979", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Pharmacist", "text": "of pharmacy program depends upon completing specific prerequisites or obtaining a transferable bachelor's degree. Pharmacy school is four years of graduate school (accelerated Pharmacy Schools go January to January and are only 3 years), which include at least one year of practical experience. Graduates receive a Doctorate of Pharmacy (PharmD) upon graduation. Most schools require students to take a Pharmacy College Admissions Test PCAT and complete 90 credit hours of university coursework in the sciences, mathematics, composition, and humanities before entry into the PharmD program. Due to the large admittance requirements and highly competitive nature of the field, most pharmacy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1588250", "score": "0.96847045", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "University of Mosul", "text": "of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences. The teaching programs of study are courses of five years. The first four years include courses in basic, pre-pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical and clinical sciences which involve theoretical, practical and clinical experiences. In the fifth year and for six months the students attend departments in hospitals for training in clinical pharmacy or specializations such as pediatrics, internal and surgery wards. This is followed by one month of training in the pharmaceutical industry and one month of training at the Drug and Poison Information", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7789766", "score": "0.96425766", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Pharmacist", "text": "students complete a bachelor's degree before entry to pharmacy school. Possible prerequisites: Besides taking classes, additional requirements before graduating may include a certain number of hours for community service, e.g., working in hospitals, clinics, and retail. Estimated timeline: 4 years undergraduate + 4 years doctorate + 1–2 years residency + 1–3 years fellowship = 8–13 years A doctorate of pharmacy (except non-traditional, i.e. transferring a license from another country) is the only degree accepted by the National Associate of Boards of Pharmacy NABP to be eligible to \"sit\" for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX). Previously the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1588251", "score": "0.95966965", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "is a 5.5 years program requiring 11 semesters of coursework in the classroom and experiential practice. Traditionally in Ireland, a four-year BPharm degree was completed followed by one year of pre-registration clinical training. The one-year of pre-registration training has recently been replaced by an internship program, for which the student both works and completes assignments, leading to the award of an M.Pharm degree from the Royal College of Surgeons. A five-year integrated masters degree program will commence in September 2015. At the moment there are three universities in Ireland offering a B.Pharm degree: Trinity College Dublin, the University College Cork,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11333994", "score": "0.95883787", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "White coat ceremony", "text": "ceremony marks a change in tradition, introducing students to the Oath before starting their first year of study. This was intended to provide students with well-defined guidelines regarding the expectations and responsibilities appropriate for the medical profession prior to their first day of class. Since its conception at Columbia, the WCC has spread rapidly to schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, osteopathic medicine, optometry, and nursing worldwide. Since starting in the US, several medical schools in countries outside of the United States (such as Iran, Israel, Canada, UK, Dominican Republic, Brazil and Poland) have also started holding WCCs. The ceremony is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421839", "score": "0.9524294", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "text": "program. Due to the extensive admission requirements and highly competitive nature of the field, many pharmacy students complete a bachelor's degree before entry to pharmacy school. Some institutions still offer six-year accelerated Pharm.D. programs (similar to six-year MD programs). Residency is an option that is typically one to two years in length. Graduating candidates typically apply their final year of the Pharm.D. program. The accrediting body for most residency positions is the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Applications are submitted through the Pharmacy Online Residency Centralized Application Service; which opens 3 November each residency year. Residency sites interview candidates and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3238301", "score": "0.9520944", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "White coat ceremony", "text": "The White Coat Ceremony (WCC) is a relatively new ritual in some medical (MD, DO), dental, optometry, audiology, chiropractic, dietetic, occupational therapy, physical therapy, podiatric, pharmacy, physician assistant, pathologists' assistant, nursing, naturopathic and veterinary schools that marks the student's transition from the study of preclinical to clinical health sciences. At some schools, where students begin meeting patients early in their education, the white coat ceremony is held before the first year begins. It is an example of a matriculation.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "text": "multitude of other areas. After completing the required prerequisites or obtaining a transferable bachelor's degree, pharmacy school is another four years. In general, the total collegiate timeline to become an entry level pharmacist is six to eight years; three to four years undergraduate prerequisite work/bachelor's degree then three (accelerated tract) to four years professional doctorate. Acceptance to a Pharm.D. program is competitive. Along with excellent natural science grades, most schools require students to take a pharmacy college admissions test (PCAT) and complete 90 credit hours of university coursework in the sciences, mathematics, composition, and humanities before entry into the Pharm.D.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3238300", "score": "0.95131326", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "for admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree). However, many schools admit students after completion of two or three years of undergraduate pharmacy prerequisites or directly from high school into a six-year accelerated program). Any person holding a bachelor's degree in pharmacy who graduated before this date is grandfathered in and can register for a license. To practice as a pharmacist, registration with the country, state or province's regulatory agency is required. There is often a requirement for the pharmacy graduate to have completed a certain number of hours of experience in a pharmacy under the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11333980", "score": "0.950981", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "into the professional degree program upon successful completion of entrance requirements and application procedures. This program is referred to as “0-6,” as students are accepted into the professional pharmacy program, contingent upon the aforementioned requirements, during the undergraduate college application process. Similarly, programs may be “2-4”. The “2” describes the first 2 years of study necessary to complete the pharmacy prerequisite coursework. Students completing a “2-4” program must apply for admission into the professional pharmacy program. The application process usually begins after completion of the third semester of study for entry into the professional program the following fall. Aside from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11334009", "score": "0.94572437", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "text": "practice. To become a hospital pharmacist, a four-year residency program has to be completed after that. In Portugal, pharmacy studies consists of four years of basic school, five years of preparatory school, and three years of high school, where afterward the student is submitted to nationwide exams. The process is the same for every degree the student chooses, from medicine to engineering. The student takes the master's degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences (equivalent to the PharmD program) in one of the nine Pharmacy faculties with their own respective numerous clausus which comprises a six-year rigorous study (5 with the uniformities in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3238281", "score": "0.9441725", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "complete undergraduate four-year bachelor of science degrees in pharmacy after completing a minimum of one or two years of university study studies beforehand. The University of Waterloo requires two years of prerequisite study in the basic sciences. The degree in pharmacy is composed of coursework and clinical experience through required internships and work placements, followed by the completion of a national board examination administered by the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada. The pharmacy schools in Quebec (at the University of Montreal and Laval University) now offer only the PharmD degree that involves two years of basic sciences and four years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11333983", "score": "0.9413736", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "of the PhD degree program should be research-intensive to develop an independent pharmaceutical science researcher.”' These degrees are accredited by regional and national accrediting bodies. After admission, a student will typically complete a four-year pharmacy program, although some schools offer accelerated three-year programs. The curriculum typically begins with courses in physiology and pathophysiology, medicinal chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacology and toxicology. Once a student is proficient in these core pharmaceutical sciences, instruction in evidence based therapeutic application of pharmacologic agents begins. Aside from usage of agents, students are taught to recognize and assess risk factors for disease, interpret clinical data and recognize", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11334011", "score": "0.93925035", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Pre-pharmacy", "text": "will usually award an Associate of Science degree. Pre-pharmacy The program is offered in a few different ways across the country. Within some colleges, the Pre-Pharmacy coursework is combined with the Pharm.D course for a 5 or 6-year program. Five year programs connect 2 years of Pre Pharmacy to an accelerated year round program. Six year programs deliver six tradition academic years which means summers are not used for the programs and are free of required classes. Colleges that do not offer this merged program may allow an undergraduate student to major (or minor) in Pre-Pharmacy. For schools where Pre-Pharmacy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15734082", "score": "0.9390083", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy", "text": "such as \"veterinary medicine\", and a full semester course that focuses on antibiotics. During these first three years of schooling, introductory experiential courses are embedded throughout the semester and also during a rotational block in the summer each year. This allows students to gradually merge textbook learning and hands-on experience. The fourth and final year is dedicated to advanced experiential courses, which are divided into six-week blocks with four required core rotations and several elective rotations. The Bachelor of Arts in Pharmacy Studies (BAPS) is an option for students who are accepted to the school without completing the undergraduate degree.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19283433", "score": "0.93869424", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "Pharmacy website or a List of pharmacy schools is available. List of pharmacy schools#United States of America Today, individuals seeking to become pharmacists must first complete a pre-pharmacy undergraduate program. This program consists of a minimum of 60-90 semester credit hours (90-100 quarter credit hours) of undergraduate coursework in basic and advanced sciences; however, many students find completion of a four-year program (between 120-130 semester credit hours) leading to a Bachelor of Science degree in biology, chemistry, or a similar field enhances their chances of admission. Pre-requisite and application requirements vary by individual schools/colleges of pharmacy; therefore, it is prudent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11334006", "score": "0.9363568", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "laboratories for researching, in nursing schools as teachers, as a clinical pharmacist, in hospitals, or pharmacist-biochemist in various laboratories. In South Korea, the new six-year program in pharmacy education has been in effect since 2011. In Thailand, there are currently two kinds of programs for Pharmacy studies. <br> 1) a five years program - Bachelor of Pharmacy or B.Pharm<br> 2) a six years program - Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Care)or Pharm. D Some universities in Thailand offer a two years course for anyone graduating with B. Pharm to complete Pharm. D In the United Kingdom, integration with the European Union", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11334001", "score": "0.93013847", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "text": "of Pharmacy\", the studies last a minimum of 5 years, or 9 years for students choosing residency (hospital pharmacy, medical biology)or pharmacology. In Italy the Professional degree in Pharmacy lasts 5 years, which includes a 6-month professional training in a public pharmacy or hospital. At the end of this period, the student must pass a nationwide exam to be legally entitled to practise as a pharmacist. The subscription to \"Pharmacist's Order\", or in Italian \"Ordine dei Farmacisti\", is required for working in private and public pharmacies or hospitals. It is not required if the pharmacist is working at a pharmaceutical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3238278", "score": "0.92991203", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "White coat ceremony", "text": "began to wear the most recognizable symbol of the scientist - the white laboratory coat. This led to the more recent association of the white coat with medicine since its continued adoption. WCCs originated in University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine in 1989, but the first full-fledged ceremony was at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. In 1993, Dr. Arnold P. Gold, a teacher and pediatric neurologist, created the first full-fledged WCC at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Before this ceremony, medical students typically received the Hippocratic Oath for the first time at commencement. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4421838", "score": "0.92944825", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Duquesne University School of Pharmacy", "text": "a two-year pre-professional stage and four-year professional curricular format. The School also offers a four-year weekend-only program for candidates with a Bachelor's degree who want to obtain a Pharm.D. The Dean of the school is J. Douglas Bricker, Ph.D. Duquesne University School of Pharmacy The School of Pharmacy is one of the ten degree-granting divisions that comprise Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The school's first pharmacy class matriculated in September 1925 under the leadership of the founding dean, Dr. Hugh C. Muldoon, and graduated in 1928. In May 2000, the School of Pharmacy graduated its first entry-level Doctor of Pharmacy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10908932", "score": "0.92715883", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "text": "from 10 to 30% bearing in mind that second-time participants are three to four times more likely to succeed than students trying for the first time. In order to obtain the state diploma of \"Doctor of Pharmacy\", the studies last a minimum of six years, or nine years for students choosing residency (hospital pharmacy or medical biology). It is accessible through another competitive exam, even more selective. It lasts four years and gives another diploma of specialist like in medicine (DES for \"diplôme d'études spécialisées\" ). Students must specialise when entering the 5th year, and choose between dispensing pharmacy, pharmaceutical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3238275", "score": "0.92672354", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Pharmacy school", "text": "the Canadian Hospital Pharmacy Residency Board on behalf of the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Finally, there is the option of students taking a graduate two-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) course of study for those with Bachelor of Pharmacy or equivalent degrees. This advanced PharmD program can be pursued in Canada at the University of British Columbia and the University of Toronto and at several pharmacy schools in the United States (as the \"non-traditional\" PharmD). The advanced PharmD programs in the United States were phased out by the introduction of the entry-level PharmD programs, which despite being identical in their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11333985", "score": "0.92579556", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "text": "degree and the PharmD. Prior to the commencement of the program, the university offered a five-year BPharm degree program which commenced in 1970. In the PharmD program, students are given extensive didactic preclinical/professional clinical preparation as well as clinical training (including pharmaceutical care) in different hospitals and community pharmacies. PCN and the national professional body of pharmacists, Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN), have envisaged that in the near future, PharmD degree will become the minimum educational qualification for the registration/licensing of fresh graduates of Nigeria's pharmacy schools for practice in the country. Through the efforts of the PCN, most pharmacy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3238264", "score": "0.9241431", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Pharmacist", "text": "of pharmacy. After attending the school or college they go to work. And with two years of practice they could take an exam to enter university of pharmacy or the pharmacy department of a university of medicine and pharmacy. This exam is easier than the national one. Passing the exam they continue studying to gain 3-year bachelor's degrees or 4-year bachelor's degrees. This degree is considered equivalent to a 5-year bachelor's degree. Pharmacist Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1588258", "score": "0.923854", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Pharmacist", "text": "with patients, supplying drug information, advising on prescription changes and amending prescriptions. These practices have been linked to decreases in the average number of drugs in prescriptions, drug costs and incidence of adverse drug events. Training to become a registered pharmacist in Nigeria involves a five-year course after six years of secondary/high school or four years after eight years of secondary/high school (i.e. after 2 years of Advanced-level studies in accredited Universities). The degree awarded by most pharmacy schools is a Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree (B.Pharm.) However, in the near future, all schools will offer a 6-year first Degree course", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1588232", "score": "0.92342854", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Pharmacist", "text": "have completed studies equal to a bachelor of science in pharmacy, i.e., three years of university. Prescriptionists also have dispensing rights in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland. The majority of the staff in a pharmacy are \"Apotekstekniker\" or \"pharmacy technicians\" with a 3 semesters education at a vocational college. In Switzerland, the federal office of public health regulates pharmacy practice. Four Swiss universities offer a major in pharmaceutical studies, the University of Basel, the University of Geneva, the University of Lausanne and the ETH Zurich. To major in pharmaceutical studies takes at least five years. Students spend their last year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1588239", "score": "0.9231677", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Pharmacist", "text": "had a 5-year bachelor's degree in pharmacy. For BS Pharmacy graduates currently licensed in US, there are 10 Universities offering non-traditional doctorate degree programs via part-time, weekend or on-line programs. These are programs fully accredited by Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) but only available to current BS Pharmacy graduates with a license to practice pharmacy. Some institutions still offer 6 year accelerated PharmD programs (similar to 6 year MD programs), though in both cases the issuance of a doctoral degree in less than 8 years is controversial. The current Pharm.D. degree curriculum is considerably different from that of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1588252", "score": "0.92297876", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Club Bijou on Chapel Street" ]

[ { "title": "Take Me Away (Twenty 4 Seven song)", "text": "Fernando Garcia was shot in Johannesburg, Durban, and Cape Town (South Africa). Take Me Away (Twenty 4 Seven song) \"Take Me Away\" is a 1994 song recorded by the Dutch group Twenty 4 Seven. It was released as the third single from their second album, Slave to the Music, in 1994. Unlike previous singles from the album, the song did not feature any raps. The single was a hit in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and Belgium, and peaked at number 11 in the Netherlands on the Dutch Top 40. (In America, \"Slave to the Music\" and \"Leave Them Alone\" were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17675500", "score": "0.93964213", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Susitha R. Fernando", "text": "Susitha R. Fernando Susitha R. Fernando is a journalist and the film critic for a Sri Lankan English-language daily newspaper the \"Daily Mirror\" and its Sunday weekly edition, \"The Sunday Times\", based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Fernando is from Colombo, Sri Lanka. In 2005, at the age of 27, while an undergraduate studying English literature/communications and methodology, he attended the 34th International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR), taking part in its training program for young film critics, for which he anticipated writing an account for the website of the International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI) on the festival's Tiger Cub Competition,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13050929", "score": "0.9134859", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Fernando Rodríguez (Spanish footballer)", "text": "with a Malaysian Super League team based in the northern state of Malaysia - Kedah FA. Fernando Rodríguez (Spanish footballer) Fernando Rodríguez Ortega (born 11 May 1987), is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Malaysian club Kedah as a striker. Born in Pilas, Province of Seville, Fernando spent the vast majority of his career in the Spanish lower leagues. His professional input in his country consisted of two La Liga games with Sevilla FC, as well as 16 in Segunda División with their reserves; he made his debut in the former competition on 19 October 2008, coming on as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17034121", "score": "0.9120576", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Maldita tentación", "text": "in his life, so he can escape from his house and go to the meeting point indicated in the letter. At six in the afternoon has arrived at a dark room where suddenly a projector lights and like blades of a guillotine appears in the screen a video that relates in sequence the homicide committed by Fernando the previous night. Terrified with his eyes anchored to the projection, Fernando sees the woman, Estafanía; she, from a distance, defies him with her presence and when the fear seems to have covered every corner of the place she says: —Is this the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20390355", "score": "0.9042779", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Fernando Rodríguez (Spanish footballer)", "text": "Fernando Rodríguez (Spanish footballer) Fernando Rodríguez Ortega (born 11 May 1987), is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Malaysian club Kedah as a striker. Born in Pilas, Province of Seville, Fernando spent the vast majority of his career in the Spanish lower leagues. His professional input in his country consisted of two La Liga games with Sevilla FC, as well as 16 in Segunda División with their reserves; he made his debut in the former competition on 19 October 2008, coming on as a late substitute for Lautaro Acosta in a 1–0 away win against UD Almería where he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17034119", "score": "0.9025424", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "El misterio de Huracán Ramírez", "text": "El misterio de Huracán Ramírez El misterio de Huracán Ramírez (\"The Mystery of Hurricane Ramirez\") is a 1962 black-and-white Mexican Lucha film directed and co-written by Joselito Rodríguez. The film is a sequel to Rodríguez's 1952 film \"Huracán Ramírez\" with David Silva reprising his role as Fernando Torres. Other returning cast members include Tonina Jackson, Carmelita González, Titina Romay and Freddy Fernández. Pepe Romay joins the cast as Fernando's son Pancho, and Daniel García makes his film début as Huracán Ramírez, replacing Spanish-born wrestler Eduardo Bonada, who would make only a cameo appearance. The film continues the story of Fernando", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14080173", "score": "0.8997897", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Fernando (footballer, born 1987)", "text": "United. Fernando scored his first goal for City on 26 December 2014, contributing to a 3–1 away win over West Bromwich Albion. On 4 August 2017, Fernando signed with Galatasaray SK on a three-year contract for an initial fee of €5.25 million. In a note published on the Turkish club's official website, it was confirmed that the payment would ascend based on the accomplishment of certain performance variables during his spell. He made his Süper Lig debut in the first fixture, playing 82 minutes in a 4–1 home win against Kayserispor; he made 26 official appearances during the season, scoring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11108348", "score": "0.8853729", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Fernando Arau", "text": "success and Fernando became a household name at its helm for 12 years. In 2006 the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences recognized him with the Honorary Emmy for his leadership role in Spanish language Television. Through his TV production company Arauvision, Fernando built The Green Screen Studios to offer virtual reality services in Miami as well as to produce his daily morning show \"Tenga Pa'Que Se Entretenga\". The show, which began streaming in 2010, was a precursor by integrating audience participation through social media. In 2012 he hosted \"Soy tu Doble\" and wrote, directed and hosted \"Buenas Noches America\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10533239", "score": "0.8828988", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Huracán Ramírez (film)", "text": "his trainer and his stand-in for any situation in which Fernando and Huracán might have to be seen at the same time. Tonino has a growing resentment against Huracán's popularity and is further aggravated when he refuses to face him in the ring. After a night of partying, Fernando's father discovers his secret job as a lounge singer. Unimpressed with his new career path and disappointed he ended his schooling, he demands Fernando to leave his household. Tonina is later dissuaded by his younger daughter, who explains Fernando has been helping with finances for some time and without his spare", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13004041", "score": "0.8809448", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Take Me Out (UK game show)", "text": "man must leave the show without going on a date, accompanied by the Céline Dion version of the hit Eric Carmen song \"All by Myself\". In the first series, the successful couples conducted their date at FERNANDO'S! in Manchester, which is actually Club Bijou on Chapel Street, the outcome of which is shown as part of the following week's show. For the second series, the date took place abroad on the Isle of FERNANDO'S!, a fictional location based in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife. Previously the date took place in Cyprus. Successful couples leave the programme upstairs on the opposite", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Fernando (song)", "text": "\"disarmingly faithful to the original, which is probably due to the fact it was co-produced by ABBA's own Benny Andersson. It has a warm, live feel that was so peculiar to ABBA's ’70s fare and that sound really suits our heroine's soaring vocals.\" Cher performed the \"Fernando\" on the CinemaCon 2018 to promote the \"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\" film. During her Here We Go Again Tour she also performs the song together with \"Waterloo\" and \"SOS\". On October 31, 2018 \"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)\" and \"Take Me Home\" were cut from her concert residency", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5750405", "score": "0.8799137", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Fernando Vendrell", "text": "Fernando Vendrell Fernando Vendrell (Lisbon, 1962) is a Portuguese film director and producer. Born and raised in Lisbon, where he graduated from high school in 1980 (Science). In 1981, while studying photography he worked as Film still photographer in Manoel de Oliveira documentary Lisboa, Cidade Cultural. From 1982-1985, he studied film at the Lisbon Theatre and Film School where he had the chance to work with filmmakers as António Reis, Alberto Seixas Santos and Paulo Rocha. During the course he worked as trainee Assistant director in José Nascimento period feature film \"Repórter X\" (1984) and in Manoel de Oliveira epic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16170531", "score": "0.8758012", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Fernando Kalife", "text": "Fernando Kalife Fernando Kalife (born January 12, 1964 in Monterrey, Mexico) is a Mexican film director, screenwriter, author, TV host and Corporate Advisor. He majored in Business Administration at Universidad de Monterrey when Fernando Kalife decided to pursue his lifetime dream making movies. He attended the Summer Production Workshop at the University of Southern California in 99' and 00'. He was invited to the Visiting Scholar Program at the master's degree on Filmmaking at the USC, where he attended for a year while still selling ties as a business in Monterrey, Mexico. Once a filmmaker, Kalife wrote and directed \"7", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17973432", "score": "0.8736667", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "San Fernando, California", "text": "first and third Monday of each month at 6:00 pm in the Council Chambers. In the California State Legislature, San Fernando is in , and in . In the United States Senate, San Fernando is represented by California's Senators Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris. In the United States House of Representatives, San Fernando is in . The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Pacoima Health Center in Pacoima in Los Angeles, serving the City of San Fernando. The United States Postal Service operates the San Fernando Post Office. Police services in San Fernando is provided by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1019926", "score": "0.8665402", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Fernando Pérez (director)", "text": "Fernando Pérez (director) Fernando Pérez Valdés (born 1944) is a prominent Cuban film director. Pérez graduated from the University of Havana with a degree in Language and Spanish Literature, and began working in the Cuban film industry in 1971 as an assistant director, before directing his first documentary in 1975. His feature debut was the drama \"Clandestinos\" (1987) but it was not until \"Madagascar\" (1994) that he garnered significant international recognition. Pérez later directed \"La Vida es Silbar\" (1998) and \"Suite Habana\" (2003). \"Suite Habana\" is considered by some critics to be the best Cuban film in decades. \"Variety\" hailed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8141968", "score": "0.86601293", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Fernando Colunga", "text": "with Maria Sorté in 1993-1994. \"Fernando is a very studious person and given as a professional, demanding of himself\" says Carla Estrada (People Magazine). After this telenovela, had a role in \"Marimar\" in 1994 giving birth to Adrian Rosales. By that year, Fernando was released in the cinema with the film \"Kiss me on the mouth\" with Paulina Rubio and in 1995 plays the character of Lieutenant Raul Gutierrez \"Alondra\" a period novel produced by Carla Estrada, and teaming with actress Veronica Merchant and sharing credits with actors like Gonzalo Vega, Ernesto Laguardia, Marga Lopez, Ana Colchero, Juan Manuel Bernal,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7298621", "score": "0.86396617", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "San Fernando CD", "text": "Andaluza. San Fernando's first game took place on 2 August 2009, against Sevilla Atlético at Bahía Sur, with the hosts winning 2–0. The side first reached Tercera División in the 2010–11 season, finishing in second position in the regular season but being ousted in the playoffs by La Roda CF (two losses, 0–4 on aggregate). San Fernando CD San Fernando Club Deportivo is a Spanish football team based in San Fernando, Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 2009 it plays in Segunda División B – Group 4, holding home matches at Estadio Bahía Sur, with a capacity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15261222", "score": "0.8606391", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "San Fernando, Nueva Segovia", "text": "Mogotón, which measures 2,106 meters above sea level, is located just 20 kilometers from the town of San Fernando. San Fernando, Nueva Segovia San Fernando is a municipality in the Nueva Segovia Department of Nicaragua. San Fernando is located 24 kilometers from the Department Capital, Ocotal, and 250 kilometers from Managua, the Capital of the Republic. The town was the site of battle that pitted American Marines and Nicaraguan Provisional Guardsmen against Sandinista rebels on July 25, 1927 during the Sandino Rebellion. Within the entire municipality of San Fernando there are more than 10,000 residents, most of whom are coffee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5737365", "score": "0.85987735", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "San Fernando station", "text": "San Fernando station San Fernando or also known as San Fernando/SAP Center is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. The station has two side platforms and two trackways. San Fernando is served by the Mountain View–Winchester light rail line. The station was opened in 2005 as part of VTA's Vasona light rail extension. The San Fernando Station features three public art sculptures. They are entitled “King of the Urban Jungle,” “Simba × 2,” and “Lying Beast.” All three statues are arranged together on a small circular piece of lawn on the south edge of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7277235", "score": "0.8594657", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Groove Squad", "text": "him attractive. Fernando often refers to himself in the third person and often refers to Chrissy as \"Señorita Chrissy.\" Despite being a bit of a chick magnet, Fernando really only seems to have feelings for Chrissy, and often tries asking her to go out with him—the first time he tries asking her out, it's under the excuse of wanting Chrissy to help him get a better understanding of American slang. Later, he tries hanging out with Chrissy while she and her friends are practicing their cheerleading at the park. And finally, Fernando asks Chrissy to be his date for a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15694440", "score": "0.85772455", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "If I Were Just Anyone", "text": "thinks that she has become into a whore. Fernando finished singing in ordinary cabarets, while Queta looking for a way to convince him of her innocence. The film is a sequel to the same year film \"Love Street \", also starring by Barba and Fernández. If I Were Just Anyone If I Were Just Anyone (Spanish: Si fuera una cualquiera) is a 1950 Mexican drama film directed by Ernesto Cortázar and starring Meche Barba and Fernando Fernández. The film is the sequel to the film \"Love Street\". Fernando (Fernando Fernández) and Queta (Meche Barba) manage the prosperous tortería \"Acá las", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19240045", "score": "0.8575499", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Ornithologist (film)", "text": "an elk that disappears and Fernando looks as if he was hit by a bullet. She asks him is he Ok? They offer food and help. Is he lost? After he assures them he is fine they ride off. The surreal experiences continue with a white dove watching him. He comes upon a dead body and he breathes it back to life. He died last night dancing with his friends. Who are you and am I dead? He tells him that he is Anthony. The now living man says that he is Thomas. Some things you can not understand but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18067523", "score": "0.8572696", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Proyecto Dos", "text": "Proyecto Dos Proyecto Dos (Eng: \"Project Two\") is a 2008 Spanish action/thriller film and the feature debut of television director Guillermo Fernandez Groizard. The film had its festival premiere on April 8, 2008 at the Malaga Spanish Film Festival, and its theatrical debut on April 25, 2008. The film's working title was \"Laberinto de espejos\". The director stated that the casting process was tedious, but that they had the freedom to rewrite portions of the film as suitable actors were found, to better match character to actors. The production was shot on locations in Argentina, London, and Madrid. The film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14871490", "score": "0.8566874", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "If I Were Just Anyone", "text": "If I Were Just Anyone If I Were Just Anyone (Spanish: Si fuera una cualquiera) is a 1950 Mexican drama film directed by Ernesto Cortázar and starring Meche Barba and Fernando Fernández. The film is the sequel to the film \"Love Street\". Fernando (Fernando Fernández) and Queta (Meche Barba) manage the prosperous tortería \"Acá las tortas\". The relationship between Fernando and Queta breaks down when he is related with two evil women, owners of a cabaret. Both women were protected by a corrupt cop who wants Queta, and convinces her to dance in the cabaret. When Fernando discovers her, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19240044", "score": "0.8545056", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "San Fernando Airport (Philippines)", "text": "San Fernando Airport (Philippines) San Fernando Airport (Filipino: \"Paliparan ng San Fernando\", Ilokano: \"Pagtayaban ti San Fernando\") is an airport serving the general area of San Fernando, located in the province of La Union in the Philippines. The airport is classified as a community airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports. It was extensively used as a landing strip by American forces when Wallace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7907690", "score": "0.854465", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "San Fernando, California", "text": "San Fernando, California San Fernando is a city in the San Fernando Valley, in the northwestern region of Los Angeles County, California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is an enclave of the city of Los Angeles. The city was named for the nearby Mission San Fernando Rey de España (which in turn was named after St. Ferdinand), and was part of the Mexican land grant of Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando. In 1874 Charles Maclay, San Fernando founder, bought of the Rancho. In 1882, cousins George K. Porter and Benjamin F. Porter of future Porter Ranch each received one-third", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1019914", "score": "0.8531395", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Fernando de Fuentes", "text": "Fernando de Fuentes Fernando de Fuentes Carrau (December 13, 1894 – July 4, 1958) was a Mexican film director, considered a pioneer in the film industry worldwide. He is perhaps best known for directing the films \"El prisionero trece\", \"El compadre Mendoza\", and \"Vámonos con Pancho Villa\", all part of his \"Revolution Trilogy\" on the Mexican Revolution. Born in Veracruz; Mexico on December 13, 1894, son of Fernando de Fuentes and Emelina Carrau de Fuentes. He studied Philosophy at Tulane University in New Orleans. On his return to Mexico he worked as executive assistant of Venustiano Carranza during the Mexican", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13687107", "score": "0.8524015", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "CD San Fernando de Henares", "text": "CD San Fernando de Henares Club Deportivo San Fernando is a Spanish football club based in San Fernando de Henares, in the Community of Madrid. Founded in 1929 it currently plays in Tercera División – Group 7, holding home games at \"Estadio Santiago del Pino\". San Fernando de Henares was born in 1929 under the name \"Sociedad Recreativa San Fernando\", when several locals decide to create an amateur soccer team. In 1943 the club became federated and, on 21 October 1953, changed its name to \"Club Deportivo San Fernando.\" San Fernando promoted to the first regional division in 1972–73, first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12711927", "score": "0.85217726", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Cinema of Cuba", "text": "Video of San Antonio de los Baños) located in San Antonio de los Baños near Havana, on land donated by the Cuban government and supported by the \"Fundación del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano\", Gabriel García Márquez and the Father of the New Latin American Cinema, Fernando Birri. Hundreds of young students from all over Latin America have studied direction, script, photography and edition. The contribution of the ICAIC, which was rapidly positioned as the head of a process aiming for legitimate artistic values and expression of nationality, is not limited only to the support in producing and promoting a movement that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3866973", "score": "0.8507577", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Franco Merli", "text": "the shot as planned. According to this source Merli also was troubled by rumours on the set that he was homosexual. He supposedly was teased by his peers because of that and consequently was on the edge during most of the shooting. Whether this is true is debatable since no other source for this fact seems to exist. In 1976, Franco Merli appeared on-screen as Fernando, the son of Nino Manfredi, who earns his money as a transvestite prostitute in \"Down and Dirty\". This social satire by Italian director Ettore Scola was also (but for a small part in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8619893", "score": "0.8491627", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "on location" ]

[ { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2", "text": "a sneak peek of the film. On 2 April 2011, a test screening of the film was held in Chicago, with director David Yates, producers David Heyman and David Barron and editor Mark Day in attendance. The film had its world premiere on at Trafalgar Square in London. The United States premiere was held in New York City at Lincoln Center on . Although filmed in 2-D, the film was converted into 3-D in post-production and was released in both RealD 3D and IMAX 3D. The film was originally scheduled to open in Indonesia on 13 July 2011. The Indonesian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15648872", "score": "1.113172", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Wizarding World", "text": "Yates noted that her participation in the filmmaking process did not change from the previous films. Pre-production began on 26 January 2009, while principal photography began on 19 February at Leavesden Studios, where the previous six instalments were filmed. Pinewood Studios became the second studio location for shooting the seventh film. The premiere of \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" was held on 11 November 2010, at the Empire, Leicester Square in London, and the film was released in the United Kingdom and the United States on 19 November. Harry, Ron, and Hermione continue their search to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20238738", "score": "1.1011113", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1", "text": "insists that they bury Dobby without any magic. Meanwhile, Voldemort breaks into Dumbledore's tomb and steals the Elder Wand, revealed to have been in Dumbledore's possession. \"Part 1\" was filmed back-to-back with \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010. Director David Yates, who shot the film alongside director of photography Eduardo Serra, described Part 1 as \"quite real\"; a \"road movie\" that's \"almost like a vérité documentary\". Originally set for a single theatrical release, the idea to split the book into two parts was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9821356", "score": "1.0761074", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2", "text": "1\" from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010, with reshoots for the epilogue scene taking place at Leavesden Film Studios on 21 December 2010. Director David Yates, who shot the film with director of photography Eduardo Serra, described \"Part 2\" as \"operatic, colourful and fantasy-oriented\", a \"big opera with huge battles.\" Originally set for a single theatrical release, the idea to split the book into two parts was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram due to, what David Heyman called, \"creative imperative\". Heyman initially responded negatively to the idea, but Wigram asked, \"No, David. How are we going to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15648862", "score": "1.0692765", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2", "text": "him once and for all. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. Principal photography began on 19 February 2009, and was completed on 12 June 2010, with reshoots taking place in December 2010, more than ten years after filming started on the first instalment of the series. \"Part 2\" was released in 2D, 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13–15 July 2011, and is the only \"Harry Potter\" film to be released in 3-D. The film became a commercial success and was critically acclaimed,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15648850", "score": "1.0582016", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "text": "began on , while filming began on at Leavesden Studios, where the previous six instalments were filmed. Pinewood Studios became the second studio location for shooting the seventh film. Bruno Delbonnel, the cinematographer for the sixth film, opted not to work on \"Deathly Hallows\", as he was afraid of repeating himself. Eduardo Serra was chosen to be the cinematographer for both Part 1 and Part 2. Director David Yates said that the films would be shot with \"loads of hand-held cameras.\" He stated, \"I want to shake things up every time I go into this world. I like experimenting as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15646878", "score": "1.057332", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the second of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name. The film, which is the eighth and final instalment in the \"Harry Potter\" film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling. The story continues to follow Harry Potter's quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort's Horcruxes in order to stop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15648849", "score": "1.0474412", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1", "text": "clip of Harry leaving the Burrow to find the Horcruxes, titled \"No One Else Is Going to Die for Me\". On 4 November, a new clip was released from the \"Harry Potter\" Facebook page, titled \"The Seven Potters\". Two more clips were released over the next two days, including a scene depicting a café attack and another taking place in Malfoy Manor. On 26 August 2010, director David Yates, producers David Heyman and David Barron, and with Warner Bros. president Alan F. Horn attended a test screening for \"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" in Chicago. The unfinished film gained rave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9821368", "score": "1.0378596", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1", "text": "\"The Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" and \"The Philosopher's Stone\". Due to the success of the sequel in Germany, \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" could return to No. 9 on the country's Cinema Charts with 28,000 viewers in July 2011. Review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 79% based on 261 reviews, with an average score of 7.1/10. The site's consensus reads, \"It can't help but feel like the prelude it is, but \"Deathly Hallows: Part I\" is a beautifully filmed, emotionally satisfying penultimate installment for the Harry Potter series.\" On Metacritic,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9821380", "score": "1.036958", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1", "text": "Stuart Craig, set designer for all of the previous Harry Potter films, returned for the final two parts. He said, \"We made a very different kind of film, which was shot a great deal on location. We travelled quite far, we built sets, and they spend a lot of time in a forest,\" he explained. \"We built forest sets and integrated them into the real forests, so there were challenges there, as you might imagine.\" Craig was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work on Part 1.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)", "text": "Further filming took place in Surbiton railway station in October 2007, Gloucester Cathedral, where the first and second films were shot, in February 2008, and at the Millennium Bridge in London in March 2008. Due to cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel's use of de-focussing and soft wipes in the digital grade, Warner Bros. asked director David Yates to add more colours to the film. Yates didn't want to lose the \"very European look\" of the film, but after retouching the picture, he said, \"It's not what you wanted, but we're happy with it.\" After five minutes of watching the film, the studio", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3501746", "score": "1.031477", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is a 2010 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the first of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name and features an ensemble cast. The film, which is the seventh and penultimate instalment in the \"Harry Potter\" film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9821345", "score": "1.0296823", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "text": "shot back-to-back; principal photography began on and was completed on , with reshoots in December 2010 marking the series' closure of ten years of filming. Part 1 was released in 2D and IMAX on 19 November 2010, and Part 2 was released in 3D, 2D and IMAX on . The idea to divide J. K. Rowling's final book into two parts came from \"creative imperative\" and was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram. David Heyman initially responded negatively, but Wigram asked, \"No, David. How are we going to do it?\". Having reread the book and discussed it with Steve Kloves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15646872", "score": "1.0254017", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Wizarding World", "text": "find and destroy the remaining Horcruxes, as Harry prepares for the final battle against Voldemort. The film was announced in March 2008 as \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\", the second of two cinematic parts. It was also revealed that Yates would direct the film and that Kloves would write the screenplay. Kloves started work on the second part's script in April 2009, after the first part's script was completed. \"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" was filmed back-to-back with \"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010, and treated as if it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20238739", "score": "1.0140319", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)", "text": "in Woodstock. In Glenfinnan, the Hogwarts Express crosses a viaduct, as it has in the past films. Aerial scenes were shot in Glen Coe, in Clachaig Gully, and Glen Etive, which, at the time of filming, was one of the few places in Scotland without snow, making it ideal for a backdrop. Director David Yates stated in an interview that he had originally shot a three-hour film of \"Order of the Phoenix\". However, some material had to be cut out in the final edit, as the movie was 45 minutes too long. Therefore, several locations which were used for various", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3165417", "score": "1.0124396", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Wizarding World", "text": "sit her GCSE exams. Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and at Leavesden Film Studios for interior locations. \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" had its world premiere on 28 June 2007 in Tokyo, Japan, and a UK premiere on 3 July 2007 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 12 July, and the United States on 11 July. Voldemort and his Death Eaters are increasing their terror upon the Wizarding and Muggle worlds. Needing him for an important reason, Headmaster Dumbledore persuades his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20238734", "score": "1.0124296", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1", "text": "been created by Warner Bros., and executives called it \"a serious breach of copyright violation and theft of Warner Bros. property\". In Australia, the film had its premiere on 13 November at Warner Bros. Movie World, located on the Gold Coast, Queensland. Three hundred people attended the viewing, which was the second official showing in the world, behind the UK premiere. The film premiered in Kuwait's release on 16 November. In Israel, Estonia, and New Zealand, the film was released on 18 November. \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" was released on a single and double disc", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9821372", "score": "1.0099655", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Cinema of the United Kingdom", "text": "David Heyman's company Heyday Films has produced seven sequels, with the final title released in two parts – \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" in 2010 and \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" in 2011. All were filmed at Leavesden Studios in England. Aardman Animations' Nick Park, the creator of Wallace and Gromit and the Creature Comforts series, produced his first feature-length film, \"Chicken Run\" in 2000. Co-directed with Peter Lord, the film was a major success worldwide and one of the most successful British films of its year. Park's follow up, \"\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "144418", "score": "1.0096874", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Harry Potter", "text": "that the final instalment in the series, \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", would be released in two cinematic parts: \"Part 1\" on 19 November 2010 and \"Part 2\" on 15 July 2011. Production of both parts started in February 2009, with the final day of principal photography taking place on 12 June 2010. Rowling had creative control on the film series, observing the filmmaking process of \"Philosopher's Stone\" and serving as producer on the two-part \"Deathly Hallows\", alongside David Heyman and David Barron. The \"Harry Potter\" films have been top-rank box office hits, with all eight releases on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5725277", "score": "1.0093518", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)", "text": "January 2008, and Bonham Carter until February 2008. On the weekend of 6 October 2007, the crew shot scenes involving the Hogwarts Express in the misty and dewy environment of Fort William, Scotland. A series of night scenes were filmed in the village of Lacock and the cloisters at Lacock Abbey for three nights starting 25 October 2007. Filming took place from 5 pm to 5 am daily, and residents of the street were asked to black out their windows with dark blinds. On set reports indicated that the main scene filmed was Harry and Dumbledore's visit to Slughorn's house.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3501745", "score": "1.0088389", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Bonnie Wright", "text": "the King Alfred School in North London for her secondary education. During the filming of \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" and \"Part 2\", she began attending London's University of the Arts: London College of Communication, to begin studies as a Film and Television Production Manager, because of her plans to continue acting and to work behind-the-scenes after filming \"Harry Potter\". In 2012, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Wright appears in the first film, \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", only in a small scene set at London King's Cross railway station, where her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2645625", "score": "1.0062191", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "text": "Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the 2010/2011 two-film finale of the \"Harry Potter\" film series, began in 2009. Both Part 1 and Part 2 were directed by David Yates, written by Steve Kloves, and form the screen adaptation of the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling. The picture was produced by Rowling, alongside David Heyman and David Barron. It was originally set to be released as one, but Warner Bros. Pictures divided the film into two parts due to its long running time. Both parts were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15646871", "score": "1.0027113", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "text": "gave much of what would normally be given to Californian vendors to UK ones. They came up trumps.\" Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor, said many studios \"are bringing their work to UK effects companies. Every facility is fully booked, and that wasn't the case before \"Harry Potter\". That's really significant.\" On 12 June 2010, filming of the \"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" and \"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" was completed with actor Warwick Davis stating on his Twitter account, \"The end of an Era – today is officially the last day of principal photography on 'Harry Potter' – ever.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9017507", "score": "1.00031", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game)", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is the first part of a two-part action-adventure video game developed by EA Bright Light and published by Electronic Arts. It was released on November 16, 2010 in the United States, November 18, 2010 in Australia and on November 19, 2010 in Europe and India and is based on the film of the same name. Part 2 was released to coincide with the second film. The game was released on the Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14615672", "score": "1.0001915", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "text": "two parts were filmed back-to-back from early 2009 to summer 2010, with the completion of reshoots taking place on 21 December 2010; this marked the end of filming \"Harry Potter\". Heyman stated that \"Deathly Hallows\" was \"shot as one film\" but released in two feature-length parts. Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor of the series, said of the production on \"Harry Potter\", \"It was this huge family; I think there were over 700 people working at Leavesden, an industry in itself.\" David Heyman said, \"When the first film opened, no way did I think we'd make eight films. That didn't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9017480", "score": "0.9980178", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Emma Watson", "text": "stated she wanted to go to university after she completed the Potter series. Watson's filming for the final instalment, \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", began on 18 February 2009 and ended on 12 June 2010. For financial and scripting reasons, the original book was divided into two films which were shot consecutively. \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" was released in November 2010 while the second film was released in July 2011. \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\" became a commercial and critical success. The highest-grossing film in the franchise, it grossed more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1320538", "score": "0.9932576", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", "text": "the shooting schedule was set at 250 days, the filming took 478 days to complete. Radcliffe, Grint, and Watson all openly wept on the last day, which seemed to end their ten years of work on the films. However, reshoots were confirmed to begin in the winter of 2010 for the film's final scene, \"19 Years Later\", which originally took place in London at King's Cross station. The filming was completed in December 2010, marking the franchise's official closure of ten years of filming. During production at Leavesden, Radcliffe's stunt double David Holmes suffered a serious spinal injury during the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15646880", "score": "0.98782414", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (video game)", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (video game) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is the second part of a two-part third-person shooter video game developed by EA Bright Light and published by Electronic Arts. It was released on July 12, 2011 in North America and July 15, 2011 in Europe. It is based on the film of the same name. The game continues to follow Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger on their quest to defeat Lord Voldemort by destroying his remaining Horcruxes, items which contain part of his soul. Critics reviewed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15668844", "score": "0.9876041", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "London Boulevard", "text": "were shot by fashion photographer David Bailey. A trailer was released on 1 November 2010. The film opened in the United Kingdom on 26 November 2010. When the film was released in the United Kingdom, it opened on #3, behind \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" and \"Unstoppable\". IFC Films picked up the release rights in the United States, and had a 5 October 2011 release date for the premiere on Video on Demand, and an 11 November 2011 release date for the theatrical release. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 33% of critics gave the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13344308", "score": "0.9868121", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)", "text": "film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" and is followed by \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\". Filming began on 24 September 2007, leading to the film's worldwide cinematic release on 15 July 2009, one day short of the fourth anniversary of the corresponding novel's release. The film was simultaneously released in regular cinemas and IMAX 3D everywhere except North America, where its IMAX release was delayed for two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3501726", "score": "0.98589313", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Yuzuru Hanyu", "Javier Fernández", "Shoma Uno" ]

[ { "title": "Andrei Mozalev", "text": "Andrei Mozalev Andrei Mikhailovich Mozalev (, born 24 March 2003) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 JGP Czech Republic champion. Mozalev was born on 24 March 2003 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Mozalev began learning to skate in 2008. He is coached by Kirill Davydenko. In November 2016 Mozalev made his international junior level debut at the 2016 Volvo Open Cup where he won the gold medal. Three weeks later he won another gold medal at the 2016 NRW Trophy. In November 2017 Mozalev won his 3rd international gold medal at the 2017 Tallinn Trophy. At the 2018", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908918", "score": "1.1652536", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Mikhail Kolyada", "text": "won his 2nd consecutive Russian figure skating title, and despite errors won bronze for the 2nd consecutive year at the European Figure Skating Championships. He was selected to skate both programs for Team Russia in the Olympic Team Figure Skating event, helping the Olympic Athletes of Russia to the Team Silver medal. He won the bronze medal at the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Italy, being 2nd after the short, but dropping to 3rd after errors in the long. Kolyada started his season by competing in two ISU Challenger Series events. In mid September he won the gold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17130441", "score": "1.1440805", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Roman Savosin", "text": "won the silver medal at the 2018 Russian Junior Championships after placing 6th in the short program and 2nd in the free skate. In March 2018 Savosin competed at the 2018 Junior Worlds where he placed 5th after placing 12th in the short program and 5th in the free skate. Savosin started his season by competing in the 2018 JGP series. At his first JGP event of the season he placed 5th in Bratislava, Slovakia. At his 2nd JGP event he won the bronze medal in Linz, Austria. In late November Savosin finished 5th at the 2018 CS Tallinn Trophy.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19408508", "score": "1.1325804", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Artur Danielian", "text": "In February 2018, he won the bronze medal at the 2018 Russian Junior Championships. In March, Danielian competed at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria; he won the silver medal, behind teammate Alexey Erokhov, after placing 8th in the short program and second in the free skate. Danielian started his season by competing in the 2018 JGP series. At his first JGP event of the season he placed 5th in Ljubljana, Slovenia. At his 2nd JGP event he placed 4th in Yerevan, Armenia. \"CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" \"Small medals for short and free programs awarded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20618414", "score": "1.1255343", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Paul Fentz", "text": "in the men's event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. \"GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Paul Fentz Paul Fentz (born 8 September 1992) is a German figure skater. He has won four senior international medals and is the 2018 German national champion. He has competed in the final segment at four ISU Championships. Fentz began appearing on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series in the 2008–09 season. His senior international debut came at the 2011 Triglav Trophy. In the 2011–12 season, he won the silver medal at the 2012 German Championships and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16211242", "score": "1.1248893", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Alexander Samarin", "text": "at the 2017 Skate Canada and placed 4th at the 2017 Internationaux de France. In December 2017 Samarin competed at the 2018 Russian Championships where he won the silver medal behind Mikhail Kolyada. In January 2018 he competed at the 2018 European Championships where he placed 6th. Samarin started his season at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where he finished 5th. In his Grand Prix events, he placed 4th at 2018 Skate Canada and 3rd at 2018 Internationaux de France. In early December Samarin competed at the 2018 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb where he won the bronze medal.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16813090", "score": "1.1225922", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Deniss Vasiļjevs", "text": "5th in the free skate and climbed to 6th overall. He went on to win gold at Cup of Tyrol for the second time. In December, Vasiļjevs won his 3rd national title, and along with Diāna Ņikitina, was subsequently selected to represent Latvia in figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics. At the 2018 European Championships in January, he placed 3rd in the short program and earned a small bronze medal. He was 5th in the free skating after falling on a downgraded quad toeloop and finished 4th, matching the record finishes of Angelīna Kučvaļska and Konstantīns Kostins at previous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17922579", "score": "1.1198483", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Andrei Lazukin", "text": "medal. In early November he placed 6th at the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki. Two weeks later he finished 7th at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup. \"GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Andrei Lazukin Andrei Olegovich Lazukin (, born 19 November 1997) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2015 Bavarian Open champion, 2017 Triglav Trophy silver medalist, and 2018 CS Lombardia Trophy bronze medalist. Earlier in his career, he won gold at the 2014 ISU Junior Grand Prix in Germany. Andrei Olegovich Lazukin was born on 19 November 1997 in Tolyatti, Russia. Lazukin began learning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18315993", "score": "1.1188821", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Dmitri Aliev", "text": "compete at the 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy but withdrew due to ankle inflammation . In October 2017 Aliev made his debut at the Grand Prix series. He placed 6th at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup and 8th at the 2017 NHK Trophy. He then won his first ISU Challenger Series gold medalt at the 2017 CS Tallinn Trophy. He came in third in the 2018 Russian Nationals. In January 2018 he won the silver medal at the 2018 European Championship after placing 2nd in both the short program and the free skate. At the Europeans he scored his personal best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18997060", "score": "1.1153138", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles", "text": "With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Deniss Vasiļjevs", "text": "Deniss Vasiļjevs Deniss Vasiļjevs (born 9 August 1999) is a Latvian figure skater. He is the 2016 Youth Olympics silver medallist. He is also the 2015 CS Tallinn Trophy bronze medalist, the 2016-17 and 2017-18 Cup of Tyrol champion, the 2018 Minsk-Arena Ice Star champion, and a three-time Latvian national champion. He finished in the top ten at the 2017 European Championships, in the top five at the 2018 European Championships and in the top ten at the 2018 World Championships. Earlier in his career, Vasiļjevs won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series. He is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17922571", "score": "1.1149004", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ivan Bukin", "text": "won two bronze medals in the Grand Prix series, the first bronze came at the 2017 Rostelecom Cup and the 2nd bronze came at the 2017 Internationaux de France. They then won the silver medal at the 2018 Russian Championships. A month later they won the Bronze medal at the 2018 European Championships after placing 2nd in the short dance and 3rd in the free dance. They weren't sent to the 2018 Winter Olympics because it was announced by the Russian Figure Skating Federation on 23 January 2018 that the International Olympic Committee did not invite Bukin to compete at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14986115", "score": "1.1113925", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dmitri Aliev", "text": "Dmitri Aliev Dmitri Sergeyevich Aliev (, born 1 June 1999) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 European silver medalist and 2018 Russian national bronze medalist. He is also the 2017 World Junior silver medalist, the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, a two-time medalist at the 2016 Youth Olympics (bronze in the men's singles discipline and gold in the team event), and a two-time (2016, 2017) Russian national junior champion. Dmitri Sergeyevich Aliev was born on 1 June 1999 in Ukhta, Komi Republic, Russia. His father, Sergey, is the director of a skating club in Ukhta. Having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18997054", "score": "1.1081038", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jin Boyang", "text": "Chinese athlete competing in men's single skating in Olympic history so far. At the 2018 World Championships, he placed fourth in the short program but dropped to 19th overall after ranking 23rd in the free skate. \"GP: Grand Prix\"; \"CS: Challenger Series\"; \"JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" \"Small medals for short and free programs are awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals are awarded for team results only.\" Jin Boyang Jin Boyang (; ; born October 3, 1997) is a Chinese figure skater. He is a two-time World bronze medalist (2016–2017), the 2018 Four Continentschampion, the 2017 Asian Winter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16739484", "score": "1.0972039", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Felipe Montoya", "text": "PyeongChang, South Korea. He placed 29th in the short program. Felipe Montoya Andrés Felipe Montoya Pulgarín (born 30 August 1990) is a Spanish competitive figure skater. He has won seven international medals and is an eight-time Spanish national medalist, having won two silver and six bronze medals. He finished within the top twenty at two European Championships (2016, 2018) and placed 29th at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Montoya was born on 30 August 1990 in Pereira, Colombia. He moved to Spain when he was eight years old. Montoya began learning to skate in 2003. He trained at Txuri-Berri Club de", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19295492", "score": "1.0968409", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Nathan Chen", "text": "Nathan Chen Nathan Chen (born May 5, 1999) is an American figure skater who competes in the men's singles discipline. He is the 2018 World champion, the 2018 Winter Olympic bronze medalist in the team event, the 2017 Four Continents champion, a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2017, 2018), and a two-time U.S. national champion (2017, 2018). Chen is the first and currently only skater competing with five quadruple jumps: toe loop, salchow, loop, flip and lutz. Nathan Chen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and he has four older siblings. He attended West High School in Salt Lake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14333873", "score": "1.0934697", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Oleksii Bychenko", "text": "ranked third in the short program, 9th in the free skate, and 5th overall at the 2017 European Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic. In March, he placed 11th in the short, 12th in the free, and 10th overall at the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. Due to his result, Israel qualified two spots in the men's event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Bychenko competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Men's Single Figure Skating in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and served as Israel's flag bearer at the opening ceremonies. Bychenko finished the men’s figure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9614335", "score": "1.0934278", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Artur Dmitriev Jr.", "text": "debut at the 2016 Rostelecom Cup where he placed 10th. A week later he skated his 2nd GP event at the 2016 Trophée de France where he placed 9th. In December 2016 he placed 8th at the 2017 Russian Championships. In February 2017 he competed at the 2017 Winter Universiade where he finished 4th. In the 2017–18 season, he won the bronze medal at the 2017 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb and finished 5th at the 2018 Russian Championships. In the 2018–19 season, he started his season at the 2018 CS Nebelhorn Trophy where he won the bronze medal. At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14365983", "score": "1.0931392", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Keiji Tanaka", "text": "8th at the 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy after placing 4th in the short program and 9th in the free skate. He received two Grand Prix assignments, 2017 Rostelecom Cup and 2017 Cup of China. He withdrew from the first event due to a muscle injury in his right hip-pelvic area. In December, Tanaka won his second National silver medal, and was named to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships and the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships. At the 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, Tanaka set new personal bests in the short program,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15414134", "score": "1.0928007", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Zhang He (figure skater)", "text": "overall. \"GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Zhang He (figure skater) Zhang He (; November 5, 1996) is a Chinese figure skater. He is the 2018 Chinese national silver medalist. He has won six ISU Junior Grand Prix medals and has competed at four World Junior Championships, placing as high as 6th. Zhang debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series in 2010, placing 9th and 10th in his two events. The next season, he won his first medal, silver in Latvia, and placed 5th in his other event in Austria. He was sent to his first World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16245659", "score": "1.0925376", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Artur Danielian", "text": "only at ISU Championships.\" Artur Danielian Artur Ashotovich Danielian (, born 17 December 2003) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 World Junior silver medalist and 2018 Russian junior national bronze medalist. Danielian was born on 17 December 2003 in Volgograd, Russia. He is the youngest of three children. Danielian began learning to skate in 2008, after an ice rink opened near his home in Volgograd. In 2016, he moved to Moscow and joined CSKA Moscow. Marina Selitskaia and Elena Buianova became his coaches. In September 2017, Danielian competed at his first Junior Grand Prix (JGP) assignment, placing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20618415", "score": "1.0923506", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Matteo Rizzo", "text": "Matteo Rizzo Matteo Rizzo (born 5 September 1998) is an Italian figure skater. He is the 2018 World Junior bronze medalist and 2017 JGP Italy champion. On the senior level, he is the 2018 NHK Trophy bronze medalist and 2018 Italian national champion, and has won three ISU Challenger Series medals, including gold at the 2017 CS Warsaw Cup. He represented Italy at the 2018 Winter Olympics, qualifying to the free skate and finishing 21st overall. Matteo Rizzo was born on 5 September 1998 in Rome. His parents, Brunilde Bianchi and Valter Rizzo, and sister, Francesca Rizzo, all competed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18424765", "score": "1.0922211", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Zhang He (figure skater)", "text": "Zhang He (figure skater) Zhang He (; November 5, 1996) is a Chinese figure skater. He is the 2018 Chinese national silver medalist. He has won six ISU Junior Grand Prix medals and has competed at four World Junior Championships, placing as high as 6th. Zhang debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series in 2010, placing 9th and 10th in his two events. The next season, he won his first medal, silver in Latvia, and placed 5th in his other event in Austria. He was sent to his first World Junior Championships, finishing 6th. In 2012–13, Zhang missed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16245657", "score": "1.0919065", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ilia Skirda", "text": "Ilia Skirda Ilia Valeryevich Skirda (, born 21 September 2002) is a Russian figure skater who competes in men's singles. He has won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series. Skirda skated at Sokolniki Sports school before relocating to Sambo 70 skating club in 2013. He finished 7th at his first junior nationals, in 2015. After a year, he finished 4th at the 2016 Russian Junior Championships, behind Roman Savosin. In August 2016, at age 13, Skirda made his international debut at the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix (JGP) competition in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, France. Ranked 9th in the short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19705142", "score": "1.0914419", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Matteo Rizzo", "text": "Junior Grand Prix\" \"Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals awarded for team results only.\" Matteo Rizzo Matteo Rizzo (born 5 September 1998) is an Italian figure skater. He is the 2018 World Junior bronze medalist and 2017 JGP Italy champion. On the senior level, he is the 2018 NHK Trophy bronze medalist and 2018 Italian national champion, and has won three ISU Challenger Series medals, including gold at the 2017 CS Warsaw Cup. He represented Italy at the 2018 Winter Olympics, qualifying to the free skate and finishing 21st overall.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18424771", "score": "1.0913684", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mitsuki Sumoto", "text": "Croatia. His results qualified him for the 2017-18 Junior Grand Prix Final. He won the 2017–18 Japanese Junior National title in November, placing first in both segments of the competition. At the 2017–18 Junior Grand Prix Final, Sumoto won the bronze medal, placing third in both the short program and the free skate. He placed 6th on the senior level at the 2017-18 Japan Figure Skating Championships, and was assigned to the 2018 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, where he placed third in the short program and ninth in the free skate, finishing in ninth place overall. Sumoto revealed that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19012404", "score": "1.0895182", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Vladimir Morozov (figure skater)", "text": "started their season by competing at the 2018 CS Finlandia Trophy, where they won the gold medal. At their first Grand Prix assignment, the 2018 Skate America, they placed first in both segments to win the gold medal. They outscored the silver medalists, their teammates Alisa Efimova / Alexander Korovin, by about 25 points. Tarasova said they were \"happy that we’re halfway in the Final.\" In mid-November they competed at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup where they won their second Grand Prix gold medal of the season. Again they were ranked first in both programs and beat the silver medalist, Nicole", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16914185", "score": "1.0891998", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Daniel Samohin", "text": "that they were not yet consistent for him. In March 2017 he won the bronze medal at the Cup of Tyrol in Innsbruck, Austria. He also won a bronze medal in the ISU CS Minsk Arena Ice Star 2017, in Minsk, Belarus. Samohin withdrew from the 2017 Skate America in November 2017, after dislocating his left shoulder when he fell on a quad Salchow. He noted: \"I like to take risks, because I skate for Israel.\" He competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Men's Singles Figure Skating in Pyeongchang, South Korea, at the age of 19. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18240252", "score": "1.0870154", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Nikita Katsalapov", "text": "where they won the bronze medal. At their GP events they first placed 4th at the 2017 NHK Trophy and then they won the bronze medal at the 2017 Skate America. At the 2018 Russian Championships they had to withdrew after the short dance. Sinitsina/Katsalapov started their season at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where they won the gold medal with a personal best score of 196.42 points. In late October they won the silver medal at the 2018 Skate Canada. In late November they won their second Grand Prix silver medal of the season at the 2018 Internationaux", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13763397", "score": "1.0869358", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Sergei Voronov (figure skater)", "text": "Voronov competed in two Challenger events. His first event was 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where he won the silver medal behind his teammate Mikhail Kolyada. He then skated at the 2017 CS Minsk-Arena Ice Star where he won the gold medal. In November 2017 Voronov won his first Grand Prix series gold medal when he won the 2017 NHK Trophy with a personal best score of 271.12 points. He then won the bronze medal at the 2017 Skate America. These results qualified him to the 2017–18 Grand Prix Final where he placed 4th after placing 5th in the short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9025822", "score": "1.0866754", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "Jamestown", "St. Augustine", "Puerto Rico" ]

[ { "title": "Parkwood, Philadelphia", "text": "Before the first permanent European settlement of the area in the 17th century, Native American inhabited the area, including the Algonquian and Iroquois nations The dominant Algonquian group, the Lenni-Lenape, settled in this area because of the proximity to the Poquessing Creek, where fishing, hunting, and water resources were readily accessible. Despite their dependence on water, the Lenape created well established paths to major features in the region. Early explorers and European settlers, who arrived in the 17th century, utilized these paths, which became wagon trails and major highways such as Knights Road, Bristol Pike and Roosevelt Boulevard. In 1645,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9148963", "score": "0.9853862", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Marietta, Ohio", "text": "outpost built three years prior. Bringing with them the first government sanctioned by the US for this area, they established the first permanent United States settlement in the Northwest Territory. (Older European settlements in the Northwest Territory region include Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, 1668; Detroit, 1701; Prairie du Rocher, Illinois, 1720; and Vincennes, Indiana, 1732, all settled by ethnic French colonists from Canada.) The Americans named Marietta in honor of Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France, who had aided the colonies in their battle for independence from Great Britain. The Indians were unhappy to see white settlers moving into their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1189809", "score": "0.96793264", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "North Carolina", "text": "I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the \"Lost Colony\" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "293621", "score": "0.967617", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Spanish assault on French Florida", "text": "the first permanent European settlement in what is now the continental United States. By the doctrine of \"uti possidetis de facto\", or \"effective occupation\", they legitimized their claim to Florida, stretching from the Panuco River on the Gulf of Mexico up the Atlantic coast to Chesapeake Bay, leaving England and France to establish their own colonies in regions farther north. Jean Ribault founded his colony at Port Royal in 1562, having previously come upon the St. Johns, which he called \"la Rivière de Mai\" (the River of May), because he saw it on the first of that month. Two years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17924582", "score": "0.96477866", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "St. Johns River", "text": "was the location of the first permanent European settlement in what would become the United States, it was the last U.S. territory on the east coast to be developed; it remained an undeveloped frontier into the 20th century. When attention was turned to the state, however, much of the land was rapidly overdeveloped in a national zeal for progress. The St. Johns, like many Florida rivers, was altered to make way for agricultural and residential centers. It suffered severe pollution and human interference that has diminished the natural order of life in and around the river. In all, 3.5 million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2549619", "score": "0.9644823", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Parris Island, South Carolina", "text": "Europeans in 1562, when members of a French expedition led by Jean Ribaut temporarily settled on the island. This was the first semi-permanent European settlement in what are considered now the United States. Four years later, a town named Santa Elena was founded here by Spanish Conquistador Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. It was the capital of La Florida from 1566 to 1587, during which time Spanish explorers sailed from Santa Elena to explore the Tennessee valley and Chesapeake Bay. An expedition also traveled overland into the interior to western North Carolina and points west. Parris Island was captured by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1220244", "score": "0.95990765", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Delaware Colony", "text": "the shoreline of what would become Delaware for inclusion in the New Netherland colony. Initial Dutch settlement was centered up river at Fort Nassau at Big Timber Creek south of what is now Gloucester City, New Jersey. Neither the Dutch nor the English showed any early interest in establishing any kind of settlement on this land. The first true attempt to settle Europeans in the territories that would become the State of Delaware was not made until 1629 when agents of the Dutch West India Company Gillis Hossitt and Jacob Jansz arrived to negotiate with the Native Americans to \"purchase\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2699765", "score": "0.955047", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Poesten Kill", "text": "and its tributaries. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Mohicans occupied the land through which the Poesten Kill flows. The first permanent European settlement in the area was Fort Orange, a trading post built by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, about south of the mouth of the creek. However, the mouth of the Poesten Kill at the Hudson is said to be first genuine European frontier settlement outside the barricades of Fort Orange. The land making up much of current-day Albany and Rensselaer counties was sold by the Mohicans in 1630 to Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a Dutch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13996615", "score": "0.9518602", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of Indianapolis", "text": "to establish a permanent seat of state government. Two years later, under the Treaty of St. Mary's (1818), the Delaware relinquished title to their tribal lands in central Indiana and agreed to leave the area by 1821. This tract of land, which was called the New Purchase, included the site selected for the new state capital in 1820. The availability of new federal lands for purchase in central Indiana attracted settlers, many of them descendants of families from northwestern Europe. Although many of these first European and American setters were Protestants, a large proportion of the early Irish and German", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8956849", "score": "0.9502777", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Colonial history of the United States", "text": "Spain established several small outposts in Florida in the early 16th century. The most important of these was St. Augustine, founded in 1565 but repeatedly attacked and burned by pirates, privateers, and English forces. Its buildings survived, even as nearly all the Spanish left. It claims to be the oldest European settlement in the continental United States.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Fairlawn (Washington, D.C.)", "text": "visit the region in A.D. 1612, naming the river the \"Nacotchtank\". War and disease decimated the Nacochtank, and during the last 25 years of the 17th century the tribe ceased to exist as a functional unit and its few remaining members merged with other local Piscataway Indian tribes. European settlement in Southeast Washington first occurred in 1662 at Blue Plains (now the site of the city's sewage treatment plant just to the west of the modern neighborhood of Bellevue), and at St. Elizabeth (now the site of St. Elizabeths Hospital psychiatric hospital) and Giesborough (now called Barry Farm) in 1663.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9283581", "score": "0.9495029", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania", "text": "distinction of being the site of the first recorded European settlement in Pennsylvania. Fort Nya Gothenborg, located on the South River, was settled by colonial Swedes in 1643. It served as capital of the New Sweden colony, under the rule of Royal Governor Johan Björnsson Printz. Governor Printz built his manor house, The Printzhof, on Tinicum Island, from which he administered the colony. The original Lenape called the place \"Tin-eek Unk\". The township is the site of the Philadelphia Lazaretto, the first quarantine hospital in the United States. It and the Printzhof are listed on the National Register of Historic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1888955", "score": "0.9476371", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of Georgia (U.S. state)", "text": "attempted to establish a colony on an island, possibly near St. Catherines Island. It was during this colonial attempt, known as San Miguel de Guadalupe, that the first Catholic Mass took place in the present-day United States. From 1539 to 1542 Hernando de Soto, a Spanish \"conquistador\" led the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day southern United States searching for gold, and a passage to China. A vast undertaking, de Soto's North American expedition ranged across parts of the modern states of Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas and included traversing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2940271", "score": "0.94546473", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "New York City", "text": "roughly north, past the site of the present-day New York State capital city of Albany, in the belief that it might be an oceanic tributary before the river became too shallow to continue. He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by the Netherlands and called \"Nieuw-Nederland\" (New Netherland). The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as \"Jan Rodrigues\"), a merchant from Santo Domingo. Born in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3105173", "score": "0.94470465", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Washington, Connecticut", "text": "Washington, Connecticut Archeological evidence suggests that Native Americans first settled along the banks of the Shepaug River about 10,000 years ago, following the conclusion of the last ice age. Before the arrival of European settlers, the lands today comprising Washington were inhabited by the Wyantenock tribe. In 1734, Joseph Hurlbut settled the eastern section of what is now Washington, marking the beginning of the town's inhabitation by Colonists. The area around the Hurlbut homestead came to be known as the Judea Parish, a name preserved in the still active Judea Cemetery. It was initially part of Woodbury. In 1746, when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1030140", "score": "0.9445495", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Bergen Township, New Jersey (1661–1862)", "text": "his efforts regain a foothold on the North River's western shore and expand beyond New Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan, under the condition that a garrison be built. It is the first permanent European settlement and oldest municipality in what would become the state of New Jersey. It became and remained the seat of government for the province until 1709, when the British moved it to Hackensack, which was seen as more centrally located. In 1664, a negotiated surrender gave control of New Netherland to the English and on September 22, 1668, the original town charter was confirmed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7053603", "score": "0.94275033", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón", "text": "approximately 15 km north, near Pawleys Island. They found the area unsuitable, and Ayllón decided to move further south. Some accounts say that some settlers took an overland voyage, while others left on a new boat built at the temporary settlement. If true, this would probably have been the earliest example of European-style boat building in what is now the United States. Heading southward, likely by both land and sea, the group reunited. On October 8, 1526, they established the short-lived colony of San Miguel de Guadalupe, the first European settlement in the present United States, probably at or near", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3371786", "score": "0.9424002", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Territories of the United States on stamps", "text": "formation. The landmark setting is taken from Franconia Notch, NH, with the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\" below. Kentucky's first settlement 200th anniversary was commemorated with a 10-cent stamp on June 15, 1974. Fort Harrod was the first permanent settlement founded by James Harrod. The scene depicts two settler's wagons approaching the fort. Settlement of the Northwest Territory under the Ordinance of 1787 was celebrated on its 150th anniversary by a 3-cent stamp on July 15, 1938. The first permanent place was Marietta, Ohio. The Territory included Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. The stamp features", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17936070", "score": "0.9419766", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Territorial evolution of North America since 1763", "text": "the second permanent Russian settlement in Alaska (after Unalaska) on the island's Three Saints Bay. Delegates from the North Carolina counties of Washington, Sullivan, Spencer (now Hawkins) and Greene — all in present-day Tennessee — convened in the town of Jonesborough and declared the lands the State of Frankland, independent of North Carolina. A constitution modeled on that of North Carolina was adopted with few changes, and the state name was changed to \"Franklin\". By 1790, the state government had collapsed entirely and the territory was again firmly under the control of North Carolina. In 1789, in attempt to assert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13991373", "score": "0.941874", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "North Manitou Island", "text": "to reach the shore - the Sleeping Bear Dunes. Most archeologists believe early habitation by Native Americans was only temporary due to the island's scarcity of natural resources and the abundance of resources on the mainland. Despite this, there are signs of activity by Native Americans and some of the earliest archeological sites ever found in Michigan are located there. This includes seven sites, mostly on the east side. These sites date back to between 8,000 and 600 BC. Items found include: stone and flint tools, a copper awl, pottery and the remains of a canoe. The initial European settlements", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3109618", "score": "0.9413001", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "South Fayette Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania", "text": "of a stream that would be named Millers Run. Before later emigrating to Kentucky, Miller sold an expansive tract of land to a land speculator named Campbell for a pair of shoes. The first permanent settler was Christian Lesnett, a German immigrant who came from Baltimore, Maryland, in 1770. In 1770, George Washington is believed to have acquired of land from his neighbor John Posey in exchange for forgiveness of debt. Washington was an absentee landlord and treated the property as a land investment. Today, this parcel of land includes what is now known as the Hickory Heights community located", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1202698", "score": "0.94112265", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Upper Darby Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania", "text": "Susquehannock to the west along with devastating smallpox and measles epidemics had significantly reduced their numbers. The first permanent Europeans settlers arrived in late 1653 with a group from New Sweden. Soon after, in 1655, New Sweden was taken over by the Dutch, and then came under English rule in October 1664 as part England's overall conquest of New Amsterdam. The region was controlled as a possession of the English king until it was included in a large land grant to William Penn in 1681. Upon Penn's founding of the colony of Pennsylvania the next year, the area was designated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1199564", "score": "0.94016504", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "History of the United States", "text": "the Mississippi River, the Grand Canyon and the Great Plains. In 1540, Hernando de Soto undertook an extensive exploration of the Southeast. In 1540, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado explored from Arizona to central Kansas. Small Spanish settlements eventually grew to become important cities, such as San Antonio, Texas; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Tucson, Arizona; Los Angeles, California; and San Francisco, California. New Netherland was a 17th-century Dutch colony centered on present-day New York City and the Hudson River Valley; the Dutch traded furs with the Native Americans to the north. The colony served as a barrier to expansion from New England.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "739736", "score": "0.9395853", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Norwood, Ohio", "text": "the first permanent settlement on the banks of the Ohio River in what would later become Cincinnati was established. In 1793, General \"Mad Anthony\" Wayne led several companies of troops from Fort Washington in Cincinnati to advance against a hostile tribe of Native Americans encamped on the banks of the nearby Millcreek in what is now St. Bernard. Historians believe that a company of troops under the direction of General Wayne made their way through Norwood during this campaign and widened an old Native American trail, which followed the path of present-day Smith Road, Montgomery Road, and Carthage Avenue. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1184918", "score": "0.93954515", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "East Jersey", "text": "included Pavonia (1633), Vriessendael (1640) and Achter Col (1642) These settlements were compromised in Kieft's War (1643–1645) and the Peach Tree War (1655–1660). Settlers again returned to the western shores of the Hudson River in the 1660 formation of Bergen, New Netherland, which would become the first permanent European settlement in the territory of the modern state of New Jersey. During the Second Anglo-Dutch War, on August 27, 1664, New Amsterdam surrendered to English forces. Between 1664 and 1674 most settlement was from other parts of the Americas, especially New England, Long Island, and the West Indies. Elizabethtown and Newark", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1751095", "score": "0.9374302", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "La Porte, Indiana", "text": "of the purchasers of the site, constructed the first sawmill in that year. The first settler arrived in October, building a permanent cabin just north of what would become the courthouse square. After the US extinguished land claims by the Potowatomi and other historic tribes of the area by treaty and removal to Indian Territory, in 1833 a Federal Land Office was established in La Porte. People would come to this office from newly established surrounding counties to buy land from the government, including Solon Robinson, founder of Crown Point. The office was moved to Winamac in 1839. By 1835", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1063156", "score": "0.9372921", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Paulins Kill", "text": "and the Lenape roots \"hannek\" meaning \"stream\" and the suffix \"-ong\" denoting \"place\". The first human settlement along the Paulins Kill was by early Native Americans circa 8,000–10,000 BC at the close of the last ice age (known as the Wisconsin glaciation). At the time of the first settlement by emigrating Europeans in this region, it was populated by the Munsee tribe of the Lenni Lenape (or Delaware) Indians. Artifacts (often of stone, clay or bone) of the Native American culture are often found in nearby farm fields and at the site of their ancient villages. Typically, early European settlement", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6283157", "score": "0.9365752", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Washington, Connecticut", "text": "revival. Portions of the 1981 horror movie \"Friday the 13th, Part 2\", were filmed in New Preston. Washington, Connecticut Archeological evidence suggests that Native Americans first settled along the banks of the Shepaug River about 10,000 years ago, following the conclusion of the last ice age. Before the arrival of European settlers, the lands today comprising Washington were inhabited by the Wyantenock tribe. In 1734, Joseph Hurlbut settled the eastern section of what is now Washington, marking the beginning of the town's inhabitation by Colonists. The area around the Hurlbut homestead came to be known as the Judea Parish, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1030165", "score": "0.93579364", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Hispanophone", "text": "nation's total population by the year 2050. Historically, a continuous Hispanic presence in the territory of the United States has existed since the 16th century, earlier than any other group after the Amerindians. Spaniards pioneered the present-day United States. The first confirmed European landing on the continent was that of Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 on the shore he christened \"La Florida\". Within three decades of Ponce de León's landing, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach the Appalachian Mountains, the Mississippi River, the Grand Canyon, and the Great Plains. Spanish ships sailed along the East", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3670791", "score": "0.9356917", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Corn Island (Kentucky)", "text": "The island was flooded by the construction of a dam in the 1920s. It now lies permanently underwater. Corn Island was first surveyed in 1773 by Thomas Bullitt's party and called \"Dunmore's Island\" (after John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, Crown Governor of Virginia). Surveying expeditions like this helped to provoke Dunmore's War the following year. During the American Revolutionary War, the island was settled on May 27, 1778 by George Rogers Clark's militia and 60 civilian settlers, who remained behind when Clark's party departed on June 24. Clark established the farming colony on the island as a communication post", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7343026", "score": "0.9354959", "original_retrieval_index": 49 } ]

[ "Malina Weissman" ]

[ { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "age and change, we're trying to film everything as quickly as possible.\" In March 2017, Netflix revealed the series had been renewed for a second season by releasing a video on their social media pointing to a viral marketing website, where a letter written by Snicket revealed the decision. A month later, the series was \"quietly\" renewed for a third season, which Harris confirmed would be the final one for the series. On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire. In January 2016, Netflix announced that Neil Patrick Harris had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383183", "score": "1.161094", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "whom Netflix contracted to make a title sequence for the series after the video's popularity, though they did not go ahead with the concept. In October 2016, Netflix released the first teaser trailer for \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\", where Warburton narrates the events of the series as Lemony Snicket. A trailer, featuring footage from the series and Neil Patrick Harris's character, Count Olaf, was released by Netflix in November 2016, followed shortly by the first full trailer. The second trailer was released in December 2016, followed by a \"holiday-themed\" trailer from Count Olaf leading fans to a viral marketing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383192", "score": "1.05957", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (also simply known as A Series of Unfortunate Events) is a 2004 American gothic dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is a film adaptation of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" by Lemony Snicket, covering the first three novels \"The Bad Beginning\", \"The Reptile Room\", and \"The Wide Window\". The film stars Jim Carrey, Liam Aiken, Emily Browning, Timothy Spall, Catherine O'Hara, Billy Connolly, Cedric the Entertainer, Luis Guzmán, Jennifer Coolidge and Meryl Streep, as well as Jude Law as Lemony Snicket (the pen name", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189553", "score": "1.0354861", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "A Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified \"children's novels\", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907513", "score": "1.0296088", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "website for the fictional Valorous Farms Dairy, which featured four holiday e-cards for download. As part of the marketing for the third season, Netflix released a YouTube trailer of Count Olaf and Lemony Snicket on November 13, 2018 giving alternative accounts of the events of the previous seasons, with the former describing them as a series of \"learning experiences\" and the latter as a \"series of unfortunate events.\" On December 10, Netflix released a second YouTube trailer, featuring Allison Williams as Kit Snicket and introducing Richard E. Grant as the villainous \"Man with a Beard but No Hair\" and Beth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383193", "score": "1.0254534", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "76 Pick\", and \"The Grim Grotto\" is an Amazon.com Customers' Favorite. A Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified \"children's novels\", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907565", "score": "1.0075574", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Louis Hynes", "text": "Louis Hynes Louis Oliver Hynes (born 9 October 2001) is an English actor. He is best known for his leading role as Klaus Baudelaire in the Netflix series \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" series in 2017. Louis Hynes was born and raised in Oxford, England, the middle of three children. Hynes plays bass guitar when he is not acting. He loves live music and goes to gigs as often as possible. He lives with his parents, Andrew and Lisa Hynes, his elder brother Milo, and younger sister Lara just outside Oxford. Hynes began his career in an acclaimed performance as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20071422", "score": "1.0071981", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "casting of Patrick Warburton as Lemony Snicket, and Aasif Mandvi as Uncle Monty. In September 2016, it was revealed that Dylan Kingwell and Avi Lake were cast as the Quagmire siblings, Duncan and Isadora, respectively. In November 2016, Handler revealed Catherine O'Hara, Don Johnson, and Alfre Woodard had been cast as Dr. Georgina Orwell, Sir, and Aunt Josephine, respectively; O'Hara had previously portrayed Justice Strauss in the 2004 film adaptation of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\". It was also revealed that Presley Smith would play Sunny Baudelaire, whose quasi-nonsensical lines are voiced by Tara Strong, and Rhys Darby would play", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383185", "score": "0.99478084", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "of the 13th book, The End. Author Daniel Handler will serve as a writer and executive producer. On September 4, 2015, it was announced that filmmaker Barry Sonnenfeld and \"True Blood\" showrunner Mark Hudis had agreed to helm the series. Hudis would serve as showrunner, Sonnenfeld as director, and both as executive producers. Daniel Handler is penning the scripts. On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire, with the casting call confirming that the series would begin production in March 2016. In January 2016, Netflix announced that Hudis had left", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907550", "score": "0.9905854", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire. In January 2016, Netflix announced that Neil Patrick Harris had been cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes were cast as Violet and Klaus. Handler had first considered Harris for the role of Olaf after seeing him perform the opening number \"It's Not Just for Gays Anymore\", at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011, noting \"I just immediately saw someone who could pull off a million things at once\" as was necessary for the character of Olaf, who utilizes", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Daniel Handler", "text": "Fields. He has gone on to play accordion in several other Merritt projects, including music by The Magnetic Fields, The 6ths and The Gothic Archies, the last of which provided songs for the audiobooks in the \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" children's book series. On October 10, 2006, an album by the Gothic Archies was released with all thirteen songs from the thirteen audiobooks in \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\", along with two bonus songs. In the audio commentary on the film adaptation \"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\", Handler plays a song about how depressing it is to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "840573", "score": "0.9764887", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Emily Browning", "text": "and Orlando Bloom in 2003's \"Ned Kelly\", and reunited with Connolly the following year in the film adaptation of \"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\", in which she played Violet Baudelaire. In 2006, Browning appeared in the music video for Evermore's \"Light Surrounding You\". In the behind-the-scenes video for the clip, the band stated, \"[We] suck as actors, so we decided to get Emily\". She attended the L'Oreal Fashion Festival as a festival ambassador on 1 February 2007. Browning played the lead role in the 2009 horror film \"The Uninvited\", an American remake of the 2003 South Korean film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12785770", "score": "0.97621906", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cleo King", "text": "Netflix's adaptation of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\", which premiered in 2017. Cleo King Cleo King (born Harriet Cleo King; August 21, 1962) is an American character actress, best known for her roles on television. King was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and was the youngest of seven children in her family. She graduated from University of Missouri and later moved to New York to pursue an acting career, appearing on stage productions. In mid-1990s, King moved to Los Angeles, California, when she began appearing on television shows such as \"The Wayans Bros.\", \"Living Single\", \"Malcolm & Eddie\", \"Murphy Brown\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14481510", "score": "0.9634922", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "Media outlets were almost unanimous in agreement that the trailer was fan-made. However, Caitlin Petrakovitz of CNET argued that the trailer may be real and that Netflix's carefully worded denial was a marketing campaign, noting the user name \"Eleanora Poe\" being the same as a character from the series, and that a vinyl record seen in the trailer was of The Gothic Archies, a band who provided the theme music for the audio books of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\". The trailer was later revealed to be a spec promo, similar to a spec script, by an independent commercial director,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383191", "score": "0.9578923", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Catherine O'Hara", "text": "Comedy Series, at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016 and the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017. Her other notable television appearances include the recurring roles of Dr. Georgina Orwell in the Netflix series \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" and Carol Ward in \"Six Feet Under\", and the voices of Jackie Martin in \"Glenn Martin, DDS\", Miss Malone in \"The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley\", Kaossandra in \"Skylanders Academy\" and Liz Larsen in \"Committed\". She has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" twice during her career, and made numerous guest appearances on sitcoms, variety shows, and late night television.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2544614", "score": "0.9578185", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "for the destruction of Josephine's house, landscape shots of Lake Lachrymose and some of the more movement heavy Sunny Baudelaire shots. All eight episodes of the first season of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" were released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017, in Ultra HD 4K. The second season was released on March 30, 2018. The third season is slated to be released on January 1, 2019. On July 5, 2015 a video titled \"An Unfortunate Teaser\" was uploaded to YouTube by a user named \"Eleanora Poe\". Netflix quickly released a statement saying \"This was not released from Netflix.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383190", "score": "0.95650756", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "the first three titles in the series, mixing the various events and characters into one story. It was released on December 17, 2004. Directed by Brad Silberling, it stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf, Meryl Streep as Aunt Josephine, Billy Connolly as Uncle Monty, Emily Browning as Violet, Liam Aiken as Klaus, Timothy Spall as Mr. Poe, and Jude Law as the voice of Lemony Snicket. The film was successful, however it was also criticized because the tone was comical, when the books were solemn and serious with occasional wry humor. Considering the success of the movie, the director and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907553", "score": "0.9527234", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Daniel Handler", "text": "as Lemony Snicket, he derides the Lemony Snicket in the film – played by Jude Law – as an impostor, as well as choosing to play accordion and sing about leeches rather than pay attention to the film. At numerous times during the track he shows great sympathy towards the Baudelaire children, and implies that he is being held captive by the director in order to do the commentary. Handler was a writer on the Netflix series \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\", also contributing lyrics to the show's theme song, which varies each episode. The show has won several accolades,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "840576", "score": "0.9519853", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game)", "text": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a game based on the Lemony Snicket book series and the 2004 film of the same name. The game is based primarily on the film, which in turn is based on the plots of the first three books of the series: \"The Bad Beginning\", \"The Reptile Room\" and \"The Wide Window\". Players take the roles of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire, solving puzzles, fighting villains and finding objects. Players encounter characters such as Mr. Poe, Uncle Monty and Aunt Josephine, along with villains", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5871946", "score": "0.9499122", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Lorraine Toussaint", "text": "Potts in first time as of \"Any Day Now\" finale in 2002. Toussaint starred in the second season of Netflix's original comedy-drama series, \"Orange Is the New Black\" in 2014. She played the role of Yvonne \"Vee\" Parker, the main antagonist of season two, described as a street-tough inmate who returns to jail after a long stint as a drug dealer. Her performance earned massive critical acclaim. In the series Toussaint, in her 50s, appeared nude on-screen for the first time in her career. For her performance, she won Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4371437", "score": "0.9462657", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "Grant as the villainous \"Woman with Hair but No Beard\". As Netflix does not reveal subscriber viewership numbers for any of their original series, Symphony Technology Group compiled data for the first season based on people using software on their devices that measure television viewing by detecting a program's sound. According to Symphony, 3.755 million viewers age 18-49 were watching an episode of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" over the average minute in its first weekend of release. The first season of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the season an approval rating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383194", "score": "0.93916345", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Violett Beane", "text": "Violett Beane Violett Beane (born May 18, 1996) is an American actress, best known for her role as Jesse Wells / Jesse Quick in The CW's \"The Flash\", as well as Markie Cameron in the 2018 horror film \"Truth or Dare\". Since 2018, she has starred as Cara Bloom in the CBS television series \"God Friended Me\". Beane was born in St. Petersburg, Florida. At ten years old, she moved to Austin, Texas, where she grew up and considers her hometown. After moving to Austin, Beane fell in love with performing and took theatre all throughout middle and high school.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19424791", "score": "0.9386641", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Violet Turner", "text": "Violet Turner Dr. Violet Marianne Turner is a fictional character on the American television drama \"Private Practice\", a spin-off from \"Grey's Anatomy\". She is portrayed by Amy Brenneman. Violet is a psychiatrist at the Oceanside Wellness Centre. Though she tells her patients that \"happiness can be attained with focus\", she fails to find any happiness in her own life and she even questions the usefulness of her chosen profession. Six months previously, her boyfriend Allan had ended their romantic relationship, devastating her. The situation was made worse when she ran into Allan in a supermarket, only to discover that he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10386950", "score": "0.932356", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Violett Beane", "text": "in theaters on April 13, 2018. Beane has starred in the CBS television series \"God Friended Me\" opposite Brandon Micheal Hall. Beane is vegan and posed nude for PETA in support of that lifestyle. Beane currently resides in New York to film her series \"God Friended Me\". Violett Beane Violett Beane (born May 18, 1996) is an American actress, best known for her role as Jesse Wells / Jesse Quick in The CW's \"The Flash\", as well as Markie Cameron in the 2018 horror film \"Truth or Dare\". Since 2018, she has starred as Cara Bloom in the CBS television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19424795", "score": "0.93094444", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Violet Evergarden", "text": "written by Reiko Yoshida. Akiko Takase designed the characters and Yota Tsuruoka handles the sound direction. The opening theme is \"Sincerely\" by True while the ending theme is by Minori Chihara. Netflix began streaming the series worldwide on January 11, 2018, except for the United States and Australia, where they began streaming on April 5, 2018. Anime Limited acquired the series for home video distribution in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and premiered the first episode at MCM London Comic Con on October 28, 2017. When the \"Violet Evergarden Gaiden\" light novel was released, the jacket band announced that a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19536914", "score": "0.92328376", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Vanessa Kirby", "text": "In May that year, it was reported that Kirby was cast as Princess Margaret after a six-month search, in Netflix's first original British series \"The Crown\" written by Peter Morgan and directed by Stephen Daldry. She was nominated for the BAFTA in 2017, and then went on to win the BAFTA for her performance in season two in 2018. Baz Bamigboye reported Kirby would play Elena in Robert Icke's \"Uncle Vanya\" at the Almeida Theatre in 2016, for which she won rave reviews, with Matt Trueman of \"Variety\" writing: \"Kirby is a superlative Elena: lithe, fickle, hypocritical, shallow and yet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15775215", "score": "0.9211628", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Vicky Jeudy", "text": "Vicky Jeudy Vicky Jeudy (born January 23) is a Haitian-American actress, known for her role as Janae Watson in the Netflix comedy-drama series, \"Orange Is the New Black\". Jeudy was born and raised in Queens, New York. She is of Haitian descent. Jeudy graduated from St. John’s Preparatory school in Astoria and studied theatre at State University of New York at New Paltz. During her years in college, she was a top 25 Semifinalist in the Miss New York competition. Jeudy appeared in a number of short films before she landed the recurring role of Janae Watson in the Netflix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18539521", "score": "0.9171616", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Thomasin Lawson", "text": "by Ciaran McConville and produced by GreanTea Productions, as the leading female role: Violet. Throughout her career as a promising young actress, Thomasin has starred in a number of small scale short films. Once studying at Bristol University, Thomasin Lawson became involved with the prestigious performances societies: Dramsoc and Spotlights, however she was also heavily involved in smaller scale society productions thoughtout her first year, playing Viola in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night and Phedra Cox in Jez Butterworth's Jerusalem (play). Thomasin Lawson Thomasin Miranda \"Thomy\" Lawson is an English actress, born in Surrey in 1997, currently studying Experimental Psychology in her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18724565", "score": "0.9146522", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "released on March 30, 2018, and consisted of ten episodes that adapt books five through nine of the novel series. The television series was also renewed for a third and final season, which will air in early 2019 and will also adapt the four remaining books(The Slippery Slope, The Grim Grotto,The Penultimate Peril, and The End. The last season will have 7 episodes, The End only being one episode instead of the standard two episodes. (It is assumed Handler will remain on as screenwriter of the new seasons. \"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\" is a film adaptation of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907552", "score": "0.9143946", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "open to Carrey's idea of improvisation for various scenes, especially the Stephano and Captain Sham alter egos. To make his prosthetic makeup more comfortable and easier to apply, Carrey shaved his head bald for the part. The actor's inspiration for Olaf's voice was combining the voices of Orson Welles and Bela Lugosi. Emily Browning was cast as Violet Baudelaire when she auditioned at a casting call in Australia. She was sent Handler's original script when Barry Sonnenfeld was planning to direct, and she screen tested for the part using an English accent. Browning became a fan of the books after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189563", "score": "0.9125577", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "Shirley Mae Jones" ]

[ { "title": "Suzanne Crough", "text": "dysplasia, a rare form of cardiomyopathy. Several of Crough's \"Partridge Family\" co-stars paid tribute to her, including Shirley Jones and Danny Bonaduce. Bonaduce lamented, \"Everyone thought I'd be the first Partridge to go. Sadly it was little Tracy. Suzanne was a wonderful lady and a good mom. She will be missed.\" Suzanne Crough Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was an American child actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge on \"The Partridge Family\". On \"The Partridge Family\", Crough played Tracy Partridge, the youngest Partridge sibling, who played the tambourine. After \"The Partridge Family\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461816", "score": "1.2097225", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Suzanne Crough", "text": "Suzanne Crough Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was an American child actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge on \"The Partridge Family\". On \"The Partridge Family\", Crough played Tracy Partridge, the youngest Partridge sibling, who played the tambourine. After \"The Partridge Family\", she made several TV movies and made guest appearances on television shows, including \"Mulligan's Stew\". Her last credited on-screen role was as Kate in the 1980 TV movie \"Children of Divorce\". Crough graduated from Los Angeles Pierce College and until 1993 owned and operated a bookstore. She married William Condray in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461814", "score": "1.1686318", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Partridge Family", "text": "The Partridge Family The Partridge Family is an American musical sitcom starring Shirley Jones and featuring David Cassidy. Jones played a widowed mother, and Cassidy played the oldest of her five children who embarked on a music career. It ran from September 25, 1970, until March 23, 1974, on the ABC network as part of a Friday-night lineup, and had subsequent runs in syndication. The family was loosely based on the real-life musical family The Cowsills, a popular band in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the pilot episode, a group of musical siblings in the fictitious city of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895353", "score": "1.1194586", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Susan Dey", "text": "Susan Dey Susan Hallock Dey (born December 10, 1952) is a retired American actress, known for her television roles as Laurie Partridge on the sitcom \"The Partridge Family\" from 1970 to 1974, and as Grace Van Owen on the drama series \"L.A. Law\" from 1986 to 1992. A three-time Emmy Award nominee and six-time Golden Globe Award nominee, she won the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Drama Series for \"L.A. Law\" in 1988. Dey was born Susan Hallock Dey in Pekin, Illinois, to Ruth Pyle (née Doremus) Dey, a nurse, and Robert Smith Dey, a newspaper editor for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461841", "score": "1.0982817", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Emma Stone", "text": "sitcom \"Malcolm in the Middle\", she decided that she was more comfortable with \"Emma\". She chose to use \"Emma\" in honor of Emma Bunton, aka Baby Spice from the Spice Girls. She made her television debut as Laurie Partridge on the VH1 talent competition reality show \"In Search of the New Partridge Family\" (2004). The resulting show, retitled \"The New Partridge Family\" (2004), remained an unsold pilot. She followed this with a guest appearance in Louis C.K.'s HBO series \"Lucky Louie\". She auditioned to star as Claire Bennet in the NBC science fiction drama \"Heroes\" (2007) but was unsuccessful and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6928121", "score": "1.0835924", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Whit Bissell", "text": "the actors' branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences board of governors. Bissell was married three times and had three daughters (Kathy Marden, Victoria Brown and Amanda Whiteley) and a stepson, Brian Forster. Forster was the second actor to play the role of Chris Partridge on \"The Partridge Family\" TV series. Wives: Adrienne Marden (23 November 1938 – 1954) (divorced), two children. Dilys Mary Shan Jukes (5 December 1954 – 11 January 1958) (her death), one child. Jennifer Raine (24 November 1967 – 5 January 1993) (her death). Bissell died in 1996 at the Motion Picture &", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4618798", "score": "1.0728705", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "David Cassidy", "text": "David Cassidy David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 – November 21, 2017) was an American actor, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He was known for his role as Keith Partridge, the son of Shirley Partridge (played by his stepmother Shirley Jones), in the 1970s musical-sitcom \"The Partridge Family\", which led to his becoming one of popular culture's teen idols and superstar pop singers of the 1970s. He later had a career in both acting and music. Cassidy was born at Flower Fifth Avenue Hospital in New York City, the son of singer and actor Jack Cassidy and actress Evelyn Ward. His", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895472", "score": "1.0613114", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Shirley Jones", "text": "role that ultimately went to her best friend, Florence Henderson, Jones was the producers' first choice to audition for the lead role of Shirley Partridge in \"The Partridge Family\", an ABC musical sitcom based loosely on the real-life musical family The Cowsills. The series focused on a young widowed mother whose five children form a pop rock group after the entire family painted its signature bus to travel. She was convinced that the combination of music and comedy would be a surefire hit. Jones realized, however, that: During its first season, it became a hit and was screened in over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461824", "score": "1.0515224", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Partridge Family", "text": "reinstated at the end of the credits. No U.S. DVD releases contain the epilogue to episode #25 (which does appear on Region 2 & 4 releases), nor the unaired 1969 pilot, nor any episodes of the spin-off series \"Getting Together\". The Partridge Family The Partridge Family is an American musical sitcom starring Shirley Jones and featuring David Cassidy. Jones played a widowed mother, and Cassidy played the oldest of her five children who embarked on a music career. It ran from September 25, 1970, until March 23, 1974, on the ABC network as part of a Friday-night lineup, and had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895381", "score": "1.049343", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Shirley Jones", "text": "Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American actress and singer. In her six decades of show business, she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of well-known musical films, such as Oklahoma! (1955), Carousel (1956), and The Music Man (1962). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in Elmer Gantry (1960). She played the lead role of Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children, in the musical situation-comedy television series The Partridge Family (1970–74), which co-starred her real-life stepson David Cassidy, son of Jack Cassidy.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Partridge Family", "text": "the ongoing series were recorded by music producer Wes Farrell. The Partridge Family songs heard in the show, and on the several Partridge Family singles and albums, were not performed as seen on-screen. Actor David Cassidy sang lead on most of the records, and actor Shirley Jones can be heard on a few. But the other voices and all the instruments were recorded by session musicians. The Partridge Family's instrumental sound was provided by musicians informally known as The Wrecking Crew, who did many of the pop hits of the day attributed to other performers. The actors pretended to play", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895363", "score": "1.0445762", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Susan Dey", "text": "a relationship when production on the show finished, but Cassidy broke it off as he did not reciprocate her feelings. In 1994, Cassidy disclosed details on his relationship with Dey in his autobiography, \"C'mon, Get Happy ... Fear and Loathing on the Partridge Family Bus\". Dey's response was to sever all contact with Cassidy. Susan Dey Susan Hallock Dey (born December 10, 1952) is a retired American actress, known for her television roles as Laurie Partridge on the sitcom \"The Partridge Family\" from 1970 to 1974, and as Grace Van Owen on the drama series \"L.A. Law\" from 1986 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461847", "score": "1.0432508", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Danny Bonaduce", "text": "played the role of Danny Partridge, a member of the musical Partridge family. In the show, the Partridges were a family band that toured the country in their hip, Mondrian-inspired, painted school bus. Danny Partridge played bass guitar for the band and his younger siblings, Tracy and Chris, contributed to the band as percussionists. The series ran for four seasons, from 1970 to 1974 and, in 2003, Bonaduce was honored by the Young Artist Foundation with its Former Child Star \"Lifetime Achievement\" Award for his role on the series. Bonaduce's self-titled debut LP was released in 1973 by Lion Records,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461851", "score": "1.0326887", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Alan Napier", "text": "marriage, actor Jennifer Raine, was the mother of former child actor Brian Forster, best known as \"Chris Partridge\" on the 1970s television show \"The Partridge Family\". Napier suffered a stroke in 1987, was hospitalized from June 1988, and had been gravely ill for several days, before his death of natural causes on 8 August 1988, in the Berkeley East Convalescent Hospital in Santa Monica, California. He was 85 years old. Napier was a resident of Pacific Palisades, California. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the garden of his home at 17919 Porto Marina Way in the Pacific", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3741711", "score": "1.0316292", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Joanna Cassidy", "text": "Upper East Side socialite and mother-in-law to the show's protagonist Jill Weber (Jill Kargman). On March 12, 2018, Joanna Cassidy appeared in a 30 minute television interview talk show with Host Ken Boxer on \"Ken Boxer Live,\" taped in Santa Barbara, California. Joanna Cassidy Joanna Cassidy (born August 2, 1945) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as the replicant Zhora Salome in Ridley Scott's film \"Blade Runner\" (1982) and Dolores in \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\" (1988). She has won a Golden Globe Award, was nominated for three Emmy Awards and also was nominated for a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5369148", "score": "1.0244529", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Joanna Cassidy", "text": "Whisperer\", \"Desperate Housewives\", \"\", and was also seen in the recurring guest role of Amanda Hawthorne, the mother-in-law of Jada Pinkett Smith's eponymous character on the medical drama \"Hawthorne\". In 2011, Cassidy began to appear in a recurring role on the ABC series \"Body of Proof\" as Judge Joan Hunt, the mother of Megan Hunt, Dana Delany's character on the series. The series was canceled by ABC after three seasons in May 2013. In 2015, Cassidy was cast as a main character in the Bravo scripted series Odd Mom Out. She plays the role of Candace Von Weber, a snobbish", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5369147", "score": "1.0198444", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Partridge Family", "text": "early development, the Cowsill children were considered by the producers, but because the Cowsills were not trained actors and were too old for the roles as scripted, Slade and Claver abandoned that idea. Shirley Jones had already been signed as mother Shirley Partridge and star of the show. The pilot was filmed in December 1969. This unaired pilot differs from the pilot broadcast in 1970. In the unaired pilot, Shirley's name is \"Connie\" and she has a boyfriend played by Jones' real-life husband at the time, Jack Cassidy, father of David Cassidy. Laurie mentions her late father once getting drunk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895356", "score": "1.0170598", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Partridge Family Album", "text": "album and TV show began David Cassidy was promoted by Wes Farrell to lead singer. From that point on they provided the backup vocals for all of the \"Partridge Family\" albums, along with Shirley Jones and assorted other singers. The songs on the album were written by such people as Tony Romeo, Terry Cashman, Tommy West, Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil. All tracks from the album were featured in first season episodes of the TV show The Partridge Family Album The Partridge Family Album is the first studio album by The Partridge Family. It was released in October 1970 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461729", "score": "1.0155808", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Come On Get Happy: The Partridge Family Story", "text": "Come On Get Happy: The Partridge Family Story Come On, Get Happy: The Partridge Family Story is a 1999 American made-for-television biographical film about the 1970–1974 television series \"The Partridge Family\", focusing on star David Cassidy and co-star Danny Bonaduce through the four years the show was on. Directed by David Burton Morris and written by Jacqueline Feather, the 90-minute film premiered on November 13, 1999 at 8:00pm on ABC. The story is told from the viewpoint of Danny Bonaduce, narrated by Bonaduce himself and played on-screen by a pre-\"Desperate Housewives\" Shawn Pyfrom. Upon landing the coveted role of Danny", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14139600", "score": "1.0144715", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Nancy Lenehan", "text": "Your Mother\", \"Judging Amy\", \"Gilmore Girls\", \"Caroline in the City\", \"Dharma & Greg\", \"Buffy The Vampire Slayer\", \"3rd Rock from the Sun\", \"ER\", \"Boy Meets World\", \"The Nanny\", \"Quantum Leap\", \"Roseanne\", \"Grace Under Fire\", \"V\", \"The Facts of Life\", \"Hill Street Blues\" and \"Alice\". Lenehan attended Yankton College in Yankton, South Dakota. Nancy Lenehan Nancy Lenehan (born April 26, 1953) is an American actress who has appeared in film and television since the 1980s. Lenehan was born in Long Island, New York. She co-starred on the short-lived sitcom \"Worst Week\". She also co-starred as Sandy Kelly, the matriarch in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8792641", "score": "1.0098599", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "David Cassidy", "text": "Happy ... Fear and Loathing on the Partridge Family Bus\". Cassidy also wrote a memoir, \"Could It Be Forever? My Story\", published in the United Kingdom in March 2007, which gives further details about his personal life. David Cassidy David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 – November 21, 2017) was an American actor, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He was known for his role as Keith Partridge, the son of Shirley Partridge (played by his stepmother Shirley Jones), in the 1970s musical-sitcom \"The Partridge Family\", which led to his becoming one of popular culture's teen idols and superstar pop singers of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895500", "score": "1.0096786", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Partridge Family", "text": "their instruments. None of the actors sang background; they lip-synched to recorded singing by the Ron Hicklin Singers, composed of brothers John and Tom Bahler, Jackie Ward (who as Robin Ward had a #14 hit \"Wonderful Summer\" on Dot Records in 1963 ), and Ron Hicklin. Actor David Cassidy was originally to lip sync with the rest of the cast, but convinced Farrell that he could sing and was allowed to join the studio ensemble as the lead singer. He and his step-mother, Shirley, are the only two show actors allowed to sing for recording. \"The Partridge Family\" theme song,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895364", "score": "1.0085505", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jeremy Gelbwaks", "text": "He married Patricia Polander, and moved to New Orleans, where he works as a business and technology planner. He appeared in a 1995 \"Partridge Family\" reunion on the Danny Bonaduce Show with his television family (including Brian Forster, who replaced him on the show). Jeremy Gelbwaks Jeremy R. Gelbwaks (born May 22, 1961; Los Angeles) is a former American child actor who starred in the television series \"The Partridge Family\" (1970–71). Gelbwaks was the first actor to play the role of Chris Partridge. He left the program (and the business) after the first season, and was replaced by Brian Forster", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461873", "score": "1.0036491", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Partridge Family", "text": "DeCamp played Shirley's mother in four episodes. Then-Governor Ronald Reagan's daughter, Maureen Reagan, was also featured in one episode. Future \"Charlie's Angels\" stars Jaclyn Smith, Farrah Fawcett and Cheryl Ladd all made guest appearances on separate episodes. Bobby Sherman appeared in the last episode of the first season (Episode 25) as struggling songwriter Bobby Conway. This episode led into a short-lived spinoff series on ABC, \"Getting Together\", starring Sherman and Wes Stern as Bobby Conway's business partner Lionel Poindexter. At the end of the first season, Jeremy Gelbwaks' family moved out of the Los Angeles area, and the part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895361", "score": "1.0005088", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Partridge Family 2200 A.D.", "text": "version of \"The Partridge Family\" instead. The Partridge Family had already been recurring characters on a previous Hanna-Barbera production, \"Goober and the Ghost Chasers\". Danny Bonaduce, Suzanne Crough and Brian Forster voiced their respective characters from the live action series. Susan Dey provided Laurie's voice for only two episodes before she was replaced by former \"Mouseketeer\" Sherry Alberoni. Chuck McLenan served as both the speaking and singing voice of Keith Partridge instead of David Cassidy; Joan Gerber voiced Shirley Partridge in place of Shirley Jones. Micky Dolenz, a member of a previous made-for-television band (The Monkees), had various recurring roles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5857355", "score": "0.9990931", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Amy Hill", "text": "the Sun\", \"The Sarah Silverman Program\", and \"My Wife & Kids\". She has had many notable recurring roles on TV shows as well, such as the lesbian daughter of D. L. Hughley's neighbor (played by Pat Morita) on \"The Hughleys\", the upstairs neighbor of Monica and Rachel on \"Friends\", Mrs. DePaulo on \"That's So Raven\", Mama Tohru on \"Jackie Chan Adventures\", Mrs. Hasagawa on \"\", Penny Candy on \"The Puzzle Place\", Maureen Nervosa, the owner of \"Cafe Nervosa\" on Frasier\",\" Mah Mah the adopted mother of Francine on \"American Dad!\", Dr. Lauren Brown on \"General Hospital\", and Suji on \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8269428", "score": "0.99810934", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ronne Troup", "text": "years (1970–72). In the Season 4 episode of \"The Partridge Family\" entitled \"Hate Thy Neighbor\" (1973), she appeared as Donna Stevens, the daughter of the new family who move in next door to the Partridges. She then appeared often on popular dramas \"Emergency!\" (in which her stepmother and father co-starred), \"Marcus Welby, M.D.\", \"S.W.A.T.\" and \"Adam-12\". From 1987 to 1990, she portrayed \"Barbara\" on the CBS show \"Knots Landing\". In more recent years, Troup has appeared in guest roles on \"Strong Medicine\", \"The West Wing\" , and \"Cold Case\". On June 19, 2010, Troup appeared with her \"My Three Sons\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11127001", "score": "0.9967792", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Shirley Jones", "text": "70 countries. Within months, Jones and her co-stars were pop culture television icons. Her real-life 20-year-old stepson David Cassidy, who was an unknown actor at the time, played Shirley Partridge's eldest son Keith and became a teen idol. The show also spawned a number of albums and singles by The Partridge Family, performed by David Cassidy and Shirley Jones. That same year, \"I Think I Love You\" reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 music chart, making Jones the second person, after Frank Sinatra, and the first woman to win an acting Oscar and also have a number-one hit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461825", "score": "0.9952749", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Shirley Jones", "text": "her hand at television for the second time, starring in the NBC show \"Shirley\", which, like \"The Partridge Family\", featured a family headed by a widowed mother, but the show failed to win ratings and was cancelled toward the middle of the season. Jones also played the \"older woman\" girlfriend of Drew Carey's character in several episodes of \"The Drew Carey Show\", and reprised Shirley Partridge in a cameo in a 2000 episode of \"That '70s Show.\" She was also in the dramatic project \"There Were Times, Dear\", in which she played a loyal wife whose husband is dying of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461831", "score": "0.99267954", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Florence Henderson", "text": "year, she accepted the similar role of a mother with five children, named Shirley Partridge, in \"The Partridge Family\", which aired from 1970–1974. Primarily owing to her role on \"The Brady Bunch\", Henderson was ranked by TV Land and \"Entertainment Weekly\" as number 54 on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Icons. An avid game-show fan, Henderson was a frequent panelist on the original version of \"Hollywood Squares\" and made occasional appearances on \"The $25,000 Pyramid\". Her other game show appearances include \"Password\", the original \"Match Game\", \"What's My Line\" (as panelist and mystery guest), \"To Tell The Truth\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6861801", "score": "0.99192166", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Vijaya Mulay" ]

[ { "title": "Ek Anek Aur Ekta", "text": "\"Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan\". The assistants were S.M. Hasan, Mahesh Taavre and Girish Rao. The film won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film., and it was the first film from the animation studios of then Center for Education Technology. The film also won the Best Children's Film award in Japan. The film is considered to be one of India's greatest examples of animation story-telling, and well remembered by the 80s generation as a classic illustration of \"Anekta mein Ekta\". Ek Anek Aur Ekta Ek Anek Aur Ekta or \"One, Many, and Unity\" (also known as \"Ek Chidiya, Anek", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14385285", "score": "1.345134", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ek Anek Aur Ekta", "text": "Ek Anek Aur Ekta Ek Anek Aur Ekta or \"One, Many, and Unity\" (also known as \"Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan\" after the title song) is a traditionally animated short educational film released by the Films Division of India (Government of India). It was released in 1974. It was aired on the public broadcaster channel Doordarshan and became very popular among children. The film was intended to teach the value of unity and teamwork to children (Unity in Diversity). It also contains the message of how India is stronger if its citizens stand united, regardless of cultural differences. It begins with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14385283", "score": "1.243727", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ram Mohan", "text": "filmmakers – an animated song for B.R. Chopra's \"Pati Patni Aur Woh\" (1978), a title sequence for Satyajit Ray's \"Shatranj Ke Khilari\", a sequence for Mrinal Sen's Hindi film, \"Bhuvan Shome\", and for such films as \"Biwi O Biwi\", \"Do aur Do Paanch\" and \"Kaamchor\". Ram Mohan Ram Mohan (born 1931) is an Indian animator, title designer and design educator, who is also known as father of Indian Animation and was a veteran in the Indian animation industry, who started his career at the Cartoon Films Unit, Films Division of India, Government of India in 1956. He is chairman and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14346991", "score": "1.1263037", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Suresh Eriyat", "text": "things. Suresh Eriyat Suresh Eriyat, popularly known as E Suresh, is an Indian animator, director and founder of his animation studio Studio Eeksaurus. His film \"Fateline\" won Annecy Cristal Award and both \"Fisherwoman and Tuk-Tuk\" and \"Tokri\" won National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film. He started his animation career with Famous House of Animation. He was the first to launch clay animation commercials in India. He created Amaron battery advertisements, music video \"Bindu re Bindu\", the Simpu series for Channel V, MTV Poga series, Johnny Bravo going to Bollywood, Levis Slim vs. Slim, Google Tanjore paintings and many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20739488", "score": "1.1168933", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Suresh Eriyat", "text": "Suresh Eriyat Suresh Eriyat, popularly known as E Suresh, is an Indian animator, director and founder of his animation studio Studio Eeksaurus. His film \"Fateline\" won Annecy Cristal Award and both \"Fisherwoman and Tuk-Tuk\" and \"Tokri\" won National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film. He started his animation career with Famous House of Animation. He was the first to launch clay animation commercials in India. He created Amaron battery advertisements, music video \"Bindu re Bindu\", the Simpu series for Channel V, MTV Poga series, Johnny Bravo going to Bollywood, Levis Slim vs. Slim, Google Tanjore paintings and many more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20739487", "score": "1.1137474", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Kireet Khurana", "text": "film produced by Sony Pictures and Abis Rizvi. The film follows the journey of an illiterate villager who brings literacy to his village through a unique social enterprise. This documentary profiles the celebrated Hindi film director, Saeed Akhtar Mirza, known as much for his embrace of leftist politics and social concerns as lyrical cinema. Producer: Animation: Writer: Production manager: Actor: Kireet Khurana Kireet Khurana (born 25 October 1967, Mumbai, India) is an Indian filmmaker, storyteller, and ad-film director. He graduated from Sheridan College in Canada with high-honors. After graduating, he founded the production house Climb Media, and later its animation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12839181", "score": "1.0946234", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ram Mohan", "text": "the Cartoon Films Unit. Another important person to join at the same time was Bhimsain Khurana, who also became a notable animator (\"Ek Anek Aur Ekta\"). Mohan worked as an animator with the Films division till the late 1960s, and thereafter founded Ram Mohan Biographics, in 1972. It ultimately merged with UTV Toons, a division of United Studios Limited (USL) (UTV Group) in 1998. Mohan started out by doing character design and story boards for \"This Our India\", an animated film adapted from a book by Minoo Masani. He scripted, designed and animated many of Cartoon Film unit's productions from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14346989", "score": "1.0943617", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Annu Kapoor", "text": "has directed several plays. He also directed a feature film \"Abhay (The Fearless)\", starring Nana Patekar, Moon Sen and Benjamin Gilani) for the Children's Film Society, India. The film won the 1994 National Film Award for Best Children's Film. Kapoor produced a musical talent contest for children (\"Aao Jhoomein Gaayen\" for SAB TV) and a Bengali-language musical talent-hunt show, \"Gaan Gaao Taaka Naao\" on Rupashi Bangla TV in Kolkata. He also produced a musical in Mathura entitled \"Ek Sunhari Shyam\". Annu Kapoor Annu Kapoor (born as Anil Kapoor on 20 February 1956) is an Indian film actor and television presenter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9719362", "score": "1.0864518", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Preeti Sagar", "text": "is also well known for her contribution to the children's entertainment and education industry. She worked with “Sa Re Ga Ma” (earlier known as HMV) to create audio and video versions of several children's nursery rhymes collections in Hindi and English. She also created a Fairy Tales series. Her Nursery Rhyme collections “Nursey Rhymes”, “Phulwari Bachchon Ki”, became Platinum and “Fun & Frolic” turned gold. She now runs her own production company called Angela Films, which undertakes advertising, short films, Public service advertisements, Corporate films, films for CSR and feature-film dubbing. In the 1990s, she produced the hit children's TV", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10972570", "score": "1.0837393", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ek Anek Aur Ekta", "text": "The film was directed by Vijaya Mulay. The film's design, animation and creation was done by Bhimsain Khurana. The lyrics of Hind Desh ke Niwasi were written by Pandit Vinay Chandra Maudgalya. Sadhna Sargam sang Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan. The assistants were S.M. Hasan, Mahesh Taavre and Girish Rao. The film won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film., and it was the first film from the animation studios of then Center for Education Technology. The film also won the Best Children's Film award in Japan. The film is considered to be one of India's greatest examples of animation", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Pankaj Advani (director)", "text": "Pankaj Advani (director) Pankaj Advani (Hindi: पंकज आडवाणी) (1 August 1965 – 11 November 2010) was an Indian film director, editor, screenwriter, photographer, theatre director, and painter, known for his works in Bollywood, and cross over cinema. Pankaj made his Hindi film screenwriting debut with \"Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa\" (1993) which went on to win the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie. In 1994, he scripted, and directed the short film \"Sunday\" which won the Children's Film Society of India Award for best writing, and the National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film. The film was screened at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15173036", "score": "1.0820954", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Indian animation industry", "text": "a short traditionally animated educational film released in 1974. The film is presented as a fable meant to teach children the value of unity, and was frequently broadcast on India's state-run television station, Doordarshan. The first Indian animated television series was \"Ghayab Aaya\", which aired in 1986 and was directed by Suddhasattwa Basu. The first Indian 3D and VFX were done for the television series \"Captain Vyom\" by animation. The first Indian 3D animated film was \"Roadside Romeo\", a joint venture between Yash Raj Films and the Indian division of the Walt Disney Company. It was written and directed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13846367", "score": "1.0814347", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Vineet Verma", "text": "bachelor's degree in Information Technology from the Indira Gandhi National Open University in India. He also earned a Higher National Diploma in computing from Edexcel, London. He began his career as a 2D (Classical and Flash) animator and gradually moved to 3D (Maya and Max) animation and later to live action filmmaking. He was one of the senior animators of the series WordWorld, which is broadcast on PBS Kids and won a 2009 Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Children’s Animated Program. In 2008, Verma moved to New York City, where he completed a 1-year intensive filmmaking program at New York Film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15109785", "score": "1.0804175", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Kireet Khurana", "text": "is also the first Indian animation character to be licensed. The 2004 comedy film made history using an animation-live action technique for a song in a film for the first time in Bollywood. This song won the Seagate Technical Excellence Award for best visual effects in a feature in 2005. This short film about paedophilia was funded by international bodies like UNIFEM and Save the Children India. It won the Best Public Service Message film award at the Seagate Technical Excellence Awards in 2006. It was also part of the official selection at the Bimini Festival. Director: The Indian animation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12839179", "score": "1.0803832", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Amitabh Aurora", "text": "Thoughts Productions. He directed and acted in several short films including Captain The Struggler, which was shortlisted in Paraj Mumbai Short Film Festival in 2014. He wrote Television shows including Bani - Ishq Da Kalma and Kehta Hai Dil Jee Le Zara. In 2015 he assisted Tigmanshu Dhulia on feature film Yaara. He is the founder and creative director of Mumbai-based production house Have Camera Make Films (HCMF). In early 2016 HCMF received critical acclaim in the Deccan Chronicle for their short film \"Free Basics\" featuring popular South Indian actress Shradda Das. The Chronicle described it as a \"brilliant production\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18757193", "score": "1.07886", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Khwaja Ahmad Abbas", "text": "Chetan Anand and \"Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani\" for V. Shantaram. In 1945, he made his directorial debut with a film based on the Bengal famine of 1943, \"Dharti Ke Lal\" (\"Children of the Earth\") for the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA). In 1951, he founded his own production company called Naya Sansar, which consistently produced films that were socially relevant including, \"Anhonee\", \"Munna\", \"Rahi\" (1953), based on a Mulk Raj Anand story, was on the plight of workers on tea plantations, the National Film Award winner, \"Shehar Aur Sapna\" (1964) and \"Saat Hindustani\" (1969), which won the Nargis Dutt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "231504", "score": "1.0758916", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Dhvani Desai", "text": "and Desai co-directed with her elder brother a short animation film, \"The Mahatma,\" which depicted the principles of Gandhiji. The film was selected at the Tehran International Animation Festival in 2001 and at the Mumbai International Film Festival. The Children's Film Society of India produced and Desai directed an 11-minute long animated film, (\"The Perfect Match)\". It was screened at the 9th Hamburg Children's Short Film Festival and won a medal at the 2008 New York Festival's Film and Video Awards. The Panchatantra-based tale used the Vaishnavite Sanjhi art style, a form of stencil art, and took over two years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14198536", "score": "1.0689405", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Prem Prakash Modi", "text": "as a full-time professional actor in films, television serials and theaters. Inspired by the creative aspect of film-making in 1999 he shifted himself behind the camera and started assisting directors like Gul Bahar Singh, Anjan Das, Suman Mukhopadhyay, Anjan Dutt, Aparna Sen etc. His first film as an assistant director was The Goal, a CFSI production starring Irrfan Khan as a protagonist,directed by Gul Bahar Singh which won Best Children's Film Award at 47th National Film Awards – India, Special International Jury Prize at 11th Cairo International Film Festival – Egypt and Special Mention at Zlin International Federation of Film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19760116", "score": "1.0666995", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Varun Mehta", "text": "Varun Mehta Varun Mehta is an Indian short film and animation filmmaker. Mehta is known for his critically acclaimed short films based on social and environmental issues. He is mainly known for his work for internationally acclaimed films like The Unknown World \"The Wonder Stone\" and \"Save Trees\". Varun Mehta hails from Aligarh City of India. He has set up his film studio where he produces animation and short films. At present Mehta has made around 30 award winning short films featuring both animated and non-animated. His biggest achievement till date is winning 'Buzzgoo' Short Film Competition where he won", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20115737", "score": "1.0615816", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Indian animation industry", "text": "Indian animation industry The Indian animation industry encompasses traditional 2D animation, 3D animation and visual effects for feature films. In 1956, Disney Studios animator Clair Weeks, who had worked on \"Bambi\", was invited to Films Division of India in Mumbai to establish and train the country's first animation studio as part of the American technical co-operation mission. He trained a core group of Indian animators, whose first production was a film called \"The Banyan Deer\" (1957). Veteran animator Ram Mohan started his career at Films Division's Cartoon Unit. Another landmark animated film from Films Division is \"Ek Anek Aur Ekta\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13846366", "score": "1.0614734", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Apurba Kishore Bir", "text": "camera. Bir was one of the first-unit cameramen for Richard Attenborough's Gandhi. He won two more awards for \"Best Cinematography\" for \"Daasi\" (1988) and \"Aadi Mimansa\" (1991). The latter also marked his directional debut. It won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. As a director Known for his work in Parallel Cinema. Bir's films focused on children as two of his films—\"Lavanya Preeti\" and \"Baaja\" won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film in 1993 and 2002 respectively. The former received the \"Best Asian Film\" award at the Osaka International Film Festival in addition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17036465", "score": "1.05925", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Kireet Khurana", "text": "animation co-production with the National Film Board of Canada and UNICEF It also won the National Award for Best Animation Film Direction in 1998. \"Mahagiri\" won two President's National Awards for Best Animation Film Direction and Animation in 1995, as well as a Certificate of Merit at the Mumbai International Film Festival in 1996. \"O\" won two National Awards (Best Animation Film; Direction and Animation) in 1996, as well as a Silver Ebensee Award at the Festival Der Nationen in Austria in 1995. \"Chotta Birbal\" won the Seagate Technical Award for Excellence in 2004 for Best Animated Series. Chhota Birbal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12839178", "score": "1.0589615", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Shilpa Ranade", "text": "Shilpa Ranade Shilpa Ranade (born 1966) is an acclaimed Indian designer, animator, illustrator, filmmaker and academician. She has been faculty at Industrial Design Centre in Mumbai since 2001. She has directed animated short films for Channel 4, UK and her films have been screened all over the world, winning accolades in some of the most prestigious film festivals. The award-winning animation movie Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya was her last full-length feature film which world premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. Her other films are \"Naja Goes to School\" and \"Mani's Dying\". As a child, she was deeply interested in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19715354", "score": "1.057811", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mahek", "text": "Mahek Mahek is an award-winning Indian children's film by writer-director Kranti Kanade. It's about 11-yr old dreamer Mahek who wants to be the best at everything, but is unsure of how to achieve her goals. The film was produced by the Children's Film Society of India (CFSI). Legendary artist and cartoonist Mario Miranda did the illustrations for the film. The crew was FTII alumnus who subsequently did notable work. Mrinal Desai, the DOP, was the second unit director of photography on 'Slumdog Millionaire' and later shot universally acclaimed film 'Court'. Editor Suchitra Sathe and Sound designer Anmol Bhave worked on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13399928", "score": "1.0571339", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of animation in India", "text": "by painters Raja Ravi Verma and Madhavrao Dhurandhar were also recreated. It is said that Raja Harishchandra's story in the form of an animated slide show was an influence behind prolific filmmaker Dadasaheb Phalke’s first movie \"Raja Harishchandra,\" produced in 1913. \"Raja Harishchandra\" is notable for being India’s first indigenous silent feature film. Considered as the Father of Indian Cinema, Phalke dabbled in animation as well. His 1912 short \"The Growth of a Pea Plant\" introduced the concept of time-lapse photography, with one frame shot per day. In 1915 he produced the animated short \"Agkadyanchi Mouj\" (\"Matchsticks' Fun\"). He had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19834784", "score": "1.0559864", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Ram Mohan", "text": "Ram Mohan Ram Mohan (born 1931) is an Indian animator, title designer and design educator, who is also known as father of Indian Animation and was a veteran in the Indian animation industry, who started his career at the Cartoon Films Unit, Films Division of India, Government of India in 1956. He is chairman and chief creative officer at Graphiti Multimedia, a Mumbai-based animation company which was established in 1995, and later he also established the Graphiti School of Animation in 2006. He had won the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film twice, \"You Said It\" (1972) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14346987", "score": "1.0515473", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Avhiroop Mazzumdar", "text": "Edition). He also received La Fémis Scholarship, Paris in 2007. Avhiroop's short film, Cognition was felicitated at BYOFF and Inscreen (Orissa). Avhiroop Mazzumdar Avhiroop Mazzumdar, born Abhiroop Dutta Mazumdar is an Indian television and film director who was associated with popular television shows like Fear Files, Koi Laut Ke Aaya Hai, Tashn-E-Ishq, Miley Jab Hum Tum, Sangam, Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Kasturi, and many others popular Indian TV soaps. He has also directed Delhi Diary, a documentary on 100 years of New Delhi which was released by Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit. He has made several other documentaries and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16470779", "score": "1.0512505", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Gitanjali Rao", "text": "has served in the judge's panel at various festivals including the 2011 Cannes Critic's Week short films jury. In 2013, she directed a segment in \"Shorts\", a compilation of five short films, along with Neeraj Ghaywan, Vasan Bala, Anubhuti Kashyap and Shlok Sharma, and produced by Anurag Kashyap. At the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, her animated short, \"True Love Story\" was one of 10 selected short films at Critics' Week. Gitanjali Rao Gitanjali Rao (born 1972) is an Indian theatre actress, animator and film maker. Gitanjali graduated as an applied artist from Sir. J. J. Institute of Applied Art, Mumbai,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18250167", "score": "1.0503215", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Avhiroop Mazzumdar", "text": "Avhiroop Mazzumdar Avhiroop Mazzumdar, born Abhiroop Dutta Mazumdar is an Indian television and film director who was associated with popular television shows like Fear Files, Koi Laut Ke Aaya Hai, Tashn-E-Ishq, Miley Jab Hum Tum, Sangam, Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Kasturi, and many others popular Indian TV soaps. He has also directed Delhi Diary, a documentary on 100 years of New Delhi which was released by Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit. He has made several other documentaries and films, including Astitva, Sabr, Sambhav. Sabr won Best Jury and Best Non-Fiction Award at the National Film and Video Festival (Student", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16470778", "score": "1.0487883", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Gul Bahar Singh", "text": "Irfan Khan in main lead won Golden Lotus at 47th National Film Awards as best children film and received special Jury award at 11th, Cairo International Children's Film Festival held in Egypt, received special mention by the jury of International Federation of Film Societies in 2001 in Czech Republic. The film was also selected in India Panorama in 2001, and also participated in Golden Elephant Children's Film Festival in the same year. His feature film Dattak starring Rajit Kapoor and A. K. Hangal as main lead was the only Indian film which participated in the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20246899", "score": "1.0419005", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "North America" ]

[ { "title": "Geography of Greenland", "text": "In September 2005 Dennis Schmitt discovered an island north of the Arctic Circle in eastern Greenland which he named Uunartoq Qeqertaq, Inuit for \"warming island\". In the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. Greenland is losing 200 billion tonnes of ice per year. Research suggests that this could increase the sea levels to rise by 30 centimeters by the end of the century. These projections have the possibility of changing as satellite data only traces back to 40 years ago. This means that researchers must view old photographs of glaciers and compare them to ones", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155265", "score": "0.95696294", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Geography of Greenland", "text": "Geography of Greenland Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland–the largest island in the world–and more than a hundred other smaller islands (see ). As an island, Greenland has no land boundaries and 44,087 km of coastline. A sparse population is confined to small settlements along certain sectors of the coast. Greenland possesses the world's second largest ice sheet. Greenland sits atop the Greenland plate, a subplate of the North American plate. The Greenland craton is made up of some of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155257", "score": "0.9361181", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Greenland ice sheet", "text": "been replaced by strong warming in the period 1979–2005. Greenland ice sheet The Greenland ice sheet (, ) is a vast body of ice covering , roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic ice sheet. The ice sheet is almost long in a north-south direction, and its greatest width is at a latitude of 77°N, near its northern margin. The mean altitude of the ice is . The thickness is generally more than and over at its thickest point. It is not the only ice mass of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4078715", "score": "0.933658", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Climate of the Arctic", "text": "regions on the northern half of Greenland experience winter temperatures similar to or slightly warmer than the Canadian Archipelago, with average January temperatures of . These regions are slightly warmer than the Archipelago because of their closer proximity to areas of thin, first-year sea ice cover or to open ocean in the Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea. The coastal regions in the southern part of the island are influenced more by open ocean water and by frequent passage of cyclones, both of which help to keep the temperature there from being as low as in the north. As a result", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11252049", "score": "0.92985094", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Geography of Greenland", "text": "is number three with ca. 5,000 inhabitants. See Cartographic expeditions to Greenland Geography of Greenland Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland–the largest island in the world–and more than a hundred other smaller islands (see ). As an island, Greenland has no land boundaries and 44,087 km of coastline. A sparse population is confined to small settlements along certain sectors of the coast. Greenland possesses the world's second largest ice sheet. Greenland sits atop the Greenland plate, a subplate of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155268", "score": "0.9276994", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "(both larger) are generally considered to be continental landmasses rather than islands. Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the least densely populated territory in the world. About a third of the population live in Nuuk, the capital and largest city. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. Greenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155187", "score": "0.92393005", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Dye 3", "text": "km of ice. The 'Greenland ice sheet' () is a vast body of ice covering 1.71 million km, roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the World, after the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The ice sheet is almost 2,400 kilometers long in a north-south direction, and its greatest width is 1,100 kilometers at a latitude of 77°N, near its northern margin. The mean altitude of the ice is 2,135 meters. The ice in the current ice sheet is as old as 110,000 years. However, it is generally thought that the Greenland Ice Sheet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10553053", "score": "0.92188865", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "the map to the right): Eismitte, North Ice, North GRIP Camp and The Raven Skiway. There is a year-round station Summit Camp on the ice sheet, established in 1989. The radio station Jørgen Brønlund Fjord was, until 1950, the northernmost permanent outpost in the world. The extreme north of Greenland, Peary Land, is not covered by an ice sheet, because the air there is too dry to produce snow, which is essential in the production and maintenance of an ice sheet. If the Greenland ice sheet were to melt away completely, the world's sea level would rise by more than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155220", "score": "0.9196189", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Greenland ice sheet", "text": "Greenland ice sheet The Greenland ice sheet (, ) is a vast body of ice covering , roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic ice sheet. The ice sheet is almost long in a north-south direction, and its greatest width is at a latitude of 77°N, near its northern margin. The mean altitude of the ice is . The thickness is generally more than and over at its thickest point. It is not the only ice mass of Greenland – isolated glaciers and small ice caps cover", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4078684", "score": "0.91902757", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "Greenland (/ˈɡriːnlənd/; Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, pronounced [kalaːɬit nunaːt]; Danish: Grønland, pronounced [ˈɡʁɶnˌlanˀ]) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "but if it is so, they would be separated by narrow straits, reaching the sea at Ilulissat Icefjord, at Greenland's Grand Canyon and south of Nordostrundingen. All towns and settlements of Greenland are situated along the ice-free coast, with the population being concentrated along the west coast. The northeastern part of Greenland is not part of any municipality, but it is the site of the world's largest national park, Northeast Greenland National Park. At least four scientific expedition stations and camps had been established on the ice sheet in the ice-covered central part of Greenland (indicated as pale blue in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155219", "score": "0.9177206", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Greenland ice sheet", "text": "between around the periphery. If the entire of ice were to melt, it would lead to a global sea level rise of , over 14,000 years at current rates of melting. In a 2018 paper, the rate of melting was shown to be accelerating. The Greenland Ice Sheet is sometimes referred to under the term \"inland ice\", or its Danish equivalent, \"indlandsis\". It is also sometimes referred to as an ice cap. The presence of ice-rafted sediments in deep-sea cores recovered from northeast Greenland, in the Fram Strait, and south of Greenland indicated the more or less continuous presence of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4078685", "score": "0.91552687", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of Greenland", "text": "the European Union, which it had joined as a part of Denmark in 1973; the Faroes had never joined. The prehistory of Greenland is a story of repeated waves of Paleo-Eskimo immigration from the islands north of the North American mainland. (The peoples of those islands are thought to have descended, in turn, from inhabitants of Siberia who migrated into Canada thousands of years ago.) Because of Greenland's remoteness and climate, survival there was difficult. Over the course of centuries, one culture succeeded another as groups died out and were replaced by new immigrants. Archaeology can give only approximate dates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "628444", "score": "0.9153395", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Geography of Greenland", "text": "taken today to determine the future of Greenland's ice. The ice sheet covering Greenland varies significantly in elevation across the landmass, rising dramatically between the coastline at sea level and the East-Central interior, where elevations reach 3,200 meters (10,499 feet). The coastlines are rocky and predominantly barren with fjords. Numerous small islands spread from the Central to Southern coastlines. Moutain ranges are partially or completely burried by ice. The highest mountains are in Watkins Range which is running along the Eastern coast . Greenland's highest mountain is Gunnbjorn Fjeld with a height of 3,700 meters (12,139 ft). Scientists discovered an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155266", "score": "0.91168815", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Geography of Greenland", "text": "below sea level would be covered by water. It is not clear whether this water would be at sea level or a lake above sea level. If it would be at sea level it could connect to the sea at Ilulissat Icefjord, in Baffin Bay and near Nordostrundingen, creating three large islands. But it is most likely that it would be a lake with one drain. It is thought that before the Ice Age Greenland had mountainous edges, and a lowland (and probably very dry) center which drained to the sea by one big river flowing out westwards past where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155261", "score": "0.9116085", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Greenland Sea", "text": "along the western part of the sea. Along the eastern part flows the warm Spitsbergen Current, a part of Gulf Stream. Mixtures of cold, freshwater ice melt and the warm, salty Spitsbergen Current may experience cabbeling, which might contribute to thermohaline circulation. The combination of those currents creates a counter-clockwise water flow in the central part of the sea. Because of frequent fogs, winds, and currents, which continuously transport ice and icebergs through the Greenland Sea to the south, the Greenland Sea has a narrow window for commercial navigation: The ice season starts in October and ends in August. Three", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4856298", "score": "0.9106161", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Geography of Greenland", "text": "covers 84% of the country; the rest is permafrost. Protection of the Arctic environment, climate change, pollution of the food chain, excessive hunting of endangered species (walrus, polar bears, narwhal, beluga whale and several sea birds). The Greenland ice sheet is thick and broad enough to blanket an area the size of Mexico. The ice is so massive that its weight presses the bedrock of Greenland below sea level and is so all-concealing that not until recently did scientists discover Greenland's Grand Canyon or the possibility that Greenland might actually be three islands. If the ice melted, the interior bedrock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155260", "score": "0.910065", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Greenland Sea", "text": "Greenland Sea The Greenland Sea is a body of water that borders Greenland to the west, the Svalbard archipelago to the east, Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Norwegian Sea and Iceland to the south. The Greenland Sea is often defined as part of the Arctic Ocean, sometimes as part of the Atlantic Ocean. However, definitions of the Arctic Ocean and its seas tend to be imprecise or arbitrary. In general usage the term \"Arctic Ocean\" would exclude the Greenland Sea. In oceanographic studies the Greenland Sea is considered part of the Nordic Seas, along", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4856287", "score": "0.90788496", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Climate of the Nordic countries", "text": "and . During summer in Greenland, ice sheets breaking up trigger what is known as \"glacial motion\" or \"glacial earthquakes\". Greenland is one of the areas in both the Nordic region and the world most affected by climate change. A July 2006 study completed by \"\"The Journal of Climate\"\", determined that the melting of Greenland's ice sheets was the single largest contributor to global sea-level rise. The temperatures from the year 2000 to the present have caused several very large glaciers that had long been stable, to begin to melt away. Three glaciers that have been researched: Jakobshavn Isbræ, Helheim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637346", "score": "0.906818", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Climate of the Arctic", "text": "which is ice free, and the inland ice sheet. The Greenland Ice Sheet covers about 80% of Greenland, extending to the coast in places, and has an average elevation of and a maximum elevation of . Much of the ice sheet remains below freezing all year, and it has the coldest climate of any part of the Arctic. Coastal areas can be affected by nearby open water, or by heat transfer through sea ice from the ocean, and many parts lose their snow cover in summer, allowing them to absorb more solar radiation and warm more than the interior. Coastal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11252048", "score": "0.9062505", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Greenlandian", "text": "Greenlandian In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene epoch or series, part of the Quaternary. It is one of three subdivisions of the Holocene. The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the GSSP sample from the North Greenland Ice Core Project in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W). The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of Younger Dryas (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a “shift in deuterium excess values”. The age began 11,700 years prior to the year 2000. The age was officially ratified by the International Commission on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20802450", "score": "0.90528786", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "Postglacial Stage VII an ice-stream-network from valley glaciers joining each other, has completely covered the landscape. Its nourishing areas consisted of high-lying plateau-glaciers and local ice caps. Due to the uplift of the snowline about that about – what corresponds to a warming about , since 1979 there exists a plateau-glaciation with small glacier tongues hanging down on the margins that nearly did not reach the main valley bottoms any more. There are approximately 700 known species of insects in Greenland, which is low compared with other countries (over one million species have been described worldwide). The sea is rich", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155228", "score": "0.9034986", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "North American Arctic", "text": "the boundary of this region. The area has tundra and polar vegetation. From west to east; North American Arctic The North American Arctic comprises the northern portions of Alaska (USA), Northern Canada and Greenland. Major bodies of water include the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, the Gulf of Alaska and North Atlantic Ocean. The western limit is the Seward Peninsula and the Bering Strait. The southern limit is the Arctic Circle latitude of 66° 33’N, which is the approximate limit of the midnight sun and the polar night. The Arctic region is defined by environmental limits where the average temperature for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14131003", "score": "0.9032934", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "over whether the island might have been revealed during a brief warm period in Greenland during the mid-20th century. The 1310 m-high Qaqugdluit-mountain-land on the south-side of the peninsula Nuussuaq, situated west of the Greenland inland ice at 70°07'50.92\"N 51°44'30.52\"W, is exemplary of the numerous mountain areas of West-Greenland. Up to the year 1979 (Stage 0) it shows Historical to Holocene, i.e. Postglacial glacier stages dating back at least 7000 and at most about 10 000 years. In 1979 the glacier tongues came to an end – according to the extent and height of the glacier nourishing area – between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155226", "score": "0.9029067", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Inuit", "text": "passed with 75% approval. Although still a part of the Kingdom of Denmark (along with Denmark proper and the Faroe Islands), Greenland, known as Kalaallit Nunaat in the Greenlandic language, maintains much autonomy today. Of a population of 56,000, 80% of Greenlanders identify as Inuit. Their economy is based on fishing and shrimping. The Thule people arrived in Greenland in the 13th century. There they encountered the Norsemen, who had established colonies there since the late 10th century, as well as a later wave of the Dorset people. Because most of Greenland is covered in ice, the Greenland Inuit (or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11554852", "score": "0.9014275", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "Denmark. However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC, which was effected in 1985. Greenland contains the world's largest and most northerly national park, Northeast Greenland National Park (\"Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq\"). Established in 1974, and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world. Greenland is divided into five municipalities – Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Avannaata. Greenland does not have an independent seat at the United Nations. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155190", "score": "0.9008789", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "North American Arctic", "text": "North American Arctic The North American Arctic comprises the northern portions of Alaska (USA), Northern Canada and Greenland. Major bodies of water include the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, the Gulf of Alaska and North Atlantic Ocean. The western limit is the Seward Peninsula and the Bering Strait. The southern limit is the Arctic Circle latitude of 66° 33’N, which is the approximate limit of the midnight sun and the polar night. The Arctic region is defined by environmental limits where the average temperature for the warmest month (July) is below . The northernmost tree line roughly follows the isotherm at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14131002", "score": "0.8998413", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Greenland", "text": "of approximately . The highest point on Greenland is Gunnbjørn Fjeld at of the Watkins Range (East Greenland mountain range). The majority of Greenland, however, is less than in elevation. The weight of the ice sheet has depressed the central land area to form a basin lying more than below sea level, while elevations rise suddenly and steeply near the coast. The ice flows generally to the coast from the centre of the island. A survey led by French scientist Paul-Emile Victor in 1951 concluded that, under the ice sheet, Greenland is composed of three large islands. This is disputed,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "155218", "score": "0.89958483", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Nordic Seas", "text": "Water is a combination of the Arctic Ocean Deep Water and the Greenland Sea Deep Water. This water mass is found below 2000 meters. Because of the warmer temperatures from the North Atlantic Current, this water mass is ice-free during the year. Nordic Seas The Nordic Seas are located north of Iceland and south of Svalbard. They have also been defined as the region located north of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge and south of the Fram Strait-Spitsbergen-Norway intersection. Known to connect the North Pacific and the North Atlantic waters, this region is also known as having some of the densest waters,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20129347", "score": "0.89907306", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Arctic", "text": "Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice)-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places. The Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. For example, the cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "474938", "score": "0.89821124", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "18" ]

[ { "title": "Gun laws in Delaware", "text": "to buy antique guns, and guns that are not currently being made or are rare. Delaware law classifies a \"firearm\" as any weapon from which a shot, projectile or other object may be discharged by force of combustion, explosive, gas and/or mechanical means, whether operable or inoperable, loaded or unloaded. It does not include BB guns. The basic requirements to purchase a handgun are as follows: You must be 21 or older, you must have a state-registered ID, and pass a Federal background check. The basic requirements to purchase a long barrel gun are almost identical to handgun laws. You", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16117973", "score": "0.9714588", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "BB gun", "text": "BB gun BB guns are a type of air guns designed to shoot metallic ball projectiles called BBs — metal balls approximately the same size as the \"BB\" lead birdshots. Modern BB guns usually have a barrel with a bore caliber of and are available in many varieties. These guns usually use steel BB shots, either zinc- or copper-plated to resist corrosion, and measuring in diameter and in weight. Some manufacturers still make the traditional lead balls around in weight and slightly larger in diameter, which are generally intended for use in rifled barrels due to lead having better malleability.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1677502", "score": "0.96022785", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Gun laws in New York", "text": "(e.g. in the trunk of a vehicle). Gun shows: New York requires anyone who buys a gun at a gun show to pass a background check. Youth and firearms: Youths between ages 14 and 21 may shoot a handgun at a range only if they are under the supervision of a military officer or licensed professional, have not been convicted of a felony, and do not seem to be a danger to themselves or others. Youths between 12 and 15 may only possess to load or fire an firearm when supervised by an adult with specific qualifications. Children under the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15171492", "score": "0.9568808", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Gun laws in Florida", "text": "defendant will be awarded all costs of defense. Buyers must be at least 21 years old to purchase any firearm in Florida. There is a waiting period of the longer of 3 business days or until background checks clear unless the purchaser has a concealed carry permit, is trading in a different firearm, the purchase is for a rifle or shotgun and the purchaser has completed a 16 hour hunter safety class in addition to holding a hunter safety certification card, or the purchaser is law enforcement or military. As state law on waiting periods and background checks do not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15171199", "score": "0.95437264", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Airsoft", "text": "However, carrying an imitation firearm in public is prohibited, and a gun carry case is required, as for real firearms. Airsoft shops are spread over the country, and buyers must be aged 16 or over to purchase an airsoft gun. There is no age limit on Airsoft, as long as a minor has an adult's permission. In the United Kingdom, some Airsoft guns are classified as realistic imitation firearms or RIFs. The sale, manufacture, or importation (but not gifting) of these is illegal under the Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006. A defence is allowed for selling for specific purposes including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1479637", "score": "0.94283533", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Legal issues in airsoft", "text": "are under 0.08 joules in power. Airsoft guns may only have a power under two joules (464 fps with 0.2g bb's), otherwise they are no longer qualified as airsoft replicas but firearms and owners should follow the French weapons law (dated 2013). Airsoft guns under 0.5 joules are deemed to be toy guns and can be used by all people above the age of 14. Some shops do still require a legal guardian to be in attendance and give permission when buying a <0.5 joule airsoft gun, however most shops sell these toy guns to anybody above the age of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7522049", "score": "0.9337635", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Overview of gun laws by nation", "text": "exception for politicians and businessmen. Applicants must be a minimum age of 21 years to obtain a firearms license, and go through a very thorough background check and mental evaluation. They must also state a genuine reason for wanting to own a firearm, which would include hunting, target shooting, collecting, security, and self-defense. All firearms must be registered. Gun permits are valid for five years and may be renewed. Civilians cannot possess military weapons, but may possess long rifles. Handguns can only be used for sport-shooting and hunting. In 2012 however, it is claimed that the police had been issuing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "163113", "score": "0.9315033", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gun laws in Brazil", "text": "Gun laws in Brazil In Brazil, all firearms are required to be registered with the minimum age for gun ownership being 25. It is generally illegal to carry a gun outside a residence, and a special permit granting the right to do so is granted to certain groups, such as law enforcement officers. To legally own a gun, an owner must hold a gun license, which costs BRL R$1000, and pay a fee every three years to register the gun, currently at BRL R$85. Registration can be done online or in person with the Federal Police. Until 2008, unregistered guns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7421551", "score": "0.93002784", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Gun laws in Pennsylvania", "text": "firearms in Pennsylvania without a Concealed Carry Permit, the firearm and ammunition must be in two separate containers within the vehicle. To apply for a license to carry in Pennsylvania, individuals must be at least 21 years of age. The application process requires submitting the Pennsylvania License to Carry Firearms application to the sheriff of the county in which they reside. Individuals who are not residents of Pennsylvania but are 21 years of age or older may submit the Application for a Pennsylvania License to Carry Firearms to any Pennsylvania County Sheriff's office along with the required fee. Firearms are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16163731", "score": "0.9136465", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Legal issues in airsoft", "text": "People under the age of 18 are not permitted to buy airsoft guns over the counter in stores. However, a person of any age may use one (with the permission of their parents of course for anyone under 18). This is also the case for the laws in each state. However, in some major cities, the definition of a firearm within their respected ordinances includes propulsion by spring or compressed air, thus making airsoft subject to applicable laws. For example, airsoft guns within the state of California can only be bought by a person above the age of 18. However,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Firearms policy in the United Kingdom", "text": "the 1920 Act based on the recommendations of a 1934 committee chaired by Sir Archibald Bodkin. The resulting legislation raised the minimum age for buying a firearm or airgun from 14 to 17, extended controls to shotguns and other smooth-bore weapons with barrels shorter than (later raised by the Firearms Act 1968 to , transferred certificates for machine guns to military oversight, regulated gun dealers, and granted chief constables the power to add conditions to individual Firearms Certificates. The same year, the Home Secretary ruled that self-defence was no longer a suitable reason for applying for a firearm certificate and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2592222", "score": "0.91256493", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "BB gun", "text": "types. The last common type of power for BB guns is pre-compressed gas, most commonly the 12 gram CO powerlet. The powerlet is a disposable metal flask containing 12 grams of compressed carbon dioxide, which expands to propel the BB. These are primarily used in pistol BB guns, and unlike spring-piston or pneumatic types, these are capable of rapid fire. A typical CO BB pistol uses a spring-loaded magazine to feed BBs, and a double-action trigger mechanism to chamber a BB and cock the hammer. However some guns (either to stay true to the original gun or to make the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1677510", "score": "0.911545", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "David Hogg (activist)", "text": "he was for reasonable gun control such as regulations that prohibit those suffering from mental illnesses from acquiring guns. Asked what new legislation he wants to see, Hogg replied: \"Raising the federal age of gun ownership and possession to the age of 21; banning all bump stocks; making sure that we have universal background checks; making sure that people that have committed acts of domestic violence are no longer able to get a gun, which in Florida, it's harder, it's just not impossible, fully, yet; and making sure that people with a criminal history and a history of mental illness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20592014", "score": "0.9076513", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Gun laws in Brazil", "text": "in 2017 to 63,880, a 3.7% rise from 2016. Jair Bolsonaro, winner of the 2018 Brazilian general election, is strongly in favor of repealing the disarmament law and allowing citizens to own and carry guns for defense. Gun laws in Brazil In Brazil, all firearms are required to be registered with the minimum age for gun ownership being 25. It is generally illegal to carry a gun outside a residence, and a special permit granting the right to do so is granted to certain groups, such as law enforcement officers. To legally own a gun, an owner must hold a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7421554", "score": "0.905617", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "BB gun", "text": "The guns and a stand-up advertisement featuring the Red Ryder character appeared in a Higbee's store window in the film, along with dolls, a train, and Radio Flyer wagons. An episode of \"My Name Is Earl\" called \"BB\" focused on the title character having accidentally shot a girl with a BB gun when he was younger, inadvertently causing a falling-out between her and her father. BB gun BB guns are a type of air guns designed to shoot metallic ball projectiles called BBs — metal balls approximately the same size as the \"BB\" lead birdshots. Modern BB guns usually have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1677518", "score": "0.90209115", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Overview of gun laws by nation", "text": "To own a firearm in Argentina, one must be a legitimate user. Applicants must: be 21 years of age or older, provide a medical certificate that certifies they are physically and mentally fit, complete a safety course, provide a legitimate means of income, undergo and pass a background check. A successful applicant is fingerprinted and issued a license which has to be renewed every five years. One may not legally fire a firearm in Argentina if they are not a legitimate user, even if that gun belongs to someone else. Once a legitimate user wants to purchase a firearm, they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "163092", "score": "0.9011004", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "Gun laws in Illinois", "text": "lock, unless the firearm itself includes an integrated locking mechanism. For private sales, the seller is required to keep a record of the transfer for at least 10 years. Lost or stolen guns must be reported to the police within 72 hours. A gun owner can be charged with a crime if a minor under the age of 14 gains access to their firearm when it is unsecured (i.e. not locked in a box or secured with a trigger lock) and causes death or great bodily harm. Regarding Title II weapons, the possession of automatic firearms (such as machine guns),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16134417", "score": "0.9009684", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "Overview of gun laws by nation", "text": "a shooting club, one can apply for a handgun permit which is then subject for background check and approval by the police, and one has to be 20 years old. Approved calibers: All calibers under 9mm (9x19, 38 Spl, 357 magnum, .32acp etc.), plus a limited number of larger calibers; .40sw, 45 ACP, 44 Spl. The max number of handguns are 6 in 22 cal. When applying for gun number 3 it requires a special permit from the department of justice. Large caliber guns, bigger than 22 cal, are restricted to a maximum of 2 in the same caliber. Meaning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "163156", "score": "0.8992697", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "Gun shop", "text": "Gun legislation in Germany provides as a contrast. Individuals who desire to acquire a firearm have to meet stringent standards to receive an ownership license (German: \"Waffenbesitzkarte\" or \"WBK\"). Personal characteristics such as mental fitness and ability to physically handle the weapons well are evaluated. Germans under the age of 21, unable to prove their citizenship status, possessing a documented history of mental illness, or otherwise failing to meet the guidelines will not receive the license. Retail gun shops are not legal in Mexico. The Directorate of Commercialization of Arms and Munitions (\"Dirección de Comercialización de Armamento y Municiones\" -", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19239890", "score": "0.89525115", "original_retrieval_index": 57 }, { "title": "Overview of gun laws by nation", "text": "shotguns and shotguns with barrels under are prohibited. All firearms in Brazil are required to be registered. The minimum age for ownership is 25, and certificates of aptitude and mental health are required prior to the acquisition of a firearm and every three years thereafter. It is generally illegal to carry a firearm outside a residence. Executive Order 5.123, of 1 July 2004 allows the Federal Police to confiscate firearms which are not possessed for a valid reason; self-defense is not considered a valid argument. The total number of firearms in Brazil is thought to be between 14 million and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "163095", "score": "0.8950742", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Gun laws in New Jersey", "text": "moving between residences with hollow-point bullets. In New Jersey, anyone seeking to purchase firearms (one does not need to obtain a Firearm Purchaser Identification card to own, possess in the home, transport firearms to and from authorized target range, to a gunsmith for purposes of repair, or to the woods or fields of the state for purposes of hunting ) is required to obtain a lifetime Firearm Purchaser Identification card, commonly referred to as FID, for the purchase of rifles and shotguns. To purchase a handgun, a separate permit is needed from the Chief of Police of their municipality, or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16150895", "score": "0.8944404", "original_retrieval_index": 59 }, { "title": "Overview of gun laws by nation", "text": "in a hunting or rifle club is required in order to own semi-automatic rifles, hunting rifles, shotguns or handguns. Automatic rifles are prohibited. In 2010, there were 129,000 registered gun owners (1.3% of the population) in Hungary with 235,000 firearms. The majority of these were hunting rifles, and handguns for self-defense. Gun violence is very rare in Hungary; police use lethal weapons fewer than 10 times in a year, on average. Gun laws in Ireland are strict, requiring all firearms to be licensed individually through the Gardaí (police). Applicants must be 16 years of age and have a good reason", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "163170", "score": "0.89350295", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "Gun laws in the Philippines", "text": "quell the Moro separatist groups in Mindanao. Since then, gun control has become a moderate and strong issue in the Philippines. The ownership of firearms in the Philippines is regulated by the Firearms and Explosives Division of the Philippine National Police. In order to possess a firearm in the Philippines, a person must be at a minimum age of 21 years and pass a background check to be issued a Possession License. They must also take a firearms training and safety course. Any history of mental illnesses and/or domestic violence within the individual or the family will cause an applicant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18558676", "score": "0.89259994", "original_retrieval_index": 63 }, { "title": "Daisy Outdoor Products", "text": "1963. These simple smoothbore, spring-air BB guns fire at low velocities, and are marketed to children ages 10 and over. In addition to the spring air BB guns, Daisy also markets a line of multi-pump pneumatic rifles capable of firing pellets or BBs to the same age group. Production of the Daisy Model 25 was restarted in 2009. Featuring a spring feed mechanism and modeled after a pump-action shotgun with pumped cocking, the Model 25 dominated the low-price, higher-performance airgun market for over 50 years (1914–1978). The Powerline models are Daisy's more powerful, more accurate line of airguns, marketed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7859302", "score": "0.8914428", "original_retrieval_index": 65 }, { "title": "Legal issues in airsoft", "text": "purchase of airsoft guns. However, they must have an orange tip on the barrel. Texas allows airsoft guns to be owned, but most cities require that the airsoft guns be discharged only while outside city limits. Some cities in Illinois consider shipping or distributing airsoft guns illegal. In Minnesota, it is illegal for a child under the age of 14 to possess an airsoft gun unless under the supervision of a parent or adult. It is also illegal for any child under 16 to purchase an airsoft gun without parental advisory involvement. In Saint Paul and Minneapolis, airsoft guns cannot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7522111", "score": "0.88964915", "original_retrieval_index": 67 }, { "title": "Air gun", "text": "aerodynamics and longer effective ranges due to the more similar shape to firearm bullets, however also require a fully rifled barrel for spin stabilization in flight. The BB was once the most common airgun ammunition in the USA, thanks to the popularity of Daisy’s line of BB airguns. A BB is a small metallic ball, typically made of steel (with a copper or zinc coating) or lead, in 4.5 mm/.177\" diameter. Originally called the “round shot”, the contemporary name came from the “BB”- size lead birdshot used in shotguns, which the first BB gun invented in 1886 was designed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1290084", "score": "0.88802177", "original_retrieval_index": 71 }, { "title": "Firearms policy in the United Kingdom", "text": "may only be purchased and possessed with the authority of a Firearm Certificate. Shotgun cartridges can be possessed by anybody over the age of 15 but no licence is required to hold such ammunition so long as the cartridges contain 5 or more shots. However, a licence covering possession of a firearm capable of firing shotgun ammunition is required for purchase. While Scotland has had its own parliament (Holyrood) since the Scotland Act 1998, power to legislate on firearms was reserved to the Westminster Parliament, which led to tensions between the British and Scottish parliaments, with the Scottish government wanting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2592176", "score": "0.8854008", "original_retrieval_index": 72 }, { "title": "BB gun", "text": "maximum range of a BB gun in the range is , provided the muzzle is elevated to the optimum angle. Steel BBs are also notably prone to ricochet off hard surfaces such as brick, concrete, metal, or wood end grain. Eye protection is essential when shooting BBs at these materials. More so than when shooting lead pellets, since a BB bouncing off a hard surface can retain a large portion of its initial energy (pellets usually flatten and absorb energy), and could easily cause serious eye damage. The U.S. Army trained recruits in Quick Kill techniques using Daisy Model 99", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1677515", "score": "0.88518345", "original_retrieval_index": 73 }, { "title": "Overview of gun laws by nation", "text": "months, with a medical certificate, without any felon convictions, and additionally requires at least three shooting sessions with an instructor. Specific authorisation for purchase and possession may then be sought from local police administration, valid for 5 years renewable. Such arms may then only be used for sport-shooting at shooting ranges, never for hunting. Category B includes all assault type rifles, such as AK-47/AKM, AK-74 or AR-15/M16/M4, and any look-alike arms even when chambred for rimfire cartridges (.22 LR). Obviously these must also be semi-automatic only. All handguns, including rimfire, are classed as category B. It is illegal to possess", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "163163", "score": "0.88376737", "original_retrieval_index": 74 }, { "title": "Overview of gun laws by nation", "text": "than or bore greater than 12 gauge; and rifles which are fully automatic or of large calibre. One handgun is permitted for home defense. For hunting and sport shooting, up to nine long guns and one handgun is permitted, requiring membership in a hunting or shooting club. Collectors may be authorized to possess additional and prohibited weapons. A carry license may be issued to those employed by private security firms, or those who may be targets of crime. Obtaining firearms in Panama requires a Firearms Possession Certificate, which requires a lengthy background check and training. The minimum age to own", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "163103", "score": "0.880641", "original_retrieval_index": 76 } ]

[ "during the 1930s", "sometime during the 1930s", "1930s" ]

[ { "title": "Jelly bean", "text": "Jelly bean Jelly beans are small bean-shaped sugar candies with soft candy shells and thick gel interiors. The confection is sold in a wide variety of colors and flavors, and is made primarily of sugar. It has been claimed that jelly beans were mentioned first during 1861, when Boston confectioner William Schrafft urged people to send his jelly beans to soldiers during the American Civil War. It was not until July 5, 1905, that jelly beans were mentioned in the \"Chicago Daily News\". The advertisement publicized bulk jelly beans sold by volume for nine cents per pound, according to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1341993", "score": "1.1797664", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Marinus van Dam", "text": "of the Jelly Belly, he answered that most jelly beans at the time were cheap candy that had a 56% sugar content and were sold as penny candy. All jelly beans started out with plain, uncolored starch centers that were merely sweetened with sugar. Only the outer candy coating was colored and flavored. He wondered how he could bring this candy to the adult market, and his solution was to enhance the jelly beans so that they would appeal to everyone. The centers for the new jelly bean were colored and flavored with real fruit juices and natural flavors. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7515079", "score": "1.1508986", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jelly bean", "text": "Sam Rosen, and Joe Verges and published in New Orleans during 1920 by Universal Music Publishers, Inc. Jelly bean Jelly beans are small bean-shaped sugar candies with soft candy shells and thick gel interiors. The confection is sold in a wide variety of colors and flavors, and is made primarily of sugar. It has been claimed that jelly beans were mentioned first during 1861, when Boston confectioner William Schrafft urged people to send his jelly beans to soldiers during the American Civil War. It was not until July 5, 1905, that jelly beans were mentioned in the \"Chicago Daily News\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1341997", "score": "1.148363", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jelly Belly", "text": "1924. In 1960, the company expanded to jelly beans, gummy bears, and various jells. \"One of those new products was a small and very flavorful Mini Jelly Bean [developed in 1965].\" The Mini Jelly Bean center had natural flavoring, innovative for the time when only the outer shell was flavored. Ronald Reagan first tried the Mini Jelly Beans in 1966. \"The then California governor had quit smoking years before and turned to popping candy as a...substitute.\" Reagan wrote to Herman Rowland, Sr. while governor, \"It's gotten to the point...where we can hardly start a meeting or make a decision without", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1342000", "score": "1.1191232", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Jelly Belly", "text": "passing around a jar of jelly beans. We owe you a special measure of thanks for helping keep our state government running smoothly.\" In 1976, David Klein, a candy and nut distributor, collaborated with Herman Rowland to create a jelly bean using natural purees. Using the Mini Jelly Bean concept, the Jelly Belly jelly bean was created. Klein coined the name \"Jelly Belly\" as a tribute to blues musician Lead Belly, and was responsible for the design of the product's famous red and yellow trademark. Klein sold the first Jelly Belly jelly beans in 1976 at an ice cream parlor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1342001", "score": "1.1057472", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jelly Babies", "text": "jelly babies (or, in the US, the much harder jelly beans) after it was reported that George Harrison liked eating them. In the British television programme \"Doctor Who\", jelly babies were often mentioned in the classic series as a confection The Doctor, an alien time traveller, favoured. First seen being consumed by the Second Doctor, they became most associated with Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor, who had a predilection for offering them to strangers in order to defuse tense situations (and in one episode bluffing another alien into thinking them a weapon). The Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Doctors,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1540038", "score": "1.0985775", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "David Klein (businessman)", "text": "called \"Jelly Belly\"—and asked The Herman Goelitz Candy Company to make a batch for him. Klein then rented a corner of Fossleman's Ice Cream in Alhambra to sell the new type of jelly beans. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine, Lemon, Green Apple, Grape Jelly, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. Total sales for the first seven-day period was $44. The product was selling for $2 per pound, which was considered a very high price at the time. Klein convinced the Associated Press to write a story, arranging for friends and family to act as customers. The article caused", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16642267", "score": "1.076264", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Jelly Belly", "text": "House candy during his eighth and final year in office.\") Reagan made them the first jelly beans in space, sending them on the Space Shuttle Challenger during the STS-7 mission in 1983, surprising the astronauts. In 2001 the company renamed itself to Jelly Belly Candy Company. The company's signature product, the Jelly Belly jelly bean, comes in more than 50 varieties, ranging from traditional flavors like orange, lemon, lime, and cherry, to more exotic ones like cinnamon, pomegranate, cappuccino, buttered popcorn, and chili-mango. Jelly Belly Candy Company manufactures numerous specialty Jelly Belly jelly beans with licensed products like Tabasco sauce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1342004", "score": "1.0634815", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town", "text": "his eggs to all the townspeople, including King Bruce, who crowns him the Easter Bunny, Royal Knight of the Rainbow Eggs and he and Sunny initiate a traditional ritual of eating the eggs. However, Lily, disappointed in her nephew, chases Sunny out, outlaws eggs, and sends him to bed without supper. After Bruce tells Sunny that he knew his supper would be more beans, anyway, Sunny promises to bring him very special beans next Easter. The following year, Sunny, Hallelujah, and Herbert the Baker (Michael McGovern) make the first Easter jelly beans. However, upon their way to Town to deliver", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12794194", "score": "1.0605928", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jelly bean", "text": "It has been claimed that jelly beans were mentioned first during 1861, when Boston confectioner William Schrafft urged people to send his jelly beans to soldiers during the American Civil War. It was not until July 5, 1905, that jelly beans were mentioned in the Chicago Daily News. The advertisement publicized bulk jelly beans sold by volume for nine cents per pound, according to the book The Century in Food: America's Fads and Favorites. Most historians contend that jelly beans were first associated with celebrations of Easter in the United States sometime during the 1930s due to their egg-like shape.\n", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Jelly Belly", "text": "partner.\" The Jelly Belly trademark was registered August 3, 1982. The Mr. Jelly Belly character was developed in 1983. Prior to the development of the character David Klein called himself \"Mr. Jelly Belly.\" After Ronald Reagan became President in 1980, the general public became aware of his preference for Jelly Belly jelly beans. The company supplied Reagan with Jelly Belly jelly beans during his eight years of presidency. Chairman Rowland recalls, \"We were thrilled by press reports that President Reagan gave jars of Jelly Belly jelly beans to visiting dignitaries.\" (Reagan, however, \"started to favor M&M's as the official White", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1342003", "score": "1.058991", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Easter egg", "text": "substitute chocolate eggs, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jelly beans. These eggs can be hidden for children to find on Easter morning, which may be left by the Easter Bunny. They may also be put in a basket filled with real or artificial straw to resemble a bird's nest. The Easter egg tradition may also have merged into the celebration of the end of the privations of Lent in the West. Historically, it was traditional to use up all of the household's eggs before Lent began. Eggs were originally forbidden during Lent as well as on other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "119665", "score": "1.0532017", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jelly Babies", "text": "Hams released \"Jelly Baby Song\" - its content alluding to the consumption of jelly babies by type 1 diabetics to overcome hypoglycaemic episodes - as a way to raise awareness for type 1 diabetes for JDRF Australia (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation) who sell specially packaged jelly babies as the focus of their annual \"Jelly Baby Month\" campaign. In 2009, a poll of 4,000 British adults voted jelly babies their sixth favourite sweet. Jelly Babies Jelly Babies are a type of soft sugar jelly sweet, shaped as plump babies in a variety of colours. They were first manufactured in Lancashire, England", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1540040", "score": "1.0404867", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jelly bean", "text": "In United States slang during the 1910s and early 1920s, a \"Jellybean\" or \"Jelly-Bean\" was a young man who dressed stylishly but had little else to recommend him, similar to the older terms \"dandy\" and \"fop\". F. Scott Fitzgerald published a story about such a character, \"The Jelly-Bean,\" during 1920. In William Faulkner's 1929 novel \"The Sound and the Fury\", Jason complained about his niece Quentin's promiscuity, remarking that even \"the town jellybeans\" gave her the \"go-by\". The song \"Jelly Bean (He's a Curbstone Cutie)\" was made popular during the 1940s by Phil Harris. It was written by Jimmie Dupre,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1341996", "score": "1.0381012", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Pop Rocks", "text": "and was also manufactured by General Foods. In 2012, Cadbury Schweppes Pty. Ltd. (in Australia) began producing a chocolate product named \"Marvellous Creations Jelly Popping Candy Beanies\" which contains popping candy, jelly beans and beanies (candy covered chocolate). By 2013 Whittakers (New Zealand) had also released a local product (white chocolate with a local carbonated drink \"Lemon and Paeroa' or \"L&P\" for short). Prominent British chef Heston Blumenthal has also made several desserts incorporating popping candy, both for the peculiar sensory experience of the popping and for the nostalgia value of using an ingredient popular in the 1970s. The candy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4061592", "score": "1.0348215", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Marinus van Dam", "text": "flavor enhancing process was also used on the outer candy shell. The finished Jelly Belly contained about half the sugar of the regular jelly bean, was more flavorful, and consequently healthier than the generic jelly beans sold in stores. David Klein sold the first Jelly Belly jelly beans in a small ice cream parlor in Alhambra, California in 1976. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine, Lemon, Green Apple, Grape, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. Marinus died on January 6, 1997, but the candy he helped create continues. Marinus van Dam Marinus van Dam (October 24, 1929 – January", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7515080", "score": "1.0336887", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Jelly Beans", "text": "The Jelly Beans The Jelly Beans were a rhythm and blues vocal group from Jersey City, New Jersey. Formed in 1962 by five high schoolers, the group signed with Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller's label, Red Bird Records, in 1963. Working with songwriters Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich, the group released its debut single, \"I Wanna Love Him So Bad\", in 1964; the song became a hit in the United States, peaking at #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The follow-up, \"Baby Be Mine\", peaked at #51 later that year, and while the group recorded copiously, a full-length album was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11179141", "score": "1.022019", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Jelly Beans", "text": "never issued. Red Bird dropped the group at the end of 1964; one final single was released on Eskee Records, but it fizzled and the group broke up in 1965. The Jelly Beans The Jelly Beans were a rhythm and blues vocal group from Jersey City, New Jersey. Formed in 1962 by five high schoolers, the group signed with Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller's label, Red Bird Records, in 1963. Working with songwriters Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich, the group released its debut single, \"I Wanna Love Him So Bad\", in 1964; the song became a hit in the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11179142", "score": "0.9983946", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Mike and Ike", "text": "of sugar. The candy is kosher and gluten-free. They are similar to Hot Tamales, another candy introduced by the same manufacturer in 1950, though they are not spicy. Just Born produces several varieties of Mike and Ikes, including: Retro/limited varieties include: There are also seasonal packages for Easter in which the Mike and Ike flavors are formed as jelly beans. In April 2012, they ran an ad campaign based on the premise that Mike and Ike were \"breaking up\" due to \"creative differences\"; the packaging showed one or the other name scratched out. The campaign was intended to capture the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5892334", "score": "0.9864043", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Coffee jelly", "text": "Coffee jelly Recipes for coffee jelly appear in cookbooks published in England as early as 1817. The earliest recipes call for coffee to be mixed with calves' foot jelly and sometimes call for isinglass or other clarifiers. After the introduction of packaged gelatin, most recipes call for the gelatin to be dissolved in the hot coffee and then molded. In the early 20th century coffee jelly was promoted as a healthier alternative to hot coffee, as it was thought the gelatin would absorb excess acid in the stomach. Jell-O launched a short lived coffee gelatin mix in 1918, but the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14545758", "score": "0.9851798", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Easter", "text": "early Christian community of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs red in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at his crucifixion. As such, for Christians, the Easter egg is a symbol of the empty tomb. The oldest tradition is to use dyed chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute decorated chocolate, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jellybeans. The Easter Bunny is a popular legendary anthropomorphic Easter gift-giving character analogous to Santa Claus in American culture. Many Americans follow the tradition of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving baskets of candy. On Easter Monday, the President of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "119751", "score": "0.9831125", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Coffee jelly", "text": "dessert never gained widespread popularity outside of New England. Today, coffee jelly may still be found in Rhode Island, Massachusetts and other New England states. Durgin-Park restaurant in Boston, which opened in 1827, still offers coffee gelatin made with leftover coffee from the previous day. Japanese coffee jelly was developed during the Taishō period (1912–1926) in imitation of European molded jellies. It appealed to modern young men with tastes for Western fashion and rose in popularity along with café culture. Coffee jelly has remained popular in Japan and is still widely available. Starbucks launched a coffee jelly frappuccino in Japan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14545759", "score": "0.97566277", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Easter egg", "text": "hornazo (traditionally eaten on and around Easter) contains hard-boiled eggs as a primary ingredient. In Hungary, eggs are used sliced in potato casseroles around the Easter period. Some Christians symbolically link the cracking open of Easter eggs with the empty tomb of Jesus. In the Orthodox churches, Easter eggs are blessed by the priest at the end of the Paschal Vigil (which is equivalent to Holy Saturday), and distributed to the faithful. The egg is seen by followers of Christianity as a symbol of resurrection: while being dormant it contains a new life sealed within it. Similarly, in the Roman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "119668", "score": "0.97294056", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jelly bean", "text": "beans are sold as an assortment of about eight different flavors, most of them fruit-based. Assortments of \"spiced\" jellybeans and gumdrops are also available, which include a similar number of spice and mint flavors. The colors of jelly beans often correspond with a fruit and a \"spiced\" flavor. Some premium brands, such as Jelly Belly and The Jelly Bean Factory, are available in many different flavors, including berry, tropical fruit, soft drink, popcorn, licorice, and novelty ranges, in addition to the familiar fruit and spice flavors. While these are also sold as assortments, individual flavors can be purchased from distributors.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1341995", "score": "0.97253263", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Swiss roll", "text": "published reference for a rolled cake spread with jelly was in the \"Northern Farmer\", a journal published in Utica, New York, in December 1852. Called “To Make Jelly Cake”, the recipe describes a modern \"jelly roll\" and reads: “Bake quick and while hot spread with jelly. Roll carefully, and wrap it in a cloth. When cold cut in slices for the table.” The terminology evolved in America for many years. From 1852 to 1877 such a dessert was called: Jelly Cake (1852), Roll Jelly Cake (1860), Swiss Roll (1872), Jelly Roll (1873), and Rolled Jelly Cake (1876). The name “Jelly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5183699", "score": "0.9710964", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Chocolate", "text": "ice cream and pudding, and chocolate sauce is a commonly added as a topping on ice cream sundaes. Chocolate is associated with festivals such as Easter, when moulded chocolate rabbits and eggs are traditionally given in Christian communities, and Hanukkah, when chocolate coins are given in Jewish communities. Chocolate hearts and chocolate in heart-shaped boxes are popular on Valentine's Day and are often presented along with flowers and a greeting card. In 1868, Cadbury created Fancy Boxes – a decorated box of chocolates – in the shape of a heart for Valentine's Day. Boxes of filled chocolates quickly became associated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "89499", "score": "0.9679293", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Coffee jelly", "text": "cubes of chilled coffee jelly in a bowl. Coffee jelly Recipes for coffee jelly appear in cookbooks published in England as early as 1817. The earliest recipes call for coffee to be mixed with calves' foot jelly and sometimes call for isinglass or other clarifiers. After the introduction of packaged gelatin, most recipes call for the gelatin to be dissolved in the hot coffee and then molded. In the early 20th century coffee jelly was promoted as a healthier alternative to hot coffee, as it was thought the gelatin would absorb excess acid in the stomach. Jell-O launched a short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14545761", "score": "0.9642669", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Loretta Marron", "text": "participants test them using a meter that measures magnetism. They were not able to tell which one had the magnets and which one had the jelly beans through the mattress - the results were the same. This trial was telecast on Channel Nine, and their journalist suggested the name \"Jelly Bean Lady\" which Marron stayed with. Her conclusion that the magnets were just as effective as jelly beans, was an effective way to communicate the results accurately to a non-technical audience, without using jargon about topics such as controls and blinding. She further developed this persona of \"the Jellybean Lady\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19054109", "score": "0.9588537", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jelly Belly", "text": "called Fosselman's in Alhambra, California. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine, Lemon, Green Apple, Grape, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. It was David Klein's idea \"...to sell them as separate flavors instead of a variety pack...\". Marinus van Dam, product developer and plant manager for the company, oversaw the development of Jelly Belly jelly beans. By the 1980s, many flavors had been developed. In 1980, Klein sold his interest in the Jelly Belly name. \"David Klein sold the Jelly Belly trademark to Rowland for $4.8 million, paid in monthly installments over 20 years, which Klein split with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1342002", "score": "0.9559072", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Green Jellÿ", "text": "Green Jellÿ Green Jellÿ (pronounced \"green jello\") is an American comedy rock band formed in 1981. Originally named Green Jellö, the band changed its name due to legal pressure from Kraft Foods, the owners of the Jell-O trademark, who claimed that it was an infringement of their trademark. Despite the spelling difference, the new name and the old are pronounced identically. Known for sophomoric humor, theatrical performances and intentionally crude musicianship, Green Jellÿ has had hundreds of members during the band's existence, with vocalist Bill Manspeaker the only consistent member throughout. The band's early 1990s lineup included drummer Danny Carey,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2876685", "score": "0.95217526", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz" ]

[ { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "to the 1917 ammunition ship explosion that leveled the city of Halifax; and in Newcastle upon Tyne, where the main civic Christmas tree is an annual gift from the city of Bergen, in thanks for the part played by soldiers from Newcastle in liberating Bergen from Nazi occupation. Norway also annually gifts a Christmas tree to Washington, D.C. as a symbol of friendship between Norway and the US and as an expression of gratitude from Norway for the help received from the US during World War II. A \"Chrismon tree\" is a Christmas tree decorated with explicitly Christian symbols in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95506", "score": "1.2210271", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "white and gold. First introduced by North American Lutherans in 1957, the practice has rapidly spread to other Christian denominations, including Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists, and the Reformed. \"Chrismon\" (plural \"Chrismons\") was adopted for the type of Christmas decoration and explained as a portmanteau of \"Christ-monogram\" (a Christogram). Both setting up and taking down a Christmas tree are associated with specific dates. Traditionally, Christmas trees were not brought in and decorated until Christmas Eve (24 December) or, in the traditions celebrating Christmas Eve rather than the first day of Christmas, 23 December, and then removed the day after Twelfth Night (5", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95507", "score": "1.1790738", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Chrismon tree", "text": "Chrismon tree A Chrismon tree is an evergreen tree often found in the chancel or nave of a church during Advent and Christmastide. The Chrismon tree was first used by North American Lutherans in 1957, although the practice has spread to other Christian denominations, including Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists, and the Reformed. As with the Christmas tree, the evergreen tree itself, for Christians, \"symbolizes the eternal life Jesus Christ provides\". However, the Chrismon tree differs from the traditional Christmas tree in that it \"is decorated only with clear lights and Chrismons made from white and gold material\", the latter two being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9363224", "score": "1.1418177", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Trafalgar Square Christmas tree", "text": "Trafalgar Square Christmas tree The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is a Christmas tree donated to the people of Britain by the city of Oslo, Norway each year since 1947. The tree is prominently displayed in Trafalgar Square from the beginning of December until 6 January. The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree has been an annual gift to the people of Britain by the city of Oslo as a token of gratitude for British support to Norway during the Second World War. The tree has provided a central focus for the Trafalgar Square traditional carol-singing programme, performed by different groups raising money", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13189263", "score": "1.1099024", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "I briefly reduced their popularity but the effect was short-lived and by the mid-1920s the use of Christmas trees had spread to all classes. In 1933 a restriction on the importation of foreign trees led to the \"rapid growth of a new industry\" as the growing of Christmas trees within Britain became commercially viable due to the size of demand. By 2013 the number of trees grown in Britain for the Christmas market was approximately 8 million and their display in homes, shops and public spaces a normal part of the Christmas season. The tradition was introduced to North America", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95492", "score": "1.0953124", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Christmas tree (drag racing)", "text": "the development of the Christmas Tree, which was debuted by Chrondek at the 1963 U.S. Nationals in Indianapolis, Indiana. Another claim regarding invention of the Christmas Tree is by Wilfred H. \"W.H.\" David, Jr., founder of the Pel State Timing Association in Lafayette, Louisiana. He created the first Christmas Tree sometime in the late 1950s and sold the rights a few years later to Chrondek Corporation for mass production. The naming apparently came from the use of small glass Christmas tree lights David used for his miniature prototype. Regardless of the actual inventor(s), the Christmas Tree and timing system is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18028617", "score": "1.094537", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "true meaning of Christmas.\" The Catholic Church's official \"Book of Blessings\" has a service for the blessing of the Christmas tree in a home. The Episcopal Church in \"The Anglican Family Prayer Book\", which has the imprimatur of The Rt. Rev. Catherine S. Roskam of the Anglican Communion, has long had a ritual titled \"Blessing of a Christmas Tree\", as well as \"Blessing of a Crèche\", for use in the church and the home. \"Chrismon trees\" are a variety developed in 1957 by a Lutheran laywoman in Virginia, as a specifically religious version appropriate for a church's Christmas celebrations, although", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95536", "score": "1.0824004", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "the Armistice in 1918 the city of Manchester sent a tree, and £500 to buy chocolate and cakes, for the children of the much-bombarded town of Lille in northern France. In some cases the trees represent special commemorative gifts, such as in Trafalgar Square in London, where the City of Oslo, Norway presents a tree to the people of London as a token of appreciation for the British support of Norwegian resistance during the Second World War; in Boston, where the tree is a gift from the province of Nova Scotia, in thanks for rapid deployment of supplies and rescuers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95505", "score": "1.0654615", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "makes clear their smart cachet, German origins and association with children and gift-giving. An illustrated book, \"The Christmas Tree\", describing their use and origins in detail, was on sale in December 1844. On 2 January 1846 Elizabeth Fielding (née Fox Strangways) wrote from Laycock Abbey to William Henry Fox-Talbot: \"\"Constance is extremely busy preparing the Bohemian Xmas Tree. It is made from Caroline's description of those she saw in Germany\"\". In 1847 Prince Albert wrote: \"I must now seek in the children an echo of what Ernest [his brother] and I were in the old time, of what we felt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95489", "score": "1.0634595", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "Although the tradition of decorating the home with evergreens was long established, the custom of decorating an entire small tree was unknown in Britain until some two centuries ago. At the time of the personal union with Hanover, George III's German-born wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, introduced a Christmas tree at a party she gave for children in 1800. The custom did not at first spread much beyond the royal family. Queen Victoria as a child was familiar with it and a tree was placed in her room every Christmas. In her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13-year-old princess", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "origins are sometimes associated with Protestant Christian reformer Martin Luther, who is said to have first added lighted candles to an evergreen tree. The first recorded Christmas tree can be found on the keystone sculpture of a private home in Turckheim, Alsace (then part of Germany, today France), dating 1576. While today the Christmas tree is a recognized symbol for the holidays, it was once a pagan tradition unassociated with Christmas traditions. Modern Christmas trees have been related to the \"tree of paradise\" of medieval mystery plays that were given on 24 December, the commemoration and name day of Adam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95475", "score": "1.0628242", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Chrismon tree", "text": "the liturgical colours of the Christmas season. The Chrismon tree is adorned with Chrismons, \"ancient symbols for Christ or some part of Christ's ministry: the crow, descending down, fish, Celtic cross, Jerusalem cross, shepherd's crook, chalice, shell, and others.\" Laurence Hull Stookey writes that \"because many symbols of the Chrismon tree direct our attention to the nature and ultimate work of Christ, they can be helpful in calling attention to Advent themes.\" Chrismon tree A Chrismon tree is an evergreen tree often found in the chancel or nave of a church during Advent and Christmastide. The Chrismon tree was first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9363225", "score": "1.0607915", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Christmas", "text": "an axe to an oak tree dedicated to Thor and pointed out a fir tree, which he stated was a more fitting object of reverence because it pointed to heaven and it had a triangular shape, which he said was symbolic of the Trinity. The English language phrase \"Christmas tree\" is first recorded in 1835 and represents an importation from the German language. From Germany the custom was introduced to Britain, first via Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, and then more successfully by Prince Albert during the reign of Queen Victoria. By 1841 the Christmas tree had become even", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "77659", "score": "1.0590239", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Trafalgar Square Christmas tree", "text": "countdown to Christmas. Since 2009, the Poetry Society has commissioned new poems annually for display on banners around the base of the tree. In 2010, schoolchildren also performed one of the poems at the lighting-up ceremony. Trafalgar Square Christmas tree The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is a Christmas tree donated to the people of Britain by the city of Oslo, Norway each year since 1947. The tree is prominently displayed in Trafalgar Square from the beginning of December until 6 January. The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree has been an annual gift to the people of Britain by the city of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13189267", "score": "1.0511458", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "British Christmas Tree Growers Association", "text": "British Christmas Tree Growers Association The British Christmas Tree Growers Association is the trade association for those who grow specialist Christmas Trees in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Membership is open to those who intend to grow or are growing trees for the Christmas market. Associate membership is available for those who provide goods and services to the Christmas Tree sector. Members of the BCTGA cultivate well shaped and sturdy trees specially for the Christmas festivities. The BCTGA holds an annual competition to find the best grower from their membership. Entries to the competition are divided into four categories; Pine,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6204631", "score": "1.0500368", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ye Olde Cherry Tree", "text": "Ye Olde Cherry Tree Ye Olde Cherry Tree is a grade II listed public house on the corner of The Green and The Mall in Southgate, north London, which dates from around 1695. The Cherry Tree was built around 1695. It has since been altered and extended and is composed of a variety of materials which date from the 17th to the 19th centuries. It is grade II listed with Historic England. The first landlord was Edward Lomas. It was known for its skittles alley and was the meeting place for several friendly societies, including the Loyal Britain society, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19463152", "score": "1.044198", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Chris Baines", "text": "trees. He has also promoted the concept of urban forestry in the U.K. He was a founding member of the steering committee of CABE Space, the U.K. Government's urban greenspace adviser and continues to be a member of CABE's design review panel and SHAPE East. He was principal adviser to \"Trees of Time and Place\", a campaign for the millennium which encouraged people to gather seeds from a favourite tree, grow a seedling and plant it for the future. He also founded International Dawn Chorus Day in 1987. He was also a member of the steering board for the BBC's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5943121", "score": "1.040711", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Trafalgar Square Christmas tree", "text": "Felixstowe free of charge by a cargo ship of the Fred Olsen Line. As of at least 2007, the tree was shipped across the North Sea to Immingham by DFDS Tor Line. As of 2018, it has been the responsibility of Radius Crane Management Ltd. to transport, guard and erect the tree in Trafalgar Square. The Trafalgar Square tree is decorated in a traditional Norwegian style and adorned with 500 white lights. In 2008, the tree utilised low-wattage halogen bulbs which used 3.5 kW of power. At the base of the tree stands a plaque, bearing the words: \"This tree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13189265", "score": "1.040495", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Christmas tree production", "text": "domestically by individual families. One producer from Koziegłówki stated that every other house was an artificial tree producer. The trees are made from a special film which is imported from China or Thailand. Entire families take part in production and the trees are sold throughout Poland with some being exported to the Czech Republic and Slovakia. British demand for natural Christmas trees is around 8 million annually, with about two-thirds of households opting for artificial trees. When a Danish tree shortage in 2006 resulted in only 200,000 of the usual 1 million Nordmann Fir trees to the British Isles, British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10854697", "score": "1.0399853", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "country's first Christmas tree: Windsor Locks, Connecticut, claims that a Hessian soldier put up a Christmas tree in 1777 while imprisoned at the Noden-Reed House, while the \"First Christmas Tree in America\" is also claimed by Easton, Pennsylvania, where German settlers purportedly erected a Christmas tree in 1816. In his diary, Matthew Zahm of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, recorded the use of a Christmas tree in 1821, leading Lancaster to also lay claim to the first Christmas tree in America. Other accounts credit Charles Follen, a German immigrant to Boston, for being the first to introduce to America the custom of decorating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95496", "score": "1.0398202", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "William Lobb", "text": "claim to be first to introduce the tree to Britain, as a Scot, John Matthew, had taken some seed to Scotland four months earlier although he only distributed the seed among a few friends. The Victorians fell in love with the tree in much the same way as they had with the monkey-puzzle tree a few years earlier, using it as a specimen tree and often planting it to form avenues, including James Bateman who planted an avenue at Biddulph Grange, alternating \"Wellingtonia\" with monkey-puzzle trees. There is a good example of the tree in the garden of the manager’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12823100", "score": "1.0394223", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Christmas tree production in the United States", "text": "tree market was born, from which he sold all the trees. Though Christmas trees have been sold commercially in the United States since Carr's 1851 journey from the Catskills, the first American Christmas tree farm was not established until about 50 years later. Until then, most U.S. Christmas trees were entirely harvested from forests. In the 21st century, worldwide, 98 percent of all live Christmas trees sold are grown on Christmas tree farms. The market for natural Christmas trees in the United States began to tumble when an oversupply during the late 1980s through the mid-1990s sent prices downward. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10859976", "score": "1.0340658", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "brightly lit form. In the early 19th century, the custom became popular among the nobility and spread to royal courts as far as Russia. Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg introduced the Christmas tree to Vienna in 1816, and the custom spread across Austria in the following years. In France, the first Christmas tree was introduced in 1840 by the duchesse d'Orléans. In Denmark a Danish newspaper claims that the first attested Christmas tree was lit in 1808 by countess Wilhemine of Holsteinborg. It was the aging countess who told the story of the first Danish Christmas tree to the Danish writer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95486", "score": "1.032406", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Christmas decoration", "text": "triangular shape, which he said was symbolic of the Trinity. However, the English-language phrase \"Christmas tree\" is first recorded in 1835 and represents an importation from the German language. From Germany the custom was introduced to England, first via Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, and then more successfully by Prince Albert during the early reign of Queen Victoria. The influential 1840s image of the Queen's decorated evergreen was republished in the U.S, and as the first widely circulated picture of a decorated Christmas tree in America, the custom there spread. Christmas trees may be decorated with lights and ornaments.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5581188", "score": "1.0308344", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Trafalgar Square", "text": "Authority in conjunction with the charity Unicef, who began ticketing the event to control crowd numbers. A Christmas ceremony has been held in the square every year since 1947. A Norway spruce (or sometimes a fir) is presented by Norway's capital city, Oslo as London's Christmas tree, a token of gratitude for Britain's support during World War II. (Besides war-time support, Norway's Prince Olav and the country's government lived in exile in London throughout the war.) The Christmas tree is decorated with lights that are switched on at a seasonal ceremony. It is usually held twelve days before Christmas Day.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721705", "score": "1.0276201", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Norway–United Kingdom relations", "text": "in London. Each year for the last 60 years Newcastle upon Tyne has received a Christmas tree as a gift from the people of Bergen, one of Newcastle’s twin cities. The impressive Norwegian spruce, standing at 45 feet tall, was personally felled by Gunnar Bakke who has been the mayor of Newcastle’s twin city since September 2007. Each year the tree is decorated in traditional Norwegian white lights and is a symbol of peace and goodwill. The people of Norway also send a tree to the town of Great Grimsby every Christmas since the end of World War II, for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13978930", "score": "1.0272315", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sorbus devoniensis", "text": "Sorbus devoniensis Sorbus devonensis is known by the English name of Devon whitebeam and locally as otmast. It is a species of whitebeam tree in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to the British Isles, growing wild only in areas of Devon, Cornwall, Somerset and Ireland. It did not exist before the last ice age, probably arising from a hybrid between the wild service tree and another whitebeam. It is a close relative of the No Parking whitebeam, \"Sorbus admonitor\", which occupies the same range and is known to hybridise with the Devon whitebeam. It will form a deciduous tree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14015790", "score": "1.0263638", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "became the first widely circulated picture of a decorated evergreen Christmas tree in America. Art historian Karal Ann Marling called Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, shorn of their royal trappings, \"the first influential American Christmas tree\". Folk-culture historian Alfred Lewis Shoemaker states, \"In all of America there was no more important medium in spreading the Christmas tree in the decade 1850–60 than \"Godey's Lady's Book\"\". The image was reprinted in 1860, and by the 1870s, putting up a Christmas tree had become even more common in America. Several cities in the United States with German connections lay claim to that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95495", "score": "1.0258018", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Christmas tree production in the United States", "text": "first Christmas tree farm in the United States is believed to have begun in 1901 when 25,000 Norway Spruce trees were planted by W. V. McGalliard in Mercer County, near Trenton, New Jersey. The trees were sold seven years later for US$1.00 each. Despite the early pioneers of the industry, by the late 1940s 90 percent of all natural Christmas trees sold in the United States were still harvested from forests. The most popular species during that era, Balsam Fir, Douglas-fir, Black Spruce and White Spruce, were all readily available from forests. Following World War II more trees began to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10859967", "score": "1.0215659", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Christmas tree", "text": "Christmas trees are variously erected on days such as the first day of Advent or even as late as Christmas Eve depending on the country; customs of the same faith hold that the two traditional days when Christmas decorations, such as the Christmas tree, are removed are Twelfth Night and, if they are not taken down on that day, Candlemas, the latter of which ends the Christmas-Epiphany season in some denominations. The Christmas tree is sometimes compared with the \"Yule-tree\", especially in discussions of its folkloric origins. Modern Christmas trees originated during the Renaissance of early modern Germany. Its 16th-century", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "95474", "score": "1.0113065", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "K'iche'" ]

[ { "title": "Multiculturalism", "text": "non-European city, alongside Montreal, on the index). Mexico is an ethnically diverse country with a population composed of approximately 123 million in 2017. There is a wide variety of ethnic groups, the major group being Mestizos followed by Indigenous Mexicans. There are many other ethnic groups such as Arab Mexicans, Afro-Mexicans, Asian Mexicans and White Mexicans. From the year 2000 to 2010, the number of people in Mexico that were born in another country doubled, reaching an amount of 961,121 people. Mostly coming from Guatemala and the United States. Mexico is quickly becoming a melting pot, with many immigrants coming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "629153", "score": "1.1048031", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Mexico", "text": "Between 2005 and 2010, the Mexican population grew at an average of 1.70% per year, up from 1.16% per year between 2000 and 2005. Even though Mexico is a very ethnically diverse country, research about ethnicity has largely been a forgotten field, in consequence of the post-revolutionary efforts of Mexico's government to unify all non-indigenous Mexicans under a single ethnic identity (that of the \"Mestizo\"). As a result, since 1930 the only explicit ethnic classification that has been included in Mexican censuses has been that of \"Indigenous peoples\". Even then, across the years the government has used different criteria to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7083229", "score": "1.0977325", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Amuzgos", "text": "Guerrero and Oaxaca, near the coast. The number of ethnic Amuzgos may be as high as 50,000, with about eighty percent living in the state of Guerrero. The Amuzgos are the largest indigenous group in their region but there are also communities of Mixtecs and Nahuas as well as mestizos and Afro-Mexicans. The main Amuzgo communities (in order) include Xochistlahuaca, Tlacoachistlahuaca, Cosuyoapan, Zacoalpa, Chochoapan, Huehuetono, El Pájaro, Las Minas, Cerro Bronco, Guadalupe Victoria, Guajentepec, and Pueblo Nuevo in Guerrero with San Pedro Amuzgos and Santa María Ipalapa in Oaxaca. Xochistlahuaca, Tlacoachistlahuca and Ometepec are from Nahuatl and mean \"place of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16465205", "score": "1.0917256", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "White people", "text": "people were all part of a small powerful elite, as Spaniards were often the most numerous ethnic group in the colonial cities and there were menial workers and people in poverty who were of complete Spanish origin. Another ethnic group in Mexico, the Mestizos, is composed of people with varying degrees of European and indigenous ancestry, with some showing a European genetic ancestry higher than 90%. However, the criteria for defining what constitutes a Mestizo varies from study to study as in Mexico a large number of white people have been historically classified as Mestizos because after the Mexican revolution", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1435338", "score": "1.0883548", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Asian Mexicans", "text": "Europeans and 250,000 Africans. These early individuals, the foundation of the \"cuarta raíz\", are not very apparent in modern Mexico for a few reasons: relatively small numbers, the widespread \"mestizaje\" (racial mixing) of Colonial Mexico and the common practice of \"Chino\" slaves to \"pass\" as \"Indios\" (the indigenous people of Mexico) in order to attain freedom. As had occurred with a large portion of Mexico's black population, over generations the Asian populace was absorbed into the general Mestizo population. Facilitating this miscegenation was the assimilation of Asians into the indigenous population. The indigenous people were legally protected from chattel slavery,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18345747", "score": "1.0836115", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Mexico", "text": "rather than on self-declared of ancestry). Less numerous groups in Mexico such as Asians and Middle Easterners are also accounted for. Out of all the ethnic groups that have recently been surveyed, that of Mestizos is notably absent, which may be consequence of the ethnic label's fluid and subjective definition, which complicates a precise calculation as well the tendency that Mexicans have to identify people with \"static\" ethnic labels rather than \"fluid\" ones. In the early 1960s, around 600,000 Mexicans lived abroad, which increased sevenfold by the 1990s to 4.4 million. At the turn of the 21st century, this figure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7083248", "score": "1.0831718", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jalisco", "text": "Tecoxines and Tecualmes. When the Spanish arrived the main ethnic groups were the Cazcanes, who inhabited the northern regions near Teocalteche and the Lagos de Morenos, and the Huichols, who inhabited the northwest near Huejúcar and Colotlán. Other groups included the Guachichil in the Los Altos area, the Nahuatl speaking Cuyutecos in the west, the Tecuexes and Cocas near what is now Guadalajara, and the Guamares in the east near the Guanajuato border. Shortly after the conquest of the Aztecs in 1521, the Spanish pushed west. They overpowered the Purépecha in Michoacán, converting their capital of Tzintzuntzan as a base", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11636269", "score": "1.0825603", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Mexico", "text": "that exist in Mexico. In recent times the Mexican government has decided to conduct new ethnic surveys and censuses, also widening the criteria to classify the ethnicities who were already considered such as the Indigenous Mexican one, which was previously reserved to people who lived in indigenous communities or spoke an indigenous language. According to these recent surveys, Indigenous peoples amount to 23% of Mexico's population (including people who declared to be partially indigenous), Afro-Mexicans are 2% of Mexico's population (including people who declared to be partially African) and European Mexicans amount to 47% of Mexico's population (based on appearance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7083247", "score": "1.0819976", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Indigenous peoples of Mexico", "text": "Indigenous peoples of Mexico Indigenous peoples of Mexico (), Native Mexicans (), or Mexican Native Americans (), are those who are part of communities that trace their roots back to populations and communities that existed in what is now Mexico prior to the arrival of Europeans. According to the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (\"Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas\", or CDI in Spanish) and the INEGI (official census institute), in 2015, 25,694,928 people in Mexico self-identify as being indigenous of many different ethnic groups, which constitute 21.5% of Mexico's population. In the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7080653", "score": "1.0779307", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Maya peoples", "text": "The Q'eqchi' live in lowland areas of Alta Vera Paz, Peten, and Western Belize. Over the course of the succeeding centuries a series of land displacements, re-settlements, persecutions and migrations resulted in a wider dispersal of Q'eqchi' communities, into other regions of Guatemala (Izabal, Petén, El Quiché). They are the 2nd largest ethnic Maya group in Guatemala (after the K'iche') and one of the largest and most widespread throughout Central America.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Costa Chica of Guerrero", "text": "as escaped slaves. The Afro-Mexican presence in Guerrero is strongest in this region, especially in the coastal municipalities from Marquelia to Cuajinicuilapa. Another important ethnic group is the Amuzgo, who are by far the largest indigenous ethnicity in the region, in the municipalities of Xochistlahuaca, Tlacoachistlahuaca and Ometepec. The Amuzgo, especially in Xochistlahuca, still wear traditional clothing and speak the Amuzgo language. Many women still weave cloth on backstrap looms. The region is one of the poorest in Mexico, with an economy based on subsistence agriculture and fishing, with some commerce, especially along Highway 200, which parallels the coast. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11620040", "score": "1.0735801", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Mestizos in Mexico", "text": "by 1930 racial identities other than \"Indigenous\" disappeared from the Mexican census, however at an institutional level all Mexicans who did not speak indigenous languages where now considered to be Mestizos, transforming what once was a racial identity into a cultural one. In consequence, today people of very different phenotypes make up the Mestizo population in Mexico independently of whether they are mixed race or not. However, since the term carries a variety of socio-cultural, economic, racial, and genetic meanings, estimates of the Mexican Mestizo population vary widely. According to the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\", which uses as base the results of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17599989", "score": "1.0719218", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Indigenous peoples of Mexico", "text": "and Tzotzil Maya; Hidalgo with 36.21%, the majority being Otomi; Puebla with 35.28%, and Guerrero with 33.92%, mostly Nahua people and the states of San Luis Potosí and Veracruz both home to a population of 19% indigenous people, mostly from the Totonac, Nahua and Teenek (Huastec) groups. The majority of the indigenous population is concentrated in the central and southern states. According to the CDI, the states with the greatest percentage of indigenous population as of 2015 are: In 2011 a large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans revealed 85 to 90% of maternal mtDNA lineages are of Native American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7080695", "score": "1.0717012", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mexicans", "text": "population of Tlapa in the state of Guerrero that despite for the most part speaking Spanish and having the same cultural customs non-indigenous Mexicans have, shows an indigenous ancestry of 95%. In contrast, Nahua-speaking Indigenous peoples from the state of Veracruz have a mean European ancestry of 42% and an African ancestry of 22%. The Mestizaje ideology, which has blurred the lines of race at an institutional level has also had a significative influence in genetic studies done in Mexico: As the criteria used in studies to determine if a Mexican is Mestizo or indigenous often lies in cultural traits", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3123915", "score": "1.0699136", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mestizos in Mexico", "text": "the comparatively high Asian contribution in Northwest Mexico (i.e., Sonora). The INMEGEN report also notes that on average, the largest genetic component of the self-identified Mestizo Mexicans is indigenous, while African and Asian genetic markers are diminishing with each generation and will continue to do so without new migration. For example, there were an estimated 600,000 \"Afromestizos\" or Mestizos of significant African descent at the end of the colonial period which roughly amounted to 10% of the population (Euromestizos and indomestizos were estimeted at 1,000,000 and 600,000 respectively) while as of 2015, the number of self identified Afro-Mexicans was 1.38", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17600001", "score": "1.0695593", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mexico", "text": "a substantial number of Arabs (mostly Christians) began arriving from the crumbling Ottoman Empire. The largest group were the Lebanese and an estimated 400,000 Mexicans have some Lebanese ancestry. Smaller ethnic groups in Mexico include South and East Asians, present since the colonial era. During the colonial era Asians were termed \"Chino\" (regardless of ethnicity), and arrived as merchants, artisans and slaves. The largest group were Filipinos and some 200,000 Mexicans can trace Filipino ancestry. Modern Asian immigration began in the late 19th century and at one point in the early 20th century, the Chinese were the second largest immigrant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7083242", "score": "1.0694077", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Indigenous peoples of Mexico", "text": "article of its Constitution, Mexico is defined as a \"pluricultural\" nation in recognition of the diverse ethnic groups that constitute it and where the indigenous peoples are the original foundation. The number of indigenous Mexicans is judged using the political criteria found in the 2nd article of the Mexican constitution. The Mexican census does not report racial-ethnicity but only the cultural-ethnicity of indigenous communities that preserve their indigenous languages, traditions, beliefs and cultures. The category of \"indigena\" (indigenous) can be defined narrowly according to linguistic criteria including only persons that speak one of Mexico's 89 indigenous languages, this is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7080654", "score": "1.067354", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Zacateco", "text": "assimilation and mestizaje of the Mexican people. However many of their direct descendants still live in large concentrations in central Mexico. Taking all this into account, it is extremely difficult to even approximate the population of their descendants. It is equally hard to elaborate on their culture, language, art, and traditions. Zacateco The Zacatecos (or Zacatecas) is the name of an indigenous group, one of the peoples called Chichimecas by the Aztecs. They lived in most of what is now the state of Zacatecas and the northeastern part of Durango. They have many direct descendants, but most of their culture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7582862", "score": "1.0659803", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Mestizos in Mexico", "text": "best qualities of each and that for Mexico to finally achieve prosperity all of the country’s population had to become Mestizo. By the 1930 census, the racial classifications of “White” and “Mestizo” disappeared, however implicitly all Mexicans who did not speak an indigenous language were now considered to be Mestizos. The government also implemented cultural policies designed to \"help\" indigenous peoples achieve the same level of progress as the Mestizo society, eventually assimilating indigenous peoples completely to mainstream Mexican culture, aiming to solve the \"Indian problem\" by transforming indigenous communities into Mestizo ones. The institutional enforcement of the Mestizaje ideology", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17599994", "score": "1.0651361", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Mexicans", "text": "with 32% of the population being indigenous, most of them Maya; Oaxaca with 58% of the population, the most numerous groups being the Mixtec and Zapotec peoples; Chiapas has 32.7%, the majority being Tzeltal and Tzotzil Maya; Hidalgo with 30.1%, the majority being Otomi; Puebla with 25.2%, and Guerrero with 22.6%, mostly Nahua people and the states of San Luis Potosí and Veracruz both home to a population of 19% indigenous people, mostly from the Totonac, Nahua and Teenek (Huastec) groups. An Arab Mexican is a Mexican citizen of Arabic-speaking origin who can be of various ancestral origins. The vast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3123885", "score": "1.0646061", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mestizos in Mexico", "text": "million (1.2% of the population). The Mestizaje ideology, which has blurred the lines of race at an institutional level has also had a significative influence in genetic studies done in Mexico: As the criteria used in studies to determine if a Mexican is Mestizo or indigenous often lies in cultural traits such as the language spoken instead of racial self-identification or a phenotype-based selection there are studies on which populations who are considered to be Indigenous per virtue of the language spoken such as Nahua peoples from the state of Veracruz show a higher degree of European genetic admixture than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17600002", "score": "1.0644789", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mexicans", "text": "21.5% of Mexico's population self-identified as being Indigenous or partially Indigenous. There are about 12 million Mexican nationals residing outside Mexico, with about 11.7 million living in the United States. The larger Mexican diaspora can also include individuals that trace ancestry to Mexico and self-identify as Mexican. The Mexican people have varied origins and an identity that has evolved with the succession of conquests among Amerindian groups and later by Europeans. The area that is now modern-day Mexico has cradled many predecessor civilizations, going back as far as the Olmec which influenced the latter civilizations of Teotihuacan (200 B.C. to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3123863", "score": "1.0631676", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Afro-Mexicans", "text": "the overall population of Mexico, irregular intermarriage with other Mexican ethnic groups, and Mexico's tradition of defining itself as a \"Mestizo\" country. Although mestizo etymologically means \"mixed\", the word is widely understood with the specific meaning of \"mixed Spanish and Amerindian.\" According to \"The Atlantic Slave Trade\" an estimated 200,000 enslaved Africans disembarked in New Spain, which later became modern Mexico. From the beginning, the slaves, who were mostly male, intermarried with indigenous women. In some cases Spanish colonists had unions with female slaves. Spanish colonists created an elaborate racial caste system, classifying people by racial mixture. This system broke", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15336739", "score": "1.0631121", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Mestizo", "text": "instead of mestizo. Due to the extensiveness of the modern definition of Mestizo, various publications offer different estimations of this group, some try to use a biological, racial perspective and calculate the Mestizo population in contemporary Mexico as being around a half and two thirds of the population, while others use the culture-based definition, and estimate the percentage of Mestizos as high as 90% of the Mexican population, several others mix-up both due lack of knowledge in regards to the modern definition and assert that mixed race Mexicans are as much as 93% of Mexico's population. Paradoxically to its wide", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1416930", "score": "1.0628378", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mestizos in Mexico", "text": "Mestizos in Mexico In Mexico, the term Mestizo (lit. mixed) is used to refer to an ethnic group that can be defined by different criteria, namely a cultural criterion (the language spoken) or a more strict biological criterion. Because of this, estimates of the number of Mestizos in Mexico do vary. The meaning of the word \"Mestizo\" has changed over time. The word was originally used in the colonial era to refer to individuals who were of half-Spanish and half-Amerindian ancestry and it was one of the many extant castes used to classify individuals. While the caste system and racial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17599987", "score": "1.062744", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mexicans of European descent", "text": "time the Mexican Government conducted a comprehensive racial census with the breakdown by states being the following (foreigners and people who answered \"other\" not included): When the 1921 census's results are compared with the results of Mexico's recent censuses as well as with modern genetic research, high consistence is found in regards to the distribution of Indigenous Mexicans across the country, with states located in south and south-eastern Mexico having both, the highest percentages of population that self-identifies as Indigenous and the highest percentages of Amerindian genetic ancestry. However this is not the case when it comes to European Mexicans,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11163756", "score": "1.0626833", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mexicans", "text": "2006 study conducted by Mexico's National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), which genotyped 104 samples, reported that mestizo Mexicans are 58.96% European, 35.05% \"Asian\" (primarily Amerindian), and 5.03% Other. Of the six states that participated in the Study, the state of Sonora showed the highest European ancestry being approximately 70% while the State of Guerrero presented the lowest European ancestry, at around 50%. According to a 2009 report by the Mexican Genome Project, which sampled 300 Mexicans who self-identified as Mestizos from six Mexican states and one indigenous group, the gene pool of the Mexicans population was calculated to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3123917", "score": "1.0602578", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Mexico", "text": "caste system which led to exclusion of racial classification in the censuses to come. According to Mexico's second census ever that considered race, made right after the Mexican revolution in 1921, 59% of Mexico's population was Mestizo, 29% was Indigenous and only 9% was European, with Mestizos being the most numerous ethno-racial group in almost all the states. For a long time this census' results were taken as fact, with extraofficial international publications such as \"The World Factbook\" and Encyclopædia Britannica using them as a reference to estimate Mexico's racial composition up to this day. In recent time nonetheless, Mexican", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7083245", "score": "1.058423", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Race and ethnicity in Latin America", "text": "has been a tendency of talking about indigenous peoples in terms of ethnicity, about Afro-minorities and white socio-economic privilege in terms of race, and about mestizos in tems of national identity. It is now however becoming recognized that processes of identity formation and social stratification in regards to all population groups in Mexico can be analyzed both in terms of race and of ethnicity. The large majority of Mexicans classify themselves as \"Mestizos\", meaning that they neither identify fully with any indigenous culture or with a particular non-Mexican heritage, but rather identify as having cultural traits and heritage that is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15026019", "score": "1.0583335", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mexico", "text": "regions have the highest European populations, with the majority of the people not having native admixture or being of predominantly European ancestry. The Afro-Mexican population (1,381,853 individuals ) is an ethnic group made up of descendants of Colonial-era slaves and recent immigrants of sub-Saharan African descent. Mexico had an active slave trade during the colonial period and some 200,000 Africans were taken there, primarily in the 17th century. The creation of a national Mexican identity, especially after the Mexican Revolution, emphasized Mexico's indigenous and European past; it passively eliminated the African ancestors and contributions. Most of the African-descended population was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7083240", "score": "1.0560752", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "in the duodenum", "the duodenum" ]

[ { "title": "Iron overload", "text": "heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron is the most easily absorbed form of iron. People with iron overload may be advised to avoid food that are high in heme iron. Highest in heme iron is red meat such as beef, venison, lamb, buffalo, and fish such as bluefin tuna. A strict low iron diet is usually not necessary. Non-heme iron is not as easily absorbed in the human system and is found in plant-based foods like grains, beans, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. Medication: For those unable to tolerate routine blood draws, there are chelating agents available for use.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2860432", "score": "0.9102421", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Human iron metabolism", "text": "absorption of dietary iron is a variable and dynamic process. The amount of iron absorbed compared to the amount ingested is typically low, but may range from 5% to as much as 35% depending on circumstances and type of iron. The efficiency with which iron is absorbed varies depending on the source. Generally the best-absorbed forms of iron come from animal products. Absorption of dietary iron in iron salt form (as in most supplements) varies somewhat according to the body’s need for iron, and is usually between 10% and 20% of iron intake. Absorption of iron from animal products, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6614135", "score": "0.90550816", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Iron-binding proteins", "text": "in heme is much more bio-available to humans (15-35% absorbed), so meats can be a powerful source of dietary iron. Non-heme iron is generally only 2-20% absorbed. However, most iron in an average human's diet comes from non-heme sources simply because higher amounts of plant based foods are consumed. Iron is held onto tightly by the body, and the only way for humans to expel extra iron is through blood loss. Therefore, iron is regulated at uptake, where a relatively low proportion of iron is absorbed. Hepcidin is a hormonal regulator of iron uptake in the intestine. On intestinal cell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8253874", "score": "0.87217575", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Copper in health", "text": "be differences among species with respect to the site of maximal absorption. Copper is absorbed from the stomach and duodenum in rats and from the lower small intestine in hamsters. The site of maximal copper absorption is not known for humans, but is assumed to be the stomach and upper intestine because of the rapid appearance of Cu64 in the plasma after oral administration. Absorption of copper ranges from 15–97%, depending on copper content, form of the copper, and composition of the diet. Various factors influence copper absorption. For example, copper absorption is enhanced by ingestion of animal protein, citrate,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15007251", "score": "0.8697669", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Fexofenadine", "text": "p-gp is inhibited, fexofenadine may be better absorbed by the body, increasing its plasma concentration by more than what was intended. Fexofenadine is not to be taken with apple, orange, or grapefruit juice because it could decrease absorption of the drug and should therefore be taken with water. Grapefruit juice can significantly reduce the plasma concentration of fexofenadine. Antacids containing aluminium or magnesium should not be taken within 15 minutes of fexofenadine as they reduce the absorption of fexofenadine by almost 50%. This is not thought to be due to a change in pH (in fact, absorption can actually \"increase\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3732940", "score": "0.86376286", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Iron", "text": "specifically fortified with iron. Iron provided by dietary supplements is often found as iron(II) fumarate, although iron(II) sulfate is cheaper and is absorbed equally well. Elemental iron, or reduced iron, despite being absorbed at only one-third to two-thirds the efficiency (relative to iron sulfate), is often added to foods such as breakfast cereals or enriched wheat flour. Iron is most available to the body when chelated to amino acids and is also available for use as a common iron supplement. Glycine, the cheapest and most common amino acid is most often used to produce iron glycinate supplements. The U.S. Institute", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "193671", "score": "0.8532154", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Human iron metabolism", "text": "blood, and most of the rest (approximately 2 grams in adult men, and somewhat less in women of childbearing age) is contained in ferritin complexes that are present in all cells, but most common in bone marrow, liver, and spleen. The liver's stores of ferritin are the primary physiologic source of reserve iron in the body. The reserves of iron in industrialized countries tend to be lower in children and women of child-bearing age than in men and in the elderly. Women who must use their stores to compensate for iron lost through menstruation, pregnancy or lactation have lower non-hemoglobin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6614131", "score": "0.8460361", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Human iron metabolism", "text": "enterocytes synthesize more Dcytb, DMT1 and ferroportin in response to iron deficiency anemia. Iron absorption from diet is enhanced in the presence of vitamin C and diminished by excess calcium, zinc, or manganese. The human body’s rate of iron absorption appears to respond to a variety of interdependent factors, including total iron stores, the extent to which the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, and the oxygen content of the blood. The body also absorbs less iron during times of inflammation, in order to deprive bacteria of iron. Recent discoveries demonstrate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6614139", "score": "0.84497315", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Coenzyme Q10", "text": "process in the human body involves secretion into the small intestine of pancreatic enzymes and bile, which facilitates emulsification and micelle formation required for absorption of lipophilic substances. Food intake (and the presence of lipids) stimulates bodily biliary excretion of bile acids and greatly enhances absorption of CoQ. Exogenous CoQ is absorbed from the small intestine and is best absorbed if taken with a meal. Serum concentration of CoQ in fed condition is higher than in fasting conditions. Data on the metabolism of CoQ in animals and humans are limited. A study with C-labeled CoQ in rats showed most of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "953899", "score": "0.8446943", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Human iron metabolism", "text": "Like most mineral nutrients, the majority of the iron absorbed from digested food or supplements is absorbed in the duodenum by enterocytes of the duodenal lining. These cells have special molecules that allow them to move iron into the body. To be absorbed, dietary iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as heme protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe form. A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes’ brush border, duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe to Fe. A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which can transport several divalent metals across the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Copper in health", "text": "primarily taken up by the liver. Once in the liver, copper is either incorporated into copper-requiring proteins, which are subsequently secreted into the blood. Most of the copper (70 – 95%) excreted by the liver is incorporated into ceruloplasmin, the main copper carrier in blood. Copper is transported to extra-hepatic tissues by ceruloplasmin, albumin and amino acids, or excreted into the bile. By regulating copper release, the liver exerts homeostatic control over extrahepatic copper. Bile is the major pathway for the excretion of copper and is vitally important in the control of liver copper levels. Most fecal copper results from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15007255", "score": "0.8445861", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Copper", "text": "well-absorbed as a copper source. Copper in the body normally undergoes enterohepatic circulation (about 5 mg a day, vs. about 1 mg per day absorbed in the diet and excreted from the body), and the body is able to excrete some excess copper, if needed, via bile, which carries some copper out of the liver that is not then reabsorbed by the intestine. The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) updated the estimated average requirements (EARs) and recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for copper in 2001. If there is not sufficient information to establish EARs and RDAs, an estimate designated Adequate Intake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1146008", "score": "0.8373022", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Selenomethionine", "text": "as selenium helps solve the phase problem in X-ray crystallography. Selenomethionine is readily available as a dietary supplement. It has been suggested by nutritionists that selenomethionine, which is an organic form of selenium, is easier for the human body to absorb than selenite, which is an inorganic form. It was determined in a clinical trial that selenomethionine is absorbed 19% better than selenite. Selenomethionine Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a naturally occurring amino acid. The L-selenomethionine enantiomer is the main form of selenium found in Brazil nuts, cereal grains, soybeans, and grassland legumes, while \"Se\"-methylselenocysteine, or its γ-glutamyl derivative, is the major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4654035", "score": "0.8365426", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "FepA", "text": "catechol, enterobactin is thought to also have a three-fold symmetry dissecting the metal center. Iron is not usually readily available in the environment this group of bacteria find themselves in. However iron is essential in sustaining life due to its role in co-enzymes of respiration and DNA synthesis, so bacteria must adapt to have a mechanism for intake of iron. Because Fe has a very low solubility, most of the Fe ions in the bacteria’s surrounding environment (e.g. soil) exist as iron oxides or hydroxides, and so the number of free Fe is low. Therefore, microbes have evolved to secret", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16293754", "score": "0.8363687", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ferulic acid", "text": "present: free ferulic acid has limited solubility in water, and hence poor bioavailability. In wheat grain, ferulic acid is found bound to cell wall polysaccharides, allowing it to be released and absorbed in the small intestine. Ferulic acid has been identified in Chinese medicine herbs such as \"Angelica sinensis\" (female ginseng), \"Cimicifuga heracleifolia\" and \"Ligusticum chuangxiong\". It is also found in the tea brewed from the European centaury (\"Centaurium erythraea\"), a plant used as a medical herb in many parts of Europe. Cooked sweetcorn releases increased levels of ferulic acid. As plant sterol esters, this compound is naturally found in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5976582", "score": "0.830619", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Biological value", "text": "previously thought possible, so while amino acid concentrations increased with whey it was discovered that oxidation rates also increased and a steady-state metabolism, a process where there is no change in overall protein balance, is created. They claim that when the human body consumes whey protein it is absorbed so rapidly that most of it is sent to the liver for oxidation. Hence they believe the reason so much is retained is that it is used for energy production, not protein synthesis. This would bring into question whether the method defines which proteins are more biologically utilizable. A further critique", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8539053", "score": "0.82653815", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ferulic acid", "text": "popcorn and bamboo shoots. It is a major metabolite of chlorogenic acids in humans along with caffeic and isoferulic acid, and is absorbed in the small intestine, whereas other metabolites such as dihydroferulic acid, feruloylglycine and dihydroferulic acid sulfate are produced from chlorogenic acid in the large intestine by the action of gut flora. In cereals, ferulic acid is localized in the bran – the hard outer layer of grain. In wheat, phenolic compounds are mainly found in the form of insoluble bound ferulic acid and may be relevant to resistance to wheat fungal diseases. The highest known concentration of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5976580", "score": "0.8231901", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Bodybuilding", "text": "soy, which is additionally avoided due to its claimed estrogenic properties. Still, some nutrition experts believe that soy, flax seeds and many other plants that contain the weak estrogen-like compounds or phytoestrogens can be used beneficially, as phytoestrogens compete with estrogens for receptor sites in the male body and can block its actions. This can also include some inhibition of pituitary functions while stimulating the P450 system (the system that eliminates hormones, drugs and metabolic waste product from the body) in the liver to more actively process and excrete excess estrogen. Cortisol decreases amino acid uptake by muscle, and inhibits", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "41066", "score": "0.82275707", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Iron deficiency", "text": "beans, leafy vegetables, pistachios, tofu, fortified bread, and fortified breakfast cereals. Iron from different foods is absorbed and processed differently by the body; for instance, iron in meat (heme-iron source) is more easily absorbed than iron in grains and vegetables (\"non-heme\" iron sources). Minerals and chemicals in one type of food may also inhibit absorption of iron from another type of food eaten at the same time. For example, oxalates and phytic acid form insoluble complexes which bind iron in the gut before it can be absorbed. Because iron from plant sources is less easily absorbed than the heme-bound iron", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1384727", "score": "0.8191946", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ruminant", "text": "fermentation with microbes, absorption of water (ions and minerals) and other fermented products, and also expelling waste. Fermentation continues in the large intestine in the same way as in the reticulorumen. Only small amounts of glucose are absorbed from dietary carbohydrates. Most dietary carbohydrates are fermented into VFAs in the rumen. The glucose needed as energy for the brain and for lactose and milk fat in milk production, as well as other uses, comes from nonsugar sources, such as the VFA propionate, glycerol, lactate, and protein. The VFA propionate is used for around 70% of the glucose and glycogen produced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1839614", "score": "0.817636", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Bisphenol F", "text": "it being found primarily in the digestive tract lumen and the liver. In pregnant rats, the BPF was also found in the uterus, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetuses, indicating that BPF is able to be absorbed into the reproductive tract and pass through the placental barrier in pregnant rats. BPF has been shown to be present in the environment and as a food contaminant. This results in a low level, chronic exposure for humans. Due to this chronic exposure and the estrogenic effects that BPA has been shown to have, studies on BPF have occurred and are still occurring, to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19542823", "score": "0.8133498", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Human iron metabolism", "text": "be absorbed as part of a protein such as heme protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe form. A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes’ brush border, duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe to Fe. A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which can transport several divalent metals across the plasma membrane, then transports iron across the enterocyte’s cell membrane into the cell. It the iron is bound to Heme it is instead transported across the apical membrane by Heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1). These intestinal lining cells can then either store the iron as ferritin,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6614137", "score": "0.8097967", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Human iron metabolism", "text": "which is accomplished by Fe binding to apoferritin (in which case the iron will leave the body when the cell dies and is sloughed off into feces), or the cell can release it into the body via the only known iron exporter in mammals, ferroportin. Hephaestin, a ferroxidase that can oxidize Fe to Fe and is found mainly in the small intestine, helps ferroportin transfer iron across the basolateral end of the intestine cells. In contrast, ferroportin is post-translationally repressed by hepcidin, a 25-amino acid peptide hormone. The body regulates iron levels by regulating each of these steps. For instance,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6614138", "score": "0.80801815", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Glucose paradox", "text": "small absorption of glucose. After the body's digestion of carbohydrates and the entering the circulatory system in the form of glucose, some will be absorbed directly into the muscle tissue and will be converted into lactic acid throughout the anaerobic energy system, rather than going directly to the liver and being converted into glycogen. The lactic acid is then taken and converted by the liver, forming the material for liver glycogen. The majority of the body's liver glycogen is produced indirectly, rather than directly from glucose in the blood. Under normal physiological conditions, glucose is a poor precursor compound and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20979079", "score": "0.80781054", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Zinc", "text": "absorption. Other sources include fortified food and dietary supplements in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies that found lower plasma zinc concentrations in the subjects who consumed zinc oxide and zinc carbonate than in those who took zinc acetate and sulfate salts. For fortification, however, a 2003 review recommended cereals (containing zinc oxide) as a cheap, stable source that is as easily absorbed as the more expensive forms. A 2005 study", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "466162", "score": "0.80644596", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Iron polymaltose", "text": "red blood cells' hemoglobin, thereby transporting oxygen in the blood. The utilization and absorption by the erythrocytes of the iron administered orally in the form of iron polymaltose complex is correlated with the absorption in the intestines, whereby the relative absorption decreases with increased dosage and the more severe the iron deficiency, the greater the Absorption. As with all oral iron preparations, only about 10-15% of the iron is absorbed. A dose of 100 mg of iron is thus necessary in order for 10 mg to be absorbed. After administration, the maximum absorption capacity is reached already after 30 minutes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20093256", "score": "0.8027009", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Sucrose", "text": "and fructose molecules are then rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. In bacteria and some animals, sucrose is digested by the enzyme invertase. Sucrose is an easily assimilated macronutrient that provides a quick source of energy, provoking a rapid rise in blood glucose upon ingestion. Sucrose, as a pure carbohydrate, has an energy content of 3.94 kilocalories per gram (or 17 kilojoules per gram). When large amounts of refined food that contain high percentages of sucrose are consumed, beneficial nutrients can be displaced from the diet, which can contribute to an increased risk for chronic disease. The rapidity with which sucrose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "610509", "score": "0.8005258", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "DMT1", "text": "to maintain iron homeostasis. DMT1 is also important in the absorption and transport of manganese (Mn). In the digestive tract, it is located on the apical membrane of enterocytes, where it carries out H coupled transport of divalent metal cations from the intestinal lumen into the cell. Iron is not only essential for the human body, it is required for all organisms in order for them to be able to grow. Iron also participates in many metabolic pathways. Iron deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia thus iron regulation is very crucial in the human body. The process of iron transportation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10268576", "score": "0.8000437", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Cat food", "text": "main function in metabolism is to operate as a coenzyme for essential carboxylation reactions throughout the body1 however it has also been shown to aid in the management of certain skin diseases in cats. Biotin is recommended by AAFCO to be included in feline diets at a minimum level of 0.07 mg/kg on a dry matter basis throughout all stages of development. Unlike humans, felines are able to utilize simple sugars glucose and galactose in a specialized pathway which occurs in the liver, referred to as the glucuronate pathway. This pathway ultimately produces the active form of vitamin C and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4024621", "score": "0.7992033", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Erythritol", "text": "sugar, does not cause tooth decay, and is partially absorbed by the body, excreted in urine and feces. Under U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling requirements, it has a caloric value of 0.2 kilocalories per gram (95% less than sugar and other carbohydrates), though nutritional labeling varies from country to country. Some countries, such as Japan and the United States, label it as zero-calorie; the European Union labels it 0 kcal/g. In the body, most erythritol is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine, and then for the most part excreted unchanged in the urine. About 10% enters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3162038", "score": "0.7944031", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "1993–94" ]

[ { "title": "1949–50 New York Rangers season", "text": "appearance in the Final since their Stanley Cup victory in 1940. Two games were played in Toronto as the circus had taken over Madison Square Garden in New York. New York's Don Raleigh scored two overtime winners and Detroit's Pete Babando scored the Cup-winning goal in overtime of game seven, the first time ever in which the stanley cup was won in extra frames in game seven. Detroit won the Cup without Gordie Howe, who was injured in the first game of the playoffs. As Stanley Cup runner-up, the Rangers would be awarded the O'Brien Cup, the last team to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11938460", "score": "1.2349527", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "1978–79 New York Rangers season", "text": "younger brother of Dave Maloney, a defenceman with the Rangers. Don Maloney would get into 28 games for the Rangers that season. The Rangers faced the defending champion Montreal Canadiens, who were making their fourth straight Stanley Cup Finals appearance. It was the Rangers' first appearance in the finals since the 1972 Stanley Cup Finals. The Canadiens would win the best-of-seven series four games to one, to win their fourth consecutive Stanley Cup. Key: Win Loss Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11118411", "score": "1.1897508", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "1950 Stanley Cup Finals", "text": "game of the playoffs. As Stanley Cup runner-up, the Rangers would be awarded the O'Brien Cup, the last team to win the trophy, at one time the National Hockey Association championship trophy, which was retired after the season. 1950 Stanley Cup Finals The 1950 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the New York Rangers and the Detroit Red Wings. It was the Rangers' first appearance in the Final since their Stanley Cup victory in 1940. The Red Wings would win the series 4–3 to mark their franchise's fourth Cup win, and first since 1943. This was the last Stanley Cup", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11045778", "score": "1.1845014", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of the New York Islanders", "text": "lost only three playoff games en route to defeating the Minnesota North Stars in five games to win the Stanley Cup. Butch Goring won the Conn Smythe Trophy. During their semi-final sweep of the Rangers, Islander fans began taunting the Rangers with a chant of \"1940!\" – referring to the Rangers' last Stanley Cup win in (the Rangers would not win the cup again until 1994). Fans in other NHL cities soon picked up the chant. In 1981–82 the Islanders won a then-record 15 straight games en route to a franchise-record 118 points, while Mike Bossy set a scoring record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20343782", "score": "1.1742537", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "History of the New York Rangers", "text": "to Toronto where the Maple Leafs won the next two games, tying the series 2–2. In Games 5 and 6, the Rangers won in overtime, taking the series four games to two to earn their third Stanley Cup. The Rangers would collapse by the mid-1940s, losing games by as much as 15–0 and having one goaltender with a 6.20 goals against average. They would miss the playoffs for five consecutive seasons before squeaking into the fourth and final playoff spot in 1948. They lost in the first round and would miss the playoffs again in 1949. In the 1950 finals,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8590301", "score": "1.1714774", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs", "text": "Eastern Conference Finals, with New York prevailing in seven games, en route to winning the 1994 Stanley Cup. The Devils reached the Conference Finals for the first time since beating the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, while the Rangers reached the Conference Finals for the first time since 1997, when they lost to rival Philadelphia Flyers. The Rangers scored three unanswered goals in the third period, and goaltender Henrik Lundqvist stopped all 21 New Jersey shots, to take game one, 3–0. In game two, David Clarkson's score early in the third period broke a 2–2", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15527882", "score": "1.1591463", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1939–40 New York Rangers season", "text": "Rangers won a critical Game five 2–1 in overtime on Muzz Patrick's overtime goal. In Game 6 it would take overtime again as the Rangers won their 3rd Stanley Cup on Bryan Hextall's goal 2:33 into OT. Following the season the Rangers would celebrate buying out their lease at Madison Square Garden by burning the lease in the historic Stanley Cup, a move that would take on greater mystery in coming years. The final series between the Rangers and the Maple Leafs was an exciting one that went back and forth with three overtime games. The Rangers took the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11237319", "score": "1.1579556", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "1939–40 New York Rangers season", "text": "two at home and the Leafs took the next two in Toronto. The circus forced the Rangers to vacate Madison Square Garden after the first two games. The Rangers would score three game-winning goals in overtime, including the Cup winner. Lynn and Murray Patrick played for the Rangers, and became the third and fourth members of the Patrick family to win the Stanley Cup. Bryan Hextall scored in overtime in the final game to give the Rangers their 3rd Stanley Cup and last until . Key: Win Loss Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11237320", "score": "1.1536987", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "1998–99 New York Rangers season", "text": "1998–99 New York Rangers season The 1998–99 New York Rangers season was the 73rd season for the franchise. The Rangers missed the playoffs for a second consecutive season in what was Wayne Gretzky's final season in the National Hockey League. Wayne Gretzky's last NHL game in Canada was on April 16, 1999, in a 2–2 tie with the Ottawa Senators. His 1,487th and final game was a 2–1 overtime loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins which had Jaromir Jagr, a future Ranger captain, scoring the game-winning goal on April 18, 1999, at Madison Square Garden. The national anthems in that game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11078354", "score": "1.1508269", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "New York Rangers", "text": "The Rangers are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area, along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders. The club is also one of the oldest teams in the NHL, having joined in 1926 as an expansion franchise. They are part of the group of teams referred to as the Original Six, along with the Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs. The Rangers were the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the Stanley Cup, which they have done four times, most recently in 1993–94.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "New York Rangers", "text": "history to defeat Pittsburgh in seven games. They then defeated the Montreal Canadiens in six games to become the Eastern Conference champions, moving on to the Stanley Cup finals for the first time in 20 years. In the finals, they faced the Los Angeles Kings, the Western Conference champions and champions in 2012. The Rangers led the first two games by two goals and eventually fell in overtime, and were then shut-out at home 3–0 in Game 3. The Kings outshot the Rangers in Game 4, but the Rangers staved off elimination by winning the game 2–1 to force a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "758277", "score": "1.1437774", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "1932–33 New York Rangers season", "text": "Cup in New York Rangers history. The Rangers, led by brothers Bill and Bun Cook on the right and left wings, respectively, and Frank Boucher at center, would defeat the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1932–33 best-of-five finals, three games to one, to win their second Stanley Cup, exacting revenge on the Leafs' \"Kid line\" of Busher Jackson, Joe Primeau, and Charlie Conacher. After game one, the Rangers would vacate Madison Square Garden for the circus. Bill Cook would become the first player to score a Cup-winning goal in overtime. Rookie goalie Andy Aitkenhead would post the fourth shutout by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11360880", "score": "1.1424326", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Bob Cole (sportscaster)", "text": "history, was simulcast on CBC and CTV while Cole called the game on CBC Radio), in which the New York Rangers won their first Stanley Cup in 54 years, beating the Vancouver Canucks, another moment Cole himself called: \"The New York Rangers have done it here on a hot June night in New York! The Rangers are Stanley Cup Champions!\" Cole's long time colour commentator on \"HNIC\" was Harry Neale. They were first teamed up in the 1986-87 season. From 1987 to 2007, they broadcast 20 Stanley Cup Finals together. Prior to that, his usual partners included Gary Dornhoefer, Mickey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2801774", "score": "1.1417246", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2014 Stanley Cup playoffs", "text": "the Rangers's Ryan McDonagh's skate and into the net to give the Canadiens a 2–1 lead. New York then tied the game at 19:31 of the third period after Dan Girardi's shot deflected of off Chris Kreider and bounced off of Montreal's Alexei Emelin's skate into the net. And finally, 72 seconds into overtime, Tomas Plekanec's shot deflected off of Alex Galchenyuk into the New York net to give the Canadiens the 3–2 win. The Rangers won game four, 3–2, as Martin St. Louis scored 6:02 into overtime. The Canadiens then bounced back in game five, winning 7–4, as they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17334323", "score": "1.1415949", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "1994 Stanley Cup Finals", "text": "when they lost to the Edmonton Oilers. Mike Babcock would join him in this feat in while with the Detroit Red Wings, having been with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim when they lost to the New Jersey Devils in (the home team won all seven games of the series). The game at Madison Square Garden was an \"electric affair\" with the Rangers jumping to an early 2–0 lead. Canucks captain Trevor Linden, however, silenced the home crowd with a short-handed goal early in the second period. Mark Messier scored a third Ranger goal only to have Linden make it close", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9136188", "score": "1.1374171", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "New York Rangers", "text": "playoffs in 12 of the next 16 years. However, the team was rejuvenated in the late 1960s, symbolized by moving into the fourth version of Madison Square Garden in 1968. A year earlier, they made the playoffs for the first time in five years on the strength of rookie goaltender Eddie Giacomin and acquired 1950s Montreal Canadiens star right wing Bernie \"Boom Boom\" Geoffrion. The Rangers made the finals twice in the 1970s, but lost both times to two '70s powerhouses; in six games to the Boston Bruins in , who were led by such stars as Bobby Orr, Phil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "758237", "score": "1.1371324", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2010–11 New York Rangers season", "text": "of the Carolina Hurricanes vs. Tampa Bay Lightning game that night. The Lightning defeated the Hurricanes, securing the Rangers spot in the playoffs. (Both the New York Islanders and the New Jersey Devils missed the 2011 playoffs; had the Rangers also failed to qualify, it would have marked the first time since 1966 that the Stanley Cup Playoffs did not feature a club from the New York metro area.) The Rangers qualified for the playoffs, after missing the playoffs last season for the first time since the lockout, as the #8 seed. They were defeated by the #1 seeded Washington", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591044", "score": "1.135615", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "1994–95 New York Rangers season", "text": "Doug Lidster and Esa Tikkanen sent to St. Louis with their former coach. The Rangers barely qualified for the playoffs in the shortened season, finishing one point ahead of the Florida Panthers for the last spot in the Eastern Conference. The team advanced to the second round of the playoffs, where they fell in a sweep to the Philadelphia Flyers. The Rangers faced the first-place Quebec Nordiques in the first round of the playoffs. They narrowly lost game 1 by a score of 5-4, as the Nordiques were powered by Joe Sakic's hat trick. New York came back in game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11166258", "score": "1.1340294", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Sam Rosen (sportscaster)", "text": "been widely popular among Rangers fans and a staple of any Rangers broadcast. However, his most memorable call was in 1994 when the Rangers won the Stanley Cup for the first time in 54 years: \"The waiting is over—the New York Rangers are the Stanley Cup Champions! And this one will last a lifetime!\" Rosen's call is usually the most often-played of that moment. It is still the highest-rated game in MSG Network history. Rosen was recognized before the Rangers-Islanders game on March 21, 2014, for thirty years of service with the MSG Network. They then did a special called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5862778", "score": "1.133515", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of the New York Rangers", "text": "in the 1928–29 finals and a few mediocre seasons in the early 1930s, the Rangers, led by brothers Bill and Bun Cook on the right and left wings, respectively, and Frank Boucher at center, would defeat the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1932–33 best-of-five finals, three games to one, to win their second Stanley Cup, exacting revenge on the Leafs' \"Kid line\" of Busher Jackson, Joe Primeau and Charlie Conacher. The Rangers would spend the rest of the 1930s playing close to .500 hockey until their next Stanley Cup win. Lester Patrick stepped down as head coach and was replaced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8590298", "score": "1.1302125", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2014 Stanley Cup Finals", "text": "the Kings had met in the post-season - this also being the most recent NHL season where it was possible for any two teams to meet in any round of the postseason. In 1981 the Rangers eliminated the Kings during the first round of the playoffs. This was New York's 11th appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, and they were seeking their fifth Cup championship overall and their first one since , 20 years earlier. Since their win in 1994, their only other post-season highlights were reaching the Conference Finals in 1997 and 2012. The Rangers entered the season after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17334334", "score": "1.1291698", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "History of the New York Rangers", "text": "then shut-out at home 3–0 in Game 3. The Kings outshot the Rangers in Game 4, but the Rangers staved off elimination by winning the game 2–1 to force a Game 5 in Los Angeles. They had another lead in Game 5, but after the game was tied and subsequently sent to overtime, Kings defenseman Alec Martinez scored with 5:17 left in the second overtime period to win the game for Los Angeles, 3–2, as well as the Stanley Cup. On June 20, 2014, a week after their season ended, the Rangers bought-out the remaining six years of Brad Richards'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8590350", "score": "1.1291566", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "History of the New York Rangers", "text": "The first was April 9, 2010, in New York, and the Rangers skated away with the victory, keeping their post-season hopes alive. The final game of the season would become the deciding game to determine who would make the playoffs. The Flyers peppered Rangers goaltender Henrik Lundqvist with 47 shots, but scored only once. The game went to a shootout, and the Flyers prevailed to move on to the playoffs despite the strong overall finish to the season by the Rangers. For the 2010–11 season, the Rangers waived defenseman Wade Redden and brought in several players to achieve more balanced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8590339", "score": "1.1286545", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "1994 Stanley Cup Finals", "text": "game, the Canucks again jumped out to an early lead, this time 2–0, before Mike Richter and Brian Leetch took over the game. Richter made some key saves to keep the game within reach, including one on a penalty shot against Pavel Bure, and Leetch picked up a goal and three assists as the Rangers won 4–2 to take a commanding 3–1 series lead. Most who entered Madison Square Garden for the fifth game thought they were going to see the Rangers win the Cup that night. New York had already set the date for a victory parade. However, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9136185", "score": "1.1279922", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2012–13 New York Rangers season", "text": "it for the Rangers Two days later, the Rangers hosted the Philadelphia Flyers. Ryan Callahan scored a pair of goals in the first period, and Rick Nash scored two in the third to lead the Rangers to a 4–2 victory. On March 7, the Rangers played the Islanders in Nassau Coliseum. Nash scored a late goal to prevent a 1–0 loss, and the game went to overtime. Rangers connected on the power play and Marian Gaborik found the perfect time to get out of his scoring slump. The next day, Rangers lost 3–2 to the Ottawa Senators at home. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16554585", "score": "1.1278617", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "New York Rangers", "text": "6, the Rangers won in overtime, taking the series four games to two to earn their third Stanley Cup. However, the Rangers collapsed by the mid-1940s, losing games by as much as 15–0 and having one goaltender post a 6.20 goals against average (GAA). They missed the playoffs for five consecutive seasons before they earned the fourth and final playoff spot in 1948. They lost in the first round and missed the playoffs again in 1948–49 season. In the 1950 Stanley Cup finals, the Rangers were forced to play all of their games on the road (home games in Toronto)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "758235", "score": "1.1277825", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "History of the New York Rangers", "text": "on the board of directors to exercise \"de facto\" control. The Rangers missed the playoffs in 12 of the next 16 seasons. However, the team was rejuvenated in the late 1960s, symbolized by moving into a newly-rebuilt Madison Square Garden in 1968. A year earlier, they had made the playoffs for the first time in five years on the strength of rookie goaltender Eddie Giacomin and acquired 1950s Montreal Canadiens star right wing Bernie \"Boom Boom\" Geoffrion. The Rangers made the Finals twice in the 1970s, but lost both times to two 1970s powerhouses; in six games to the Boston", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8590303", "score": "1.127746", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "History of the New York Rangers", "text": "Garden, and were captured on film. Leetch became the first American-born player to win the Conn Smythe Trophy, the first non-Canadian to win it, and Keenan avoided being the first coach to lose Game 7 Stanley Cup Finals with two teams. However, this unfortunate fate would befall Babcock in 2009 when the Red Wings lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins, in-state rivals of the Flyers. The Rangers winning this Stanley Cup was the highest-rated single CBC Sports program in history to that point (now that distinction belongs to the men's ice hockey gold medal game between Canada and the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8590320", "score": "1.1274683", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "History of the New York Rangers", "text": "with 41 goals and 76 points while playing all 82 games. However, the Rangers missed-out on the Presidents' Trophy on the final day of the season to the Vancouver Canucks after a 4–1 loss to Washington. In the first round of the playoffs, the Rangers faced the eighth-seeded Ottawa Senators. After falling behind 3–2 in the series, the Rangers bounced back to win Game 6 in Ottawa, as well as the deciding Game 7 at home, propelling them to the Conference Semi-finals. In the Semi-finals, the Rangers faced the Capitals. In Game 3, Gaborik received a pass from Brad Richards", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8590344", "score": "1.1266205", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2011–12 New York Rangers season", "text": "win in their 80th game of the season. The Rangers had been in first place in the Conference since December 30, 2011. It was the first title of either kind for the Rangers since winning the 1994 Stanley Cup. On May 2, 2012, Marian Gaborik scored 14:41 into the third overtime of Game 3 of the Eastern Conference Semifinals to defeat the Washington Capitals 2–1 at the Verizon Center. This was longest playoff game for the Rangers since April 29, 1971, when Pete Stemkowski scored in the third overtime for a 3–2 win in Game 6 of the 1971 Semifinals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15372973", "score": "1.1263268", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "June 1992", "1992" ]

[ { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "their technology team. In April 2017, Schultz became executive chairman of Starbucks with Johnson becoming President and CEO. Starbucks maintains control of production processes by communicating with farmers to secure beans, roasting its own beans, and managing distribution to all retail locations. Additionally, Starbucks' Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices require suppliers to inform Starbucks what portion of wholesale prices paid reaches farmers. In 1994, Starbucks bought The Coffee Connection, gaining the rights to use, make, market, and sell the \"Frappuccino\" beverage. The beverage was introduced under the Starbucks name in 1995 and as of 2012, Starbucks had annual Frappuccinos sales", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516470", "score": "1.0695312", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Peet's Coffee", "text": "Schultz, Starbucks' new owner, entered into a four-year non-compete agreement in the Bay Area. In 2001, the company was incorporated as Peet's Coffee and Tea Company and had its initial public offering. The company was listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol PEET, and 3.3 million shares were sold at $8 a share. Shares climbed to $9.38 and the company raised $26.4 million. Peet's opened a roasting plant in Alameda in 2007. This new location replaced the former operations in Emeryville, California, and is the nation's first LEED Gold Certified roastery. In 2012, Peet's was taken private when it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4469601", "score": "1.0585108", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "Seattle in the early 1980s. Despite an initial economic downturn with its expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia in the late 1980s, the company experienced revitalized prosperity with its entry into California in the early 1990s. The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996; overseas properties now constitute almost one-third of its stores. The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007. On December 1, 2016, Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective April 2017 and would be replaced by Kevin Johnson. Johnson assumed the role of CEO", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516452", "score": "1.0384623", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Howard Schultz", "text": "offering and trading of its common stock under the stock ticker NASDAQ-NMS: SBUX. The offering was done by Alex, Brown & Sons Inc. and Wertheim Schroder & Co. Inc. On June 1, 2000, Schultz stepped down as CEO of Starbucks, moving to the new position of chief global strategist to help the company expand internationally. Privately, the previous 18 years of intensive work to grow the company had exhausted him. On January 8, 2008 Schultz returned as CEO of Starbucks after an eight-year hiatus. Although the company was growing, that growth was largely dependent on opening new stores, while same-store", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3287453", "score": "1.0338959", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "on April 3, 2017, and Howard Schultz retired to become Chairman Emeritus effective June 26, 2018. In 2018, Starbucks expanded its partnership with Uber Eats to bring its beverages to US customers' doorsteps, as it had already done for some time in China. The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 31, 1971, by three partners who met while they were students at the University of San Francisco: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker were inspired to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment by coffee roasting entrepreneur Alfred Peet after he taught them", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516453", "score": "1.0245014", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Orin C. Smith", "text": "as CFO then COO and finally CEO, Starbucks expanded to more than 10,000 locations worldwide and more than $5 billion in sales. Smith led Starbucks to link coffee production to the protection of rain forests. Smith retired from Starbucks in 2005 and later became a director of Nike, Inc. and The Walt Disney Company. He was elected Independent Lead Director of The Walt Disney Company on March 13, 2012. He also served as Chairman of the Starbucks Foundation, Vice Chairman of the University of Washington Board of Regents and member of the Conservation International Board of Directors. Smith graduated from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6923044", "score": "1.0201755", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "coffee in the US were falling, but sales of specialty coffee increased, forming 10% of the market in 1989, compared with 3% in 1983. By 1986, the company operated six stores in Seattle and had only just begun to sell espresso coffee. In 1987, the original owners sold the Starbucks chain to former manager Howard Schultz, who rebranded his Il Giornale coffee outlets as Starbucks and quickly began to expand. In the same year, Starbucks opened its first locations outside Seattle at Waterfront Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Chicago, Illinois. By 1989, 46 stores existed across the Northwest and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516456", "score": "1.0168118", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "talked about making sure growth does not dilute the company's culture Howard Schultz served as the company's CEO until 2000. Orin C. Smith was President and CEO of Starbucks from 2001 to 2005. In January 2008, Schultz resumed his roles as President and CEO after an eight-year hiatus, replacing Jim Donald, who took the posts in 2005 but was asked to step down after sales slowed in 2007. Schultz aims to restore what he calls the \"distinctive Starbucks experience\" in the face of rapid expansion. Analysts believe that Schultz must determine how to contend with higher materials prices and enhanced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516468", "score": "1.013798", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "Video of the week on the Food Consumer website. Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide. Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee. Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons. Starbucks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516541", "score": "1.0131333", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "At the time of its initial public offering (IPO) on the stock market in June 1992, Starbucks had 140 outlets, with a revenue of US$73.5 million, up from US$1.3 million in 1987. The company's market value was US$271 million by this time. The 12% portion of the company that was sold raised around US$25 million for the company, which facilitated a doubling of the number of stores over the next two years. By September 1992, Starbucks' share price had risen by 70% to over 100 times the earnings per share of the previous year.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Reshoring", "text": "not thousands of jobs were created or reinstated. In the case of Starbucks, in 2012 it saved American Mug and Stein Company in East Liverpool, Ohio from bankruptcy. Initially only twelve people were put back to work but it was just the beginning for Starbucks. CEO Howard Schultz was compelled to take action; he teamed up with Opportunity Finance Network to found Create Jobs for USA. He seeded the foundation with an initial grant of $5 million. Later that year Starbucks announced that they are building another manufacturing facility in Georgia that will employ 140 people. Although they originally only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18179288", "score": "1.0127134", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide. Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee. Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons. Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516450", "score": "1.0098828", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jerry Baldwin", "text": "Jerry Baldwin Gerald \"Jerry\" Baldwin is an American businessman, who along with Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegl founded Starbucks in Seattle in 1971. Jerry Baldwin learned the coffee trade from Alfred Peet, whose store Peet's Coffee & Tea was the inspiration for Starbucks. Starbucks purchased roasted coffee beans from Peet's during its first year of operation. In 1984 Peet's was put up for sale; Baldwin led a group of investors that purchased the company. In 1987 he sold his interests in Starbucks. Baldwin was Chairman of Peet's until 2001 when Peet's became a publicly traded company; he now holds the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5485653", "score": "1.0067539", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "competition from lower-price fast food chains, including McDonald's and Dunkin' Donuts. Starbucks announced it would discontinue the warm breakfast sandwich products they originally intended to launch nationwide in 2008 and refocus on coffee, but they reformulated the sandwiches to deal with complaints and kept the product line. , the chief operating officer of Starbucks was Troy Alstead, though at that time he announced he was taking an extended leave of absence of undetermined length. Subsequently, Kevin Johnson was appointed to succeed Alstead as president and COO. In October 2015, Starbucks hired its first Chief Technology Officer, Gerri Martin-Flickinger, to lead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516469", "score": "1.0044062", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "were made to date. As of 2018, Starbucks is ranked 132nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue. The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo, Japan, in 1996. On December 4, 1997, the Philippines became the third market to open outside North America with its first branch in the country located at 6750 Ayala Building in Makati City, Philippines. Starbucks entered the U.K. market in 1998 with the $83 million USD acquisition of the then 56-outlet, UK-based Seattle Coffee Company, re-branding all the stores as Starbucks. In September 2002, Starbucks opened", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516459", "score": "1.003761", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "and Torrefazione Italia from AFC Enterprises for $72m. The deal only gained 150 stores for Starbucks, but according to the \"Seattle Post-Intelligencer,\" the wholesale business was more significant. In September 2006, rival Diedrich Coffee announced that it would sell most of its company-owned retail stores to Starbucks. This sale included the company-owned locations of the Oregon-based Coffee People chain. Starbucks converted the Diedrich Coffee and Coffee People locations to Starbucks, although the Portland International Airport Coffee People locations were excluded from the sale. In August 2003, Starbucks opened its first store in South America in Lima, Peru. In 2007, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516461", "score": "0.99967015", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "announced ongoing losses in the Australian market, which resulted in the remaining stores being sold to the Withers Group. In January 2009, Starbucks announced the closure of an additional 300 underperforming stores and the elimination of 7,000 positions. CEO Howard Schultz also announced that he had received board approval to reduce his salary. Altogether, from February 2008 to January 2009, Starbucks terminated an estimated 18,400 U.S. jobs and began closing 977 stores worldwide. In August 2009, Ahold announced closures and rebranding for 43 of their licensed store Starbucks kiosks for their US based Stop & Shop and Giant supermarkets. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516496", "score": "0.9993901", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Kevin Johnson (executive)", "text": "would succeed him as president and chief executive officer of Starbucks Corporation. Under Johnson's leadership as CEO, Starbucks has aimed to grow from roughly 26,000 locations as of 2017 to 37,000 by 2021. Johnson revealed that a brush with skin cancer earlier in his career prompted him to take a step back from work in order to prioritize his health, loved ones and \"things that are joyful\". Paid family leave advocates have appealed to Johnson to include baristas in the company's paid parental family policy for corporate employees, citing the need for families to be able to care for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12989333", "score": "0.9980292", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "also cut almost 1,000 non-retail jobs as part of its bid to re-energize the brand and boost its profit. Of the new cuts, 550 of the positions were layoffs and the rest were unfilled jobs. These closings and layoffs effectively ended the company's period of growth and expansion that began in the mid-1990s. Starbucks also announced in July 2008 that it would close 61 of its 84 stores in Australia in the following month. Nick Wailes, an expert in strategic management of the University of Sydney, commented that \"Starbucks failed to truly understand Australia's cafe culture.\" In May 2014, Starbucks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516495", "score": "0.9928645", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Howard Behar", "text": "next three years he introduced the Starbucks brand across Asia and the United Kingdom. After a two-year hiatus, he returned to Starbucks as President of Starbucks North America until his retirement in March 2007. He has been a director of the company since 1996. Howard Behar Howard Behar is former president of Starbucks Coffee Company International and the author of \"It's Not About The Coffee: Leadership Principles from a Life at Starbucks\". He started working at Starbucks in 1989 when the company had just begun to venture outside the American northwest region. Initially serving as vice president of sales and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11327528", "score": "0.9823991", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Seattle's Best Coffee", "text": "Seattle Coffee Holdings changed its name to Seattle Coffee Company. In 1998, AFC Enterprises purchased Seattle Coffee Holdings and began franchising the Seattle's Best Coffee brand. During AFC Enterprise's ownership, Seattle Coffee Company's Vashon Island roasterie was upgraded and the company's organic coffee line was established. AFC Enterprises sold SBC to Starbucks in July 2003, retaining franchise rights in eleven countries, Hawaii and U.S. military bases. Starbucks closed the Vashon Island facility October 23, 2003 and moved production to their Kent, Washington roasterie. The historic Vashon Island roasterie building, Jim Stewart's original 1952 roaster, and roastmaster Peter Larsen, while no", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3183106", "score": "0.98093694", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Kevin Johnson (executive)", "text": "police were called. Six officers arrived and the two were led away in handcuffs. Kevin Johnson (executive) Kevin R. Johnson (born October 9, 1960) is an American businessman. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Starbucks Corporation and was previously the CEO and a member of the board of directors of Juniper Networks in Sunnyvale, California, from September 2008 to January 2014. Johnson became the CEO of Starbucks on April 3, 2017. In 1981, Johnson earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from New Mexico State University. Upon graduation, he began his career as an engineer at IBM. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12989335", "score": "0.9800979", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "July 2012, the company announced that they may begin closing unprofitable European stores immediately. In 2009, at least three stores in Seattle were de-branded to remove the logo and brand name, and remodel the stores as local coffee houses \"inspired by Starbucks.\" CEO Howard Schultz says the unbranded stores are a \"laboratory for Starbucks\". The first, 15th Avenue Coffee and Tea, opened in July 2009 on Capitol Hill. It served wine and beer and hosted live music and poetry readings. It has since been remodeled and reopened as a Starbucks-branded store. Another is Roy Street Coffee and Tea at 700", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516497", "score": "0.97888863", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Defensive strategy (marketing)", "text": "forces employees to manufacture the company's products with limited resources or with cheaper raw material. For example, in years before 2009, Starbucks has had 600 closings in the United States and 61 in Australia. In 2009 the CEO of Starbucks, Howard Schultz, was planning on closing 300 company - operated stores around the world and 200 of them were established in the United States. After all that, the company planned to open 140 stores in the United States and 170 stores globally spread in the same year. To accomplish that, the firm wanted to cut 700 work positions around the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20150411", "score": "0.9771775", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company", "text": "by the surplus assets of its employee pension plan, reducing the corporation to less than 1,000 stores. The plan also closed manufacturing operations except coffee production. Starting in 1982, A&P acquired several chains that continued to be operated under their own names, rather than being converted to \"A&P\". While A&P regained profitability in the 1980s, in 2002 it operated at a record loss because of new competition, especially from Walmart. A&P closed more stores, which included the sale of its large Canadian division. A&P also spun off Eight O'Clock Coffee, the last of its manufacturing units. In 2007, A&P purchased", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3310527", "score": "0.9759791", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "US Foods", "text": "form PYA/Monarch. Sysco was established in 1970 by combining five independent wholesale grocery companies. Sysco went public in 1970 with $115 million in annual sales and shares were traded on the NYSE. Continental Coffee Company established in 1915 by the Cohn family (CFS Continental) went public in 1970. S.E. Rykoff & Co. was generating $1.9 million in profits with revenue of $75.9 million and went public in 1972. In 1973, Continental Coffee Company changed their name to CFS Continental, Inc. to reflect the growing importance of foodservice to their traditional coffee business. By the end of 1979, Sysco of Houston,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15945406", "score": "0.9759408", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tata Starbucks", "text": "Tata Starbucks TATA Starbucks Private Limited, formerly known as Tata Starbucks Limited, is a 50:50 joint venture company, owned by Tata Global Beverages and Starbucks Corporation, that owns and operates Starbucks outlets in India. The outlets are branded \"Starbucks \"A Tata Alliance\"\". In January 2011, Starbucks Corporation and Tata Coffee announced plans to begin opening Starbucks locations in India. Despite a false start in 2007, in January 2012 Starbucks finally announced a 50:50 joint venture with Tata Global Beverages, called Tata Starbucks Ltd., which would own and operate outlets branded \"Starbucks, A Tata Alliance\". Starbucks had previously attempted to enter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16812233", "score": "0.97343785", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "business in 1999 when it acquired the Tazo brand for . In late 2012, Starbucks paid US$620 million to buy Teavana. , there is no intention of marketing Starbucks' products in Teavana stores, though the acquisition will allow the expansion of Teavana beyond its current main footprint in shopping malls. In January 2015, Starbucks began to roll out Teavana teas into Starbucks stores, both in to-go beverage and retail formats. Kevin Knox, who was in charge of doughnuts quality at Starbucks from 1987 to 1993, recalled on his blog in 2010 how George Howell, coffee veteran and founder of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516476", "score": "0.9729118", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "its first store in Latin America, at Mexico City. Currently, there are over 500 locations in Mexico and there are plans for the opening of up to 850 by 2018. In 1999, Starbucks experimented with eateries in the San Francisco Bay area through a restaurant chain called Circadia. These restaurants were soon \"outed\" as Starbucks establishments and converted to Starbucks cafes. In October 2002, Starbucks established a coffee trading company in Lausanne, Switzerland to handle purchases of green coffee. All other coffee-related business continued to be managed from Seattle. In April 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle's Best Coffee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516460", "score": "0.97130257", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Starbucks", "text": "Starbucks wanted to terminate the agreement because at the time, single coffee packs were beginning to become popular. In their agreement, Starbucks was confined to selling packs that only worked in Kraft's Tassimo machines. Starbucks didn't want to fall behind in the market opportunities for k cups. In mid-November 2013, an arbitrator ordered Starbucks to pay a fine of US$2.8 billion to Kraft spin-off Mondelez International for its premature unilateral termination of the agreement. In June 2014, Starbucks announced a new partnership with Arizona State University (ASU) that would allow Starbucks employees in their Junior and Senior years of college", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1516510", "score": "0.9693135", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "the right" ]

[ { "title": "Military uniform", "text": "concealment in a variety of surroundings. The US Army now issues, for all theatres of operations, the Army Combat Uniform (ACU), which replaces the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) and the Desert Combat Uniform (DCU). The colour scheme on these ACUs is a faded green/grey/tan pattern of random-appearing rectangular shapes. Pocket outlines on the front of the jackets are offset from vertical, so as to present a less distinctive straight line for the eye to follow while using NVGs. The US Marine Corps also issues similar uniforms with their MARPAT pattern, the U.S. Marines considered adopting CADPAT for their new pattern,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3738503", "score": "1.0439677", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "United States Army", "text": "aircraft which cannot operate from forward positions). For UAVs, the Army is deploying at least one company of drone MQ-1C Gray Eagles to each Active Army division. The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) currently features a camouflage pattern known as Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP). This replaced a pixelated pattern known as Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) that proved to be ineffective in many environments. On 11 November 2018, the Army announced a new version of 'Army Greens' based on uniforms worn during World War II will become the standard garrison service uniform. The blue Army Service Uniform will remain as the dress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "439291", "score": "0.9631015", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Battle Dress Uniform", "text": "not yet have the MCCUU. USMC Special Operations units (MARSOC) have recently issued M81 woodland-patterned uniforms to supplement MARPAT uniforms for special missions. In 2004, the U.S. Army unveiled the Army Combat Uniform (ACU), its successor to the BDU. From late 2005 to early 2007, the U.S. Army undertook the process of replacing the BDU with the ACU, with the BDU being formally discontinued by the army in October 2006. The Army Junior ROTC followed suit thereafter in 2009. The original version of the ACU uniform used a pixelated \"digital\" pattern known as the Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP). UCP is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3645296", "score": "0.9607442", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Military uniform", "text": "their own uniforms. In recent years, many Battle Dress Uniforms with famous US Woodland pattern were replaced. USMC developed new digital MARPAT pattern, while the Army developed Universal Pattern (ACU) for its standard combat uniforms, though a special camouflage pattern (multicam) more appropriate for use in Afghanistan was fielded in 2010. Popular disdain among US troops for the beret headgear as part of the \"default\" headgear for wear with the ACU uniform led to a regulation revision in 2011, with the standard \"default\" headgear for wear with ACUs now being the ACU patrol cap, which provides a much better degree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3738492", "score": "0.9580748", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "T-shirt is authorized with ACU-OCPs, and will become the sole authorized T-shirt upon completion of the full transition to OCP in 2019. The ACU is worn with tan Army Combat Boots and olive drab cotton socks. Commercial versions of this boot are authorized without limitation, complying with the following regulations—must be 8 to 10 inches in height, be made of tan rough side out cattle hide leather with a plain toe and tan rubber outsoles, and be without zippers, metal cleats, or side tabs. The Mountain Combat Boot is available for difficult terrain, and the Extreme Cold Vapor Barrier Boots", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157480", "score": "0.95125777", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "and DCU with the ACU was to begin in April 2005. However, the fielding process began two months earlier through the Rapid Fielding Initiative. Soldiers from the 48th Infantry Brigade Combat Team were the first U.S. Army unit to receive the ACU, subsequently deploying the entire Brigade into OIF combat in May 2005. Initial reception of the ACU was mixed, with complaints of insufficient durability and excessive maintenance. The ACU originally used the Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP), which used a pixelated pattern of tan, gray and green (Desert Sand 500, Urban Gray 501 and Foliage Green 502) and was intended", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157464", "score": "0.94950205", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "the existing industrial infrastructure which produced the now-obsolete BDU. Official military-grade ACUs are made of 50% nylon and 50% cotton. All other blends are not official issue. In early 2004, some U.S. Army soldiers in Iraq were issued the \"Close Combat Uniform\" a variant of the Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) that featured new innovations such as shoulder pockets affixed with hook-and-loop \"Velcro\" fasteners, chest-worn rank insignia, and a new collar. The experimental features used on the CCU were eventually incorporated into the ACU, which was publicly announced in June 2004. The process of replacing the U.S. Army's woodland pattern BDU", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157463", "score": "0.94691503", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "Army Combat Uniform The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) and its flame-retardant variant, the Flame-Resistant Army Combat Uniform (FRACU), are the current battle uniforms worn by the United States Army. The uniform is also used by the U.S. Air Force, where it is known as the Airman Combat Uniform, and by some civilian employees of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). First unveiled in June 2004, it is the successor to the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) and Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) worn from the 1980s and 1990s through the early 2000s, respectively. The ACU and its component materials are manufactured by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157462", "score": "0.9443171", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Desert Camouflage Uniform", "text": "the newer ACU in mid-to-late 2005. In mid-2005, the DCU and the BDU began slowly being discontinued within the U.S. Army. By late 2006, most U.S. soldiers were wearing the ACU and the DCU and BDU were both fully replaced with by the ACU by early 2008. Following the Army, the United States Marine Corps began issuing the DCU from 1993 through 1995 and remained the Marine Corps standard arid combat uniform from 1993 to 2003. In January 2002, the U.S. Marine Corps became the first branch to replace both its BDUs and DCUs with the Marine Corps Combat Utility", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7482192", "score": "0.9370706", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "preference. Skill tabs, such as the President's Hundred Tab, Special Forces, Ranger, and Sapper are worn on the left sleeve pocket flap, and are subject to a 3-tab-only rule. A tab that is an integral part of a unit patch, such as the \"Mountain\" or \"Airborne\" tab, is not counted against the rule. The U.S. Army Chaplain insignia is the only authorized army branch insignia to be worn on the ACU. It is centered 1/8 inch above the right name tape. The insignia may be the metal pin-on variety or the black embroidered insignia on digitized fabric with Velcro fasteners.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Uniforms of the United States Army", "text": "green uniform, no unit patches, specialty tabs, or the black beret were worn. Officers wore their silver or gold-colored rank insignia pinned onto the shoulder epaulets, while enlisted personnel wore gold-on-white rank insignia and service stripes on both sleeves as that on the Army Blue Uniform. A white dress shirt and either a black bow tie or four-in-hand necktie, for formal and semi-formal functions, were worn. The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) is the utility uniform worn in garrison and in combat zones by the U.S. Army. The uniform originally featured a digital camouflage pattern, known as the Universal Camouflage Pattern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11522355", "score": "0.93410325", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "worn by paratroopers, rangers, advisors, and special forces respectively. The green micro fleece cap is authorized for field and garrison use outside of unit PT, per local command. A name tape is worn on the back of the patrol cap. Sew-on rank is recommended but pin-on rank is authorized on the ACU Patrol Cap and ACU Boonie Hat. The MICH (Modular Integrated Communications Helmet) Camouflage cover rank must be sewn on if worn but is often not used as the night vision device mount would obstruct it. The ACU is worn with a moisture-wicking sand colored T-shirt. A Tan 499", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157479", "score": "0.9331983", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "United States Army Air Assault School", "text": "allowed to fail one of the seven and still continue. This means that failing two of the minor obstacles will result in being dropped from the course. Prior to the obstacle course, students will conduct a two-mile (3.2 km) run. Students must complete the run in under 18:00 to receive a \"GO\" in the event (meaning satisfactory completion of the event). The uniform for the run is Army Combat Uniform (ACU – minus the ACU Top depending on the season in which the training cycle begins) with running shoes. Phase One, the Combat Assault Phase, is three days long. During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7236731", "score": "0.9103735", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the United States Army", "text": "the Army's Birthday, it was announced that effective immediately, the Army Patrol Cap, or \"PC\", would replace the black beret for wear with the ACU, and that name tapes, rank, and skill badges can optionally be sewn on. In the field, the jacket may be replaced by the flame resistant Army Combat Shirt when worn directly under a tactical vest. Most soldiers operating in Afghanistan are issued a \"MultiCam\" pattern better suited to that country's terrain. The Army has announced the replacement of the Universal Camouflage Pattern for the ACU in favor of the Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP), which is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11522357", "score": "0.90721637", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Battle Dress Uniform", "text": "hostilities, but the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps have both replaced the DCU with newer uniforms (ACU and MCCUU, respectively). In testing, U.S. Army researchers found that, as in other environments, the color of desert terrain varies, and can range from pink to blue, depending on the minerals in the soil and the time of the day. Since patches of uniform color in the desert are usually 10 times larger than those in wooded areas, it was decided to alter the existing six-color DBDU pattern. This led to the development of a three-color pattern DCU, which was adopted. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3645294", "score": "0.8956286", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Desert Camouflage Uniform", "text": "pattern from 1992 to 2004. In June 2004, the Army unveiled a new pixel-style camouflage pattern called UCP (Universal Camouflage Pattern), to be used on the DCU's successor uniform, the Army Combat Uniform (ACU). In late 2004, some U.S. Army soldiers deployed in Iraq were issued the \"Close Combat Uniform\", a variant of the DCU that featured ACU-like features such as shoulder pockets affixed with hook-and-loop \"Velcro\" fasteners as well as a redesigned collar and chest-worn rank insignia. They were made by American Power Source, Inc. and only saw brief usage as they were issued shortly before the introduction of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7482191", "score": "0.8933026", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "for cold weather. As with the T-shirt, coyote brown boots are authorized with OCP and will become the sole boot authorized following the completion of the transition in 2019. Army Combat Uniform The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) and its flame-retardant variant, the Flame-Resistant Army Combat Uniform (FRACU), are the current battle uniforms worn by the United States Army. The uniform is also used by the U.S. Air Force, where it is known as the Airman Combat Uniform, and by some civilian employees of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). First unveiled in June 2004, it is the successor to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157481", "score": "0.89170027", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Army Combat Shirt", "text": "Army Combat Shirt The Army Combat Shirt (ACS) is a flame-resistant shirt developed and used by the United States Army as a supplementary addition to the Army Combat Uniform. The ACS is a stand-alone shirt designed specifically for use with Improved Outer Tactical Vest armor in warm and hot weather instead of the blouse. It is intended to greatly increase user comfort through the use of lightweight, moisture-wicking, and breathable fabrics. The ACS was created in conjunction with the USMC's Flame Resistant Organizational Gear (FROG). The ACS, in conjunction with the Fire Resistant ACU (FRACU) trousers, provides head-to-toe protection against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10180401", "score": "0.88819665", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "United States Army", "text": "weapon. The redesigned Infantry OSUT would start in 2019. Depending on the result of the 2018 pilot, OSUTs could also extend training in other combat arms beyond the infantry. One Station Unit Training will be extended to 22 weeks for Armor by Fiscal Year 2021. The Army combat fitness test (ACFT) is being introduced into the Army, beginning with 60 battalions spread throughout the Army. The test is the same for all soldiers, men or women. It will take an hour to complete, including resting periods. The ACFT supersedes the Army physical fitness test (APFT), as being more relevant to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "439280", "score": "0.8881031", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Shoulder sleeve insignia", "text": "version is also obsolete, as the Army phased out DCUs in favor of ACUs. The subdued version created for the Army Combat Uniform is the version widely used in the field today. Since the Army-wide adoption of the ACU, SSI for the ACU have been developed. These SSI are primarily foliage green, light brown, and black, though a few patches also feature red and maroon colors for some details. Unlike previous patches, the ACU SSI are velcro-backed, designed to attach to the velcro pockets on the shoulder of the uniform, instead of being sewn on. This makes them easier to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576431", "score": "0.88021207", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "all combatant commands. The UCP pattern is planned to be fully replaced by the OCP on the ACU by 1 October 2019. ACUs printed in OCP first became available for purchase on 1 July 2015, with deployed soldiers already being issued uniforms and equipment in the new pattern. The ACU features hook-and-loop fasteners, also known by the genericized trademark Velcro, on its sleeve pockets. The ACU jacket originally used hook-and-loop-backed attachments to secure items such as name tapes, rank insignia, and shoulder patches and tabs, as well as recognition devices such as the U.S. flag patch and the infrared (IR)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157469", "score": "0.8774377", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Battle Dress Uniform", "text": "similar to MARPAT, but uses more neutral, less saturated colors. The neutral colors, primarily foliage green and sand yellow, are designed to be work best in desert, woodland, and urban combat situations. The ACU in UCP was used by the army in all environments except for areas with snow, as the UCP pattern works poorly against white despite the heavy use of grey. An all-white BDU and the ECWCS are used instead for winterized warfare. DoD civilians began wearing the Airman Battle Uniform and Army Combat Uniform in place of the BDU after it was replaced. From 2004 to 2007,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3645297", "score": "0.87424785", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "United States Army", "text": "uniform. The Army Greens are projected to be first fielded in summer of 2020. The U.S. Army's black beret is no longer worn with the ACU for garrison duty, having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap. After years of complaints that it was not suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers still wear berets who are currently in a unit in jump status, whether the wearer is parachute-qualified or not (maroon beret), while members of Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) wear brown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "439292", "score": "0.8736503", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Army Combat Boot", "text": "Army Combat Boot The Army Combat Boot is the primary issue combat boot of the United States Army, intended for use in conjunction with the Army Combat Uniform. The Army Combat Boot (Temperate Weather) (ACB (TW)) is a tan-colored, temperate weather combat boot with a moisture-resistant, rough-side-out cattlehide leather and nylon duck cloth upper. It contains a waterproof breathable membrane and integrated safety features limited flame resistance, thermal insulation, and liquid fuel penetration protection. The soling system of this boot consists of a shock-absorbing direct attach poly-ether polyurethane midsole, with an abrasion-resistant, slip-resistant rubber outsole. It has a combination eyelet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14323424", "score": "0.87337315", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Army Combat Uniform", "text": "and Velcro for closure during movement, and two calf storage pockets one on each pant leg with a Velcro closure. ACU trousers with flame resistant materials are being issued for use in Iraq and Afghanistan. The updates to the ACU trousers in late 2010 included removal of Velcro fasteners from forward-tilted thigh cargo pocket flaps which were replaced with 3 buttons. This change was introduced gradually from 2009 onward and is now in full effect. Two buttons are standard (same function as on BDU trouser cargo pockets), while the third button located at the very end of the pocket can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157475", "score": "0.8682308", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Shoulder sleeve insignia", "text": "exception, the U.S. 1st Infantry Division wore full-color SSI on their BDUs and ACUs for a time, before that too was replaced with a subdued version. The subdued version of the SSI created for the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) features patches that are primarily olive, dark brown and black, to match the BDU. In general, this version is obsolete because the Army phased out the BDU in the late 2000s in favor of the Army Combat Uniform (ACU). The subdued version created for the Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) is primarily tan and \"spice\" brown, to match the uniform's design. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576430", "score": "0.8623849", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Army Combat Boot", "text": "and speed-lace lacing system. The Army Combat Boot (Hot Weather) (ACB (HW)) is a tan-colored, hot weather combat boot made with moisture-resistant, rough-side-out cattlehide leather and nylon duck upper with two drainage eyelets on the inner arch. The soling system of this boot consists of a shock-absorbing direct attach poly-ether polyurethane midsole, with an abrasion-resistant, slip-resistant rubber outsole. It has a combination eyelet and speed-lace lacing system. Army Combat Boot The Army Combat Boot is the primary issue combat boot of the United States Army, intended for use in conjunction with the Army Combat Uniform. The Army Combat Boot (Temperate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14323425", "score": "0.85607874", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Operational Camouflage Pattern", "text": "beginning to be issued to deployed soldiers going to Afghanistan, Iraq, Europe, and the Horn of Africa. The OCP ACU became available for soldiers to purchase starting 1 July 2015. In the early 2010s, the United States Army came to the conclusion that UCP did not adequately meet all of the concealment needs for Afghanistan’s multiple regions. In 2010, the United States Army Camouflage Improvement Effort considered twenty-two entrants. The Army eliminated the patterns down to five finalists who exceeded the baseline patterns and Scorpion W2 was among them in the Army's in-house submission (the Army later withdrew their submission", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18097693", "score": "0.8542494", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Desert Camouflage Uniform", "text": "Uniform (MCCUU), completely replacing them by April 2005. Along with the Army, the Air Force began issuing the DCU in 1992 and remained its primary desert uniform until 2011. The U.S. Air Force officially replaced the BDU and DCU on November 1, 2011 with the Airman Battle Uniform (ABU), though most airmen had been using the ABU for a couple years before that date. The United States Navy issued the DCU from 1993 until 2010 when it was replaced by the arid variant of the Navy Working Uniform (NWU), known as the NWU Type II. The U.S. Navy has authorized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7482193", "score": "0.8536804", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Patrol cap", "text": "of the M81 Battle Dress Uniform, the patrol cap was reintroduced. The patrol cap continues to be worn with the Army Combat Uniform, introduced in 2004. The materials are 50% cotton, 50% nylon blend. It has been available in different variants and patterns, such as hot weather models which have eliminated the ear flaps. The ACU patrol cap featured a Velcro strip on the back of the cap so a name tag could be attached to the cap. Patterns have included M81 Woodland, Six color desert camouflage, Three color desert camouflage, and the Universal Camouflage Pattern. The ACU patrol cap", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11279347", "score": "0.8534668", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "a form of business network" ]

[ { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "the latter can sometimes be a formal branch of a local government, the groups work together and may in some cases share office facilities) as well as tourism and visitor bureaus. Some chambers have joined state, national (such as the United States Chamber of Commerce and the British Chambers of Commerce) and even international bodies (such as Eurochambres, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), Worldchambers). Currently, there are about 13,000 chambers registered in the official Worldchambers Network registry, and the chamber of commerce network is the largest business network globally. This network is informal, with each local chamber incorporated and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2061467", "score": "0.9318075", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Collins Chabane Local Municipality", "text": "business on an area and nodal-point levels. The former two forums have now become local area forums within the Collins Chabane Chamber of Business. The Chamber of business is responsible for the authentication of local businesses and the protection of member’s rights and benefits within the local empowerment drive. A Chamber of Business is a form of an independent, non-political, subscription-based association or business network, e.g., a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community. The chamber", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19667121", "score": "0.91057444", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "operating separately, rather than as a chapter of a national or state chamber. Chambers of commerce in the United States can be considered community, city, regional, state, or nationwide (United States Chamber of Commerce). City Chambers work on the local level to bring the business community together to develop strong local networks, which can result in a business-to-business exchange. In most cases, city Chambers work with their local government, such as their mayor, their city council and local representatives to develop pro-business initiatives. There are also bilateral chambers of commerce that link the business environments of two countries (e.g. Romanian-American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2061468", "score": "0.8850505", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "no direct role in the writing and passage of laws and regulations that affect businesses. It may however, lobby in an attempt to get laws passed that are favorable to businesses. Membership in an individual chamber can range from a few dozen to well over 800,000, as is the case with the Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Some chamber organizations in China report even larger membership numbers. Chambers of commerce can range in scope from individual neighborhoods within a city or town up to an international chamber of commerce. In the United States, chambers do not operate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2061465", "score": "0.87998366", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Illinois Chamber of Commerce", "text": "Illinois Chamber of Commerce Illinois Chamber of Commerce, or The Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, is a state lobbying group representing the interests of many businesses of all sizes across the state of Illinois. It is not a government agency, but a non-profit membership business advocacy organization. The Chamber is staffed with policy experts, lobbyists and business advocates. Politically, the Chamber is generally considered to be a conservative organization, but is non-partisan and works across party lines to work in the interest of the entire Illinois business community. The Chamber is one of the largest broad-based business lobbying groups in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15712887", "score": "0.87906516", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Guelph Chamber of Commerce", "text": "on the type of business joining and the number of employees on the Board. Applications for memberships are done through the Chamber's website. When becoming a member, the Chamber offers many benefits including networking events, event invitations, marketing & promotional opportunities, member discounts, special events, affinity programs, advocacy, the list goes on, all of which are provided through connections and partnerships with other businesses and organizations. The Chamber holds many events in an effort to promote and strengthen the Chamber's values and interactions within the community, some of which events are listed below: The Chamber has many partnerships locally and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15753931", "score": "0.8776564", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Kansas Chamber of Commerce", "text": "strive to improve the economic climate for the benefit of every business and citizen and to safeguard our system of free, competitive enterprise. Join us in making Kansas the best state in America to do business.\" The chamber says it aims to represent the interests of small, medium, and large employers from all industry sectors. It strives to build meaningful coalitions and collaborative partnerships that influence Kansas legislation, according to the organization. Its annual legislative agenda is based upon member input. Major programs include the Kansas Retail Council, Kansas Industrial Council, Kansas Chamber of Commerce Executives and Leadership Kansas. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17105236", "score": "0.86942273", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "United States and 102 chambers representing U.S. businesses overseas. According to the Association for Chamber of Commerce Executives (ACCE), there are approximately 3,000 chambers of commerce with at least one staff person and \"thousands more established as strictly volunteer entities\". State chambers of commerce are much different from local and regional chambers of commerce, as they work on state and sometimes federal issues impacting the business community. Just as the local chamber is critical to the local business community, state chambers serve a unique function, serving as a third party voice on important business legislation that impact the business community", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2061470", "score": "0.86528873", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Collins Chabane Local Municipality", "text": "of Business is an organization of citizens who are investing their time and money in a community development program-working together to improve the economic, civic, and cultural wellbeing of the area. There are two primary functions of a chamber of Business: first, it acts as a spokesman for the business and professional community and translates the group thinking of its members into action; secondly, it renders a specific product or services type that can be most effectively be beneficial by a community organization and to its members as a whole. The Collins Chabane Chamber of Business is divided into two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19667122", "score": "0.8643608", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community. Local businesses are members, and they elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for the chamber. The board or council then hires a President, CEO or Executive Director, plus staffing appropriate to size, to run the organization.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "and are critical in shaping legislation in their respective state. State Chambers work with their Governor, state representatives, state senators, US congressional leaders and US Senators. In comparison with state trade associations, which serve as a voice and resource to a particular industry, state chambers are looked to as a respected voice, representing the entire business community to enhance and advocate for a better business environment. Understanding the National or International need for understanding and information is the key service that these level of chambers of commerce provide. These services are in most cases are at no fee or cost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2061471", "score": "0.8616887", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "in the same manner as the Better Business Bureau in that, while the BBB has the authority to bind its members under a formal operation doctrine (and, thus, can remove them if complaints arise regarding their services), the local chamber membership is either voluntary or required by law. In addition, Chambers represent the interests of businesses, while the BBB represents both the interests of businesses and the general public. Some Chambers are partially funded by local government, others are non-profit, and some are a combination of the two. Chambers of commerce also can include economic development corporations or groups (though", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2061466", "score": "0.8599374", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Georgia Chamber of Commerce", "text": "of Commerce employs approximately 30 people in the areas of operations, member services, government affairs, public policy, and communications. Hundreds of volunteers from businesses throughout the state are part of the organization's board of directors, government affairs council and policy committees. The Georgia Chamber is unique in the sense that each of the organization's activities are designed for business advocacy purposes – including direct lobbying efforts, membership events, the Georgia Business Action Network (GBAN), and others. Local chambers, on the other hand, tend to focus on economic development and tourism projects. The Georgia Chamber is not a competitor to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13960554", "score": "0.8578867", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Kansas Chamber of Commerce", "text": "also has a Chamber Political Action Committee. The Kansas Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors is composed of members around the state of Kansas. They oversee the operations of the organization. Kansas Chamber of Commerce Kansas Chamber of Commerce (KCC) is a statewide business and industrial coalition in the state of Kansas. KCC was founded in 1924 by representatives of 40 local chambers of commerce, who met in Hutchinson, Kansas. The founders focused on improving the state's highways. Its initial name was the Kansas Association of Chambers of Commerce. In 1925, it was renamed the Kansas Chamber of Commerce. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17105237", "score": "0.8527416", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Illinois Chamber of Commerce", "text": "that impact businesses generally, business segments of the Illinois economy, or the Illinois business climate; and with other organizations, sponsor activities and research projects that are consistent with the stated purposes above. Legislative Activity Workers' Compensation The Illinois Chamber took the lead in the last 8 years to enact legislation to reform the workers' compensation system on behalf of employers across Illinois. Illinois Chamber of Commerce Illinois Chamber of Commerce, or The Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, is a state lobbying group representing the interests of many businesses of all sizes across the state of Illinois. It is not a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15712892", "score": "0.85027695", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Kansas Chamber of Commerce", "text": "Kansas Chamber of Commerce Kansas Chamber of Commerce (KCC) is a statewide business and industrial coalition in the state of Kansas. KCC was founded in 1924 by representatives of 40 local chambers of commerce, who met in Hutchinson, Kansas. The founders focused on improving the state's highways. Its initial name was the Kansas Association of Chambers of Commerce. In 1925, it was renamed the Kansas Chamber of Commerce. The group adopted a new constitution, and expanded to also promote the development of agriculture, waterways, and natural resources; advertising Kansas and its resources; and assisting member organizations. In 1927 Chamber headquarters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17105234", "score": "0.84617597", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan", "text": "Hudson Bay Chamber of Commerce. The purpose of the Committee is to provide aid to local economic opportunities, striving to renew and revitalize the economic interest of the community and to examine and investigate all alternatives that are available. The Committee keeps an up-to-date list of local business opportunities as well as a current list of business / office space and industrial sites available. Service Clubs include: Rotary Club, Lions Club, Knights of Columbus, Masons, Elks and Royal Purple, Royal Canadian Legion, Legion Ladies Auxiliary and Health Care Auxiliary. Other organizations focused on the youth in this area are: 4-H,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11214216", "score": "0.84600574", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Georgia Chamber of Commerce", "text": "Georgia Chamber of Commerce The Georgia Chamber of Commerce is a statewide membership organization centered on a mission of pro-business advocacy and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The Georgia Chamber routinely supports good legislation and opposes bad legislation that most small and large business owners would consider a threat to their business success. Founded in 1915 as the Georgia Manufacturing Association, the Georgia Chamber renamed itself the Associated Industries of Georgia in 1939. In 1968, the organization became the Georgia Business and Industry Association, and then in 1983 became the Business Council of Georgia. The most recent name change", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13960552", "score": "0.84247833", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Guelph Chamber of Commerce", "text": "Chamber of Commerce partners with Rogers TV to broadcast debates with the candidates that were running in the election. These debates are presented to local viewers to help citizens make informed decisions on election day. The Chamber also hosts a local annual Awards of Excellence gala which showcases exceptional businesses and individuals in Guelph. Though this event is hosted by the Chamber, the awards given out are by the Chamber and their partnership with several other local prominent organizations. For example, the Chamber partners with the City of Guelph to present their \"Mayor's Award\". The Chamber collaborates with Innovation Guelph", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15753933", "score": "0.83986586", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Illinois Chamber of Commerce", "text": "Membership Membership is the driving force behind the Illinois Chamber's operation, working with employers across the state to develop a pro-business agenda. Political Action Committee Created in 1975, Chamber PAC is one of the oldest business political action committees in Illinois. Foundation The main purpose of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce Foundation is to raise and expend funds for the purposes of financing and sponsoring, publishing, promoting and distributing research on issues important to businesses or issues and analyses of the Illinois economy and business climate; providing educational forums that facilitate the discussion and debate of policy or operational matters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15712891", "score": "0.8394489", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Guelph Chamber of Commerce", "text": "The Chamber of Commerce Week was pronounced by Mayor Ralph W. Smith in 1970 and recognized as a beneficial part of the community. The Chamber still strives after 180 years to make Guelph a community for businesses, organizations and people to work and live in. The Guelph Chamber of Commerce members include many different organizations and various industries including those from apparel to specific members of the Agricultural & Biotech Research to manufacturing. There are more than 900 members who represent over 50,000 employees from the Guelph area. There is a fee for joining the Chamber however it is dependent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15753930", "score": "0.83856225", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "North Carolina Chamber of Commerce", "text": "a statement that the bill would strengthen cruelty reporting guidelines. The NC Chamber has an affiliated NC Chamber PAC (political action committee). The North Carolina Chamber PAC endorses candidates who are committed to promoting a business-friendly agenda in the NC State Senate and NC House of Representatives. The NC Chamber produces a variety of print and on-line publications and newsletters, including the bi-weekly Business Advocate, the Federation Insider, and NCBiz Central. North Carolina Chamber of Commerce The North Carolina Chamber of Commerce is a business network and advocacy organization whose chief mission is to promote business interests in the state", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17384890", "score": "0.8352056", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "United States Chamber of Commerce", "text": "the U.S. economy. Several organizations have attacked the Chamber for its advocacy, including Chamber Watch (a campaign of Public Citizen). Advocates for independent business, like the American Independent Business Alliance (AMIBA) and \"green businesses,\" like the American Sustainable Business Council, have fought the Chamber on multiple issues. Among major divisions between the Chamber and these business advocates is allowing corporations to engage in electioneering. Oliver E. Diaz says one example of this was when the Chamber spent $1,000,000+ to fund negative campaign ads against him and have judicial candidate Keith Starrett elected instead. United States Chamber of Commerce The United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4515730", "score": "0.83493364", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "United States Chamber of Commerce", "text": "well as coal mining, and the Trans Alaska Pipeline. In 1981, the Chamber launched the Let's Rebuild America campaign to help support President Reagan's Economic Recovery and Tax Act. With increased globalization in the 1990s, the Chamber promoted expanding opportunities for the export of American goods and services in hopes of creating jobs for Americans. Although various chambers of commerce can work with all levels of government, they tend to concentrate their efforts on specific levels: Local chambers of commerce tend to focus on local issues, state chambers on state issues, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce focuses on national", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4515712", "score": "0.8284412", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Manhattan Chamber of Commerce", "text": "Manhattan Chamber of Commerce Manhattan Chamber of Commerce is an association of businesses in the Manhattan area of New York City. The Manhattan Chamber of Commerce was established in July 1920. The Manhattan Chamber of Commerce was started by eleven prominent business owners in the Yorkville section of Manhattan. Now the Chamber represents over 100,000 companies in Manhattan and partners with over 300 business organizations in the city. The chamber supports the business community and helps companies grow through advocating for positive business legislation, hosting monthly educational seminars and networking events, marketing and international outreach. They also hold street fairs,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10389797", "score": "0.8272692", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Chamber of commerce", "text": "Chamber of Commerce, Moldovan–American Chamber of Commerce). Community chambers of commerce started in the UK and later spread to in the US, becoming city chambers of commerce as communities developed and became larger. Community chambers of commerce are smaller and most have a limit on numbers of members. City chambers of commerce have a long history in the US. The Charleston Chamber of Commerce is one of the oldest, dating back to colonial 1773. That same year, Boston's Chamber of Commerce organized a seminal tax protest: The Boston Tea Party. In 2005 there were 2,800 chambers of commerce in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2061469", "score": "0.8268421", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Greater Victoria Chamber of Commerce", "text": "more than 1,400 members, and is one of largest chambers in the Province of British Columbia. Their membership reflects the diversity of the business community, representing the interests of small, medium and large businesses across all sectors as well as members from the not-for-profit sector. Greater Victoria Chamber of Commerce The Greater Victoria Chamber of Commerce is a business association that serves the Greater Victoria Region of the province of British Columbia in Canada. The Greater Victoria Chamber of Commerce (The Chamber) has been in operation since 1863, before the Confederation of Canada was formed, and only two years after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13624856", "score": "0.8251362", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Windsor, California", "text": "Downtown Windsor, Shiloh Shopping Center, Starr Station, The Plaza on Lakewood, Windsor Creek Plaza, Windsor Palms Plaza, and Windsor Village. The Windsor Chamber of Commerce is an organization representing some 300 businesses. Service clubs, healthcare professionals, non-profits and faith-based organizations are all represented, as are retailers and manufacturers. Young adults are part of the Junior Chamber of Commerce and apply for the Educational Scholarship Program. Seniors, veterans, the disabled and those in need are served by the member organizations, as are the youth of the community. Children and families benefit from continued support of toy drives, Easter egg hunts, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1023431", "score": "0.8227953", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "North Carolina Chamber of Commerce", "text": "& regulatory reform, health care, infrastructure, labor & workplace issues, manufacturing, taxes, tort reform & legal claim, unemployment insurance reform, and workers' compensation. The NC Chamber comprises several local chambers of commerce from cities, towns, counties, and regions across North Carolina. Member organizations include: Asheville Area Chamber of Commerce, Chapel Hill-Carrboro Chamber of Commerce, Charlotte Chamber of Commerce, Greensboro Chamber of Commerce, Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, Wilmington Chamber of Commerce, and Winston-Salem Chamber of Commerce. The NC Chamber receives financial support from numerous North Carolina businesses and corporations. NC Chamber supporters and investors include: AT&T North Carolina, Bank of America,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17384885", "score": "0.8223644", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Illinois Chamber of Commerce", "text": "unifying voice for business in Illinois and advance the Chamber’s position as a credible, highly regarded and effective public policy advocate.” The Illinois Chamber serves businesses large and small and works with state government leaders to educate and influence lawmakers on ways to enhance the states economy through enacting pro-business legislation. The Illinois Chamber has hosted many political leaders in the past, including President George W. Bush in 2008 when he addressed Illinois Chamber members and the world about the state of the economy. The Illinois Chamber serves all business and employers in these towns, villages, cities and counties. Functions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15712890", "score": "0.82177085", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Plant hormones", "hormones" ]

[ { "title": "Chemical ecology", "text": "called phototropism, which is the movement towards or away from a light source. This growth enables the plant to obtain essentials such as sunlight which is very necessary for the photosynthesis. Therefore, the cuticle is one of the fundamental parts of the plant due to its physical and chemical properties such as waxy and thin like structure that enables it to be adapted to various mechanism such as hydrophobicity, interactions with microorganisms and growth of plants. The chemical ecology of plant-insect interaction is a significant subfield of chemical ecology. In particular, plants and insects are often involved in a chemical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3038468", "score": "0.92747056", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Chemotropism", "text": "Chemotropism The growth of a plant part due to chemical stimulus is known as chemotropism \"'Chemotropism\" is growth of organisms such as bacteria and plants, navigated by chemical stimulus from outside of the organism or organism's part. The response of the organism or organism part is termed ‘positive’ if the growth is towards the stimulus, or ‘negative’ if the growth is away from the stimulus. An example of chemo-tropic movement can be seen during the growth of the pollen tube, where growth is always towards the ovules. It can be also written that conversion of flower into fruit is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5231209", "score": "0.9259239", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Plant hormone", "text": "because it was found in high concentrations in newly abscissed or freshly fallen leaves. This class of PGR is composed of one chemical compound normally produced in the leaves of plants, originating from chloroplasts, especially when plants are under stress. In general, it acts as an inhibitory chemical compound that affects bud growth, and seed and bud dormancy. It mediates changes within the apical meristem, causing bud dormancy and the alteration of the last set of leaves into protective bud covers. Since it was found in freshly abscissed leaves, it was thought to play a role in the processes of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1882419", "score": "0.912436", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Allelopathy", "text": "biological systems.\" In more recent times, plant researchers have begun to switch back to the original definition of substances that are produced by one plant that inhibit another plant. Confusing the issue more, zoologists have borrowed the term to describe chemical interactions between invertebrates like corals and sponges. Long before the term allelopathy was used, people observed the negative effects that one plant could have on another. Theophrastus, who lived around 300 BC noticed the inhibitory effects of pigweed on alfalfa. In China around the first century AD, the author of \"Shennong Ben Cao Jing\" described 267 plants that had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3066191", "score": "0.89283484", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Plant perception (physiology)", "text": "Plant perception (physiology) Plant perception is the ability of plants to sense and respond to the environment to adjust their morphology, physiology, and phenotype accordingly. Other disciplines such as plant physiology, ecology and molecular biology are used to assess this ability. Plants react to chemicals, gravity, light, moisture, infections, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, parasite infestation, disease, physical disruption, sound, and touch. Displacement can be detected by plants. Poplar stems can detect reorientation and inclination (equilibrioception). Wounded tomatoes are known to produce the volatile odour methyl jasmonate as an alarm signal. Neighbouring plants can then detect the chemical and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9410597", "score": "0.89216673", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Chemical defense", "text": "stock for the evolution of defensive chemicals. Examples of common secondary metabolites used as chemical defenses by plants include alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. Defensive chemicals used to avoid consumption may be broadly characterized as either toxins or substances reducing the digestive capacity of herbivores. Although toxins are defined in a broad sense as any substance produced by an organism that reduces the fitness of another, in a more specific sense toxins are substances which directly affect and diminish the functioning of certain metabolic pathways. Toxins are minor constituents (<2% dry weight), active in small concentrations, and more present in flowers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15326635", "score": "0.89216566", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Hydrotropism", "text": "Hydrotropism Hydrotropism (hydro- \"water\"; tropism \"involuntary orientation by an organism, that involves turning or curving as a positive or negative response to a stimulus\") is a plant's growth response in which the direction of growth is determined by a stimulus or gradient in water concentration. A common example is a plant root growing in humid air bending toward a higher relative humidity level. This is of biological significance as it helps to increase efficiency of the plant in its ecosystem. The process of hydrotropism is started by the root cap sensing water and sending a signal to the elongating part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4420603", "score": "0.887423", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Plant communication", "text": "Plant communication Plant communication encompasses all communication between plants and a host of other organisms such as soil microbes, other plants (of the same or other species), animals, insects, and fungi. Plants communicate through a host of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be separated into four broad categories, each the product of distinct chemical pathways: fatty acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, amino acid derivatives, and terpenoids. Due to the physical/chemical constraints most VOCs are of low molecular mass (< 300 Da), are hydrophobic, and have high vapor pressures. The responses of organisms to plant emitted VOCs varies from attracting the predator", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20104135", "score": "0.887324", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Plant physiology", "text": "Finally, plant physiology includes the study of plant response to environmental conditions and their variation, a field known as environmental physiology. Stress from water loss, changes in air chemistry, or crowding by other plants can lead to changes in the way a plant functions. These changes may be affected by genetic, chemical, and physical factors. The chemical elements of which plants are constructed—principally carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc.—are the same as for all other life forms animals, fungi, bacteria and even viruses. Only the details of the molecules into which they are assembled differs. Despite this underlying similarity,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3085665", "score": "0.885968", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Plant hormone", "text": "Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant, and occur in extremely low concentrations. Hormones regulate cellular processes in targeted cells locally and, moved to other locations, in other functional parts of the plant. Hormones also determine the formation of flowers, stems, leaves, the shedding of leaves, and the development and ripening of fruit. Plants, unlike animals, lack glands that produce and secrete hormones. Instead, each cell is capable of producing hormones. Plant hormones shape the plant, affecting seed growth, time of flowering, the sex of flowers, senescence of leaves, and fruits. They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow downward, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, plant longevity, and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth, and, lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells. So they are also known as growth factors or growth hormones. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Plant to plant communication via mycorrhizal networks", "text": "Plant to plant communication via mycorrhizal networks Plant to plant communication via mycorrhizal networks refers to connections through mycorrhizal networks that facilitate communication between plants of the same or different species. Mycorrhizal networks allow for the transfers of signals and cues between plants which influence the behavior of the connected plants by inducing morphological or physiological changes. The chemical substances which act as these signals and cues are referred to as infochemicals. These can be allelochemicals, defensive chemicals or nutrients. Allelochemicals are used by plants to interfere with the growth or development of other plants or organisms, defensive chemicals can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20855608", "score": "0.8843061", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Rhizosphere", "text": "come in the form of chemicals released into the rhizosphere by cells in the roots and cell waste referred to as \"rhizodeposition.\" This rhizodeposition comes in various forms of organic carbon and nitrogen that provide for the communities around plant roots and dramatically affect the chemistry surrounding the roots. Exopolysaccharides, such as PGA, affect the ability of roots to uptake water by maintaining the stability of the rhizosphere and controlling the flow of water. In potato cultivars, phenols and lignins comprise the greatest number of ion influencing compounds produced as plant exudates regardless of location; however, the intensity of different", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6239106", "score": "0.87985337", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Xerophyte", "text": "swollen parts of the plant is known as succulence. A swollen trunk or root at the ground level of a plant is called a caudex and plants with swollen bases are called caudiciforms. Plants may secrete resins and waxes (epicuticular wax) on their surfaces, which reduce transpiration. Examples are the heavily-scented and flammable resins (volatile organic compounds) of some chaparral plants, such as \"Malosma laurina\", or the chalky wax of \"Dudleya pulverulenta\". In regions continuously exposed to sunlight, UV rays can cause biochemical damage to plants, and eventually lead to DNA mutations and damages in the long run. When one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12366081", "score": "0.879852", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Heliciculture", "text": "citrus fruits high up on trees. The Federal Plant Pest Act defines a plant pest as \"any living stage (including active and dormant forms) of insects, mites, nematodes, slugs, snails, protozoa, or other invertebrate animals, bacteria, fungi, other parasitic plants or reproductive parts thereof; viruses; or any organisms similar to or allied with any of the foregoing; or any infectious substances, which can directly or indirectly injure or cause disease or damage in or to any plants or parts thereof, or any processed, manufactured, or other products of plants...\" The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) categorizes giant African", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6641827", "score": "0.87570167", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Plant physiology", "text": "the study of biological and chemical processes of individual plant cells. Plant cells have a number of features that distinguish them from cells of animals, and which lead to major differences in the way that plant life behaves and responds differently from animal life. For example, plant cells have a cell wall which restricts the shape of plant cells and thereby limits the flexibility and mobility of plants. Plant cells also contain chlorophyll, a chemical compound that interacts with light in a way that enables plants to manufacture their own nutrients rather than consuming other living things as animals do.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3085662", "score": "0.8740296", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Chemical plant", "text": "the presence of acid fumes and other electrolytic interactions. Recently, FRP (Fibre-reinforced plastic) is used as a material of construction. The British standard specification BS4994 is widely used for design and construction of the vessels, tanks, etc. Chemical plant A chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale. The general objective of a chemical plant is to create new material wealth via the chemical or biological transformation and or separation of materials. Chemical plants use specialized equipment, units, and technology in the manufacturing process. Other kinds of plants, such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4793550", "score": "0.8716228", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Chemical plant", "text": "are detailed industrial-scale methods, to transform feedstock chemicals into products. The same chemical process can be used at more than one chemical plant, with possibly differently scaled capacities at each plant. Also, a chemical plant at a site may be constructed to utilize more than one chemical process, for instance to produce multiple products. A chemical plant commonly has usually large vessels or sections called units or lines that are interconnected by piping or other material-moving equipment which can carry streams of material. Such material streams can include fluids (gas or liquid carried in piping) or sometimes solids or mixtures", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4793518", "score": "0.8702604", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Phytoremediation", "text": "body of the plant. The organic compounds are broken down by enzymes that the plant roots secrete and these molecules are then taken up by the plant and released through transpiration. This process works best with organic contaminants like herbicides, trichloroethylene, and methyl \"tert\"-butyl ether. Phytotransformation results in the chemical modification of environmental substances as a direct result of plant metabolism, often resulting in their inactivation, degradation (phytodegradation), or immobilization (phytostabilization). In the case of organic pollutants, such as pesticides, explosives, solvents, industrial chemicals, and other xenobiotic substances, certain plants, such as Cannas, render these substances non-toxic by their metabolism.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3908214", "score": "0.869257", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Plant physiology", "text": "by an insect or other animal, the leaf folds shut. This mechanism allows the plant to trap and digest small insects for additional nutrients. Although the trap is rapidly shut by changes in internal cell pressures, the leaf must grow slowly to reset for a second opportunity to trap insects. Economically, one of the most important areas of research in environmental physiology is that of phytopathology, the study of diseases in plants and the manner in which plants resist or cope with infection. Plant are susceptible to the same kinds of disease organisms as animals, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3085683", "score": "0.8691669", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Rhizosphere", "text": "compounds was found to be influenced by soils and environmental conditions, resulting in variation amongst nitrogen compounds, lignins, phenols, carbohydrates, and amines. Chemicals connected to allelopathy: flavinols carbohydrates and application by root hairs phenols Positive allelopathic pathways and definitions of interactions between plant-plant and plant-microbe, positive plant-microbe in the form of systematic resistance Although it goes beyond the rhizosphere area, it is notable that some plants secrete allelochemicals from their roots which inhibit the growth of other organisms. For example, garlic mustard produces a chemical which is believed to prevent mutualisms forming between the surrounding trees and mycorrhiza in mesic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6239107", "score": "0.8691186", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Species distribution", "text": "terpenes which inhibit the growth of other plants around it and results in uniform distribution. This is an example of allelopathy, which is the release of chemicals from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, residue decomposition and other processes. Allelopathy can have beneficial, harmful, or neutral effects on surrounding organisms. Some allelochemicals even have selective effects on surrounding organisms; for example, the tree species \"Leucaena leucocephala\" exudes a chemical that inhibits the growth of other plants but not those of its own species, and thus can affect the distribution of specific rival species. Allelopathy usually results in uniform distributions,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8008728", "score": "0.862113", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Food contaminant", "text": "food product. Agrochemicals are chemicals used in agricultural practices and animal husbandry with the intent to increase crop yields. Such agents include pesticides (e.g., insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides), plant growth regulators, veterinary drugs (e.g., nitrofuran, fluoroquinolones, malachite green, chloramphenicol), and bovine somatotropin (rBST). Environmental contaminants are chemicals that are present in the environment in which the food is grown, harvested, transported, stored, packaged, processed, and consumed. The physical contact of the food with its environment results in its contamination. Possible sources of contamination and contaminants common to that vector include: There are many cases of banned pesticides or carcinogens found in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10612212", "score": "0.85978734", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Plant physiology", "text": "is included within the domain of plant physiology. To function and survive, plants produce a wide array of chemical compounds not found in other organisms. Photosynthesis requires a large array of pigments, enzymes, and other compounds to function. Because they cannot move, plants must also defend themselves chemically from herbivores, pathogens and competition from other plants. They do this by producing toxins and foul-tasting or smelling chemicals. Other compounds defend plants against disease, permit survival during drought, and prepare plants for dormancy, while other compounds are used to attract pollinators or herbivores to spread ripe seeds. Secondly, plant physiology includes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3085661", "score": "0.8580406", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Pharmacognosy", "text": "welcomed the scientific investigation of a rigorous nature. The plant kingdom still holds many species of plants containing substances of medicinal value which have yet to be discovered. Large numbers of plants are constantly being screened for their possible pharmacological value. All plants produce chemical compounds as part of their normal metabolic activities. These phytochemicals are divided into (1) primary metabolites such as sugars and fats, which are found in all plants; and (2) secondary metabolites—compounds which are found in a smaller range of plants, serving a more specific function. For example, some secondary metabolites are toxins used to deter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2962948", "score": "0.85628116", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Herbivore", "text": "Chemical defenses are secondary metabolites produced by the plant that deter herbivory. There are a wide variety of these in nature and a single plant can have hundreds of different chemical defenses. Chemical defenses can be divided into two main groups, carbon-based defenses and nitrogen-based defenses. Plants have also changed features that enhance the probability of attracting natural enemies to herbivores. Some emit semiochemicals, odors that attract natural enemies, while others provide food and housing to maintain the natural enemies’ presence, e.g. ants that reduce herbivory. A given plant species often has many types of defensive mechanisms, mechanical or chemical,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "553969", "score": "0.85591865", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Regulation of pesticides in the European Union", "text": "Regulation of pesticides in the European Union A pesticide, also called Plant Protection Product (PPP), which is a term used in regulatory documents, consists of several different components. The active ingredient in a pesticide is called “active substance” and these active substances either consist of chemicals or micro-organisms. The aims of these active substances are to specifically take action against organisms that are harmful to plants (Art. 2(2), Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009<ref name=\"regulation:1107/2009\"></ref>). In other words, active substances are the active components against pests and plant diseases. In the Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009<ref name=\"regulation:1107/2009\"></ref>, a pesticide is defined based on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20541799", "score": "0.85392004", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Chemical plant", "text": "Chemical plant A chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale. The general objective of a chemical plant is to create new material wealth via the chemical or biological transformation and or separation of materials. Chemical plants use specialized equipment, units, and technology in the manufacturing process. Other kinds of plants, such as polymer, pharmaceutical, food, and some beverage production facilities, power plants, oil refineries or other refineries, natural gas processing and biochemical plants, water and wastewater treatment, and pollution control equipment use many technologies that have similarities to chemical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4793516", "score": "0.8531878", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Carnivorous plant", "text": "whose terminal section is divided into two lobes, hinged along the midrib. Trigger hairs (three on each lobe in \"Dionaea muscipula\", many more in the case of \"Aldrovanda\") inside the trap lobes are sensitive to touch. When a trigger hair is bent, stretch-gated ion channels in the membranes of cells at the base of the trigger hair open, generating an action potential that propagates to cells in the midrib. These cells respond by pumping out ions, which may either cause water to follow by osmosis (collapsing the cells in the midrib) or cause rapid acid growth. The mechanism is still", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12366425", "score": "0.8522613", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Plant physiology", "text": "a recent field of study in plant ecology and on the other hand one of the oldest. Environmental physiology is the preferred name of the subdiscipline among plant physiologists, but it goes by a number of other names in the applied sciences. It is roughly synonymous with ecophysiology, crop ecology, horticulture and agronomy. The particular name applied to the subdiscipline is specific to the viewpoint and goals of research. Whatever name is applied, it deals with the ways in which plants respond to their environment and so overlaps with the field of ecology. Environmental physiologists examine plant response to physical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3085679", "score": "0.8516761", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Pesticide", "text": "broad-spectrum herbicides that kill plants weeds or pests by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase. In the 1960s, more than crop protection chemical was typically applied, while sulfonylureates allow as little as 1% as much material to achieve the same effect. Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. For example, canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal applications and are considered biopesticides. Biopesticides fall into three major classes: Pesticides that are related to the type of pests are: The term pesticide also include these substances: Defoliants: Cause leaves or other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "586819", "score": "0.850338", "original_retrieval_index": 47 } ]

[ "Justices" ]

[ { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "Court of the Philippines was officially established on June 11, 1901 through the passage of Act No. 136, otherwise known as the Judiciary Law of the Second Philippine Commission. By virtue of that law, judicial power in the Philippine Islands was vested in the Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance and Justice of the Peace courts. Other courts were subsequently established. The judicial structure introduced by Act No. 136 was reaffirmed by the US Congress with the passage of the Philippine Bill of 1902. The Administrative Code of 1917 ordained the Supreme Court as the highest tribunal of the Philippines", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349766", "score": "1.0794911", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "out of 99 countries. This makes the Philippines the most improved among ASEAN member nations. \"Results showed that the country ranked high in terms of constraints on government powers (39th); absence of corruption (47th), and open government (50th).\" \"The Philippines, however, fell to the bottom half of the global rankings in terms of regulatory enforcement (52nd); order and security (58th); criminal justice (66th); fundamental rights (67th), and civil justice (75th).\" \"Watch the Supreme Court\" coalition was launched at the Training Center, Ground Floor, Supreme Court Centennial Bldg on November 17, 2008, \"to ensure the fair and honest selection of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349778", "score": "1.0776362", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Politics of the Philippines", "text": "or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the Government. The President may issue executive orders, proclamations or other executive issuance. The Supreme Court is also vested the powers to promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights. The Philippines adopts the dualist system in Incorporation of international law. The local legislative assemblies may enact local ordinances within their respective territorial and political boundaries in accordance to the local autonomy granted by the Local Government Code. Elections are administered by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "315892", "score": "1.0756772", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "mandamus may be availed of only if \"there is no appeal, or any plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.\" However, notwithstanding the grant of original jurisdiction, the Court has, through the years, assigned to lower courts such as the Court of Appeals the power to hear petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and habeas corpus. As a result, the Court has considerable discretion to refuse to hear these petitions filed directly before it on the ground that such should have been filed instead with the Court of Appeals or the appropriate lower court. Nonetheless,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349761", "score": "1.0716815", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Supreme court", "text": "fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court \"form part of the law of the land\", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7671932", "score": "1.0693036", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "lower courts, although there are notable exceptions to this rule. The Court also refuses to entertain cases originally filed before it that should have been filed first with the trial courts. The other mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an original petition filed directly with the Supreme Court, in cases that the Constitution establishes \"original jurisdiction\" with the Supreme Court. Under Section 5(1), Article VIII of the Constitution, they are \"cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.\" Resort to certiorari, prohibition and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349760", "score": "1.0646827", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Articles of Impeachment against Chief Justice Renato Corona", "text": "republican form of government that no other department may pass upon judgments of the Supreme Court.” Corona's Answer cites the 1990 case of Maglasang vs. People, where the Court declared that “the Supreme Court is supreme—the third great department of government entrusted exclusively with the judicial power to adjudicate with finality all justiciable disputes, public and private.” In that landmark case, the High Court stressed that “No other department or agency may pass upon its judgments or declare them unjust. Consequently, and owing to the foregoing, not even the President of the Philippines as Chief Executive may pass judgment on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16457950", "score": "1.0636753", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "and the procedural rules to be observed in all courts. The more prominent role of the Court is located in the exercise of its judicial functions. Section 1 of Article VIII contains definition of judicial power that had not been found in previous constitutions. The judicial power is vested in “one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” This judicial power is exercised through the judiciary’s primary role of adjudication, which includes the “duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349754", "score": "1.0632238", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "1987 Constitution. These functions may be generally divided into two – judicial functions and administrative functions. The administrative functions of the Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees, as well as over members of the Philippine bar. Pursuant to these functions, the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary. The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to the practice of law, for legal assistance to the underprivileged,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349753", "score": "1.0533472", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "The Supreme Court of the Philippines (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas; colloquially referred to by the Spanish: Corte Suprema), is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has \"administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "Until 1945, the Court met in Cavite. A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge \"must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.\" Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice, the President", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349750", "score": "1.049865", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "which heretofore was under the Department of Justice. After the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, President Corazon Aquino, using her emergency powers, promulgated a transitory charter known as the “Freedom Constitution” which did not affect the composition and powers of the Supreme Court. The Freedom Charter was replaced by the 1987 Constitution which is the fundamental charter in force in the Philippines at present. Section 1 Article VIII of the Constitution vests the judicial power “in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” The Supreme Court approved the Writ of Amparo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349769", "score": "1.0341117", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Politics of the Philippines", "text": "legal cases. The Philippine Legal System is a hybrid form based on the Spanish Civil Law and Anglo-American Common Law system, Muslim regions observe the Sharia Law as binding legal system in accordance to their Islamic traditions The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and laws passed by the Congress shall be consistent with the Constitution. Under the Civil Code of the Philippines, Judicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution is part of the legal system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies in deciding legal controversies. The court may exercise judicial review to determine whether", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "315891", "score": "1.0253359", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Legal education in the Philippines", "text": "School are of this mold), and second, simply changing the name of the degree conferred from \"LL.B.\" to \"J.D.\" while essentially retaining the same course offerings as those in the DECS Model Law Curriculum (DECS Order No. 27, series of 1989). The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines has given the Supreme Court the sole power to admit individuals to the practice of law in the Philippines. This power is exercised through a Bar Examination Committee, an ad hoc academic group tasked to formulate questions, administer proceedings, grade examinations, rank candidates, and release the results of the Philippine Bar Examination. To", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10383126", "score": "1.02319", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Judicial review in the Philippines", "text": "Hence, Section 1, Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution states in part that:\"Judicial power includes the duty of courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.\" See also: Judicial review in the Philippines As early as 1936, the Philippine Supreme Court had unequivocally asserted its constitutional authority to engage in judicial review. This power was affirmed in the Supreme Court decision", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13459407", "score": "1.0183624", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the Philippines. As of November 28, 2018, the position is currently held by Lucas Bersamin, who was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte following the mandatory retirement of his predecessor Teresita Leonardo-De Castro in October 2018. The Chief Justice, who was first named in June 11, 1901 in the person of Cayetano Arellano, is the oldest existing major governmental office continually held by a Filipino, preceding the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5713021", "score": "1.0175244", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.” The definition reaffirms the power of the Supreme Court to engage in judicial review, a power that had traditionally belonged to the Court even before this provision was enacted. Still, this new provision effectively dissuades from the easy resort to the political question doctrine as a means of declining to review a law or state action, as was often done by the Court during the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349755", "score": "1.016838", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Government of the Philippines", "text": "is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the President. Judicial power is vested in the courts with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body. The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines which consists of the Senate of the Philippines Senate and House of Representatives. The upper house is located in Pasay City, while the lower house is located in Quezon City. Both are in Metro Manila. The district and sectoral representatives are elected for a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5713007", "score": "1.0160019", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "by a Royal Decree issued on July 4, 1861, but its decisions were appealable to the Supreme Court of Spain sitting in Madrid. On February 26, 1886, a territorial \"Audiencia\" was organized in Cebu, followed by an \"Audiencia\" for criminal cases in Vigan. However, the pre-eminence of the Supreme Court as the sole interpreter of the law was unknown during the Spanish regime. From 1898 to 1901 there was no Supreme Court as the new American Governor-General of the Philippines abolished the colonial Real Audiencia of Manila as the Philippines was under US military law under military rule. The Supreme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349765", "score": "1.0117016", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Patents in the Philippines", "text": "exercising quasi-judicial functions, including the Office of the President. The court can reverse, affirm, or modify the judgement that was previously made. It can also remand the case to the regional trial courts for a new trial or a retrial, or dismiss the case entirely. If the applicant is still not satisfied with the decision of the Court of Appeals, then the decision on application of the patent may be appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has the duty to \"settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19457277", "score": "1.010993", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "a result, the existence of “grave abuse of discretion” on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government is sufficient basis to nullify state action. The Court is authorized to sit either \"en banc\" or in divisions of 3, 5 or 7 members. Since the 1970s, the Court has constituted itself in 3 divisions with 5 members each. A majority of the cases are heard and decided by the divisions, rather than the court \"en banc\". However, the Constitution requires that the Court hear \"en banc\" “[a]ll cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349756", "score": "1.010784", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "as well as “those involving the constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations, orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations”. The Court \"en banc\" also decides cases originally heard by a division when a majority vote cannot be reached within the division. The Court also has the discretion to hear a case \"en banc\" even if no constitutional issue is involved, as it typically does if the decision would reverse precedent or presents novel or important questions. Far and away the most common mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an appeal from a decision rendered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349757", "score": "1.0096972", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "the constitution. Supreme court and high courts are empowered to frame \"suo moto\" cases without receiving the formal petitions/complaints on any suspected injustice including actions/acts indulging in contempt of court and contempt of the constitution by the executive, legislators, citizens, etc. The main purpose of supreme court is to decide constitutional issues. It is the duty of the judiciary to frame \"suo moto\" cases or to probe the cases/petitions at the earliest against the executive or legislature when laws are implemented violating the basic foundation and basic structure of the constitution as the Article 38 (1) of directive principles ensures", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390759", "score": "1.004699", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Supreme court", "text": "decisions, known as \"arresten\", are absolutely final. The court is banned from testing legislation against the constitution, pursuant to the principle of the sovereignty of the States-General; the court can, however, test legislation against some treaties. Also, the ordinary courts in the Netherlands, including the Hoge Raad, do not deal with administrative law, which is dealt with in separate administrative courts, the highest of which is the Council of State (Raad van State) While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7671931", "score": "1.004308", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office.\" Since 1901, only Associate Justice Austria-Martinez had resigned for health reasons. In September, 2008, Austria-Martinez, citing health reasons, filed a letter to the Court through Chief Justice Reynato Puno, tendering her resignation effective April 30, 2009, or 15 months before her compulsory retirement on December 19, 2010. This was followed by Justice Martin Villarama Jr., who resigned in January 2016 due to health reasons. The powers of the Supreme Court are defined in Article VIII of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349752", "score": "1.000692", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of the Philippines", "text": "by a lower court. Appealed cases generally originate from lawsuits or criminal indictments filed and tried before the trial courts. These decisions of the trial courts may then be elevated on appeal to the Court of Appeals, or more rarely, directly to the Supreme Court if only “questions of law” are involved. Apart from decisions of the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court may also directly review on appeal decisions rendered by the Sandiganbayan and the Court of Tax Appeals. Decisions rendered by administrative agencies are not directly appealable to the Supreme Court, they must be first challenged before the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4349758", "score": "0.99481946", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Congress of the Philippines", "text": "classifiable under this category are: Powers of the Congress that are executive in nature are: The Congress of the Philippines exercises considerable control and supervision over the administrative branch - e.g.: Considered as electoral power of the Congress of the Philippines are the Congress' power to: Constitutionally, each house has judicial powers: The other powers of Congress mandated by the Constitution are as follows: The vote requirements in the Congress of the Philippines are as follows: In most cases, such as the approval of bills, only a majority of members present is needed; on some cases such as the election", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1972936", "score": "0.987943", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Judicial review in the Philippines", "text": "Judicial review in the Philippines As early as 1936, the Philippine Supreme Court had unequivocally asserted its constitutional authority to engage in judicial review. This power was affirmed in the Supreme Court decision in \"Angara v. Electoral Commission\", 63 Phil. 139 (1936). Nonetheless, the Supreme Court would, in the next several decades, often decline to exercise judicial review by invoking the political question doctrine. In 1987, the constitutional convention formed to draft a new charter decided to provide for a definition of \"judicial power\" as a means of inhibiting the Supreme Court from frequently resorting to the political question doctrine.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13459406", "score": "0.9829072", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Court of Appeals of the Philippines", "text": "Commission on Appointments of the National Assembly. It had exclusive appellate jurisdiction of all cases not falling under the original and exclusive appellate jurisdiction of the seven (7)-man Supreme Court. Its decisions in those cases were final, except when the Supreme Court upon petition for certiorari on questions of law required that the case be certified to it for review. It had also original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, injunction, certiorari, habeas corpus and all other auxiliary writs in aid of its appellate jurisdiction. The Court then sat either en banc or in two divisions, one of six", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9374214", "score": "0.9775438", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Admission to practice law", "text": "to be given the rights of audience in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The exams are usually conducted to ensure that the quality of lawyers being produced is maintained to a certain level. The interview is then another opportunity for a senior judge and members of the provincial Bar Council to meet the candidate and see if he or she is fit to be admitted as an advocate of the lower courts/ High Courts or the Supreme Court. To practice law in the Philippines, one must have fulfilled the non-academic and academic requirements. For non-academic requirements, one must be a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7946888", "score": "0.97692966", "original_retrieval_index": 46 } ]

[ "Glenn Close" ]

[ { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "Roger designs a successful video game featuring dalmatian puppies as the protagonists and Cruella as the villain and they move to the countryside with their millions. Roger and Anita have a baby daughter, and a year later the puppies have grown up with puppies of their own. The animatronic creatures used in the film are provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. Minster Court was used as the exterior of Cruella De Vil's fashion house. Sarum Chase was used as the exterior of her home. Cruella De Vil's car is a modified 1974 Panther De Ville. \"101 Dalmatians\" was released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520485", "score": "1.2870084", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "102 Dalmatians", "text": "(better known as \"Cruella De Vil (102 Dalmatians),\" sung by Camara Kambon and Mark Campbell of Jack Mack and the Heart Attack a derivation of \"Cruella de Vil\"). The film opened at the third position behind M. Night Shyamalan's \"Unbreakable\" and Ron Howard's \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas.\" The film did well at the box office, earning $67 million in the U.S. and $116.7 million overseas, bringing its total to $183.6 million worldwide. After premiering in New Zealand, the film received positive reviews and was described by media as a \"howling success\". In the United States, the film received generally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4840055", "score": "1.2728237", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Betty Lou Gerson", "text": "Betty Lou Gerson Betty Lou Gerson (April 20, 1914 – January 12, 1999) was an American actress, predominantly active in radio, but also in film and television, and as a voice actress. She is best known as the voice of the villainous, selfish socialite Cruella de Vil from Walt Disney's animated film, \"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\" (1961) for which she was named a Disney Legend in 1996. Gerson was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee on April 20, 1914, but raised in Birmingham, Alabama, where her father was an executive with a steel company. She was Jewish. She was educated in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4741733", "score": "1.2425501", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "Several weeks later, she returns when a litter of 15 puppies are born and offers Roger and Anita £7,500 for them, but they refuse. Enraged, Cruella dismisses Anita and vows revenge against her and Roger. One winter evening, she has her henchmen, Jasper and Horace break into their home and steal the puppies, while Roger and Anita are walking in the park with Pongo and Perdy. Along with 84 other dalmatians that were previously stolen, they deliver them to her ancient country estate, De Vil Mansion. Jasper and Horace also asks Skinner to kill and skin them to create her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520481", "score": "1.2360601", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "102 Dalmatians", "text": "that was entitled \"\", was released in 2000, with Frankie Muniz as the voice of Domino, Molly Marlette as the voice of Oddball and Susanne Blakeslee as the voice of Cruella de Vil. Horace and Jasper also appeared in the game despite not being present in the film. 102 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians is a 2000 American crime family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his live-action directorial debut and produced by Edward S. Feldman and Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film \"101 Dalmatians\", a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated film of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4840057", "score": "1.2301954", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "Roger discovers that Pongo likes Perdy. Her owner, Anita Campbell-Green falls in love with Roger when they meet. They both fall into the lake as a result of their dogs chasing each other, but they return to Roger's home and Anita accepts his proposal. They get married along with Perdy and Pongo. Anita works as a fashion designer at the House of de Vil. Her boss, the pampered and very glamorous Cruella de Vil, has a deep passion for fur, going so far as to have a taxidermist, Mr Skinner, skin a white tiger at the London Zoo to make", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520479", "score": "1.2282579", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians", "text": "had left directing duties for \"Cruella\" due to scheduling conflicts and will be replaced by the \"I, Tonya\" director Craig Gillespie. One Hundred and One Dalmatians One Hundred and One Dalmatians, often abbreviated as 101 Dalmatians, is a 1961 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the 1956 novel \"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\" by Dodie Smith. The 17th Disney animated feature film, the film tells the story of a litter of Dalmatian puppies who are kidnapped by the villainous Cruella de Vil, who wants to use their fur to make into coats. Their parents, Pongo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520746", "score": "1.2156508", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians (franchise)", "text": "fall in love and marry, keeping Pongo and Perdita together too. After Perdita gives birth to a litter of 15 puppies, Anita's old school friend Cruella De Vil wants to buy them all. Roger declines her offer, so Cruella hires the criminal Badun brothers to steal them – so she can have a fur coat. (also known as \"101 Dalmatians: The Animated Sequel\") is a 2003 British-American direct-to-video animated adventure musical comedy-drama film produced by Disney Television Animation, and released by Walt Disney Home Entertainment on January 21, 2003. The film is the sequel to the 1961 Disney animated film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18201627", "score": "1.2106118", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "afterwards, the fleeing dalmatians (including Lucky) are found and sent home via the Suffolk Constabulary, while those looking for Cruella arrive at the farm to arrest her. In the police van, she belittles Jasper, Horace, and Skinner for their incompetence before they are sprayed by a skunk which she had mistaken for her bag. Pongo, Perdy and their puppies are reunited with Roger and Anita. After being informed that the remaining 84 puppies have no home to go to, as they have not yet been claimed by their original owners, they decide to adopt them, bringing the total to 101.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520484", "score": "1.2018586", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "to Roger's home and Anita accepts his proposal. They get married along with Perdita and Pongo. Anita works as a fashion designer at the House of de Vil. Her boss, the pampered and very glamorous Cruella de Vil (Glenn Close), has a deep passion for fur, going so far as to have a taxidermist, Mr Skinner, skin a white tiger at the London Zoo to make it into a rug for her. Anita, inspired by her dalmatian, designs a coat made with spotted fur. Cruella is intrigued by the idea of making garments out of actual dalmatians, and finds it", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "to carry out the job herself, while Jasper and Horace attempt to search for them also. After several mishaps, Jasper and Horace discover nearby police on the hunt for Cruella and her henchmen and hand themselves in, joining Skinner who was beaten earlier while trying to kill Lucky (one of the 15 puppies), who had been left behind. Meanwhile, Cruella tracks the puppies to the farm where they are hiding and tries to retrieve them. However, the animals outwit her, cause her to fall into a vat of molasses and get thrown through a window into a pig pen. Shortly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520483", "score": "1.2018584", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians", "text": "what I did on \"Dalmatians\" wasn't so bad. That was the last time I ever saw him. Then, a few weeks later, I learned he was gone. As with the previous Disney films, actors provided live-action reference in order to determine what would work before the animation process begun. Actress Helene Stanley performed the live-action reference for the character of Anita. She did the same work for the characters of Cinderella and Princess Aurora in \"Sleeping Beauty\". Meanwhile, Mary Wickes provided the live-action reference for Cruella de Vil. Marc Davis was the sole animator on Cruella De Vil. During production,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520730", "score": "1.1913772", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "102 Dalmatians", "text": "Production began in December 1998 and ended in mid-November 1999. The film was set to be released on June 30, 2000, but was pushed back to November 22, 2000. Oxford Prison was used for the scene as Cruella walked out of prison. \"102 Dalmatians\" was filmed partially in Paris. On November 7, 2000, Disney released the soundtrack to the movie, including pre-eminently, a cover of Paul Anka's \"Puppy Love\" (sung by Myra) and original songs: Mike Himelstein's \"What Can a Bird Do?\" (voiced by Jeff Bennett), \"My Spot in the World\" (sung by Lauren Christy) and \"Cruella De Vil 2000\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4840054", "score": "1.1880776", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cruella de Vil", "text": "dogs. The episode also included a parody of the song, \"Be Our Guest\" from another Disney film \"Beauty and the Beast\". Coco LaBouche, the antagonist of the \"Rugrats\" 2000 spin-off film \"Rugrats in Paris\", has some of the same characteristics as Cruella. In the \"Jessie\" episode \"101 Lizards\", Mrs. Chesterfield plays a role similar to Cruella de Vil. Cruella de Vil appeared in a \"Robot Chicken\" skit called \"101 Dalmatian Reproduction\" in the episode \"Yogurt in a Bag\". Cruella de Vil Cruella de Vil (spelled de Vil in the novel, spelled De Vil by Disney) is a character created by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4640802", "score": "1.187845", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians", "text": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians One Hundred and One Dalmatians, often abbreviated as 101 Dalmatians, is a 1961 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the 1956 novel \"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\" by Dodie Smith. The 17th Disney animated feature film, the film tells the story of a litter of Dalmatian puppies who are kidnapped by the villainous Cruella de Vil, who wants to use their fur to make into coats. Their parents, Pongo and Perdita, set out to save their children from Cruella, all the while rescuing 84 additional puppies that were bought in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520714", "score": "1.187544", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians", "text": "looking \"through old magazines for hairdos from 1940 till now.\" Her coat was exaggerated to match her oversized personality, and the lining was red because \"there's a devil image involved.\" Before starring in high-profile roles such as \"The Birds\" and \"The Time Machine\", Australian actor Rod Taylor had extensive radio experience, and was cast as Pongo. The filmmakers deliberately cast dogs with deeper voices than their human owners so they had more power. Walt Disney originally had Lisa Davis read for the role of Cruella De Vil, but she did not think that she was right for the part, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520732", "score": "1.1529429", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The 101 Dalmatians Musical", "text": "The 101 Dalmatians Musical The 101 Dalmatians Musical is a musical produced by Luis Alvarez, directed by Jerry Zaks, and sponsored by Purina Dog Chow. The music written by former Styx member Dennis DeYoung, who also co-wrote the lyrics with the musical's book author B. T. McNicholl. Based on the 1956 children's novel \"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\" written by Dodie Smith, the musical follows a pair of Dalmatian dogs as they search through London in search of their litter of fifteen puppies, which were stolen by Cruella DeVil to make dog skin fur coats. The musical features Rachel York", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13961034", "score": "1.1501181", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The 101 Dalmatians Musical", "text": "and ones adopted from various rescue groups around the country. After the production has finished its run, the dogs will be put up for adoption. To achieve the novel's telling of the story from the canine perspective, actors portraying human characters were set on 15-inch stilts so that they would be taller than the canine characters, and the puppies are played by child actors. Rachel York was cast as the infamous Cruella DeVil. After a workshop in Mexico, \"The 101 Dalmatians Musical\" made its worldwide debut in October 2009 at the Orpheum Theatre in Minneapolis. As of 2010, it is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13961039", "score": "1.1401186", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Glenn Close", "text": "Close began to appear in television movies rather than doing theatrical films in the early 2000s. She returned as Cruella de Vil in \"102 Dalmatians\" (2000). Although the film received mixed reviews, it performed well at the box office. Close later filmed \"The Safety of Objects\" which premiered in 2001, a movie about four suburban families dealing with maladies. This was Kristen Stewart's first film role, and Close and Stewart would later reunite in the 2015 film \"Anesthesia\". Close starred in \"Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her\" in the same year, this would be one of many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "549520", "score": "1.132863", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue", "text": "102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue 102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue is a platform video game developed by Toys for Bob and published by Eidos Interactive for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, Dreamcast and Game Boy Color. It is loosely based on the live-action Disney movie \"102 Dalmatians\". Two Dalmatian puppies, Oddball and Domino, are out in the backyard looking for treasure. They find a toy buried in a park that was made at one of Cruella de Vil's toy factories; this alludes to the fact that Cruella's toy sales are down. Facing financial ruin from lack of sales, Cruella sets", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8297986", "score": "1.1323723", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians", "text": "five new songs and a new recording of the original film's famous song \"Cruella De Vil\". A review in \"The Austin Chronicle\" said of Disney's Animated Storybook: Disney's 101 Dalmatians, \"The dogs are adorable and Cruella is deliciously wicked. The style elements, too, are vividly woven in\". Ot praised the inclusion of brain-stimulating puzzles, and a theasaurus feature for \"highlighted words in the narration\". It adds \"the true genius of a disk like this is that Mom or Dad won't mind serving as a booster seat for son or daughter at the family computer hutch\". When comparing the \"Hunchback\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19735659", "score": "1.1291311", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Disney's Animated Storybook", "text": "and lets her interact with the story. Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians is the sixth entry in the \"Disney's Animated Storybook\" point-and-click adventure interactive storybook PC game series, based on theatrical and home video releases. This game was based on the 1961 film of the same name and its live-action remake. Like the two films, the plot of the game sees the villainous fashionista Cruella de Vil steal a series of dalmatian puppies from married couple Roger and Anita and their pets Pongo and Perdita, who then attempt to rescue them back. The game was developed by Media Station and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17297250", "score": "1.1279672", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "it into a rug for her. Anita, inspired by her Dalmatian, designs a coat made with spotted fur. Cruella is intrigued by the idea of making garments out of actual Dalmatians, and finds it amusing that it would seem as if she was wearing Anita's dog. Anita soon discovers that Perdy is pregnant and is then informed by Nanny that she (Anita) is, too, much to her shock. Some time later, Cruella visits their home and expresses contempt upon meeting Roger. Her initial disgust at them having a baby turns to excitement when she finds out Perdy is expecting too.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520480", "score": "1.125907", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The 101 Dalmatians Musical", "text": "day Missus gives birth to eight puppies, and the family is visited by Cruella De Vil, a former classmate of Mrs. Dearly. Cruella tries to buy the litter, but Pongo and Missus' owners refuse to sell them. She hires two men, Jasper and Jinx, to kidnap the puppies, along with many other Dalmatians in the city, to make dog-skinned fur coats. Pongo and Missus run away from home to find their puppies. With help from other dogs across the country, they find them, along with many other puppies, at Cruella's mansion and must get them back home without getting caught", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13961036", "score": "1.119986", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians", "text": "Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians is the sixth entry in the \"Disney's Animated Storybook\" point-and-click adventure interactive storybook Windows/Mac game series, based on theatrical and home video releases. This game was based on the 1961 film of the same name and its live-action remake. Like the two films, the plot of the game sees the villainous fashionista Cruella de Vil steal a series of dalmatian puppies from married couple Roger and Anita and their pets Pongo and Perdita, who then attempt to rescue them back. The game was developed by American studio Media Station and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19735654", "score": "1.1119564", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "text": "coat. With the family devastated at the loss of their puppies, Pongo uses the twilight bark to carry the message via the dogs and other animals of Britain, while Roger and Anita notify the Metropolitan Police. A dog who had witnessed the stolen puppies follows Jasper and Horace to the mansion, and finds all of them inside, before helping them escape under the duo's noses. They make their way to a nearby farm, where they are later joined by Pongo and Perdy. Cruella arrives at the mansion and soon discovers what has happened. Angry with the thieves' failure, she decides", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520482", "score": "1.1107068", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians", "text": "drama, this is it.\" However, the film did receive a few negative reviews. In 2011, Craig Berman of MSNBC ranked it and its 1996 remake as two of the worst children's films of all time, saying that, \"The plot itself is a bit nutty. Making a coat out of dogs? Who does that? But worse than Cruella de Vil's fashion sense is the fact that your children will definitely start asking for a Dalmatian of their own for their next birthday\". The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported the film received an approval rating of 98% based on 30 reviews", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520743", "score": "1.1077435", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "One Hundred and One Dalmatians", "text": "wanted to try reading the role of Anita. Disney agreed with her after the two of them read the script for a second time. Betty Lou Gerson, who was previously the narrator for \"Cinderella\", auditioned for the role of Cruella De Vil in front of Marc Davis and sequence director Wolfgang Reitherman, and landed it. While searching for the right accent of the character, Gerson landed on a \"phony theatrical voice, someone who's set sail from New York but hasn't quite reached England.\" During the recording process, she was thought to be imitating Tallulah Bankhead. However, Gerson disputed, \"Well, I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1520733", "score": "1.1071682", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure", "text": "the two spend time together, they develop a more closer bond with each other. Meanwhile, with Thunderbolt gone, Lil' Lightning tricks the producers into making himself the hero of his own show. Elsewhere in London, Cruella de Vil has returned, but she is under probation and a restraining order for her past behavior. No longer allowed to maintain her previous lifestyle, she attempts to soothe her fixation on spots with the help of Lars, a French beatnik artist. In order to inspire him, she restarts her hunt for the dalmatians, using a newspaper picture of Patch to find their new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4904031", "score": "1.1068089", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "The 101 Dalmatians Musical", "text": "as the infamous Cruella DeVil, and has actors sharing the stage with fifteen real Dalmatians and using stilts to simulate the novel's original canine perspective. The musical was praised by critics for the cast performances, particularly York, and the innovative use of stilts and live dogs. While the plot was generally praised, several reviews noted that the plot suffered from filler and excessive scenes. Reviewers also generally found the music to be fun but forgettable. In London in 1957, a pair of Dalmatian dogs, Pongo and Missus, live with their human owners, the Dearlys, and enjoy a happy life. One", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13961035", "score": "1.105247", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

[ "feathers", "hair", "wool", "fur", "silk" ]

[ { "title": "Textile", "text": "a pH similar to human skin and possesses anti-bacterial properties. It is marketed as a biodegradable, renewable synthetic fibre. Carbon fibre is mostly used in composite materials, together with resin, such as carbon fibre reinforced plastic. The fibres are made from polymer fibres through carbonization. Weaving is a textile production method which involves interlacing a set of longer threads (called the warp) with a set of crossing threads (called the weft). This is done on a frame or machine known as a loom, of which there are a number of types. Some weaving is still done by hand, but the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "629298", "score": "0.8314053", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Wheat allergy", "text": "wheat gluten. Proteins are made of a chain of dehydrated amino acids. When enzymes cut proteins into pieces they add water back to the site at which they cut, called enzymatic hydrolysis, for proteins it is called proteolysis. The initial products of this hydrolysis are polypeptides, and smaller products are called simply peptides; these are called \"wheat protein hydrolysates\". These hydrolysates can create allergens out of wheat proteins that previously did not exist by the exposure of buried antigenic sites in the proteins. When proteins are cut into polypeptides, buried regions are exposed to the surface, and these buried regions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8728112", "score": "0.82655597", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Fruit 'n Fibre", "text": "Fruit 'n Fibre Fruit 'n Fibre is a breakfast cereal produced by Kellogg's and sold in various countries. It consists of wheat flakes, dried fruit (sultanas, raisins, coconut, banana, and apple) and hazelnuts. Versions of this cereal are also produced by other companies under similar names, such as Fruit & Fibre. The Kellogg's version is also known as Optima Fruit & Fibre in some markets (this name was used in the UK for a short period from 1997, but was eventually changed back). One of Fruit 'n Fibre's main selling points is its relatively high level of dietary fibre, although", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6140164", "score": "0.8215918", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Fruit 'n Fibre", "text": "with no version of Fruit & Fiber currently available in the U.S. One advertising campaign featured the tagline, \"Tastes so good, you'll forget the fiber,\" as cereal eaters in the commercial would try to remember the name of the brand. Another campaign in the U.S. featured comedian Tim Conway insisting on pronouncing the word \"fibre\" using the French pronunciation, sounding something like \"FEE - bray\". Fruit 'n Fibre Fruit 'n Fibre is a breakfast cereal produced by Kellogg's and sold in various countries. It consists of wheat flakes, dried fruit (sultanas, raisins, coconut, banana, and apple) and hazelnuts. Versions of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6140166", "score": "0.82064855", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Elastic fiber", "text": "Elastic fiber Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan. Elastic tissue is classified as \"connective tissue proper\". The elastic fiber is formed from the elastic microfibril (consisting of numerous proteins such as microfibrillar-associated glycoproteins, fibrillin, fibullin, and the elastin receptor) and amorphous elastin. The microfibril scaffolds and organizes the deposition of amorphous elastin. Amorphous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4588232", "score": "0.8018424", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Fibre supplements", "text": "Fibre supplements Fibre supplements (or fiber supplements) are considered to be a form of a subgroup of functional dietary fibre, and in the United States are defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). According to the IOM, functional fibre \"consists of isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans\". Fibre supplements are widely available, and can be found in forms such as powders, tablets, and capsules. Consumption of fibre supplements may be for: improving dietary intake, lowering blood cholesterol, alleviating irritable bowel syndrome, reducing the risk of colon cancer, and increasing feelings of satiety. Excessive fibre intake can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14011957", "score": "0.8018053", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Bast fibre", "text": "Bast fibre Bast fibre (also called phloem fibre or skin fibre) is plant fibre collected from the phloem (the \"inner bark\", sometimes called \"skin\") or bast surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants. They support the conductive cells of the phloem and provide strength to the stem. Some of the economically important bast fibres are obtained from herbs cultivated in agriculture, as for instance flax, hemp, or ramie, but also bast fibres from wild plants, as stinging nettle, and trees such as lime or linden, wisteria, and mulberry have been used in the past. Bast fibres are classified as soft", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6171158", "score": "0.8007169", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Knotted protein", "text": "of web servers were available, providing convenient query services for knotted structures and analysis tools for detecting protein knots. Knotted protein Knotted proteins are proteins whose backbones entangle themselves in a knot. One can imagine pulling a protein chain from both termini, as though pulling a string from both ends. When a knotted protein is “pulled” from both termini, it does not get disentangled. Knotted proteins are interesting because they are very rare, and their folding mechanisms and function are not well understood. Although there have been some experimental and theoretical studies that hinted to some answers, systematic answers to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15872492", "score": "0.79259515", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Meat", "text": "stored energy into muscle power. The two most abundant myofibrillar proteins, myosin and actin, are responsible for the muscle's overall structure. The remaining protein mass consists of connective tissue (collagen and elastin) as well as organelle tissue. Fat in meat can be either adipose tissue, used by the animal to store energy and consisting of \"true fats\" (esters of glycerol with fatty acids), or intramuscular fat, which contains considerable quantities of phospholipids and of unsaponifiable constituents such as cholesterol. Meat can be broadly classified as \"red\" or \"white\" depending on the concentration of myoglobin in muscle fibre. When myoglobin is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "250808", "score": "0.7910756", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Animal fiber", "text": "Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are silk, hair/fur (including wool) and feathers. The animal fibers used most commonly both in the manufacturing world as well as by the hand spinners are wool from domestic sheep and silk. Also very popular are alpaca fiber and mohair from Angora goats. Unusual fibers such as Angora wool from rabbits and Chiengora from dogs also exist, but are rarely used for mass production.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Textile", "text": "and siding, acoustical ceilings, stage curtains, and fire blankets. Glass fibre is used in the production of ironing board and mattress covers, ropes and cables, reinforcement fibre for composite materials, insect netting, flame-retardant and protective fabric, soundproof, fireproof, and insulating fibres. Glass fibres are woven and coated with Teflon to produce beta cloth, a virtually fireproof fabric which replaced nylon in the outer layer of United States space suits since 1968. Metal fibre, metal foil, and metal wire have a variety of uses, including the production of cloth-of-gold and jewellery. Hardware cloth (US term only) is a coarse woven mesh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "629294", "score": "0.78980994", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Elasticity of cell membranes", "text": "in 1972. In this model, the cell membrane surface is modeled as a two-dimensional fluid-like lipid bilayer where the lipid molecules can move freely. The proteins are partially or fully embedded in the lipid bilayer. Fully embedded proteins are called integral membrane proteins because they traverse the entire thickness of the lipid bilayer. These communicate information and matter between the interior and the exterior of the cell. Proteins that are only partially embedded in the bilayer are called peripheral membrane proteins. The membrane skeleton is a network of proteins below the bilayer that links with the proteins in the lipid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9319832", "score": "0.7886185", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Carbohydrate", "text": "certain proteins. Fructose, or fruit sugar, is found in many plants and in humans, it is metabolized in the liver, absorbed directly into the intestines during digestion, and found in semen. Trehalose, a major sugar of insects, is rapidly hydrolyzed into two glucose molecules to support continuous flight. Two joined monosaccharides are called a disaccharide and these are the simplest polysaccharides. Examples include sucrose and lactose. They are composed of two monosaccharide units bound together by a covalent bond known as a glycosidic linkage formed via a dehydration reaction, resulting in the loss of a hydrogen atom from one monosaccharide", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "73468", "score": "0.787195", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Amino acid", "text": "by precipitation from water by adjusting the pH to the required isoelectric point. Amino acids are the structural units (monomers) that make up proteins. They join together to form short polymer chains called peptides or longer chains called either polypeptides or proteins. These polymers are linear and unbranched, with each amino acid within the chain attached to two neighboring amino acids. The process of making proteins encoded by DNA/RNA genetic material is called \"translation\" and involves the step-by-step addition of amino acids to a growing protein chain by a ribozyme that is called a ribosome. The order in which the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12715", "score": "0.7866727", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Aleurone", "text": "Aleurone Aleurone (from Greek \"aleuron\", flour) is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers. The term also describes one of the two major cell types of the endosperm, the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. This layer of cells is sometimes referred to as the peripheral endosperm. It lies between the pericarp and the hyaline layer of the endosperm. Unlike the cells of the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells remain alive at maturity. Aleurone proteins can have two different morphological features, homogenous and heterogeneous. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6414180", "score": "0.78491473", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Polysaccharide", "text": "white blood cells. The uterus also stores glycogen during pregnancy, to nourish the embryo. Glycogen is composed of a branched chain of glucose residues. It is stored in liver and muscles. Arabinoxylans are found in both the primary and secondary cell walls of plants and are the copolymers of two sugars: arabinose and xylose. They may also have beneficial effects on human health. The structural components of plants are formed primarily from cellulose. Wood is largely cellulose and lignin, while paper and cotton are nearly pure cellulose. Cellulose is a polymer made with repeated glucose units bonded together by \"beta-\"linkages.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "325281", "score": "0.78280735", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Textile", "text": "to dry quickly. A sintered felt of olefin fibres is sold under the trade name Tyvek. Ingeo is a polylactide fibre blended with other fibres such as cotton and used in clothing. It is more hydrophilic than most other synthetics, allowing it to wick away perspiration. Lurex is a metallic fibre used in clothing embellishment. Milk proteins have also been used to create synthetic fabric. Milk or casein fibre cloth was developed during World War I in Germany, and further developed in Italy and America during the 1930s. Milk fibre fabric is not very durable and wrinkles easily, but has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "629297", "score": "0.7820593", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "William Astbury", "text": "greatest scientific legacy was his rather unusual overcoat. In the late 1930s Astbury and his collaborators A.C. Chibnall and Kennet Bailey showed that by chemical treatment, the molecular chains of soluble seed proteins could be refolded to make them into insoluble fibres. The company ICI was so interested in this idea that they built a pilot production plant in Scotland to a new textile fibre called 'Ardil' that was produced by deliberately altering the molecular structure of the main soluble protein component of monkeynuts to refold it into an insoluble fibre in the hope of using this as a cheap", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6217930", "score": "0.7809004", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Fruit 'n Fibre", "text": "it does not contain as much of this as bran-based cereals (such as Bran Flakes or All-Bran) normally do. A UK advert for the cereal from the 1980s features Ross Kemp and the jingle \"Apples, hazelnuts, bananas; raisins, coconuts, sultanas\". A cereal called \"Fruit & Fiber\" was produced in the United States by Post Cereals in two versions: Dates, Raisins & Walnuts; and Peaches, Raisins & Almonds. Circa 2004, the name was changed to Fruit & Bran; both versions were continued after the name change. Towards the end of 2006, production of Fruit & Bran cereal was discontinued by Post,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6140165", "score": "0.7804026", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Phloem", "text": "is transport of sugars, phloem may also contain cells that have a mechanical support function. These generally fall into two categories: fibres and sclereids. Both cell types have a secondary cell wall and are therefore dead at maturity. The secondary cell wall increases their rigidity and tensile strength. Bast fibres are the long, narrow supportive cells that provide tension strength without limiting flexibility. They are also found in xylem, and are the main component of many textiles such as paper, linen, and cotton. Sclereids are irregularly shaped cells that add compression strength but may reduce flexibility to some extent. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "737597", "score": "0.78020394", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Fibre supplements", "text": "is low, which is the case among inactive elderly. A cereal bran such as psyllium seed husk, or a synthetic fiber such as methylcellulose is often used in this case. S=Soluble, I=Insoluble C=Capsule/Tablet, P=Powder Foods that are high in viscous fibres have been found to lower blood cholesterol by binding with bile acids. In order to compensate for this, cholesterol from the liver may be used to make more bile acids. The products of bacterial fermentation in the colon may also decrease the rate of cholesterol synthesis in the liver. However, research has produced mixed results with respect to whether", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14011959", "score": "0.77990985", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Sarcomere", "text": "Sarcomere A sarcomere (Greek \"sarx\" \"flesh\", \"meros\" \"part\") is the basic unit of striated muscle tissue. It is the repeating unit between two Z lines. Skeletal muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells (myocytes called muscle fibers or myofibers) which are formed in a process known as myogenesis. Muscle fibers contain numerous tubular myofibrils. Myofibrils are composed of repeating sections of sarcomeres, which appear under the microscope as alternating dark and light bands. Sarcomeres are composed of long, fibrous proteins as filaments that slide past each other when a muscle contracts or relaxes. Two of the important proteins are myosin,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2483896", "score": "0.77556574", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Creatorrhea", "text": "Creatorrhea Creatorrhea is the abnormal excretion of muscle fibre in feces. The term is made from the prefix \"creat-\" or \"creato-\" which comes from Greek \"kreas\" meaning \"flesh\". The suffix \"-rrhea\" (or \"-rrhoea\") comes from Greek \"-rrhoia\" meaning \"flow,\" hence discharge. Digestion of food is achieved through a mixture of mechanical and chemical processes. Failure to produce or secrete chemicals known as digestive enzymes can lead to failure digesting or breaking down specific components of ingested food. Where there is a failure to produce, release, or convert trypsinogen—an inactive enzyme precursor or zymogen—muscle fibres are not properly digested and are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16000994", "score": "0.77454937", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Fibre cement", "text": "Fibre cement Fibre cement is a composite building and construction material, used mainly in roofing and facade products because of its strength and durability. One common use is in fiber cement siding on buildings. The term \"cement\" originates from the Latin word \"\"Caementum\"\", which signifies chopped stone. Cement describes a substance which will react chemically with water and develop into a material hard as stone. In fibre cement there is a fibre reinforcement, which contributes to making the fibre-cement material even stronger. Together with a carefully planned production process, fibre cement makes it possible to develop strong and long lasting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14061895", "score": "0.77405447", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "String (structure)", "text": "yarns twisted, and then twisted together. More generally, the term can be applied to a cord. Natural fibres used for making twine include cotton, sisal, jute, hemp, henequen, and coir. A variety of synthetic fibres are also used. Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, and ropemaking. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19241686", "score": "0.7722789", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Bast fibre", "text": "fibres, and are flexible. Fibres from monocotyledonous plants, called \"leaf fibre\", are classified as hard fibres and are stiff. Since the valuable fibres are located in the phloem, they must often be separated from the xylem material (\"woody core\"), and sometimes also from the epidermis. The process for this is called retting, and can be performed by micro-organisms either on land (nowadays the most important) or in water, or by chemicals (for instance high pH and chelating agents) or by pectinolytic enzymes. In the phloem, bast fibres occur in bundles that are glued together by pectin and calcium ions. More", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6171159", "score": "0.77216345", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Calorie", "text": "sample and measuring a temperature change in the surrounding water. Today this method is not commonly used in the USA and has been succeeded by calculating the energy content indirectly from adding up the energy provided by energy-containing nutrients of food (such as protein, carbohydrates and fats). The fibre content is also subtracted to account for the fact fibre is not digested by the body. Calorie A calorie or calory (archaic) is a unit of energy. Various definitions exist but fall into two broad categories. The first, the small calorie (symbol: cal), is defined as the amount of heat energy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "81105", "score": "0.7710435", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "Conchiolin", "text": "Conchiolin Conchiolins (sometimes referred to as conchins) are complex proteins which are secreted by a mollusc's outer epithelium (the mantle). These proteins are part of a matrix of organic macromolecules, mainly proteins and polysaccharides, that assembled together form the microenvironment where crystals nucleate and grow. This organic matrix also holds and binds to the crystals of aragonite which give such shells their stiffness. The ions necessary to form calcium carbonate are also secreted by the mantle, but it is the tailored environment created by the organic matrix which causes aragonite (rather than calcite) crystals to nucleate, in much the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3857253", "score": "0.76981425", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "Test (biology)", "text": "organizational types can also be mixed, or even more complex. Miliolids have a particular arrangement. The surface of the test can be smooth or textured. In ascidians the sheath is sometimes called test as well, and is composed largely of a particular type of cellulose historically termed \"tunicine\". From 1845 (when this was discovered by Schmidt) until 1958 (when cellulose fibres were found in mammalian connective tissue), ascidians were believed to be the only animals that synthesised cellulose. On a strictly scientific point of view, the term \"test\" should be restricted to the hard shell protecting sea urchins and foraminiferans.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897141", "score": "0.7690827", "original_retrieval_index": 52 }, { "title": "Double cloth", "text": "Double cloth Double cloth or double weave (also doublecloth, double-cloth, doubleweave) is a kind of woven textile in which two or more sets of warps and one or more sets of weft or filling yarns are interconnected to form a two-layered cloth. The movement of threads between the layers allows complex patterns and surface textures to be created. In contemporary textile manufacturing, the term \"double cloth\" or \"true double cloth\" is sometimes restricted to fabrics with two warps and three wefts, made up as two distinct fabrics lightly connected by the third or binding weft, but this distinction is not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4435190", "score": "0.76891243", "original_retrieval_index": 54 } ]

[ "puzzle" ]

[ { "title": "Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book", "text": "Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book (Where's Waldo?: The Ultimate Fun Book in America) was a \"Where's Wally?\" activity book released in 1990. The book introduces Wilma, her dog Woof, and the Wally Watchers. Unlike the previous three Where's Wally? books (\"Where's Wally?\", \"Where's Wally Now?\", and \"The Fantastic Journey\"), this book featured various puzzles and games rather than the traditional detailed crowd scenes. The other kinds of additional puzzles included spot-the-differences, coloring pages, and a board game. The book was also a smaller paperback book that included stickers and press-outs. This book introduced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9347937", "score": "1.0963974", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Where's Wally? (book)", "text": "Where's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the \"Where's Wally?\" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader (which are the pictures in the book), and the reader must locate Wally in the postcard. The book became an instant best-seller. \"Where's Wally?\" was re-released in October 1997 in a special 10th anniversary edition form. The location of Wally was changed in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9347861", "score": "1.0757028", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo at the Circus", "text": "Where's Waldo at the Circus Designed for \"children ages 4 through 8\", Where's Waldo at the Circus is a computer video game that immerses the player in a rich interactive environment complete with music, sound, and animation. A team of educators assisted with the game design, and the exercises within it conform to the guidelines of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the California Department of Education. The game is introduced by Waldo himself asking the player to type in his or her name. Once that is done, the player is off to the Big Top to meet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9350038", "score": "1.0652543", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Where's Wally Now?", "text": "since been re-published into a smaller size/format. Where's Wally Now? Where's Wally Now? (called Find Waldo Now and later Where's Waldo Now? in the US) was the second \"Where's Wally?\" book. It was first published in 1988. In the book Wally travels through time as he visits many different locations and events. He also loses a book on each page, which the reader has to find. The book was re-released in October 1997 in a special edition where Wally was moved in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find (Woof, Wizard Whitebeard, Wenda, Odlaw, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11872284", "score": "1.0580556", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Interactive children's book", "text": "different name and personality in the translations. As more books were released the cast of characters grew as well - including Wizard Whitebeard, Wilma, Wenda, Woof, Odlaw and the Waldo Watchers. More Waldo books followed - such as Where's Waldo in Hollywood?, (1997), (2006). Waldo became a huge pop culture sensation in the early 1990s. The United States, in particular, was swept with \"Waldo-mania\". Aside from the adaptations of Handford's books, the franchises grew to include licensing of Waldo for video games, spin-off books, magazines, dolls, toys, comics and a Where's Waldo? (TV series). Wally has his own website where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072535", "score": "1.0546703", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo? (video game)", "text": "the book may enjoy the game a little, other players may get bored. In an issue of GameInformer, they gave \"Where's Waldo\" a 1 out of 10 citing it as being \"a game for those too lazy to turn a page.\" In giving the game an F, writer Cyril Lachel wrote, \"It's hard to believe something this pointless came out of Bethesda Softworks... Where's Waldo? Hopefully in a landfill, because that's where this 8-bit piece of garbage belongs.\" A reviewer of Yahoo! Voices, who gave the game 0.5 out of 5 stars, even criticized the sound effects. Some reviewers also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6901788", "score": "1.0497159", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography", "text": "Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography Where's Waldo? Exploring Geography is an interactive computer game based on the \"Where's Waldo?\" book series. In the game, the player must find Waldo, locate the missing athletes of the world, and find the missing Champions Cup. While finding Waldo and the athletes, the player will gather clues that lead to other athletes and the Champions Cup. The game's activities can be played at three levels of difficulty, and is appropriate for all ages. The software contains hundreds of bright, colorful images and a musical score that reflects the different cultures of the world. All of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9350067", "score": "1.046396", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Where's Wally?", "text": "21 September 1987. The \"Where's Wally?\" books were published in the United Kingdom by Walker Books and in the United States under the title \"Where's Waldo?\" first by Little, Brown and Company before being taken on by Candlewick Press (Walker Books' American subsidiary publishing company). The first four titles were originally printed in Italy, but later reprinted in China. The books became extremely popular and were localised for many different territories, with name changes for Wally in certain regions. The franchise also spawned other media in a more storyline-based form, including , a comic strip and a series of video", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12107595", "score": "1.0425355", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo? (video game)", "text": "levels. The player's goal is to help Waldo get to the moon, by finding Waldo in various pictures in order to progress through the game. There are eight levels in the game. In the picture levels, the directional buttons control a magnifying glass and that must be placed over Waldo in order to \"find\" him and move to the next level and a new picture. In the easy and practice mode, the pictures are still images the size of the screen in the levels. In the Medium and Hard modes, the player has to scroll to the side to see", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6901784", "score": "1.0415745", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Where's Wally?", "text": "Where's Wally?, published in the US and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is a British series of children's puzzle books created by the English illustrator Martin Handford. The books consist of a series of detailed double-page spread illustrations depicting dozens or more people doing a variety of amusing things at a given location. Readers are challenged to find a character named Wally hidden in the group.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book", "text": "the characters Wilma, Woof, and The Wally-Watchers - there were 99 of the latter, although subsequent books would only feature 25. It also was the first book to feature Wally's Key. Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book (Where's Waldo?: The Ultimate Fun Book in America) was a \"Where's Wally?\" activity book released in 1990. The book introduces Wilma, her dog Woof, and the Wally Watchers. Unlike the previous three Where's Wally? books (\"Where's Wally?\", \"Where's Wally Now?\", and \"The Fantastic Journey\"), this book featured various puzzles and games rather than the traditional detailed crowd", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9347938", "score": "1.0361022", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Where's Wally Now?", "text": "Where's Wally Now? Where's Wally Now? (called Find Waldo Now and later Where's Waldo Now? in the US) was the second \"Where's Wally?\" book. It was first published in 1988. In the book Wally travels through time as he visits many different locations and events. He also loses a book on each page, which the reader has to find. The book was re-released in October 1997 in a special edition where Wally was moved in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find (Woof, Wizard Whitebeard, Wenda, Odlaw, the Wally Watchers and others). The book has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11872283", "score": "1.0291128", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase", "text": "Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase Where's Wally?: The Incredible Paper Chase (known in the U.S. as Where's Waldo?: The Incredible Paper Chase) is the seventh book in the \"Where's Wally?\" book series. The book was released in 2009, and is the latest book in the series. It features Wally, Woof, Wenda, Wizard Whitebeard, and Odlaw travelling through different scenes. The reader's goal is to find Wally's key, Woof's bone, Wenda's camera, Wizard Whitebeard's scroll, Odlaw's binoculars, and a missing piece of paper in each scene.In addition to finding the characters, \"The Incredible Paper Chase\", as with \"Where's Wally? The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14178040", "score": "1.0284429", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo at the Circus", "text": "Wizard Whitebeard, who gives options of hearing the story behind the game or jumping right in. Ringmaster Piccalilli has lost his magic golden whistle, and without it the circus can't go on. Piccalilli asks the player to aid in its recovery. First the player has to find Waldo, who will help with the search. The detailed virtual \"Where's Waldo?\" spreads page are four times the size of the screen and fully scrollable, packed with point-and-click characters and activity. The player can spend explore and enjoy the many hidden trigger spots, or just seek out Waldo right away. Once he's found,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9350039", "score": "1.023077", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Interactive children's book", "text": "as age four and beginning at a pre-kindergarten grade level, depending on how easily the hidden objectives can be located. There are several notable authors and illustrators at the frontline assisting their audiences’ development of interactive reading skills in hidden object picture books: British illustrator Martin Handford is credited with the conception of the Where's Wally? series. Despite the series christened title, his hidden picture books are more recognizable under the North American franchise’s version of the character, Waldo. The purpose of Handford’s hidden object picture books is for children of all ages to identify Wally in a specified location", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072533", "score": "1.020082", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Where's Wally?: The Animated Series", "text": "Wally/Waldo and his dog Woof, who were already established stars of the \"Where's Wally?\" picture book series. The \"Where's Wally?\" TV Show brought the gangly man in the striped shirt and ski cap to Saturday morning TV. The cartoon \"Where's Waldo?\" went beyond the books' original concept, giving the characters depth and giving reasons for their adventures. Wally/Waldo and his dog Woof travel to distant lands, solving mysteries and lending a helping hand wherever they could. With the help of his magic walking stick, Wally/Waldo could travel through space and time or travel to far off magical lands. Often sent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9347977", "score": "1.010498", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo? (video game)", "text": "noted of the game's lack of replay value, such as in a review by Gamecola.net. The game was listed #12 on Seanbaby.com's \"Worst Nintendo Games\". One year later, a sequel, \"The Great Waldo Search\", was released on the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. It was based on \"\", the third book of the \"Where's Waldo?\" series. Almost two decades later, however, in 2009, a more modern remake of that sequel was developed by Ludia and published by Ubisoft on iOS, Microsoft Windows, and seventh-generation Nintendo systems, the Wii and the Nintendo DS. The remake especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6901789", "score": "1.0082043", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo at the Circus", "text": "Wizard, identify the culprit and retrieve the whistle. All of the features in the game are designed for variable outcomes, with everything from the actual thief to Waldo's location in each screen being randomly determined each time through. This allows the player to play multiple times without repeating the past experience. Where's Waldo at the Circus Designed for \"children ages 4 through 8\", Where's Waldo at the Circus is a computer video game that immerses the player in a rich interactive environment complete with music, sound, and animation. A team of educators assisted with the game design, and the exercises", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9350041", "score": "1.0080229", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo? (video game)", "text": "in the game have the same format of finding Waldo as in the other levels; in the cave level, the player must find Waldo in the dark. To help, Waldo will pop-up briefly to give a clue where Waldo is. In the subway level, the player must go through a maze and collect Waldo and his dropped glasses in order to exit the stage. The player must also avoid Wizard Whitebeard, who can quickly subtract time if the player lands on his spot. And in the final level, the player must match three pictures of Waldo in order to get", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6901786", "score": "1.0055885", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey (video game)", "text": "when they are near an object they are searching for. Players wanting to use this ability more often must collect 'Woof Bones' to prolong the effect. Unlike the NES video game adaptation of \"Where's Waldo?\" and \"The Great Waldo Search\", which relied on a directional pad to search for targets, this game allows players to utilize more superior pointer-based motion controls (the Wii Remote's infrared sensor, the DS and iPhone's touchscreen, or a mouse, depending on the platform) to easily look for desired search targets. Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey (video game) Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey is a video", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13858534", "score": "1.0054125", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase", "text": "Great Picture Hunt!\", has other challenges like \"spot-the-differences\" scenes. Some of the characters and scenes have appeared in one of the earlier \"Where's Wally?\" spin-off books. The book was originally released in a larger hardback book without the numbering system continuing on the cover with a '7'. It could be found, however, in the top left corner of the back cover. The 7 was included in the paperback edition, however, on the cover. Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase Where's Wally?: The Incredible Paper Chase (known in the U.S. as Where's Waldo?: The Incredible Paper Chase) is the seventh book", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14178041", "score": "1.001602", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Where's Wally? The Fantastic Journey", "text": "promoted for it. Two video game adaptations of this book were released. The first one was \"The Great Waldo Search\", which was released in 1992 for the NES, SNES and the Sega Genesis. The second is a remake titled \"Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey\", which was released on iOS, Microsoft Windows, Wii and Nintendo DS almost two decades later in 2009. The latter takes advantage of pointer-based motion controls to provide a more intuitive experience in searching for targets, and includes a two-player versus mode for family-friendly competition. 1. The Gobbling Gluttons 2. The Battling Monks 3. The Carpet Flyers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11872281", "score": "0.9956963", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography", "text": "the features in the game are designed for variable outcomes, including Waldo's location in each screen. This allows the player to play multiple times without repeating the past experience. Aside from being a purely entertainment-based program, the game's exercises are based upon the 1994 National Geography Standards. Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography Where's Waldo? Exploring Geography is an interactive computer game based on the \"Where's Waldo?\" book series. In the game, the player must find Waldo, locate the missing athletes of the world, and find the missing Champions Cup. While finding Waldo and the athletes, the player will gather clues that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9350068", "score": "0.987933", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Martin Handford", "text": "about 300 to 500 figures, with Wally often being the last character drawn into the crowd. The \"Where's Wally?\" books were published in the UK by Walker Books and in the US under the title \"Where's Waldo?\" first by Little, Brown and Company before being taken on by Candlewick Press (Walker Books' American subsidiary publishing company). The first four titles were originally printed in Italy, but later reprinted in China. A film based on the \"Where's Wally?\" series of books was planned for filming in 2005 by Nickelodeon Movies but was cancelled due to a management change at Paramount Pictures.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14218679", "score": "0.9848374", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Where's Wally? (book)", "text": "bikini top in the 1997 special edition release. A similar happening occurs in \"The Campsite\" where children open a tent on a man while he is undressing. In the original, although his genitals are blocked from view by his hand, he is clearly naked. In the 1997 special release, however, he is wearing white briefs. Where's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the \"Where's Wally?\" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9347863", "score": "0.98191947", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo? (video game)", "text": "Waldo to the moon. Responses towards the game from reviewers were negative. One of the most known criticisms of the game is the graphics; Some of the pixelated objects in each of the game's levels had similar colors and stripes of Waldo's shirt and in some levels Waldo would even change color, which made it hard to find Waldo in each of the levels. Cracked.com said of Where's Waldo to have the worst graphics of any NES game: \"There are many other graphically challenged games that were made, but this game takes the cake.\" ConsoleClassix.com said that, although fans of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6901787", "score": "0.97457063", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Where's Wally?: The Animated Series", "text": "based on the adventures and characters from the \"Where's Waldo?\" TV Show. \"Fun with Waldo\" and \"More Fun with Waldo\", featured print versions of many of the \"Waldo Minute\" freeze-frame scenes, along with new puzzles and things to spot in each picture. To meet the needs of international viewers in the US and Canada, a second audio track was recorded using the same vocal actors – the name \"Wally\" was replaced entirely with \"Waldo\", the name of the books' character in the US and Canada. Other international versions were produced dubbed in entirely in German, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9347980", "score": "0.9730557", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Great Waldo Search (video game)", "text": "points while controlling Woof on a flying carpet. Almost two decades later, in 2009, a remake of the game was developed by Ludia and published by Ubisoft on iOS, Microsoft Windows, and seventh-generation Nintendo systems, the Wii and the Nintendo DS, under the title \"Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey\". The remake especially takes advantage of superior pointer-based motion controls to easily locate search targets and supports versus multiplayer. The Great Waldo Search (video game) The Great Waldo Search is a video game released in 1992. It is based on , which was originally released under the same name in North", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5677880", "score": "0.96320945", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Story of an African Farm", "text": "of vignettes – often devoid of context, or (deliberately) out of sequence. The author also frequently interjects into the narrative to address the reader directly. In general, the book may roughly be divided into three sections: The first section of the book deals with the lives of protagonists as children and teenagers. It reveals some of the events that proved formative in the life of the children. Waldo is initially presented as a deeply devout Christian, a philosophy he appears to have inherited from his widower father Otto, the kindly German farm-keeper. As the narrative progresses, Waldo becomes increasingly disillusioned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6564425", "score": "0.9538486", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Where's Waldo? (video game)", "text": "the rest of the area. Also in the Medium and Hard modes Waldo will change color to make it more challenging to find him in the picture levels. In the Practice mode, there is no time limit, however only a select number of levels are open (the Train Station, Forest and Caves). The time limit for the other levels varies; On easy, the time limit is ten minutes, on medium, the time limit is seven minutes, and on hard, five minutes. Each time the game is played Waldo is moved to a new location in the scene. Not all levels", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6901785", "score": "0.9476004", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "Kyla Coleman" ]

[ { "title": "Jourdan Miller", "text": "Miller also became the second \"America's Next Top Model\" winner to have also never even appeared in the bottom three. This was preceded by cycle 13 winner Nicole Fox. She is also the second winner of the show to have received a total of six first call-outs after Ann Ward, the winner of cycle 15 After winning \"America's Next Top Model\", Miller received a modeling contract with NEXT Model Management in Los Angeles, an eight-page spread in the December/January 2014 issue of \"Nylon\" magazine and a $100,000-ad campaign with Guess. Following her win in \"America's Next Top Model\", Miller was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17671455", "score": "1.2847924", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 18)", "text": "CBS Records, and a 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old British model Sophie Sumner from Oxford, England. The cycle featured seven contestants from previous cycles of \"Britain's Next Top Model\" for a second chance to win the title. Cycles 1 and 7 were unrepresented, cycles 2, 3, 4 and 6 were each represented by one contestant, and cycle 5 was represented by three contestants. The returning contestants from \"Britain's Next Top Model\" and their prior placements were: No episode aired on April 4, 2012 due to the CW's broadcast of \"One Tree Hill\" series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16287276", "score": "1.2177621", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 6)", "text": "The final three contestants, Joanie Dodds, Jade Cole, and Danielle Evans, shot photographs and a commercial for Cover Girl Lash Exact Mascara. Jade became the eleventh finalist to be eliminated at panel. Joanie and Danielle walked in Roj Singkakul's fashion show for his line Issue. The final judging saw Danielle crowned America's Next Top Model. America's Next Top Model (season 6) The sixth cycle of America's Next Top Model premiered on March 8, 2006, which would be the last cycle to air on UPN before merging with The WB to create The CW. The catch-phrase for this cycle was \"Fairy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7663022", "score": "1.2167944", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jourdan Miller", "text": "her stilettos on her gown. Despite this, the judges were still impressed by her walk. At the final deliberation, the judges noted Miller's command on the runway, her fluidity, as well as her high-fashion and girl-next-door appeal. She would eventually beat fellow competitor Marvin Cortes in the season finale, becoming the twentieth winner of \"America's Next Top Model\". Miller's win also means that she is the sixth winner of \"America's Next Top Model\" to have never made an appearance in the bottom two, along with Jaslene Gonzalez, McKey Sullivan, Nicole Fox, Krista White, Sophie Sumner and later winner India Gants.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17671454", "score": "1.2128602", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 23)", "text": "consisting of Banks, fashion publicist Kelly Cutrone, and runway coach J. Alexander. Banks still served as the series' executive producer. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old India Gants from Seattle, Washington. \"Original air date:\" Twenty-eight semi-finalists partook in their first photo shoot and went on go-sees for Philipp Plein and LaQuan Smith. The contestants then had one-on-one interviews with the judges, and the episode concluded with the selection of the fourteen finalists. \"Original air date:\" The contestants received runway training from model and former \"Canada's Next Top Model\" judge Stacey McKenzie. Later, the models were introduced to Zendaya,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19681610", "score": "1.2039796", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Anchal Joseph", "text": "out for America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7; prior to ANTM she had also modelled for Zoom Magazine and French Vogue. Joseph was the sixth contestant to be selected to participate on the seventh cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\" and was told at casting by host Tyra Banks that she was one of the most physically beautiful contestants to ever participate in the competition. While she was often praised for the quality of her portfolio, her lack of self-confidence was often noted by the judging panel and she was eliminated after refusing to fully participate in a challenge that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12015192", "score": "1.1999974", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Whitney Thompson", "text": "Whitney Thompson Whitney Lee Thompson Forrester (born September 26, 1987) is an American fashion model and is the winner of the tenth cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\". Before her appearance on the show, Thompson worked locally in northern Florida and appeared on the cover of \"Jacksonville Magazine\" three times. She attended Duncan U. Fletcher High School and the University of North Florida. Thompson competed against 13 other contestants to win cycle 10 of \"America's Next Top Model\". She was selected as one of the finalists to enter the Top Model house. Almost every judge, except for Tyra Banks, criticized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11931147", "score": "1.1986108", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Nicole Linkletter", "text": "Nicole Linkletter Nicole Linkletter Nathanson (born 18 April 1985) is an American fashion model and the winner of Cycle 5 of \"America's Next Top Model\". Her prizes were a contract with Ford Models, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl, and her photo appearing in a Ford Fusion (Americas) national advert. She is the first of two America's Next Top Model winners from North Dakota, the second being CariDee English, winner of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7. Linkletter was born and raised in Grand Forks, North Dakota, the daughter of Monica and Steve Linkletter. She has two sisters. Linkletter graduated from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6633131", "score": "1.1984262", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 19)", "text": "additionally serves as its executive producer and presenter. The international destination during the cycle was Ocho Rios, Jamaica, becoming the second occasion in which the series traveled to the country, after cycle 3. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Paul Smith's College student Laura James from Cambridge, New York. This was the first cycle to feature a cast of all-new contestants since cycle 16 (cycle 17 (\"All-Stars\") featured only returning contestants from previous cycles, while cycle 18 (\"British Invasion\") featured seven new American models alongside seven returning contestants from previous cycles of \"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model\"). Judge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16537318", "score": "1.1939391", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (cycle 24)", "text": "The winner of the competition was 20 year-old Kyla Coleman from Lacey, Washington.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tahnee Atkinson", "text": "was announced the winner of cycle 5 of Australia's Next Top Model and was awarded $20,000 cash, and contracts from Priscilla's model management, Maybelline and Harper's Bazaar magazine. In 2008 Tahnee, along with fellow Australia's Next Top Model contestant Clare Venema, was a state finalist in the Girlfriend Magazine Model Search; however, both girls were disqualified as they were already signed to model agencies. Atkinson was previously signed to Scene Models in Perth. During the fifth cycle, Tahnee walked the runway for Nicola Finetti and Alex Perry. As the winner of Cycle 5 Atkinson won a 12-month contract with Priscilla's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13553014", "score": "1.1920652", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 24)", "text": "the main competition, bringing the final number of contestants to 15. \"Original air date:\" The finalists moved into the model home. They later met runway coach Stacey McKenzie for a catwalk lesson in preparation for an upcoming runway challenge at Venice Beach skate park, where the contestants had to model designs from Baja East and avoid skateboarders as they navigated across a skating ramp. As the winner of the challenge, Khrystyana was chosen to walk in a show for the label during New York fashion week. On set, the models had a bohemian pregnancy photo shoot with photographer Charlotte Rutherford,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20486628", "score": "1.1885548", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 24)", "text": "part in a photo shoot for the winner's spread to be published in \"Paper\" magazine. They later reunited with the formerly eliminated contestants for the final runway show. Immediately following the runway show, Khrystyana was eliminated based on the results from the photo shoot that had taken place earlier that week. The judges deliberated over the body of work of the remaining two finalists, and at the end of the night, Kyla was crowned as the winner. America's Next Top Model (season 24) The twenty-fourth cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\" premiered on January 9, 2018 and was the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20486640", "score": "1.1863713", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 11)", "text": "winner was 19-year-old McKey Sullivan from Lake Forest, Illinois. Starting from this cycle, the contestant called first in judging every week would have her picture (or commercial) displayed as digital art in the models' house for the rest of the week. The CoverGirl of the Week contest was replaced by a new segment called Top Models in Action, focusing on former alums post-show careers. The show featured fourteen contestants, similar to cycles 3, 4 and 10. The winner of this cycle, similar to the past four cycles, won management and representation by Elite Model Management, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11907221", "score": "1.1849847", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "McKey Sullivan", "text": "Most Beautiful People of 2009. She was also named the 44th sexiest woman of 2008 by BuddyTv. McKey Sullivan Brittany \"McKey\" Alvey (née Sullivan; born September 9, 1988) is an American fashion model most notable as the winner of the eleventh cycle of \"America's Next Top Model\". Sullivan was born to Michael and Gayle Sullivan and has three siblings, Bridgette, Jimmy, and Mikey. She is a graduate of Lake Forest High School and attended Ripon College where she majored in government and chemical biology and was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She also trains in mixed martial arts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12701174", "score": "1.1847856", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Australia's Next Top Model", "text": "Top Model\" shares the format of its American counterpart, but there are a few differences. On \"America's Next Top Model\" the final two models compete in a runway fashion show and the winner is chosen in the judging room. Starting from season 3, the final two contestants competed in front of a live studio audience in Sydney before the winner was revealed live-to-air. The judges, sponsors, and fashion professionals voted for the winner, along with the TV viewing public, whose votes contributed 15 per cent to the overall tally. Beginning with season 6, the format was changed. The final three", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5164229", "score": "1.1828218", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 23)", "text": "were chosen as the winners. They were later photographed in a shoot where they had to embody several celebrity icons. At panel, Paige became the next contestant to leave the competition. \"Original air date:\" The remaining contestants had a challenge, won by Courtney, in which they were photographed by paparazzi in the street. On set, the models were photographed in a mock-cover and beauty shoot for \"Paper\" magazine. At elimination, Tash became the next contestant to leave the competition. \"Original air date:\" The contestants had an acting challenge with Adrienne C. Moore, where Courtney was chosen as the winner. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19681615", "score": "1.1822774", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 9)", "text": "America's Next Top Model (season 9) The ninth cycle of America's Next Top Model was the third season of the series to be aired on The CW network. This cycle's promotional tagline was \"The Future Of Fashion.\" The promotional song was \"Shut Up and Drive\" by Rihanna. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destinations for this cycle were St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda (for the semi-finals) and Shanghai and Beijing, China. Among the thirteen finalists was 21-year-old Heather Kuzmich, who has Asperger's syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder. The season averaged 5.12 million viewers, making the cycle one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10830423", "score": "1.1821475", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 9)", "text": "5, 2007\" \"First aired December 12, 2007\" America's Next Top Model (season 9) The ninth cycle of America's Next Top Model was the third season of the series to be aired on The CW network. This cycle's promotional tagline was \"The Future Of Fashion.\" The promotional song was \"Shut Up and Drive\" by Rihanna. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destinations for this cycle were St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda (for the semi-finals) and Shanghai and Beijing, China. Among the thirteen finalists was 21-year-old Heather Kuzmich, who has Asperger's syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder. The season averaged 5.12", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10830425", "score": "1.1766856", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 14)", "text": "was 24-year-old Krista White from Pine Bluff, Arkansas. A new rule this cycle enabled the girl called first at the judging panel every week to not only have her picture (or commercial) displayed as digital art in the models' house for the rest of the week however that same girl would also receive the prize of the following week's reward challenge, regardless of their performance at the actual challenge. If the same girl won the challenge, she was able to pick others to join her on the reward, or received additional prizes along with her challenge win. \"Top Models in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14065644", "score": "1.1754742", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 5)", "text": "half of the competition was later used for the first season of the VH1 show \"Rock of Love with Bret Michaels\". The winner was 19-year-old Nicole Linkletter from Grand Forks, North Dakota. Sixth-placer Lisa D'Amato would later claim victory as the winner of . \"First aired September 21, 2005 The casting process started out with 36 girls who were then interviewed by Tyra, and the two Jays, after a little pose-off. Notable interviews included Coryn revealing the fact that her mother struggled with depression, Nicole getting on her knees, Bre admitting she rarely showered, Jayla stating she went against her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662980", "score": "1.1753299", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 13)", "text": "cycle filmed entirely in the United States. The winner was Nicole Fox from Louisville, Colorado making her the youngest winner at the age of 18. This cycle featured one major change to the judging panel: judge Paulina Porizkova left the show after the previous season, marking the first change to the judging panel since Cycle 10. With her departure, only three permanent judges remained, a first for the series. This cycle also moved back to Los Angeles, after being filmed in New York City for cycle 12. The cast size was once again increased to 14 contestants. All of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13434059", "score": "1.1740977", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 5)", "text": "previous showing in the Secret shoot, Bre and Nicole who both previously did well in the Secret shoot struggled with their lines in the CoverGirl commercial. Nik was chosen first to continue on in the final round. Nicole landed in the bottom two with Bre, who was eliminated in her third consecutive bottom two appearance (also her fifth collective bottom two appearance of this cycle), because she was not as strong as the other two girls, despite making an improvement. Nik and Nicole then shot a magazine cover with Tyra Banks, photographed by Gilles Bensimon, knowing that the winner's cover", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7663012", "score": "1.1740717", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 17)", "text": "Feel...\" by Cobra Starship ft. Sabi. This was the final season filmed and broadcast in standard definition and the final season for Andre Leon Talley as a judge. The winner of the competition was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato from Los Angeles, California, who originally placed sixth in cycle 5 making her the oldest winner at the age of 30. Angelea Preston, who originally placed third on cycle 14, and was disqualified from the competition in the final episode of the cycle, said that she had originally won the competition but was stripped of her title after producers learned that she had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15621790", "score": "1.173633", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 6)", "text": "received makeovers and had a photoshoot to capture their new looks. They participated in a challenge where they went to a fashion show and picked outfits that represented their personal style, with the winner being Nnenna. The photoshoot had them portraying ice princesses on a magazine cover. The judging saw Wendy become the second model eliminated. \"First aired March 22, 2006\" The eleven finalists participated in a challenge where they walked in a show with cockroaches for Jared Gold, with the winner being Jade. The photoshoot had them portraying modern fairytales while falling. The judging saw Kari become the third", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7663017", "score": "1.1732501", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Nicole Fox", "text": "and 11 respectively, and was succeeded by Krista White, Sophie Sumner, Jourdan Miller and India Gants from Cycles 14, 18 the \"British Invasion\", 20 \"Guys & Girls\" and 23 respectively. Fox also became the first \"America's Next Top Model\" winner to have also never even appeared in the bottom three. This was succeeded by Cycle 20 winner Jourdan Miller. Kirkpatrick said she believed Fox won because of the strength of her photos: \"Every time with the judges, she could do no wrong in front of them. They really saw her as perfect.\" Fox said of her win: Fox received a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14005064", "score": "1.1726214", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Britain's Next Top Model (series 3)", "text": "a cover and 6-page spread in Company Magazine. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Lauren McAvoy from Wickford, Essex. Runner-up Louise Watts participated as a contestant on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 18 along with six other former BNTM contestants. Watts quit the competition in the 3rd episode because she felt she couldn't handle the negative criticism of the judges, particularly Kelly Cutrone. \"Original Airdate: 2 July 2007\" The girls immediately faced their first challenge posing in front of the press, and then met stylist Hilary Alexander who asked each girl questions. Later, they arrived in the model house", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10425913", "score": "1.1725004", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Nicole Fox", "text": "was one of the strongest girls of her cycle. At the final judging, Fox was lauded for her high-fashion photographs and her successful mastery of her body proportion, in spite of her unconventional runway walk in the Maui fashion show. In the end, she was chosen as the thirteenth winner of \"America's Next Top Model\", beating runner-up Laura Kirkpatrick, who was considered another favorite of the judges. Fox became the third winner to have never appeared in the bottom two during her time on Top Model. This record was preceded by winners Jaslene Gonzalez and McKey Sullivan from Cycles 8", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14005063", "score": "1.1713786", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 7)", "text": "the winner being CariDee. The models travelled to Barcelona, Spain, where they shot a commercial for Secret Deodorant in Catalan. The judging saw Jaeda become the eighth model eliminated. \"First aired November 22, 2006\" The five finalists participated in a challenge where they had to go on go-sees, with the winner being Melrose. They had a photoshoot where they portrayed Spanish matadors. The judging saw Michelle become the ninth model eliminated. \"First aired November 29, 2006\" \"First aired December 6, 2006\" America's Next Top Model (season 7) The seventh cycle of America's Next Top Model started airing on September 20,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8020609", "score": "1.1713256", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "America's Next Top Model (season 12)", "text": "were put to the test and had to create an illusion of having a good time through the dance they learned. Celia managed to relax her face and delivered a convincing performance, winning her jewelry from Ara Vartanian worth over $7,000, which she shared with Allison. For the week's photo shoot, the girls traveled to the Brazilian jungle where they were dressed as exotic birds sitting in their nests, with Tyra herself as the photographer. Allison's composure on set got praise and Celia was lauded for looking fresh and being creative. On the other hand, Aminat's inability to use her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12273528", "score": "1.1711439", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "matiasma", "vaskania (βασκανία)" ]

[ { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "it stems from admiration. Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye, it is advised to be humble. The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or \"vaskania\" () is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the \"Megan Hieron Synekdemon\" () book of prayers. The cornicello, \"little horn\", also called the \"cornetto\" (\"little horn\", plural \"cornetti\"), is a long,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860734", "score": "1.1775414", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "Aulus Gellius. Peter Walcot's \"Envy and the Greeks\" (1978) listed more than one hundred works by these and other authors mentioning the evil eye. Classical authors attempted both to describe and to explain the function of the evil eye. Plutarch's scientific explanation stated that the eyes were the chief, if not sole, source of the deadly rays that were supposed to spring up like poisoned darts from the inner recesses of a person possessing the evil eye. Plutarch treated the phenomenon of the evil eye as something seemingly inexplicable that is a source of wonder and cause of incredulity. Pliny", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860709", "score": "1.1103959", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC, when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels. In Greece, the evil eye is cast away through the process of \"xematiasma\" (), whereby the \"healer\" silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex, usually a grandparent. Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances, as according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye. There are several regional versions of the prayer in question, a common one being: \"Holy Virgin,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860728", "score": "1.1069047", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "afflicted. Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul-mouthing you that you ought to be wary of. The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated. Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω! which translates to \"I spit so that I won't give you the evil eye.\" Contrary to popular belief, the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860733", "score": "1.0922085", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "many Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as nazars, which are used to repel the evil eye, are a common sight across Armenia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan,Maldives, parts of North India, Palestine, Morocco, southern Spain, Italy, Malta, Romania, the Balkans, the Levant, Afghanistan, Syria, and Mexico, and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists. Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity. It is referenced by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860708", "score": "1.0912324", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "say \"Masha'Allah\", that is, \"God has willed it\", or invoking God's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired. A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion, typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection. In the Aegean Region and other areas where light-colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to bestow the curse, intentionally or unintentionally. Thus, in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes, and in the painting by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860714", "score": "1.0826637", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "the Elder described the ability of certain African enchanters to have the \"power of fascination with the eyes and can even kill those on whom they fix their gaze\". The idea of the evil eye appears in the poetry of Virgil in a conversation between the shepherds Menalcas and Damoetas. In the passage, Menalcas is lamenting the poor health of his stock: \"What eye is it that has fascinated my tender lambs?\". The belief in the evil eye during antiquity varied across different regions and periods. The evil eye was not feared with equal intensity in every corner of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860710", "score": "1.066364", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "English, he explained that it was a charm or guard against the evil eye. The evil eye is mentioned several times in the classic \"Pirkei Avot (Ethics of Our Fathers)\". In Chapter II, five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai give advice on how to follow the good path in life and avoid the bad. Rabbi Eliezer says an evil eye is worse than a bad friend, a bad neighbor, or an evil heart. Judaism believes that a \"good eye\" designates an attitude of good will and kindness towards others. Someone who has this attitude in life will rejoice when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860722", "score": "1.0569073", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "to destroy the evil eye, or a human eye (Turkish: Göz) to avert the evil gaze. The shape of a lucky amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse) is often woven into kilims for the same reason. The evil eye, or \"al-’ayn\" , is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects to cause them harm. It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say \"\"TabarakAllah\"\" () (\"Blessings of God\") or \"\"Masha'Allah\"\" () (\"God has willed it\") to ward off the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860719", "score": "1.0269835", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or vaskania (βασκανία) is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the Megan Hieron Synekdemon (Μέγαν Ιερόν Συνέκδημον) book of prayers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "evil eye. Reciting Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas from the Qur'an, three times after Fajr and after Maghrib is also used as a means of personal protection against the evil eye. Assyrians are also strong believers in the evil eye. They will usually wear a blue/turquoise bead around a necklace to be protected from the evil eye. Also, they might pinch the buttocks, comparable to Armenians. It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more prone to the evil eye effect. A simple and instant way of protection in European Christian countries is to make", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860720", "score": "1.006815", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "the Quran, namely Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas. \"Masha'Allah\" () (\"God has willed it\") is commonly said to ward off the evil eye. Understanding of the evil eye varies by the level of education. Some perceive the use of black color to be useful in protecting from the evil eye. Others use \"taawiz\" to ward off the evil eye. Truck owners and other public transport vehicles may commonly be seen using a small black cloth on the bumpers to prevent the evil eye. The evil eye, known as (\"mati\"), \"eye\", as an apotropaic visual device, is known to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860727", "score": "1.0046122", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "the interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to a shortage of time. Attempts to ward off the curse of the evil eye have resulted in a number of talismans in many cultures. As a class, they are called \"\"apotropaic\"\" (Greek for \"prophylactic\" / προφυλακτικός or \"protective\", literally: \"turns away\") talismans, meaning that they turn away or turn back harm. Disks or balls, consisting of concentric blue and white circles (usually, from inside to outside, dark blue, light blue, white, and dark blue) representing an evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia, found on the prows of Mediterranean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860716", "score": "0.9994254", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "with an eye in the center; Italians employ horns, phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters. In most languages, the name translates literally into English as \"bad eye\", \"evil eye\", \"evil look\", or just \"the Eye\". Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are: Evil eye The evil eye is a curse or legend believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury. Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called \"evil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860754", "score": "0.9928199", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Vayeshev", "text": "of the earth\" in that just as fish (\"dagim\") in the sea are covered by water and thus the evil eye has no power over them, so the evil eye has no power over the descendants of Joseph. Alternatively, the evil eye has no power over the descendants of Joseph because the evil eye has no power over the eye that refused to enjoy what did not belong to it — Potiphar's wife — as reported in The Gemara asked whether the words in \"And Eleazar Aaron's son took him one of the daughters of \"Putiel\" to wife\" did not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6535553", "score": "0.9879476", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Apotropaic magic", "text": "evil eye. An exaggerated apotropaic eye or a pair of eyes were painted on Greek drinking vessels called \"kylikes\" (eye-cups) from the 6th century BCE. The exaggerated eyes may have been intended to prevent evil spirits from entering the mouth while drinking. Fishing boats in some parts of the Mediterranean region still have stylised eyes painted on the bows. The defunct Turkish budget airline, Fly Air, adopted the symbol \"nazar boncuğu\" (\"nazar bonjuk\") on the vertical stabilizer (fin) of its aeroplanes. The apotropaic Yiddish expression, \"\" (\"no evil eye\", , in modern Hebrew \"בלי עין הרע\"-\"Bli ein ha'ra\") is somewhat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6557735", "score": "0.98589337", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Mythology of Italy", "text": "Mythology of Italy Mythology of Italy refers to the mythology of people living in Italy. Important Gods and Goddesses of Italian Mythology: The Evil Eye is not just an Italian folklore but is present in many different cultures. Each of these cultures have their own versions of the Evil Eye. However, the Evil Eye is very prominent in Italian culture and still a common superstition today among Italians and Italian-Americans. The Evil Eye is a look one gives another to put bad luck upon them either causing them misfortune or causing a type of mild physical pain.This look is cast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16797220", "score": "0.983347", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Eye of Horus", "text": "Romans that an evil heart could get to the eye. The thought to be powerful effects of eyes and optics created the myth that the energy-producing power of they eye had the ability to cast evil spells with just a glance. Because the ancients believed the evil eye could be counteracted with a 'good eye', myths about Horus arose. In one myth, when Set and Horus were fighting for the throne after Osiris's death, Set gouged out Horus's left eye. The majority of the eye was restored by either Hathor or Thoth. When Horus's eye was recovered, he offered it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3719519", "score": "0.9799464", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "Roman Empire. There were places in which people felt more conscious of the danger of the evil eye. In Roman times, not only were individuals considered to possess the power of the evil eye but whole tribes, especially those of Pontus and Scythia, were believed to be transmitters of the evil eye. The phallic charm called \"fascinum\" in Latin, from the verb \"fascinare\", \"to cast a spell\" (the origin of the English word \"fascinate\") is one example of an apotropaic object used against the evil eye. They have been found throughout Europe and into the Middle East from contexts dating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860711", "score": "0.9790385", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "a single \"sete ervas\" (\"seven [lucky] herbs\") pot, that will also include \"arruda\" (common rue), \"pimenteira\" (Capsicum annuum), \"manjericão\" (basil) and \"alecrim\" (rosemary). (Though the last four ones should not be used for their common culinary purposes by humans.) Other popular amulets against evil eye include: the use of mirrors, on the outside of your home's front door, or also inside your home facing your front door; an elephant figurine with its back to the front door; and coarse salt, placed in specific places at home. Mal ojo often occurs without the dimension of envy, but insofar as envy is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860747", "score": "0.9773643", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Al-Qalam 51-52", "text": "Al-Qalam 51-52 The verse of evil eye () is verse 51 and 52 of Al-Qalam Surah in the Quran. It is usually recited for protection from the evil eye. It states: \"And indeed, those who disbelieve would almost make you slip with their eyes when they hear the message, and they say: Indeed, he is mad. But it is not except a reminder to the worlds (68:51 and 52).\" وَإِن يَكَادُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَيُزْلِقُونَكَ بِأَبْصَٰرِهِمْ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا۟ ٱلذِّكْرَ وَيَقُولُونَ إِنَّهُۥ لَمَجْنُونٌ Verse 51: And indeed, those who disbelieve would almost make you slip with their eyes when they hear the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18882309", "score": "0.9763143", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "his fellow man prospers; he will wish everyone well. An \"evil eye\" denotes the opposite attitude. A man with \"an evil eye\" will not only feel no joy but experience actual distress when others prosper, and will rejoice when others suffer. A person of this character represents a great danger to our moral purity. Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook explained that the evil eye is \"an example of how one soul may affect another through unseen connections between them. We are all influenced by our environment... The evil eye is the venomous impact from malignant feelings of jealousy and envy of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860723", "score": "0.9618257", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "those around us.\" Many Observant Jews avoid talking about valuable items they own, good luck that has come to them and, in particular, their children. If any of these are mentioned, the speaker and/or listener will say \"b'li ayin hara\" (Hebrew), meaning \"without an evil eye\", or \"kein eina hara\" (Yiddish; often shortened to \"kennahara\"), \"no evil eye\". Another way to ward off the evil eye is to spit three times (or pretend to). Romans call this custom \"despuere malum,\" to spit at evil. It has also been suggested the 10th commandment: \"do not covet anything that belongs to your", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860724", "score": "0.9604621", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "John Phillip, below, we witness the culture-clash experienced by a woman who suspects that the artist's gaze implies that he is looking at her with the evil eye. Among those who do not take the evil eye literally, either by reason of the culture in which they were raised or because they simply do not believe it, the phrase, \"to give someone the evil eye\" usually means simply to glare at the person in anger or disgust. The term has entered into common usage within the English language. Within the broadcasting industry it refers to when a presenter signals to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860715", "score": "0.9593065", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "the Hand of Miriam; in some Muslim cultures, the Hand of Fatima. Though condemned as superstition by doctrinaire Muslims, it is almost exclusively among Muslims in the Near East and Mediterranean that the belief in envious looks containing destructive power or the talismanic power of a nazar to defend against them. To adherents of other faiths in the region, the nazar is an attractive decoration. A variety of motifs to ward off the evil eye are commonly woven into tribal kilim rugs. Such motifs include a cross (Turkish: Haç) to divide the evil eye into four, a hook (Turkish: Çengel)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860718", "score": "0.95755213", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "the sign of the cross with your hand and point two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger, towards the supposed source of influence or supposed victim as described in the first chapter of Bram Stoker's novel \"Dracula\" published in 1897: When we started, the crowd round the inn door, which had by this time swelled to a considerable size, all made the sign of the cross and pointed two fingers towards me. With some difficulty, I got a fellow passenger to tell me what they meant. He would not answer at first, but on learning that I was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860721", "score": "0.9531419", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "Central America, Central Asia, and Europe, especially the Mediterranean region; it has also spread to areas, including northern Europe, particularly in the Celtic regions, and the Americas, where it was brought by European colonists and West Asian immigrants. Belief in the evil eye is found in the Islamic doctrine, based upon the statement of Prophet Muhammad, \"The influence of an evil eye is a fact...\" [Sahih Muslim, Book 26, Number 5427]. Authentic practices of warding off the evil eye are also commonly practiced by Muslims: rather than directly expressing appreciation of, for example, a child's beauty, it is customary to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860713", "score": "0.9522168", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "whole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century. Public figures of every type, from poets to gangsters, have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes. The symbol of the eye, known as \"l-għajn\", is common on traditional fishing boats which are known as luzzu. They are said to protect fishermen from storms and malicious intentions. The evil eye or 'Mal de Ojo' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860738", "score": "0.95061105", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Evil eye", "text": "envy. Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye. According to the book \"The Evil Eye\" by folklorist Alan Dundes, the belief's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another's person or property. However, protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn, carried, or hung in homes, most often incorporating the contours of a human eye. In Aegean countries, people with light-colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful, and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs. Indians and Jews use charms with palm-forward hands", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860753", "score": "0.94838625", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Evil Eye (1830 short fiction)", "text": "The Evil Eye (1830 short fiction) \"The Evil Eye\" is a piece of short fiction written by Mary Shelley and published in \"The Keepsake\" for 1830. The tale is set in Greece and is about a man known as Dmitri of the Evil Eye. Dmitri's wife was murdered and his daughter abducted many years before the story begins. Dmitri's friend Katusthius Ziani enlists him to help recover his rightful inheritance, and during their journey they abduct a boy whom Dmitri discovers to be his grandson. The tale centres on a man known as Dmitri of the Evil Eye, an Arnaoot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20453747", "score": "0.94535136", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "the right ventricle", "from the heart", "the heart" ]

[ { "title": "Heart", "text": "and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries and progressively smaller arteries throughout the lungs, until it reaches capillaries. As these pass by alveoli carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. This happens through the passive process of diffusion. In the left heart, oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped into the left ventricle through the mitral valve and into the aorta through the aortic valve for systemic circulation. The aorta is a large artery that branches into many smaller", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "473074", "score": "1.0435232", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Bronchial artery", "text": "branches of the pulmonary arteries, and together, they supply the visceral pleura of the lung in the process. Note that much of the oxygenated blood supplied by the bronchial arteries is returned via the pulmonary veins rather than the bronchial veins. As a consequence, blood returning to the left heart is slightly less oxygenated than blood found at the level of the pulmonary capillary beds. Each bronchial artery also has a branch that supplies the esophagus. It is easy to confuse the bronchial arteries with the pulmonary arteries, because they both supply the lungs with blood, but there are important", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5751041", "score": "0.9873669", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Systole", "text": "pulmonary artery, which divides twice to connect to each of the left and right lungs. In the left ventricle, the aortic valve opens into the aorta which divides and re-divides into the several branch arteries that connect to all body organs and systems except the lungs. By its contractions, right ventricular (RV) systole pulses oxygen-depleted blood through the pulmonary valve through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, providing pulmonary circulation; simultaneously, left ventricular (LV) systole pumps blood through the aortic valve, the aorta, and all the arteries to provide systemic circulation of oxygenated blood to all body systems. The left", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1819593", "score": "0.98069954", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Pulmonary vein", "text": "pulmonary vein lies in front of and a little below the pulmonary artery; the inferior is situated at the lowest part of the lung hilum. Behind the pulmonary artery is the bronchus. The right main pulmonary veins (contains oxygenated blood) pass behind the right atrium and superior vena cava; the left in front of the descending thoracic aorta. Occasionally the three lobar veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left lobar veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992575", "score": "0.970361", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Foramen ovale (heart)", "text": "ovale, the fossa ovalis. A fetus receives oxygen not from its lungs, but from the mother's oxygen-rich blood via the placenta. Oxygenated blood from the placenta travels through the umbilical cord to the right atrium of the fetal heart. As the fetal lungs are non-functional at this time, it is more efficient for the blood to bypass them. This is accomplished through 2 cardiac shunts. The first is the foramen ovale which shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. The second is the ductus arteriosus which shunts blood from the pulmonary artery (which, after birth, carries blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6044295", "score": "0.96787375", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Congenital heart defect", "text": "shunt blood flow away from the lungs. Cells in part of the septum primum die creating a hole while muscle cells, the \"septum secundum\", grow along the right atrial side the septum primum, except for one region, leaving a gap through which blood can pass from the right artium to the left atrium, the foramen ovale. A small vessel, the \"ductus arteriosus\" allows blood from the pulmonary artery to pass to the aorta. The ductus arteriosus stays open because of circulating factors including prostaglandins. The foramen ovale stays open because of the flow of blood from the right atrium to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3518103", "score": "0.9543302", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Blood", "text": "air to all of the cells of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism by cells, to the lungs to be exhaled. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood. Additional return flow may be generated by the movement of skeletal muscles, which can compress veins and push blood through the valves in veins toward the right atrium. The blood circulation was famously described by William Harvey in 1628. In vertebrates, the various cells of blood are made in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "47130", "score": "0.951421", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery", "text": "behind the ascending aorta, and in front of the descending aorta. It courses posterior to the superior vena cava and in front of the right bronchus. Upon reaching the hilum of the right lung the right main pulmonary artery divides into two branches: The right and left main pulmonary arteries give off branches that roughly correspond to the lung lobes and can in such cases be termed lobar arteries. The lobar arteries branch into segmental arteries (roughly 1 for each lobe segment), which in turn branch into subsegmental pulmonary arteries. These eventually form intralobular arteries. The pulmonary arteries originate from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763030", "score": "0.95007706", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Blood vessel", "text": "vessels function to transport blood. In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs. Blood vessels also circulate blood throughout the circulatory system Oxygen (bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells) is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. In all arteries apart from the pulmonary artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated (95–100%) with oxygen. In all veins apart from the pulmonary vein, the saturation of hemoglobin is about 75%. (The values are reversed in the pulmonary circulation.) In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "588395", "score": "0.9362302", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery", "text": "A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Pulmonary shunt", "text": "Pulmonary shunt A pulmonary shunt is a pathological condition which results when the alveoli of the lungs are perfused with blood as normal, but ventilation (the supply of air) fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them) is zero. A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia (inadequate blood oxygen) in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9578602", "score": "0.93609643", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Pulmonary contusion", "text": "the amount of blood that flows into it, directing blood to better-ventilated areas. Although reducing blood flow to the unventilated alveoli is a way to compensate for the fact that blood passing unventilated alveoli is not oxygenated, the oxygenation of the blood remains lower than normal. If it is severe enough, the hypoxemia resulting from fluid in the alveoli cannot be corrected just by giving supplemental oxygen; this problem is the cause of a large portion of the fatalities that result from trauma. To diagnose pulmonary contusion, health professionals use clues from a physical examination, information about the event that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11858063", "score": "0.93074846", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "Foramen secundum", "text": "blood. The foramen secundum and foramen ovale act as a shunt where blood bypasses the lungs and does not become oxygenated. To provide proper blood flow as a newborn, the foramen secundum and foramen ovale must close at birth. Since the lungs now require a significant amount of blood flow, the vessels going to and from the lungs undergo dilation. While the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins are dilating, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein are severed at the cutting of the umbilical cord, or the funiculus umbilicalis. This combination results in a reversal of pressure differences between the atria,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7990975", "score": "0.9302819", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Pulmonary shunt", "text": "shunt. Pulmonary shunt A pulmonary shunt is a pathological condition which results when the alveoli of the lungs are perfused with blood as normal, but ventilation (the supply of air) fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them) is zero. A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia (inadequate blood oxygen) in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9578608", "score": "0.9281243", "original_retrieval_index": 57 }, { "title": "Root of the lung", "text": "descending aorta; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the vagus nerve and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind. The chief structures composing the root of each lung are arranged in a similar manner from the front to the back on each side. This means that the upper of the two pulmonary veins are in front, the pulmonary artery is in the middle, and the bronchus and bronchial vessels are behind.from anterior to posterior 1)superior pulmonary vein,2)pulmonary artery 3)bronchus The arrangement on the two sides is not symmetrical. Right side:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8819842", "score": "0.9236221", "original_retrieval_index": 61 }, { "title": "Heart development", "text": "passage between the two atrial chambers consists of a long oblique slit through which blood flows from the right atrium to the left. Initially, a single pulmonary vein develops in the form of a bulge in the back wall of the left atrium. This vein will connect with the veins of the developing lung buds. As development proceeds the pulmonary vein and its branches are incorporated into the left atrium and they both form the smooth wall of the atrium. The embryonic left atrium remains as the trabecular left atrial appendage, and the embryonic right atrium remains as the right", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17280296", "score": "0.9200446", "original_retrieval_index": 64 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery", "text": "the pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg. As can be measured on a CT scan, a diameter of more than 29 mm diameter is often used as a cut-off to indicate pulmonary hypertension. This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure, lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma, or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia. Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation. This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis, especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763034", "score": "0.91991544", "original_retrieval_index": 65 }, { "title": "Heart development", "text": "ventricles. The arterial trunk and the roots will form the proximal portion of the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The junction between the ventricle and the arterial bulb will be called the primary intra-ventricular hole. The tube is divided into cardiac regions along its craniocaudal axis: the primitive ventricle, called primitive left ventricle, and the trabecular proximal arterial bulb, called the primitive right ventricle. This time no septum is present in heart. In the middle of the fourth week, the sinus venosus receives venous blood from the poles of right and left sinus. Each pole receives blood from three major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17280291", "score": "0.91754276", "original_retrieval_index": 66 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery", "text": "to the lungs themselves. The pulmonary artery pressure (PA pressure) is a measure of the blood pressure found in the main pulmonary artery. This is measured by inserting a catheter into the main pulmonary artery. The mean pressure is typically 9 - 18 mmHg, and the wedge pressure measured in the left atrium may be 6-12mmHg. The wedge pressure may be elevated in left heart failure, mitral valve stenosis, and other conditions, such as sickle cell disease. The pulmonary artery is relevant in a number of clinical states. Pulmonary hypertension is used to describe an increase in the pressure of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763033", "score": "0.91380715", "original_retrieval_index": 71 }, { "title": "Shunt equation", "text": "dead space. The following equation relates the percentage of blood flow that is not exposed to inhaled gas, called the shunt fraction formula_1, to the content of oxygen in venous, arterial, and pulmonary capillary blood. The blood entering the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux formula_3, where formula_4 is oxygen content of the venous blood and formula_5 is the total cardiac output. Similarly, the blood emerging from the pulmonary system will have oxygen flux formula_6, where formula_7 is oxygen content of the arterial blood. This will be made up of blood that bypassed the lungs (formula_8) and that which went", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11803521", "score": "0.9133708", "original_retrieval_index": 72 }, { "title": "Respiratory tract", "text": "from the base of the trachea. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. The mean number of alveoli in a human lung is 480 million. When the diaphragm contracts, a negative pressure is generated in the thorax and air rushes in to fill the cavity. When that happens, these sacs fill with air, making the lung expand. The alveoli are rich with capillaries, called alveolor capillaries. Here the red blood cells absorb oxygen from the air and then carry it back in the form of oxyhaemaglobin, to nourish the cells. The red blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1991352", "score": "0.90981936", "original_retrieval_index": 76 }, { "title": "Heart", "text": "conus arteriosus, which contains several valves and sends blood to the \"ventral aorta\". The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery). In the adult fish, the four chambers are not arranged in a straight row but instead form an S-shape, with the latter two chambers lying above the former two. This relatively simpler pattern is found in cartilaginous fish and in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "473149", "score": "0.90935993", "original_retrieval_index": 77 }, { "title": "Biofluid dynamics", "text": "circulates about 5 liters of blood at a rate of approximately 6 l/m. The pulmonary and the systemic circulations are the two parts of the vasculature. The pulmonary circulation system consists of the network of blood vessels from the right heart to the lungs and back to the left heart. The rest of the blood flow loop is called systemic circulation system. The pulmonary and systemic circulations take the blood through large arteries first and then branches into smaller arteries before reaching arterioles and capillaries. After capillaries, the blood enters the venules before joining smaller veins first and then larger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19835111", "score": "0.9071185", "original_retrieval_index": 82 }, { "title": "Diffusing capacity", "text": "formula_9 (i.e., in a gas, a volume is proportional to the number of molecules in it). Further, the oxygen concentration (partial pressure) in the pulmonary artery is taken to be representative of capillary blood. Thus, formula_8 can be calculated as the rate that oxygen is taken up by the lung formula_11 divided by the oxygen gradient between the alveoli (\"A\") and the pulmonary artery (\"a\"). Thus, the higher the diffusing capacity formula_1, the more gas will be transferred into the lung per unit time for a given gradient in partial pressure (or concentration) of the gas. Since it can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1604413", "score": "0.90477645", "original_retrieval_index": 86 }, { "title": "Valve of inferior vena cava", "text": "in the left atrium. This in turn increases the oxygen concentration of blood in the left ventricle, the aorta, the coronary circulation and the circulation of the developing brain. Following birth and separation from the placenta, the oxygen content in the inferior vena cava falls. With the onset of breathing, the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. As blood flow to the lungs increases, the amount of blood flow entering the left atrium increases. When the pressure in the left atrium exceeds the pressure in the right atrium, the foramen ovale begins to close", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7991302", "score": "0.90043044", "original_retrieval_index": 90 }, { "title": "Lung bud", "text": "bronchial tree. Lung bud The lung bud sometimes referred to as the respiratory bud forms from the respiratory diverticulum, an embryological endodermal structure that develops into the respiratory tract organs such as the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. It arises from part of the laryngotracheal tube. In the fourth week of development, the respiratory diverticulum, starts to grow from the ventral (front) side of the foregut into the mesoderm that surrounds it, forming the lung bud. Around the 28th day, during the separation of the lung bud from the foregut it forms the trachea and splits into two bronchial buds,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9385545", "score": "0.90025425", "original_retrieval_index": 92 }, { "title": "Pulmonary alveolus", "text": "Pulmonary alveolus A pulmonary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin \"alveolus\", \"little cavity\") is a hollow cavity found in the lung parenchyma, and is the basic unit of ventilation. Lung alveoli are the ends of the respiratory tree, branching from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which like alveoli are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates. The alveolar membrane is the gas exchange surface. Carbon dioxide rich blood is pumped from the rest of the body into the capillaries that surround", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "985040", "score": "0.90005535", "original_retrieval_index": 94 }, { "title": "Arteriovenous oxygen difference", "text": "comparing the difference in the oxygen concentration of oxygenated blood in the femoral, brachial, or radial artery and the oxygen concentration in the deoxygenated blood from the mixed supply found in the pulmonary artery (as an indicator of the typical mixed venous supply). Put in simple terms: The usual unit for a-vO diff is millilitres of oxygen per 100 millilitres of blood (mL/100 mL), however, particularly in medical uses, other units may be used, such as micromoles per millilitre (μmol/mL). In practice, a-vO diff may be determined using the Fick Principle rather than by taking direct blood samples. In order", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15570275", "score": "0.8999343", "original_retrieval_index": 95 }, { "title": "Heart", "text": "pulmonary valve is located at the base of the pulmonary artery. This has three cusps which are not attached to any papillary muscles. When the ventricle relaxes blood flows back into the ventricle from the artery and this flow of blood fills the pocket-like valve, pressing against the cusps which close to seal the valve. The semilunar aortic valve is at the base of the aorta and also is not attached to papillary muscles. This too has three cusps which close with the pressure of the blood flowing back from the aorta. The right heart consists of two chambers, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "473051", "score": "0.8985508", "original_retrieval_index": 97 }, { "title": "Shunt equation", "text": "through the pulmonary capillaries (formula_9). We can express this as formula_10. We can solve for formula_9: formula_12. If we add the oxygen content of Qs to Qc we get the oxygen content of Qt: formula_13 Substitute Qc as above, CcO2 is the oxygen content of pulmonary (alveolar) capillary blood. formula_14Multiply out the brackets. formula_15Get the Qs terms and the Qt terms on the same side. formula_16Factor out the Q terms. formula_17 Divide by Qt and by (CcO2 - CvO2). Shunt equation The Shunt equation quantifies the extent that venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the capillaries of the lung. Shunt and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11803522", "score": "0.8956988", "original_retrieval_index": 100 } ]

[ "1976", "June 16" ]

[ { "title": "Comrades Marathon", "text": "scrapped in 1995 by the post-apartheid South African government, the race date was changed to Youth Day on 16 June. In 2007, the race organisers (controversially) bowed to political pressure from the ANC Youth League, who felt that the race diverted attention from the significance of Youth Day, and changed the race date to Sunday 17 June for 2007 and 15 June for 2008. In 2009 and 2010 the date was changed (to 24 May and 30 May respectively) to accommodate football's Confederations Cup (2009) and World Cup (2010) in South Africa. Forty-eight runners entered the first race in 1921,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2848058", "score": "1.2471023", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Soweto uprising", "text": "events, 16 June is now a public holiday in South Africa, named Youth Day. Black South African high school students in Soweto protested against the \"Afrikaans Medium Decree\" of 1974, which forced all black schools to use Afrikaans and English in a 50–50 mix as languages of instruction. The Regional Director of Bantu Education (Northern Transvaal Region), J.G. Erasmus, told Circuit Inspectors and Principals of Schools that from 1 January 1975, Afrikaans had to be used for mathematics, arithmetic, and social studies from standard five (7th grade), according to the Afrikaans Medium Decree; English would be the medium of instruction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5965897", "score": "1.2130349", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Youth Day", "text": "brought home to many people within and outside of South Africa the effect of the struggle during the Apartheid government's reign. On 20 September each year in Thailand, National Youth Day (, \"Wan Yaowachon Haeng Chat\") commemorates the birth dates of Kings Chulalongkorn and Ananda Mahidol. Thailand celebrates Youth Day on this date because of the many births in the month of September. Youth and Sports Day (\"Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı\") on May 19 in Turkey is dedicated to the youth. This day is also Atatürk Day (\"Atatürk'ü Anma\"), a day of commemoration of Kemal Atatürk, the \"Father of Turkey\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2274411", "score": "1.1971588", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Youth Day", "text": "Youth Day Youth Day is a holiday dedicated to the youths of a country. It is observed by 18 countries, on many different dates throughout the year. The United Nations agreed on the date of 12 August in 1999. International Youth Day is an international observance on August 12 officially recognized by the United Nations.The UN General Assembly agreed on this date in 1999. Here is a list of all of the countries that observe this holiday and when they do. On April 14, Angola observes Youth Day in memory of Hoji-ya-Henda, who was killed on that day during the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2274404", "score": "1.1731117", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Heroes' Day (South Africa)", "text": "so much respect from his people, his birthday was commemorated with a day of feasting. The following year it was officially introduced as a public holiday. Use of the holiday ended in 1902, after Britain defeated the South African Republic in the Second Boer War. In 1910, with Unification, the day was still not recognized as a public holiday, though popular celebrations of a heroes' day did take place. An event in Cape Town on 25 March 1916 included a march by banner-carrying students, followed by several public addresses in the city hall. A few years after the National Party", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17338431", "score": "1.1636137", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day", "text": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day is a public holiday in Zimbabwe commemorating former President Robert Mugabe. The ZANU–PF Youth League has commemorated Robert Mugabe on his birthday in 21 February for years as part of its 21st February Movement which was established in 1986. The youth arm of the ruling party lobbied for the former president's birthday to be declared a national holiday for what the organization says the leader's role in empowering the country's youth. The day was formally recognized as a national holiday on 24 November 2017 on the same day", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20462264", "score": "1.1551335", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Freedom Day (South Africa)", "text": "beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future. Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4962616", "score": "1.1528404", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Heroes' Day (South Africa)", "text": "Heroes' Day (South Africa) Kruger Day or Heroes' Day was a public holidays in South Africa from 1882 to 1899 and again from 1952 to 1994, celebrated annually on 10 October in South Africa. The day was named after Paul Kruger, a Boer resistance leader against British rule and later president of the South African Republic, who celebrated his birthday on 10 October. The day was used to underline the values and principles of the Afrikaner people. Kruger Day was first celebrated in 1882, while Paul Kruger was still alive. Kruger was then the vice president, but because he enjoyed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17338430", "score": "1.1519524", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Heroes' Day (South Africa)", "text": "nearest 10 October. Heroes' Day (South Africa) Kruger Day or Heroes' Day was a public holidays in South Africa from 1882 to 1899 and again from 1952 to 1994, celebrated annually on 10 October in South Africa. The day was named after Paul Kruger, a Boer resistance leader against British rule and later president of the South African Republic, who celebrated his birthday on 10 October. The day was used to underline the values and principles of the Afrikaner people. Kruger Day was first celebrated in 1882, while Paul Kruger was still alive. Kruger was then the vice president, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17338433", "score": "1.1459919", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Youth Day", "text": "Youth Day on 16 June is a public holiday in South Africa and commemorates a protest which resulted in a wave of protests across the country known as the Soweto uprising of 1976. It came in response to multiple issues with the Bantu Education Act and the government edict in 1974 that Afrikaans be used as medium of instruction for certain subjects in black schools. The iconic picture of Hector Pieterson, a black schoolchild shot by the police, brought home to many people within and outside of South Africa the effect of the struggle during the Apartheid government's reign.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Freedom Day (South Africa)", "text": "Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever. It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4962614", "score": "1.1372955", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "UnFreedom Day", "text": "UnFreedom Day UnFreedom Day is an unofficial annual event that is marked every year on or around 27 April. UnFreedom Day is planned to coincide with the official South African holiday called Freedom Day, an annual celebration of South Africa's first non-racial democratic elections of 1994. UnFreedom Day was started by Abahlali baseMjondolo in Durban in 2005 has become a day of education in which films, discussions and performances play a major role. The theme of the day is to demonstrate that the poor are still not free in South Africa. Abahlali use the day to celebrate the growing strength", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12797250", "score": "1.1343429", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Freedom Day (South Africa)", "text": "Holidays Act (No. 36 of 1994). On the first commemoration of the holiday, President Nelson Mandela addressed Parliament: As dawn ushered in this day, the 27th of April 1994, few of us could suppress the welling of emotion, as we were reminded of the terrible past from which we come as a nation; the great possibilities that we now have; and the bright future that beckons us. And so we assemble here today, and in other parts of the country, to mark a historic day in the life of our nation. Wherever South Africans are across the globe, our hearts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4962615", "score": "1.1243156", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Day of Reconciliation", "text": "South Africa, such as the San people. South African President, Jacob Zuma, in 2009, also stressed that the holiday was meant to also promote \"non-sexism.\" The day is also the sixteenth day of the South African summer holiday period. It is the first of four public holidays observed at the height of summer in the Southern Hemisphere, along with Christmas Day, Day of Goodwill and New Year's Day. Many small businesses close down and employees go on leave over this period. Day of Reconciliation The Day of Reconciliation is a public holiday in South Africa held annually on 16 December.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1393498", "score": "1.1182001", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Heroes' Day (South Africa)", "text": "came to power in South Africa, the day was introduced again as Heroes' Day (Afrikaans: Heldedag) from 1952 onward. From time to time, later governments referred to it as either Heroes' Day or Kruger Day. With the ANC government coming to power in the 1994 elections, a new set of holidays replaced the former ones, and Kruger Day was no longer recognized as a public holiday. Heroes' Day remains one of six holidays in the Afrikaner enclave of Orania, and events in the spirit of Heroes' Day are promoted by some schools and cultural organisations, and held on the Saturday", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17338432", "score": "1.1153424", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Regional variations of barbecue", "text": "South Africans by encouraging them to partake in a fun and tangible activity shared by all demographic groups, religious denominations, and body types. It is celebrated annually by South Africans across the world on 24 September (South Africa's Heritage Day). The event was initiated by the Mzansi Braai Institute in South Africa in 2005 and, since 2008, has been promoted under the Braai4Heritage banner, a non-profit initiative. On 5 September 2007, Emeritus Archbishop Desmond Tutu was appointed patron of National Braai Day (Now Braai4Heritage). The initiative received the endorsement of South Africa's National Heritage Council (NHC) in 2008. \"Bring-en-Braai\" is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6461306", "score": "1.1054364", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Founders Day (South Africa)", "text": "Founders Day (South Africa) Founders Day (\"Afrikaans: Stigtingsdag\") or Van Riebeeck's Day was a formal public holiday of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa until 1994. The holiday was established on 6 April 1952 during the Van Riebeeck Festival in honour of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck arrived at Table Bay on 6 April 1652 as a result Cape Town was founded. From 1980, the day became known as Founders Day (Stigtingsdag). The holiday was abolished after the first universal franchise election in 1994 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17338402", "score": "1.10458", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Founders Day (South Africa)", "text": "the subsequent new constitution. Founders Day (South Africa) Founders Day (\"Afrikaans: Stigtingsdag\") or Van Riebeeck's Day was a formal public holiday of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa until 1994. The holiday was established on 6 April 1952 during the Van Riebeeck Festival in honour of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck arrived at Table Bay on 6 April 1652 as a result Cape Town was founded. From 1980, the day became known as Founders Day (Stigtingsdag). The holiday was abolished after the first universal franchise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17338403", "score": "1.1033702", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Heritage Day (South Africa)", "text": "Heritage Day (South Africa) Heritage Day is a South African public holiday celebrated on 24 September. On this day, South Africans are encouraged to celebrate their culture and the diversity of their beliefs and traditions, in the wider context of a nation that belongs to all its people. In KwaZulu-Natal, 24 September was known as Shaka Day, in commemoration of the Zulu King, Shaka, on the presumed date of his death in 1828. Shaka was the Zulu King who played an important role in uniting disparate Zulu clans into a cohesive nation. Each year people gather at King Shaka's grave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6032373", "score": "1.102804", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Youth Day", "text": "Portuguese Colonial War. National Youth Day is a national holiday in Cameroon on February 11. Nation Youth Day (青年节) in the People's Republic of China is on May 4. It was established in December 1949 by the Government Administration Council to commemorate the beginning of the May Fourth Movement. Youth Day (青年節) in the Republic of China (Taiwan) has been celebrated on March 29 since 1954. It commemorates the Huanghuagang Uprising of 1911, during which 72 young revolutionaries sacrificed their lives to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. The Uprising took place on April 27 (the 29th day of the 3rd month", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2274405", "score": "1.0915627", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day", "text": "President Emmerson Mnangagwa was sworn in as leader of Zimbabwe following a coup which led to the resignation of Mugabe as President. The holiday was formalized through the publication of a statutory instrument on The Herald under the virtue of section 2 of the Public Holidays and Prohibition of Business Act. Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day Robert Gabriel Mugabe National Youth Day is a public holiday in Zimbabwe commemorating former President Robert Mugabe. The ZANU–PF Youth League has commemorated Robert Mugabe on his birthday in 21 February for years as part of its 21st February Movement which was established", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20462265", "score": "1.0889777", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Day of the Vow", "text": "Day of the Vow The Day of the Vow () was a religious public holiday in South Africa. It was an important holiday for Afrikaners, originating from the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838. Initially called Dingane's Day (), 16 December was made an annual national holiday in 1910, before being renamed Day of the Vow in 1982. In 1994, after the end of Apartheid, it was replaced by the Day of Reconciliation, an annual holiday also on 16 December. The day of the Vow traces its origin as an annual religious holiday to The Battle of Blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7826150", "score": "1.0884948", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Heritage Day (South Africa)", "text": "South Africa. Various events are staged throughout the country to commemorate this. Former Western Cape Provincial Premier Ebrahim Rasool addressed the public at a Heritage Day celebration at the Gugulethu Heritage trail in 2007 in Gugulethu. In Hout Bay, there is an army procession and a recreation of the battle fought there. In 2005, a media campaign sought to \"re-brand\" the holiday as National Braai Day, in recognition of the South African culinary tradition of holding informal backyard barbecues, or braais. On 5 September 2007, Archbishop Desmond Tutu celebrated his appointment as patron of South Africa's Braai (Barbecue) Day, affirming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6032375", "score": "1.0857786", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "History of women's rights in South Africa", "text": "campaigns were very successful. The women now have more rights than they have ever had before. On August 9, 1975, South African women celebrated the first South African Women's Freedom day. The holiday was organized by the ANC to commemorate the protests that began on August 9, 1913, against the identification passes that black people had to carry. Nowadays 96% of South African children aged 7–13 receive a primary education. However, there was a time when it was unusual to be able to go to school there. Many children struggled to receive an education. The government schools struggle with many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18114828", "score": "1.0841454", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Heritage Day (South Africa)", "text": "to honour him on this day. The Public Holidays Bill presented to the new democratic Parliament of South Africa in 1995 did not have 24 September included on the list of proposed public holidays. As a result of this exclusion, the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), a South African political party with a large Zulu membership, objected to the bill. Parliament and the IFP reached a compromise and the day was given its present title and seen as a public holiday. South Africans celebrate Heritage Day by remembering the cultural heritage of the many cultures that make up the population of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6032374", "score": "1.0792767", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Public holidays in South Africa", "text": "coincided on 21 March 2008. 27 December 2011 was declared a holiday by deputy president Kgalema Motlanthe as Christmas Day fell on a Sunday which generally makes the following Monday a public holiday. However, the following Monday, 26 December 2011, was the Day of Goodwill and therefore decreased the number of paid public holidays for the year. Initially this day was not to be declared a public holiday but in mid-December the decision was changed. The Christian holidays of Christmas Day and Good Friday remained in secular post-apartheid South Africa's calendar of public holidays. The Commission for the Promotion and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532431", "score": "1.0761294", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Youth Day", "text": "e Alie Akbar (first son of Imam Hossein). After Iran revolution in 1979 the Muslim government endeavored to replace most of the national days with religious events. Youth Day is celebrated on the first Monday of August in Kiribati. Youth Day is a public holiday in Morocco on August 21, the birthday of the reigning monarch, Mohammed VI of Morocco. Youth Day is celebrated on March 11 in Pakistan. Youth and Spring Day (\"Día de la Primavera y la Juventud\") is celebrated on September 21 in Paraguay, which marks the start of the spring season. Youth Day is celebrated on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2274409", "score": "1.075949", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Youth Day", "text": "and the commemoration of the beginning of the national liberation movement initiated by Atatürk in 1919 The day is celebrated in honor of the arrival of Kemal Atatürk to Samsun on May 19, 1919, when the Turkish War of Independence began. Youth Day is celebrated on March 21 in Tunisia just after celebration of their independence. Youth Day is celebrated on the last Sunday of June in Ukraine. Youth Day is celebrated on February 12. The holiday was created to commemorate all the teenagers above 12 years old who fought and died in the Battle of La Victoria (1812), during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2274412", "score": "1.0714457", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Day of Reconciliation", "text": "the celebration for the Afrikaners goes back to the Day of the Vow, celebrated on 16 December 1864 in commemoration of the Voortrekker victory over the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River. For African people, the date has been significant as one of both peaceful protests against racial injustice and of the founding of the more militant Umkhonto we Sizwe by the African National Congress (ANC) on 16 December 1961. Nelson Mandela and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission chose a day that was special to both ethnic groups in the country in order to work on healing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1393489", "score": "1.0657191", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Youth in South Africa", "text": "Youth in South Africa Youth in South Africa constituted 37% of the population in 2010, numbering 19.1 million individuals. South Africa's National Youth Commission Act, 1996, defines youth as those from ages 14 to 35 years. Like many other developing countries, South Africa's population as a whole is quite young. The elevated level of youth population is expected to exist for the next 20–30 years; the large proportion of working-age population presents South Africa with a time period of opportunity for human capital and economic development. Although South Africa transitioned from an apartheid government to a democracy in the early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18412786", "score": "1.0655494", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "Real Madrid" ]

[ { "title": "La Liga", "text": "Zamora Trophy, for the goalkeeper with the fewest goals allowed per game (minimum 28 games); the Alfredo di Stéfano Trophy, for the player judged to be the best overall player in the division; and the Zarra Trophy, for the top scorer among Spanish domestic players. Since the 2013–14 season, La Liga has also bestowed the monthly manager of the month and player of the month awards. The first La Liga player to be involved in a transfer which broke the world record was Luis Suárez in 1961, who moved from Barcelona to Internazionale for £152,000 (£ million in ). Twelve", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "492926", "score": "1.1754447", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Andrés Iniesta", "text": "two historic trebles in 2009 and 2015, and his 33 trophies, which includes nine La Ligas and four UEFA Champions League titles, make him the most decorated Spanish footballer of all time. Iniesta played for Spain at the Under-16, Under-19 and Under-21 levels before making his international debut in 2006. He helped Spain win Euro 2008, playing every game and being selected in the Team of the Tournament. Iniesta was also a key member of the victorious Spanish team at the 2010 World Cup; he scored the winning goal in the final against the Netherlands, for which he was named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5781123", "score": "1.1592551", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "FC Barcelona", "text": "Eto'o (108). Josep Samitier is the club's highest goalscorer in the Copa del Rey, with 65 goals. László Kubala holds the La Liga record for most goals scored in one match, with seven goals against Sporting de Gijón in 1952. Lionel Messi co-holds the Champions League record with five goals against Bayer Leverkusen in 2012. Eulogio Martínez became Barça's top goalscorer in a cup game, when he scored seven goals against Atlético Madrid in 1957. Barcelona goalkeepers have won a record number of Zamora trophies (20), with Antoni Ramallets and Víctor Valdés winning a record five each. Valdés had a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "772944", "score": "1.1389909", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Athletic Bilbao", "text": "and Barcelona. Athletic have won \"La Liga\" on eight occasions, fourth most in the history of the league. In the table of \"Copa del Rey\" titles, Athletic is second only to Barcelona, having won it 24 times (per the team's official records; the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) recognizes 23 victories). The club also has one of the most successful women's teams in Spain, which has won five championships in the \"Primera División Femenina\". The club is known for its \"cantera\" policy of bringing young Basque players through the ranks, as well as recruiting players from other Basque clubs like", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "852252", "score": "1.1361535", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "FC Barcelona", "text": "ratio of 0.832 goals-conceded-per-game, a La Liga record, and he also holds the record for longest period without conceding a goal (896 minutes) in all competitions for Barcelona. Claudio Bravo has the record of best unbeaten start in a season in La Liga history, at 754 minutes. Barcelona's longest serving manager is Jack Greenwell, with nine years in two spells (1917–1924) and (1931–1933), and Pep Guardiola is the club's most successful manager (14 trophies in 4 years). The most successful Barcelona player is Lionel Messi with 33 trophies, surpassing Andrés Iniesta, with 32 trophies. Barcelona's Camp Nou is the largest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "772945", "score": "1.1249647", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2013–14 La Liga", "text": "final match. Cristiano Ronaldo won the league scoring title with 31 goals. Messi was second and Costa third. Ángel Di María had most assists with 17. Thibaut Courtois won the Ricardo Zamora Trophy for best goalkeeper. Barcelona was the least penalised team. The table lists the positions of teams after completion of each round. The Pichichi Trophy is awarded by newspaper \"Marca\" to the player who scores the most goals in a season. Source: pichichi.es The Zamora Trophy is awarded by newspaper \"Marca\" to the goalkeeper with least goals-to-games ratio. Keepers must play at least 28 games of 60 or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16513709", "score": "1.1083481", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2010–11 La Liga", "text": "The Pichichi Trophy is awarded by newspaper \"Marca\" to the player who scores the most goals in a season, according to its own rules (different from the ones used by FIFA) to determine the goalscorer. The Zamora Trophy is awarded by newspaper \"Marca\" to the goalkeeper with least goals-to-games ratio. A goalkeeper must play at least 28 games of 60 or more minutes to be eligible for the trophy. This award is given annually since 1999 to the team with the best fair play during the season. This ranking takes into account aspects such as cards, suspension of matches, audience", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13765759", "score": "1.106727", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "La Liga", "text": "the new century under the brilliance of Ronaldinho. Barcelona retained the title and won it again in the 2005-2006 season, as well as winning the UEFA Champions League against Arsenal, achieving their second European Double. Under the era of Pep Guardiola, powered by La Masia's talent, such as Lionel Messi, Xavi and Andrés Iniesta, Barcelona added three straight Liga titles in 2008, 2009 and 2010. FC Barcelona also became the first team in Spain to achieve the Treble in the 2008/09 season, winning all three major competitions in a single season consisting of La Liga, Copa Del Rey and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "492918", "score": "1.1052654", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "hat-trick overall for Barcelona, allowing him to overtake Telmo Zarra as the player with the most hat-tricks ever in Spanish football. Additionally, as the season's top assist provider with 18 assists, he surpassed Luís Figo as the player with the most assists in La Liga; he made his record 106th assist in a fixture against Levante on 15 February, in which he also scored a hat-trick. Messi then scored twice as Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 3–1 in the Copa del Rey final on 30 May, achieving the sixth double in their history. His opening goal was hailed as one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438251", "score": "1.1039808", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "List of Spanish football champions", "text": "Real Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013–14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Real Madrid, who won the 2016–17 competition.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2014–15 La Liga", "text": "the most goals in a season. The Zamora Trophy is awarded by newspaper \"Marca\" to the goalkeeper with least goals-to-games ratio. Keepers must play at least 28 games of 60 or more minutes to be eligible for the trophy. La Liga's governing body, the Liga de Fútbol Profesional, honoured the competition's best players and coach with the LFP Awards. 2014–15 La Liga The 2014–15 La Liga season (known as the \"Liga BBVA\" for sponsorship reasons) was the 84th season of the premier association football league in Spain. The campaign began on 23 August 2014 and ended on 24 May 2015.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17413705", "score": "1.0994728", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2009–10 La Liga", "text": "new match ball - the Nike T90 Ascente - served as the official ball for all matches. On 16 May 2010, Barcelona were declared champions after their 4–0 victory over Valladolid, their 20th La Liga title. Lionel Messi won the LFP Award for Best Player for the second consecutive time. Teams promoted from 2008–09 Segunda División Teams relegated to 2009–10 Segunda División La Liga's governing body, the Liga de Fútbol Profesional, honoured the competition's best players and coach with the LFP Awards. The Pichichi Trophy is awarded to the player who scores the most goals in a season. The Zamora", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13322923", "score": "1.0897541", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2011–12 La Liga", "text": "Awards. The Pichichi Trophy is awarded by the newspaper \"Marca\" to the player who scores the most goals in a season. The Zamora Trophy is awarded by newspaper \"Marca\" to the goalkeeper with least goals-to-games ratio. A goalkeeper must play at least 28 games of 60 or more minutes to be eligible for the trophy. This award is given annually since 1999 to the team with the best fair play during the season. This ranking takes into account aspects such as cards, suspension of matches, audience behaviour and other penalties. This section not only aims to determine the best fair", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15030455", "score": "1.0882368", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "FC Barcelona", "text": "Champions League in the quarter-finals earlier in the year) to be crowned champions of La Liga for the 23rd time, they drew after Atlético defender Diego Godín headed in the equaliser in the 49th minute, giving Atlético the championship. Barcelona won the treble in the 2014–15 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years. On 30 May, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "772922", "score": "1.0881581", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "1997–98 La Liga", "text": "clubs: The Pichichi Trophy is awarded to the player who scores the most goals in a season. The Zamora Trophy is awarded to the goalkeeper with least goals to games ratio. Source: http://www.bdfutbol.com/es/t/t1996-97.html 1997–98 La Liga The 1997–98 La Liga season, the 67th since its establishment, started on 30 August 1997 and finished on 16 May 1998. On 29 March 1998, Sporting Gijón drew 0–0 with Real Zaragoza while Racing Santander, who were 19th in the table at the time, lost by Athletic Bilbao 4–3, to make Sporting Gijón the first team in La Liga history to be relegated in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9368350", "score": "1.0881417", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2013–14 La Liga", "text": "Ronaldo also won the Pichichi Trophy, along with the European Golden Shoe. Ángel Di María had the most assists, with 17. Thibaut Courtois won the Zamora Trophy for best goalkeeper. A total of 20 teams contested the league, including 17 sides from the 2012–13 season and three promoted from the 2012–13 Segunda División. This included the two top teams from the Segunda División, and the victorious team of the play-offs. RCD Mallorca, Deportivo de La Coruña and Real Zaragoza were relegated to 2013–14 Segunda División the previous season: Mallorca were relegated after 16 years in La Liga, the longest period", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16513703", "score": "1.0873054", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Football in Spain", "text": "history to achieve the continental treble twice (2009 and 2015). Sevilla is the most successful club in the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, with five titles. In total, the Spanish football clubs have won 73 international titles as of 2018. Over the years, Spanish clubs have won the European Cups/Champions League 18 times, the UEFA Super Cup 14 times, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 7 times, the UEFA Europa League 11 times, the UEFA Intertoto Cup 7 times and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 6 times. In addition, Spanish clubs have also won the Intercontinental Cup 4 times, and the FIFA Club", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3705881", "score": "1.0847241", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2011–12 Segunda División", "text": "phase, where Valladolid was winner and promoted to La Liga after a two-year absence. Córdoba and Hércules were eliminated in semi-finals. This is the list of goalscorers in accordance with LFP as organising body. The Zamora Trophy is awarded to the goalkeeper with least goals to games ratio. This award is given annually since 1999 to the team with the best fair play during the season. This ranking takes into account aspects such as cards, suspension of matches, audience behaviour and other penalties. This section not only aims to know this aspect, but also serves to break the tie in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14639979", "score": "1.0839938", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Real Madrid Voleibol", "text": "aforementioned Copa del Rey titles, there are seven times Liga champions currently Superliga and former Liga Nacional or Primera División for a total of nineteen titles of the maximum national competitions, 6 including six honorific titles of double during the almost Thirty years in which the section lasted. Between its performances in international competition its emphasizes moment was the season 1977–78 where they reached the semifinals of the European Cup, falling defeated before Starlift Blokkeer Dutch before disputing the end of the maximum European competition of clubs and being to date the best performance Of a Spanish club in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20178971", "score": "1.0816718", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Cristiano Ronaldo", "text": "the 103rd minute of the Copa del Rey final, winning his first trophy in Spain. Over the next two weeks, Ronaldo scored another four-goal haul against Sevilla, a hat-trick against Getafe, and a brace of free kicks against Villarreal, taking his league total to 38 goals, which equalled the record for most goals scored in a season held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez. His two goals in the last match of the season, against Almería, made him the first player in La Liga to score 40 goals. In addition to the Pichichi Trophy, Ronaldo consequently won the European Golden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3048772", "score": "1.0700568", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "La Liga", "text": "UEFA Champions League (18), UEFA Europa League (11), UEFA Super Cup (15), and FIFA Club World Cup (6) titles, and its players have accumulated the highest number of Ballon d'Or awards (22), The Best FIFA Men's Player including FIFA World Player of the Year (19) and UEFA Men's Player of the Year including UEFA Club Footballer of the Year (11). La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 26,983 for league matches in the 2017–18 season. This is the sixth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "492897", "score": "1.065396", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Luis Suárez", "text": "history of the club to reach the milestone of 35 goals in a single season. On the final day of the 2015–16 La Liga season, Suárez scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 victory at Granada to win the Spanish championship for \"Barça\" and registered 40 league goals for the season to win the Pichichi Trophy, for which Suárez became the first player since 2009 to win both the Pichichi and the European Golden Shoe other than Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. Fourteen of his goals came in his last five matches. Suárez also led the league in assists, tied at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9088433", "score": "1.0644909", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Lionel Messi", "text": "Sevilla in the 2018 Copa del Rey Final, later also setting up Suárez's second goal; this was Barcelona's fourth consecutive title and their 30th overall. On 29 April, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–2 away win over Deportivo de La Coruña, which saw Barcelona claim their 25th league title. On 9 May, Messi scored as Barcelona defeated Villarreal 5–1 to set the longest unbeaten streak (43 games) in La Liga history. With the departure of former captain Andrés Iniesta in May 2018, Messi was named the team's new captain for the following season. On 12 August 2018, he lifted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438273", "score": "1.0626936", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Luis Suárez", "text": "del Rey and the UEFA Champions League. Messi, Suárez, Neymar (dubbed MSN), scored a total of 122 goals that season, the most for an attacking front three in Spanish football history. In his second season at the club, Suárez won his first Pichichi Trophy as well as his second European Golden Shoe, for which he became the first player since 2009 to win both awards other than Messi or Ronaldo. He ended the season with a total of 40 league goals, 14 of which came in his last five matches, and 16 assists, becoming the first player in history to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9088391", "score": "1.0588517", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "FC Barcelona", "text": "2016, Barcelona won their sixth La Liga title in eight seasons. The front three of Messi, Suárez and Neymar finished the season with 131 goals, breaking the record they had set the previous year for most goals by an attacking trio in a single season. On 8 March 2017, Barcelona made the largest comeback in Champions League history in the 2016-17 UEFA Champions League in second Leg, beating Paris Saint-Germain by a score of 6–1 (aggregate score 6–5), despite losing the first leg in France by a score of 4–0. On 29 May 2017, former player Ernesto Valverde was named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "772926", "score": "1.0507171", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Sergio Ramos", "text": "making him the most sent-off player in La Liga as well. He is one yellow card away from having a tie with Alberto Lopo, the current record holder for La Liga yellow cards. His Primera División card record is higher than any other player's in the major European league, making him the most booked player in all major European leagues. In the Champions League, Ramos has amassed 37 yellow cards and 3 red cards (2 of which were straight red cards), making him the most-carded player in Champions League history. Lastly, Ramos has the record for the Spanish national team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5765472", "score": "1.0501021", "original_retrieval_index": 57 }, { "title": "Pichichi Trophy", "text": "criteria, its data may differ from the official match delegate reports. For the top scorers in La Liga according to LFP data, see \"List of La Liga top scorers\". Pichichi Trophy In Spanish football, the Trofeo Pichichi is awarded by the sports newspaper \"Marca\" to the top goalscorer of each La Liga season. Named after the Athletic Bilbao striker Rafael \"Pichichi\" Moreno, the trophy has been awarded annually since the 1952–53 season. All top scorers who preceded the award's creation were retroactively named Pichichi winners by \"Marca\". Since the 2014–15 season, the top scorer of the Liga Iberdrola is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "842429", "score": "1.0478032", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "season was 76,234, the highest in European Leagues. Real has also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (33 as of 2016–17) and the most seasons won in a row (five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90). With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga. The club also hold the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League thirteen times and for the most semi-final appearances (28). As of April 2016, Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top scorer in the UEFA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367462", "score": "1.0442253", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "Diego Forlán", "text": "week later he scored two in a 4–1 victory over local rivals Levante as Villarreal ended the season in third, qualifying for the Champions League for the first time in the club's history. Forlán won the 2004–05 Pichichi Trophy for most goals in La Liga, with 25. He also shared the 2005 European Golden Boot with Arsenal striker Thierry Henry. His goal rate declined in the 2005–06 season as Villarreal underwent several changes, yet the club reached the semi-finals of the Champions League where they were knocked out by Arsenal. In 2006–07, he ended the season with 19 goals in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3467304", "score": "1.0416205", "original_retrieval_index": 61 }, { "title": "FC Barcelona", "text": "an annual turnover of €648.3 million. The official Barcelona anthem is the \"Cant del Barça\", written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs. Domestically, Barcelona has won 25 La Liga, 30 Copa del Rey, 13 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won 20 European and World titles: 5 UEFA Champions League titles, a record 4 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a joint record 5 UEFA Super Cup, a record 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "772871", "score": "1.0412196", "original_retrieval_index": 62 } ]

[ "Jesus Christ" ]

[ { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "1992 book, \"The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Story of Homecoming\", in which he describes his own spiritual journey infused with understanding based on an encounter with Rembrandt's painting of the return of the Prodigal and deals with three personages: the younger, prodigal son; the self-righteous, resentful older son; and the compassionate father – all of whom the author identifies with personally. An earlier work with similarities to the parable is \"Le retour de l'enfant prodigue\" (\"The Return of the Prodigal Son\"), a short story by André Gide. Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem giving an interpretation of the younger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421937", "score": "1.2777771", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "role in Anne Tyler's novel A Spool of Blue Thread. The Prodigal Son was also referred to in the play \"The Merchant Of Venice\" as well as \"As You Like It\", pastoral comedies by William Shakespeare. The Prodigal Son is also mentioned in Shakespeare's romance, \"The Winter's Tale\" (Act 4, Scene 4 line 89). A similar parable of a lost son can also be found in the Mahayana Buddhist Lotus Sutra. The two parables are so similar in their outline and many details that several scholars have assumed that one version has influenced the other or that both texts share", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421939", "score": "1.2318256", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "comes to his senses: The son does not even have time to finish his rehearsed speech, since the father calls for his servants to dress him in a fine robe, a ring, and sandals, and slaughter the \"fattened calf\" for a celebratory meal. The older son, who was at work in the fields, hears the sound of celebration, and is told about the return of his younger brother. He is not impressed, and becomes angry. He also has a speech for his father: The parable concludes with the father explaining that because the younger son had returned, in a sense,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421922", "score": "1.2232937", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (Britten)", "text": "The Prodigal Son (Britten) The Prodigal Son is an opera by Benjamin Britten with a libretto by William Plomer. Based on the Biblical story of the Prodigal Son, this was Britten's third \"parable for church performance\", after \"Curlew River\" and \"The Burning Fiery Furnace\". Britten dedicated the score to Dmitri Shostakovich. The first performance took place on 10 June 1968 in St Bartholomew's Church, Orford, Suffolk. The instrumentalists included the horn player Neill Sanders and the percussionist James Blades. Colin Graham was the stage director. The United States premiere was presented at the Caramoor Summer Music Festival on June 29,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9553124", "score": "1.2225398", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "written by Sergei Prokofiev, a 1957 ballet by Hugo Alfvén, and an 1968 opera by Benjamin Britten. Many of these adaptations added to the Biblical material to lengthen the story; for example, the 1955 film \"The Prodigal\" took considerable liberties, such as adding a temptress priestess of Astarte to the tale. The parable is referenced in the last verse of the traditional Irish folk tune \"The Wild Rover\" (\"I'll go home to me parents, confess what I've done / and I'll ask them to pardon their prodigal son\"). Oblique adaptations include that by the Reverend Robert Wilkins, who told the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421930", "score": "1.2151933", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "upon their perfection, but their willingness to return to Him with a broken heart and a contrite spirit. The Eastern Orthodox Church traditionally reads this story on the Sunday of the Prodigal Son, which in their liturgical year is the Sunday before Meatfare Sunday and about two weeks before the beginning of Great Lent. One common \"kontakion\" hymn of the occasion reads, <poem>I have recklessly forgotten Your glory, O Father; And among sinners I have scattered the riches which You gave to me. And now I cry to You as the Prodigal:I have sinned before You, O merciful Father; Receive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421925", "score": "1.2053173", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "story of this parable in the song \"Prodigal Son\", which is probably best known as a cover version by the Rolling Stones on their 1968 album \"Beggar's Banquet\". \"Prodigal Man\" was written by Ted Nugent and is the second track of the third album \"Migration\" by The Amboy Dukes and was released in 1969. The Osmonds present a version of the parable in their 1973 hit song \"Let Me In,\" from their Mormon concept album \"The Plan\". The British heavy metal band Iron Maiden recorded a song titled \"Prodigal Son\", based on the parable of the same name, which appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421931", "score": "1.1981426", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tears of the Prodigal Son", "text": "Tears of the Prodigal Son The Tears of the Prodigal Son () is a poem written by the Croatian Baroque poet Ivan Gundulić. It was originally published in Venice in 1622. The poem is composed of three laments (cries) (\"plač\"): the Sin (\"Sagriješenje\"), the Comprehension (\"Spoznanje\") and the Humility (\"Skrušenje\"), presenting the three basic categories of Christianity — sin, repentance and redemption — through contrasts like death/life, sin/purity and Hell/Heaven. The poem \"Tears of the Prodigal Son\" draws on the well-known biblical Parable of the Prodigal Son found in Luke 15:11-32, the basis of which forms a story on a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12186084", "score": "1.1966122", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (Keith Green album)", "text": "The Prodigal Son (Keith Green album) The Prodigal Son is the second posthumous release by American contemporary Christian music pianist and singer Keith Green. His widow Melody Green assembled it from unreleased material and released it in 1983. The album features one of his most notable songs, \"The Prodigal Son Suite\", originally written by Green in hopes of completing a full rock opera based on Biblical stories and parables. Another component of that project -- \"On the Road to Jericho\", telling the story of the Good Samaritan—was released on Green's final posthumous album, \"Jesus Commands Us to Go!\". All tracks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8132413", "score": "1.189409", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "The Parable of the Prodigal Son (also known as the Two Brothers, Lost Son, Loving Father, or Lovesick Father) is one of the parables of Jesus and appears in Luke 15:11–32. Jesus Christ shares it with his disciples, the Pharisees and others.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (play)", "text": "The Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's play. The play is a dramatic biography of Jesus, influenced by the philosophical thoughts represented in the essay \"Den sidste Messias\" (en. \"The Last Messiah\") published in 1933 and Zapffe's philosophical treatise, \"Om det tragiske\" (en. \"On the Tragic\") published in 1941. Zapffe asserts that Jesus, like most people in the past and present, misinterpreted what it means to be human on this earth.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1974921", "score": "1.177233", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)", "text": "The Prodigal Son (Sullivan) The Prodigal Son is an oratorio by Arthur Sullivan with text taken from the parable of the same name in the Gospel of Luke. It features chorus with soprano, contralto, tenor and bass solos. It premiered in Worcester Cathedral on 10 September 1869 as part of the Three Choirs Festival. The work was Sullivan's first oratorio, and it was the first sacred music setting of this parable, preceding Claude Debussy's 1884 cantata \"L'enfant prodigue\" and Sergei Prokofiev's 1929 ballet \"The Prodigal Son\", Op. 46. Sullivan was still in his 20s when he composed this piece, which,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11268822", "score": "1.1712041", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "on their second release, \"Killers\", in 1981. U2 recorded a song titled \"The First Time\" on their 1993 album Zooropa. While based on the parable, it presents the idea of an alternate ending to the story. It could be argued that Kelly Willard's 1982 song, \"Make Me A Servant\" is based on what the son said to his father when he returned home. \"The Prodigal Son Suite\" from the album \"The Prodigal Son\" is one of the first posthumous releases by the late piano player and gospel singer Keith Green in 1983. Detroit musician, Kid Rock, also recorded a song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421932", "score": "1.1709061", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)", "text": "been recorded. The Prodigal Son (Sullivan) The Prodigal Son is an oratorio by Arthur Sullivan with text taken from the parable of the same name in the Gospel of Luke. It features chorus with soprano, contralto, tenor and bass solos. It premiered in Worcester Cathedral on 10 September 1869 as part of the Three Choirs Festival. The work was Sullivan's first oratorio, and it was the first sacred music setting of this parable, preceding Claude Debussy's 1884 cantata \"L'enfant prodigue\" and Sergei Prokofiev's 1929 ballet \"The Prodigal Son\", Op. 46. Sullivan was still in his 20s when he composed this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11268830", "score": "1.1694279", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (play)", "text": "He intentionally solicited the betrayal himself in order to fulfill the Messianic prophecies, through which he wanted to apprehend what he considered his birthright: the throne of King Herod. Zapffe thought Jesus was fully convinced he was the only living son of Herod Antipas, hence his only heir (except for Salomé). Judas is a central character in the play, being Jesus' closest friend from childhood. The play has never been produced because of its extensive requirements, including entire cities with massive buildings and numerous extras. In the foreword, Zapffe explains that the dramatic character of the material he gathered made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1974922", "score": "1.1679943", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Christoffel Jacobsz van der Laemen", "text": "the prodigal son. Of the known versions, one was sold at Christie's Amsterdam on 14 November 2007, lot 207, a second was sold at Christie's New York on 5 October 1995, lot 127 and a third one at Sotheby's London on 12 February 2008, lot 135. There is also a in the Louvre. The various versions combine two of the key episodes from the story as told in the New Testament. In the background on the right is depicted the fate of the dissolute prodigal son after he had squandered all his money and had fallen on hard times. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15010521", "score": "1.1661828", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Le retour de l'enfant prodigue", "text": "Le retour de l'enfant prodigue Le retour de l'enfant prodigue (\"The Return of the Prodigal Son\") is a short story by André Gide. Gide wrote the story in early 1907. It is based on the Biblical parable of the prodigal son. The story begins with the prodigal son returning home, not repentant, but hungry, poor, and frustrated at having failed to achieve his goal. He engages in dialogues with his father, mother, and elder brother. In Gide's version of the parable, the prodigal has a younger brother, who is on the verge of also leaving home; the returned prodigal promises", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7714404", "score": "1.1647447", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "the original intention of the artist. His late \"Return of the Prodigal Son\" (1662–1669, Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg) is one of his most popular works. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the theme was a sufficiently popular subject that the \"Prodigal Son Play\" can be seen as a subgenre of the English morality play. Examples include \"The Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune\", \"The Disobedient Child\", and \"Acolastus\". Notable adaptations for performance include an 1869 oratorio by Arthur Sullivan, an 1880 opera by Amilcare Ponchielli, a 1884 cantata by Claude Debussy, a 1929 ballet choreographed by George Balanchine to music", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421929", "score": "1.1615595", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)", "text": "in judgment; in the parable he objects to the father's compassion for the sinful son: But he answered his father, \"Behold, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed a commandment of yours, but you never gave me a goat, that I might celebrate with my friends. But when this, your son, came, who has devoured your living with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.\"—Luke 15:29–30, World English Bible The father explains, \"But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15591659", "score": "1.1607285", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Absalom and Achitophel", "text": "Parable of the Prodigal Son, which can be found in the New Testament in the Gospel of Luke, chapter 15, verse 11-32. It is the tale of a son who asks for his birthright early, loses it, and returns to his father, who then takes pity on him and shares with him his remaining fortune. The father's forgiveness contrasts with the response of David towards Achitophel, but still the story works well for a theme that deals with problems of ascension, and Dryden uses similarities and differences in the two stories to express the poem's themes. Ideas from this second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2712525", "score": "1.1598161", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (Hall Caine novel)", "text": "The Prodigal Son (Hall Caine novel) The Prodigal Son is a best-selling novel by Hall Caine, published in November 1904 by Heinemann and translated into thirteen languages. It is set in a sheep-rearing community in rural Iceland, with scenes in London and the French Riviera. At the same time Caine adapted the novel into a play. The copyright performance was held at the Grand Theatre, Douglas, Isle of Man. American and British productions opened days apart in 1905, at the National Theatre in Washington, D. C. on 28 August, the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York City on 4 September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20296580", "score": "1.1574783", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Prodigal Son (musician)", "text": "like UK's United by 1, Love 101 FM Jamaica, Flow FM Canada, Mystic 98, Fort Lauderdale, Florida and UK's Soulcare. He was interviewed and featured on the US network CBS on the 700 club programme 'Turning Point' where he shared his life changing testimony. His debut album Radikal Prodigal produced by Danny Brownie featured crossover hits I Wish, Woe and Radikal Style, all three songs were the first dancehall gospel songs to be played on mainstream radio in Jamaica such as RJR, Irie FM and Hot 102. His second album Still Standing which was self-produced was voted best gospel album", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16584217", "score": "1.1547875", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (Keith Green album)", "text": "feature Keith Green on lead vocals. The Prodigal Son (Keith Green album) The Prodigal Son is the second posthumous release by American contemporary Christian music pianist and singer Keith Green. His widow Melody Green assembled it from unreleased material and released it in 1983. The album features one of his most notable songs, \"The Prodigal Son Suite\", originally written by Green in hopes of completing a full rock opera based on Biblical stories and parables. Another component of that project -- \"On the Road to Jericho\", telling the story of the Good Samaritan—was released on Green's final posthumous album, \"Jesus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8132414", "score": "1.153041", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Son (ballet)", "text": "The Prodigal Son (ballet) The Prodigal Son, or Le Fils prodigue, Op. 46 () is a ballet created for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes by George Balanchine to music by Sergei Prokofiev (1928–29). The libretto, based on the parable in the Gospel of Luke, was by Boris Kochno, who added a good deal of drama and emphasized the theme of sin and redemption ending with the Prodigal Son's return. Susan Au writes in \"Ballet and Modern Dance\" that the ballet was the last of the Diaghilev era, choreographed the year the great impresario died. She continues: \"Adapted from the biblical story, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12073200", "score": "1.150635", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Prodigal Trilogy", "text": "The Prodigal Trilogy The Prodigal Trilogy is a 2008 independent Christian short film that tells the Parable of the Prodigal Son from the Bible, from a modern perspective. It was made in a combination of theatrical and cinematic styles, and was filmed in the Orillia Opera House in Orillia, Ontario, Canada. The film is divided into three acts, each act containing the three characters' monologues. Each character is played by Jason Hildebrand. Act I is the younger son's story. He tells of how he demanded that his father should give him his inheritance right away, and how he then ran", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13319621", "score": "1.150589", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Prodigal Son (musician)", "text": "Prodigal Son (musician) Calvin Curtis Whilby (born 1976), better known as Prodigal Son, is a Jamaican Gospel singer. Whilby was born in St. Catherine in 1976. He was raised by his grandmother. Following his grandmother’s death he moved to Kingston and settled in the notorious Rema district where he was drawn into the gang violence that plagued the area. He returned to the fold when he was invited to attend a church service and inspired by the biblical parable he became known as the Prodigal Son. Although he had no previous secular experience in music, he soon realized he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16584214", "score": "1.1489824", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Parables of Jesus", "text": "the Vineyard also appears in Early Medieval works. From the Renaissance the numbers shown widened slightly, and the various scenes of the Prodigal Son became the clear favorite, with the Good Samaritan also popular. Albrecht Dürer made a famous engraving of the \"Prodigal Son\" amongst the pigs (1496), a popular subject in the Northern Renaissance, and Rembrandt depicted the story several times, although at least one of his works, \"The Prodigal Son in the Tavern\", a portrait of himself as the Son, revelling with his wife, is like many artists' depictions, a way of dignifying a genre tavern scene. His", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6299008", "score": "1.1463212", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "a common origin. However, an influence of the biblical story on the Lotus sutra is regarded as unlikely given the early dating of the stratum of the sutra containing the Buddhist parable. In spite of their similarities, both parables continue differently after the two meet for the first time at the son's return. In the biblical story, there is an immediate reunion of the two. In contrast, in the Lotus sutra, the poor son does not recognize the rich man as his father. When the father sends out some attendants to welcome the son, the son panics, fearing some kind", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421940", "score": "1.1410801", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "L'enfant prodigue (Auber)", "text": "L'enfant prodigue (Auber) L'enfant prodigue (\"The Prodigal Son\") is a grand opera in five acts composed by Daniel Auber to a French libretto by Eugène Scribe based on the Parable of the Prodigal Son in Chapter 15 of the Gospel of Luke. It was first performed at the Théâtre de l'Académie Nationale de Musique in Paris on 6 December 1850. The role of Azaël (the prodigal son of the title) was sung in the premiere by the celebrated French tenor, Gustave-Hippolyte Roger, (1815-1879). The ballet music was used by Constant Lambert in 1933 for the ballet \"Les Rendezvous\" with choreography", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13810472", "score": "1.1406755", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Parable of the Prodigal Son", "text": "brother's perspective. The Parable of the Prodigal Son is also a recurring theme in the works of Rainer Maria Rilke, who interpreted the parable in a different way to the conventional reading. His version of the parable was not so concerned with redemption and the forgiveness of family; the love of the family, and human love in general, was seen as less worthy than unreciprocated love, which is the purest form of love. In loving the family less, the Son can love God more, even if this love is not returned. The theme of the Prodigal Son plays a major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2421938", "score": "1.1400124", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Auburn Tigers", "Georgia Bulldogs" ]

[ { "title": "2017 Auburn Tigers football team", "text": "clinched a berth in the SEC Championship Game with their victory over Alabama. The Tigers played Georgia for the second time this season, after defeating the Bulldogs 40–17 on November 11. It was Auburn's sixth appearance in the SEC Championship, going 3–2 with losses to Tennessee in 1997 and Florida in 2000, and victories over Tennessee in 2004, South Carolina in 2010, and Missouri in 2013. It was also the first SEC Championship Game held in the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium after the Georgia Dome was demolished the week before. Despite beating #1 Georgia three weeks prior to the SEC championship,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19729979", "score": "1.0698152", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29, 1984, with the Gamecocks holding a one-game edge over the Bulldogs in Southeastern Conference (SEC) play. In the 2016–17 SEC regular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20073164", "score": "1.0502062", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "De'Aaron Fox", "text": "18 points in an 82-65 win over Arkansas in the SEC Tournament in addition earning SEC Tournament MVP honors. On March 17, 2017, Fox scored 19 points and 3 assists to defeat Northern Kentucky University in the First round of the NCAA Tournament. On March 19, 2017, Fox scored 14 points to defeat Wichita State 65-62 in the second round of the NCAA Tournament. On March 24, 2017, In a Sweet 16 matchup against the UCLA Bruins, Fox scored 39 points to advance the Kentucky Wildcats to the Elite Eight game. On March 26, 2017, Fox only scored 13 points", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19164436", "score": "1.0396532", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ben Simmons", "text": "first time after being removed from LSU's starting line-up for their game against Tennessee due to academic reasons. Following the conclusion of the regular season, Simmons was named first-team All-Southeastern Conference and the league's Freshman of the Year on the 2016 Coaches SEC voting. He was also named to the eight-player All-SEC Freshman team. The team's regular season was largely regarded as a disappointment. After ranking No. 21 in the preseason AP Top 25 vote, LSU finished the regular season with an 18–13 record, including 11–7 in SEC play. As the fourth seed in the 2016 SEC Tournament, Simmons helped", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17323172", "score": "1.0356574", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2017 SEC Championship Game", "text": "a rematch against Georgia. Georgia The Bulldogs clinched the SEC Eastern Division after beating rival South Carolina on November 4. It was the earliest a spot in the SEC Championship Game had been clinched since 2009. The Bulldogs had a great regular season, going 11–1. In the second game of the year, the Bulldogs defeated Notre Dame 20–19 on a late field goal. Later in September, they defeated #17 ranked Mississippi State 31–3, solidifying themselves as title contenders. After victories over lesser conference foes, the Bulldogs had a chance to clinch the SEC East with a victory over Florida. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20005710", "score": "1.0352814", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2017–18 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team", "text": "2017–18 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team The 2017–18 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 2017-18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by Mike Anderson, who was in his seventh season. The Razorbacks played their home games at Bud Walton Arena in Fayetteville, Arkansas as a member of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 23–12, 10–8 in SEC play to finish in a three-way tie for fourth place. As the No. 6 seed in the SEC Tournament, they defeated South Carolina and Florida before losing in the semifinals to Tennessee.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20080864", "score": "1.0333104", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2017 SEC Championship Game", "text": "dominated the Gators 42–7. After a win over South Carolina, the Bulldogs were ranked #1 in the CFP poll and #2 in the AP Poll. However, that week they were defeated handily by Auburn for their first loss of the year. The Bulldogs bounced back and defeated Kentucky and rival Georgia Tech to set up a rematch with Auburn. Georgia and Auburn met in the SEC Championship Game, the first ever in the Mercedes-Benz Stadium, for a rematch of the regular-season contest. Auburn scored an early touchdown on their first drive of the game, going 75 yards on 10 plays.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20005711", "score": "1.030477", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Kasey Hill", "text": "free throws. In the 2016–17 season under Florida coach Mike White, Hill averaged 2.9 rebounds, 1.7 steals, and 0.1 blocks per game, earning him a spot on the SEC All-Defensive Team. Hill's 2016–17 season was littered with standout performances such as the 22-point defeat of Kentucky on February 4 when he achieved 21 points, 5 rebounds, and 4 assists in front of a sold-out crowd at the newly renovated O'Connell Center. Following the close of his college career, Hill signed with Alba Fehérvár of the Hungarian League on July 21, 2017. Kasey Hill Kasey Hill (born December 3, 1993) is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18772972", "score": "1.022613", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2017 SEC Championship Game", "text": "field goal to take their first lead of the game. Neither team would score for the remainder of the first half. Georgia received the ball at the beginning of the first half, but they were forced to punt after 5 plays. Auburn would once again march into the red zone, but this time, Daniel Carlson's 31-yard field goal attempt was blocked by DaQuan Hawkins-Muckle and recovered by Dominick Sanders. Both teams traded punts on their next drives. Late into the third quarter, Georgia extended their lead to 13–7 with a 35-yard field goal. On Auburn's next drive, Lorenzo Carter forced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20005713", "score": "1.0184553", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2017 SEC Championship Game", "text": "and determined the 2017 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). This was the first SEC Conference football championship at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The game featured the Eastern Division Champion, 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team against the Western Division Co-Champion, the 2017 Auburn Tigers football team, in a rematch of the their rivalry game, which was won by Auburn by a score of 40-17, on November 11, 2017. This game marked the first time that any permanent cross division rivals faced off in the SEC Championship Game. This was also the first SEC Championship Game with new SEC on CBS", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 Florida Gators football team", "text": "solid performance which included a 98-yard touchdown pass to put the Gators up 10–7 entering the fourth quarter. The game eventually came down to a fourth-and-goal play for LSU with three seconds remaining in the game, a play which was stuffed by the Gators defense, preserving an emotional 16–10 win in Death Valley to guarantee a berth in the 2016 SEC Championship Game against undefeated Alabama. Florida lost for the fourth straight year to rival Florida State 13–31 to close out the regular season, and was trounced 54–16 by Alabama in the SEC Championship Game. Florida accepted a berth in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19888821", "score": "1.0161273", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team", "text": "in the CFP Semi-final in the Sugar Bowl over Clemson and Georgia's overtime win over Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl, Alabama and Georgia, who did not play during SEC play, were slated to play on January 8, 2018 in the Mercedes-Benz Dome in Atlanta, Georgia for the 2018 College Football National Championship Game. This game marked the first time ex-Defensive Coordinator for Alabama Kirby Smart, head coach of Georgia faced off against his mentor Nick Saban. Alabama won the coin toss and elected to defer. On Georgia's opening drive, Alabama's Tony Brown intercepted a pass intended for Georgia's Riley Ridley,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19950296", "score": "1.012516", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jalen Hurts", "text": "the nation's top college quarterback. On December 3, 2016, he led his team to win the 2016 SEC Championship over the Florida Gators and was subsequently named SEC Offensive Player of the Year, SEC Freshman of the Year, and received Freshman All-American from several publications. Hurts was featured on the cover page of \"Sports Illustrated\" College Football Playoff magazine on December 6, 2016. On January 9, 2017, top-seeded Alabama lost the 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship against the Clemson Tigers by a score of 35–31. The bowl game was played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. In 2017, Hurts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19714511", "score": "1.0085309", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Chris Chiozza", "text": "ranked No. 45 in his class by Rivals.com and received scholarship offers from Auburn, UMass, Memphis, Ohio State, Richmond and Tennessee before committing to Florida. Chiozza hit a 3-pointer at the buzzer to defeat Wisconsin and send Florida to an 84-83 overtime victory and the Elite Eight of the 2017 NCAA Tournament. He was thinking of passing but ended up taking the winning shot. As a junior he averaged 7.2 points, 3.8 assists and 3.3 rebounds per game. Chiozza became a starter as a senior and led the SEC with a 3.22 assist-to-turnover ratio. He had a last-second steal and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20682392", "score": "1.006839", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Duop Reath", "text": "in the Tigers' 2016–17 season. He averaged 12.0 points, 6.7 rebounds and 0.8 assists per game during the season. He was the SEC Player of the Week in the first week. On December 19, 2016 he scored season-high 23 points against the Charleston. On February 4, 2017, he pulled down career-high 16 rebounds against the Texas A&M. Reath appeared in 33 games, including 28 starts in the Tigers' 2017–18 season. He averaged 12.6 points, 5.3 rebounds and 0.7 assists per game during the season. On January 20, 2018 he scored career-high 31 points against the Vanderbilt. He was named the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20829664", "score": "1.0065273", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2016–17 LSU Tigers basketball team", "text": "SEC Tournament Source: 2016–17 LSU Tigers basketball team The 2016–17 LSU Tigers basketball team represented Louisiana State University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Johnny Jones, who was in his fifth season at LSU. They played their home games at the Pete Maravich Assembly Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as a member of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 10–21, 2–16 in SEC play to finish in a tie for 13th place. They lost in the First Round of the SEC Tournament to Mississippi State. On March 10, head coach Johnny", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19634516", "score": "1.0056709", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2017 SEC Championship Game", "text": "SEC Championship by beating Auburn 28-7. This game marked the first time that any permanent cross division rivals faced off in the SEC Championship Game. This was also the first SEC Championship Game with new SEC on CBS announcer Brad Nessler replacing Verne Lundquist, who retired in 2016. The game was televised nationally by CBS. In the 2016 SEC Championship Game, the western division champion Alabama defeated the eastern division champion Florida 54–16 in a rematch of the 2015 SEC Championship Game. It was the last SEC title game to be held at the Georgia Dome, which was demolished shortly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20005707", "score": "0.9996999", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2017–18 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team", "text": "They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they lost in the first round to Butler. Senior guard Jaylen Barford was named first team All-SEC, while senior guard Daryl Macon was a second team All-SEC selection. Freshman center Daniel Gafford was named to the SEC All-Freshman Team. On March 26, 2018, Gafford announced he would forego the 2018 NBA draft, and would be returning to Arkansas for his sophomore season. The Razorbacks finished the 2016–17 season 26–10, 12–6 in SEC play to finish in a tie for third. In the SEC Tournament, the defeated Ole Miss and Vanderbilt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20080865", "score": "0.99871916", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Tyler Smith (basketball)", "text": "named the SEC Player of the Week after leading the Vols to wins over Auburn and at top-ranked Memphis. Scored in double figures in 31 of 36 games and had six double-doubles. He and teammate Chris Lofton were both named to the All-SEC first team. He was a team leader and the only Vol to start all 34 games during the season, played primarily at the four spot but also saw time at the three position. He led the Vols in scoring 18 times, assists 16 times and rebounding 10 times. He also led the team with 17.4 points per", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14184306", "score": "0.99792993", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2016–17 Missouri Tigers men's basketball team", "text": "before losing in the second round to Ole Miss. On March 5, 2017, head coach Kim Anderson was asked to step down as head coach of the Tigers following the season. He was allowed to coach the team in the SEC Tournament. On March 15, the school hired Cuonzo Martin as head coach. The Tigers finished the 2015–16 season 10–21, 3–15 in SEC play to finish in last place. Due to a self-imposed postseason ban, Missouri did not participate in the SEC Tournament. !colspan=12 style=| Exhibition !colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=12 style=|SEC regular season !colspan=12 style=| SEC Tournament 2016–17", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19630990", "score": "0.9900423", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2018 SEC Championship Game", "text": "2018 SEC Championship Game The 2018 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 1, 2018, in the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, to determine the 2018 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game featured the East Division champion Georgia against the West Division champion Alabama. The game was televised by CBS for the eighteenth straight year. Alabama came back from a 21–14 halftime deficit to defeat Georgia, 35–28. In the 2017 SEC Championship Game, the East champion Georgia defeated the West champion Auburn 28–7 in a rematch from three weeks prior where Auburn defeated Georgia 40–17. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20490191", "score": "0.9898295", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2017 SEC Championship Game", "text": "Kerryon Johnson to fumble the ball, and Roquan Smith again recovered the fumble. Georgia would subsequently score a touchdown on a 4-play, 39-yard drive, capped off by a successful 2-point conversion to put Georgia up 21–7. After the Georgia defense forced Auburn to go three-and-out on their next drive, D'Andre Swift would score on a 64-yard touchdown run to put Georgia up 28–7, the final score of the game. 2017 SEC Championship Game The 2017 SEC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, and determined the 2017 football champion of the Southeastern Conference", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20005714", "score": "0.9883522", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Senquez Golson", "text": "the best defensive players in the SEC. In a game against #1 Alabama, he made an interception in the back of the end zone sealing the victory and upset for the Rebels. He was named a first-team All-Southeastern Conference selection and earned unanimous All-American honours, the first in school history since Michael Oher in 2008. During his senior season, he started all 12 regular season games plus the 2015 Peach Bowl. He accumulated 43 tackles, three of them for a loss. He also tied the school record with 10 interceptions in a season, with one of them occurring in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18348766", "score": "0.98628855", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2017–18 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team", "text": "They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they defeated College of Charleston in the First Round before losing in the Second Round to Clemson. The Tigers finished the 2016–17 season 18–14, 7–11 in SEC play to finish in 11th place. They lost in the first round of the SEC Tournament to Missouri. On September 26, 2017, federal prosecutors in New York announced charges of fraud and corruption against 10 people involved in college basketball, including Auburn associate head coach Chuck Person. The charges allege that Person and others allegedly received benefits from financial advisers and others to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20317666", "score": "0.9858774", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Tyler Ulis", "text": "on March 20. He was named one of 10 finalists for the Wooden Award on March 29. When naming Ulis to its All-American team, Associated Press described Ulis as the shortest All-American since Johnny O'Brien in 1953. Ulis won the Bob Cousy Award. In the 2016 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament, Ulis scored 25 points and had 4 assists in the semifinal victory over Georgia on March 12. In the finals against regular season co-champion Texas A&M on March 13, Ulis posted a career-high 30 points. He played all 45 minutes of the overtime contest. Ulis was tournament MVP. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17829329", "score": "0.98578894", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Tyler Ulis", "text": "team). He placed on both voting bodies' All-Conference first teams, and was named to the coaches' All-SEC defensive team. He was the second player (after Anthony Davis) to earn both the SEC Player of the Year and SEC Defensive Player of the Year honors in the same season. Ulis earned broad 2016 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans recognition. He was a first team selection by \"USA Today\", ESPN, \"Sports Illustrated\", NBC Sports, Associated Press, CBS Sports, and \"Sporting News\"; He was a second team selection by the USBWA and NABC. Ulis was named one of four finalists for the Naismith Trophy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17829328", "score": "0.9853143", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2017–18 Missouri Tigers men's basketball team", "text": "the first round before losing in the second round to Ole Miss. On March 5, 2017, head coach Kim Anderson was asked to step down as head coach of the Tigers following the season. He was allowed to coach the team in the SEC Tournament. On March 15, the school hired Cuonzo Martin as head coach. Shortly after his hiring at Missouri, Cuonzo Martin hired Michael Porter Sr. as an assistant coach. Shortly thereafter, after being released from his commitment to Washington following the firing of Washington head coach Lorenzo Romar, Porter's son, No. 2 overall recruit Michael Porter Jr.,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20074675", "score": "0.9847925", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2017 Auburn Tigers football team", "text": "with the SEC Western Division championship on the line. The final game of the regular season was the annual Iron Bowl game against Alabama, with a trip to the SEC Championship on the line. The Tigers struck first as Kerryon Johnson took a direct snap and completed a jump pass to Nate Craig-Myers. The Crimson Tide responded with a long touchdown pass of their own. The Tigers went ahead at the end of the first half with a field goal from Daniel Carlson to go into halftime with a 10–7 lead. Alabama had a long, quick drive to begin the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19729977", "score": "0.9839246", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "2017 SEC Championship Game", "text": "The Auburn defense forced Georgia to punt on their first drive after 7 plays. Both teams would go three-and-out on their next drives. Early into the second quarter, Auburn drove into the red zone before Jarrett Stidham fumbled the ball as he was sacked by Davin Bellamy. Roquan Smith recovered the fumble, and Georgia subsequently scored their first touchdown of the game on a 7 play, 83-yard drive. Auburn was forced to go three-and-out afterwards, and Georgia responded with another scoring drive. After a potential touchdown pass was erased by a controversial \"pick play\" call, Georgia settled for a 27-yard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20005712", "score": "0.9835774", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "SEC Championship Game", "text": "Game which they lost 21–0 to fellow SEC member Alabama, and in 2017 Georgia won the SEC Championship Game and advanced to the College Football Playoff, defeating Oklahoma in the semifinal and advancing to the CFP final game, which they lost 26–23 in overtime to SEC member Alabama. Rankings are from the AP Poll at the time the game was played. Rankings are from the AP Poll at the time the game was played. List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games SEC Championship Game The SEC Championship Game is an annual American football game that has determined the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6438766", "score": "0.981904", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

[ "Gene Kelly", "Donald O'Connor", "Judy Garland", "Debbie Reynolds", "Mickey Rooney" ]

[ { "title": "Hello Good Morning", "text": "of 500,000 copies. Internationally, the single peaked at No. 22 in UK, and was particularly successful on the German Black Chart and UK R&B Chart, reaching number one and number eight respectively.morning \"Hello Good Morning\" was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, T.I., Nathaniel \"Danja\" Hills. The song which features T.I., and was produced by Danja, is an electro-dance song influenced by Diddy's experiences in Ibiza where he visited the DC10 nightclub. The music influences included \"Felix da Housecat, Erick Morillo, Deep Dish and DJ Hell\". According to \"Rap-Up\" magazine, the lyrics refer to \"keeping a party going till early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14433406", "score": "1.1651227", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Good Morning Starshine", "text": "song is performed by the character Sheila, played Off-Broadway in 1967 by Jill O'Hara and by Lynn Kellogg in the original 1968 Broadway production. In the 1979 film version of the musical, Sheila is portrayed by Beverly D'Angelo. Good Morning Starshine \"Good Morning Starshine\" is a pop song from the musical \"Hair\" (1967). It was a No. 3 hit in the United States in July 1969 and a No. 6 hit in the United Kingdom in October 1969, for the singer Oliver. The chorus makes extensive use of apparent nonsense words: \"Glibby gloop gloopy, Nibby Nabby Noopy, La La La", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12870197", "score": "1.0962465", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Hello Good Morning", "text": "Awards\" on August 9, 2010. \"Hello Good Morning\" was recorded at Chalice Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California and mixed at Larrabee Studios in Universal City, California. Hello Good Morning \"Hello Good Morning\" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, \"Last Train to Paris\". It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single. The electronic dance song incorporates an acid squelch section in the middle 8, ad was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, Clifford \"T.I.\" Harris and Nathaniel \"Danja\" Hills who also produced the song.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14433424", "score": "1.0869552", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Mildred J. Hill", "text": "She is buried with her sister in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky. Mildred Hill's manuscripts and papers are held by the University of Louisville Music Library in Louisville, Kentucky. While teaching at the Louisville Experimental Kindergarten School, the Hill sisters wrote the song \"Good Morning to All\"; Mildred wrote the melody, and Patty the lyrics. The song was first published in 1893 in \"Song Stories for the Kindergarten\" as a greeting song for teachers to sing to their students. \"Song Stories for the Kindergarten\" had over 20 editions, and the words were translated into French, German, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9425266", "score": "1.0580683", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mildred J. Hill", "text": "question after a judge ruled against the legitimacy of the copyright. Hill and her sister were posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame on June 12, 1996. Mildred J. Hill Mildred Jane Hill (June 27, 1859 – June 5, 1916) was an American songwriter and musicologist, who composed the melody for \"Good Morning to All\", later used as the melody for \"Happy Birthday to You\". Mildred Jane Hill, born in Louisville, Kentucky, was the oldest of three sisters, Mildred, Patty, and Jessica. She learned music from her father, Calvin Cody, and Adolph Weidig. It has been reported that Mildred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9425268", "score": "1.0571408", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Happy Birthday to You", "text": "the tune is disputed. Patty Hill was a kindergarten principal in Louisville, Kentucky, developing various teaching methods at what is now the Little Loomhouse; her sister Mildred was a pianist and composer. The sisters used \"Good Morning to All\" as a song that young children would find easy to sing. The combination of melody and lyrics in \"Happy Birthday to You\" first appeared in print in 1912, and probably existed even earlier. None of the early appearances of the \"Happy Birthday to You\" lyrics included credits or copyright notices. The Summy Company registered a copyright in 1935, crediting authors Preston", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "887927", "score": "1.0523891", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Good Morning Heartache", "text": "Good Morning Heartache \"Good Morning Heartache\" is a song written by Irene Higginbotham, Ervin Drake, and Dan Fisher. It was recorded by jazz singer Billie Holiday on January 22, 1946. Bill Stegmeyer and his Orchestra (Decca Session #54) New York City, January 22, 1946: with Chris Griffin (trumpet), Joe Guy (trumpet), Bill Stegmeyer (alto saxophone), Hank Ross (tenor saxophone), Bernie Kaufman (tenor saxophone), Armand Camgros (tenor saxophone), Joe Springer (piano), Tiny Grimes (guitar), John Simmons (bass), Sidney Catlett (drums), Billie Holiday (vocal) + 4 strings. The song was revived by R&B/soul singer Diana Ross, when she portrayed Holiday in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10423675", "score": "1.05076", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Good Morning (Kanye West song)", "text": "electronic synthesizer along with keyboards which harbor New-Age aspects. Furthermore, West integrated samples of vocals in the falsetto register into the chorus section. The dreamy, chant-like coos are from the 1975 recording \"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\" by the English pianist, singer-songwriter and composer Elton John. The track also contains additional vocals provided by Australian singer Connie Mitchell of the dance music group Sneaky Sound System as well as soul singer Tony Williams. West had Connie Mitchell and Tony Williams sing a descending vocal line together over the looped sample. Their celestial unison singing and the floating monophonic vocal loop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12402692", "score": "1.041005", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Good Morning Good Morning", "text": "Good Morning Good Morning \"Good Morning Good Morning\" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the Beatles, featured on their 1967 album \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\". Inspiration for the song came to Lennon from a television commercial for Kellogg's Corn Flakes. Another reference to contemporary television was the lyric \"It's time for tea and \"Meet the Wife\"\", referring to the BBC sitcom. The basic track was recorded on 8 February 1967, with overdubs on 16 February (bass guitar and lead vocals), 13 March (brass section), 28 March (backing vocals and guitar solo),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5558554", "score": "1.0401217", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Good Morning (1939 song)", "text": "Good Morning is a song by Nacio Herb Brown (music) and Arthur Freed (lyrics) written for the 1939 film Babes in Arms and performed by Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney. Its best known performance was in the 1952 hit musical film Singin' in the Rain, where it was sung by Debbie Reynolds, Gene Kelly and Donald O'Connor. In 2004 the version in Singin' in the Rain finished at #72 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of the top tunes in American cinema.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Hello Good Morning", "text": "Hello Good Morning \"Hello Good Morning\" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, \"Last Train to Paris\". It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single. The electronic dance song incorporates an acid squelch section in the middle 8, ad was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, Clifford \"T.I.\" Harris and Nathaniel \"Danja\" Hills who also produced the song. T.I. has a featured rap on the song. The song's musical composition was inspired by Diddy's experiences in Ibiza night clubs; its lyrics focus around sex and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14433403", "score": "1.0399382", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Good Morning Starshine", "text": "Good Morning Starshine \"Good Morning Starshine\" is a pop song from the musical \"Hair\" (1967). It was a No. 3 hit in the United States in July 1969 and a No. 6 hit in the United Kingdom in October 1969, for the singer Oliver. The chorus makes extensive use of apparent nonsense words: \"Glibby gloop gloopy, Nibby Nabby Noopy, La La La Lo Lo. Sabba Sibby Sabba, Nooby abba Nabba Le Le Lo Lo. Tooby ooby walla, nooby abba nabba, Early mornin' singin' song.\" \"Good Morning Starshine\" is a song from the second act of the musical, \"Hair\" (1967). The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12870196", "score": "1.0390636", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Good Morning Baltimore", "text": "Good Morning Baltimore \"Good Morning Baltimore\" is the opening number of the musical \"Hairspray\". It is performed by the protagonist, Tracy Turnblad, and alludes to the distinctive beat and vocal effects (\"oh-oh-oh\") of The Ronettes' 1963 hit \"Be My Baby\". In the 2007 film, Tracy, played by Nikki Blonsky, blinks her eyes in time with the music at the beginning of this number. Tracy Turnblad wakes up to a new day in Baltimore, and sings about everything she encounters on the way to school. She dreams of being a star. The song \"takes us thorough Tracy’s morning routine, for instance,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18120948", "score": "1.0388473", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mildred J. Hill", "text": "Mildred J. Hill Mildred Jane Hill (June 27, 1859 – June 5, 1916) was an American songwriter and musicologist, who composed the melody for \"Good Morning to All\", later used as the melody for \"Happy Birthday to You\". Mildred Jane Hill, born in Louisville, Kentucky, was the oldest of three sisters, Mildred, Patty, and Jessica. She learned music from her father, Calvin Cody, and Adolph Weidig. It has been reported that Mildred Hill was a kindergarten and Sunday-school teacher, like her younger sister Patty. Prof. Robert Brauneis, after extensively researching the Hill family, has concluded that she was not a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9425264", "score": "1.0377567", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sound Magazine", "text": "and produced the #13 hit \"I Woke Up In Love This Morning\". Background musicians were: Hal Blaine on drums, Mike Melvoin and Larry Knechtel on piano, and Dennis Budimir and Louie Shelton on guitar. Background voices were provided by John Bahler, Tom Bahler, Jackie Ward, and Ron Hicklin. The vocal background was arranged by John Bahler. As with most Partridge Family releases, many well-known songwriters contributed songs to the album, including Paul Anka, Rupert Holmes, Tony Romeo and Bobby Hart. The latter had also contributed songs to The Monkees, a similar project which also combined a prime time television series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461736", "score": "1.0344445", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Patty Hill", "text": "Morning to All\". The tune became even more popular as \"Happy Birthday to You\" during the 20th century. Hill and her sister Mildred wrote the song (Mildred wrote the tune; Patty wrote the original lyrics) while Mildred was a composer of songs and Patty was principal at the Louisville Experimental Kindergarten School. This kindergarten was an early experiment in modern educational methods, and was honored, along with the Hill sisters, at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. Patty Smith Hill, who never married, was awarded an honorary doctorate degree by Columbia University in 1929. Hill died at her home in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3563648", "score": "1.03257", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Good Morning, Boys", "text": "conspicuous by his absence.\" Good Morning, Boys Good Morning, Boys is a 1937 British comedy film directed by Marcel Varnel and featuring Will Hay, Graham Moffatt, Martita Hunt, Lilli Palmer and Peter Gawthorne. It was made at the Gainsborough Studios in Islington. The film marked the first appearance of both Peter Gawthorne and Charles Hawtrey in a Will Hay film, both of whom would go onto act as straight men to Hay in his future films. Will Hay plays the roguish headmaster, Dr Twist, of a dubious boarding school for boys. Twist bets on the horses with his pupils and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6984971", "score": "1.0320408", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Happy Birthday to You", "text": "the European Union on January 1, 2017. In the United States, a federal court ruled in 2016 that Warner/Chappell's copyright claim was invalid and there was no other claim to copyright. The origins of \"Happy Birthday to You\" date back to at least the late 19th century, when two sisters, Patty and Mildred J. Hill, introduced the song \"Good Morning to All\" to Patty's kindergarten class in Kentucky. Years later, in 1893, they published the tune in their songbook \"Song Stories for the Kindergarten\". Kembrew McLeod stated that the Hill sisters likely copied the tune and lyrical idea from other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "887935", "score": "1.0282437", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "M Ross Perkins", "text": "full-length record under the pseudonym of The Esther Caulfield Orchestra. This album, called \"Good Morning, Whiskey Breakfast\", included contributions from Joseph Sebaali and Andrew Gabbard of Buffalo Killers and was described as a \"potent cocktail of thrilling, 60s-inspired psychedelia.\" \"Good Morning, Whiskey Breakfast\" was made available through Perkins' website as a free download, with only 25 hand-made copies of the album on CD made available for purchase. During this time, Perkins worked as a roadie for Buffalo Killers on their tours in support of The Black Crowes, and he has referred to this experience as his \"formal introduction to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19802074", "score": "1.0251428", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "A Beautiful Morning", "text": "in \"The First Wives Club\". The song was also used in the 1993 movie \"A Bronx Tale\" opening the racetrack scene, as well as on \"Arrow\" at the end of the eighteenth episode of the fifth season, titled \"Disbanded.\" A Beautiful Morning \"A Beautiful Morning\" is a song written by Felix Cavaliere and Eddie Brigati and recorded by the Rascals. Coming out in early 1968, it was the group's first single released under that name rather than the Young Rascals. The song continued the theme of carefree optimism that had distinguished the previous year's \"Groovin'\". The song was a big", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10675098", "score": "1.0229828", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Morning (Clare Fischer composition)", "text": "throughout the Spanish-speaking world, by José José's eponymous 1969 debut LP, which featured a \"Morning\" cover employing José's own lyrics. Head start aside, the magnitude of José's stardom all but guaranteed that any Spanish-language version supplied by the composer was doomed to obscurity, a situation still lamented by Fischer almost thirty years later. Fischer's own lyrics, however, have - at least in their original language - gained some traction since their 1981 debut in \"Clare Fischer & Salsa Picante Present 2+2\", with subsequent recordings by Lisa Rich, Meredith D'Ambrosio, Jeanie Bryson, Dianne Reeves, Alex & Nilusha, and, most recently, on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17082274", "score": "1.0165694", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "A Beautiful Morning", "text": "A Beautiful Morning \"A Beautiful Morning\" is a song written by Felix Cavaliere and Eddie Brigati and recorded by the Rascals. Coming out in early 1968, it was the group's first single released under that name rather than the Young Rascals. The song continued the theme of carefree optimism that had distinguished the previous year's \"Groovin'\". The song was a big hit in the United States, reaching number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and also reaching number 36 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. It was RIAA-certified as a Million Seller on June 28, 1968. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10675096", "score": "1.011755", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Good Morning (Kanye West song)", "text": "song of their tribute album, \"The String Quartet Tribute to Kanye West\". In a manner similar, \"Rockabye Baby!\" featured an interpretation of \"Good Morning\" as the opening track of their tribute album, \"Rockabye Baby! Lullaby Renditions of Kanye West\". Intended for infants, the soothing rendition is a wordless lullaby instrumental, substituting keyboards and drums in favor of xylophones and bells. The rendition was later featured on \"Good Day, Goodnight\", their five-year anniversary 2-CD compilation release. The compilation album contains the most requested songs from their previous releases, including \"Good Morning,\" in addition to several exclusive new tracks. Virginia hip-hop duo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12402734", "score": "1.0114269", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Good Morning Baltimore", "text": "you through the city and you even somewhat feel like you are actually there when she is describing it.\" Talkin' broadway described the song as \"lovably cheesy 1960s pop\". Common Sense Media said this \"infectious song...sets the cheery tone\" of the rest of the 2007 film. Similarly, CinemaBlend explains \"The song immediately sets the toe-tapping tone for the rest of the film\". A reprise is performed by Tracy as she is imprisoned for protesting. The lyrics are changed to show Tracy's loneliness and love for Link. Good Morning Baltimore \"Good Morning Baltimore\" is the opening number of the musical \"Hairspray\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18120950", "score": "1.0097272", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Good Evening, Europe!", "text": "addressing the millions of televiewers across Europe. The lyrics have plenty of references to the contest and lyrical parts are direct \"steals\" or copies of Eurovision song titles, and/or lyrics, plus songs performed by famous Eurovision participants like ABBA. \"Good Evening, Europe!\" is composed by Arve Furset, who among other songs also penned Jostein Hasselgård's \"I'm Not Afraid To Move On\" which did a great fourth place in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 in Latvia. Good Evening, Europe! Good Evening, Europe! is a national final song for the Eurovision Song Contest. It was performed by musical theatre singer Birgitte Einarsen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7014739", "score": "1.0083289", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Good Morning, Boys", "text": "Good Morning, Boys Good Morning, Boys is a 1937 British comedy film directed by Marcel Varnel and featuring Will Hay, Graham Moffatt, Martita Hunt, Lilli Palmer and Peter Gawthorne. It was made at the Gainsborough Studios in Islington. The film marked the first appearance of both Peter Gawthorne and Charles Hawtrey in a Will Hay film, both of whom would go onto act as straight men to Hay in his future films. Will Hay plays the roguish headmaster, Dr Twist, of a dubious boarding school for boys. Twist bets on the horses with his pupils and teaches them little. Colonel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6984969", "score": "1.0065727", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Happy Birthday to You", "text": "on Brauneis's research, Good Morning to You Productions, a company producing a documentary about \"Good Morning to All\", sued Warner/Chappell for falsely claiming copyright to the song. In September 2015, a federal judge declared that the Warner/Chappell copyright claim was invalid, ruling that the copyright registration applied only to a specific piano arrangement of the song, and not to its lyrics and melody. In 2016, Warner/Chappell settled for US $14 million, and the court declared that \"Happy Birthday to You\" was in the public domain. The person whose birthday is being celebrated is filled in for \"[NAME]\". The earliest known", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "887930", "score": "1.0058973", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Jane Turzy", "text": "Jane Turzy Jane Turzy was a Chicago, Illinois-born singer of traditional pop music. She succeeded in reaching the popularity charts only in 1951 with three recordings she made for Decca Records. Her biggest hit, \"Good Morning, Mister Echo\", was credited to The Jane Turzy Trio because she overdubbed her voice twice to mimic the sound of a vocal trio, similar to the multitrack vocal effects heard earlier on ground-breaking hits by Patti Page and Mary Ford. Georgia Gibbs and Margaret Whiting issued competing versions, but Turzy's rendition charted the highest. She also had a version of \"Sweet Violets\" (which competed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4468542", "score": "1.0038136", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Good Morning (Kanye West song)", "text": "wore jeans, a sweater with one missing sleeve, shoulder pads and a red windbreaker tied around his waist. Near the end of the tour's North American leg, with singers and a percussionist/DJ behind him, West performed \"Good Morning\" during the final night of Lollapalooza on August 3, 2008 in his hometown of Chicago, where he co-headlined the festival with Nine Inch Nails. Kanye West provided a live rendition of \"Good Morning\" during his headlining performance at Virgin Mobile Festival in Baltimore, Maryland on August 10, 2008. Much like his Lollapalooza appearance in Chicago the weekend prior, West and Nine Inch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12402732", "score": "1.0035561", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Good Morning (Kanye West song)", "text": "Nails were both scheduled as headliners on different stages at the same time at opposite ends of the park. At the start of the concert, following a brief instrumental, West walked onstage and launched into his performance of the song. West was alone on the stage engulfed in smoke and fog in front of a live musical band and background vocalists who added percussive textures and harmony to the track. \"Good Morning\" has been covered and remixed by other hip-hop artists, record producers, and musical groups. Vitamin String Quartet composed a string-laden cover version of \"Good Morning\" for the opening", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12402733", "score": "1.0025499", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "shopping" ]

[ { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "and an additional of retail space. The project broke ground in the fall of 2013 and began opening in stages in the summer of 2015. In March 2014, ground was broken on the mall's north side for the $104 million, 14-story JW Marriott hotel, owned and financed by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community. In 2018, it was announced that MOA had proposed to build an indoor water park, with a cost between $150 to $200 million for the project. The Mall of America has a gross area of or , enough to fit seven Yankee Stadiums inside, with available as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979378", "score": "1.0546005", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mall of America Tycoon", "text": "Mall of America Tycoon Mall of America Tycoon is a business simulation game in which the player must successfully create and run a mall. The mall is based on the real Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota. The player must manage the mall's income, store contracts, and special event days in order to create a successful mall. However, unlike other tycoon computer game, there is a way to win a freeplay game. Created by Activision Value, this program was simply an updated version of Mall Tycoon, though created and published by different corporations. The player starts out with an empty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6991903", "score": "1.0372647", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "Simon, citing fiduciary responsibility. On November 3, 2006, the Ghermezians gained full control of Mall of America by spending US$1 billion. On May 18, 2008, the Mall of America received a tax break for a proposed $2 billion expansion. The bill gave the city of Bloomington the ability to increase taxes on sales, lodging and food and beverages to finance a parking ramp at the mall. On March 24, 2012, the Triple Five Group announced the start of a $200 million expansion that would build into the north parking lot of the mall. The plans called for an additional hotel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979377", "score": "1.034568", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Water Park of America", "text": "of America filed a lawsuit against Water Park of America claiming trademark infringement. The Mall of America claimed the water park's name was too similar to the Mall of America's name and could cause some to associate the two. The Water Park of America filed a counterclaim in the matter accusing the Mall of America of, among other things, knowing about Water Park of America's use of the name since the fall of 2003, encouraging the use of the name, and encouraging the Water Park of America to spend millions of dollars advertising and promoting the name up until March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6799442", "score": "1.024726", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Mall Masters", "text": "located a half mile away in the basement loading docks. Post production was done in Los Angeles. In round 1, Chris read a toss-up survey question based on a poll of 100 shoppers at the Mall of America with three choices. The first to ring in with the most popular answer which was the right answer got a chance to choose from one of four stores inside the Mall of America. If incorrect, the correct answer was revealed and the other two players were asked a question with the third player locked out. If one of those players got that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12616653", "score": "1.0140588", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bloomington, Minnesota", "text": "place for the new megamall, and in 1992, it was opened to the public. Today, tenants of Mall of America, when combined, constitute the largest private-sector employer in Bloomington, employing about 13,000 people. In 1993, the Minnesota North Stars hockey team moved to Dallas, and a year later the Metropolitan Sports Center was demolished. In 2004, an IKEA store opened on the west end of the former Met Center site. The remainder of the property is planned to be the site for Mall of America Phase II. In May 2006 the Water Park of America opened, the ninth largest indoor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1141957", "score": "1.0051007", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "is undergoing a study to increase efficiency and capacities, and to provide a better experience for its users. Estimates for the upgrade are approximately $20 million. The Mall of America's security program is unique and in many ways the first of its kind. Michael Rozin, who used to be employed as the mall's Special Operations Security Captain, developed and implemented a behavior detection unit specifically focused on mitigating the threat of terrorism and enhancing counter-terrorism capabilities. Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) are trained extensively in Israel, each one going through at least 240 hours of training that includes communication techniques, first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979387", "score": "0.9832183", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Triple Five Group", "text": "performing arts center and a miniature golf course were added to the project. As with Fantasyworld in Niagara Falls, local and state governments in Maryland were concerned by the amount of public money that was expected to fund the project. Montgomery County gave up on the American Dream project by the end of 1996, and ultimately the site was used for a smaller commercial development called Downtown Silver Spring. In the early 2000s, Triple Five fought a legal battle over the majority ownership of the Mall of America. TIAA-CREF, who had held a 27.5% equity stake in the property since", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12322024", "score": "0.9810942", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mall Cops: Mall of America", "text": "Mall Cops: Mall of America Mall Cops: Mall of America is an American reality television series that follows the work of the security team at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, the second largest mall in North America. The series was originally just a special one-hour event, however due to the popularity TLC decided to commission a twelve-part series of half an hour length. The special aired on October 15, 2009 with the series debuting on May 27, 2010. It is produced by September Films, the company behind Bridezillas. \"Mall Cops: Mall of America\" documents the events of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14537121", "score": "0.9720683", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "Mall of America (commonly, locally known as \"MOA\" or \"the mall\") is a shopping mall located in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States (a suburb of the Twin Cities). Southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77, north of the Minnesota River and across the Interstate from the Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport. Opened in 1992, it is the second largest mall in terms of leaseable space, the largest mall in the United States in terms of total floor area (including Nickelodeon Universe), and the twelfth largest in the world.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome opened in 1982. A plaque in the mall's amusement park commemorates the former location of home plate, and one seat from Met Stadium was placed in Mall of America at the exact location it occupied in the stadium, commemorating a home run hit by hall-of-famer Harmon Killebrew on June 3, 1967. In 1986, the Bloomington Port Authority signed an agreement with the Ghermezian organization. Groundbreaking for the mall took place on June 14, 1989. Organizations involved include Melvin Simon and Associates, Teachers Insurance and Annuity (a.k.a. TIAA) and the office of architect Jon Jerde. Mall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979374", "score": "0.96907", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mall Cops: Mall of America", "text": "Mall of America safe for shoppers, one weirdo at a time, isn't as exciting as you might think\"\" Mall Cops: Mall of America Mall Cops: Mall of America is an American reality television series that follows the work of the security team at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, the second largest mall in North America. The series was originally just a special one-hour event, however due to the popularity TLC decided to commission a twelve-part series of half an hour length. The special aired on October 15, 2009 with the series debuting on May 27, 2010. It is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14537123", "score": "0.96732485", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "mall employed over 11,000 workers year-round and 13,000 during peak seasons. In 2003, after a protracted six-year legal battle between Simon Property Group, the managing general partner of the property, and the Ghermezian brothers/Triple Five Group, over majority ownership of the site, a federal appeals court ruled in favor of the Ghermezians, effectively transferring control and planning authority of the mall back to the creator of the concept. The dispute stemmed from a 1999 purchase of Teacher's Insurance's 27.5% equity stake by Simon Properties, giving them majority ownership. The Ghermezians claimed they were never told of the deal and sued", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979376", "score": "0.96568847", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Water Park of America", "text": "2006. Water Park of America went on to claim that the reason Mall of America changed its position became clear in a press release, in which the Mall of America announced it was going to build its own water park as part of Phase II. The parties have settled the dispute under confidential terms. Water Park of America Great Wolf Lodge, originally the Water Park of America was home to the tallest indoor water slide in the U.S. It covered with a slide tower nearly ten stories high. It opened in May 2006. Located in Bloomington, Minnesota, it was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6799443", "score": "0.96324205", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mall of America Tycoon", "text": "mall, on which they must develop their mall. Options for building include the normal stores and restaurants, but also other items commonly found in malls, such as benches and small plant life. The mall must be developed in such a way that it is profitable, allowing one to add more items. For example, the player can schedule promotions such as the Day of Discounts to draw more people into the mall. Also, a new attraction at Camp Snoopy, the large amusement park in the center of the mall can help attract more people to the mall. After the player develops", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6991904", "score": "0.9590437", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "retail space. The mall is nearly symmetric, with a roughly rectangular floor plan. More than 530 stores are arranged along three levels of pedestrian walkways on the sides of the rectangle, with a fourth level on the east side. Four anchor department stores are located at the corners. The mall is organized into four different zones, each of those zones had its own decorative style until a series of renovations from 2010 to 2015 led to a unified and more luxurious style, as well as to coincide with the mall's first major expansion. Despite Minnesota's cold winters, only the mall's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979379", "score": "0.9476268", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "L'Enfant Plaza Hotel", "text": "It is set to reopen in 2019 as the Hilton Washington DC National Mall. In 1946, the United States Congress passed the District of Columbia Redevelopment Act, which established the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency and provided for clearance of land and redevelopment funds in the capital. After a decade of discussion, public comment, legal battles, and negotiations with landowners and developers, the Southwest Urban Renewal Plan was approved in November 1956. New York City developer William Zeckendorf proposed a grand mall along 10th Street SW, extending from Independence Avenue SW to end at a traffic circle at G", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12922670", "score": "0.9466047", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "included photographing air-conditioning ducts, or signs that a shopper was hiding something. At the time, some officials within the Bloomington Police Department worried that the mall's security methods may infringe on rights. In 2011, NPR's \"All Things Considered\" and \"Morning Edition\" and PBS's Newshour both aired programs documenting security abuses by the mall's security personnel. On December 31, 2013, members from the First Nations protest movement Idle No More attempted to repeat a successful Native-American round dance held at the mall in 2012, but failed after being stopped by mall security. Organizers of the dance, Patricia Shepard and Reyna Crow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979389", "score": "0.943881", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Triple Five Group", "text": "Germany, and various cities in Japan. The American Dream Mall was first proposed for Silver Spring, Maryland, in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area, in August 1995. A mixed-use development with an area of , Triple Five proposed that only be used for retail space, while also including an NHL-sized ice hockey rink, a large wave pool, an IMAX theater, and a Fantasyland hotel similar to the West Edmonton Mall hotel. With the support of Montgomery County, the plan grew to include \"a multimedia educational facility, sports club, and wellness center\", and at the request of a board of local residents, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12322023", "score": "0.9388333", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Triple Five Group", "text": "credit cards. After the demolition of the Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington, Minnesota in 1985, the Ghermezian brothers approached the Bloomington Port Authority with a proposal for their second mall, which would be larger than West Edmonton Mall was at the time. The project was quickly approved, and ultimately became the Mall of America, which has remained the largest mall in the United States since it opened in 1992. Triple Five announced its plans in 1986 to build its third major project, considering Toronto, Montreal, and Niagara Falls, New York as possible locations. Montreal was dropped from consideration soon after, pitting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12322020", "score": "0.9297327", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Disney's America", "text": "American Legoland park, which was the subject of an ongoing competition between Prince William County and Carlsbad, California. Many local citizens, including the head of the Haymarket Historical Commission, supported the project for economic reasons. Peter Rummell, president of Disney Design & Development, stated the park was designed to be a one-day experience, and the goal was to make history \"real but also make it fun.\" Rummell acknowledged that creating entertainment around historical events such as slavery and the Civil War could be controversial, but he elaborated that \"an intelligent story, properly told, shouldn't offend anybody ... But we won't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4850142", "score": "0.92485803", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Mall of America station", "text": "parking ramp. The station was built in the early 1990s. It has a utilitarian design with basic finishes. Met Council member Steve Elkins said in a council meeting, “It’s just dark and dank, and not really safe or inviting.” The mall is the southern terminus of the METRO Blue Line and is the northern terminus of the METRO Red Line. The Blue Line light rail connects the mall to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport and downtown Minneapolis, while the Red Line connects the mall to Eagan and Apple Valley. The mall is not a park and ride facility. Overnight parking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4831544", "score": "0.92278314", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Mall of the Americas", "text": "no mall access. In October 2015, it was announced that part of the north wing of the mall would be demolished to make room for Costco Wholesale, which is relocating to the mall. As a result, the AMC Theatres closed in December 2015. As of June 1, 2016, the north wing of the mall has been demolished, and a newly constructed Costco building and gas station stand in its place. As of 2018, the mall faces an uncertain future. On August 13, 2009, a 43-year old woman set herself on fire at the mall, leading to its temporary closure. Mall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13534423", "score": "0.9200277", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "L'Enfant Plaza", "text": "preliminary plans offered by Zeckendorf. Additionally, National Park Service (NPS_ officials agreed to allow a portion of Independence Avenue SW (between the Lincoln Memorial and the Tidal Basin) and Ohio Drive SW to be used for a portion of the proposed Inner Loop Freeway—both long-sought objectives of the NCPC. The NCPC subsequently approved nearly all of Zeckendorf's proposal for Project C, including the 10th Street mall. The proposal for a \"cultural mall\" along 10th Street SW became complicated again in mid-1955. On July 1, President Dwight Eisenhower signed into law legislation creating a District of Columbia Auditorium Commission, whose charge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3779536", "score": "0.91946006", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The American Mall", "text": "The American Mall The American Mall is a 2008 MTV musical film that debuted on August 11, 2008. The movie was received with very low ratings, averaging 436,000 viewers. Produced by the same team behind Disney's \"High School Musical\" film series, \"The American Mall\" is conceptually very similar, as it focuses on several teenage characters and their daily struggles, with comic elements and musical numbers. The central plot thread of the film is that the two main characters, Ally and Joey, are musically talented but face many personal obstacles to attaining success. The teenage characters are all mall employees -", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12275860", "score": "0.91897154", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "the Mall of America. The Theatres at Mall of America (Initially run by General Cinemas, bought out then rebranded by AMC Theatres, and eventually operated by mall management) occupied the south side of the fourth floor through December 2016, when it closed permanently. It was replaced by Cinemex subsidiary CMX Cinemas in fall 2017. Nickelodeon Universe is an indoor theme park in the center of the mall. The park features roller coasters, among numerous other rides and attractions, and is the largest indoor theme park in the United States. Unlike many indoor amusement parks, Nickelodeon Universe has a great deal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979383", "score": "0.9188267", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Mall of America", "text": "# 1, Rick Bronson's House of Comedy, GameWorks, Dick's Last Resort, CMX Cinemas, and the first U.S. location of SMAAASH, a virtual reality sports entertainment center. During its run as an all-encompassing entertainment and retail venue, certain aspects, particularly its bars, have come under scrutiny. In early-2000 a Mardi Gras-themed bar, Fat Tuesday, shut its doors due to indecent exposure and alcohol-related offenses. On November 29, 2011, Google announced indoor maps for Mall of America along with several other places like airports, parks and public spaces. On January 3, 2012, Macy's Inc. announced it would close its Bloomingdale's location at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "979382", "score": "0.9183858", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome", "text": "ending February 28, 2012. The name was still used for the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Despite possible inference from the signage, the MoA name applied only to the field, not the stadium as a whole. The building remained Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome. The connection between Mall of America and the Metrodome is also notable because Mall of America is built on the site of the former Metropolitan Stadium. From the tops of the outfield fences upwards, the baseball foul poles in the Metrodome were unique, in that they were not \"poles\" at all. Instead, they consisted of a fabric-like material.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1792388", "score": "0.91837037", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Great Mall of the Bay Area", "text": "September 22, 1994, was developed as a joint venture between Ford Motor Land Development Corporation of Dearborn, Michigan and Petrie Dierman Kughn of McLean, Virginia. In 2016, it was announced that the mall would be undergoing renovation in the spring. The Great Mall of the Bay Area sits at the intersection of Great Mall Parkway (which becomes Capitol Avenue when it crosses Montague Expressway) and Montague Expressway. The Parc Metropolitan apartments lie to the north of the mall. A few inns are also located at the south entrance of the mall. Great Mall, unlike many other malls (but like most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4689252", "score": "0.91652155", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Washington, D.C.", "text": "the United States Capitol. Given its prominence, the mall is often the location of political protests, concerts, festivals, and presidential inaugurations. The Washington Monument and the Jefferson Pier are near the center of the mall, south of the White House. Also on the mall are the National World War II Memorial at the east end of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool, the Korean War Veterans Memorial, and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Directly south of the mall, the Tidal Basin features rows of Japanese cherry blossom trees that originated as gifts from the nation of Japan. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1031974", "score": "0.9152499", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

[ "The Yankees", "Houston Astros" ]

[ { "title": "Rick Porcello", "text": "in 2016, leading the AL in wins and winning the AL Cy Young Award and AL Comeback Player of the Year Award. He won the 2018 World Series with the Boston Red Sox, starting the third game of the series. Porcello graduated from Seton Hall Preparatory School in West Orange, New Jersey in 2007. In his senior season, he compiled a 10–0 record with 103 strikeouts and a 1.44 ERA in 63 innings pitched. He threw a perfect game on May 12, 2007 against Newark Academy. Although Porcello signed a letter of intent to attend the University of North Carolina,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10374968", "score": "1.016798", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Andrew Miller (baseball)", "text": "2016, Miller earned the American League (AL) Championship Series Most Valuable Player (ALCS MVP) honors, while setting a number of postseason strikeout records for relievers and covering multiple relief roles and innings. He is also a two-time MLB All-Star selection, and a winner of the AL Reliever of the Year Award. In 2017, he earned his first major championship in the World Baseball Classic as a member of the United States national team. His collegiate baseball awards include the \"Baseball America\" College Player of the Year and Roger Clemens Awards. A native of Gainesville, Florida, Miller attended the University of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8653328", "score": "0.98026997", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2017 Cleveland Indians season", "text": "over his previous 22 games. The Indians went 15-12 in June, to improve to 42-36 on the season. Kluber was selected as the AL Pitcher of the Month for June after posting a 4–0 record, 43 IP, 1.26 ERA, 64 SO, 0.67 WHIP and 13.4 K/9 in six starts. It was the third time in his career he had won the award. On July 2, OF Michael Brantley, SP Corey Kluber, SS Francisco Lindor, RP Andrew Miller, and 3B José Ramírez were all named to the American League team for MLB All-Star Game, played at Marlins Park in Miami. Ramírez", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765626", "score": "0.97363305", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Dave Dombrowski", "text": "Red Sox, Boston won 93 regular-season games and the American League East Division title, but the Red Sox were swept in the 2016 American League Division Series by the eventual league champion Cleveland Indians. In mid-October, Hazen resigned from the Red Sox to take an expanded role as executive vice president and general manager of the Arizona Diamondbacks. Dombrowski chose not to appoint a successor, assuming general manager responsibilities without the added title, and promoting other Red Sox executives to key supporting positions, including former MLB general managers Frank Wren and Allard Baird. Following Boston's victory in the 2018 World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5697324", "score": "0.9667945", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2018 American League Championship Series", "text": "the American League, their prior AL appearance being a 2017 ALCS win over the New York Yankees in seven games. Houston also appeared in four NLCS, winning once and losing thrice, before joining the American League in 2013. The Red Sox won the American League East division with a record of 108–54, then defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Division Series, 3–1. This was Boston's 11th ALCS. They had a prior record of 5–5, most recently winning in 2013 and most recently losing in 2008. The 2018 ALCS was just the 12th postseason match-up to feature two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20768492", "score": "0.96063393", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tampa Bay Rays minor league players", "text": "He continued pitching in the Indians organization through 2018. After the 2018 season, Cleveland traded Sulser to the Tampa Bay Rays in a three-team trade in which the Rays also acquired Yandy Diaz for Jake Bauers, and the Seattle Mariners acquired Edwin Encarnacion from the Indians for Carlos Santana. Curtis W. Taylor (born July 25, 1995) is a Canadian professional baseball pitcher in the Tampa Bay Rays organization. Taylor attended University of British Columbia. He was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the fourth round of the 2016 Major League Baseball Draft. Taylor made his professional debut with the Hillsboro", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571241", "score": "0.9528599", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "A. J. Puk", "text": "2018 season. A. J. Puk Andrew Jacob \"A. J.\" Puk (born April 25, 1995) is an American baseball pitcher in the Oakland Athletics organization of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played college baseball for the Florida Gators. Puk attended Washington High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He was a first baseman and pitcher in baseball and also played football as a quarterback. He was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the 35th round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft, but did not sign and attended the University of Florida to play college baseball. As a freshman at Florida,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18855825", "score": "0.9528134", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Mike Hazen", "text": "by the Red Sox' president of baseball operations, Dave Dombrowski. Although Dombrowski assumed final authority for baseball decisions, Hazen served as a top aide and had input in the club's decision-making. During his one full season in the post, Boston won the 2016 American League East Division championship, but fell in the ALDS to the eventual league champions, the Indians. On October 16, 2016, Hazen agreed to become the executive vice president and general manager of the Arizona Diamondbacks, where he serves as the team's top baseball operations executive. Mike Hazen Michael Norman Hazen (born January 7, 1976) is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19049936", "score": "0.9507561", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Michael Brady (baseball)", "text": "the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs, going back and forth between there and the Double-A Harrisburg Senators. He elected free agency after the season. Brady signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics for 2017 that included an invitation to Spring Training. He was assigned to the Triple-A Nashville Sounds where he had a 3–1 record with 42 strikeouts and a 3.67 ERA through June 11. He was called up by the Oakland Athletics on June 17 to work as a long-reliever out of the bullpen. He made his major league debut on June 20 pitching one inning of relief against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20210841", "score": "0.94582856", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2017 American League Championship Series", "text": "The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of the Boston Red Sox", "text": "the way along with great pitching from Jon Lester, John Lackey and Jake Peavy. The 2018 season was the 118th season in the team's history, and their 107th season at Fenway Park. Under first year manager Alex Cora, the team finished with a 108–54 regular season record, winning the American League East division title for the third consecutive season, and finished eight games ahead of the second-place New York Yankees. The Red Sox were the first MLB team to post 100 wins during the season, reaching that milestone for the first time since 1946; they were also the first team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7605004", "score": "0.93967694", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Vladimir Guerrero Jr.", "text": "of the Dominican Winter League. Entering the 2018 season, Guerrero was considered the top prospect in the Blue Jays organization by MLB and \"Baseball America\". On March 23, Blue Jays team president Mark Shapiro announced that Guerrero would begin the season with the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats. Through the first month of the season, he led the Eastern League with a .398 batting average and 30 runs batted in. On June 4, Guerrero was named the Eastern League's Player of the Month after hitting .438 with nine home runs and 28 RBI in May. On June 6, Guerrero was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18935379", "score": "0.9371003", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Boston Red Sox minor league players", "text": "at the University of Maryland. He played in the 2017 Perfect Game All American Classic, where he received a lot of exposure with draft scouts. He was drafted by Boston in the second round (64th pick overall) of the 2018 MLB Draft. Rather than attending Maryland, he chose to sign with the Red Sox for a $1.25 million signing bonus. Decker played briefly with the Gulf Coast League Red Sox during the 2018 season, appearing in two games and going 1-for-4 (.250) at the plate. Anyelo Gómez (born March 1, 1993) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the Boston", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571160", "score": "0.93657184", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2018 American League Division Series", "text": "run. Gary Sánchez worked a full count before hitting a sacrifice fly that scored Gregorius from third. Gleyber Torres then grounded out, ending the game; the call was confirmed by video replay. Boston starter Rick Porcello allowed one run off of four hits in five innings for the win. New York starter CC Sabathia allowed three runs off of five hits in three innings, taking the loss. 2018 ALDS (3–1): Boston Red Sox defeated New York Yankees. This was the first postseason meeting between the Astros and Indians. Former Astros pitcher Mike Scott, the 1986 NLCS MVP and Cy Young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20768481", "score": "0.93607736", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "John Schneider (baseball)", "text": "promoted to manage the New Hampshire Fisher Cats, and led the team to an Eastern League championship. At the end of the season, he was named the Eastern League Manager of the Year. The Blue Jays promoted Schneider to their major league coaching staff before the 2019 season. Schneider's brother, Kevin, is the head coach at Immaculata University. John Schneider (baseball) John P. Schneider (born February 14, 1980) is an American professional baseball coach for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). Prior to coaching, Schneider played six seasons as a catcher in the Blue Jays minor league", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20986308", "score": "0.9293801", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Boston Red Sox", "text": "East title in what was called \"Morgan Magic\". But the magic was short-lived, as the team was swept by the Oakland Athletics in the ALCS. The Most Valuable Player of that Series was former Red Sox pitcher and Baseball Hall of Fame player Dennis Eckersley, who saved all four wins for Oakland. Two years later, in 1990, the Red Sox again won the division and face the Athletics in the ALCS. However, the outcome was the same, with the A's sweeping the ALCS in four straight. In 1990, Yankees fans started to chant \"1918!\" to taunt the Red Sox. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "40521", "score": "0.92750645", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Stephen Tarpley", "text": "2018 American League Division Series against the Red Sox. Stephen Tarpley Stephen Nicholas Tarpley (born February 17, 1993) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). Tarpley attended Gilbert High School in Gilbert, Arizona. The Cleveland Indians selected him in the eighth round of the 2011 Major League Baseball draft. He did not sign with the Indians and enrolled at the University of Southern California (USC) to play college baseball for the Trojans. After one year at USC, he transferred to Scottsdale Community College. The Baltimore Orioles selected Tarpley in the third", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18554188", "score": "0.9273405", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Chase Shugart", "text": "the Gulf Coast League Red Sox, where he made three appearances with a 1.80 ERA in five innings of work. In late August, he was assigned to the Class A Short Season Lowell Spinners. Chase Shugart Chase C. Shugart (born October 24, 1996) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Boston Red Sox organization of Major League Baseball (MLB). Listed at and , Shugart both throws and bats right-handed. Shugart attended Bridge City High School in Bridge City, Texas, where he played football and baseball. As a junior in 2014 he compiled a 10–1 record and a 1.64 ERA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20716918", "score": "0.92409056", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2018 American League Championship Series", "text": "homered into the Crawford Boxes, putting Boston ahead, 4–0. Houston reliever Roberto Osuna entered to pitch the top of the seventh, replacing Verlander who had allowed four runs on seven hits in six innings pitched, while striking out four and walking two. Boston's Matt Barnes entered to pitch the bottom of the seventh, replacing Price who had allowed no runs on three hits in six innings pitched, while striking out nine and walking none. Marwin González hit a two-out homer to left, reducing Boston's lead to 4–1. Boston's starter from Game 3, Nathan Eovaldi, came on in relief of Barnes,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20768508", "score": "0.92085505", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Terry Francona", "text": "the Tampa Bay Rays in the American League Wild Card Game. On November 12, 2013, Terry Francona was named as the American League Manager of the Year. Francona agreed to a two-year extension on November 4, 2014. He led the team to a 177-147 record in his first two seasons as Indians manager. Francona managed the Indians to the American League Central Division title in 2016. His team swept his former club, the Boston Red Sox, in three games in the divisional series—clinching a berth in the ALCS with a win at Fenway Park on October 10, 2016. On October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3983482", "score": "0.92047286", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Austin Romine", "text": "ninth inning in a 16–1 loss to the Boston Red Sox in Game 3 of the 2018 American League Division Series, becoming only the second position player to ever pitch in the postseason, the first since Toronto Blue Jays infielder Cliff Pennington in the 2015 American League Championship Series against the Kansas City Royals. Romine gave up one home run to Brock Holt, allowing Holt to become the first player to hit for the cycle in an MLB postseason game. Romine's father, Kevin, played in the majors for the Boston Red Sox from to . His brother, Andrew, plays for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13334756", "score": "0.92039824", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2017 Cleveland Indians season", "text": "straight wins to end the month. Kluber won his second AL Pitcher of the Month Award of the season for August, totaling a 5−1 record and 1.96 ERA. On September 3, José Ramírez tied a major league record with five extra-base hits, which included three doubles and two home runs. Ramírez was named AL Player of the Week on September 5. Corey Kluber pitched his third shutout of the season with 12 strikeouts on September 12, against the Detroit Tigers, giving the Indians their 20th consecutive win, matching the 2002 Oakland Athletics for the American League record. Kluber scattered five", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19765630", "score": "0.91987026", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2018 Boston Red Sox season", "text": "Boston won the closing game of the series, 11–6, with homers from Brock Holt, Jackie Bradley Jr., and Mookie Betts. The win gave the Red Sox the American League East division title, for the third consecutive season. September 21–September 23, at Cleveland Indians Sam Travis and Tzu-Wei Lin hit their first major league home runs for Boston in a 7–5 victory in the opener, a game that saw Matt Barnes pick up his sixth win of the season after starter Chris Sale pitched innings, giving up two earned runs and striking out seven. Cleveland won the second game of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20376775", "score": "0.91956437", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Boston Red Sox", "text": "Award, Mookie Betts. Rookie Andrew Benintendi established himself in the Red Sox' outfield, and Steven Wright emerged as one of the year's biggest surprises. The Red Sox grabbed the lead in the AL East early and held on to it throughout the year, which included many teams honoring Ortiz throughout the season. Despite the success, the team lost five of their last six games of the regular season and were swept in the ALDS by the eventual American League Champion Cleveland Indians. The Red Sox once again finished with a record of 93–69 in 2017, and repeated as division champions.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "40557", "score": "0.91927993", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "2018 Boston Red Sox season", "text": "2018 Boston Red Sox season The 2018 Boston Red Sox season was the 118th season in the team's history, and their 107th season at Fenway Park. Under first year manager Alex Cora, the team finished with a 108–54 record, winning the American League East division title for the third consecutive season, and finished eight games ahead of the second-place New York Yankees. The Red Sox were the first MLB team to post 100 wins during the 2018 season, reaching that milestone for the first time since 1946; they were also the first team to clinch a berth in the 2018", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20376688", "score": "0.9191765", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "America East Conference baseball awards", "text": "Rookie of the Year award is given annually to the best freshman in the America East, as chosen by a vote of the conference's coaches at the end of the regular season. The award was added in 1996. In 2014, Stony Brook closer Cameron Stone won the award. In the regular season, he had a 1.48 ERA and eight saves. He was the fifth consecutive Seawolf to win the award. Two of the award's recipients– Delaware's Kevin Mench and Binghamton's Scott Diamond– later appeared in Major League Baseball. The following is a table of the award's winners in each season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18130398", "score": "0.91768813", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "2018 American League Championship Series", "text": "getting the final out of the seventh and holding Houston scoreless in the eighth. Osuna pitched through the ninth for Houston, allowing only one hit during his three innings. Red Sox closer Craig Kimbrel entered to pitch the bottom of the ninth. Carlos Correa struck out, Yuli Gurriel walked, González struck out, and Tony Kemp flied out to end the game and send the Red Sox to the World Series. Kimbrel recorded his fifth save this postseason, while for Price, it was his first victory in 12 career postseason starts; his only previous postseason wins came as a reliever. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20768509", "score": "0.91521525", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Mike Fiers", "text": "Oakland Athletics for two players to be named later or cash considerations. Minor league pitcher Nolan Blackwood was later identified as one of the players. On August 14, Fiers earned his first win with the A's, surrendering two runs and striking out five over six innings against the Seattle Mariners. On September 19, 2018, minor league pitcher Logan Shore was traded to the Tigers to complete the trade for Fiers. On November 30, 2018, the Athletics non-tendered Fiers and he became a free agent. Fiers throws four pitches. He leads with a four-seam fastball at . He also has a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15906169", "score": "0.91379344", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "2018 American League Division Series", "text": "York got a run back in the bottom of the fifth, on two hits followed by a sacrifice fly from Brett Gardner. Boston's Game 1 starting pitcher, Chris Sale, made a relief appearance in the bottom of the eighth, retiring the side in order. Red Sox closer Craig Kimbrel entered to pitch the bottom of the ninth inning, allowing a leadoff walk to Aaron Judge followed by a single by Didi Gregorius, bringing the tying run to the plate. Kimbrel struck out Giancarlo Stanton, but walked Luke Voit to load the bases, and hit Neil Walker to force in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20768480", "score": "0.91370857", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Chris Sale", "text": "After going 11–4 with a 2.75 ERA and an MLB leading 178 strikeouts in the first half of 2017, Sale was named the American League's starting pitcher at the All-Star Game for the second consecutive season, the first pitcher to do so since Randy Johnson started for the National League in 2000 and 2001 and the first for the AL since Dave Stieb in 1983–84. Sale pitched two scoreless innings in the game, striking out two batters. In his second start after the All-Star break, Sale joined Johnson, Martínez and Nolan Ryan as the only four pitchers to have struck", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14792070", "score": "0.9115982", "original_retrieval_index": 41 } ]

[ "(2006–07)", "2006–07" ]

[ { "title": "Travis Moen", "text": "Cup Final against the Ottawa Senators. He was also credited with the Cup-winning goal in Game 5 to win his first Stanley Cup. The goal was actually an own goal by the Senators' Chris Phillips. However, since Moen was the last Duck to touch the puck, he was credited with the goal. Moen was traded to the San Jose Sharks on March 4, 2009, along with Kent Huskins in exchange for Nick Bonino, Timo Pielmeier and a fourth-round draft pick in 2011. On July 10, 2009, Moen signed a three-year contract worth $1.5 million per season as a free agent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6731811", "score": "1.2238154", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2007 Stanley Cup Finals", "text": "Stanley Cup, and the first time an NHL team from the west coast had done so. The Ducks are the fourth west coast team to win the Cup, and the first from California. Senators captain Daniel Alfredsson, from Sweden, was the first European-born-and-raised captain to lead his team to the final. Previously, only Canadians or an American had captained teams in the final. The Ducks were captained by a Canadian (Scott Niedermayer) and had more Canadian players than the Senators. The 2007 final marked the third straight in which a Canadian franchise lost against a franchise based in the southern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10047029", "score": "1.2234936", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Andrew Cogliano", "text": "Oilers' rebuilding process, Cogliano was traded to the Anaheim Ducks on July 12, 2011, in exchange for a second-round draft pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. In his second year with Anaheim, and his sixth season overall in the NHL, Cogliano made his debut in the Stanley Cup playoffs, where the Ducks, as the second seed in the Western Conference, were eliminated in the first round by the seventh-seeded Detroit Red Wings in seven games. During the 2013–14 season, Cogliano played his 500th consecutive game in a home game against the San Jose Sharks on New Year's Eve. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6887169", "score": "1.2113788", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of the Anaheim Ducks", "text": "Nicklas Lidstrom. In overtime, Andy McDonald caused a turnover in front of the Detroit net, where Selanne quickly scored the game winner over Dominik Hasek. In Game 6, the Ducks held on to win 4–3 to earn their second Western Conference championship. The 2007 Stanley Cup Final pitted the Ducks against the Ottawa Senators. Ottawa was making their first appearance in the Finals. The Ducks fell behind 2–1 in Game 1 at home, but in the third period, Ryan Getzlaf tied the game and with few minutes remaining, Rob Niedermayer fed Travis Moen in the slot for the game winner.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13329753", "score": "1.2023431", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Todd Marchant", "text": "and played a vital role in killing penalties. Marchant went on to win his first Stanley Cup when the Ducks defeated the Ottawa Senators in the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals. He is also an assistant coach for the Anaheim Jr. Ducks Mite A club. The Ducks were eliminated in the first round of the 2008 Stanley Cup Playoffs by the Dallas Stars, a series in which Marchant scored twice. He contributed 5 goals during the 2008-09 NHL Season as the Ducks entered the playoffs as the last seed and upset the first seed San Jose Sharks. Marchant scored the game-winning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5172824", "score": "1.2007641", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Paul Kariya", "text": "had also played part of the post-season with a separated shoulder. Game 7 of the Finals marked Kariya's last game as a Mighty Duck. After nine seasons, he left Anaheim as the team's all-time leader in games played (606), goals (300), assists (369), points (669), short handed goals (16) and shots (2,455). His seven seasons as team captain also set a Ducks record. After Selänne returned to the Ducks in 2005, Kariya's marks in games played, goals, assists and points were all broken. Following the Mighty Ducks' Stanley Cup run, Kariya became an unrestricted free agent in the off-season. With", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1825301", "score": "1.1987082", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Anaheim Ducks", "text": "games and the Canucks in the semi-finals, also in five games. Once again, the Ducks faced the Detroit Red Wings in the franchise's third trip to the Western Conference Finals. In Game 3, Chris Pronger elbowed Tomas Holmstrom and subsequently received a one-game suspension for the illegal check. However, the Ducks won Game 4 without Pronger and Game 5 in Detroit, with Teemu Selanne scoring the latter game's overtime winner. The Ducks then finished off the Red Wings in Game 6 to advance to their second-ever Stanley Cup Final appearance. In the Finals, the Ducks won the first two games", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "814636", "score": "1.1950898", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Dustin Penner", "text": "for most points (surpassed by Bobby Ryan in 2008–09). During the Ducks' 2007 Stanley Cup run, Penner scored the game-winner in Game 1 of the Western Conference Quarter-finals against the Minnesota Wild and Game 4 of the Stanley Cup Finals against the Ottawa Senators. In Game 5, Penner and the Ducks defeated the Senators 6–2 to win the Stanley Cup. Penner became the first former Maine Black Bear to win the Stanley Cup as a player. After winning the Stanley Cup with the Ducks, Penner's entry-level deal expired and he became a restricted free agent in the off-season. With the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7095173", "score": "1.1917491", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ruslan Salei", "text": "season, which saw the Ducks go all the way to the Stanley Cup finals, only to lose in seven games to the New Jersey Devils. Salei scored the overtime game-winning goal in Game 3 of that series. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Salei played in the Russian Superleague (RSL) for AK Bars Kazan. He returned to the Ducks upon resumption of the NHL the following season and played with the Ducks until the end of the 2005–06 season, playing 594 regular season games in his career for Anaheim, the franchise record for a defenseman. On July 2, 2006, Salei signed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6022552", "score": "1.1869224", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Anaheim Ducks", "text": "The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks. Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli, who along with General Manager Brian Burke, changed the name of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006–07 season. The Ducks have made the playoffs 13 times (and 10 times in the past 12 seasons) and won six Pacific Division titles (2006–07, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, and 2016–17), two Western Conference championships (2002–03 and 2006–07) and one Stanley Cup (2006–07).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Brad May", "text": "the Anaheim Ducks for goaltender Michael Wall. The Ducks went on to win the Stanley Cup that year, and May had his name engraved on the Cup for the first time in his career. On July 4, 2007, May re-signed as a free agent with Anaheim for a further two years. In the 2007–08 season, May played his 900th career NHL game on November 16, 2007 and scoring his 125th career goal as the Ducks beat the Los Angeles Kings 6-3. May was selected during the year to ride on Anaheim city's float at the 2008 Rose Bowl Parade to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5263257", "score": "1.1846275", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Randy Carlyle", "text": "the Minnesota Wild, Vancouver Canucks and Detroit Red Wings, earning a spot in the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals. In the final round against the Ottawa Senators, the Ducks would defeat Ottawa in five games to win their first Stanley Cup in team history. The Ducks had another successful season in 2007–08, going 47–27–8 to clinch a playoff spot. In the post-season, the Ducks were upset by the Dallas Stars in the first round. Carlyle reached a milestone on February 8, 2008, as he won his 121st game with the Ducks, setting the franchise record for wins by a head coach.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5690844", "score": "1.1812727", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2006–07 Anaheim Ducks season", "text": "Ducks nonetheless earned the second seed as winners of the Pacific Division. The Ducks defeated the Minnesota Wild in the first round, four games to one. In the second round, the Ducks defeated the Vancouver Canucks by the same four games to one result. In the Conference Final, the Ducks defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to two to advance to the Stanley Cup Final for the second time in franchise history. In the Final, the Ducks defeated the Ottawa Senators four games to one to claim the franchise's first Stanley Cup championship. On November 9, 2006, the Anaheim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9293489", "score": "1.1812023", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Anaheim Ducks", "text": "Murray. The Mighty Ducks finished in 13th place in the Western Conference. The Mighty Ducks did not reach the post-season again until the 2002–03 season with head coach Mike Babcock. They entered the playoffs in seventh place with a 40–27–9–6 record, good enough for 95 points. In the first round, the Ducks were once again matched up with the Detroit Red Wings, the defending Stanley Cup champions. They shocked the hockey world by sweeping the Red Wings in four games. Steve Rucchin scored the series-winning goal in overtime in Game 4. In the second round, the Ducks faced the Dallas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "814623", "score": "1.180152", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "History of the Anaheim Ducks", "text": "games in a row in November against Canadian Western Conference teams, and their first shut out in team history on December 15, 1993, a 1–0 win against the Toronto Maple Leafs. Led by captain Troy Loney, the Ducks entered February 1994 in eighth place in the Western Conference. However, any realistic chance the Ducks had of making the Stanley Cup playoffs ended with a 6–0 loss to the San Jose Sharks on April 1. The Ducks' finished the season 33–46–5, a record-breaking number of wins for an expansion team, which the Florida Panthers also achieved. The Ducks sold out 27", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13329721", "score": "1.1763328", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Paul Kariya", "text": "Mike Bossy (1983 and 1984) and Wayne Gretzky (1991 and 1992). He was also named to the NHL First All-Star Team once more, an honour he shared with Selänne. His efforts helped the Ducks achieve a winning record (36 wins, 33 losses and 13 ties) and reach the playoffs for the first time in team history. Trailing three-games-to-two against the Phoenix Coyotes in the opening round of the 1997 playoffs, the Ducks faced elimination in Game 6 of the series. Kariya scored two goals in the contest, including the overtime-winner, leading the Ducks to a 3–2 win. In the ensuing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1825275", "score": "1.1762719", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Sheldon Souray", "text": "of seven goals and ten assists in 44 games as the Ducks qualified for the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs. For Souray, this was the first time since 2005–06 that he was part of the Stanley Cup playoffs. His final point of the regular season, an assist in a 3–2 overtime loss to the Columbus Blue Jackets on April 17, 2013, was also a personal milestone for Souray, his 300th career NHL point. As of January 2014, Souray is on the injured reserve list with a shoulder/wrist injury. He appeared on their roster until he announced his retirement on June 30,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2509984", "score": "1.1757002", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of the Anaheim Ducks", "text": "lead after Game 5. Entering the 2013–14 season, it was announced Teemu Selanne would be playing in his final NHL season. The Ducks made arguably the biggest move of the off-season when they traded star forward Bobby Ryan to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for forwards Jakob Silfverberg, Stefan Noesen and Ottawa's first-round pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. The 2013–14 season marked the 20th anniversary of the franchise, and as such, all Ducks jerseys were embroidered with a commemorative patch. The 2013–14 season also marked the first time since the 1997–98 season that all NHL teams would play", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13329783", "score": "1.1756711", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Mathieu Schneider", "text": "another Stanley Cup, arriving in Anaheim the same year that Detroit won the 2008 Stanley Cup championship and a year after the Ducks' 2007 Stanley Cup victory. Schneider did not debut with the Ducks until a couple months into the season, as he sustained a broken ankle in a pre-season game against the Los Angeles Kings. In his only season with the Ducks, he tallied 39 points in 65 games, second among Ducks' defensemen. As the 2008–09 season approached, the Ducks looked to free up cap space in order to re-sign Teemu Selänne. With All-Star defensemen Chris Pronger and Scott", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4973419", "score": "1.1696675", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Teemu Selänne", "text": "All-Star Game in 2007, and scored his first hat-trick in six years (the 19th of his career) on January 12, 2007. It was the same day he spoke with a friend in Finland with terminal cancer and whom asked to be sent the game puck if Selänne had a three-goal game. Finally, he scored his 301st goal as a Duck on February 18, 2007, to break Paul Kariya's franchise record. Early in the 2007 playoffs, Selänne became Anaheim's all-time leading playoff scorer when he recorded his 30th point as a Duck with an assist on April 13 against the Minnesota", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1918397", "score": "1.1686985", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2009 Stanley Cup playoffs", "text": "Western Conference Final, and eighth since 1995, after eliminating the Anaheim Ducks in seven games. This Conference Semifinal match up featured the last two winners of the Stanley Cup, with Anaheim and Detroit winning the Cup in 2007 and 2008 respectively. This also marked the fifth series the two teams faced each other in since their first encounter in 1997. Both teams had won two series' each with the Wings winning in 1997 and 1999, and the Ducks winning in 2003 and 2007. In game one, Nicklas Lidstrom scored two goals, including the game-winner with about 49 seconds left in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12910849", "score": "1.1680484", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2013–14 Anaheim Ducks season", "text": "Selanne's final season, following 23 NHL seasons and 15 in which he played for Anaheim. The Anaheim Ducks entered the playoffs as the Pacific Division's first seed. They defeated the Dallas Stars in the first round, winning the best-of-seven series four games to two. The series included a Game 6 comeback wherein the Ducks scored a game-tying goal with 24 seconds remaining and then won the game in overtime. The Ducks faced their crosstown rival Los Angeles Kings in the second round. The Ducks would fall behind 2–0 to begin the series, tie the series 2–2 and take their first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17334373", "score": "1.1677473", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Anaheim Ducks", "text": "the goaltending of John Gibson. On March 6, 2016, the Ducks set a franchise record with an 11-game winning streak which ended the following night. On March 24, 2016, the Ducks clinched a playoff spot in a 6–5 overtime loss to the Maple Leafs. However, in the first round of the playoffs, they fell in seven games to the Nashville Predators, which led to the firing of head coach Bruce Boudreau. On June 14, 2016, the Ducks announced they re-hired former head coach Randy Carlyle. On May 10, 2017, the Ducks ended their Game 7 losing streak when they defeated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "814656", "score": "1.1654525", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Teemu Selänne", "text": "15 points in 21 games, and after 14 NHL seasons, the 36-year-old Selänne raised the Stanley Cup with his teammates after defeating the Ottawa Senators in five games. Following the Cup win, Selänne contemplated retirement. He remained undecided on a return—and as a free agent, out of the Ducks lineup to begin the 2007–08 season—until he finally chose to return and signed a one-year contract with Anaheim on January 28, 2008. He made his return on February 5 against the New York Islanders, and the Ducks posted the League's best record from that point to the end of the regular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1918399", "score": "1.1619115", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "National Hockey League rivalries", "text": "Semifinals in 1997, where the Red Wings went on to win the Cup, and the Western Quarterfinals in 1999), and the Ducks afterwards beat the Red Wings en route to two Stanley Cup Finals: the Western Quarterfinals in 2003 and the 2007 Western Finals, where the Ducks later won the Stanley Cup. The next time both teams faced each other was a violent seven game series in the 2009 Western Semifinals, won by the Red Wings. In the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs the teams had their last non-finals playoff encounter where the second-seeded Ducks were defeated by the Red Wings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5700632", "score": "1.1606019", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Anaheim Ducks", "text": "the Edmonton Oilers, winning the series 4–3 and advancing to the Western Conference finals for the second time in three seasons. They would fall to the Nashville Predators in Game 6, ending their playoff run. In the following season, the Ducks failed to win the Pacific Division for the first time since the 2011–12 season. They clinched the playoffs, but were swept by the San Jose Sharks in the First Round. Founded in 1993, the then-called Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were directly named for \"The Mighty Ducks\" movies. When The Walt Disney Company, which produced the movies and owned the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "814657", "score": "1.1570011", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Anaheim Ducks", "text": "Trophy and Hart Memorial Trophy. He became the first-ever Duck to win the Hart, as well as the first Richard winner as a Duck since Teemu Selanne won the award in 1999. However, Hiller was injured at the All-Star Game and missed the rest of the season. Even though the Ducks had a great season led by Perry, Hiller, Selanne, Visnovsky and Getzlaf, they would end up losing in the first round of the 2011 playoffs to the fifth-seeded Nashville Predators. Before the 2011–12 season began, the team mourned the loss of former Mighty Duck Ruslan Salei, who died in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "814645", "score": "1.1555812", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jean-Sébastien Giguère", "text": "of the way. During the second round against Vancouver, his eight-game overtime winning streak in the playoffs was snapped on April 27, 2007, in a 2–1 defeat in Game 2. Nevertheless, Giguère and the Ducks went on to eliminate the Canucks en route to the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals, where they won their first-ever Stanley Cup championship in a 6–2 Game 5 win over the Ottawa Senators on June 6. On June 21, 2007, the Ducks announced that they had re-signed Giguère to a multi-year contract. Giguère posted a 35–17–6 record with a career-best 2.12 GAA in the 2007–08 season.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3461813", "score": "1.1547711", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of the Anaheim Ducks", "text": "series. However, Ryan played only 23 games with the big club during the season, primarily playing in the AHL. On October 10, against the Boston Bruins, the Ducks raised their Pacific Division, Western Conference and Stanley Cup championship banners. However, it was a rough start overall for the Ducks, as they made minor trades to try and stay alive in the West. Burke said he would eventually let goaltender Ilya Bryzgalov go because he felt he deserved to have a starting position in the NHL. Burke ultimately made good on his promise and placed Bryzgalov on waivers, where he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13329758", "score": "1.1547257", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Anaheim Ducks", "text": "Ducks had won a playoff series. In the Western Conference semi-finals, the Ducks faced their geographic rival and eventual Stanley Cup champion Los Angeles Kings for the first time ever in the playoffs. In a hotly contested series, the Ducks ultimately went down in seven games to their Southern Californian rivals, losing Game 7 by a score of 6–2 at the Honda Center. On June 27, 2014, the Ducks acquired center Ryan Kesler and a third-round pick in 2015 from the Vancouver Canucks. In the following season, they would win their third-straight Pacific Division title and finish as the top", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "814653", "score": "1.1542002", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "FY2010", "March 23, 2013" ]

[ { "title": "2013 United States federal budget", "text": "as the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013, which contained funding bills for the Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs, with a full-year continuing resolution for all other departments and agencies. The Budget Control Act of 2011 was passed in August 2011 as a resolution to the debt-ceiling crisis. The fiscal year (abbreviated as FY) 2013 budget is the first to be affected by the second of two rounds of budget cuts specified in the act. (The first round of cuts has already been applied to the ten years beginning in FY2012.) For this second round of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16126749", "score": "1.0456159", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2011 United States federal budget", "text": "2011, with a tense legislative standoff leading to speculation that the nation would face its first government shutdown since 1995. However, a deal containing $38.5 billion in cuts from 2010 funding levels was reached with just hours remaining before the deadline. The 2011 budget was enacted on April 15, 2011, as Public Law 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011. President Barack Obama proposed his 2011 budget during February 2010. He has indicated that jobs, health care, clean energy, education, and infrastructure will be priorities. Total requested spending is $3.83 trillion and the federal deficit is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14250167", "score": "1.045231", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "United States federal government shutdown of 2013", "text": "meet its financial obligations. Some programs are fully or partially funded for multiple years and some are funded every year. The legislation that sets government spending is called appropriations legislation. Since the 1990s, Congress has often failed to pass the twelve to thirteen appropriation bills that set government-wide spending, often passing \"continuing resolutions (CR)\" to extend existing spending law at or near current levels, and \"omnibus\" bills that combine many appropriations bills into one. Budget negotiations can be difficult when the president is not of the party that controls one or both houses of Congress. The last budget was passed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17581261", "score": "1.0289818", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011", "text": "faced with the need to reduce outstanding debts. \" Prior to the debt ceiling crisis of 2011, the debt ceiling was last raised on February 12, 2010 to $14.294 trillion. On April 15, 2011, Congress passed the last part of the 2011 United States federal budget in the beginning 2012, authorizing federal government spending for the remainder of the 2011 fiscal year, which ended on September 30, 2011. For the 2011 fiscal year, expenditure was estimated at $3.82 trillion, with expected revenues of $2.17 trillion, leaving a deficit of $1.48 trillion. This includes, public and federal debt, as well as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15765542", "score": "1.0276616", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2014 United States federal budget", "text": "two continuing resolutions. Final funding for the government was enacted as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, enacted on January 17, 2014. The House Budget Committee reported out the House Budget Bill () on March 15, 2013 which was introduced and sponsored by budget committee chairman Paul Ryan (R-WI) to the United States House of Representatives. It passed the House on March 21, 2013, 221-207. Along with setting forth the congressional budget for the federal government for fiscal year 2014, it proposed budget levels for fiscal 2015 through 2023 with respect to federal revenues, new budget authority,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17189768", "score": "1.0244689", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2017 United States federal budget", "text": "on March 16, 2017. The budget also proposed changes to the BCA spending caps for FY2017, with defense spending increasing by $25 billion (from $551 to $576 billion), and non-defense spending decreasing by $15 billion (from $519 billion to $504 billion). On April 28, 2017, Congress passed a one-week continuing resolution that extended funding through May 5, 2017. On May 1, a bipartisan agreement was announced on the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, which included all of the remaining appropriations bills. Near the end of the fiscal year, on September 8, additional disaster funding due to Hurricane Harvey was enacted as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19799841", "score": "1.0222881", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2013 United States federal budget", "text": "end of the 112th Congress at noon on January 3. The House passed the bill without amendments by a margin of 257–167 at about 11 p. m. EST on January 1, 2013. 85 Republicans and 172 Democrats voted in favor while 151 Republicans and 16 Democrats were opposed. The spending bill for the remainder of the fiscal year, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013, was passed by the Senate 73–26 on March 20, 2013, by the House the following day in a 318-109 vote, and signed by President Obama on March 26, 2013. The legislation shifted some money", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16126762", "score": "1.0160104", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2014 United States federal budget", "text": "was passed lasting three days. The full-year omnibus spending bill, called the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, was passed in January 2014. \"(In billions of dollars)\": In billions of dollars: House bill Senate bill 2014 United States federal budget The 2014 United States federal budget is the budget to fund government operations for the fiscal year (FY) 2014, which began on October 1, 2013 and ended on September 30, 2014. President Obama submitted the FY2014 budget proposal on April 10, 2013, two months past the February 4 legal deadline due to negotiations over the United States fiscal cliff and implementation of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17189788", "score": "1.0143712", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013", "text": "a rare example of bipartisanship during this period and promised to end for a while the last-minute, crisis-driven budget battles that had consumed Congress for much of the prior three years. The bill caps the federal government's overall discretionary spending for Fiscal Year 2014 at $1.012 trillion and for Fiscal Year 2015 at $1.014. This deal would eliminate some of the spending cuts required by the sequester by $45 billion of the cuts scheduled to happen in January 2014 and $18 billion of the cuts scheduled to happen in 2015. Federal spending would thus be larger in these two years,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17728579", "score": "1.012355", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "United States budget process", "text": "be a resolution every year; if none is established, the previous year's resolution remains in force. For example, the Senate has not passed a budget resolution for FY2011, FY2012, or FY2013, and passed the FY2014 budget resolution on March 23, 2013, 23 days before the April 15 deadline set by the No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. This was the first budget resolution passed by the Senate since a FY2010 budget passed on April 29, 2009. The House and Senate may propose a budget independently of the President's budget. For example, for the 2014 budget process, the House prepared", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2012 United States federal budget", "text": "years, of which $21 billion would be included in the FY2012 budget. It would then give Congress a choice between either accepting the recommendation of a Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction which would cut the deficit by $1.2–1.5 trillion through spending cuts and/or revenue increases, or accepting automatic budget cuts to national security funding (including defense spending) and to Medicare, which would start in the FY2013 budget. Congress would also be required to vote on a Balanced Budget Amendment. On August 1, the Budget Control Act of 2011 passed the House 269–161, with 66 Republicans and 95 Democrats voting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15365460", "score": "1.0083809", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2012 United States federal budget", "text": "against the bill. On August 2, it passed in the Senate 74–26, and was signed into law by President Obama the same day. August 2 was also the date estimated by the department of the Treasury that the borrowing authority of the US would be exhausted. Because the federal budget legislation was not expected to be enacted by the September 30, 2011 deadline, work began on a continuing resolution to fund the government temporarily through November 18, 2011 with an across-the-board reduction of 1.503% below the 2011 budget levels. However, a dispute arose between the Republican-led House and the Democrat-led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15365461", "score": "1.0063643", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2006 United States federal budget", "text": "2006 United States federal budget The 2006 United States Federal Budget began as a proposal by President George W. Bush to fund government operations for October 1, 2005 – September 30, 2006. The requested budget was submitted to the 109th Congress on February 7, 2005. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Final funding for the government was enacted as several appropriations bills enacted between August 2 and December 30, 2005. As of 2018, this is the last fiscal year to be funded without the use of an omnibus spending bill or full-year continuing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7128111", "score": "1.0063499", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2017 United States federal budget", "text": "2017 United States federal budget The 2017 United States federal budget is the United States federal budget for fiscal year 2017, which lasted from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. President Barack Obama submitted a budget proposal to the 114th Congress on February 9, 2016. The 2017 fiscal year overlaps the end of the Obama administration and the beginning of the Trump administration. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Funding for military construction and the Department of Veterans Affairs was enacted on September 29, 2016 as part of the Continuing Appropriations and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19799833", "score": "1.0041071", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2009 United States federal budget", "text": "the remaining departments and agencies were funded as part of an omnibus spending bill, the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, on March 10, 2009. \"(in billions of dollars)\" The 110th Congress' budget for 2009 totaled $3.1 trillion. Percentages in parentheses indicate percentage change compared to 2008. This budget request is broken down by the following expenditures: The financial cost of the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan are not part of the defense budget; they were appropriations. Decreased tax revenue and high spending resulted in an unusually large budget deficit of about $1.4 trillion, well above the $407 billion projected", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11995624", "score": "0.9995674", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2017 United States federal budget", "text": "Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017, and Zika Response and Preparedness Act. The remaining funding was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, enacted on May 5, 2017. The federal budget outlines the government’s plans for spending and revenue. In the United States, the federal budget request is first introduced by the president. The federal budget and all appropriations must then be written and approved by the United States Congress. In Congress the process begins with the House Budget Committee and the Senate Budget Committee creating their own budget. After both houses", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19799834", "score": "0.99920225", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2013", "text": "Congress if they did not produce a budget plan by April 15. Pay would be reinstated once a budget was passed or on January 2, 2015, whichever came first. Under the law, the debt ceiling would be set on May 19, 2013 to a level \"necessary to fund commitment incurred by the Federal Government that required payment.\" On March 1, the sequester, cutting $1.2 trillion over the next decade, went into effect after the parties failed to reach a deal. On March 21, the House passed a FY 2014 budget that would balance the United States budget in 2023. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17611866", "score": "0.99855936", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "United States fiscal cliff", "text": "the federal government. The bill also included a provision that would delay the salaries of Congressmen of any house that had not passed a resolution on the FY2013 budget by April 15, 2013. United States fiscal cliff The United States fiscal cliff was a situation that took place in January 2013 when several previously-enacted laws came into effect simultaneously, increasing taxes and decreasing spending. The Bush tax cuts of 2001 and 2003, which had been extended for two years by the 2010 Tax Relief Act, were scheduled to expire on December 31, 2012. Planned spending cuts under the Budget Control", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16674571", "score": "0.99844897", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2010 United States federal budget", "text": "2010 totaled $3.55 trillion and was passed by Congress on April 29, 2009. Percentages in parentheses indicate percentage changes compared to FY 2009. A breakdown of Obama's budget request includes the following expenditures: \"(in billions of dollars)\": The total deficit for fiscal year 2010 was $1.293 trillion. 2010 United States federal budget The United States Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2010, titled A New Era of Responsibility: Renewing America's Promise, is a spending request by President Barack Obama to fund government operations for October 2009–September 2010. Figures shown in the spending request do not reflect the actual appropriations for Fiscal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13081694", "score": "0.9949422", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Political debates about the United States federal budget", "text": "years, or actual figures vs. CBO baseline forecasts before and after major legislation is passed, to evaluate the effect of that legislation. Fiscal year 2018 (FY 2018) ran from October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018. It was the first fiscal year budgeted by President Trump. The Treasury department reported on October 15, 2018 that the budget deficit rose from $666 billion in FY2017 to $779 billion in FY2018, an increase of $113 billion or 17.0%. Tax receipts increased 0.4%, while outlays increased 3.2%. Tax revenues typically rise in a growing economy; they grow more slowly under a CBO baseline", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16129897", "score": "0.9945465", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2015 United States federal appropriations", "text": "he wants to avoid a similar situation. Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) shared this goal of finishing all of the appropriations bills on time. In debating whether Congress would succeed at this, analysts looked at several issues. On the one hand, Congress has successfully agreed on an overall spending level of $1.014 trillion as part of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013. There was also \"pent-up demand in Congress to influence the actions of federal agencies through the setting of spending priorities.\" On the other hand, different parties controlled the House and the Senate. As of May 29, 2014, Senator Mikulski", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18113292", "score": "0.99371004", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2018 United States federal budget", "text": "2018 United States federal budget The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2018, which ran from October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018, was named America First: A Budget Blueprint to Make America Great Again. It was the first budget proposed by newly-elected President Donald Trump, submitted to the 115th Congress on March 16, 2017. The government was initially funded through a series of five temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, enacted on March 23, 2018. Donald Trump was elected as President of the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20050333", "score": "0.99362344", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2019 United States federal budget", "text": "On December 6, Congress passed a second continuing resolution lasting through December 21, to give more time for negotiations on Trump's proposed border wall, which had been delayed due to the death and funeral of George H. W. Bush. 2019 United States federal budget The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2019 runs from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. The United States Congress initially proposed three \"minibus\" appropriations bills prior to the beginning of the fiscal year.. Two of these were enacted prior to the beginning of the fiscal year, accounting for five bills totaling 77% of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20898296", "score": "0.99322486", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014", "text": "federal government is a complex one. The United States budget process traditionally begins when the President of the United States submits a budget request to Congress. The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 requires the President to submit the budget to Congress for each fiscal year, which is the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year. The current federal budget law ((a)) requires that the President submit his or her budget request between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in February. However, it is Congress that actually establishes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17795857", "score": "0.9924307", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2017 United States federal budget", "text": "stated priorities are creating jobs, building 21st century transportation, investing in medical research, addressing climate change, and increased funding for national security. Congress did not pass a regular budget resolution for the 2017 fiscal year during the 114th Congress, but did so early in the 115th Congress, over three months after the fiscal year had actually begun. On September 28, 2016, Congress passed a continuing resolution which extended funding at previous years levels up to December 9, 2016. The continuing resolution avoided a government shutdown and directed funding specifically for protection against the Zika virus and flood relief in Louisiana.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19799837", "score": "0.9911675", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2012 United States federal budget", "text": "support for the bill was motivated by a desire to not oppose a tax cut in an election year. Some Democrats criticized the bill for directing spending cuts at federal employees rather than generating funds by increasing taxes on the wealthy or closing tax loopholes. The following provisions were enacted in the final budget legislation: The Obama administration's budget request contained $2.627 trillion in revenues and $3.729 trillion in outlays (expenditures) for 2012, for a deficit of $1.101 trillion. The April 2011 Republican plan contained $2.533 trillion in revenues and $3.529 trillion in outlays, for a deficit of $0.996 trillion.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15365470", "score": "0.9893646", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "United States federal budget", "text": "\"This huge move into surplus reflects the end of the housing bubble, a sharp rise in household saving, and a slump in business investment due to lack of customers.\" Fiscal year 2018 (FY 2018) ran from October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018. It was the first fiscal year budgeted by President Trump. The Treasury department reported on October 15, 2018 that the budget deficit rose from $666 billion in FY2017 to $779 billion in FY2018, an increase of $113 billion or 17.0%. In dollar terms, tax receipts increased 0.4%, while outlays increased 3.2%. Revenue fell from 17.2% GDP in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7022216", "score": "0.9876888", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2017 United States federal budget", "text": "legislation would distract Congress from other priorities during the beginning of Trump's administration. The final bill, the Further Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017, extended funding through April 28, 2017. It was passed by the House and Senate on December 8 and 9, 2016, respectively. The passage of the bill in the Senate was delayed after Democrats objected to the fact that an extension of health benefits for retired miners would not last until the end of the year, but a compromise was made to take up the matter in January. On January 12, 2017, the Senate voted 51", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19799839", "score": "0.9838878", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2018 United States federal budget", "text": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, two days after which President Trump signed it into law. It made changes to personal and commercial income taxes, among other changes, taking effect in January 2018. After accounting for macroeconomic feedback effects, the Joint Committee on Taxation estimates that it will add a net of approximately $1 trillion to the federal debt over the period 2018–2027. There was a deficit of $779 billion in the 2018 fiscal year, the highest in six years. 2018 United States federal budget The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2018, which ran from October 1,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20050342", "score": "0.9822856", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2016 United States federal budget", "text": "caps, continuing debate over the Iran nuclear deal, and keeping the Highway Trust Fund from running out of money. However, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2016 was passed on September 30, 2015, funding the government through December 11 at roughly the same levels as FY2015, without any other policy provisions favored by conservatives. The bill was passed in large part due to the announcement a week earlier of John Boehner's resignation as Speaker of the House. The House passed the Restoring Americans' Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act of 2015 on October 23, 2015 under the budget reconciliation process, which prevents the possibility", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18989479", "score": "0.982202", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "The Sun" ]

[ { "title": "True name", "text": "True name A true name is a name of a thing or being that expresses, or is somehow identical to, its true nature. The notion that language, or some specific sacred language, refers to things by their true names has been central to philosophical study as well as various traditions of magic, religious invocation and mysticism (mantras) since antiquity. The true name of the Egyptian sun god Ra was revealed to Isis through an elaborate trick. This gave Isis complete power over Ra and allowed her to put her son Horus on the throne. Socrates in Plato's \"Cratylus\" considers, without", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6519598", "score": "0.90668", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Solar deity", "text": "Sun goddess is Sunna. In the Norse traditions, Sól rode through the sky on her chariot every day, pulled by two horses named Arvak and Alsvid. Sól also was called Sunna and Frau Sunne. Other cultures that have sun goddesses include the Lithuanians (Saulė) and Latvians (Saule), the Finns (Päivätär, Beiwe) and the related Hungarians. Sun goddesses are found around the world in Australia (Bila, Walo), India (Bisal-Mariamna, Bomong, Kn Sgni), among the Hittites (Wurusemu), and Egyptians (Sekhmet), in the Canary Islands (Chaxiraxi)/(Magek), in Native America, among the Cherokee (Unelanuhi), Natchez (Wal Sil), Inuit (Malina), and Miwok (Hekoolas), and in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "368623", "score": "0.83723813", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "True name", "text": "turn them in to the government or otherwise blackmail them, conveying a kind of power that could be considered analogous to the equivalent concept of myth and legend. True name A true name is a name of a thing or being that expresses, or is somehow identical to, its true nature. The notion that language, or some specific sacred language, refers to things by their true names has been central to philosophical study as well as various traditions of magic, religious invocation and mysticism (mantras) since antiquity. The true name of the Egyptian sun god Ra was revealed to Isis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6519610", "score": "0.829431", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Astronomical naming conventions", "text": "sky have been named from ancient times. The scientific names are taken from the names given by the Romans: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Our own planet is usually named in English as Earth, or the equivalent in the language being spoken (for instance, two astronomers speaking French would call it \"la Terre\"). However, it is only recently in human history that it has been thought of as a planet. Earth, when viewed as a planet, is sometimes also called by its Latin scientific conventional name \"Terra\", this name is especially prevalent in science fiction where the adjective terran", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2837327", "score": "0.7896495", "original_retrieval_index": 65 }, { "title": "Srivari Brahmotsavam", "text": "from the clutches of the Crocodile. On the seventh day morning the Lord Venkateswara is taken out in procession with Sun God driving the Chariot. Purusha Sooktha describes Sun as born from the eyes of Lord SrimanNarayana (Chaksho! Suryo Ajayathah!). Sun is said to be an incarnation of Lord Maha Vishnu (Surya Narayana) . On the seventh day evening the Lord is again taken out in procession with Moon as symbol of his vehicle. Purusha Sooktha describes Moon as \"Chandrama Manaso Jaathaha\" (Moon is born from the mind Lord Maha Vishnu). Moon is the commander of mind and is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6515371", "score": "0.7781218", "original_retrieval_index": 77 }, { "title": "Sun (hieroglyph)", "text": "Sun (hieroglyph) The Ancient Egyptian Sun hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. N5 for the \"sun-disc\"; it is also one of the hieroglyphs that refers to the god Ra. In the 24th century BC Palermo Stone, the \"sun hieroglyph\" is used on the \"Palermo Piece\"-(obverse) of the 7-piece Palermo Stone to identify dates, or specific \"day-events\", ...\"day of ...\" A few of the King Year-Register's are dates only for example in Row V (of VI rows): N11:N11:N5 ! V20:V20:Z2ss !! <br> The Luwian language hieroglyphs, Luwian hieroglyphs has 7 varieties for the syllable of 's' and 'a'. For 'sa' number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13982003", "score": "0.7718304", "original_retrieval_index": 93 }, { "title": "Sune (name)", "text": "Sune (name) Sune can be an Afrikaans female name, or an old Nordic male name, derived from an ancient Nordic word for \"son\". The name is believed to be a hybrid name with origins in the Dutch and local native dialects of South Africa. Its commonly accepted meaning is \"Song of God\" and is usually given to female children. Many of the original Afrikaans settlers were devoutly religious and it was not uncommon to give thanks to the creator in word or song. A story is told that a local holy man had a vision in which this name would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9086289", "score": "0.7661252", "original_retrieval_index": 104 }, { "title": "Sune (name)", "text": "be given to ssune a female child who would bring many people back to a deep belief and loving relationship with God. Sune (name) Sune can be an Afrikaans female name, or an old Nordic male name, derived from an ancient Nordic word for \"son\". The name is believed to be a hybrid name with origins in the Dutch and local native dialects of South Africa. Its commonly accepted meaning is \"Song of God\" and is usually given to female children. Many of the original Afrikaans settlers were devoutly religious and it was not uncommon to give thanks to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9086290", "score": "0.76532733", "original_retrieval_index": 105 }, { "title": "The Star Called Sun", "text": "The song is generally considered to be one of the most popular songs by Kino. It is popular among novice guitarists in Eastern Europe, and there are many cover versions. The song is broadcast daily by Russian radio stations. The band Brazzaville has recorded a cover version of \"The Star Called Sun\" in English called «Star Called Sun» for the album East L.A. Breeze (2006). The lyrics are different to the original: it is about the death of the singer's mother David Brown. The song was sung in Udmurt language by the folklore band \"Buranovskiye Babushki\" (, ) Praskovia Fyodorova", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15837260", "score": "0.7629806", "original_retrieval_index": 112 }, { "title": "Sun", "text": "The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, i.e. 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%),", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Surya Upanishad", "text": "\"Jyoti\" (light, fire), sky, directions, Devas and the Vedas. Sun warms the earth, Sun is the Brahman, states the text. Aditya, asserts the text, is another form of the \"antahkarana\" (inner organs of the body), the mind, the \"intellect\", the ego, the Prana (life force), the \"Apana\", the \"Samana\", the \"Vyana\" and the \"Udhana\". Sun is the manifested principle behind all the five sense organs and the five motor organs in living beings, states \"Surya Upanishad\". Anandamayo (bliss), Jnanamayo (knowledge) and Vijnanamayo (wisdom) is Sun, states the text. He shines, he protects, asserts the \"Surya Upanishad\", he energizes the birth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18857102", "score": "0.759586", "original_retrieval_index": 128 }, { "title": "Names of Sun Yat-sen", "text": "was his courtesy name (). Sun's original name () was Sun Wen ). This is also referred to as his big name (). Colloquially, the \"big name\" () is also known as the school name, whereas the \"milk name\" is known as the \"small name\" (). His name Sun Wen is very well known among Chinese. After attaining public office, Sun consistently used this name - Sun Wen - to sign official documents. Traditionally, Chinese families would wait a certain number of years before officially naming their offspring. In the meantime, they used so-called \"milk names\" () which were given", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5961606", "score": "0.7592624", "original_retrieval_index": 131 }, { "title": "Akshi Upanishad", "text": "a fragment of hymn from the ancient Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is incorporated by the text, stating, Sun is the one who shows the truth, who scorches ignorance, who cleanses, he is the embodiment of Hamsa (Atman, soul), asserts the Upanishad. Thousand beamed Sun is, a hundred directions does Sun radiate unto, states the text, he is the life-giving energy to all living beings. Embracing the entire universe, in full compassion for all, is this Sun. He empowers the eyes, he brings peace to mind, he moves me, states the Upanishad. Salutations, O Sun! This is the \"Chakṣuṣmati Vidya\", asserts the text,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18839491", "score": "0.757321", "original_retrieval_index": 138 }, { "title": "Sundanese people", "text": "in Central Java and East Java. The name \"Sunda\" derives from the Sanskrit prefix \"su\"- which means \"goodness\" or \"possessing good quality\". The example is \"suvarna\" (lit:\"good color\") used to describe gold. \"Sunda\" is also another name for Hindu God Vishnu. In Sanskrit, the term \"Sundara\" (masculine) or \"Sundari\" (feminine) means \"beautiful\" or \"excellence\". The term \"Sunda\" also means bright, light, purity, cleanness and white. The Sundanese are of Austronesian origins who are thought to have originated in Taiwan, migrated through the Philippines, and reached Java between 1,500 BC and 1,000 BC. Nevertheless, there is also a hypothesis that argues", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4143576", "score": "0.7544178", "original_retrieval_index": 149 }, { "title": "Sun path", "text": "true north (NNE) reading 23.5° from true north (and south of the subsolar, the shadow will point a little westward of true south (SSW) reading 203.5° from true north). The same stick will cast no shadow on the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere when the subsolar point is on the Tropic of Cancer 23.44° north of equator. Although north of 23.44°N the shadow will point towards true north and south of 23.44°N the shadow will point towards true south. The reverse occurs on the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere when the subsolar point will be on the Tropic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11392348", "score": "0.75391114", "original_retrieval_index": 152 }, { "title": "Sun (hieroglyph)", "text": "4 (Sa). Sun (hieroglyph) The Ancient Egyptian Sun hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. N5 for the \"sun-disc\"; it is also one of the hieroglyphs that refers to the god Ra. In the 24th century BC Palermo Stone, the \"sun hieroglyph\" is used on the \"Palermo Piece\"-(obverse) of the 7-piece Palermo Stone to identify dates, or specific \"day-events\", ...\"day of ...\" A few of the King Year-Register's are dates only for example in Row V (of VI rows): N11:N11:N5 ! V20:V20:Z2ss !! <br> The Luwian language hieroglyphs, Luwian hieroglyphs has 7 varieties for the syllable of 's' and 'a'. For", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13982004", "score": "0.75244164", "original_retrieval_index": 158 }, { "title": "Greek contributions to Islamic world", "text": "major names for the brightest star in Taurus; the proper name Aldebaran and the scientific names, Alpha Taurind and 87 Tauri. Any of these three names can be used for the brightest star in Taurus but present day astronomers prefer to use the latter two scientific names. Due to their enormous popularity, a remnant of bright stars retained their original Greek or Latin names, surviving the mass invasion of Arabic names. Examples include Sirius (Greek for \"searing\" or \"scorching\"), Arcturus (Greek for \"Guardian of the Bear\"), Capella (Latin for \"Little She-goat\"), and Spica (Latin for \"Ear of Grain\"). Examples of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15883739", "score": "0.7516085", "original_retrieval_index": 165 }, { "title": "Ratha Saptami", "text": "farmers, it is an auspicious beginning of the New Year. The festival is observed by all Hindus in their houses and in innumerable temples dedicated to Surya, across India. Sun worship is deep rooted in the Vedas of the Hindu religion and its antiquity also relates to several mythologies of the world such as that of China, Egypt and Mesopotamia. The Gayatri Mantra jap – the sacred Vedic chants to Savitr (Sun god) – is recited by the Hindus every day with great reverence. As the puranic Hinduism evolved, the worship of Sun was established. In the Rig Veda ,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11557137", "score": "0.7512957", "original_retrieval_index": 167 }, { "title": "Venus in culture", "text": "early link to Mithra. The Persian name of the planet today is \"Nahid\", which derives from Anahita and later in history from the Pahlavi language \"Anahid\". The Ancient Greeks called the morning star , , the \"Bringer of Light\". Another Greek name for the morning star was Heosphoros (Greek \"Heōsphoros\"), meaning \"Dawn-Bringer\". They called the evening star, which was long considered a separate celestial object, \"\" (, the \"star of the evening\"). By Hellenistic times, the ancient Greeks had identified these as a single planet, though the traditional use of two names for its appearance in the morning and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20956365", "score": "0.75099546", "original_retrieval_index": 168 }, { "title": "Solar symbol", "text": "century, such as the swastika, triskele, Sun cross, etc. have tended to be interpreted more conservatively in scholarship since the later 20th century. The basic element of most solar symbols is the circular solar disk. The disk can be modified in various ways, notably by adding rays (found in the Bronze Age in Egyptian depictions of Aten) or a cross. In Ancient Near East, the solar disk could also be modified by addition of the Uraeus (rearing cobra), and in Ancient Mesopotamia it was shown as winged. Egyptian hieroglyphs have a large inventory of solar symbolism because of the central", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2515275", "score": "0.750981", "original_retrieval_index": 169 }, { "title": "Hesperides", "text": "the Hesperides as four, and their names as: Aigle (or Aegle, \"dazzling light\"), Erytheia (or Erytheis), Hesperia (\"sunset glow\") whose name refers to the colour of the setting sun: red, yellow, or gold and lastly Arethusa. In addition, Hesperia and Arethusa, the so-called \"ox-eyed Hesperethusa.\" Pseudo-Apollodorus gives the number of the Hesperides also as four, namely: Aigle, Erytheia, Hesperia (or Hesperie) and Arethusa while Fulgentius named them as Aegle, Hesperie, Medusa and Arethusa. However, the historiographer Diodorus in his account stated that they are seven in number with no information of their names. An ancient vase painting attests the following", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "839013", "score": "0.74885285", "original_retrieval_index": 176 }, { "title": "Japanese mythology", "text": "sun goddess of Japan, is the most well-known deity of Japanese mythology. Her feuding with Susanoo, her uncontrollable brother, however, is equally infamous and appears in several tales. One story tells about Susanoo's wicked behavior toward Izanagi, who, tired of Susanoo's repeated complaints, banishes him to Yomi. Susanoo grudgingly acquiesces, but has first to attend some unfinished business. He goes to Takamagahara (\"heaven\") to bid farewell to his sister, Amaterasu. Amaterasu knows that her unpredictable brother does not have good intentions and is prepared for battle. \"For what purpose do you come here?\" asks Amaterasu. \"To say farewell,\" answers Susanoo.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2510723", "score": "0.7404355", "original_retrieval_index": 203 }, { "title": "Surya", "text": "Kumbha Mela. The oldest surviving Vedic hymns, such as the hymn 1.115 of the Rigveda, mention \"Sūrya\" with particular reverence for the \"rising sun” and its symbolism as dispeller of darkness, one who empowers knowledge, the good and all life. However, the usage is context specific. In some hymns, the word Surya simply means sun as an inanimate object, a stone or a gem in the sky (Rigvedic hymns 5.47, 6.51 and 7.63); while in others it refers to a personified deity. The Vedas assert Sun (Surya) to be the creator of the material universe (Prakriti). In the layers of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12784737", "score": "0.7401681", "original_retrieval_index": 204 }, { "title": "Surya", "text": "all of the universe, as a form of homage to Surya. Sūrya namaskāra literally means sun salutation. It is a Yoga warm up routine based on a sequence of gracefully linked asanas. The nomenclature refers to the symbolism of Sun as the soul and the source of all life. A yogi may develop a personalized yoga warm up routine as \"surya-namaskar\" to precede his or her asana practice. The Gayatri Mantra is associated with Surya (Savitr). The mantra's earliest appearance is in the hymn 3.62.10 of the Rigveda. Surya Surya (; , IAST: ‘'Sūrya’') is a Sanskrit word that means", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12784761", "score": "0.740083", "original_retrieval_index": 205 }, { "title": "Neptune", "text": "of the sea, identified with the Greek Poseidon. The demand for a mythological name seemed to be in keeping with the nomenclature of the other planets, all of which, except for Earth, were named for deities in Greek and Roman mythology. Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name \"Neptune\" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as \"sea king star\" (), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called \"Dalain Van\" (Далайн ван), reflecting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12383543", "score": "0.74008125", "original_retrieval_index": 206 }, { "title": "Konark Sun Temple", "text": "simply means sun as an inanimate object, a stone, or a gem in the sky (Rigvedic hymns 5.47, 6.51 and 7.63) while in others it refers to a personified deity. In the layers of Vedic texts, Surya is one of the several trinities along with Agni and either Vayu or Indra, which are presented as an equivalent icon and aspect of the Hindu metaphysical concept called the Brahman. In the Brahmanas layer of Vedic literature, Surya appears with Agni (fire god) in the same hymns. Surya is revered for the day, and Agni for its role during the night. According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10311481", "score": "0.73866993", "original_retrieval_index": 210 }, { "title": "Pokémon Sun and Moon", "text": "change their character's appearance. Joining the previous generations of Pokémon are all new species, such as the new Starter Pokémon; Rowlet, Litten, and Popplio, and the Pokémon that are, within the fictional Pokémon world, described as Legendary, namely Solgaleo and Lunala. \"Pokémon Sun\" and \"Moon\" is the first entry in the series to be available in Chinese, both Simplified and Traditional, along with English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Japanese, and Korean, for a total of nine playable languages. The games introduce variants of Pokémon introduced in older games with new typings and appearances, known as Alola Forms. Alola Form Vulpix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19353746", "score": "0.7386037", "original_retrieval_index": 211 }, { "title": "Vädersolstavlan", "text": "replies anywhere in the city. He translated the Swedish text then accompanying the painting to Latin — \"\"Anno 1535 1 Aprilis hoc ordine sex cœlo soles in circulo visi Holmie a septima matutina usque ad mediam nonam antermeridianam\"\" — and concluded that the real sun represented Gustav Vasa and the other suns his successors, an assumption he thought confirmed by contemporary Swedish history. Even this confused report was soon forgotten and in 1632 the halo display in the painting was described in a German leaflet as three beautiful rainbows, a ball, and an eel hanging in the sky over the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10263469", "score": "0.7335587", "original_retrieval_index": 239 }, { "title": "Ketura Sun", "text": "sundials it is possible to view the time of day according to the sunlight by inserting a finger at the center of the dial and tilting it approximately 50 ˚ to the north. ‘Meridians’ are one of the names for the bars that cast a shadow on the sundial, an idea that originates from the location of the meridian arc (an imaginary line that stretches across the globe from the North Pole to the South Pole). Meridians are also an extensive network of cross-channels of life energy in the human body. Danny Lavie, the same artist who developed the Solar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15711959", "score": "0.7314061", "original_retrieval_index": 253 }, { "title": "Sun of Suns", "text": "Sun of Suns Sun of Suns, Book One of Virga, is a science fiction novel by Karl Schroeder, published by Tor in 2006. It is set in the fictional world of Virga, a world devoid of gravity and multiple artificial stars, a fullerene sphere filled with air and full of drifting rocks and nations floating around Candesce, (the eponymous \"Sun of Suns\"). The story focuses around three main characters, Hayden Griffin, Admiral Chaison Fanning, and his wife, Venera Fanning. The sequel to the book, Queen of Candesce, was released in August 2007. Hayden Griffin is a young, fatherless boy living", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9505888", "score": "0.7312142", "original_retrieval_index": 254 } ]

[ "the Ramones" ]

[ { "title": "I Wanna Be Sedated", "text": "in regular motion. This was achieved by having the band members move very slowly, while the crowd moved normally, and then speeding up the film. One of the video's characters is a young Courtney Love. \"I Wanna Be Sedated\" was number 145 on the \"Rolling Stone\"'s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Marky Ramone is the drummer on this track. In 1999, National Public Radio included the song in the \"NPR 100\", in which NPR's music editors sought to compile the one hundred most important American musical works of the 20th century. I Wanna Be Sedated \"I Wanna Be Sedated\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5033532", "score": "1.1621636", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Guitar Hero (video game)", "text": "\"I Wanna Be Sedated\" to the younger target audience of the game. Harmonix had to modify the track list throughout development as certain songs were introduced or removed based on licensing issues, requiring the team to repeatedly balance difficulty and popularity of the track list. WaveGroup Sound were used to create the covers of the licensed songs provided in the game. Marcus Henderson of the band Drist provided many of the lead guitar tracks for the covers. WaveGroup Sound also went to efforts to try to recreate effects for some songs. In the case of Black Sabbaths \"Iron Man\", the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6092682", "score": "1.0316691", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Road to Ruin (Ramones album)", "text": "the band will continue making records, while \"Needles and Pins\" is a cover of The Searchers' song \"Needles and Pins\". \"Rolling Stone\" critic Charles Young noted that the song could have easily been a joke, but was not since Joey \"really puts his guts into these antiquated but beautiful lyrics and pulls it off.\" \"I Wanna Be Sedated\" was written by Joey while in the hospital where he was treated for burns on his face and in his throat. The injury was the result of an exploding kettle full of boiling water which served to treat sinuses. The album concludes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3716365", "score": "0.99759644", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ramones", "text": "Marc Bell, who had been a member of the early 1970s hard rock band Dust, Wayne County and the Backstreet Boys, and the pioneering punk group Richard Hell & the Voidoids. Bell became Marky Ramone. Later that year, the band released their fourth studio album, and first with Marky, \"Road to Ruin\". The album, co-produced by Tommy with Ed Stasium, included some new sounds such as acoustic guitar, several ballads, and the band's first two recorded songs longer than three minutes. It failed to reach the \"Billboard\" Top 100. However, \"I Wanna Be Sedated\", which appeared both on the album", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15712152", "score": "0.9402616", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Courtney Love", "text": "in Spain in 1986. The film caught the attention of Andy Warhol, who featured Love in an episode of \"Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes\" with Robbie Nevil. She also had a part in the 1988 Ramones music video for \"I Wanna Be Sedated,\" appearing as a bride among dozens of party guests. In 1988, Love aborted her acting career and left New York, returning to the West Coast, citing the \"celebutante\" fame she'd attained as the central reason. She returned to stripping in the small town of McMinnville, Oregon, where she was recognized by customers at the bar. This prompted Love", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "68893", "score": "0.912094", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "A Cure for Wellness (soundtrack)", "text": "spent 6–7 months on creating the melodic score together. Ideas were shared among all of film's crew members as they worked together closely. Milan Records released the original soundtrack album worldwide on CD, digital, and 180gram pearlescent white vinyl. A download card for the digital version of the soundtrack is included with the vinyl packaging. The album was available for pre-order on iTunes which provided the immediate download of two tracks including \"I Wanna Be Sedated\" and \"Bicycle\". Both of the tracks premiered on BrooklynVegan. Jonathan Broxton from Movie Music UK gave a favorable review describing it as, \"quite a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20265228", "score": "0.90900636", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Working on a Dream Tour", "text": "song completed, Springsteen selected two or three numbers to play from the requests. The first was often a garage rock classic such as \"Wild Thing\", \"96 Tears\", or \"Mony Mony\" or a punk rock staple such as \"I Wanna Be Sedated\" or \"London Calling\". This activity was billed as \"Stump the Band\", and led to impromptu arrangements being worked out onstage. Springsteen would sometimes taunt the audience afterwards with declarations that the E Street Band could not be stumped, such as saying in Atlanta's Philips Arena, \"...this is the greatest bar band in the land, and if they don't think", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12959160", "score": "0.8896786", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Road to Ruin (Ramones album)", "text": "Tommy. It features the well-known track \"I Wanna Be Sedated.\" The songs on \"Road to Ruin\" were considered by both fans and critics as an attempt to get the band more airplay. The album incorporated musical elements which were less prominent in punk rock, such as guitar solos and ballads. The difference in style caused for mixed reviews by critics, with many pointing out that the band was trying to sell more records through a change in form. This attempt by the band failed, as \"Road to Ruin\" peaked at 103 on the \"Billboard\" 200, over 50 places behind its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3716358", "score": "0.8886121", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Penn & Teller's Sin City Spectacular", "text": "included Katzen, the tattooed lady who ate bugs, and her husband, the Enigma (also covered with tattoos), who swallowed swords and lightbulbs, and had two horns surgically implanted into his forehead. Often celebrities appeared performing previously unknown talents, such as actor French Stewart singing and dancing \"Hooray Pornography\", Andy Dick tap-dancing, or Jerry Springer singing while the dancers fight behind him a la \"The Jerry Springer Show\". Musical highlights were Fred, an old-time barbershop quartet, singing \"I Wanna Be Sedated\"; Michael McKean as a distraught Edgar Allan Poe who breaks into a disco extravaganza with the Eight Deadly Sin Dancers',", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7448543", "score": "0.88421", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "I Wanna Be Sedated", "text": "\"I Wanna Be Sedated\" is a song by the American punk rock band the Ramones. It is one of the band's best known songs. It was originally released on their fourth album, Road to Ruin, in September 1978 and was the B-side of the UK single \"She's the One\" released on September 21,1978. The song was later released as a single in the Netherlands in 1978, then in the U.S. in 1980 by RSO Records from the Times Square soundtrack album.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mikky Ekko", "text": "Tenn. In 2009 he partnered with producer Tim Lauer and engineer Dan Hansen to record an a cappella version of \"Sedated\". That led to his first EP \"Strange Fruit\" which released February 15, 2009. Lauer and Hansen continued to collaborate with Ekko for 2010's \"Reds\" and \"Blues\". They worked together to develop the character and sound of Mikky Ekko which led to growing attention in the music business. \"Who Are You, Really?\", one of the tracks from \"Reds\", caught the attention of experimental hip-hop producer Clams Casino, who had worked with ASAP Rocky, Lil B and The Weeknd. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16966639", "score": "0.8693255", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Glove", "text": "we'd record a piece of piano or drum\". During that period, the duo stayed up most of the nights watching \"video nasties\", including Dario Argento films. Since Smith was contractually prohibited from singing with another band (one of the reasons he cited for the 2001 split from the Cure's longtime label), former Zoo dancer Jeanette Landray (a former girlfriend of Severin's bandmate Budgie) was recruited as the lead singer. Smith sang on two of the songs, \"Perfect Murder\" and \"Mr. Alphabet Says\". With the latter, Smith sang lyrics other than his own. Other musicians involved in this project were Andy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3956053", "score": "0.85207355", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tom Dowd", "text": "Oak Arkansas, Derek and the Dominos, Rod Stewart, Wishbone Ash, New Model Army, Cream, Lulu, Chicago, the Allman Brothers Band, Joe Bonamassa, the J. Geils Band, Meat Loaf, Sonny & Cher, the Rascals, The Spinners, Willie Nelson, Diana Ross, Eagles, the Four Seasons, Kenny Loggins, James Gang, Dusty Springfield, Eddie Harris, Charles Mingus, Herbie Mann, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, Otis Redding, Aretha Franklin, Joe Castro and Primal Scream. He was also an employee of Apex Studios in the 1950s. Dowd received a Grammy Trustees Award for his lifetime achievements in February 2002. He died of emphysema on October 27,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4322161", "score": "0.85176927", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Féile (music festival)", "text": "Doctors played again, with Mike Scott of The Waterboys joining them to sing \"The Trip to Tipp\", which they had co-written for the occasion. Acts included Bryan Adams, Simply Red, Christy Moore, David Byrne, Kirsty MacColl, The Wonder Stuff, the Saw Doctors, The Stunning, The Beautiful South, Inspiral Carpets, Primal Scream, PJ Harvey, Ned's Atomic Dustbin, James, Toasted Heretic, and Extreme. Acts included INXS, Iggy Pop, The Levellers, The Sultans of Ping FC, The Christians, The Shamen, Kerbdog, A House, The Frank and Walters and Chris de Burgh. Unruly behaviour by fans attracted criticism, with 141 arrests, mostly for drug", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10592757", "score": "0.84762496", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Neil Sedaka", "text": "Sedaka was going to be a guest judge and that the finalists would be singing Sedaka's songs, she begged Clay to sing \"Solitaire.\" The performance was uniformly given extraordinarily high praise by the judges (including perennial skeptic Simon Cowell). Sedaka dissolved into tears, telling Aiken that he officially passed ownership of the performance of \"Solitaire\" to Clay, offering to record and produce a single of the song or an entire CD with him. Although it did not appear on his debut CD itself, Aiken recorded and added \"Solitaire\" as the B-side to the single \"The Way,\" whose sales were faltering.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2784251", "score": "0.84498847", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Erik Segerstedt", "text": "E.M.D. with Mattias Andréasson and Danny Saucedo. Like Segerstedt, both Andréasson and Saucedo had taken part in the Swedish version of \"Idol\", with Danny Saucedo finishing 6th on \"Idol 2006\" and Mattias Andréasson as the fourth runner-up on \"Idol 2007\". Their first single, a cover of Bryan Adams, Rod Stewart and Sting's hit \"All For Love\", was a chart success. They released their debut album, \"A State of Mind\", in May 2008 with \"Jennie Let Me Love You\" and \"Alone)\" as singles and, after the release of the deluxe album edition, the single \"Baby Goodbye\" which was their song on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9679436", "score": "0.8443661", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sekou Sundiata", "text": "a minor hit for his band Soul Coughing in the 1990s, while studying in Sundiata's class. Another musician/poet who studied with Sundiata (at Eugene Lang College at The New School for Liberal Arts) was Spin Doctors' lead singer Chris Barron. In fact, it was Sekou that coined the name \"Spin Doctors\" for the newly formed band in 1988/89. Sekou Sundiata died of heart failure at a hospital in Valhalla, New York on July 18, 2007. He had struggled with many life-threatening conditions throughout his life, including cancer, kidney failure, a kidney transplant, pneumonia, and a broken neck sustained in an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3242919", "score": "0.84142524", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Syd (singer)", "text": "Syd (singer) Sydney Loren Bennett (born April 23, 1992), known professionally as Syd (formerly Syd tha Kyd), is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, disc jockey, and audio engineer from Los Angeles, California. Aside from her solo career, Syd was a member of the Los Angeles alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and is the lead vocalist for the soul band The Internet. She is the older sister of Odd Future member Travis \"Taco\" Bennett. She is currently signed to Columbia Records. Growing up in a musical family influenced Bennett's interest in music. Her mother once aspired to be a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16678152", "score": "0.84088206", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Britain's Got the Pop Factor... and Possibly a New Celebrity Jesus Christ Soapstar Superstar Strictly on Ice", "text": "serious manner, with the insensitivity of the song selections providing the humour). At this point, R Wayne was eliminated and the final two acts then performed their own rendition of \"The Winner's Song\". The winner of the show was Geraldine. She collapsed on stage during the last lines of her version of \"The Winner's Song\" from choking on a piece of glitter confetti. R Wayne, not noticing, ended up being the only person actually singing these last lines. After somebody asked for a doctor, Neil Fox jumped on stage and attempted to revive her. The following day Kay, in character", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12379179", "score": "0.83901983", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Greg Puciato", "text": "referring to other bands that would appear that day of the festival, especially Puddle of Mudd. The act caused much controversy and had them on the verge of being banned in the UK. Greg Puciato Gregory John Puciato (born March 27, 1980) is best known as the lead singer of the disbanded The Dillinger Escape Plan and is currently the lead singer of The Black Queen and Killer Be Killed. He is noted for reckless live performances, wide vocal range, outspoken views, and controversy stemming from his bands' performances and interviews. In the December 2007 issue of \"Revolver\" Puciato was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4726484", "score": "0.8377662", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Mike Argento", "text": "In 1989, he was a featured writer. Argento obtained his degree from Penn State with a degree in humanities. Upon graduating, he began working at a weekly newspaper, quit, then worked for another similar weekly newspaper. Aside from writing, Argento spends his free time playing the guitar. He is a member of a band called JCFisher who play eclectic indie music. The band does a country version of the song \"I Wanna Be Sedated\". Argento is married to his wife Cine Martinez-Argento and together the two live in York County, Pennsylvania. They have two dogs. One is a greyhound, named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13190546", "score": "0.83457553", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Tamang Panahon", "text": "of Nidora, Tidora and Tinidora. Later in the show, musical artists sang AlDub theme songs. Those singers were Raymund Sarangay of Silent Sanctuary who sang \"Sa 'Yo,\" Medwin Marfil of True Faith who sang \"Dahil Ikaw,\" Jireh Lim who sang \"Buko,\" Joey Generoso of Side A who sang \"Forevermore;\" and Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto and Joey de Leon who sang \"Ngiti,\" a Ronnie Liang original. Before the highlight of the event, Maine Mendoza danced to Big Bang's \"Fantastic Baby,\" which was followed by a dance number by Ryzza Mae Dizon and then another dance number by Baste who danced to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20458444", "score": "0.83384967", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Jerry Lewis MDA Labor Day Telethon", "text": "and June 2014, at the Palladium in Los Angeles and the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville. It is the earliest time of recording for the telethon in show history. Performers included Jason Derulo, Fall Out Boy, Rascal Flatts, Jordin Sparks, R5, Bret Michaels, Sara Evans, LeAnn Rimes, Aloe Blacc, Matt Nathanson, and American Authors. Others who appeared were Kesha, Ludacris, Brad Paisley, Laila Ali, Nancy O'Dell, Alyssa Milano, Kevin Frazier, Terry Fator, Victor Ortíz, Dr. Richard E. Besser, Josh Groban, Chip Esten, Tom Bergeron, Chris Powell and Susan Lucci. One of the main themes of the show was the organization's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8676819", "score": "0.8332257", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Menudo (band)", "text": "Then in 1981, the album \"Quiero Ser (I Want To Be)\" launched the group—now René Farrait, 14, Johnny Lozada, 13, Xavier Serbiá, 13, Miguel Cancel, 13, and remaining original member Ricky Melendez, 13—into stardom. It included hit songs such as \"Quiero Ser\" (I Want To Be), \"Súbete A Mi Moto(Get On My Motorcycle)\", \"Rock En La TV\"(Rock On TV), \"Claridad\" (Clarity), and \"Mi Banda Toca Rock\"(My Band Plays Rock). They also had their own telenovela series entitled \"Quiero Ser (I Want To Be)\". By 1981, the band hosted a television show on Telemundo Puerto Rico named Gente Joven de Menudo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "850979", "score": "0.83228827", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Så mycket bättre", "text": "Jenny Berggren, Ison & Fille (Ison Glasgow and Felipe Leiva Wenger), Andreas Kleerup, and Lisa Nilsson. A seventh series saw the participation of 6 artists: Magnus Carlson, Lisa Ekdahl, Jill Johnson, Little Jinder (Josefine Jinder), Tommy Nilsson, Danny Saucedo. A seventh artist, Freddie Wadling was also scheduled, but he died before the shooting of the episodes. The remaining six performers still interpered his songs, as a tribute. An additional episode where the artists paid tribute to dead singer Ted Gärdestad was aired, in which his brother and songwriter Kenneth Gärdestad appeared as a guest. An eighth series saw the participation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15060343", "score": "0.8312583", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Harvest Moon Benefit Festival", "text": "experimental electronica (Sedate), and reggae (Kris Brown), with the only constant being Katie Reider as the festival's headliner for its entire run. The Festival even grew beyond Cincinnati, as sister festivals of the same name sprung up around America, coordinated by Meloy. The Festival brought together a wide variety of Ohio and Kentucky-based musicians each year—each band donating its time to the cause—and raised additional money and awareness by selling CDs at the event collecting all the night's bands into a collectible album, called Voices of Harvest Moon (vols. 1-4). The festival became one of the best-known musical events each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10956209", "score": "0.8306272", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Juno Awards of 2017", "text": "request a performance of \"Summer of '69\". Buffy Sainte-Marie appeared on stage at the Canadian Tire to declare that the event was held on traditional Algonquin territory. She then introduced A Tribe Called Red who performed music from their album \"We are the Halluci Nation\" accompanied by throat singer Tanya Tagaq. Justin Trudeau and his wife Sophie Grégoire Trudeau paid tribute to musician Leonard Cohen who died in November 2016. Feist then sang Cohen's song \"Hey, That’s No Way to Say Goodbye\", accompanied only by her acoustic guitar and singers Ariel Engle and Daniela Gesundheit of Hydra. Cohen's album \"You", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19428660", "score": "0.82931006", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Phillip Phillips", "text": "was taken to a doctor for possible kidney stones. He had eight procedures while he was on \"Idol\", and considered quitting the show due to the pain. For his Top 3 performance, Phillips sang Bob Seger's \"We've Got Tonight.\" For Top 4, he did a cover of Damien Rice's Volcano - which has been heralded as one of the best American Idol performances of all time. As the sole contestant who was never in jeopardy of elimination in any week of the competition, Phillips became the winner on the finale against Jessica Sanchez after a record-breaking 132 million votes were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7382814", "score": "0.82873285", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Selina Jen", "text": "gave all seven contestants an audition. Jen was the eventual winner of the contest. She caught the judges' attention in the first round by performing Coco Lee's \"Before I Fall In Love\" and entered the final round with \"The Closest Stranger\". She also sang \"Reflection\" by Christina Aguilera. Due to her nervousness during the final round, Selina was called out twice, and when she was announced the winner, she was doubtful because there were other contestants who had not been called out. However, all three future members of S.H.E were signed together under HIM International Music. The name Selina was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4464574", "score": "0.8266896", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Twink (musician)", "text": "Sparks member Martin Gordon. Other members of the band included Alan Lee Shaw and Rod Latter of The Adverts. Twink left, and the other members of The Rings formed 'The Maniacs'. Twink coined the term \"Acid Punk\" to describe his music and went on to release an EP \"Do It '77\" in February 1978. It included the songs \"Psychedelic Punkeroo\" (about Syd Barrett; credited to 'A. Syd') and \"Enter The Diamonds\", both of which featured a band consisting of Twink (drums/lead vocals), Kid Rogers (of Kid Rogers and the Henchmen) (guitars/vocals), Fingers Falkner (keyboards) and Chris Chesney (lead guitar). According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3568521", "score": "0.8250064", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

[ "Central States" ]

[ { "title": "Micraglossa zhongguoensis", "text": "the Chinese word Zhongguo (meaning China) and refers to the occurrence of the species in many Chinese provinces. Micraglossa zhongguoensis Micraglossa zhongguoensis is a moth in the Crambidae family. It was described by Li, Li and Nuss in 2010. It is found in China (Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hong Kong) and northern Vietnam. The length of the forewings is 5–6 mm for males and 5–7 mm for females. The ground colour of the forewings is golden, suffused with black scales. There are two black spots in the basal area. The postmedian line has a golden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18404880", "score": "1.0589051", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. There are also names for China that are derived from the languages of other ethnic groups other than the Han; examples include \"Cathay\" from the Khitan language and \"Tabgach\" from Tuoba. \"Zhōngguó\" is the most common sinitic name for China in modern times. The first appearance of on an artifact was in the Western Zhou on a ritual vessel known as He zun. It is formed by combining the characters \"zhōng\" () meaning \"central\" or \"middle\", and \"guó\" (/), representing \"state\" or \"states\"; in contemporary usage, \"nation\". Prior to the Qin unification of China, \"Zhongguo\" referred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534055", "score": "1.0570835", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Huaxia", "text": "Renmin Gongheguo\" (), while that of the ROC is \"Zhonghua Minguo\" (). Today, the term \"Zhongguo\" usually refers to the nation itself and \"Zhonghua\" to the civilization. The term \"Zhongguo\" is confined by its association to a state, whereas \"Zhonghua\" mainly concerns culture. The term \"Huaren\" (華人) for a Chinese person is an abbreviation of \"Huaxia\" with \"ren\" (人, person). \"Huaren\" in general is used for people of Chinese ethnicity, which is distinct from \"Zhongguoren\" (中國人) which refers to citizens of China. Although some may use \"Zhongguoren\" to refer to the Chinese ethnicity, such usage is not accepted by some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4663111", "score": "1.0433513", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "China", "text": "royal demesne. It was then applied to the area around Luoyi (present-day Luoyang) during the Eastern Zhou and then to China's Central Plain before being used as an occasional synonym for the state under the Qing. It was often used as a cultural concept to distinguish the Huaxia people from perceived \"barbarians\". The name \"Zhongguo\" is also translated as in English. A more literary or inclusive name, alluding to the \"land of Chinese civilization\", is \"\" It developed during the Wei and Jin dynasties as a contraction of \"the central state of the Huaxia\". Before the PRC's establishment, the proposed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "66629", "score": "1.0414093", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "Until the 19th century when the international system came to require a common legal language, there was no need for a fixed or unique name. There were different usages of the term \"Zhongguo\" in every period. It could refer to the capital of the emperor to distinguish it from the capitals of his vassals, as in Western Zhou. It could refer to the states of the Central Plain to distinguish them from states in outer regions. During the Han dynasty, three usages of \"Zhongguo\" were common. The \"Shi Jing\" explicitly defines \"Zhongguo\" as the capital; the \"Records of the Grand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534058", "score": "1.0387368", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Conquest dynasty", "text": "meaning Han Chinese. Han Chinese dynasties only used \"Zhongguo\" (中國, lit. the Central Kingdom) to explicitly refer to Han areas of their empire. The Ming dynasty only used \"Zhongguo\" to refer to explicitly only refer to Han areas of China, even excluding ethnic minority areas under Ming rule from being defined as \"Zhongguo\". The Xianbei Northern Wei referred to itself as \"Zhongguo\" and referred to yogurt as a food of \"Zhongguo\". Similarly, the Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234) referred to itself as \"Zhongguo\". Kublai announced the name of the Yuan dynasty as Great Yuan and claimed the succession of former Chinese", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12445534", "score": "1.0279126", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "the concept for their name. The term Zhongguo was also not commonly used as a name for China until quite recently, nor did it mean the \"Middle Kingdom\" to the Chinese, or even have the same meaning throughout the course of history. The name \"Huaxia\" (/; ), generally used as a sobriquet in Chinese text, is the combination of two words: These two terms originally referred to the elegance of the traditional attire of the Han Chinese ( \"Hànfú\", or simply \"yīguān\", literally \"clothes and headgear\") and the Confucian concept of rituals (/ \"lǐ\"). In the original sense, Huaxia refers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534073", "score": "1.0155663", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Chinese people", "text": "political or ideological aspect in its use; while many in China may use \"Zhongguoren\" to mean the Chinese ethnicity, some in Taiwan would refuse to be called \"Zhongguoren\". For countries with significant populations For countries with noteworthy populations Other countries with Chinese populations Related topics of interest Chinese people Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship or other affiliation. Han people, the largest ethnic group in China, at about 92% of the population, are often referred to as \"Chinese\" or \"ethnic Chinese\" in English, however there are dozens of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2315899", "score": "1.0144899", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "that China referred to itself as Zhonghua in response to a European who asked why Chinese used the term guizi to refer to all Europeans. In the 20th century after the May Fourth Movement, educated students began to spread the concept of \"Zhōnghuá\" (/), which represented the people, including 56 minority ethnic groups and the Han Chinese, with a single culture identifying themselves as \"Chinese\". The Republic of China and the People's Republic of China both used the title \"Zhōnghuá\" in their official names. Thus, \"Zhōngguó\" became the common name for both governments. Overseas Chinese are referred to as \"huáqiáo\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534071", "score": "1.0113692", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "was in the Western Zhou on a ritual vessel known as He zun. It is formed by combining the characters zhōng (中) meaning \"central\" or \"middle\", and guó (國/国), representing \"state\" or \"states\"; in contemporary usage, \"nation\". Prior to the Qin unification of China \"Zhongguo\" referred to the \"Central States\"; the connotation was the primacy of a culturally distinct core area, centered on the Yellow River valley, as distinguished from the tribal periphery. In later periods, however, \"Zhongguo\" was not used in this sense. Dynastic names were used for the state in Imperial China and concepts of the state aside", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "China (Vangelis album)", "text": "What is happening there is miraculous, it touches me\". He \"tried to capture in this record China as I feel it, with its peculiar character, its perfume. I find certain resemblances between the music of China and the music of Greece. Of course, I find a lot of musical similarities all around the world\", but \"I didn't try to do Chinese folk music. I'm not Chinese, but I did something that I felt had this characteristic colour of Chinese music\". The thematic concepts noted in the sleeve range from; \"Chung Kuo\" (Wade-Giles romanization of \"Zhongguo\") means \"China\" (or literally \"Middle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3337238", "score": "1.0047282", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "traditional name that China has used to refer to itself is “Zhonggou\". Missionaries Matteo Ricci and John Livingston Nevius preached in China in different dynasties. In their Record, Chinese people often called themselves \"Chung kwoh\"; the word meaning \"middle kingdom\". (\"\"'s transcription in the formerly common Wade–Giles romanization scheme is , reflecting the phonetic realization as in Standard Mandarin.) That is a very common word in both writing and speaking, and may be used with the name of the dynasty. Many case studies have proved that there were times China call itself “ Zhongguo ”in Chinese history and historical sites.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534057", "score": "0.9961014", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Zhongyongdao", "text": "Zhongyongdao Zhongyongdao (中庸道 \"Way of the Golden Mean\") is a Chinese folk religious sect that as of the 1980s was a proscribed religion in China as testified by the arrest of one of its leaders, Tang Tianxu, in Sichuan in 1981. Tang Tianxu was a leader of Zhongyingdao who was arrested in the Kaijiang County of Sichuan in 1981. It is not known what sentence he received. According to an official report, in June of that year Tang gathered a \"Thunder Patriarch Assembly\", a religious gathering, binding together over ten thousands sticks of incense to create one great \"heavenly incense\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19389220", "score": "0.98912305", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Chungcheng", "text": "named \"Zhongzheng\" are now located in Taiwan. In Chinese, \"zhongzheng\" simply means \"upright\", and there are some usages which predate Chiang Kai-shek, such as \"\"zhongzheng\"\" (中正), a term describing a government official of the nine-rank system in imperial China. In Japanese history, the same characters (\"中正\") are used in names such as the organisation \"Chuuseikai\" (中正会), which are also unrelated to Chiang. Chungcheng Zhongzheng or Chungcheng () is a common name for places, roads, schools or organizations in Chinese-speaking areas, though today predominantly in Taiwan. The majority of these places and things are named after Chiang Chung-cheng, the preferred given", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3236487", "score": "0.98855174", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Conquest dynasty", "text": "definition of \"Zhongguo\" and made it \"flexible\" by using that term to refer to the entire Empire and using that term to other countries in diplomatic correspondence. However, some Han Chinese subjects criticized their usage of the term and used \"Zhongguo\" only to refer to the seventeen provinces of China and three provinces of the east (Manchuria), excluding other frontier areas. Ming loyalist Han literati held to defining the old Ming borders as China and using \"foreigner\" to describe minorities under Qing rule such as the Mongols, as part of their anti-Qing ideology. Due to the Qing using treaties clarifying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12445536", "score": "0.9832821", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "China proper", "text": "newly brought into the Manchu Qing empire. In the early 19th century, Wei Yuan’s \"Shengwuji\" (Military History of the Qing Dynasty) calls the inner Asian polities \"guo\", while the seventeen provinces of the traditional heartland, that is, \"China proper,\" and three eastern provinces of Manchuria are called \"\"Zhongguo\".\" Some Han Chinese Ming loyalists refused to use Zhongguo to refer to areas outside the borders of the Ming Empire such as outer Mongolia, in effect refusing to acknowledge the Qing state. The Manchu Qing referred to the Han Chinese inhabited 18 provinces as \"nèidì shíbā shěng\" (), which meant the \"interior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "658006", "score": "0.97911406", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "Names of China The names of China include the many contemporary and historical appellations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as \"Zhōngguó\" (/) in its official language. China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became popular in the mid 19th century. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit. It is also generally thought that the ultimate source of the name China is the Chinese word \"Qin\" (), the name of the dynasty that unified", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534053", "score": "0.9785458", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "that comes from the Xia dynasty. From the Qin to Ming dynasty literati discussed \"Zhongguo\" as both a historical place or territory and as a culture. Writers of the Ming period in particular used the term as a political tool to express opposition to expansionist policies that incorporated foreigners into the empire. In contrast foreign conquerors typically avoided discussions of \"Zhongguo\" and instead defined membership in their empires to include both Han and non-Han peoples. \"Zhongguo\" appeared in a formal international legal document for the first time during the Qing dynasty in the Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689. The term was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534060", "score": "0.97780037", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Zhongxiang", "text": "Zhongxiang Zhongxiang () is a county-level city of Jingmen, central Hubei province, People's Republic of China. The name \"Zhongxiang\" means \"Blessed with propitious omen\", and was given to the city by the Jiajing Emperor in the Ming dynasty. Zhongxiang is one of the cradles of Chu culture. It was the alternate capital of the Chu state in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Because the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1566) of the Ming dynasty was born and had lived in the city before he succeeded to the throne, Zhongxiang, the place where the Chengtian Prefecture (\"fu\") Government", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5109529", "score": "0.9772169", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "from Han areas and administration, it was the Manchu Qing Emperors who expanded the definition of Zhongguo () and made it \"flexible\" by using that term to refer to the entire Empire and using that term to other countries in diplomatic correspondence, while some Han Chinese subjects criticized their usage of the term and the Han literati Wei Yuan used Zhongguo only to refer to the seventeen provinces of China and three provinces of the east (Manchuria), excluding other frontier areas. Due to Qing using treaties clarifying the international borders of the Qing state, it was able to inculcate in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534067", "score": "0.97450423", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Zhong (surname)", "text": "to Zhong. Zhong Jie can be considered as the forefather of the Zhong family. Zhong (surname) Zhong is pinyin transliteration of several Chinese surnames, including Zhōng (鍾/钟), Zhòng (种, ) and Zhòng (仲), etc.. These are also transliterated as Chung (especially in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia). Sometimes it's transliterated as Cheong or Choong in Malaysia. In Indonesia it's transliterated as Tjung. Zhōng (鍾/钟) is the 54th most common last name in China. People surnamed Zhong are the descendents of Tang of Shang. During the Zhou Dynasty, a descendent of Tang of Shang, Wei Zi Qi was made the duke", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10304137", "score": "0.97392154", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Zhong (surname)", "text": "Zhong (surname) Zhong is pinyin transliteration of several Chinese surnames, including Zhōng (鍾/钟), Zhòng (种, ) and Zhòng (仲), etc.. These are also transliterated as Chung (especially in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia). Sometimes it's transliterated as Cheong or Choong in Malaysia. In Indonesia it's transliterated as Tjung. Zhōng (鍾/钟) is the 54th most common last name in China. People surnamed Zhong are the descendents of Tang of Shang. During the Zhou Dynasty, a descendent of Tang of Shang, Wei Zi Qi was made the duke of Song (south of Shanqiu, Henan). A few generations later, Song Heng Gong had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10304135", "score": "0.97270256", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Zhongxiang", "text": "fruit production. Zhongxiang Zhongxiang () is a county-level city of Jingmen, central Hubei province, People's Republic of China. The name \"Zhongxiang\" means \"Blessed with propitious omen\", and was given to the city by the Jiajing Emperor in the Ming dynasty. Zhongxiang is one of the cradles of Chu culture. It was the alternate capital of the Chu state in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Because the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1566) of the Ming dynasty was born and had lived in the city before he succeeded to the throne, Zhongxiang, the place where the Chengtian Prefecture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5109536", "score": "0.969522", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "3789 Zhongguo", "text": "3789 Zhongguo 3789 Zhongguo, provisional designation \", is a resonant asteroid from outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered in 1928 by Chinese astronomer Zhang Yuzhe at the Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, in the United States. Originally named \"China\", the asteroid became lost and its name was transferred to another asteroid. After its re-discovery in 1986, it was named Zhongguo, which is the Chinese word for \"China\". The T/Xk-type asteroid is the namesake of the resonant Zhongguo group, located in the asteroid belt's Hecuba gap. It has a short rotation period of 3.8", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11771411", "score": "0.9663745", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "also commonly found on medieval maps. However, the Chinese themselves considered \"Manzi\" to be derogatory and never used it as a self appellation. Names of China The names of China include the many contemporary and historical appellations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as \"Zhōngguó\" (/) in its official language. China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became popular in the mid 19th century. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit. It is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534107", "score": "0.95811856", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "China but also existed as a state for many centuries prior. There are however other alternative suggestions for the origin of the word. Chinese names for China, aside from \"Zhongguo\", include \"Zhōnghuá\" (/), \"Huáxià\" (/), \"Shénzhōu\" () and \"Jiǔzhōu\" (). \"Hàn\" (/) and \"Táng\" () are common names given for the Chinese ethnicity. The People's Republic of China () and Republic of China () are the official names for the two contemporary sovereign states currently claiming sovereignty over the traditional area of China. \"Mainland China\" is used to refer to areas under the jurisdiction by the PRC usually excluding Hong", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534054", "score": "0.9560044", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "China National Traditional Orchestra", "text": "experience\" with storytelling, lighting and sound special effects, multimedia backdrops, and moving scenery. The China National Traditional Orchestra has been known by several English names over the years, largely due to challenges with Chinese translation. The orchestra's Chinese name is pronounced in Chinese as \"Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Mínzú Yuètuán\", where \"Zhōngguó\" means \"China,\" \"zhōngyāng\" means \"central,\" and \"mínzú yuètuán\" means \"ethnic nationalities\" orchestra. In English-speaking countries, the has been misidentified as other similarly named Chinese orchestras. The orchestra has also been referred to by different names within the same news article and in the orchestra's own promotional materials. English variants of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14144791", "score": "0.95355606", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Zhongyuan", "text": "term \"Zhongyuan\" refers to Chinese civilization and China proper, regions directly governed by centralized Chinese governments and dynasties. However, when used to describe the Chinese civilization, Zhongyuan often connotes Huaxia and Han Chinese cultural dominance. The Dungans, a Chinese-affiliated ethnic group, are referred to using terms linked to \"Zhongyuan\". Zhongyuan Zhongyuan (), Chungyuan, or the Central Plain, also known as Zhongtu (), Chungtu or Zhongzhou (), Chungchou, is the area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization. It forms part of the North China Plain. In its narrowest sense, the Central Plain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10940007", "score": "0.9533213", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Names of China", "text": "and it was used in literature as well as by ordinary Chinese. But with the overthrow of the Qing in 1911, most Chinese dropped \"Shina\" as foreign and demanded that even Japanese replace it with \"Zhonghua minguo\" or simply \"Zhongguo\". Liang went on to argue that the concept of \"tianxia\" had to be abandoned in favor of \"guojia\", that is, \"nation,\" for which he accepted the term \"Zhongguo\". After the founding of the Chinese Republic in 1912, \"Zhongguo\" was also adopted as the abbreviation of \"Zhonghua minguo\". Qing official Zhang Deyi objected to the western European name \"China\" and said", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1534070", "score": "0.95284367", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Zhongshan (state)", "text": "the term Zhongshan begins somewhat before the term Xianyu ends. Zhongshan, meaning central mountains, is first mentioned in 506BC, by a Jin minister, as a hostile neighboring state. The last mention of the Xianyu, meanwhile, is in 489BC, when Zhao Yang, a Jin minister, leads a military campaign against them. There are three reasons Zhongshan is often considered a continuation of Xianyu: Both had similar relationships with Qi and Jin, the two states were located in almost exactly the same place, and there is no historical record of Xianyu being conquered. It is considered possible that the name change marks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4085109", "score": "0.94539297", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Rose Laurens", "Fantine", "the character Fantine" ]

[ { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream (album)", "text": "the show at the city's Clyde Auditorium, she said that she aspired to become a professional singer \"as successful as Elaine Paige\". Boyle sang \"I Dreamed a Dream\" from \"Les Misérables\" in the first round of the third series of \"Britain's Got Talent\", which was watched by over 10 million viewers when it aired on 11 April 2009. Programme judge Amanda Holden remarked upon the audience's initially cynical attitude, and the subsequent \"biggest wake-up call ever\" upon hearing her performance. This performance was widely reported and tens of millions of people viewed the video on YouTube. Boyle was \"absolutely gobsmacked\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13762467", "score": "1.3066986", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Susan Boyle", "text": "April 2009. Programme judge Amanda Holden remarked upon the audience's initially cynical attitude, and the subsequent \"biggest wake-up call ever\" upon hearing her performance. Boyle was \"absolutely gobsmacked\" by the strength of the reaction to her appearance. Afterwards, Paige expressed interest in singing a duet with Boyle, and called her \"a role model for everyone who has a dream\". Boyle's rendition of \"I Dreamed a Dream\" was credited with causing a surge in ticket sales in the Vancouver production of \"Les Misérables\". Cameron Mackintosh, the producer of the musical, also praised the performance, as thrilling and uplifting\". Boyle was one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13250058", "score": "1.2739016", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Alun Armstrong", "text": "throughout and also a little operatic; I didn't think it would be very popular.\" He left the production after a year because he became bored with the repetition and wanted to move on to other things. He sings on \"Original London Cast Recording\". He reprised the role, paired with Jenny Galloway as Mme. Thénardier, in \"Les Misérables - The Dream Cast in Concert\" at the Royal Albert Hall in October 1995, which was filmed and released on DVD. He also appeared in the 25th anniversary concert, though Matt Lucas performed the role of Thénardier. Armstrong received nominations in two categories", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5596625", "score": "1.1736939", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "I dreamed\". Other male singers who have recorded the song include rock singer David Essex on his 1987 album \"Centre Stage\", \"Phantom of the Opera\" star Michael Crawford on his 1987 album \"The Phantom Unmasked\" and on his 1992 release \"With Love\", LuPone's \"Evita\" co-star Mandy Patinkin on his 1994 album \"Experiment\" and British theater star Michael Ball (Marius in the Original London production of \"Les Mis\") on his 1996 album \"The Musicals\". In 1991, Aretha Franklin included a version of the song on her album \"What You See is What You Sweat.\" Although not released as a single, Franklin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8592888", "score": "1.1677377", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream: The Susan Boyle Story", "text": "well as a very special performance of the song that launched her to global superstardom; \"I Dreamed A Dream,\" with the London West End cast of Les Misérables. Produced by Steve Mac, ‘I Dreamed A Dream’ features her signature songs, \"I Dreamed A Dream\" and \"Cry Me A River.\" The album also includes a haunting rendition of Rolling Stones’ \"Wild Horses,\" Madonna’s \"You’ll See,\" The Monkees’ ‘Daydream Believer,’ and \"Who I Was Born To Be,\" an original recording written specially for Susan. Susan enthused: \"It was my greatest ambition to release an album and I have finally achieved it. There", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14791815", "score": "1.1634469", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "a compilation, and the title track to the Australian album, Lucy Maunder sang the song for ABC Classics \"I Dreamed a Dream: The Hit Songs of Broadway\" The song had a resurgence in popularity in 2009 when Scottish singer Susan Boyle performed it as her audition for the third series of the British reality television programme \"Britain's Got Talent.\" Boyle's performance elicited a unanimous vote for passage into the next round of competition by judges Piers Morgan, Amanda Holden and Simon Cowell, with Morgan giving Boyle \"the biggest yes [he had] ever given\" in his three years of judging the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8592893", "score": "1.1533223", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Jacqueline Dark", "text": "world premiere of \"Lindy\" and the title role in \"Iolanthe\" for Opera Australia, and covered the role of Pearl in the world premiere of Richard Mills' \"Summer of the Seventeenth Doll\". She appeared as a soloist with groups including the Melbourne Chorale, the Australian Opera and Ballet Orchestra (concert series), Orchestra Victoria, the Australian National Academy of Music, the Royal Philharmonic Society and the Queensland Symphony Orchestra. She joined the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra along with Trisha Crowe, Michael Falzon, Amanda Harrison and others to record \"I Dreamed a Dream: Hit Songs from Broadway\" for ABC Classics in 2013. Major roles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10652554", "score": "1.1413398", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert", "text": "is known as the \"Dream Cast in Concert\" because Mackintosh hand-selected the cast. Colm Wilkinson reprised his role as Valjean after starring in the original West End and Broadway productions. Philip Quast was cast as Inspector Javert after the producers of the show witnessed his performance in a musical production in his hometown in Australia. Wilkinson and Quast are widely recognized as the \"Dream Casting\" of the idolized roles of Valjean and Javert. This presentation uses a \"modernised\" and more heavily orchestrated score than that of the original musical. It follows the traditional \"musicals-in-concert\" format with the cast lined up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10523225", "score": "1.1255507", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Trisha Crowe", "text": "Zhivago\"), Andy Conaghan (\"Oklahoma!\"), Jacqui Dark and others to record \"I Dreamed A Dream: The Hit Songs Of Broadway\" for ABC Classics, released on 21 June 2013, in which she sang: Trisha Crowe Trisha Alexandra Crowe is an Australian Classical Pop soprano. She has achieved success as a solo guest artist in concerts with Australian symphony orchestras and in musical theatre. Classical pop soprano, Trisha Crowe, blends the technique and tone of classical music with the songs and performance skills of a modern pop diva. She \"literally sparkles on stage\" (Canberra Times, 2012) and \"knows how to connect with her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14289916", "score": "1.1201985", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\" is a song from the musical Les Misérables. It is a solo that is sung by the character Fantine during the first act. The music is by Claude-Michel Schönberg, with orchestrations by John Cameron. The English lyrics are by Neil Diamond And Herbert Kretzmer, based on the original French libretto by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel from the original French production.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert", "text": "in the opening number \"Look Down\". The programme ends with an encore in which seventeen international actors who portray Jean Valjean in their respective countries join Wilkinson on stage to each sing a few bars of \"Do You Hear the People Sing?\" in their native languages. They are then joined by the entire cast and choir to sing the last verse of \"One Day More\", receiving a standing ovation. Red, white, and blue balloons, as well as confetti, fall from the ceiling; sparklers erupt on stage as the show finishes. The following are the seventeen Valjeans who participated in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10523228", "score": "1.1201673", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Michael Ball (singer)", "text": "Michael Ball (singer) Michael Ashley Ball, OBE (born 27 June 1962) is an English actor, singer and broadcaster, who is known for his work in musical theatre. He made his West End debut in 1985 playing Marius in the original London production of \"Les Misérables\", and went on to star in 1987 as Raoul in \"The Phantom of the Opera\". In 1989, he reached number two in the UK Singles Chart with \"Love Changes Everything\", a song taken from the musical \"Aspects of Love\", where he played Alex. He played the role in London and on Broadway. In 1992, Ball", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3393272", "score": "1.1107812", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Samantha Hill (actress)", "text": "from fans of the show. Samantha Hill (actress) Samantha Hill (born in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian actress and singer who is most known for having starred in the Broadway shows \"Les Misérables\" and \"The Phantom of the Opera\". Samantha began her career early by participating in musical and theatrical projects at her church. As a teenager, she was trained in ballet, jazz, theatre, and musical theatre. She trained as an actor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, where she graduated from the Bachelor of Fine Arts Acting program with distinction, and at the University of Winnipeg, where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19282635", "score": "1.1073387", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "the \"Tenth Anniversary Concert Recording\" (1995). A Broadway revival in 2006 featured Daphne Rubin-Vega (2006–07), Lea Salonga (2007), and Judy Kuhn (2007–08). Lea Salonga sang it for the in London (2010). The show, and the song, has been translated into twenty-one languages, including Japanese, Hebrew, Icelandic, Norwegian, Czech, Polish, Spanish, and Estonian, and there have been 31 cast recordings featuring the song. The London cast version is Triple Platinum in the UK, for sales of more than 900,000, and Platinum in the U.S., for sales of more than one million. The Broadway cast version is Quadruple Platinum in the U.S.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8592886", "score": "1.1058568", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "\"Daydream\". Kika Edgar recorded a Spanish cover titled \"Un sueño que alguna vez soñé/A dream I once dreamed\" for her album \"Broadway\". In 2011, Celtic Woman performed \"I Dreamed a Dream\" as part of their 2011 \"Believe\" tour, recorded by PBS at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta. The song was one of two songs sung as \"A Tribute to Broadway\", the other song being \"Circle of Life\" from the Disney movie \"The Lion King\". The song, which was only released on DVD and as part of the television special, was sung by Lisa Kelly and Chloë Agnew. As part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8592892", "score": "1.1057965", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Alistair Brammer", "text": "it to the final 20 contestants, although he was not selected to be on the show. However, \"Any Dream Will Do\" judge Bill Kenwright asked him to appear in the 2008–2009 UK tour of \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\", where he played Zebulon and understudied both Benjamin and Joseph. In 2009, he made his West End debut as Marius in \"Les Miserables\", where he spent 18 months in the role. He said of \"Les Mis\", \"I should be sick to death of the show, but I can't get over it. It's my favourite.\" He also played the role of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17306578", "score": "1.1041305", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Susan Boyle", "text": "performance on the show was the first time she had sung in public since her mother died. In August 2008, Boyle applied for an audition for the third series of \"Britain's Got Talent\" (as contestant number 43212) and was accepted after a preliminary audition in Glasgow. When Boyle first appeared on \"Britain's Got Talent\" at the city's Clyde Auditorium, she said that she aspired to become a professional singer \"as successful as Elaine Paige\". Boyle sang \"I Dreamed a Dream\" from \"Les Misérables\" in the first round, which was watched by over 10 million viewers when it aired on 11", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13250057", "score": "1.1005875", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Les Misérables (2012 film)", "text": "the novel, Gavroche lives in the decaying monument. On-location filming also took place at Gourdon, Alpes-Maritimes in France. Footage of Hathaway singing \"I Dreamed a Dream\", a song from the musical, was shown at CinemaCon 26 April 2012. Russell Crowe confirmed 5 June 2012, on Twitter that he had finished filming. He was later followed by Samantha Barks, confirming that all of her scenes had too been completed. Jackman stated that all filming had been completed 23 June 2012. Some late filming occurred in Bath, Somerset, in October 2012 where stunt shots for Javert's suicide scene had to be reshot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15900564", "score": "1.0917907", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Any Dream Will Do (TV series)", "text": "in the national tour of \"Joseph\". In January/February 2009 Hansen played the lead role of Joseph for Bill Kenwright. Hansen joined the west end cast of \"Les Misérables\" in June 2009 in the ensemble and first cover Marius. July 2009 saw Hansen and fellow \"Any Dream Will Do\" contestant Craig Chalmers finish recording their 2nd album together with BK Productions – \"Saturday Night at the Movies\". Lewis Bradley was contracted by Lloyd Webber to play Joseph at the Adelphi Theatre during Mead's holiday absence, and possibly for an additional performance a week. Meanwhile, Ben James-Ellis (Ben Ellis, who adopted the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9582560", "score": "1.0801024", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ben James-Ellis", "text": "Lewis Bradley with Ellis having received the lowest number of viewers votes. In the sing-off, they sang \"I Dreamed a Dream\" from the musical \"Les Misérables\". This time though Lloyd Webber chose to save Bradley and Ellis was finally eliminated from the show at the semi-final stage, finishing the series in fourth place. On 15 June 2007, he appeared as the \"Coat of Cash Wearing Celebrity\" on \"The Friday Night Project\" on Channel 4. He also appeared on \"The Paul O'Grady Show\" in 2007. On 3 December 2007 Ben performed with the cast of Hairspray at the Royal Variety Performance,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10334180", "score": "1.07881", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Samantha Hill (actress)", "text": "Samantha Hill (actress) Samantha Hill (born in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian actress and singer who is most known for having starred in the Broadway shows \"Les Misérables\" and \"The Phantom of the Opera\". Samantha began her career early by participating in musical and theatrical projects at her church. As a teenager, she was trained in ballet, jazz, theatre, and musical theatre. She trained as an actor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, where she graduated from the Bachelor of Fine Arts Acting program with distinction, and at the University of Winnipeg, where she earned her Bachelor of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19282633", "score": "1.0781374", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Randy Graff", "text": "which included \"I Dreamed a Dream\", also on the soundtrack released in 1990. According to Graff, she was the first person to sing \"I Dreamed a Dream\" in the United States of America. She has also appeared in Broadway revivals of the musicals \"Damn Yankees\" and \"Fiddler on the Roof\". Randy Graff Randy Lynn Graff (born May 23, 1955) is an American actress. Graff was born in Brooklyn, New York and is a graduate of Wagner College. She is a cousin of actors Todd Graff and Ilene Graff. Graff has been in feature films such as \"Keys to Tulsa\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7468417", "score": "1.0743794", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Dream On (Glee)", "text": "a point that their dreams will never come true. Having failed to realize his own dreams, he intends to cut the glee club. Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) convinces him that it is not too late to pursue his dreams and sings \"Piano Man\" with him. They both audition for the role of Jean Valjean in the local production of \"Les Misérables\", singing \"Dream On\" as a duet. Bryan decides not to cut the glee club, and even presents them with new costumes and sheet music, but changes his mind when cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) announces", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14472470", "score": "1.0741476", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Les Misérables (2012 film)", "text": "have hammering close-ups, combined with woozy insecurity each time more than two people are in the frame. ...too little in this frenzied mess of a film registers because Hooper is trying to make everything register at the same nutty pitch.\" Some specific performances were reviewed very positively. Anne Hathaway's performance of ballad \"I Dreamed a Dream\" was met with praise, with many comparing its showstopper-like quality to Jennifer Hudson's performance of \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" from \"Dreamgirls\". Christopher Orr of \"The Atlantic\" wrote that \"Hathaway gives it everything she has, beginning in quiet sorrow before building", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15900580", "score": "1.0739424", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Les Misérables (musical)", "text": "We would like this to be the final version.'\" Two songs were deleted—the complete version of Gavroche's song \"Little People\" and the adult Cosette's \"I Saw Him Once\". A short section at the beginning of \"In My Life\" replaced \"I Saw Him Once\". The lyrics in Javert's \"Stars\" were changed. It now ended with the line, \"This I swear by the stars!\", while the London production and cast recording ended with the repeated line, \"Keeping watch in the night\". The original Broadway cast included Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, David Bryant as Marius, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Michael Maguire as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1793692", "score": "1.073933", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert", "text": "Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert (1995), also titled Les Misérables in Concert, is a concert version of the musical \"Les Misérables\", produced to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the West End production. It was filmed in October 1995 at the Royal Albert Hall and released on DVD, VHS and LD in 1998 and re-released on DVD in North America in 2008. The latest DVD presents the concert in its original 16x9 ratio. Although filmed with HD cameras, a Blu-ray edition has not been released yet. The 10th Anniversary cast stars Colm", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10523223", "score": "1.0716485", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "in 2001, Canadian singer-songwriter Allison Crowe in 2005, and Broadway actress Susan Egan in 2008. British actress and singer Marti Webb performed the song on her album \"Performance\" (1989). In 2008, Italian rock noir band Belladonna covered the song in their London show. In 2010, popera singer Rose Jang covered the song for her digital album \"Songs of Hope\" by Mnet Media. The song was covered on the \"Glee\" episode \"Dream On\" by Shelby Corcoran and Rachel Berry, portrayed by Idina Menzel and Lea Michele respectively. This song took the place of a meeting between Shelby and Rachel, who found", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8592890", "score": "1.0637794", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "peaked in the Irish Singles Chart at number 26, the Dutch Top 100 at number 58, and the Spanish Singles Chart at number 21. The song is also atop the iTunes Top Soundtrack Songs in Romania since January, 2013, where the song sold over 6,000 digital copies. is Tomomi Kahara's twenty-seventh single and first in over seven years. \"Yume Yaburete\" is the Japanese version of \"I Dreamed a Dream\" from the musical Les Misérables. The Japanese lyrics were written by lyricist and translator Tokiko Iwatani. Despite being famously sung by Hiromi Iwasaki, the Japanese rendition of \"I Dreamed a Dream\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8592900", "score": "1.0635251", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "The Dream Engine", "text": "productions, including \"Les Misérables\", \"Little Shop of Horrors\", \"Dance of the Vampires\" (as a backup for Michael Crawford), \"Hello, Dolly!\", \"Jesus Christ Superstar\", \"Chess\" and many others. Most notably, he played the title roles in the original Broadway production of \"Jekyll & Hyde\", continuing for over 600 performances. Evan has also been a featured vocalist for the Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Adrienne Warren was a vocalist for TDE. She and/or Rob Evan sang lead vocals on almost every song that TDE performed. Adrienne has also performed for Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Elaine Caswell was a vocalist for TDE, doing primarily backup vocals. She has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8535349", "score": "1.0614939", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "I Dreamed a Dream", "text": "has performed the song at various venues, including the 1993 inaugural celebration for U.S. President Bill Clinton. In the film \"The Commitments\" (1991), one of the girls auditioning for the titular band sings \"I Dreamed a Dream\" as her audition song. Other female singers who have recorded versions of the song include English singer and stage actress Elaine Paige, from a 1993 performance at Birmingham Symphony Hall which was included on her 1995 album, \"Encore\", original \"Annie\" title cast member Andrea McArdle in the 1996 recording \"On Broadway\", New Zealand singer Hayley Westenra and British pop star Petula Clark, each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8592889", "score": "1.0501777", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

[ "walkie-talkie and earpiece" ]

[ { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "or Melewski will announce a Red Light Challenge. He or she reads a question that has multiple correct answers – usually four to seven – and the passenger(s) have 30 seconds to give those answers; they do not always have to give all of the answers. Since there is no penalty for an incorrect answer, giving all the correct answers in the allotted time is worth $250 – or $500 during Double Ride games – regardless of how many incorrect answers a contestant might also blurt out along the way. The contestant does not receive the extra $250 (or $500)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608655", "score": "1.1510868", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (UK game show)", "text": "quiz will be taking place in the cab, so although the \"pick-ups\" are not as random as they appear on screen, the contestants are genuinely surprised when the taxi turns out to be the \"Cash Cab\". (This differs from some editions, most notably the Canadian and American versions, wherein the contestants are generally chosen at random and are usually asked on camera if they wish to play or not once the rules are explained to them.) The contestants tell the driver their destination before getting into the taxi and are not allowed to change it. They'll then have the distance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15128515", "score": "1.1319721", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (UK game show)", "text": "they'll need to travel to answer questions. The first five questions are relatively easy and worth £10 each, the next five are a little harder and worth £50, the next seven, even harder and worth £100, and any question after that is worth £500. If the contestant gets three questions wrong, they'll lose the money they have won up to that point and must leave the cab immediately. The host of \"Cash Cab\", John Moody, is a genuine qualified taxi driver, and has an easygoing presenting style. Cash Cab (UK game show) Cash Cab is a game show that aired", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15128516", "score": "1.1151412", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Japanese game show)", "text": "Canadian versions' Video Bonus, where they may risk their winnings on a final double-or-nothing question. If the players opt to take the chance, they pick one of three envelopes, each containing a different question which may vary greatly in difficulty. Like international versions, correctly answering the question doubles the player's winnings, while failing to do so means the player leaves empty-handed. Cash Cab (Japanese game show) Unlike most international versions, the value of each question is based on the number of correct answers, instead of the number of questions asked: The show uses video game-style \"lives\" instead of strikes; players", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15946321", "score": "1.1023974", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (UK game show)", "text": "Cash Cab (UK game show) Cash Cab is a game show that aired on ITV in the United Kingdom from 13 June 2005 to 29 June 2006. The original programme that launched the worldwide \"Cash Cab\" franchise, it was hosted by John Moody. The questions were asked in voice over style by Annabel Raftery. The show's host initially poses as an ordinary taxi driver and drives around the major cities of the United Kingdom in a cab. The show pays its passengers for correctly answering standard general knowledge questions. Contestants are recruited in advance but are not told that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15128514", "score": "1.099504", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Each wrong answer earns the contestant(s) a strike. On the third strike, they forfeit all their winnings and Bailey or Melewski will immediately pull over and kick them out of the cab. Once players have exited the Cash Cab, a camera crew from the trailing production van is already on the street waiting to tape their departure. When a contestant has won at least $200 or $300 in a normal game or an After Dark game - or at least $400 or $600 on a Double Ride - and the cab is forced to stop at a traffic light, Bailey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608654", "score": "1.0965247", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Australian game show)", "text": "Kerley. Contestants are asked several trivia questions (mainly music questions) in various verbal, audio and video based questions for the duration of their taxi trip. After being asked 5 questions, players are asked to choose \"The Loot or the Boot\". Contestants have the opportunity to keep \"the loot\" they have won so far, or trade it all, depending on how many questions they answered correctly, for what is in \"the boot\". Boot prizes may be worth substantially more or substantially less than their current winnings. By choosing \"the boot,\" the contestant's winnings are reset to $0 and the prize is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15944715", "score": "1.0733336", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "its content. If the question is answered correctly, the contestant(s) win double what they have earned so far, but if they are wrong, they lose all of their money \"at the very last moment\", as Bailey says, and \"leave with nothing but a cab ride\". Beginning in Season 4, this rarely occurring part of the show happens when randomly selected passengers are able to win double the amount of money of a normal game. The first four questions are worth $100, the second four are worth $200 and the rest until the end of the game are worth $400. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608659", "score": "1.0704111", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Australian game show)", "text": "to walk away with what cash they have won, or to sit and watch a video clip and be asked an observation-based question. If they answer correctly, they walk away with double the winnings of the trip. If they get it wrong, they walk away with nothing. Cash Cab (Australian game show) Cash Cab is an Australian music trivia game show hosted by James Kerley, except for the third season, where he was replaced by Charlie Pickering. It is part of the global Cash Cab franchise that originated in the United Kingdom. The first two seasons of the series were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15944717", "score": "1.0688865", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "A support van tails the Cash Cab, containing producers and a camera crew for the various street shots. The staff provide logistical information and questions by way of a walkie-talkie and earpiece worn by the host. The Cash Cab is equipped with ten cameras: one on the host, three on the passengers, one pointing forward from the back window of the cab, and three (front, left and right) in the advertising shell on the roof of the cab showing the passing streetscape. The rear of the cab behind the seats contains ten recording decks and other production equipment.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Street Shout-Out is included on a Double Ride. In the revived Cash Cab, the Mobile Shout-Out was replaced by the Social Media Shout-Out, in which Ben activates Facebook Live so that those on the site may help the contestant. Should the passenger(s) reach the destination without striking out, Bailey/Melewski offers a choice: the option of leaving the cab and keeping the prize money that they have won, or they can stay and try to double their money by risking it all on a Video Bonus question. Bailey/Melewski plays a video clip and asks the contestant(s) a single question based on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608658", "score": "1.0686404", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Japanese game show)", "text": "Cash Cab (Japanese game show) Unlike most international versions, the value of each question is based on the number of correct answers, instead of the number of questions asked: The show uses video game-style \"lives\" instead of strikes; players start with three lives and lose one with each incorrect answer, and losing all three prompts the driver to pull over and kick the players out empty-handed. Players are given three \"Rescue Chances\", which are the counterpart to the US and Canadian versions' \"Shout-Outs\": At the end of the game, contestants are offered a \"Double-Up Chance\" similar to the US and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15946320", "score": "1.065976", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "play, and contestants who choose to play the game must stay in the cab until they reach their destination or get three strikes. For the first two seasons, the first four questions were worth $25 each, the next four questions were worth $50 each, and any question thereafter was worth $100. In \"Cash Cab: After Dark\" - and beginning with the regular episodes of Season 3 - all of the money values were doubled to $50, $100 and $200. Beginning in the fourth season, some games were designated as Double Ride games, making the question values $100, $200 and $400.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608653", "score": "1.0517266", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "the cab, and three (front, left and right) in the advertising shell on the roof of the cab showing the passing streetscape. The rear of the cab behind the seats contains ten recording decks and other production equipment. The lighting and the music that go off when contestants enter the cab consist of a switchboard that is connected to an iPod and the car stereo. The Video Bonus monitor is a DVD player that is embedded to the back of the front passenger seat. Some contestants are randomly picked as they walk along the sidewalk, while others are selected in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608666", "score": "1.0419743", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Cab as ceiling lights and a fanfare plays inside, accompanied by the host's greeting. While the only rules given on-camera after the introduction and before asking \"Do you want to play?\" pertain to his or her driving and the \"three strikes and you're out\" rule, the contestants are also informed that once their traveling begins, the cab will not take detours of any kind unless directed by a police officer, stop sign, traffic light or other legal means of diverting traffic. Bailey or Melewski offers them the chance to get out of the cab if they do not wish to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608652", "score": "1.0391991", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "advance. Even so, those picked in advance are told that the cab is supposed to take them to the show on which they will appear. The cab turns out to be the show itself. Near the end of the game at the player's destination Ben Bailey or Beth Melewski appears to present the cash won. In reality, this cash is a prop and used for on-air purposes only. The winnings, which must be taxed, are sent via check. The Cash Cab in New York is a Toyota Sienna minivan with the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission call sign", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608667", "score": "1.0314474", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "the band Neon Trees and magicians Penn & Teller. The prizes are sometimes doubled in a \"Double Down Ride\", just like on the regular show. In the event they strike out or miss the Video Bonus question, their charities receive $500, though some celebrities decide to also chip in with the amount of money lost, out of their own pockets. On December 4, 2017, Discovery aired a special Celebrity Edition, where as the unsuspecting passengers hailed the Cash Cab, they were joined by celebrities to help them, featuring \"\" actor Scott Bakula, actor & comedian Gilbert Gottfried, and \"Friends\" actor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608663", "score": "1.0286839", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Contestants who ultimately hailed the Cash Cab were not made aware that they were part of the game until they hired the cab and Bailey informed them of the show and its rules. On August 8, 2007, Discovery Channel began airing a spin-off edition of the program, \"Cash Cab: After Dark\", in which contestants were picked up near or after sunset as well as overnight and the cash value of the questions was double that of the regular version of the show. The questions were usually more difficult than the daytime version. According to \"Variety\", Discovery Channel initially ordered 40", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608648", "score": "1.0221272", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Canadian game show)", "text": "doubles the score for the current question once per session. After returning to Toronto, a high five bonus was added, which doubles the score for the fifth correct answer in a row. The 8th season of Cash Cab aired in 2015, which features a new \"Triple Play\" component, where contestants have a chance to triple their winnings if they go for the Video Bonus Question, and only if they arrive at their destination strike-free. Over 200 episodes have been completed, plus a one-hour special. All episodes of Cash Cab were shot in Canadian cities, with all but 1 season of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15946317", "score": "1.0162636", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "\"1G12\" in the first two seasons and during the After Dark shows. A new cab with the call sign of \"7N78\" has been used since, which also features new headliner lighting. Melewski's Cash Cab is also a Toyota Sienna minivan with the Yellow Taxi call sign \"4472\". As of March 2017, reruns air on Cozi TV and on Game Show Network. The New York City version reruns air on the Quest network in the UK. On October 26, 2009, MGM Television announced that the reruns would begin airing on local stations in September 2010. Stations are allowed the option to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608668", "score": "1.0085521", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Shout-Out, the contestant makes a phone call to someone they choose by means of a cell phone - either provided by Bailey or Melewski - or one belonging to a contestant. The call can take up to a maximum of 15 seconds before the contestant has to give an answer, with the result being either additional money or a strike. The contestant may also elect to use a Street Shout-Out, in which Bailey or Melewski immediately pulls the cab to a curb so that anyone on the sidewalk can be asked for help, without any official time limit. A second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608657", "score": "1.0080822", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Australian game show)", "text": "Cash Cab (Australian game show) Cash Cab is an Australian music trivia game show hosted by James Kerley, except for the third season, where he was replaced by Charlie Pickering. It is part of the global Cash Cab franchise that originated in the United Kingdom. The first two seasons of the series were filmed in Melbourne, with the third being based in Perth and the fourth based in the Gold Coast. The programme airs on the Australian subscription television music channel, Channel V. A parody of this show has appeared on \"Balls of Steel Australia\" which is also hosted by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15944714", "score": "1.0004021", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Canadian game show)", "text": "Challenges\", and the \"double or nothing\" Video Bonus option at the end of each game. However, the Canadian version differs in its heavier focus on questions of science, technology, nature and adventure, as opposed to purely general knowledge. Regular questions are worth $25, $50, $100; while Red Light Challenge questions are worth $75. In the second season, a third \"life line\" was added: when contestants reach the $100 questions, they have the option to \"swap out\" a question, and the Cash Cab dispatcher will give them a new question. In the Cash Cab Vancouver season, bridge bonus was added, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15946316", "score": "0.97527117", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Canadian game show)", "text": "Cash Cab (Canadian game show) Cash Cab is produced by Castlewood Productions and began airing on September 10, 2008 on Discovery Channel (Canada) and Discovery HD. It is hosted by comedian Adam Growe. The game show airs in Canada instead of the American version of the series, which airs on the affiliated US Discovery Channel network. Cash Cab is the English version of the \"Cash Cab\" franchise available in Canada; the French version is called \"Taxi Payant\", and airs on V. The Canadian version closely mirrors the structure of its US counterpart, retaining familiar features like \"Shout Outs\", \"Red Light", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15946315", "score": "0.9729116", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Australian game show)", "text": "theirs to keep, even if they use up their three strikes. On rare occasions, the host may give an opportunity to the contestant to win some of their money back by doing a 30-second dare relating to their substantially less valuable \"boot\" prize. Contestants are entitled to two \"Shout Outs\", one 30 second phone call to a friend on the phone (a \"Mobile Shout-Out\") or to ask a passer-by off the street (a \"Street Shout-Out\") that they are travelling on. When contestants reach their destination, they are asked if they want to \"Double or Nothing\" in which they can choose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15944716", "score": "0.9615241", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Matthew Perry. The show's tagline in the first two seasons was: \"There are 13,000 cabs in New York City, but there's only \"one\" that pays \"you\"!\" Starting in season three, the tagline was modified: \"There are 13,000 cabs in the streets of the Big Apple, but there's only \"one\" that pays \"you\"!\" On \"Cash Cab: After Dark\", the tagline is: \"Every night, 13,000 cabs hit the streets of the city that never sleeps, but there's only \"one\" that pays \"you\"!\" During Season 6 of \"Cash Cab\", a new spin-off series, \"Cash Cab: Chicago\", hosted by comedian Beth Melewski and using", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608664", "score": "0.9581368", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show) Cash Cab (stylized as CA$H CAB) is an American game show that aired new episodes on the Discovery Channel from 2005 to 2012, with new seasons also in 2017 and 2018. It began airing on December 5, 2005, hosted by stand-up comedian Ben Bailey, and aired its last episode on September 28, 2012. The show was revived on December 4, 2017. It is part of the global \"Cash Cab\" franchise that originated in the United Kingdom. While Bailey's show took place in New York City, some episodes of season six took place in Las Vegas.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608647", "score": "0.9517389", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (Canadian game show)", "text": "the Canadian version of \"Cash Cab\". The incident happened while the producer was driving the cab back to the storage facility after filming. A French Canadian version is also aired on V (formerly known as TQS) and is filmed in Montreal. It is known as \"Taxi Payant\" (Paying Taxi) and uses a Dodge Grand Caravan. Comedian Alexandre Barrette is the host. Cash Cab (Canadian game show) Cash Cab is produced by Castlewood Productions and began airing on September 10, 2008 on Discovery Channel (Canada) and Discovery HD. It is hosted by comedian Adam Growe. The game show airs in Canada", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15946319", "score": "0.94938505", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Cash Cab (U.S. game show)", "text": "Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host, winning the award in 2010, 2011 and 2013. \"Cash Cab\" won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show in 2008, 2009 and 2010. In 2013, the show appeared in \"TV Guide\"s list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. Cash Cab (U.S. game show) Cash Cab (stylized as CA$H CAB) is an American game show that aired new episodes on the Discovery Channel from 2005 to 2012, with new seasons also in 2017 and 2018. It began airing on December 5, 2005, hosted by stand-up comedian Ben Bailey, and aired its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608670", "score": "0.91969013", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Tout le monde veut prendre sa place", "text": "who response with a touchscreen and a computer keyboard. Three of the questions are \"Duo\", three question are \"Carré\", and two questions are \"Cash\". Points are awarded as above. The ninth and final question is another \"Cash\" question, but it is different because each contestant receives his or her own question, selected by the champion. The champion is presented with four questions and chooses which contestant will answer orally. A correct answer is worth five points, but a wrong answer loses five points. It is therefore a way for the champion to help the most favorable contestants, the ones the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17546671", "score": "0.9004867", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "May 13, 2018", "October 1, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "lighthearted approach to life-or-death situations. Maybe the biggest change is that 'NCIS: L.A.' achieves its inevitably favorable outcomes with a little more intellect and a little less testosterone.\" IGN stated that although \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\" doesn't exactly reinvent the police procedural... it's another above-average entry, aided by the fact that the people behind the show know what they're doing\" and ultimately gave the episode a 7.7/10. Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" on CBS. On November 5, 2012, Deadline Hollywood reported the first news about a spin-off of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" titled \"NCIS:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091900", "score": "1.1516354", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "series regular the following episode. Rocky Carroll had a recurring role as Leon Vance, the Director of NCIS. Brian Avers appeared in three episodes as Special Agent ; Pauley Perrette appeared in two episodes as Abby Sciuto, the forensic specialist at NCIS headquarters. Eric Christian Olsen guest starred in two episodes as , the NCIS / LAPD Liaison Officer. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series premiere episode, \"\", drew approximately 18.73 million viewers with a 4.4/11 share in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic and therefore won its timeslot. It was the second most watched show of the week, behind the seventh season premiere", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591684", "score": "1.1342838", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "originally planned to have thirteen episodes. On October 7, 2009, after rating as the most watched new show of the Fall 2009 U.S. television season, CBS ordered a full set of 22 episodes, which was extended to 24 episodes on November 4, 2009. The first season was produced by CBS Television Studios and Shane Brennan Productions and aired on the CBS network. The series was created by Shane Brennan as a spin-off from \"NCIS\", which was created by Donald P. Bellisario. Brennan and R. Scott Gemmill served as executive producers. The writers were Brennan, Gemmill, Dave Kalstein, Gil Grant, Speed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591680", "score": "1.1067206", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\" premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and concluded on May 25, 2010. It is the first spin-off series of \"NCIS\". The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of the members of the Office of Special Projects, an undercover division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). The show and its characters were introduced during the sixth-season episodes of \"NCIS\" titled \"Legend (Part I)\" and \"Legend (Part II)\". These episodes served as a backdoor pilot for the series. Season one was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591679", "score": "1.1066549", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "and lots of gunfire. But as with the original \"NCIS\", the emphasis is on the characters of the team... Los Angeles, meanwhile, looks fabulous, a pleasing mixture of noir and gridlock, and there's an air of stability that's comforting in these uncertain times.\" The New York \"Daily News\" reviewer, David Hinckley, was more critical of the show saying that although \"It all adds up to an hour of decent entertainment, and there's room for enough character development to give \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" a personality of its own, ... a premiere episode shouldn't feel even a little like something we've already", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091898", "score": "1.106561", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "cast as Shay Mosley for the ninth season after Miguel Ferrer's death. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a tenth season, which premiered on September 30, 2018. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" follows Special Agent G. Callen (Chris O'Donnell), a \"legend\" assigned to the Office of Special Projects (OSP), a fictitious branch of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (the real-life NCIS has no offices in Los Angeles). Callen leads an elite team of undercover operatives as they battle enemies both foreign and domestic under the watchful eye of Operational Manager Henrietta \"Hetty\" Lange (Linda Hunt). The team is composed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091893", "score": "1.0828753", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "seen.\" Tom Shales of \"The Washington Post\" felt that, \"NCIS: Los Angeles gets the job done ... It's a procedural that follows strictly the established procedure, but it has likable characters, dislikable bad guys and the occasional flabbergasting shot of L.A.\" Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" summarized it as a \"serviceable hour that takes the NCIS formula—a light tone and a lot of banter wrapped around a fairly rudimentary investigatory plot—and transfers it to a special, undercover NCIS division in Los Angeles. Nothing more, but also nothing less.\" \"The Hollywood Reporter\" compared the show to \"The A-Team\" with \"the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091899", "score": "1.0800258", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "a 65% approval rating. General NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\" premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and concluded on May 25, 2010. It is the first spin-off series of \"NCIS\". The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of the members of the Office of Special Projects, an undercover division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). The show and its characters were introduced during the sixth-season episodes of \"NCIS\" titled \"Legend (Part I)\" and \"Legend (Part II)\". These episodes served as a backdoor pilot for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591686", "score": "1.078303", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "of sister show \"NCIS\" which accumulated 20.61 million viewers. However, ratings were down from the premiere of \"\" from the previous year, but was higher than the seventh and final season premiere of \"Without a Trace\", which occupied the same timeslot during the 2008-09 television season. The season finale, \"Callen, G.\" was watched by 13.1 million viewers. For its first season, \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" was the 9th most watched new series on CBS with a total of 16.08 million viewers. Notes \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" first season received mixed to positive reviews from television critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591685", "score": "1.0756466", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 9)", "text": "The ninth season of NCIS: Los Angeles premiered on October 1, 2017 on CBS for the 2017–18 television season. The season is due to contain 24 episodes. The season contained the show’s 200th episode. The season is set to conclude on May 20, 2018.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "Red\". The new characters were introduced during a of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\". The spin-off was to feature a team of mobile agents, who travel around the country to solve crimes. This would have been the second successive spin-off in the \"NCIS\" franchise. However, on May 15, 2013, CBS confirmed that \"NCIS: Red\" was officially passed on and would not be moving forward. Scott Grimes reprised his potential spinoff role as NCIS Red Agent Dave Flynn during the eighth season of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\". The first six seasons have been released on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4, and Season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091901", "score": "1.0710304", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "NCIS (season 11)", "text": "NCIS (season 11) The eleventh season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 24, 2013, in the same time slot as the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. Special Agent Ziva David (de Pablo), departs during the season with her final appearance being in \"Past, Present and Future\". The episode \"Crescent City (Part I)\", which aired on March 25, 2014, serves as the first of a two-part backdoor pilot of a second spin off from \"NCIS\" called \"\" based in New Orleans. On February 1, 2013, CBS renewed \"NCIS\" for this season. The same date Mark Harmon extended", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17205137", "score": "1.0629866", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "NCIS (TV series)", "text": "sued CBS over \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" because of his contract which gave him \"first opportunity\" to develop a spin-off or sequel, the lawsuit was dismissed by a judge in June 2012. However, discussions continued between CBS and Bellisario and in January 2013 the dispute was settled outside of court a week before it was set to go to trial; the terms of the agreement were not disclosed but were described as being amicable. In September 2013 CBS announced a planned second spin-off series set in New Orleans that would be introduced via a planted two-part backdoor pilot \"NCIS\" episode. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14611124", "score": "1.059202", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "M6 in France. In August 2016, Titan Books published \"NCIS Los Angeles: Extremis\", a novel by Jerome Preisler. Three months later, it was followed by \"NCIS Los Angeles: Bolthole\", written by Jeff Mariotte. Both books contain original stories featuring the characters from the show. NCIS: Los Angeles NCIS: Los Angeles is an American action television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and stars Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J. The series follows the exploits of the Los Angeles–based Office of Special Projects (OSP), an elite division of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091903", "score": "1.0508152", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Hiatus (NCIS)", "text": "for the beaches of Mexico. 'Hiatus' also marked the debut of \"NCIS\" favorite recurring character Mike Franks as Gibbs former boss and closest friend.\" Hiatus (NCIS) \"Hiatus (Part I)\" and \"Hiatus (Part II)\" are the 23rd and 24th episodes of the third season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 69th and 70th episodes overall. They originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 9 and May 16, 2006. Both episodes are written by Donald Bellisario, the show's creator and executive producer at the time, and directed by Dennis Smith. They were seen live by 15.17", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9672979", "score": "1.0508093", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "NCIS (season 15)", "text": "Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. It was announced that Jennifer Esposito, who portrayed NCIS agent Alexandra Quinn, had departed and would be replaced by Maria Bello as Agent Jackie Sloane — a new series regular, beginning with episode 15:5. Bello inked a three-year deal to remain with show through until the end of its seventeenth season. Production began in July 2017 with the rest of cast members returning. Showrunners", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19411905", "score": "1.0499536", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "1 was released on Blu-ray Disc in Region A. The first season DVD release includes the two-part pilot episode that aired as part of the sixth season of \"NCIS\", which were also included on the Season 6 DVD of \"NCIS\". All releases are distributed by Paramount Home Entertainment. In Asia, the series airs on AXN. In the UK the series airs on Sky 1 and on Channel Five. In the Netherlands the series airs on SBS 6. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" airs on Network Ten, ONE and TVH!TS (formerly TV1) in Australia. In Portugal the series airs on FOX. and on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091902", "score": "1.0496429", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "NCIS: New Orleans", "text": "It has always been here. It forever will be.\" NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series \"NCIS\". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the \"NCIS\" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17840289", "score": "1.0408503", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Rekindled", "text": "Rekindled \"Rekindled\" is the 21st episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 207th episode overall. It aired on CBS in the United States on April 17, 2012. The episode is written by Christopher J. Waild and Reed Steiner and directed by Mark Horowitz, and was seen by 18.08 million viewers. The NCIS team deal with an arsonist, which has links to the mysterious Watcher Fleet. While investigating, they team up with arson investigator Jason King, who DiNozzo feels uncomfortable around. They find that the arson was to cover up the theft of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16485645", "score": "1.0351068", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "NCIS: New Orleans", "text": "is keen to leave her past behind as she moves to New Orleans; Sonja Percy (Shalita Grant), a former ATF special agent and LaSalle's partner; Tammy Gregorio (Vanessa Ferlito), an FBI prodigy recruited after a short stint investigating Pride; and Sebastian Lund (Rob Kerkovich), a criminalist turned forensics agent and the team’s newest member. They are assisted by Patton Plame (Daryl Mitchell), a computer specialist, and Dr. Loretta Wade (CCH Pounder), a forensic pathologist. On January 12, 2015, \"NCIS: New Orleans\" was renewed for a second season that premiered on September 22, 2015. On March 25, 2016, CBS renewed the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17840282", "score": "1.0347273", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Better Angels (NCIS)", "text": "Better Angels (NCIS) \"Better Angels\" is the seventh episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 241st episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on November 5, 2013. The episode is written by Gina Monreal and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 19.18 million viewers. The team comes to investigate the death of Marine Sergeant Michael Dawson, who was apparently killed trying to stop a robbery attempt. As the team tries to track down the robber, Gibbs receives a call from the police that his father, Jackson, had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17626160", "score": "1.032687", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "pilot for the series, in a manner similar to the way \"NCIS\" was introduced by way of a two-part episode of \"JAG\". \"Identity\", the series' first episode, garnered 18.73 million viewers with a 4.4/11 share in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic and therefore won its timeslot. It was the second most watched show of the week, behind only the original \"NCIS\". Reviews for the show have been mixed. It has a score of 59/100 on Metacritic. According to Mary McNamara of the \"Los Angeles Times\", \"The crime is intriguing and multifaceted, its resolution requiring a nice balance of street smarts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091897", "score": "1.0324047", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "NCIS (franchise)", "text": "a pilot episode for a potential \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" spinoff titled \"NCIS: Red\". Written and produced by Shane Brennan, the series would follow \"a mobile team of agents who live and work together as they go across the country to solve crimes\". On February 6, 2013 John Corbett was cast as retired special agent Roy, the series male lead. Earlier, CBS had confirmed that Miguel Ferrer would join the cast as a series regular, reprising his \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" role, while Edwin Hodge had been cast as Kai, an intelligence analyst. On February 8, 2013 Scott Grimes was cast as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18050932", "score": "1.0304582", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "NCIS (season 15)", "text": "when Bello's character premieres. In another central casting announcement, \"TV Line\" reported on October 4, 2017, that founding NCIS actress Pauley Perrette will be leaving the role of \"Abby Sciuto\" after the conclusion of season fifteen. Perrette's final episode was episode 22, which aired on May 8, 2018. Also, in this episode, Duane Henry (Clayton Reeves) was written off the show. NCIS was renewed for a sixteenth season on April 13, 2018, following a deal with Mark Harmon to return for an additional two years. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Season 15 was praised for its sharp cases and bringing new life into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19411907", "score": "1.0298903", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "NCIS (franchise)", "text": "Dave, and Gillian Alexy was cast as Claire. Kim Raver was the last actor cast in the pilot, playing the lead role of Paris. The pilot episodes, titled \"Red\" and \"Red-2\", aired on March 19 and March 26, 2013, during \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" fourth season. On May 15, 2013, CBS announced that the pilot would not be taken to series. On May 21, 2013 CBS President Nina Tassler stated that \"sometimes [spinoffs] work and sometimes they don't. Protecting [the franchise] was really important.\" CBS was reportedly \"open to redeveloping the pilot with a new cast attached\", though a second franchise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18050933", "score": "1.0298729", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "NCIS (season 6)", "text": "the team who would later go on to appear in the spin-off TV series \"\". <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> NCIS (season 6) The sixth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 23, 2008. The new NCIS Director Leon Vance (played by Rocky Carroll) became a regular cast character and Agent Gibbs' new team members were introduced: NCIS Agents Michelle Lee from Legal, Daniel Keating from Cybercrime, and Special Agent Brent Langer from the FBI. Langer is killed in the first episode of the season. After the end of the second episode, McGee, Ziva, and Tony return to the team,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13173144", "score": "1.0266547", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Rekindled", "text": "the present\". Rekindled \"Rekindled\" is the 21st episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 207th episode overall. It aired on CBS in the United States on April 17, 2012. The episode is written by Christopher J. Waild and Reed Steiner and directed by Mark Horowitz, and was seen by 18.08 million viewers. The NCIS team deal with an arsonist, which has links to the mysterious Watcher Fleet. While investigating, they team up with arson investigator Jason King, who DiNozzo feels uncomfortable around. They find that the arson was to cover up the theft", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16485652", "score": "1.0248386", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "NCIS: New Orleans (season 3)", "text": "Vanessa Ferlito joins the cast as Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, a series regular. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> NCIS: New Orleans (season 3) The third season of \"\" premiered on CBS on September 20, 2016 with a time slot change from Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m. to Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m. to make room for new series \"Bull\". The season contained 24 episodes. This was the last season with Gary Glasberg as the showrunner as he died during production of the season. The season concluded on May 16, 2017. On March 25, 2016, \"NCIS: New Orleans\" was renewed for a third season, that premiered on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19411922", "score": "1.0232029", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "NCIS (franchise)", "text": "most watched series on TV. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" ended its fifth season as the fourth most watched series on TV, and the second most watched drama. \"NCIS\" follows the work of the Major Case Response Team, stationed out of Washington, D.C. Supervised by Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs, a former Marine Gunnery Sergeant, and a thrice-divorced widower. The team specializes in crime scene examination, and the investigation of murders. Gibbs' team has included Caitlin Todd, who earned her stripes protecting the President as a member of the Secret Service; Anthony DiNozzo, a former Baltimore detective; Timothy McGee, a computer specialist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18050926", "score": "1.0217899", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "NCIS: New Orleans", "text": "series for a third season, which premiered on September 20, 2016. Show creator and executive producer Gary Glasberg, age 50, died unexpectedly on September 28, 2016. On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 26, 2017. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on September 25, 2018. Scott Bakula was cast as the series lead on February 2014 with CCH Pounder, Zoe McLellan and Lucas Black joining soon thereafter. Rob Kerkovich joined the cast in July. He was the final original cast member to join", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17840283", "score": "1.0204657", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "July 1, 1890" ]

[ { "title": "Ouija", "text": "\"Scareway to Heaven\" in which a Ouija board results in demon possession. \"The Invisible Histories of the Spiral Mountain; or The Hymns of Melchizedek,\" an occult novel by Christopher of Detroit, contains several chapter that use the talking board for communication with the protagonist's higher self. \"The Uninvited,\" made in 1944, features a scene with an impromptu board the characters put together. The 1973 blockbuster film, \"The Exorcist\", also uses a ouija board to explain why the young girl becomes possessed. \"Alison's Birthday\" has one too, with its claustrophobia-inducing filming, as do the films \"Deadly Messages\" and \"Awakenings.\" The earliest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860069", "score": "1.1651633", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "national newspapers at the time lowered the national discourse overall. In the 1970s ouija board users were also described as \"cult members\" by sociologists, though this was severely scrutinised in the field. Since early in the Ouija board's history, it has been criticized by several Christian denominations. For example, \"Catholic Answers\", a Roman Catholic Christian apologetics organization, states that \"The Ouija board is far from harmless, as it is a form of divination (seeking information from supernatural sources).\" Moreover, Catholic Christian bishops in Micronesia called for the boards to be banned and warned congregations that they were talking to demons", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860060", "score": "1.1479897", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "of Satan. A spokesperson for Human Life International described the boards as a portal to talk to spirits and called for Hasbro to be prohibited from marketing them. Ouija boards have been the source of inspiration for literary works, used as guidance in writing or as a form of channeling literary works. As a result of Ouija boards' becoming popular in the early 20th century, by the 1920s many \"psychic\" books were written of varying quality often initiated by ouija board use. Aleister Crowley had great admiration for the use of the ouija board and it played a passing role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860062", "score": "1.1359321", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "from Fuld's competitors flooded the market, and all these boards enjoyed a heyday from the 1920s. The ouija phenomenon is considered by the scientific community to be the result of the ideomotor response. Michael Faraday first described this effect in 1853, while investigating table-turning. Various studies have been produced, recreating the effects of the ouija board in the lab and showing that, under laboratory conditions, the subjects were moving the planchette involuntarily. A 2012 study found that when answering yes or no questions, ouija use was significantly more accurate than guesswork, suggesting that it might draw on the unconscious mind.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860057", "score": "1.1350508", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "board at their camps in Ohio in 1886 to ostensibly enable faster communication with spirits. The Catholic Church and other Christian denominations have \"warned against using ouija boards\", holding that they can lead to demonic possession. Occultists, on the other hand, are divided on the issue, with some saying that it can be a positive transformation; others reiterate the warnings of many Christians and caution \"inexperienced users\" against it. Paranormal and supernatural beliefs associated with Ouija have been harshly criticized by the scientific community, since they are characterized as pseudoscience. The action of the board can be parsimoniously explained by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860052", "score": "1.120925", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "Ouija The ouija ( ), also known as a spirit board or talking board, is a flat board marked with the letters of the alphabet, the numbers 0–9, the words \"yes\", \"no\", \"hello\" (occasionally), and \"goodbye\", along with various symbols and graphics. It uses a small heart-shaped piece of wood or plastic called a planchette. Participants place their fingers on the planchette, and it is moved about the board to spell out words. \"Ouija\" was formerly a trademark belonging to Parker Brothers, and has subsequently become a trademark of Hasbro, Inc. in the United States, but is often used generically", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860050", "score": "1.1067346", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "for the moving tables and Ouija board phenomena seen at seances are examples of a class of phenomena due to what psychologists call a dissociative state. A dissociative state is one in which consciousness is somehow divided or cut off from some aspects of the individual's normal cognitive, motor, or sensory functions. Ouija boards were already criticized by scholars early on, being described in a 1927 journal as vestigial remains' of primitive belief-systems\" and a con to part fools from their money. Another 1921 journal described reports of ouija board findings as 'half truths' and suggested that their inclusion in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860059", "score": "1.0897517", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "Activity\" (2007) involves a violent entity haunting a couple that becomes more powerful when the Ouija board is used. Another 2007 film, \"Ouija\", depicted a group of adolescents whose use of the board causes a murderous spirit to follow them, while four years later, \"The Ouija Experiment\" portrayed a group of friends whose use of the board opens, and fails to close, a portal between the worlds of the living and the dead. The 2014 film \"Ouija\" featured a group of friends whose use of the board prompted a series of deaths. That film was followed by a 2016 prequel,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860071", "score": "1.0824258", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "\"\", which also features the device. I Am Zozo follows a group of people that run afoul of a demon (based on Pazuzu) after using a Ouija board. In season 1 episode 5 of \"The West Wing\", the Ouija boards are mentioned by two characters who compare having a Ouija board to believing in UFOs. In Season 3 Episode 8 of the TV series \"Reba\", Barbra Jean and Reba use an Ouija Board to try and clean Barbra Jean and Brock's house after Reba convinced her that the house was haunted. While holding the séance Reba pretended to be a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860072", "score": "1.0795244", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1, 1890, the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists believed that the dead were able to contact the living and reportedly used a talking board very similar to a modern ouija board at their camps in Ohio in 1886 to ostensibly enable faster communication with spirits.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Séance", "text": "with an assistant who writes down or otherwise records their words. Spirit boards, also known as talking boards, or ouija boards (after a well-known brand name) are flat tablets, typically made of wood, Masonite, chipboard, or plastic. On the board are a number of symbols, pictures, letters, numbers and/or words. The board is accompanied by a planchette (French for \"little board\"), which can take the form of a pointer on three legs or magnifying glass on legs; homemade boards may employ a shot glass as a planchette. A most basic Ouija board would contain simply the alphabet of whatever country", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1977766", "score": "1.0752704", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "Western film to hinge its \"entire\" plot around the (mis)use of a Ouija board, \"Witchboard\" (1986), makes a nod to \"The Exorcist\" (where there is a sequence in which a board is used), with a main character called Linda, and her partner quipping \"So what you're telling me is ... that I'm living with Linda Blair?\" \"Witchboard\" was so successful it spawned two sequels: \"\", and \"\". In the same year as the first of the trilogy, the film \"Spookies\" also had its own Ouija board scene. \"What Lies Beneath\" (2000) also includes a séance scene with a board. \"Paranormal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860070", "score": "1.0707945", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Spiritualism", "text": "of Ouija boards. A few of these popular books displayed unorganized spiritualism, though most were less insightful. The movement was extremely individualistic, with each person relying on his or her own experiences and reading to discern the nature of the afterlife. Organisation was therefore slow to appear, and when it did it was resisted by mediums and trance lecturers. Most members were content to attend Christian churches, and particularly universalist churches harbored many spiritualists. As the spiritualism movement began to fade, partly through the publicity of fraud accusations and partly through the appeal of religious movements such as Christian science,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1632886", "score": "1.0615863", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ouija Board, Ouija Board", "text": "Ouija Board, Ouija Board \"Ouija Board, Ouija Board\" was a single released by Morrissey in November 1989. The single was poorly received by the music press and the public: its highest chart position was No. 18, making it the first Morrissey single not to reach the British top 10. It appeared along with its B-side \"Yes, I Am Blind\" on the compilation album \"Bona Drag\". A shorter edit, omitting a verse, appeared on the 2010 reissue of \"Bona Drag\". The song is about the protagonist using a Ouija board to contact a dead friend, who tells him to \"push off\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8512877", "score": "1.0600567", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Charles Stansfeld Jones", "text": "the \"one\" prophesied in the book (in I:55-56 and similar passages). Crowley and Jones frequently discussed the Ouija board and it is often mentioned in their unpublished letters. Throughout 1917 Achad experimented with the board as a means of summoning Angels, as opposed to Elementals. In one letter Crowley told Jones:, \"\"Your Ouija board experiment is rather fun. You see how very satisfactory it is, but I believe things improve greatly with practice. I think you should keep to one angel, and make the magical preparations more elaborate.\"\" Over the years, both became so fascinated by the board that they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6312825", "score": "1.0570071", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jane Roberts", "text": "hearing the messages in her head. The first seven sessions were entirely with the Ouija board. The three-hour session on the evening of Jan. 2, 1964 was the first where she began to dictate the messages instead of using the Ouija board. For a while she still opened her sessions with the board, but finally was able to abandon it after the 27th session on Feb. 19, 1964. Roberts described the process of writing the \"Seth\" books as entering a trance state. She said Seth would assume control of her body and speak through her, while her husband wrote down", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2084730", "score": "1.0541778", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "Adventure Series Book 1) by Shelby White centers on a group of friends who unintentionally release evil through their use of a Ouija board, as does \"The Harrowing\" by Alexandra Sokoloff. In \"For What It's Worth\" by Janet Tashjian a boy uses a Ouija board to contact the spirits of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jim Morrison. Issue #79 of \"Bart Simpson\", a comic book series based on The Simpsons, contains a story called \"The Demon\" in which Bart and Lisa find a Ouija board and unleash a demon. Issue #10 of \"Bart Simpson's Treehouse of horror\" contains the story", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860068", "score": "1.051842", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Deadly Messages", "text": "her again was because the Ouija board subconsciously helped her regain her memory. But as Michael points out, this doesn't explain the messages that Cindy (whose body was found in the trunk of Mark's car in another town) received while using the board alone. The final scene shows the hotel owners discovering the Ouija board that Laura left behind. Just then, the power goes out due to a storm and they hear a noise. Startled, the man shouts out asking if anyone is there. The pointer then moves by itself to point at Yes. According to lead actress Kathleen Beller,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16015462", "score": "1.0487518", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Alice Cooper (band)", "text": "is that the name \"Alice Cooper\" came from a session with a Ouija board, largely chosen because it sounded innocuous and wholesome, in humorous contrast to the band's image and music. However, in an interview with Mark Radcliffe on the Radcliffe and Maconie show on BBC Radio 2 on 30 November 2009 Alice described the incident with the ouija board as an urban legend. He said \"We literally got that whole story about the witch thing the way you guys got it. It was like just pure urban legend. I heard about the witch thing probably the same day you", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16527121", "score": "1.0479944", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jane Roberts", "text": "recalling her dreams, including two that were inarguably precognitive, the first, as far as she knew, that she'd ever had. Their curiosity piqued, the couple decided to investigate further, and she managed to land a contract with a New York publisher for a do-it-yourself book on extra-sensory perception. In late 1963, Roberts and Butts started experimenting with a Ouija board as part of Roberts' research for the book. According to Roberts and Butts, on December 2, 1963 they began to receive coherent messages from a male personality who eventually identified himself as Seth. Soon after, Roberts reported that she was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2084729", "score": "1.0432967", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "invocation in order to get into your circle just the one spirit you want. It is comparatively easy to do this. A few simple instructions are all that is necessary, and I shall be pleased to give these, free of charge, to any one who cares to apply. Ouija boards have figured prominently in horror tales in various media as devices enabling malevolent spirits to spook their users. Most often, they make brief appearances, relying heavily on the atmosphere of mystery the board already holds in the mind of the viewer, in order to add credence to the paranormal presence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860066", "score": "1.043131", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "ghost causing Barbra Jean to scream and run up stairs. The electric then goes out and Barbra Jean screams once again. At the end of the episode Barbra Jean asked Reba if they should ask the board if Brock was being a good husband in Vegas and the planchette moved. Reba then jumped across the table into Barbra Jean's arms. The National Geographic show Brain Games Season 5 episode \"Paranormal\" clearly showed the board did not work when all participants were blindfolded. Ouija The ouija ( ), also known as a spirit board or talking board, is a flat board", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860073", "score": "1.0383569", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "name \"Ouija\". Charles Kennard (founder of Kennard Novelty Company which manufactured Fuld's talking boards and where Fuld had worked as a varnisher) claimed he learned the name \"Ouija\" from using the board and that it was an ancient Egyptian word meaning \"good luck.\" When Fuld took over production of the boards, he popularized the more widely accepted etymology: that the name came from a combination of the French and German words for \"yes\". The Fuld name became synonymous with the Ouija board, as Fuld reinvented its history, claiming that he himself had invented it. The strange talk about the boards", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860056", "score": "1.0357356", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Seth Material", "text": "creates his or her own reality, a foundational concept of the New Age movement first articulated in the \"Seth Material\". In late 1963, Jane Roberts and her husband, Robert Butts, experimented with a Ouija board as part of Roberts' research for a book on extra-sensory perception. Roberts and Butts claimed that they began to receive coherent messages from a male personality on December 2, 1963, who later identified himself as Seth. Soon after, Roberts reported that she was hearing the messages in her head. She began to dictate the messages instead of using the Ouija board, and the board was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12150001", "score": "1.032015", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Ouija (2007 film)", "text": "Ouija board, the girls find that the ghost of a girl named Magda the snake (she called as the snake because she had the skin of snake by birth) is haunting them. They find the dead body of Magda from under the sea and made the spirit free with the help of a Christian priest. Magda was murdered by her envious twin sister Melda, because their parents loved Magda more. At the end it is revealed that it was Melda's spirit who haunted the girls and Magda's spirit was trying to protect them. Since they free Magda's spirit, there is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10020515", "score": "1.0308032", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "when using Ouija boards. In a pastoral letter, The Dutch Reformed Churches encouraged its communicants to avoid Ouija boards, as it is a practice \"related to the occult\". The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod also forbids its faithful from using Ouija boards as it teaches that such would be a violation of the Ten Commandments. In 2001, Ouija boards were burned in Alamogordo, New Mexico, by fundamentalist groups alongside \"Harry Potter\" books as \"symbols of witchcraft.\" Religious criticism has also expressed beliefs that the Ouija board reveals information which should only be in God's hands, and thus it is a tool", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860061", "score": "1.0285723", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ouija Board (horse)", "text": "Ouija Board (horse) Ouija Board (foaled 3 March 2001) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse (named after the ouija board spiritualism device) owned by Edward Stanley, 19th Earl of Derby and trained by Ed Dunlop and Chris Hinson. In a career spanning four seasons, she won 10 of her 22 races, 7 of them Group 1s, including The Oaks in 2004 and the Hong Kong Vase in 2005. In 2004, she won the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf and came 2nd to Intercontinental the following year in the same race. In 2006, the Dunlop team took her back to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4837702", "score": "1.0279582", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "in his magical workings. Jane Wolfe, who lived with Crowley at Abbey of Thelema, also used the Ouija board. She credits some of her greatest spiritual communications to use of this implement. Crowley also discussed the Ouija board with another of his students, and the most ardent of them, Frater Achad (Charles Stansfeld Jones): it is frequently mentioned in their unpublished letters. In 1917 Achad experimented with the board as a means of summoning Angels, as opposed to Elementals. In one letter Crowley told Jones: Your Ouija board experiment is rather fun. You see how very satisfactory it is, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860063", "score": "1.0266074", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ouija Board, Ouija Board", "text": "It caused some debate in the press at the time over claims it promoted occult dabbling or devil worship. Morrissey replied to these claims by retorting \"The only contact I ever made with the dead was when I spoke to a journalist from \"The Sun\".\" The video for the song, directed by Tim Broad, features Morrissey being led into the woods by some children who take him to see a spirit medium, played by Joan Sims, the British actress best known for her appearances in the \"Carry On\" film series. The video also features an early appearance by Kathy Burke.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8512878", "score": "1.0265032", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ouija", "text": "I believe things improve greatly with practice. I think you should keep to one angel, and make the magical preparations more elaborate. Over the years, both became so fascinated by the board that they discussed marketing their own design. Their discourse culminated in a letter, dated February 21, 1919, in which Crowley tells Jones, Re: Ouija Board. I offer you the basis of ten percent of my net profit. You are, if you accept this, responsible for the legal protection of the ideas, and the marketing of the copyright designs. I trust that this may be satisfactory to you. I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1860064", "score": "1.0209234", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "in Welch, West Virginia", "Welch, West Virginia" ]

[ { "title": "The Glass Castle (film)", "text": "The Glass Castle (film) The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham, and Marti Noxon, based on Jeannette Walls' 2005 best selling memoir of the same name. Depicting Walls' real-life childhood spent squatting in homes and living in poverty, the film stars Brie Larson as Walls with Naomi Watts, Woody Harrelson, Max Greenfield, and Sarah Snook in supporting roles. \"The Glass Castle\" was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances of its cast (particularly Larson and Harrelson)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18429935", "score": "1.1539247", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Glass Castle", "text": "The Glass Castle The Glass Castle is a 2005 memoir by Jeannette Walls. The book recounts the unconventional, poverty-stricken upbringing Walls and her siblings had at the hands of their deeply dysfunctional parents. The title refers to her father’s long held intention of building his dream house, a glass castle. The memoir spent over 260 weeks in hardcover on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list and it remains on the list (now in paperback form) as of the list dated June 3, 2018, having persisted for 421 weeks. By late 2007, \"The Glass Castle\" had sold over 2.7 million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12387780", "score": "1.1489614", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Castle of Glass", "text": "Castle of Glass \"Castle of Glass\" is a song written by American rock band Linkin Park for their fifth studio album, \"Living Things\". The song was produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin. The song was released as a promotional single for Danger Close Games's 2012 release, \"\", as with Linkin Park's previous contribution to the \"Medal of Honor\" series, \"The Catalyst\". The single was released on February 2, 2013 in physical format and on March 22, 2013 it was released as a digital single on iTunes. A Mike Shinoda remix is featured on Linkin Park's second remix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16623334", "score": "1.1208713", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Glass House, Castlecrag", "text": "The Glass House, Castlecrag The Glass House is an heritage-listed domestic dwelling located at 80 The Bulwark, Castlecrag, City of Willoughby, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Bill Lucas. It is also known as Glasshouse; Bill Lucas House. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 21 October 2016. The Glass House was designed by Sydney architect Bill Lucas and completed in 1957. It was designed as a home for Lucas to share with his wife, fellow architect Ruth Lucas, and their children, and as a studio for their architectural practice. Lucas was born", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20859773", "score": "1.10642", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Glass Castle (film)", "text": "million. In North America, \"The Glass Castle\" was released alongside \"\" and \"\", and was projected to gross around $5 million from 1,461 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $1.7 million on its first day and $4.7 million over the weekend, finishing 9th at the box office. The film made $2.6 million in its second weekend (a drop of 45.5%), finishing 12th. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 50% based on 151 reviews, and an average rating of 6.0/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"The Glass Castle\" has an affecting real-life", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18429938", "score": "1.0964733", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Glass Castle", "text": "Glass Castle Glass Castle (; also known as City of Glass) is a 2008 South Korean television series that aired on SBS from September 6, 2008, to March 1, 2009, on Saturdays and Sundays at 20:50 for 51 episodes. Yoon So-yi stars as an ambitious and tough reporter whose life and career take a turn after she falls for a charming and persistent suitor (played by Lee Jin-wook), and marries him. But her aspirations of becoming a great reporter are put on hold while she struggles with her new life as the daughter-in-law of a rich, influential but controlling chaebol", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13959739", "score": "1.095599", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Crystal Castles", "text": "Kath sued Glass for defamation but his suit was dismissed by the court. Present members Former members Touring members Crystal Castles won the John Peel Award for Innovation at the Shockwaves NME Awards 2011. Crystal Castles Crystal Castles are a Canadian electronic music group formed in 2006 in Toronto, Ontario by founding members songwriter/producer Ethan Kath and songwriter/vocalist Alice Glass. Current band members consist of Ethan Kath and Edith Frances. Crystal Castles are known for their chaotic live shows and lo-fi melancholic homemade productions. They released many limited vinyl singles between 2006 and 2007 before releasing a trilogy of critically", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9735461", "score": "1.085918", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Glass Castle (film)", "text": "but criticized the mishandled tones and adaptation. The film grossed $21.8 million at the box office. The film portrays the unconventional, poverty-stricken upbringing Walls and her siblings had at the hands of their deeply dysfunctional parents. In April 2012, it was revealed that Lionsgate acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film. In October 2013, it was revealed that Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon. In October 2015, Brie Larson joined the cast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18429936", "score": "1.0847049", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Crystal Castles", "text": "in June 2008, where the on-stage antics of Glass which included her climbing the stage rigging and constantly stage-diving, led to the organisers curtailing their set. Crystal Castles toured with Nine Inch Nails in three dates in August 2008. Crystal Castles also played various European summer festivals including England's Reading and Leeds Festivals. They were expected to return to the UK in September 2008 for a headlining tour but dates were moved forward due to recording commitments. The band also played Connect 2008 and in October they played at the Iceland Airwaves festival. Over Halloween they played a gig in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9735453", "score": "1.0729709", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Glass Castle (film)", "text": "Principal photography began on May 20, 2016, in Welch, West Virginia.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Glassan", "text": "the castle on an island on the lake, the canals, woods, shipyards etc. Glassan Glassan or Glasson (), also \"the Village of the Roses\" is a small village in rural County Westmeath, Ireland. It is north of Athlone, on the N55 national secondary road, not far from the shores of Lough Ree. The village was established and laid out to serve Waterstown House, the remnants of which is located on a hill south east of the village. The Harris-Temple family lived in Waterstown House which was built in the 1740s. The village is laid out as a straight street without", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6261932", "score": "1.0670689", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Glass Mountain (film)", "text": "The Glass Mountain (film) The Glass Mountain is a 1949 black and white British romantic film drama. It starred Michael Denison, Dulcie Gray and Valentina Cortese. The film was a popular success of its day, and was re-released in the UK in 1950 and 1953. It features acclaimed classical vocalist Tito Gobbi as himself, with the orchestra and chorus of the Venice Opera House. The theme music by Nino Rota is memorable, and was also a contemporary hit. It was mainly filmed on location in the Dolomites and at Venice's La Fenice Opera House. Co-producer Joseph Janni also co-produced another", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8734411", "score": "1.0589528", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Crystal Castles", "text": "Crystal Castles Crystal Castles are a Canadian electronic music group formed in 2006 in Toronto, Ontario by founding members songwriter/producer Ethan Kath and songwriter/vocalist Alice Glass. Current band members consist of Ethan Kath and Edith Frances. Crystal Castles are known for their chaotic live shows and lo-fi melancholic homemade productions. They released many limited vinyl singles between 2006 and 2007 before releasing a trilogy of critically acclaimed albums between 2008 and 2012. Producer Kath and vocalist Glass first collaborated in 2006 on the track \"Alice Practice\", a proof-of-concept which was initially shelved for six months. After being posted online, this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9735441", "score": "1.0520883", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Raven (Brothers Grimm)", "text": "hundred leagues of the castle, and the man walks the rest. As the man approached the glass mountain on which the golden castle stood, he could see the bewitched princess drive her carriage around the castle and go in. But the glass mountain was too slippery for him to climb, and he lived in a hut at the foot of the mountain for a year. One day he met three robbers fighting over three magical items: a stick that opened doors, an invisibility mantle, and a horse that could ride up the glass-mountain. The man offered them a mysterious reward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5893754", "score": "1.0381831", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Glass House, Castlecrag", "text": "has the capacity to represent the philosophies and physical characteristics of \"Sydney School\" residences in NSW. The Glass House, Castlecrag The Glass House is an heritage-listed domestic dwelling located at 80 The Bulwark, Castlecrag, City of Willoughby, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Bill Lucas. It is also known as Glasshouse; Bill Lucas House. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 21 October 2016. The Glass House was designed by Sydney architect Bill Lucas and completed in 1957. It was designed as a home for Lucas to share with his wife, fellow architect", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20859808", "score": "1.0356917", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Glass Castle (film)", "text": "for sanitizing books that deserve better. In the case of \"The Glass Castle\", it's a damn shame.\" Richard Roeper of \"Chicago Sun-Times\" also gave the film two out of four stars and was equally as critical for how the material was presented, writing: \"...a film that presents overwhelming evidence of Rex and Rose Mary as appalling human beings for 90 percent of the journey, and then asks us to give them a break? No sale.\" The Glass Castle (film) The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18429940", "score": "1.0344162", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Destin Daniel Cretton", "text": "rewrite the script for \"The Glass Castle\", an adaptation of Jeannette Walls’ 2005 bestselling memoir about a successful young woman raised by severely dysfunctional parents. Her world gets turned upside down when they move to New York to be near her. Starring Brie Larson as Walls as an adult, the film also features Woody Harrelson and Naomi Watts as her alcoholic father and eccentric mother, respectively. Larson's role was originally considered by Jennifer Lawrence, but she dropped out while the studio was seeking the male lead. The film was released on August 10, 2017. In 2016, it was announced that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17841466", "score": "1.0220411", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Alice Glass", "text": "food poisoning, but chose to perform anyway. Crystal Castles was infamously shut down at Glastonbury 2008 after Glass climbed a speaker stand just before \"Alice Practice\" and was swallowed by the crowd during \"Yes No\". Alice Glass Margaret Osborn (born 25 August 1988), known professionally as Alice Glass, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the co-founder and former frontwoman of the electronic band Crystal Castles. In 2014, she embarked on a solo career. She released her eponymous debut EP in 2017. Alice Glass was born Margaret Osborn on 25 August 1988 in Toronto, Ontario. She was raised Catholic,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12253764", "score": "1.0206646", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Glass House (1972 film)", "text": "won the Golden Shell at the 1972 San Sebastián International Film Festival. The Glass House (1972 film) The Glass House is a 1972 American made-for-television drama film starring Alan Alda, Vic Morrow and Clu Gulager, directed by Tom Gries. It originally aired on CBS on February 4, 1972. A college professor convicted of manslaughter and a prison guard both start their first day in the same prison. Filming took place at Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, 20 miles outside of Salt Lake City. Tom Gries won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20135692", "score": "1.0206063", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Crystal Castles II", "text": "Ethan Kath in a variety of locations including an abandoned church in Iceland, a self-built cabin in northern Ontario, a garage behind an abandoned drug store in Detroit, as well as Paul Epworth's London studio. Of the experience, Kath said, \"I recorded most of the record in the coldest winter in decades in a church without heat in Iceland. It was so cold that when I listen back I can hear myself shivering. I chose it because it felt right\". In December 2009, Kath gave vocalist Alice Glass a CD-R containing 70 instrumental tracks, for which she then recorded vocals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14470968", "score": "1.016332", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Glass House (1972 film)", "text": "The Glass House (1972 film) The Glass House is a 1972 American made-for-television drama film starring Alan Alda, Vic Morrow and Clu Gulager, directed by Tom Gries. It originally aired on CBS on February 4, 1972. A college professor convicted of manslaughter and a prison guard both start their first day in the same prison. Filming took place at Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, 20 miles outside of Salt Lake City. Tom Gries won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special in 1972 for directing this TV movie. The film also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20135691", "score": "1.0132767", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Crystal Castles", "text": "LA that involved Alice Glass wrecking the drum kit. They supported Blur on the first of two comeback shows in Hyde Park, London in July 2009. They also performed at Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival in Manchester, Tennessee Friday June 12, 2009. Back in Toronto in July, Crystal Castles performed at the Sound Academy as part of the TIME Festival. Crystal Castles also played the NME stage of Reading and Leeds Festival 2010, the Obelisk Arena of Latitude Festival 2010, Glastonbury 2010, RockNess 2010, Pohoda Festival in Trenčín, Slovakia, Exit Festival in Novi Sad, Serbia, Emmabodafestivalen in Emmaboda, Sweden, In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9735454", "score": "1.0064498", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Glass Mountain (film)", "text": "film shot in Italy, the comedy \"Honeymoon Deferred\", in 1951. \"The Guardian\" wrote, \"most reference books now deride the film, but at a time when Britain was emerging from the war into a period of grey austerity, The Glass Mountain and movies like it were a popular tonic. Set in the beautiful Dolomite mountains, with graceful performers and a nostalgically slow pace, it was one of the most successful British films to that date. The part of the composer was taken by Denison, with whom (Dulcie) Gray starred on stage and screen so many times that the Denisons became one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8734412", "score": "1.0054687", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Glass Mountain (fairy tale)", "text": "The Glass Mountain (fairy tale) \"The Glass Mountain\" (Aarne–Thompson type 530) is a Polish fairy tale collected by Hermann Kletke. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Yellow Fairy Book\". The name also appears as a mythical location in a different story, \"Old Rinkrank\", one of the original Brothers Grimm fairytales. (\"Glassberg\" or \"Glasberg\" in the original German.) The Polish story begins with: On a glass mountain grew a tree with golden apples. An apple would let the picker into the golden castle where an enchanted princess lived. Many knights had tried and failed, so that many bodies lay about the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8241559", "score": "0.9976771", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Castle of Glass", "text": "passive and doesn’t leave you feeling very inspired.\" The song was nominated for the \"Best Song in a Game\" award at the 2012 Spike Video Game Awards. The music video for \"Castle of Glass\" was recorded on August 1, 2012 and it contains footage from the first-person shooter video game \"\". It was released on Linkin Park's YouTube channel, linkinparktv, on October 10, 2012. The music video shows a young boy being told that his father has been killed in action. He and his mother mourn the death as the fallen SEALs teammates and their families try to comfort them.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16623337", "score": "0.9955095", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Alice Glass", "text": "Alice Glass Margaret Osborn (born 25 August 1988), known professionally as Alice Glass, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the co-founder and former frontwoman of the electronic band Crystal Castles. In 2014, she embarked on a solo career. She released her eponymous debut EP in 2017. Alice Glass was born Margaret Osborn on 25 August 1988 in Toronto, Ontario. She was raised Catholic, attending parochial school up until junior high. At age 15, she ran away from home to live in a squat community of punks under the name Vicki Vale (after the comic book character) and started", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12253756", "score": "0.9953244", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Castle (1997 Australian film)", "text": "at 3 Dagonet St, Strathmore, and airport footage was shot at Essendon Airport and Melbourne Airport. Location shots of Brunswick feature in the film, including Brunswick Town Hall and Rocky Porcino Pharmacy at 720 Sydney Rd (Dennis's office). Melbourne's 200 Queen Street and the Supreme Court of Victoria are featured along with the High Court of Australia in Canberra. Some of the film is set in Bonnie Doon, and a very small portion of it was shot there. The name Kerrigan was chosen for the family so that tow trucks for the film could be borrowed from an existing Melbourne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12677718", "score": "0.98752654", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Glass Mountain (film)", "text": "arias.\" \"Time Out\" called it \"solidly directed, lavishly mounted romantic tosh.\" \"Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide\" described it as a \"beautifully made film of a British composer who writes an opera, inspired by majestic Italian Alps. A treat for music lovers, with many singers from La Scala appearing in opera sequence.\" The Glass Mountain (film) The Glass Mountain is a 1949 black and white British romantic film drama. It starred Michael Denison, Dulcie Gray and Valentina Cortese. The film was a popular success of its day, and was re-released in the UK in 1950 and 1953. It features acclaimed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8734419", "score": "0.9847158", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Alice Glass", "text": "the band their first record deal with Merok Records in London. The same year, Crystal Castles played their first live show at Clinton's Tavern in Toronto. \"Alice Practice\" was eventually featured on their eponymous debut album released in 2008. Glass topped \"NME\"s Cool List that year, and responded to it by criticizing the idea of the cool list itself. The duo followed their debut album with two more critically acclaimed albums: \"II\" (2010) and \"III\" (2012), completing a trilogy. Glass co-wrote every Crystal Castles song she contributed vocals to. In October 2014, Glass announced her departure from Crystal Castles due", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12253758", "score": "0.9731287", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Castle of Glass", "text": "of Honor\" philosophy, \"Castle of Glass\" highlights the emotional realities soldiers and their families face far from the battlefield. The video ends with a quote from Winston Churchill, shown in all-caps: \"All great things are simple, \"and many can be expressed in single words: \"freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope. The music video for \"Castle of Glass\" is also dedicated to the movie The Messenger as Bennington's favorite movie. The band's part of the music video was filmed entirely in front of a green screen, with the production being handled by Mothership and Digital Domain. Its post-production relied heavily on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16623339", "score": "0.9711135", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "Brazil" ]

[ { "title": "Coffee Bloom", "text": "Coffee Bloom Coffee Bloom is a 2014 Indian romantic drama film directed by debutant director Manu Warrier. It stars Arjun Mathur and Sugandha Garg in lead roles. The film is produced by Speaking Tree Productions. It tells the story of a young man Dev, who sells his family coffee estate as a statement underlining his renunciation of the world. The film was premiered at Mumbai Film Festival, organized by Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image (MAMI), last year under the 'New Faces of Indian Cinema' category. The film was released in India, USA and UK on 6 March 2015. Dev,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18595186", "score": "1.0256345", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Mariano Ospina Rodríguez", "text": "the best coffees in the world, the Coffea arabica species. After his presidency, in 1862, he and his brother Pastor escaped from prison (imprisoned by the dictator Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera) into exile. They were granted asylum in Guatemala and there they planted coffee and operated a \"Scientific and Industrial College\". By 1865, he had expanded his coffee enterprise to Guatemala and, in so doing, became one of the first coffee growing pioneers in Central America. With his vast experience and knowledge about the cultivation of coffee, he devoted himself to promoting and teaching the growing of coffee to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10056030", "score": "0.99459964", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "World Coffee Research", "text": "in order to preserve biodiversity the organization is collecting wild and cultivated varieties from Ethiopia and South Sudan. World Coffee Research World Coffee Research is a non-profit research and development program. The organization was founded with participation or funds from thirty coffee industry groups including the Specialty Coffee Association of America, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Peet's Coffee & Tea, Counter Culture Coffee, the coffee importers InterAmerican Coffee, and specialty coffee providers Coffee Bean International. Geneticist Timothy Schilling is the Executive Director of the organization which is part of the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture at Texas A&M University. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17253511", "score": "0.9915252", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Colombian coffee growing axis", "text": "- the Wax Palm, which grows up to 60 metres tall. Colombian coffee growing axis The Colombian coffee Region (), also known as the Coffee Triangle () is a part of the Colombian Paisa region in the rural area of Colombia. It is famous for growing and producing majority of Colombian coffee, considered by many to be the best coffee in the world. There are four departments in the area: Caldas, Quindío Risaralda and Tolima. The most visited cities are Manizales, Armenia Pereira and Ibague Coffee was first grown commercially in Colombia in Salazar de las Palmas, north of Santander,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7487914", "score": "0.99053335", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Astrid Medina", "text": "with guerrillas. In 2014, Medina started to produce speciality coffee under a scheme for developing late-harvest coffee launched by the National Federation of Coffee Growers. On 13 March 2015, she won the annual Cup of Excellence award for Colombian coffee in a ceremony held in Ibagué, the departmental capital of Tolima. The judges commented on the coffee's \"creamy body with sweet and fruity notes\". Medina subsequently reported that the award had changed her life, as her speciality coffee sold for over 10 times the normal price of Arabica. The profits have allowed her to improve the farm's infrastructure, to travel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20666359", "score": "0.9864962", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Coffea", "text": "2008 and 2009, researchers from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew named seven from the mountains of northern Madagascar, including \"C. ambongensis\", \"C. boinensis\", \"C. labatii\", \"C. pterocarpa\", \"C. bissetiae,\" and \"C. namorokensis.\" In 2008, two new species were discovered in Cameroon. \"Coffea charrieriana\", which is caffeine-free, and \"Coffea anthonyi\". By crossing the new species with other known coffees, two new features might be introduced to cultivated coffee plants: beans without caffeine and self-pollination. In 2014, the coffee genome was published, with more than 25,000 genes identified. This revealed that coffee plants make caffeine using a different set of genes from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "73401", "score": "0.98619586", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Coffee", "text": "final competition each year. The competition includes the following events: Barista Championship, Brewers Cup, Latte Art and Cup Tasters. A World Brewer's Cup Championship takes place in Melbourne, Australia, every year that houses contestants from around the world to crown the World's Coffee King. Organizations: Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain \"Coffea\" species. The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3002065", "score": "0.97970295", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Coffea", "text": "in the tropics, coffee is a vigorous bush or small tree that usually grows to a height of . Most commonly cultivated coffee species grow best at high elevations, but do not tolerate freezing temperatures. The tree of \"Coffea arabica\" will grow fruits after three to five years, producing for an average of 50 to 60 years, although up to 100 is possible. The white flowers are highly scented. The fruit takes about 9 months to ripen. The caffeine in coffee \"beans\" serves as a toxic substance protecting the seeds of the plant, a form of natural plant defense against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "73399", "score": "0.9754268", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Coffee production in Costa Rica", "text": "produce the most desirable coffee beans in Costa Rica. In 2012, Tarrazú Geisha coffee became the most expensive coffee sold by Starbucks in 48 of their stores in the United States, using the Clover automated French press. The Agriculture and Livestock Ministry and the Costa Rican Coffee Institute organise an annual festival: National Coffee Day, during which a producer is awarded the Cup of Excellence for the highest quality of coffee produced in Costa Rica. The winner sells their coffee through an auction to the international community. The major growing regions and season are illustrated in the table below. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12126789", "score": "0.9744134", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Coffee", "text": "Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds. Indonesia is the third-largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia", "text": "His return to the Federation marked the reappearance of one of Colombia's most important coffee names in an active role in the industry. Under Ospina Pérez' aegis, the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia successfully consolidated the nation's coffee industry and promoted it in the world markets to great effect. Colombia became the largest producer of prime \"Coffea arabica\" coffee in the world. He laid a very solid corporative foundation, and today, the Colombian Coffee Federation congregates and supports over 500,000 independent coffee growers and small farmers. The general managers or directors of the National Federation of Coffee Growers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4572163", "score": "0.9741863", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "World Coffee Research", "text": "World Coffee Research World Coffee Research is a non-profit research and development program. The organization was founded with participation or funds from thirty coffee industry groups including the Specialty Coffee Association of America, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Peet's Coffee & Tea, Counter Culture Coffee, the coffee importers InterAmerican Coffee, and specialty coffee providers Coffee Bean International. Geneticist Timothy Schilling is the Executive Director of the organization which is part of the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture at Texas A&M University. The organization funds and facilitates research relating to enhancing and protecting varieties of coffee as a commodity. For example,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17253510", "score": "0.97152746", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Coffee", "text": "Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain \"Coffea\" species. The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are \"C. arabica\" and \"C. robusta\". Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as \"beans\") are roasted to varying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3001968", "score": "0.97092104", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "George Howell (entrepreneur)", "text": "Achievement Award to George Howell in 1996. “Mr. Howell (is) a walking encyclopedia of coffee.”—Florence Fabricant, food columnist for The New York Times, 1993. “More than perhaps any other roaster in the country, the Coffee Connection focuses on selling the most quintessential example from each coffee-producing country. [George Howell] is trying to purify and identify the core essence of each origin: What is it that makes Guatemala Antigua so good?”—The Perfect Cup by Timothy James Castle (Aris Books, 1991). “Back in 1994, before George Howell sold … the Coffee Connection … to Starbucks, he had the best selection of green", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11175933", "score": "0.9695165", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Coffee production in Papua New Guinea", "text": "Coffee production in Papua New Guinea Coffee production in Papua New Guinea is the country’s second largest agricultural export, after oil palm, and employs approximately 2.5 million people. It accounts for approximately 1% of world production, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Coffee is the highest foreign exchange earner for Papua New Guinea, the majority of which is grown in the Eastern Highland Province, the Western Highland Province, and Simbu. With the industry not derived on a colonial plantation-based system, production is largely by small farmers with land holdings that grow as little as 20", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14938652", "score": "0.9648849", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "World Coffee Producers Forum", "text": "The first forum was held in Medellín, Colombia, in July of 2017 and consisted of over 1,300 attendees from 41 different coffee-producing countries. Speakers and panelists included industry leaders, economists, analysts, leaders of several Latin American countries, as well as former US President Bill Clinton. The focus of the forum was the intersection of coffee and sustainable development, specifically economic sustainability, rural development and socioeconomic indicators, and adaptation to climate change. The forum explored these topics through moderated panel discussions on the first day and focused working groups on the second day. This conversational structure of the forum was meant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20704715", "score": "0.9647752", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "History of coffee", "text": "be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight anywhere in the world. There are approximately 250,000 coffee growers in India; 98% of them are small growers. As of 2009, the production of coffee in India was only 4.5% of the total production in the world. Almost 80% of the country's coffee production is exported. Of that which is exported, 70% is bound for Germany, Russian federation, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France, and Italy accounts for 29% of the exports. Most of the export is shipped through the Suez Canal. Coffee is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8069333", "score": "0.9611636", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Coffee Bloom", "text": "Automated\". Several reviews praised the performance of the lead actors. The Soundtrack was composed by Prasad Ruparel and the lyrics were penned by Pranab Gohain. Coffee Bloom Coffee Bloom is a 2014 Indian romantic drama film directed by debutant director Manu Warrier. It stars Arjun Mathur and Sugandha Garg in lead roles. The film is produced by Speaking Tree Productions. It tells the story of a young man Dev, who sells his family coffee estate as a statement underlining his renunciation of the world. The film was premiered at Mumbai Film Festival, organized by Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18595190", "score": "0.9596004", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Su Friedrich", "text": "Guatemalan countryside, we follow the bean from the exporter in Guatemala City, to the importer in Charleston, SC, then on to the roaster in Queens before it ends up in the Manhattan pushcart. Rather than make a traditional social documentary, Friedrich made a film that echoed her own experience, \"which was that of being stunned by the unimaginable scale and complexity of the coffee industry and the often grueling physical labor required to get those seedling to eventually yield a cup of coffee.\" During the making of the film Friedrich became a supporter of the fair trade coffee movement, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9965151", "score": "0.9561466", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Mexico Real Cafe", "text": "German and Italian immigrants relocated from different Central American countries. During the 19th century coffee was introduced in Chiapas in particular in the south region. Given its location, rainforest climate, coffee production and landscapes this region has become a tourist attraction. The area where the coffee plantations are located is the rainiest in Mexico. In 2000, Mexico was among the biggest cultivators of organic coffee beans in the world. Coffee yields continue to vary widely in Mexico due to variations in crop care and weather. Reports have indicated that about 98 percent of the coffee produced in Mexico is of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20179209", "score": "0.95508754", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ulrica Arfvidsson", "text": "of coffee leaves. Thereby earning the nickname \"Kaffepytissan\" (The Coffee Seeress). During this time, several professional female fortune tellers supported themselves by this method, and they were commonly referred to as \"coffee goddesses\", but Arfvidsson became the most successful of her trade. She had two assistants. One was the former domestic of her childhood home, Maja Persdotter. The other has been called Adrophia, Adotia and Adrecka Dordi (d. 1800), who was of African origin and described as a Turkish woman from Morocco, which was seen as exotic. Nothing is known of her origin other than that she had arrived to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10143541", "score": "0.95223284", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "National Coffee Park", "text": "one million visitors in 2017. The idea for a coffee museum came after Diego Arango Mora and his wife Margarita visited the Sugar Museum in nearby Valle del Cauca Department. Margarita remarked that if the country had a museum dedicated to sugar, it should also have one dedicated to Colombia's best known export. Arango, a member of the Departmental Committee of Coffee Growers of Quindío, agreed and contacted Jorge Cárdenas Gutiérrez, the head of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia, who was also receptive to the idea. When Arango was elected to chair the National Congress of Coffee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7487995", "score": "0.9516188", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Todd Carmichael", "text": "2011, and became an Official Selection at the Newport Beach Film Festival 2011. He is currently the host of his own reality/adventure series on the Travel Channel entitled \"Dangerous Grounds\", where he travels to the most remote and renowned coffee-producing regions of the world, sourcing for La Colombe. The television show premiered on November 5, 2012, and immediately received favorable ratings and reviews. Dangerous Grounds is now in its third season of production, set to premiere on February 26, 2015. Carmichael was a prolific contributor to \"Esquire Magazine\"'s \"Eat Like a Man\" blog, where he covered subjects mainly related to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12828498", "score": "0.95044684", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Coffee in world cultures", "text": "coffee across the world. The heritage of coffee grown all around the world can be found in the forests of Ethiopia, where the theory of its origins also resides. According to local legend, a goat herder named Kaldi saw his goats eating coffee \"berries\". This caused them to gain extreme amounts of energy, preventing them from sleeping at night. He brought this information to local monks, who created a drink with the coffee beans. One monk who drank the concoction found that it allowed him to stay up all night and pray. As this information spread to other Ethiopian monks,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19735076", "score": "0.9494337", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "History of coffee", "text": "from the Indonesian Archipelago. The colloquial name for coffee, Java, comes from the time when most of Europe and America's coffee was grown in Java. Today Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producers in the world, mainly for export. However coffee is enjoyed in various ways around the archipelago like traditional \"Kopi Ende\" which is with ginger to fancy new ways in Jakartas many coffee shops like Anomali. The Philippines is one of the few countries that produces the four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica (Barako), Excelsa and Robusta. Climatic and soil conditions in the Philippines –", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8069341", "score": "0.94828665", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Coffee in world cultures", "text": "is an espresso made with sugar. A less sweet version is the coradito, an espresso with steamed milk. Although Canada consumes more coffee than the United States, the populations of both countries enjoy quick, fast, and sugary consumptions of coffee. Both are dominated by coffee chains (e.g. Tim Horton's and Starbucks), yet have different coffee cultures from region to region. For example, the Northeastern U.S. mostly wants fast coffee (e.g. Dunkin Donuts \"Everybody runs on Dunkin\" slogan). While places like Portland, OR and San Francisco, CA have developed a more hipster-esque style café-roaster coffee culture. Coffee culture is a relatively", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19735094", "score": "0.9468994", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Ospina Coffee Company", "text": "had been granted political asylum by the Guatemalan government. They settled in the Pacific piedmont region called \"“Costa Cuca”\", where they established their main coffee plantation \"“Las Mercedes”\". This coffee plantation became known throughout Central America as the most productive and best managed. Mariano Ospina Rodríguez returned to Colombia with his wife Enriqueta and their children in October 1871. They relocated in the town of Fredonia, Antioquia, where they continued with their coffee business, enterprise and plantations. In 1880, the National Press (of Colombia) published the first instruction manual for coffee growing, written by Ospina Rodríguez, titled \"“Cultivo del Café:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14127229", "score": "0.9464334", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia", "text": "to develop Indonesia coffee industry. Indonesia is the fourth largest exporter of coffee in the world, with production of 648.000 metric tons (10.8 million bags) of coffee in 2017 (ICO Monthly Coffee Market Report December 2017). Of this total, around 70% exported and the rest were consumed domestically. Of the exports, 25% are \"Coffea arabica\" and the balance is \"Coffea canephora\". The specialty coffee market is the best opportunity for growth in Indonesia's coffee industry. In the U.S., specialty coffee has increased its market share from 1% to 20% in the last 25 years. Also, because of the uniqueness of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12314850", "score": "0.94546205", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Economics of coffee", "text": "billion coffee plants; it is a more labour-intensive culture than alternative cultures of the same regions as sugar cane or cattle, as it is not subject to automation and requires constant attention. Coffee is a major export commodity: it was the top agricultural export for twelve countries in 2004, the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value in 2005, and \"the second most valuable commodity exported by developing countries,\" from 1970 to circa 2000. This last fact is frequently misstated; see coffee commodity market. Further, green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8069406", "score": "0.94389564", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Coffee production in India", "text": "then to Arabia (Yemen). The earliest history is traced to 875 AD according to the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, and the original source to Ethiopia (Abyssinia) from where it was brought to Arabia in the 15th century. In the Indian context, coffee growing started with an Indian Muslim saint, Baba Budan, who, while returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca, smuggled seven coffee beans (by hiding them in his beard) from Yemen to Mysore in India. He planted them on the Chandragiri Hills (), now named after the saint as Baba Budan Giri (‘Giri’ means “hill”) in Chikkamangaluru district. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12341789", "score": "0.94303054", "original_retrieval_index": 41 } ]

[ "2022" ]

[ { "title": "2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "the 1990 and 1994 Commonwealth Games but lost to Auckland and Victoria respectively. The Hamilton bid was Canada's attempt to hold the games for the fifth time. The organisation of 2010 Commonwealth Games was beset by delays: in January 2010, the Indian Olympic Association vice-chairman Raja Randhir Singh expressed concern that Delhi was not up to speed in forming and organising its games committee and, following a 2009 Indian Government report showing two-thirds of venues were behind schedule, Commonwealth Games Federation president Mike Fennell stated that the slow progress of preparations represented a serious risk to the event. Singh also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2294708", "score": "1.1865886", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2013 South Asian Games", "text": "chosen as host so that the sport infrastructure built for the 2010 Commonwealth Games remains in use. Initially, the Games were expected to be held in October, 2012. However, during the General Body meeting of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) on December 16, 2011, it was decided to postpone the Games to February, 2013. The primary concern highlighted was that the original plan meant that the Games would be held only two months after the 2012 Summer Olympics, a fact which made athletes uncomfortable. In addition, the Delhi Government had stated that \"accommodation would be a problem during October-November\". In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16278951", "score": "1.1725519", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2014 Commonwealth Games", "text": "to a standard which would continue to enhance the image and prestige of the Games.\" This put Glasgow ahead in terms of the technical comprehensiveness of its bid. The final decision on the host city of the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 9 November 2007 at the Commonwealth Games Federation General Assembly, attended by all 71 Commonwealth Games member associations. Each bid city made a presentation to the General Assembly, the order of which was determined by drawing lots. Glasgow's delegation was led by Louise Martin, chair of the Commonwealth Games Council for Scotland, First", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5743920", "score": "1.1491555", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Chronological summary of the 2014 Commonwealth Games", "text": "Chronological summary of the 2014 Commonwealth Games The 2014 Commonwealth Games (officially the XX Commonwealth Games) were held in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014. It is the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 countries and territories competing in 18 different sports, although the country previously hosted the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh. Over the last 10 years, however, Glasgow and Scotland had staged World, Commonwealth, European, or British events in all 18 sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, including the World Badminton Championships in 1997. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18175794", "score": "1.1483703", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "Indian Government released several months prior found that construction work on 13 out of the 19 sports venues was behind schedule. The Chief of the Indian Olympic Association shri Narendra Modi has also expressed his concerns regarding the current state of affairs. Singh has called for the revamp of the Organising Committee commenting that India now has to \"retrieve the games\". Other Indian officials have also expressed dismay at the ongoing delays but they have stated that they are confident that India will successfully host the games and do so on time. As the Times of India reports, all CWG", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14888902", "score": "1.1477368", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "of the 2010 Commonwealth Games (led by Suresh Kalmadi), to not release any staffer from their positions till the probe committee's work is finished. 2010 Commonwealth Games The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Delhi 2010, was an international multi-sport event that was held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events, making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date. It was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2294740", "score": "1.1311464", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2014 Commonwealth Games", "text": "hosted the Commonwealth Games. The deadline for formal submission of bids to the Commonwealth Games Federation, in the form of a Candidate City File, was set for May 2007. Both bids were highly recommended, though Glasgow's bid team had made use of extensive benchmarking against the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne and as a result, its bid was deemed technically superior according to the CGF Evaluation Report that was released in September 2007. The Commonwealth Games Evaluation Commission concluded that: \"Glasgow has shown it has the ability to stage the 2014 Commonwealth Games", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5743919", "score": "1.1295414", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Commonwealth Games (The Goodies)", "text": "next Commonwealth Games are to be held). \"August Bank Holiday Islands - where's that?\" asked Graeme, to which the Minister for Sport replied: \"Between Easter Island and Christmas Island.\" The Goodies are asked to train the British Commonwealth athletic team to top fitness, but the potential members of the team are all former Members of Parliament, and not athletes — they are also very old and fail the test, and the Goodies have to take their places in the team. Amongst the sporting equipment given to the Goodies are extremely heavy boots which, the Minister informs them, is to combat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9460112", "score": "1.1254474", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2026 Commonwealth Games", "text": "2026 Commonwealth Games The 2026 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXIII Commonwealth Games, is a multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth to be organised in a city designated by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). The host city will be selected at the 2019 CGF General Assembly in Kigali, Rwanda. During the CGF General Assembly on 31 March 2017 in Gold Coast, the executive board announced that they had planned to award both 2026 and 2030 Commonwealth Games simultaneously at the CGF General Assembly in September 2019. The 71 Commonwealth Games Associations (CGAs) were informed of an 18-month-long consultative", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18943835", "score": "1.1243584", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2022 Commonwealth Games", "text": "The Games are expected to take place between 27 July and 7 August 2022. The city was announced as the host at a press conference at the Arena Academy in Birmingham on 21 December 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "Rebecca Adlington said that the water quality was absolutely fine. After the opening ceremony, the ground at the athletics arena was damaged, and the grass infield and the track was still being re-laid two hours before competition started. An Indian newspaper during the games reported that used condoms flushed down the toilets in the athlete's village had caused some drains to become blocked, necessitating action by plumbers to clear the pipes. Australian athletes have been accused of vandalizing the towers of the athletes' village they were staying in by breaking furniture and electrical fittings. Delhi Police did not press the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14888916", "score": "1.1224723", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "stadium of the event. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. It was also the first time a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games, second in a country not presently headed by British monarch since Malaysia in 1998. The official mascot of the Games was \"Shera\" and the official song of the Games, \"Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto\", was composed by Academy and Grammy awardee Indian recording artist A.R. Rahman. Preparation for the Games received widespread international media attention, with criticism", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2294704", "score": "1.1207359", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "the Australian Commonwealth Games Organising Committee was quick to dismiss Fraser's fears with ACGA chief executive, Perry Crosswhite saying he believed there will be no security issues during the games event. John Coates, Australia's Olympic chief, came down hard on the organisers, alleging teams were being forced to temporary accommodation at hotels. \"I don't think it is a cultural thing. When you agree to host [the Games], you are required to provide the basics in terms of health and hygiene for the athletes. The Games shouldn't have been awarded to Delhi in hindsight.\" A number of athletes withdrew from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14888935", "score": "1.1154296", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Chronological summary of the 2014 Commonwealth Games", "text": "page contains a chronological summary of major events from the Games. The Opening Ceremony was held at 21:00 at Celtic Park in Glasgow, Scotland. Sports during Day 1 included cycling, gymnastics, judo, swimming, triathlon and weightlifting. Sports during Day 2 included cycling, gymnastics, judo, shooting, swimming and weightlifting. Sports during Day 3 included cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting, swimming, triathlon and weightlifting. Sports during Day 4 included athletics, cycling, lawn bowls, rugby sevens, shooting, swimming and weightlifting. Sports during Day 5 included athletics, badminton, lawn bowls, shooting, squash, swimming and weightlifting. Sports during Day 6 included athletics, cycling, gymnastics,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18175795", "score": "1.113873", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2018 Commonwealth Games", "text": "claim which Channel 7 later refuted. 2018 Commonwealth Games The 2018 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Gold Coast 2018, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was the fifth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games and the first time a major multi-sport event achieved gender equality by having an equal number of events for males and female athletes. More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11145478", "score": "1.1105629", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2014 Commonwealth Games", "text": "2014 Commonwealth Games The 2014 Commonwealth Games (), officially known as the XX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Glasgow 2014, (), was an international multi-sport event celebrated in the tradition of the Commonwealth Games as governed by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). It took place in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014. Glasgow was selected as the host city on 9 November 2007 during CGF General Assembly in Colombo, Sri Lanka, defeating Abuja, Nigeria. It was the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5743914", "score": "1.1088464", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "ever.\" Canadian Secretary of State (Sport) Gary Lunn supported the Games as well, claiming the Canadian delegation would \"not get influenced by the negative publicity\" surrounding the games. He added the difficulties faced by large events are often exaggerated by the media, as Canada had found during the Vancouver Winter Olympics earlier in the year. Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games, were held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 nations in the Commonwealth of Nations competed in 272 events", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14950503", "score": "1.1082634", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Delhi", "text": "sports event held in India. The opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi at 7:00 pm Indian Standard Time on 3 October 2010. The ceremony featured over 8,000 performers and lasted for two and a half hours. It is estimated that were spent to produce the ceremony. Events took place at 12 competition venues. 20 training venues were used in the Games, including seven venues within Delhi University. The rugby stadium in Delhi University North Campus hosted rugby games for Commonwealth Games. The mess", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "485544", "score": "1.1079683", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2018 Commonwealth Games", "text": "returned to the Commonwealth Games after being readmitted as a Commonwealth Games Federation member on 31 March 2018. The regulations stated that from the 26 approved sports administered by Commonwealth Governing Bodies, a minimum of ten core sports and maximum of seventeen sports must be included in any Commonwealth Games schedule. The approved sports included the 10 core sports: athletics, badminton, boxing, hockey, lawn bowls, netball (for women), rugby sevens, squash, swimming and weightlifting. Integrated disabled competitions were also scheduled for the Games in nine sports: swimming, athletics, cycling, table tennis, powerlifting and lawn bowls. Along with these events for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11145468", "score": "1.1060119", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Commonwealth Games", "text": "and the Games are officially closed. The CGF president also speaks about the conduct of the games. The mayor of the city that organized the Games transfers the CGF flag to the president of the CGF, who then passes it on to the mayor of the city hosting the next Commonwealth Games. The next host nation then also briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theater representative of its culture. Many great artists and singers had performed at the ceremonies of the Commonwealth Games. At the closing ceremony of every Commonwealth Games the CGF President makes an award", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "508382", "score": "1.1042436", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gold Coast bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games", "text": "city after the games have ended. Commonwealth Games celebrated in Australia Gold Coast bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games The Gold Coast bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games was a successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games by the city of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It beat the Hambantota bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games to host the games, which will be held over 11 days, with the opening ceremony on 4 April 2018, and the last day of competition and closing ceremony on 15 April 2018. On 22 August 2008, the Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, officially launched", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20287006", "score": "1.1034132", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2018 Commonwealth Games", "text": "2018 Commonwealth Games The 2018 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Gold Coast 2018, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was the fifth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games and the first time a major multi-sport event achieved gender equality by having an equal number of events for males and female athletes. More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event. The Gambia which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11145441", "score": "1.1024477", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "of the Games. Four days before the start of the games, tickets for the opening, closing ceremonies, and the 100 m athletics were still not sold out. The Sydney Morning Herald wrote that despite Kalmadi's \"blind optimism\", the games were not going to be the best ever. Instead, it wrote that it was \"probably the most interesting.\" The opening ceremony played a key role in improving the image of the Games. As athletes arrived and competitions started, many earlier critics changed their view. The Australian Sports Minister said that India could now aim for the Olympics, and the President of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14888948", "score": "1.1003423", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony", "text": "2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony The opening ceremony for the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held at Celtic Park in Glasgow, Scotland, between 21:00 and 23:40 BST, on 23 July 2014. The ceremony was directed by David Zolkwer and included the 2014 Commonwealth Games Parade of Nations where 71 athletes, bearing the flags of their respective nations and territories, led their national delegations as they paraded into the stadium. The games were formally opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. She referred to the Commonwealth's \"shared ideals and ambitions\" and the \"bonds that unite\" its members. The programme, which included about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18168076", "score": "1.1002924", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2011 Commonwealth Youth Games", "text": "the Villa Marina on 13 September. Isle of Man had unsuccessfully bid to host the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games, losing to the bid of India for Pune. In October 2008 the organising committee released a provisional events programme. All events were held between September 9 and 11, 2011 The 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games program featured seven sports, two fewer from previous Games in Pune. 64 commonwealth nations competed at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games. Fiji was barred from the Games as it was suspended from the Commonwealth. Both Norfolk Island and Vanuatu withdrew from the competition, as both Norfolk Island", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7382225", "score": "1.0988055", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games", "text": "Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games, were held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 nations in the Commonwealth of Nations competed in 272 events in 21 sports. The games were the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and in India, eclipsing the 1982 Asian Games that Delhi hosted. Events took place at twelve competition venues, and twenty venues were set aside as training venues. Other venues in the games included the Commonwealth Games Village and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14950488", "score": "1.0982561", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Commonwealth Games", "text": "medal table is Australia, followed by England and Canada. The 2010 Commonwealth Games were held in Delhi, India. The Games cost $11 billion and are the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India,also the first time that a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events. The final medal tally was led by Australia. The host nation India achieved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "508367", "score": "1.0962493", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Commonwealth Games", "text": "benchmark for hosting the Commonwealth Games and for cities wishing to bid for them with a heavy emphasis on legacy. The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The only difference between the 2006 games and the 2002 games was the absence of Zimbabwe, which withdrew from the Commonwealth of Nations. For the first time in the history of the Games the Queen's Baton visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games, a journey of 180,000 km (112,500 miles). Over 4000 athletes took part in the sporting competitions. Again the Top 3 on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "508366", "score": "1.0946431", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "2026 Commonwealth Games", "text": "bidding process for the 2026 and 2030 editions of the Games, under the new CGF Partnerships model. This step will allow the Commonwealth Sports Movement to capitalise on the Federation's innovative new Games delivery model, CGF Partnerships (CGFP) which aims to support host nations and cities and enhance the overall value of hosting the Games. 2026 Commonwealth Games The 2026 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXIII Commonwealth Games, is a multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth to be organised in a city designated by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). The host city will be selected at the 2019", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18943836", "score": "1.0945269", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "2006 Commonwealth Games", "text": "in her capacity as Head of the Commonwealth. The Queen is also Head of State of a number of Commonwealth countries. Both the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the Yarra River were again centrepieces for the ceremony. Samresh Jung of India was given the David Dixon Award at the closing ceremony. He was the \"Best Athlete of the 18th Commonwealth Games\". The games were closed by , Prince Edward. The logo of the 2006 Commonwealth Games is an image of 2 figures, which represents sport and culture, achievement and excellence, while the colours green, yellow, and red represents celebratory, fresh and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1511017", "score": "1.0942513", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "Internal epithelia", "the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells" ]

[ { "title": "Cell communication (biology)", "text": "nervous system. Tight signals are just about what the sound like. The 2 cells are squished up against each other, directly connecting the 2 cells membranes, but the contents of the cell are not connected since there is no tube running between the cells. This type of cell connection takes place where certain fluids need to be contained in certain parts of the body like intestines, kidneys, and the bladder. This junction forms a water tight seal, prohibiting the fluids contained in these organs from circulating at will through the body. Desmosome cell junctions physically hold the cells together, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19006209", "score": "1.03479", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Cell junction", "text": "extracellular fluid. Gap junctions play vital roles in the human body, including their role in the uniform contractile of the heart muscle. They are also relevant in signal transfers in the brain, and their absence shows a decreased cell density in the brain. Retinal and skin cells are also dependent on gap junctions in cell differentiation and proliferation. Found in vertebrate epithelia, tight junctions act as barriers that regulate the movement of water and solutes between epithelial layers. Tight junctions are classified as a paracellular barrier which is defined as not having directional discrimination; however, movement of the solute is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4925554", "score": "1.029656", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Drug delivery to the brain", "text": "allow larger molecules to pass between them. The structure of these tight junctions was first determined in the 1960s by Tom Reese, Morris Kranovsky and Milton Brightman. These tight junctions are formed through the tight apposition of the endothelial cells with one another. Furthermore, astrocytic, \"end feet\" \"the terminal regions of the astrocytic processes surround the outside of the capillary endothelial cell\". The astrocytes are glial cells that are restricted to the brain and spinal cord that work to maintain an appropriate environment for neural signaling. The connection between these glial and endothelial cells is not very well known but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16116484", "score": "1.0103425", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Cell–cell interaction", "text": "type can only adhere to cells of the same tissue rather than to a different tissue. Tight junctions are multi-protein complexes that hold cells of a same tissue together and prevent movement of water and water-soluble molecules between cells. In epithelial cells, they function also to separate the extracellular fluid surrounding their apical and basolateral membranes. These junctions exist as a continuous band located just below the apical surface between the membranes of neighboring epithelial cells. The tight junctions on adjacent cells line up so as to produce a seal between different tissues and body cavities. For example, the apical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13958712", "score": "0.9958072", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Tight junction", "text": "the case. Epithelia are classed as \"tight\" or \"leaky\", depending on the ability of the tight junctions to prevent water and solute movement: Tight junction Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens) are multiprotein junctional complexes whose general function is to prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seals the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective channels for small cations, anions, or water. Tight junctions are present only in vertebrates. The corresponding junctions that occur in invertebrates are septate junctions. Tight junctions are composed of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5291388", "score": "0.9934797", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cell adhesion", "text": "strength and resistance to mechanical stress by unloading forces onto the flexible but resilient intermediate filaments, something that cannot occur with the rigid actin filaments. This makes desmosomes important in tissues that encounter high levels of mechanical stress, such as heart muscle and epithelia, and explains why it appears frequently in these types of tissues. Tight junctions are normally present in epithelial and endothelial tissues, where they seal gaps and regulate paracellular transport of solutes and extracellular fluids in these tissues that function as barriers. Tight junction is formed by transmembrane proteins, including claudins, occludins and tricellulins, that bind closely", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2818644", "score": "0.98801005", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Cell communication (biology)", "text": "do not allow the cells to pass materials between each other like in gap junction. Desmosome junctions connect the cell with a thread like substance that also connect to the cytoskeleton aiding in the structural support of the cell. These types of junctions are found in areas of the body that undergo a lot of stress, require a lot of flexibility, and movement such as the epidermis and intestines. The breakdown of cell communication result in many forms of diseases and the different types of communication breakdown produce different diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the product when a signal is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19006210", "score": "0.98132306", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cell communication (biology)", "text": "with each other through a process called cell junction. Cell junction can happen in many forms, but the three main forms of cell junction are gap junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Gap junctions have a very crucial job that cause a tube to form between the 2 cells allowing in the transport of ions and water. Gap junction tubes help the cells to spread electrochemical signals from cell to cell. Electrochemical signals are the product of action potentials that occur in neurons and cardiac cells. Without gap junctions, we would not be able to have a beating heart or functioning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19006208", "score": "0.9664843", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Tight junction", "text": "Tight junction Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens) are multiprotein junctional complexes whose general function is to prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seals the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective channels for small cations, anions, or water. Tight junctions are present only in vertebrates. The corresponding junctions that occur in invertebrates are septate junctions. Tight junctions are composed of a branching network of sealing strands, each strand acting independently from the others. Therefore, the efficiency of the junction in preventing ion passage increases", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5291385", "score": "0.9639808", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Tight junction", "text": "In human physiology there are two main types of epithelia using distinct types of barrier mechanism. Epidermal structures such as skin form a barrier from many layers of keratinized squamous cells. Internal epithelia on the other hand more often rely on tight junctions for their barrier function. This kind of barrier is mostly formed by only one or two layers of cells. It was long unclear whether tight cell junctions also play any role in the barrier function of the skin and similar external epithelia but recent research suggests that this is indeed the case.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Connexon", "text": "smaller units of connexons, called connexins, possibly leading to the onset of heart disease. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes, type I and II, affects similar locations within cells of the heart and pancreas. This location is the gap junction, where connexons facilitate rapid cell-to-cell interactions via electrical transmissions. Gap junctions are often present at nerve endings such as in cardiac muscle and are important in maintaining homeostasis in the liver and proper function of the kidneys.The gap junction itself is a structure that is a specialized transmembrane protein formed by a connexon hemichannel. Cardiovascular disease and possibly type I and II", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3374727", "score": "0.9566394", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "junction gap between two cells. When viewed in the plane of the membrane by freeze-fracture techniques, higher-resolution distribution of connexons within the gap junction plaque is possible. Connexin free islands are observed in some junctions. The observation was largely without explanation until vesicles were shown by Peracchia using TEM thin sections to be systematically associated with gap junction plaques. Peracchia's study was probably also the first study to describe paired connexon structures, which he called somewhat simply a \"globule\". Studies showing vesicles associated with gap junctions and proposing the vesicle contents may move across the junction plaques between two cells", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189194", "score": "0.9517852", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Intestinal epithelium", "text": "and cadherin families. They are located in the membrane at the contact points between the cells. They are formed by interactions between intracellular adapter proteins, transmembrane proteins and the actin cytoskeletons of the cells . Besides their role in linking adjacent cells, these complexes are important for regulating epithelial migration, cell polarity, and the formation of other cell junction complexes. Tight junctions, also called zonula occludens, are the most important components of the intenstinal epithelium for its barrier function. These complexes, formed primarily of members of the claudin and the occludin families, consist of about 35 different proteins, form a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11511076", "score": "0.94929504", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "cells throughout the body of most animals. Electrical coupling can be relatively fast acting. Tissues in this section have well known functions observed to be coordinated by gap junctions with inter-cellular signaling happening in time frames of micro-seconds or less. Gap junctions are particularly important in cardiac muscle: the signal to contract is passed efficiently through gap junctions, allowing the heart muscle cells to contract in unison. Gap junctions are expressed in virtually all tissues of the body, with the exception of adult fully developed skeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. Several human genetic disorders", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189188", "score": "0.9476107", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Stress fiber", "text": "adherens junctions. Tight junctions, or zona occludens, are the most important cellular element for the formation of semi-permeable barriers within or between tissues. Tight junctions primarily consist of claudins and occludins, which are membrane proteins that form the cell-cell contact, as well as ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3, which link tight junctions to the actin cytoskeleton. However, tight junctions have not been found to be directly linked to stress fibers, like they are for focal adhesions and adherens junctions. Focal adhesions are macromolecular assemblies that are used to connect cells to the ECM. They consist of three functional layers: an ECM-associated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11430771", "score": "0.9429858", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "term \"gap junction\" appeared to be coined about 16 years later circa 1969. A similar narrow regular gap was not demonstrated in other intercellular junctions photographed using the TEM at the time. Well before the demonstration of the \"gap\" in gap junctions they were seen at the junction of neighboring nerve cells. The close proximity of the neighboring cell membranes at the gap junction lead researchers to speculate that they had a role in intercellular communication, in particular the transmission of electrical signals. Gap junctions were also proven to be electrically rectifying and referred to as an electrical synapse. Later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189192", "score": "0.93938875", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Epithelium", "text": "determines which substances will be able to enter the epithelium. Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. They consist of protein complexes and provide contact between neighbouring cells, between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or they build up the paracellular barrier of epithelia and control the paracellular transport. Cell junctions are the contact points between plasma membrane and tissue cells. There are mainly 5 different types of cell junctions: tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and gap junctions. Tight junctions are a pair of trans-membrane protein fused on outer plasma membrane. Adherens junctions are a plaque (protein layer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2032127", "score": "0.9372847", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Cell junction", "text": "is the protein molecule responsible for the selective permeability between epithelial layers. A three-dimensional image is still yet to be achieved and as such specific information about the function of tight junctions is yet to be determined. Tricellular junctions seal epithelia at the corners of three cells. Due to the geometry of three-cell vertices, the sealing of the cells at these sites requires a specific junctional organization, different from those in bicellular junctions. In vertebrates, components tricellular junctions are tricellulin and lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptors. In invertebrates, the components are gliotactin and anakonda. Tricellular junctions are also implicated in the regulation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4925556", "score": "0.9341668", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "channel is composed of two connexons (or hemichannels), which connect across the intercellular space. Gap junctions are analogous to the plasmodesmata that join plant cells. Gap junctions occur in virtually all tissues of the body, with the exception of adult fully developed skeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. Gap junctions, however, are not found in simpler organisms such as sponges and slime molds. In vertebrates, gap junction hemichannels are primarily homo- or hetero-hexamers of connexin proteins. Invertebrate gap junctions comprise proteins from the innexin family. Innexins have no significant sequence homology with connexins. Though differing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189178", "score": "0.93138087", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Cell adhesion", "text": "to each other on adjacent membranes in a homophilic manner. Similar to anchoring junctions, intracellular domains of these tight junction proteins are bound with scaffold proteins that keep these proteins in clusters and link them to actin filaments in order to maintain structure of the tight junction. Claudins, essential for formation of tight junctions, form paracellular pores which allow selective passage of specific ions across tight junctions making the barrier selectively permeable. Gap junctions are composed of channels called connexons, which consist of transmembrane proteins called connexins clustered in groups of six. Connexons from adjacent cells form continuous channels when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2818645", "score": "0.9261204", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Segmentation in the human nervous system", "text": "of the plates is maintained constant. Although intercellular connections mechanisms such as gap junctions and tight junctions are formed in the cells of the segmental plates, tight junctions are not involved in large network of cells as observed commonly in mature epithelium. A cell-cell adhesion chemical, namely calcium dependent N-cadherin, is present at varying concentrations in the anterior and posterior parts as it is expressed at a higher concentration in the anterior portion of the segmental plate and at lower concentration at the posterior part. During segmentation, the concentration of N-cadherin increases at the apical portion of the cell surface.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683872", "score": "0.9196422", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Epidermis", "text": "no blood supply and is nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air. Epidermal cells are tightly interconnected to serve as a tight barrier against the exterior environment. The junctions between the epidermal cells are of the adherens junction type, formed by transmembrane proteins called cadherins. Inside the cell, the cadherins are linked to actin filaments. In immunofluorescence microscopy, the actin filament network appears as a thick border surrounding the cells, although the actin filaments are actually located inside the cell and run parallel to the cell membrane. Because of the proximity of the neighboring cells and tightness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2174135", "score": "0.9193157", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Glia limitans", "text": "cells were first cultured alone and the tight junctions were observed in freeze-fracture replicas to be discontinuous and riddled with gap junctions. Then, the brain endothelial cells were cultured with astroctytes resulting in enhanced tight junctions and a reduced frequency of gap junctions. The glia limitans also acts as a second line of defense against anything that passes the blood–brain barrier. However, because the astrocytes surrounding the vessels are connected by gap junctions, it is not considered part of the BBB and material can readily pass between the foot processes. The astrocytes of the glia limitans are responsible for separating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8554061", "score": "0.91677463", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Vaginal epithelium", "text": "of structural adhesions between epithelial cells are: tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. \"Tight junctions (zonula occludens) are composed of transmembrane proteins that make contact across the intercellular space and create a seal to restrict transmembrane proteins difusion. of molecules across the epithelial sheet. Tight junctions also have an organizing role in epithelial polarization by limiting the mobility of membrane-bound molecules between the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane of each epithelial cell. Adherens junctions (zonula adherens) connect bundles of actin filaments from cell to cell to form a continuous adhesion belt, usually just below the microfilaments.\" Junction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20571655", "score": "0.9166676", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "somewhat sketchy. Some headway on the in vivo composition of the gap junction plaque is being made using TEM FRIL. Gap junction A gap junction may also be called a nexus or macula communicans. (Although most nerve tissues don't have gap junctions, when found in neurons or nerves it may also be called an electrical synapse, like nerve cells in dental pulp.) While an ephapse has some similarities to a gap junction, by modern definition the two are different. Gap junctions are a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189205", "score": "0.91519797", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Neuroeffector junction", "text": "are confined to the ends of cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle gap junctions occur along the length of the muscle cells as well as towards their ends. There are small bundles of three to seven varicose axons, partially or wholly enveloped in Schwann-cell sheath, both on the surface of the muscle as well as in the body of smooth muscle bundles. In addition, single varicose axons can be found on the surface and in the muscle bundles, and become divested of Schwann cells in the region of apposition between the varicosities and smooth muscle cells. The active zone of individual sympathetic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2900829", "score": "0.9136571", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "were rare, as most studies focused on the connexons rather than vesicles. A later study using a combination of microscopy techniques confirmed the early evidence of a probable function for gap junctions in intercellular vesicle transfer. Areas of vesicle transfer were associated with connexin free islands within gap junction plaques. Because of the widespread occurrence of gap junctions in cell types other than nerve cells the term gap junction became more generally used than terms such as electrical synapse or nexus. Another dimension in the relationship between nerve cells and gap junctions was revealed by studying chemical synapse formation and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189195", "score": "0.9129859", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "are associated with mutations in gap junction genes. Many of those affect the skin because this tissue is heavily dependent upon gap junction communication for the regulation of differentiation and proliferation. Cardiac gap junctions can pharmacologically be opened with rotigaptide. A gap junction located in neurons is often referred to as an electrical synapse. The electrical synapse was discovered using electrical measurements before the gap junction structure was described. Electrical synapses are present throughout the central nervous system and have been studied specifically in the neocortex, hippocampus, vestibular nucleus, thalamic reticular nucleus, locus coeruleus, inferior olivary nucleus, mesencephalic nucleus of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189189", "score": "0.9126073", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gap junction", "text": "it was found that chemicals could also be transported between cells through gap junctions. Implicit or explicit in most of the early studies is that the area of the gap junction was different in structure to the surrounding membranes in a way that made it look different. The gap junction had been shown to create a micro-environment between the two cells in the extra-cellular space or \"gap\". This portion of extra-cellular space was somewhat isolated from the surrounding space and also bridged by what we now call connexon pairs which form even more tightly sealed bridges that cross the gap", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2189193", "score": "0.91071707", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "PKC alpha", "text": "membrane, particularly in the areas where tight junctions exists. With greater activity of PKC-α, the tight junctions lose their ability to form a tight barrier. This causes an increased leakiness of the tight junctions and thus movement of molecules into the cells. In intestinal areas, luminal growth factors are able to enter the cell and increase the rate of cell growth. This is thought to be a promotional event that may prolong certain epithelial cancers. Much of the research of PKC alpha pertaining to its role in liver tissue involves the effects of bile acids on the phosphorylation mechanism of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10081695", "score": "0.9106407", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "The Osmonds" ]

[ { "title": "The Apple (1980 film)", "text": "four and said \"every song in the goddamned movie sucks\" and added that the film's \"relentless bad taste is sure to appeal to the same audience that won't even realize they're being slapped in the face\". \"TV Guide\" stated \"\"The Apple\" was clearly designed to duplicate the success of \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" (1975) and failed dismally, in large part because the music is so stupendously banal... The lesson: Making a cult hit is harder than it looks.\" Sean Burns in the \"Philadelphia Weekly\" gave the film a scathing review: \"\"The Apple\" isn't just the worst disco musical ever", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7984762", "score": "1.1071788", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Apple (1980 film)", "text": "of the worst films ever made. In an uncut two-song prologue of the film named \"Paradise Day,\" Mr. Topps (Joss Ackland) creates heaven and carves the first human Alphie out of a rock, sending Alphie to Earth to meet Bibi. The two take part in the 1994 Worldvision Song Festival. Despite being the most talented performers, they are beaten by BIM (Boogalow International Music) and its leader, Mr. Boogalow, who use underhanded tactics to secure a victory. The duo are approached by Mr. Boogalow to sign to his music label, but they soon discover the darker side of the music", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7984734", "score": "1.042819", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Miss Jackson", "text": "released as the second single from her breakthrough album \"Control\". The song was originally titled \"Bad Apple\" as it contained a sample from Fiona Apple's tune \"Every Single Night\", but when the band played it for her she denied them publishing rights to use her melody. Lead singer Brendon Urie confessed to being 'pretty pissed' by the refusal, but also admitted he prefers the band's new approach to the song. In an interview with MTV, the lead singer Brendon Urie, says the lyrics were based on personal experiences: \"'Miss Jackson' is about something that actually happened to me when I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7505100", "score": "1.0213151", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Little Apple (song)", "text": "criticized the song for its low artistic value. This song has also attained high positions in main online charts in China. It peaked at number one in the CCTV Global Chinese Music Chart () released every Saturday. This song, referred to be one commentator as a \"brainwashing song\", also brings up the psychological factors that contribute to its success—its simple rhythm and lyrics cause the \"earworm effect\", forcing people to listen to it over and over again, and another reason that lied underneath is the \"snowball effect\", which means that people tend to follow others in a trend, suggesting that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18146576", "score": "1.0128098", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Apple (1980 film)", "text": "120 vocalists. Recht said recording the film's reggae number \"How To Be a Master\" was complicated due to actual Jamaican musicians performing on the song and not being able to \"read the charts\" that were in English. According to Clinton, Grace Kennedy, who played Pandi, had an uncomfortable time singing \"Coming,\" so Clinton had to tell her that it was her character singing the lyrics and not Kennedy herself. The musical numbers are as follows: A soundtrack album was released by Cannon Records in 1980. Versions of several songs on the album (\"Coming\", \"Showbizness\", \"Master\" and \"Child of Love\") differ", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7984756", "score": "1.0119838", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Apples and Oranges (song)", "text": "and \"American Bandstand\". Barrett kept his lips closed during the first performance but mimed competently on the latter show, of which footage survives. After Barrett was replaced by David Gilmour, the band recorded a promotional film in Belgium in a fruit market with Roger Waters lip synching. This was the group's first single that failed to break into the UK charts, and their US label Tower Records issued a US-only single instead: \"Flaming\" b/w \"The Gnome\" (Tower 378). Waters blamed the single's sales performance on Norman Smith: \"'Apples and Oranges' was destroyed by the production. It's a fucking good song\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8306558", "score": "1.0098925", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Rotten Apple (album)", "text": "two-and-a-half stars out of five and said, \"Much like Banks' rapping, the beats just plod along. It is easy to expect less from some of his less talented G-Unit brethren, but Banks has shown himself to be capable of a lot. Minus a few moments where he shines, this album is as rotten as the City.\" After five weeks of sales the album was at number 71 on the \"Billboard\" charts with 15,000 copies sold that week and 250,000 copies sold total. Despite not being certified in the United States, the album managed to achieve Gold status in Canada. Debuting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7817258", "score": "1.001962", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Every Single Night", "text": "sell... Lacking either ornate production or a pop single, \"The Idler Wheel...\" plays like Fiona Apple at her purest and that's plenty complicated.\" Every Single Night \"Every Single Night\" is a song written and performed by American alternative singer-songwriter Fiona Apple. It was released on April 24, 2012 by Epic Records as the lead and only single from her fourth studio album \"The Idler Wheel...\" (2012). According to Panic! At the Disco vocalist Brendon Urie, \"Every Single Night\" was the inspiration for the 2013 hit \"Miss Jackson\", which was originally named \"Bad Apple\" (after Fiona Apple, who rejected usage of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16656118", "score": "0.9965342", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Willies (film)", "text": "used to pick on. Michael is incredulous, to which the brothers contend that Michael's story was far less believable. At that point, Uncle Henry arrives, and the brothers ask him to prove the story about Mr. Jenkins. Uncle Henry (also played by James Karen) then rips off his face, revealing the humanoid monster from \"Bad Apples\". The movie has received generally negative reviews over the years. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, there are currently no critical reviews, but the film carries a 24% audience score. The film has also received 1.5 out of 5 stars by the editors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15021851", "score": "0.99461406", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "One Bad Apple", "text": "\"One Bad Apple\" was a number-one hit single released by The Osmonds on November 14, 1970. It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 2, 1971. It hit the top of the chart on February 13, 1971 and stayed there for five weeks. It also reached number six on the R&B chart. Billboard ranked it as the No. 4 song for 1971. Both \"One Bad Apple\" and the Donny Osmond-credited single \"Sweet and Innocent\" are on the 1970 album Osmonds. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on February 4, 1971.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Regional Holiday Music", "text": "(Gillian Jacobs) the only non-glee club member left, she seeks out Jeff, only to find that he too has been turned. As the group is backstage preparing for the Christmas pageant, Mr. Rad informs Abed of his long-term intentions for the group. As Abed had only made the group join to brighten up Christmas, he sets forth upsetting Mr. Rad's plans. While the group performs \"Planet Christmas\" on stage, he asks Britta (who was originally cast as the mute tree) to replace him as the Mouse King. She does and ruins the pageant with her poor singing and bad, improvised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16132075", "score": "0.99316865", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Glee: The Music, The Christmas Album", "text": "good or bad\", leaving it open for the listener to decide on the \"twelve candy cane-sweetened tracks\". Writing for the \"New York Post\", Jarett Wieselman thought the album overall sounded like the soundtrack of an advertisement for Gap, but praised the vocal work of Colfer, Michele, and Riley. Jonathan Takiff of the \"Philadelphia Daily News\" felt the tracks were too artificial and was disappointed the cast didn't cover more songs outside the realm of pop music. Kyle Buchanan of \"New York\" lamented the fact that Jane Lynch was not the one singing \"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch\", calling it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15001045", "score": "0.99295944", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Road Apples", "text": "The Road Apples The Road Apples were an American pop rock group from Cambridge, Massachusetts. Their lead singer/guitarist was David Finnerty. The other band members were Flip Morse (lead guitar and vocals), Bard Richmond (bass guitar and vocals), Jean-Do Sifantus (drums), and Chuck Eisenhardt (the original keyboard player, later replaced by Wally Baier). The group charted two singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the mid-1970s. Their first single \"Let's Live Together\" rose to No. 35 on that chart. A follow-up release \"Holding On\" b/w \"Good Lovin' Woman\" also entered the Hot 100 and rose to No. 77. The Road", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10902323", "score": "0.9927037", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "LadybiRdS", "text": "to The Postal Service, while Sperber's singing drew comparison to Cyndi Lauper. Adam Bunch of \"PopMatters\" described the album as \"a sugar-coated, dance-happy record of electronic squiggles and bleeps.\" Appearing are several prominent lead vocalists; The Get Up Kids' Matt Pryor on \"Cooper, Thanks for the Birds,\" Danger O's' Justin Johnson, and Fairmont's Neil Sabatino. Additionally, Max Bemis of Say Anything lends vocals on \"Maxim and the Headphone Life,\" a song described by \"The Fader\"'s Meyiee Apple as \"one of the more memorable tracks..\" on \"Regional Community Theater\". A music video for the song \"The Brown and Red Divide\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17813162", "score": "0.9877877", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Apple (1980 film)", "text": "that any fan of wondrously bad cinema or over-the-top musicals will suffer gladly, luxuriating in its wacky vision of the then-future and idiosyncratic tale of good versus evil.\" \"Flavorwire\" claimed, \"True bad movies carve out their own worlds. \"The Apple\" seems to have come from another universe entirely – and God bless it for that.\" They reasoned, \"all through The Apple, everyone is just going for it, full-throated, even though the songs are shit and the sets are cheap and the effects are worse. But you get the sense that you couldn't have told them any of that. Whatever Golem", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7984765", "score": "0.986962", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Road Apples", "text": "Apples participated in the 'Partners of the Americas' program in 1976 and travelled to Colombia, in South America where they performed numerous free concerts for the people of Medellín and Cartegena. The Road Apples lead singer and principal songwriter Finn Finnerty later formed 'The Joneses' and released a CD (Atlantic 1990) including a rock cover of \"Let's Live Together\". The Road Apples The Road Apples were an American pop rock group from Cambridge, Massachusetts. Their lead singer/guitarist was David Finnerty. The other band members were Flip Morse (lead guitar and vocals), Bard Richmond (bass guitar and vocals), Jean-Do Sifantus (drums),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10902324", "score": "0.98575747", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "William in Trouble (short story collection)", "text": "out that some of the areas they are going to go singing are near people who have given them bad presents, they decide to take over the show and start to sing songs to them (for example, Uncle George had given Ginger a book called 'Kings and Queens of England', and to pay back for it he went to his house with the other 16 or so boys and sung bad songs at the top of his voice). When he goes to Aunt Jane's to sing badly to her to make up for the bad presents, she mistakes the singing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3303731", "score": "0.9784044", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Bad (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "his This Is It concerts, which never occurred due to his death. A live version of the song at Wembley 1988 and Yokohama 1987 are available on the DVD \"Live at Wembley July 16, 1988\". American TV series \"Glee\" did a Michael Jackson tribute episode in 2012 entitled \"Michael\", which included an a cappella version of \"Bad\" featuring the Beelzebubs as part of The Warblers. This cover debuted and peaked at number 80 at \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number 48 at \"Billboard\" Digital Songs, number 90 at \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100, and number 29 at \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs chart at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4998921", "score": "0.977337", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sharon Aguilar", "text": "the way he bends his notes. I can feel them in my chest and they just really move me.\" After moving in late 2007 to Los Angeles, California, Aguilar performed with several bands: Bad Apple, The Bitchfits (all girls tribute to the Misfits), The Ramonas (all girls tribute to the Ramones), and Pretty Little Problem. Her national television debut playing a Fender electric violin backed Diddy's Dirty Money on \"Hello Good Morning\" for the March 31, 2010, \"American Idol\". Aguilar also played lead guitar with Suede (of Austin, Texas) on \"You Shook Me All Night Long\" opening the January 29,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15436759", "score": "0.9747784", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Apples in Stereo", "text": "The Apples in Stereo The Apples in Stereo, styled as The Apples in stereo, are an American rock band associated with Elephant Six Collective, a group of bands also including Neutral Milk Hotel, The Olivia Tremor Control, Elf Power, Of Montreal, and Circulatory System. The band is largely a product of lead vocalist/guitarist/producer Robert Schneider, who writes the majority of the band's music and lyrics. Currently, The Apples in Stereo also includes longstanding members John Hill (rhythm guitar) and Eric Allen (bass), as well as more recent members John Dufilho (drums), John Ferguson (keyboards), and Ben Phelan (keyboards/guitar/trumpet). The band's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2383204", "score": "0.9655185", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Badjelly's Bad Christmas", "text": "again after Christmas. Laura, Kate and Grandad are sitting in Grandad's lounge, with the baubles, when suddenly the door opens, and in come several pairs of creatures from the Land of the Bumbly Boo, and they dance to the song \"There is a song in man\". Halfway through the song, the Conkerer, Sir Nobonk, Badjelly, King Twytt, Queen Twytt, Wobble and Ice Cream also enter. They are soon followed by more creatures from the Land of the Bumbly Boo, (the rest of the cast), and by the end of the song, the whole cast are on stage. For the final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15863425", "score": "0.962462", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Stolen Apples (album)", "text": "day. After our gig, we were standing around and Paul was saying how much he loved the old album.<br>\"We said, 'Oh yeah, we're doing a new one. You haven't got any songs, have you?' A few days later, he turns up at my house with a little cassette.\" The song was subsequently included on their 2005 album \"All is Forgiven\".\"Tex sang it beautifully and we had to work to find a way to reclaim the song that didn't just sound like an imitation of their version. We tried it three or four different ways and had almost given up on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10927065", "score": "0.9616751", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Briggs (rapper)", "text": "and Vents, the remix was described as venomous by the Tone Deaf website, due to the lyrical content. Contestants are required to download vocals file, in addition to other material, from the SoundCloud page to produce their entry. The first \"#KingOfTheTown\" remix contest was for rappers and was won by Sydney MC Sarah Connor in early September 2014. In 2015, Briggs founded his own record label, Bad Apples Music. The label has signed three indigenous hip-hop artists: Birdz, Nooky and Philly. Briggs also formed a side project with Trials of the Funkoars, named A.B. Original, which also forms part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16709868", "score": "0.9609255", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Music Lovers (The Goodies)", "text": "sing \"\"Land of Hope and Glory\"\" — Bill is the principal singer, and Graeme and Tim sing harmony — with Tim receiving help with his harmony in the form of his \"glee singers\" (two very pretty girls). At the end of the song, they wait to be kidnapped, and are upset when only Tim's \"glee singers\" are stolen; the kidnappers reject them because they \"ain't good enough.\" The next step in their plan to be stolen has the Goodies giving a non-stop Woodstock Festival-type concert, in which they perform songs as various types of music groups. After a week of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7647377", "score": "0.9601245", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Rotten Apple (album)", "text": "\"Rotten Apple\". The album featured guest appearances from 50 Cent, TazzyManiak, Tony Yayo, Young Buck, Rakim, Scarface, Mobb Deep, 8 Ball, Keri Hilson and Musiq Soulchild. Production on the album was provided by Eminem, Needlz, Sha Money XL, Younglord, Ron Browz, Havoc and 9th Wonder. Banks stated that he wanted to show the darker side of New York City and allow listeners to hear what it was like growing up in South Jamaica, Queens. The album so far has a score of 51 out of 100 from Metacritic based on \"mixed or average reviews\". \"Rolling Stone\"'s Evan Serpick gave it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7817255", "score": "0.95837975", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Apple (1980 film)", "text": "\"The Apple\" as \"really, really depressing on some days\" and \"very, very stressful,\" adding that most of the cast and crew \"didn't really like the script. I mean, we really didn't.\" Lythgoe and Warwick later both started working in singing competition shows like \"American Idol\", which led to conspiracy theories by multiple people that \"The Apple\" predicted their later work. Lythgoe shrugged these off: \"There were a lot of singing competitions going on at the time. So it never really hit me that 'the search for talent' was \"Popstars\" and \"Pop Idol\" and \"American Idol\", as much as just thinking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7984748", "score": "0.9583703", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Israel Vibration", "text": "Vibration Israel Vibrates, soon becoming simply Israel Vibration. They survived on money earned singing in the streets for several years, and in 1975 attempted to launch a recording career at Channel One Studios, but the track they recorded there (\"Bad Intention\") was not released. Funding for their first album came in the form of a grant from the Twelve Tribes of Israel branch of Rastafarai after Hugh Booth, a member of the Twelve Tribes, had overheard the three men singing in a wooded area outside Kingston. Apple and Wiss were living in the area, which they had converted into a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3937727", "score": "0.9582983", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Maybe Tomorrow (The Iveys album)", "text": "in disarray at the time. A majority of the album's songs were later issued as Badfinger songs on the Badfinger album \"Magic Christian Music\". The Iveys (later known as Badfinger) were a successful live act on the London circuit when they attracted the attention of Apple employee Mal Evans in early 1968. It was through Evans' perseverance that demonstration recordings made by the group were presented to The Beatles (Apple's presidents). Although the band was initially waived by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, the former relented as more impressive Iveys tapes were brought in by Evans. The group signed with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5710217", "score": "0.9571539", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Badjelly's Bad Christmas", "text": "bows, the casts sing \"The Ying Tong Song\", and do their bows in character, before character group by group, they leave, leaving Grandad, Kate and Laura on stage. Grandad then wishes the audience a Merry Christmas (and on the performances nearing New Year's Eve, a Happy New Year), before exiting with Kate and Laura. To end the show, an image of Spike Milligan is projected on to a piece of set. The Chickenshed Theatre Company was the first company to introduce the idea of inclusive theatre in both performing and watching. Every performance of \"Badjelly's Bad Christmas\" had sign language", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15863426", "score": "0.95672965", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Apple Records", "text": "gained the American rights to the \"Let It Be\" soundtrack album (along with the American rights to another, earlier, United Artists Beatles movie soundtrack LP, 1964's \"A Hard Day's Night\"). Aside from the red apple, other examples in which the apple has been altered include George Harrison's album \"All Things Must Pass\" triple album, on which the first two discs have orange apples while the third has a jar label reading \"Apple Jam\"; black and white apples on John Lennon's album \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" and Yoko Ono's album \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\"; a blue apple on Ringo Starr's single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1565771", "score": "0.9552666", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "Nashville, Tennessee" ]

[ { "title": "Nashville, Tennessee", "text": "played at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis for one season, then moved to Nashville in 1998 and played in Vanderbilt Stadium for one season. During those two years, the team was known as the Tennessee Oilers, but changed its name to Titans in 1999. The team now plays at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, which opened in 1999. Since moving to Nashville, the Titans have won three division championships (2000, 2002, and 2008) and one conference championship (1999). They competed in 1999's Super Bowl XXXIV, losing to the St. Louis Rams, 23–16. The city previously hosted the 1939 Nashville", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "295063", "score": "1.120156", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Neyland Stadium", "text": "largest stadium in the United States, the sixth largest stadium in the world, and the second largest stadium in the Southeastern Conference. The stadium is named for Robert Neyland, who served three stints as head football coach at the University of Tennessee between 1926 and 1952. The Tennessee Volunteers football team originally played at Baldwin Park, which was once located between Grand Avenue and Dale Avenue, north of Fort Sanders. From 1908 to 1920, the team played at Wait Field, which was located where the Walters Life Science Building now stands. The stadium was first conceived in 1919. Colonel W.S.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3997652", "score": "1.1092926", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Tennessee Titans", "text": "for one season. The team then moved to Nashville in 1998 and played in Vanderbilt Stadium. For those two years, they were known as the \"Tennessee Oilers\", but changed their name to \"Tennessee Titans\" for the 1999 season. The team currently plays at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, which opened in 1999 as Adelphia Coliseum. The Titans' training facility is at Saint Thomas Sports Park, a site at the MetroCenter complex in Nashville. The team has appeared once in the Super Bowl (XXXIV), the same year they changed their name to \"Titans\", and in which they lost to the St. Louis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "431715", "score": "1.1076268", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "History of the Tennessee Titans", "text": "AFC's Central Division, which they were part of until 2002. After fan support in Houston collapsed for the 1996 season, the Oilers announced they would be moving to Tennessee for 1997. They intended to play at a new stadium in Nashville, but it would not be ready until 1999. The largest stadium in Nashville at the time, Vanderbilt Stadium on the campus of Vanderbilt University, seated only 41,000 — a capacity deemed too small for even temporary use. Vanderbilt was also unwilling to permit alcohol sales. However, Adams ruled out using the state's largest stadium, the University of Tennessee's Neyland", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9868604", "score": "1.0998106", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium", "text": "Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium Tom Black Track at LaPorte Stadium is home to the University of Tennessee Volunteers men's and women's outdoor track and field teams. It is located in the heart of the university's campus in Knoxville, Tennessee. Known commonly as Tom Black Track, the facility opened in 1966 after former Tennessee track and field coach Chuck Rohe spearheaded a drive to build a track facility for his program. The facility is named in honor of Tom Black, a Knoxville businessman and potato chip entrepreneur (whose company was later acquired by Tom's Snacks), whose donation led to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19216974", "score": "1.0860786", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Tennessee", "text": "from Martin, and the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles from Cookeville. These three schools, along with fellow OVC member Tennessee State, play each season in football for the Sgt. York Trophy. The Chattanooga Mocs and Johnson City's East Tennessee State Buccaneers are full members, including football, of the Southern Conference. Tennessee is also home to Bristol Motor Speedway which features NASCAR Cup Series racing two weekends a year, routinely selling out more than 160,000 seats on each date; it also was the home of the Nashville Superspeedway, which held Nationwide and IndyCar races until it was shut down in 2012. Tennessee's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "412023", "score": "1.0787642", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Neyland Stadium", "text": "Neyland Stadium Neyland Stadium (pronounced \"NEE-land\") is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 102,455. Constructed in 1921, and originally called Shields–Watkins Field (the playing surface is still called that today), the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in the following decade. Neyland Stadium is the fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3997651", "score": "1.0705625", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 450", "text": "Tennessee State Route 450 State Route 450 (SR 450) is a short and unsigned east–west secondary state highway in Knoxville, within the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It travels from SR 158 (Neyland Drive) overlaying Joe Johnson Drive on the campus of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. It serves as a feeder route for traffic between the main campus and the agricultural campus for the university. SR 450 begins at an intersection with SR 158 (Neyland Drive). It travels to the northeast, crossing through the agricultural campus of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20286943", "score": "1.0639838", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Neyland Stadium", "text": "a 12-inch bed of sand to enhance drainage. Neyland Stadium Neyland Stadium (pronounced \"NEE-land\") is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, but is also used to host large conventions and has been a site for several National Football League (NFL) exhibition games. The stadium's official capacity is 102,455. Constructed in 1921, and originally called Shields–Watkins Field (the playing surface is still called that today), the stadium has undergone 16 expansion projects, at one point reaching a capacity of 104,079 before being slightly reduced by alterations in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3997672", "score": "1.063364", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Nissan Stadium", "text": "Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. It is primarily used for football and is the home field of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tennessee State Tigers of Tennessee State University. The stadium is also the site of the Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl, a postseason college football bowl game played each December, and is occasionally used as a venue for soccer matches. Nissan Stadium is used for large concerts, such as the CMA Music Festival nightly concerts which", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 46", "text": "Tennessee State Route 46 State Route 46 (SR 46) is a north-south state highway located in Middle Tennessee. It mainly goes on a northwest to southeast course while passing through towns and cities such as Cumberland City, Dickson, Leipers Fork, along with mainly rural areas of Stewart, Houston, Dickson, Hickman and Williamson Counties. Most of SR 46 is signed as a secondary route except for the route from US 70 in Dickson to the junction with SR 7 and SR 100. SR 46 begins as a secondary highway in Stewart County just north of Indian Mound at a junction with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19588056", "score": "1.0597068", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Lindsey Nelson Stadium", "text": "Lindsey Nelson Stadium Lindsey Nelson Stadium is a baseball stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. It is the home field of the University of Tennessee Volunteers college baseball team. The stadium opened in 1993 and holds 4,283 people. The Stadium is named after Hall of Fame announcer Lindsey Nelson, who attended UT. Lindsey Nelson Stadium is also the name of a football stadium in Nelson's home town of Columbia. Completed in 1959, it is home field of Nelson's alma mater, Columbia Central High School. It was originally known as Maury County Stadium, and was renamed for Nelson following his death in 1995.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7579419", "score": "1.0591908", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 1", "text": "it turns right and southeast, joining US 41 and becoming known as Lafayette Street (briefly) and then Murfreesboro Road. East of Nashville, SR 1 runs along the following routes: SR 1 enters Knox County along with US 70 and US 11 (which joins SR 1 a few feet from the county line). From here to near the downtown area, the road is locally known as Kingston Pike and near the University of Tennessee campus it is known as Cumberland Avenue. It turns north onto Henley Street becoming Broadway Street, east onto Magnolia Avenue, north onto Hall of Fame Drive, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5689979", "score": "1.0586756", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tennessee", "text": "Tennessee Tennessee (, ; ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to the northwest. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, with a population of 660,388. Tennessee's second largest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411954", "score": "1.0524633", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "History of the Tennessee Titans", "text": "1998. In 1999, Adelphia Coliseum, now known as Nissan Stadium, was completed and the newly christened Titans had a grand season, finishing with a 13–3 record — the best season in franchise history. They won their first game as the \"Titans\", defeating the Bengals before a sold out stadium (Every game since the Titans moved to Nashville has been sold out). They did not lose a game at home and finished one game behind the Jacksonville Jaguars for the AFC Central title. Tennessee then won their first round playoff game over the Buffalo Bills on a designed play, known as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9868611", "score": "1.0511099", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Finley Stadium", "text": "Finley Stadium W. Max Finley Stadium (commonly called Finley Stadium) is the home stadium for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga football team, UTC soccer, and Chattanooga FC (NPSL), an amateur Division 4 soccer team. The stadium also hosts various high school sports and musical concerts. It is located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. The stadium, which opened in 1997, has a current capacity of 20,668, and hosted the NCAA Division I National Championship Game from its opening season through 2009, after which the game moved to Pizza Hut Park in the Dallas suburb of Frisco, Texas. The stadium is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6696095", "score": "1.0499897", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Graham Stadium", "text": "Graham Stadium Hardy M. Graham Stadium is a 7,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Martin, Tennessee. It is home to the University of Tennessee at Martin Skyhawks football team. The facility opened in 1964. It is located north of Tennessee State Route 431 (University Avenue, formerly Highway 22) from the central campus area, adjacent to the Agricultural Experiment Station. The stadium is named in honor of Hardy M. Graham, a long-time supporter on UT Martin, who has contributed over $1 million to the university. The naming of the stadium took place on July 19, 2001. Previous to this, the stadium had been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8133165", "score": "1.0486346", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Interstate 440 (Tennessee)", "text": "Interstate 440 (Tennessee) Interstate 440 (I-440) is a auxiliary loop interstate highway in Davidson County, Tennessee which serves as a southern bypass for downtown Nashville. The route is known locally as the Four-Forty Parkway and connects to I-40, I-65, and I-24, as well as multiple U.S. and state routes. The majority of I-440 is located below the street level of adjoining streets and roads, in an artificially-cut gulch. It has three lanes in each direction, separated by a narrow grassy median, which makes it susceptible to crossover crashes. Most of the route is also landscaped, and shares engineering similarities to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6616829", "score": "1.0478499", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 196", "text": "Tennessee State Route 196 State Route 196 (SR 196) is a state highway located within Fayette County, Tennessee. It runs from Piperton north to Braden. The entire route is a two-lane rural highway. SR 196 begins at US 72 in Piperton, within a few yards of the Tennessee state line with Mississippi. It travels north until it intersects with Old State Line Road near the center of town and turns east then north across the Norfolk Southern Railway. It crosses SR 57 near the commercial center of Piperton. It continues north and crosses the Wolf River. From here it heads", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17213440", "score": "1.046773", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Tennessee Volunteers football", "text": "out of the Neyland-Thompson Sports Complex, down past the Tennessee Volunteers Wall of Fame, and make their way down Peyton Manning Pass and onto Phillip Fulmer Way. Thousands of fans line the street to shake the players' hands as they walk into Neyland Stadium. Through rain, snow, sleet, or sunshine, the Vol faithful are always out in full force to root on the Vols as they prepare for the game. The fans are always pumped up with Rocky Top played by The Pride of the Southland Band. The \"T\" appears in two special places in Vol history and tradition. Coach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8904307", "score": "1.0466957", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Knoxville, Tennessee", "text": "World's Fair helped reinvigorate the city, and revitalization initiatives by city leaders and private developers have had major successes in spurring growth in the city, especially the downtown area. Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee, whose sports teams, called the \"Volunteers\" or \"Vols\", are extremely popular in the surrounding area. Knoxville is also home to the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for East Tennessee and the corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies. As one of the largest cities in the Appalachian region, Knoxville has positioned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1222463", "score": "1.0464275", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Nissan Stadium", "text": "funded through the sale of personal seat licenses. Some State of Tennessee money was allocated to the project, on the condition that the Tennessee State University football team move its home games there, and with the request that the incoming NFL team be named \"Tennessee\" (instead of \"Nashville\"), which the franchise was planning to do anyway, in an attempt to appeal to the broader region. The stadium's construction was delayed when the construction site was hit by a tornado that struck downtown Nashville on April 16, 1998 and destroyed several cranes, but the stadium opened in time for the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2655113", "score": "1.0464268", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 47", "text": "Tennessee State Route 47 State Route 47 (SR 47) is a Tennessee State Highway located entirely within Dickson County. State Route 47 is generally traversed only in part; the two termini are in fact only about eight miles (13 km) distant from each other, and are impractiable as a route from end-to-end, as the distance the highway runs is over twice this long. State Route 47 begins as a secondary highway at an intersection with State Route 48 slightly southeast of downtown Dickson near the Fairgrounds. In the Dickson city limits, it is known as East Walnut Street. Outside of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7832039", "score": "1.0430719", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Titans Radio Network", "text": "of Texas and western Louisiana to only the flagship station in Houston, and a few affiliates in Tennessee, including its future flagship, Adult contemporary-formatted WGFX/Gallatin, which is really based in Nashville. In October 1996, KTRH cut off games in favor of preseason basketball involving the Houston Rockets of the NBA. It was renamed the Tennessee Oilers Radio Network in 1997 during the team's first season in Tennessee. The headquarters were now located in Nashville, but their home games were played in the Liberty Bowl in Memphis in 1997 and the Vanderbilt University's Stadium in 1998 and at least until their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18527063", "score": "1.0426987", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 400", "text": "Tennessee State Route 400 State Route 400 (SR 400) is a state highway in Washington and Carter counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It connects the cities of Johnson City, Watauga and Elizabethton. SR 400 begins as a pair of one way streets (Watauga and Unaka Avenues) at an intersection with SR 91 (which is also a pair of one way streets) in downtown Johnson City. It heads north to have an interchange with I-26/US 23/US 19W (Exit 22) and continues northeast as a pair of one way streets. The northbound lanes then leave Watauga Avenue and turn northwest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19134000", "score": "1.0420151", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 223", "text": "Tennessee State Route 223 State Route 223 (SR 223) is a state route in Madison County, Tennessee. It runs from SR 138 near Mercer to I-40, just west of Jackson. The highway is the main access road for McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport, the regional airport for Jackson and the surrounding areas. Also, TDOT's Region 4 office is located at the highway's interchange with I-40. SR 223 begins as Shady Grove Road just east of Mercer at an intersection with SR 138. It goes northeast through farmland and wooded areas to pass through Denmark, where it makes a sharp right turn onto", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17217300", "score": "1.0396544", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 43", "text": "Tennessee State Route 43 State Route 43 (SR 43) is a south to north highway in Tennessee that is 56.79 miles (91.39 km) long. It begins in Madison County and ends in Obion County. State Route 43 is little-known by the general public by this designation as it is overlain by U.S. Route 45E for most of its length; the \"43\" designation is seen largely on mileposts. Two short sections of this route at Martin and South Fulton is fully signed. SR 43 from its southern terminus to Milan is designated as a Strategic Highway Network connector route servicing the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9725027", "score": "1.0392418", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 205", "text": "to bypass this road. After its opening, truck restrictions were placed on both SR 205 and SR 196. The entire route is in Shelby County. Tennessee State Route 205 State Route 205 (SR 205) is a state highway in Shelby County, Tennessee. SR 205 begins in Collierville at SR 57 (locally known as East Poplar Avenue) and is known by the name Collierville-Arlington Road, as this is the main route between the two towns. It continues north through Collierville as four lanes until it reaches the Wolf River, where it becomes a two-lane road. It crosses the Wolf River at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15732216", "score": "1.0390043", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Central, Tennessee", "text": "Central, Tennessee Central is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in western Carter County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 2,717 at the 2000 census and 2,279 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the \"Tri-Cities\" region. Central is located at (36.323090, -82.299684), between Elizabethton and Johnson City. According to the United States Census Bureau, as of 2000 the CDP had a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1225061", "score": "1.0388145", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Tennessee State Route 214", "text": "Tennessee State Route 214 State Route 214 (SR 214) is a two-lane east-to-west state highway located in Obion County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the former alignment of U.S. Route 51 (US 51) between Union City and South Fulton before the existing freeway alignment was constructed slightly to the north. Locally, this road is known as the Ken Tenn Highway. SR 214 begins at an intersection with US 45W, SR 22, and SR 184 in Union City. The SR 22 freeway goes north and south. US 45W comes in from the west and goes north with SR", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16805370", "score": "1.0369146", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "at least seven players", "at least seven", "seven" ]

[ { "title": "Line of scrimmage", "text": "came into use in 1880. Developed by Walter Camp (who introduced many innovations that are part of the modern game of American football), it replaced a contested scrimmage that had descended from the game's rugby roots. This uncontested line of scrimmage would set into motion many more rules that lead to the formation of the modern form of American football. Line of scrimmage In American and Canadian football, a line of scrimmage is an imaginary transverse line (across the width of the football field) beyond which a team cannot cross until the next play has begun. Its location is based", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "232690", "score": "1.0561335", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Line of scrimmage", "text": "of their line of scrimmage. In American football, the set distance of the line of scrimmage between the offense and defense is , the length of the ball. In Canadian football, the set distance of the line of scrimmage is , almost three times as long as the American line. Many fans and commentators refer colloquially to the entire neutral zone as the \"line of scrimmage,\" although this is technically not correct. Others use the general term to refer specifically to the defensive line of scrimmage, since it is the line relevant to the measurement of progress toward the goal.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "232688", "score": "1.0220492", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Line of scrimmage", "text": "Line of scrimmage In American and Canadian football, a line of scrimmage is an imaginary transverse line (across the width of the football field) beyond which a team cannot cross until the next play has begun. Its location is based on the spot where the ball is placed after the end of the most recent play and following the assessment of any penalty yards. A line of scrimmage is parallel to the goal lines and touches one edge of the ball where it sits on the ground prior to the snap. Under NFL, NCAA, and NFHS rules, there are two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "232686", "score": "1.0207117", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of American football positions", "text": "the forwards) was fixed at three per team. It became customary for six to eight of the other players to continue as what might be known in rugby as loose (non-packing, i.e. not binding together) forwards who in Canadian football formed \"wing lines\" on either side of the scrimmage. In scrimmage, each team had one centre scrimmager flanked by two side scrimmagers. The side scrimmagers bound with hands and arms to their centre scrimmager. The centre scrimmager of the side entitled (and required) to do so would put the ball down in front of him for play by scrimmage, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4783729", "score": "1.0115025", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Play from scrimmage", "text": "as a turnover. Play from scrimmage A play from scrimmage is the activity of the games of Canadian football and American football during which one team tries to advance the ball, get a first down, or to score, and the other team tries to stop them or take the ball away. Once a play is over, and before the next play starts, the football is considered dead. A game of American football (or Canadian Football) consists of many (about 120-150) such plays. The term is also used to denote a specific plan of action, or its execution, under a particular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "134256", "score": "1.0094966", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Play from scrimmage", "text": "Play from scrimmage A play from scrimmage is the activity of the games of Canadian football and American football during which one team tries to advance the ball, get a first down, or to score, and the other team tries to stop them or take the ball away. Once a play is over, and before the next play starts, the football is considered dead. A game of American football (or Canadian Football) consists of many (about 120-150) such plays. The term is also used to denote a specific plan of action, or its execution, under a particular set of circumstances", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "134250", "score": "1.0044273", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "American football rules", "text": "neutral zone, an area of the field no player other than the snapper may position himself in or above before the snap. Each team has its own line of scrimmage, thought of as a vertical plane from sideline to sideline that passes through the point of the ball nearest its own goal line. A typical offense is made up of a quarterback, five offensive linemen, two wide receivers, a running back, a fullback, and a tight end, however teams will vary their personnel on the field to fit any given play. A quarterback is essentially the leader of the offense.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4427394", "score": "1.0014946", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "American football rules", "text": "are either the running back, fullback, tight end, or wide receivers. The remaining five linemen, often called \"interior linemen\" do not normally handle the ball during a play. Because of these rules, various leagues of American football have enacted strict rules of uniform numbering so officials may more easily judge which players were eligible and which were not at the start of a play. For example, in college football, ineligible players wear numbers 50–79, while eligible receivers wear 1–49 or 80–99. Even within this structure, offenses can still present a wide number of formations, so long as they maintain the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4427399", "score": "0.9777827", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Comparison of American football and rugby union", "text": "line of scrimmage (most often the quarterback) is permitted to throw the ball forward from behind the line of scrimmage, provided that only one forward pass may be attempted during each play. A player can attempt a forward pass if he has already received a backwards pass, provided he stays behind the line of scrimmage. Professional and most scholastic American football team play has evolved from a single team with all players except limited substitutions playing the entire game, to a specialized \"platoon\" system consisting of three separate units (offensive, defensive, and \"special teams\" used for kicking and punting) with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8447262", "score": "0.97253776", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Eligible receiver", "text": "The offensive team must have at least seven players lined up on the line of scrimmage. Of the players on the line of scrimmage, only the two players on the ends of the line of scrimmage are eligible receivers. The remaining players are in the backfield (four in American football, five in Canadian football), including the quarterback. These backfield players are also eligible receivers. In the National Football League, a quarterback who takes his stance behind center as a T-formation quarterback is not eligible unless, before the ball is snapped, he legally moves to a position at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage or on the end of the line, and is stationary in that position for at least one second before the snap, but is nonetheless not counted toward the seven men required on the line of scrimmage.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Yards from scrimmage", "text": "Yards from scrimmage Yards from scrimmage is an American football and Canadian football statistical measure. In the game of football, progress is measured by advancing the football towards the opposing team's goal line. Progress can be made during play by the offensive team by advancing the ball from the point of progress at the start of play known as the line of scrimmage. When the offensive team advances the ball by rushing the football, the player who carries the ball is given credit for the difference in progress measured in rushing yards. When the offensive team advances the ball by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11382712", "score": "0.96471095", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football", "text": "is further explained in the kicker advancing the ball section. In American football, after all players are set, only one offensive player is allowed to be in motion, and he cannot be moving toward the line of scrimmage while the ball is snapped. The motion player must also be behind the line of scrimmage; players on the line cannot be in motion. In Canadian football, \"all offensive backfield players\", except the quarterback, may be in motion at the snap – players in motion may move in any direction as long as they are behind the line of scrimmage at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4031326", "score": "0.9638252", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Formation (American football)", "text": "be two additional players on the line of scrimmage called ends. These players are eligible receivers and may play near the linemen (tight ends) or farther away (split end or wide receiver). Most teams play additional players near (but still off) the line of scrimmage to act as extra pass receivers. Up to four players can be behind the offensive line, but one is always designated the quarterback (defined as the player who receives the ball from the center). Upon the snap of the ball, the quarterback becomes the \"ball carrier\". The ball carrier has five options: The three other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5203144", "score": "0.94927096", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football", "text": "snap. In addition, the two players on the ends of the line of scrimmage (generally wide receivers) may also be in motion along the line. Many teams encourage this unlimited motion, as it can confuse the defence. It also provides receivers the advantage of a running start, as they can time their runs so that they cross the line of scrimmage at speed when the ball is snapped, allowing them to get downfield faster than receivers in American football, allowing for comparatively longer throws in the same amount of time after the snap or quicker throws for a given distance.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4031327", "score": "0.94749033", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of American football", "text": "with the establishment of the line of scrimmage, transformed the game from a variation of rugby football into the distinct sport of American football. Camp was central to several more significant rule changes that came to define American football. In 1881, the field was reduced in size to its modern dimensions of 120 by 53 yards (109.7 by 48.8 meters). Several times in 1883, Camp tinkered with the scoring rules, finally arriving at four points for a touchdown, two points for kicks after touchdowns, two points for safeties, and five for field goals. Camp's innovations in the area of point", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5178101", "score": "0.943362", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football", "text": "is in position to block following the snap. The defensive team must stay a set distance away from the line of scrimmage on their side of the line. In Canadian football, the distance between the line of scrimmage and the defensive team is one full yard. Because of this one-yard distance, teams will tend to gamble on \"third and one\" or \"third and inches\". If a team has possession within one yard of either goal line, the line of scrimmage is moved to the one-yard line. In American football, the set distance between the offensive and defensive teams is eleven", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4031319", "score": "0.94215286", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Snap (gridiron football)", "text": "from the line of scrimmage for 50 minutes of the 60-minute game that it is extremely difficult to hear if the defense is simulating the count. The snap, the set scrum and ruck in today's rugby union, and the play-the-ball in rugby league have common origins in rugby football. As the rules of rugby's scrimmage were written when the game came to North America, they had a significant flaw which was corrected by custom elsewhere, but by the invention of the snap in American football. The rule adopted by a committee for American football in 1880 first provided for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "145302", "score": "0.9372333", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Walter Camp", "text": "his death. English rugby football rules at the time required a tackled player, when the ball was \"fairly held,\" to put the ball down immediately for scrummage. Camp proposed at the U.S. College Football 1880 rules convention that the contested scrimmage be replaced with a \"line of scrimmage\" where the team with the ball started with uncontested possession. This change effectively created the evolution of the modern game of American football from its rugby football origins. He is credited with innovations such as the snap-back from center, the system of downs, and the points system as well as the introduction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1501942", "score": "0.93704754", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Sports in North America", "text": "of scrimmage, measurements in yards, players wearing hard plastic helmets and shoulder pads, more specialist positions and formations, among others. Walter Camp, known as the \"Father of American Football\", is credited with creating the system of downs and line of scrimmage rules in the 1880s that originally differentiate gridiron football from its older counterparts. Canada would later implement similar rules when the Ontario Rugby Football Union adopted the Burnside rules in 1903. Association football is the most popular sport in almost all North, Central American and Caribbean Countries. Unqualified, \"football\" is generally understood to refer to whichever form of football", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20326724", "score": "0.9365873", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "American football rules", "text": "as long as all players are \"behind the line\" (that is, on the side of the line nearest their own end zone). Players who line up opposite the offensive line are called defensive linemen, usually with one or two defensive tackles in the middle (a single defensive tackle is often called the nose guard or nose tackle) and with one defensive end on each side. A defensive lineman's job is typically to put pressure on the opposing teams quarterback by rushing the offensive line. The defensive line is also most often the first set of players the opponent must get", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4427401", "score": "0.92995274", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football", "text": "it out of the end zone, where the Alouettes recovered it for a touchdown. American football only allows free kicks and scrimmage kicks made from behind the line of scrimmage; any kick beyond the line of scrimmage or after change of possession would result in a penalty. (Some levels of American football allow the rare fair catch kick, which according to the NFL rules is neither a free kick nor scrimmage kick, but \"sui generis\".) In both American and Canadian football, a safety (or safety touch) awards 2 points to the defending team if the offensive team is brought down", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4031347", "score": "0.92741454", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "American football rules", "text": "can vary, however their most common role is to help the cornerbacks cover the opponent's wide receivers, which is called \"double coverage\". The linemen and linebackers close to the line of scrimmage, are often referred to as playing \"in the box\". Players outside \"the box\" (usually cornerbacks and safeties) are collectively referred to as the \"secondary\". A scrimmage down begins with a \"snap\", where the center throws or hands the ball backward to one of the backs, usually the quarterback. The quarterback then either hands the ball off to a back, throws the ball, or runs with it himself. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4427403", "score": "0.9261025", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of American football positions", "text": "both sets of three bodies each (\"formed into one compact body\" as the rules specified) were crouched and shoving forward at each other, probably meeting at the shoulders as do the front row of forwards in rugby's set scummage. Depending on the rules, details of the time for the particular circuit of Canadian football clubs, the centre scrimmagers would either contend with their feet for the ball, or one would be entitled to foot it first (usually heeling it back), while the other team's would try to spoil the ball's delivery. The backfield of three to five players continued to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4783730", "score": "0.92233205", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "College football", "text": "of scrimmage, transformed the game from a variation of rugby football into the distinct sport of American football. Camp was central to several more significant rule changes that came to define American football. In 1881, the field was reduced in size to its modern dimensions of 120 by 53 yards (109.7 by 48.8 meters). Several times in 1883, Camp tinkered with the scoring rules, finally arriving at four points for a touchdown, two points for kicks after touchdowns, two points for safeties, and five for field goals. Camp's innovations in the area of point scoring influenced rugby union's move to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "84570", "score": "0.9199816", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football", "text": "the line. Only the quarterback and linemen must be motionless at the time of the snap, allowing up to six players to be moving toward or along the line at varying speeds (typically the wide receivers are still or at a walking pace at the snap to ensure they are at the line of scrimmage.) In both the college and pro games, an offensive team with the lead has more difficulty in running out the clock in the Canadian game. In the Canadian Football League, the clock is stopped while the officials place the ball, and then they whistle the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4031376", "score": "0.91713244", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "American football strategy", "text": "of scrimmage and gain yards, or the quarterback keeps the ball himself and runs beyond the line of scrimmage. In both cases, the offensive line's main job is to run block, preventing the defensive players from tackling the ball carrier. The choice of running play depends on the strengths of an offensive team, the weaknesses of the defense they are opposing, and the distance needed to score a touchdown or gain a first down. There are many kinds of running plays, including: When a passing play occurs, the backs and receivers run specific patterns, or routes, and the quarterback throws", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4401342", "score": "0.91271085", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "American football plays", "text": "from the line of scrimmage to 3-5 yards downfield. The route itself may be executed several ways. The most common is also known as the arrow. This consists of a receiver lining up near the offensive tackle and then taking a short angled path directly to this area. Running backs often will execute a special flat route that involves them running toward the sideline without the ball from the backfield and then turning upfield as a receiver. This is often referred to as a swing route. Particularly in the highest levels of competition (professional and major college), a play may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8825658", "score": "0.91048205", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Early history of American football", "text": "down-and-distance rules. The 1880 season also saw the first year of 11 players to a team. From 1869 to 1873, one saw 25 players to a side. From 1873 to 1875, one saw 20 players per side. 1876 to 1879 saw 15 players per side. Camp's new scrimmage rules revolutionized the game, though not always as intended. Princeton, in particular, used scrimmage play to slow the game, making incremental progress towards the end zone during each down. Rather than increase scoring, which had been Camp's original intent, the rule was exploited to maintain control of the ball for the entire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19091183", "score": "0.9043278", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Six-man football", "text": "Furthermore, the game specifies a 15-yard distance (14-m) from the line of scrimmage to gain a first down, instead of the normal 10 yards (9 m). All six players are eligible to be receivers. On offense, three linemen are required on the line of scrimmage at the start of the play. The player to whom the ball is snapped cannot run the ball past the line of scrimmage; however, if the ball is tossed to another player, that player can run or throw the ball and the player to whom the ball was snapped is still an eligible receiver. All", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2996200", "score": "0.90308774", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Conversion (gridiron football)", "text": "score on an extra-point attempt. In American high school and college football, the line of scrimmage is the three-yard line (a small dash is denoted on the field of this on the 3-yard line). In American football, the game clock does not run during an extra-point attempt, except for some rare circumstances at the high-school level (some state associations allow for the clock to run continuously in the second half if one team is leading the other by a large margin) and for arena football, which runs the clock continuously except during the final minute of each half and overtime.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15360675", "score": "0.9019755", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

[ "Portuguese", "Spanish-French" ]

[ { "title": "Kermit Cintrón", "text": "Kermit Cintrón Kermit Cintrón (born October 22, 1979) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer. He held the IBF welterweight title from 2006 to 2008, and has challenged once for the WBC super welterweight title in 2011. Cintrón had a tough childhood. He witnessed his mother lie in bed for months before she died of cancer. Unable to care for Cintrón and his siblings, Cintrón's father sent him to the United States, with Cintrón's uncle, Benjamin Serrano, a former Middleweight contender who had fought Frank Fletcher among others. Cintrón's father, however, kept regular contact with his kids. But when Cintrón was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1780241", "score": "0.9755446", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Kermit Cintrón", "text": "knocked out in five rounds by Canelo Álvarez. Kermit Cintrón Kermit Cintrón (born October 22, 1979) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer. He held the IBF welterweight title from 2006 to 2008, and has challenged once for the WBC super welterweight title in 2011. Cintrón had a tough childhood. He witnessed his mother lie in bed for months before she died of cancer. Unable to care for Cintrón and his siblings, Cintrón's father sent him to the United States, with Cintrón's uncle, Benjamin Serrano, a former Middleweight contender who had fought Frank Fletcher among others. Cintrón's father, however, kept regular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1780258", "score": "0.9478034", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Alex Cintrón", "text": "Alex Cintrón Alexander Cintrón (born December 17, 1978) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. His last Major League game was in April 2009. After more than two years in the minors trying to get back to the big leagues, Cintrón retired on May 24, 2011. He came out of retirement and played for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball in 2012. He is currently the hitting coach for the Houston Astros. Cintrón was drafted in the 37th round of the 1997 Major League Baseball draft by the Arizona Diamondbacks, spending the '97 season with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4192248", "score": "0.9459928", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Alex Cintrón", "text": "for the Sugar Land Skeeters, a minor league team located in Sugar Land, Texas, a suburb of Houston. Alex Cintrón Alexander Cintrón (born December 17, 1978) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. His last Major League game was in April 2009. After more than two years in the minors trying to get back to the big leagues, Cintrón retired on May 24, 2011. He came out of retirement and played for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball in 2012. He is currently the hitting coach for the Houston Astros. Cintrón was drafted in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4192261", "score": "0.9379828", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Kermit Cintrón", "text": "his prime. Cintrón did not start boxing in the amateurs until he was 19. He compiled a record of 24 wins and 5 losses as an amateur. On October 7, 2000, Cintrón knocked out Jesse Williams in two rounds in Lancaster to begin his professional career. Cintrón thus began an undefeated streak that would last for more than three-and-a-half years. One of his toughest tests during that streak came against Omar Davila on February 16, 2002. Cintrón took the fight on one week's notice and traveled to his opponent's hometown of San Antonio. Despite being cut on the side of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1780246", "score": "0.90601707", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ciron", "text": "Ciron The Ciron is a left tributary of the Garonne, in Gironde, Southwest France. The Ciron rises in the eastern end of the Moors of Gascony, in Landes. It flows north-west, mainly through the moors of Gironde, crosses the Sauternes vineyard and joins the Garonne at Barsac, downstream from Langon. The moisture it brings, and morning mists it causes, are favorable to the development of Botrytis cinerea on grapes, a fungus that contributes to the high quality and renown of Sauternes wines. The Ciron flows through the following \"départements\" and towns: \"N.B. : (R) = right tributary; (L) = left", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9933151", "score": "0.89571565", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Kermit Cintrón", "text": "13, another tragic blow shook him: His father died of a heart attack, leaving him and his siblings orphaned on both sides. He is married to María Cintrón, the couple have three children. Two daughters, Denali and Savannah and a son, Clemente. In early 2008, Cintrón was trained by Emanuel Steward, who focused his training in boxing and counterattacks. He decided to finish this partnership, based on the fact that Steward's time was limited due to several other compromises. Despite this, both conserved a close friendship. During this timeframe, Cintrón abandoned Main Events, signing a promotional contract with Lou DiBella.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1780242", "score": "0.8952527", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Hank Lundy", "text": "River Casino in Lincoln, Rhode Island. A year later, Lundy earned a breakthrough victory, knocking out undefeated Jason Cintron, the younger brother of former world champion Kermit Cintron, in the fifth round of their scheduled eight-round bout at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, on April 24, 2009. Lundy called out Cintron prior to the bout, questioning Cintron's background and predicting a knockout win. \"I guarantee this fight will be over in three rounds\", Lundy said. \"I hold no punches in the ring. When you look at my resume, I'm fighting people that can fight. Who has he fought?", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14626127", "score": "0.88637376", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Roberto Feliberti Cintrón", "text": "Roberto Feliberti Cintrón Roberto Feliberti Cintrón (born April 7, 1963) is a Puerto Rican jurist and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. Feliberti Cintrón was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was the second of four children born to Emiliano Feliberti Martínez and Hilda Cintrón Brandes. Thanks to a U.S. Navy scholarship, he was able to attend Purdue University, where he earned a B.S. in Mathematics. During his time in the Navy attended the Naval Justice School. He later graduated from the University of Puerto Rico School of Law in 1991. After graduating from Purdue, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19354103", "score": "0.87944865", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Cintrón", "text": "Cintrón or Cintron is a surname of Portuguese and Spanish-French origins. The name migrated as a consequence of the conquest and settlement of the New World, particularly in Puerto Rico. Famous people with the surname Cintron:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cimarron, Texas", "text": "Cimarron, Texas Cimarron is an unincorporated community in Harris County, Texas, United States. It lies 40 km west of the heart of Houston, and 6 km SE of Katy, at an elevation of . Construction of the subdivision began in 1975, when the Homeowner association was incorporated, and the first house was constructed. The final house in the platted area was completed shortly after 1990. Home values in the subdivision remained stable through the oil bust of the mid-1980s, and through the late-2000s recession. Local realtor Veronica Mullenix said of this tendency: “I think it’s pride of ownership more than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13906407", "score": "0.8766177", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "CINT", "text": "CINT CINT is a command line C/C++ interpreter that is included in the object oriented data analysis package ROOT. Although intended for use with the other faculties of ROOT, CINT can also be used as a standalone addition to another program that requires such an interpreter. CINT is an interpreted version of C/C++, much in the way BeanShell is an interpreted version of Java. In addition to being a language interpreter, it offers certain Bash-like shell features such as history and tab-completion. To accomplish the latter, it relies heavily on the reflection support built into ROOT. User classes that follow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3895874", "score": "0.8743799", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Kermit Cintrón", "text": "His next trainer was Ronnie Shields, who emphasized on a faster training pace. Shields preferred a more aggressive style, reminiscent of the one presented during the early stage of Cintrón's early career. Brian Caldwell was employed as conditioning coach, in the process modifying his weight routines. Cintrón found wrestling and boxing to be an outlet from his personal troubles, so he started spending more and more of his time practicing those sports. While attending William Tennent High School in Warminster, Pennsylvania, he became an accomplished high-school wrestler on the same team as actor Mike Vogel. After competing at William Tennent,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1780243", "score": "0.8711852", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Witcher", "text": "of Cintra, Child of the Elder Blood, and the Lady of Time and Space), is the princess of Cintra, daughter of Pavetta and Duny (also known as the Urcheon of Erlenwald) and granddaughter of Queen Calanthe. She is also Geralt's and Yennefer's adopted daughter, around whom much of the plot is centered. Ciri is a descendant of Lara Dorren and has the Elder blood which gives her access to powers that allow her to cross space and time. Ciri has ashen grey hair and green emerald eyes, a trait that runs in her family. Dandelion () is a poet, minstrel,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16110235", "score": "0.8701786", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kermit Cintrón", "text": "dictate that a fighter, in these circumstances, is afforded a five-minute period with which to recover; however, given that Cintrón was advised by doctors not to move, the fight was called and Cintrón was removed from the arena bound to a stretcher. Since three rounds had been completed, the fight became official and Williams was declared the winner by split decision. On July 9, 2010, Cintrón lost a unanimous decision to Carlos Molina, who had a 18-4-2 record going into the fight. On August 12, 2011, Cintrón won a unanimous decision over Antwone Smith. On November 26, 2011, Cintrón was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1780257", "score": "0.8699428", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Canelo Álvarez vs. Kermit Cintrón", "text": "Canelo Álvarez vs. Kermit Cintrón Canelo Álvarez vs. Kermit Cintrón was a super-welterweight championship fight for the WBC World title. The fight took place at the Plaza de Toros in Mexico City, Mexico, on 26 November 2011. It was a split-site doubleheader headlined which featured junior lightweight Adrien Broner against separate opponents from Broner's hometown in Cincinnati. Alvarez made his third defense. He was coming off of the sixth-round knockout of Alfonso Gómez on Sept. 17 in Los Angeles. A former two-time welterweight beltholder, Cintrón has battled to a disputed draw with RING middleweight titleholder Sergio Martínez, been stopped twice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15971436", "score": "0.8695052", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jeyvier Cintrón", "text": "Jeyvier Cintrón Jeyvier Jesús Cintrón Ocasio (born February 8, 1995) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer in the super flyweight division. He is the first and only two-time Olympic boxer from Puerto Rico having competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics as a flyweight. He is currently signed with Top Rank. Cintrón was born to Javier Cintrón, a former professional boxer best known by the nickname of \"El Perrito\" who was involved in series with José López and Carlos Valcárcel, and amateur boxing referee and judge Aracelis Ocasio. He was captivated by the family's trade from a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16512395", "score": "0.86769855", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Alex Cintrón", "text": "a single off the New York Mets Donne Wall on August 3. Cintrón hit .286 with a triple in eight games with the Diamondbacks and was optioned back to Tucson on August 6. Cintrón played in 38 games with the D'Backs over four separate stints in 2002. The first was when he was recalled on May 8 but played in just two games. He was recalled a second time on June 11 and reported to Yankee Stadium to play against the New York Yankees. He was optioned to Tucson again on June 26 but returned on July 1 after Erubiel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4192251", "score": "0.8632884", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Pedro Cintrón", "text": "Pedro Cintrón Pedro Cintrón is a Puerto Rican basketball coach, currently with the Maratonistas de Coamo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional league. In the 2007 season, Cintrón was the assistant coach of Guillermo Vecchio for the Maratonistas. Vecchio, however, quit the team after a 2-12 start. Cintrón then took over and finished the season with a 9-21 record. After that season, the Maratonistas were forced to recess due to financial problems, and Cintrón became assistant coach for the Leones de Ponce. In 2010, Cintrón started as interim coach for Ponce while Manolo Cintrón fulfilled previous compromises in a Mexican basketball", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15623130", "score": "0.8620165", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Cimarron River (Canadian River tributary)", "text": "de Cristo Mountains and runs down into eastern plains of New Mexico. This headwaters region is also home to the Philmont Scout Ranch. Cimarron was first applied to either the river or mountains in northeastern New Mexico and applied to other places in the state. The most common belief is that it was named for the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, called \"carnero cimarrnó\" in New Mexican Spanish. In addition, \"cimarrónes\" was the name for cattle and wild horses. Another of several theories is that is named for the plant \"rosa cimarróna\", a wild rose plant that grows along the river.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9147129", "score": "0.86171657", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jeyvier Cintrón", "text": "8, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Cintrón is trained by former world champion and fellow countryman, Iván Calderón. Jeyvier Cintrón Jeyvier Jesús Cintrón Ocasio (born February 8, 1995) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer in the super flyweight division. He is the first and only two-time Olympic boxer from Puerto Rico having competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics as a flyweight. He is currently signed with Top Rank. Cintrón was born to Javier Cintrón, a former professional boxer best known by the nickname of \"El Perrito\" who was involved in series with José López and Carlos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16512403", "score": "0.85862595", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ciron", "text": "tributary\" Ciron The Ciron is a left tributary of the Garonne, in Gironde, Southwest France. The Ciron rises in the eastern end of the Moors of Gascony, in Landes. It flows north-west, mainly through the moors of Gironde, crosses the Sauternes vineyard and joins the Garonne at Barsac, downstream from Langon. The moisture it brings, and morning mists it causes, are favorable to the development of Botrytis cinerea on grapes, a fungus that contributes to the high quality and renown of Sauternes wines. The Ciron flows through the following \"départements\" and towns: \"N.B. : (R) = right tributary; (L) =", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9933152", "score": "0.85855234", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Pedro Cintrón", "text": "league. During that period, Pedro led the team to a 5-0 start. After Manolo was fired, Pedro became head coach of the Leones and led them to the quarterfinals. They were eliminated by the Cangrejeros de Santurce in a fifth decisive game. Cintrón was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Pedro Cintrón Pedro Cintrón is a Puerto Rican basketball coach, currently with the Maratonistas de Coamo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional league. In the 2007 season, Cintrón was the assistant coach of Guillermo Vecchio for the Maratonistas. Vecchio, however, quit the team after a 2-12 start. Cintrón then took over and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15623131", "score": "0.85763687", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Carlos Juan Cintrón", "text": "married Rosa Gonzalez from which relation his seventh child, Brenda, was born. Carlos Juan Cintrón Carlos Juan Cintrón Figueroa (6 September 1918 – 5 May 1998) was mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 1957 to 1961. However, during a period during Cintron's post as mayor, Helvetia Nicole filled in as interim mayor. After his tenure as mayor, Cintrón was president of the Puerto Rico of the Unión de Trabajadores de Acero (United Steelworkers of America). Cintrón fathered seven children in his marriage to Josefina Fernandez Reyes (Carlos Juan, Rosa Margarita, Lillian, Enrique, Luis, and Lombardo), who was Ponce's First Lady", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13930217", "score": "0.85734355", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Roberto Feliberti Cintrón", "text": "was commissioned in the United States Navy, where he remained for four years. He served as a law clerk at the Roosevelt Roads Naval Station in Ceiba, Puerto Rico, from 1986 to 1989. After law school, Feliberti Cintrón began his legal career as a law clerk for the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico. Later, he worked at a private firm in Puerto Rico, specializing in commercial litigation, where he remained for 16 years and eventually became a partner. On December 1, 2009, Feliberti Cintrón took a seat on the Puerto Rico Court of Appeals after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19354104", "score": "0.8555949", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Kermit Cintrón", "text": "championship. The bout took place on February 14, 2009, and ended in a controversial majority draw. The opening rounds held no meaningful action, with Cintrón holding an early edge due to his aggression and cleaner punching. By the fourth round, Martínez started moving around with his hands down in an effort to draw Cintrón into a mistake, but to no avail, as there continued to be more clinching than punching. Martínez opened a cut over Cintrón's left eye early in the fifth round. Late in the seventh round, a left hand to the head hurt Cintrón, and after backing into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1780253", "score": "0.8525224", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Cimarron, Texas", "text": "anything else.\" Cimarron is in the Katy Independent School District. Residents are zoned to Cimarron Elementary School, West Memorial Junior High School, and Katy High School. The subdivision maintains a recreation complex for its residents, which includes a clubhouse, a playground, a swimming pool, and tennis courts. Cimarron, Texas Cimarron is an unincorporated community in Harris County, Texas, United States. It lies 40 km west of the heart of Houston, and 6 km SE of Katy, at an elevation of . Construction of the subdivision began in 1975, when the Homeowner association was incorporated, and the first house was constructed.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13906408", "score": "0.85130924", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Quintron", "text": "Drum Buddy Show, which includes a number of guest appearances and performances by artists such as Quintron, Miss Pussycat, Ernie K-Doe, MC Trachiotomy, and the Drum Buddy Dancers. Quintron is very enigmatic about his personal life and rarely grants interviews. It is known that he was born September 15, in Bitburg, West Germany, where his father was stationed in the military. He grew up in Mobile, Alabama, and St. Louis, Missouri, before completing high school and moving to Chicago at the age of seventeen. He attended Loyola University and was an active member of the Theatre Department before transferring to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5736345", "score": "0.85102797", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Cimarron City, Oklahoma", "text": "as homes were constructed for families and retirees who wanted to live in a rural ambience. Residents who still work typically must commute to Oklahoma City, Guthrie, Edmond or Crescent. It incorporated in 1974, and was named for the Cimarron River, which flows through the southwestern part of the town. Cimarron City is located at (35.884999, −97.602874). The town lies south of Crescent and west of Guthrie. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (7.56%) is water. As of the census of 2000,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1192445", "score": "0.85089135", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Carlos Juan Cintrón", "text": "Carlos Juan Cintrón Carlos Juan Cintrón Figueroa (6 September 1918 – 5 May 1998) was mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 1957 to 1961. However, during a period during Cintron's post as mayor, Helvetia Nicole filled in as interim mayor. After his tenure as mayor, Cintrón was president of the Puerto Rico of the Unión de Trabajadores de Acero (United Steelworkers of America). Cintrón fathered seven children in his marriage to Josefina Fernandez Reyes (Carlos Juan, Rosa Margarita, Lillian, Enrique, Luis, and Lombardo), who was Ponce's First Lady during Cintron's tenure as mayor. After his divorce from Fernandez Reyes, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13930216", "score": "0.85053945", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "colleagues", "Carlo Di Clemente" ]

[ { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "Transtheoretical model The transtheoretical model of behavior change is an integrative theory of therapy that assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual. The model is composed of constructs such as: stages of change, processes of change, levels of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation \"TTM\" and sometimes by the term \"stages of change\", although this latter term is a synecdoche since the stages of change are only one part of the model along with processes of change,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142916", "score": "1.4078624", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "James O. Prochaska", "text": "James O. Prochaska James O. Prochaska (born 1942) is a Professor of Psychology and Director of the Cancer Prevention Research Center at the University of Rhode Island He is the lead developer of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) beginning in 1983. Prochaska earned his B.A. in Psychology at Wayne State University in 1964, followed by his M.A. (1967) and Ph.D. Degrees (1969) both at Wayne State University. He is the author or co-author of over 400 publications on the dynamics of behavioral change - most of which expand the theory, test the TTM in randomized controlled trials, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15316960", "score": "1.3058368", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "for taking steps toward changing, and avoiding people and situations that tempt them to behave in unhealthy ways. Stage 5: Maintenance (monitoring) People at this stage changed their behavior more than 6 months ago. It is important for people in this stage to be aware of situations that may tempt them to slip back into doing the unhealthy behavior—particularly stressful situations. It is recommended that people in this stage seek support from and talk with people whom they trust, spend time with people who behave in healthy ways, and remember to engage in healthy activities to cope with stress instead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142881", "score": "1.2727807", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "of changing an unhealthy behavior. Stage 2: Contemplation (getting ready) At this stage, participants are intending to start the healthy behavior within the next 6 months. While they are usually now more aware of the pros of changing, their cons are about equal to their Pros. This ambivalence about changing can cause them to keep putting off taking action. People here learn about the kind of person they could be if they changed their behavior and learn more from people who behave in healthy ways. Others can influence and help effectively at this stage by encouraging them to work at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142878", "score": "1.2717513", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "James O. Prochaska", "text": "as one of the three most preeminent living clinical psychologists. James O. Prochaska James O. Prochaska (born 1942) is a Professor of Psychology and Director of the Cancer Prevention Research Center at the University of Rhode Island He is the lead developer of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) beginning in 1983. Prochaska earned his B.A. in Psychology at Wayne State University in 1964, followed by his M.A. (1967) and Ph.D. Degrees (1969) both at Wayne State University. He is the author or co-author of over 400 publications on the dynamics of behavioral change - most of which expand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15316962", "score": "1.2716922", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "perform on a task as a mediator of performance on future tasks. In his research Bandura already established that greater levels of perceived self-efficacy leads to greater changes in behavior. Similarly, Ajzen mentions the similarity between the concepts of self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control. This underlines the integrative nature of the transtheoretical model which combines various behavior theories. A change in the level of self-efficacy can predict a lasting change in behavior if there are adequate incentives and skills. The transtheoretical model employs an overall confidence score to assess an individual's self-efficacy. Situational temptations assess how tempted people are to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142890", "score": "1.2487586", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "in the near future (within 6 months), and may be unaware of the need to change. People here learn more about healthy behavior: they are encouraged to think about the pros of changing their behavior and to feel emotions about the effects of their negative behavior on others. Precontemplators typically underestimate the pros of changing, overestimate the cons, and often are not aware of making such mistakes. One of the most effective steps that others can help with at this stage is to encourage them to become more mindful of their decision making and more conscious of the multiple benefits", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142877", "score": "1.2478249", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "number one concern is: when they act, will they fail? They learn that the better prepared they are, the more likely they are to keep progressing. Stage 4: Action (current action) People at this stage have changed their behavior within the last 6 months and need to work hard to keep moving ahead. These participants need to learn how to strengthen their commitments to change and to fight urges to slip back. People in this stage progress by being taught techniques for keeping up their commitments such as substituting activities related to the unhealthy behavior with positive ones, rewarding themselves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142880", "score": "1.2377582", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "behavior models, including the transtheoretical model, theory of planned behavior and norm-activation model, to build the stage model of self-regulated behavior change (SSBC). Bamberg claims that his model is a solution to criticism raised towards the TTM. Some researchers in travel, dietary, and environmental research have conducted empirical studies, showing that the SSBC might be a future path for TTM-based research. This core construct is \"the situation-specific confidence people have that they can cope with high-risk situations without relapsing to their unhealthy or high risk-habit\". The construct is based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and conceptualizes a person's perceived ability to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142889", "score": "1.232278", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "James O. Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island, and Carlo Di Clemente and colleagues developed the transtheoretical model beginning in 1977. It is based on analysis and use of different theories of psychotherapy, hence the name \"transtheoretical\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "published in peer-reviewed journals and books. This construct refers to the temporal dimension of behavioural change. In the transtheoretical model, change is a \"process involving progress through a series of stages\": In addition, the researchers conceptualized \"Relapse\" (recycling) which is not a stage in itself but rather the \"return from Action or Maintenance to an earlier stage\". The quantitative definition of the stages of change (see below) is perhaps the most notorious feature of the model. However it is also one of the most critiqued, even in the field of smoking cessation, where it was originally formulated. It has been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142875", "score": "1.2236134", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "reducing the cons of changing their behavior. Stage 3: Preparation (ready) People at this stage are ready to start taking action within the next 30 days. They take small steps that they believe can help them make the healthy behavior a part of their lives. For example, they tell their friends and family that they want to change their behavior. People in this stage should be encouraged to seek support from friends they trust, tell people about their plan to change the way they act, and think about how they would feel if they behaved in a healthier way. Their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142879", "score": "1.2224474", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Fear appeal", "text": "social behavior, it is considered to be deficient in explaining behavior change. A transtheoretical model of fear appeals explains a dynamic process of health behavior change. Its structure is based on the assumption that behavior change is a systematic process involving a series of stages referred to as stages of change. It also holds that the transition between stages involves a rational coping process referred to as processes of change. The stages of change are: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. According to the transtheoretical model, movement through the different stages involves a process called decision balance. Decision balance takes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11299825", "score": "1.2027438", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "said that such quantitative definition (i.e. a person is in preparation if it intends to change within a month) does not reflect the nature of behaviour change, that it does not have better predictive power than simpler questions (i.e. \"do you have plans to change...\"), and that it has problems regarding its classification reliability. Communication theorist and sociologist Everett Rogers suggested that the stages of change are analogues of the stages of the innovation adoption process in Rogers' theory of diffusion of innovations. Stage 1: Precontemplation (not ready) People at this stage do not intend to start the healthy behavior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142876", "score": "1.1994029", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "reference to stages of change. The model \"assumes that individuals typically make coherent and stable plans\", when in fact they often do not. Within research on prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases a systematic review from 2003 comes to the conclusion that \"no strong conclusions\" can be drawn about the effectiveness of interventions based on the transtheoretical model. Again this conclusion is reached due to the inconsistency of use and implementation of the model. This study also confirms that the better stage-matched the intervention the more effect it has to encourage condom use. Within the health research domain, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142910", "score": "1.1452516", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "assessing which processes are most effective in the context of travel behaviour change should be a priority in the future in order to secure the role of TTM in travel behaviour research. The TTM has been called \"arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change, having received unprecedented research attention, yet it has simultaneously attracted criticism\". Depending on the field of application (e.g. smoking cessation, substance abuse, condom use, diabetes treatment, obesity and travel) somewhat different criticisms have been raised. In a systematic review, published in 2003, of 23 randomized controlled trials, the authors found that \"stage based interventions are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142906", "score": "1.109625", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "engage in a problem behavior in a certain situation. This core construct identifies the depth or complexity of presenting problems according to five levels of increasing complexity. Different therapeutic approaches are recommended for each level as well as for each stage of change. The levels are: The outcomes of the TTM computerized tailored interventions administered to participants in pre-Action stages are outlined below. A national sample of pre-Action adults was provided a stress management intervention. At the 18-month follow-up, a significantly larger proportion of the treatment group (62%) was effectively managing their stress when compared to the control group. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142891", "score": "1.1007315", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "drawing conclusions on the benefits of the transtheoretical model\" as related to dietary interventions. Again, studies with slightly different design, e.g. using different processes, proved to be effective in predicting the stage transition of intention to exercise in relation to treating patients with diabetes. TTM has generally found a greater popularity regarding research on physical activity, due to the increasing problems associated with unhealthy diets and sedentary living, e.g. obesity, cardiovascular problems. A 2011 Cochrane Systematic Review found that there is little evidence to suggest that using the Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change (TTM SOC) method is effective in helping", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142912", "score": "1.069447", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Behavioural change theories", "text": "hypothesises that self-efficacy is important in determining the strength of the individual's intention to perform a behaviour. In 2010, Fishbein and Ajzen introduced the reasoned action approach, the successor of the theory of planned behaviour. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, also known as the \"stages of change model\", states that there are five stages towards behavior change. The five stages, between which individuals may transition before achieving complete change, are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation for action, action, and maintenance. At the precontemplation stage, an individual may or may not be aware of a problem but has no thought", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9053007", "score": "1.0681728", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "of relying on unhealthy behavior. Relapse (recycling) Relapse in the TTM specifically applies to individuals who successfully quit smoking or using drugs or alcohol, only to resume these unhealthy behaviors. Individuals who attempt to quit highly addictive behaviors such as drug, alcohol, and tobacco use are at particularly high risk of a relapse. Achieving a long-term behavior change often requires ongoing support from family members, a health coach, a physician, or another motivational source. Supportive literature and other resources can also be helpful to avoid a relapse from happening. The 10 processes of change are \"covert and overt activities that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142882", "score": "1.0603395", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "(i.e., reducing calorie and dietary fat intake), moderate exercise, and managing emotional distress without eating. Up to three tailored reports (one per behavior) were delivered based on assessments conducted at four time points: baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. All participants were followed up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Multiple Imputation was used to estimate missing data. Generalized Labor Estimating Equations (GLEE) were then used to examine differences between the treatment and comparison groups. At 24 months, those who were in a pre-Action stage for healthy eating at baseline and received treatment were significantly more likely to have reached", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142896", "score": "1.0488888", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Behavior change (public health)", "text": "on a few behavioral change theories which gained ground in the 1980s. These theories share a major commonality in defining individual actions as the locus of change. Behavior change programs that are usually focused on activities that help a person or a community to reflect upon their risk behaviors and change them to reduce their risk and vulnerability are known as interventions. Examples include: \"Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model of Behavior Change\", \"theory of reasoned action\", \"health belief model\", \"theory of planned behavior\", diffusion of innovation\", and the health action process approach. Developments in health behavior change theories since the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4689187", "score": "1.034557", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "significantly more than the comparison group. This study demonstrates the ability of TTM-based tailored feedback to improve healthy eating, exercise, managing emotional distress, and weight on a population basis. The treatment produced the highest population impact to date on multiple health risk behaviors. Multiple studies have found individualized interventions tailored on the 14 TTM variables for smoking cessation to effectively recruit and retain pre-Action participants and produce long-term abstinence rates within the range of 22% – 26%. These interventions have also consistently outperformed alternative interventions including best-in-class action-oriented self-help programs, non-interactive manual-based programs, and other common interventions. Furthermore, these interventions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142899", "score": "1.0344778", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "Protons or Maintenance than the comparison group (47.5% vs. 34.3%). The intervention also impacted a related, but untreated behavior: fruit and vegetable consumption. Over 48% of those in the treatment group in a pre-Action stage at baseline progressed to Action or Maintenance for eating at least 5 servings a day of fruit and vegetables as opposed to 39% of the comparison group. Individuals in the treatment group who were in a pre-Action stage for exercise at baseline were also significantly more likely to reach Action or Maintenance (44.9% vs. 38.1%). The treatment also had a significant effect on managing emotional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142897", "score": "1.0094773", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "or negative attitude about something or someone. During the change process individuals gradually shift from cons to pros, forming a more positive attitude towards the target behaviour. Attitudes are one of the core constructs explaining behaviour and behaviour change in various research domains. Other behaviour models, such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the stage model of self-regulated change, also emphasise attitude as an important determinant of behaviour. The progression through the different stages of change is reflected in a gradual change in attitude before the individual acts. Most of the processes of change aim at evaluating and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142887", "score": "1.0037824", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "James O. Prochaska", "text": "defend the TTM. Prochaska, J.O., & Prochaska, J.M. (2016). Changing to Thrive. Center City: Hazelden Publishing. Dr. Prochaska is the principal investigator on over $80 million in research grants for the prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. He founded Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. in 1997. Dr. Prochaska has won numerous awards including the Top Five Most Cited Authors in Psychology from the American Psychology Society, an Innovator's Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and was the first psychologist to win the Medal of Honor for Clinical Research from the American Cancer Society. Dr. Prochaska has recently been recognized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15316961", "score": "1.0003573", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "I-Change Model", "text": "I-Change Model In psychology, the I-change model or the Integrated Model for explaining motivational and behavioral change derives from the Attitude – Social Influence – Self-Efficacy Model, integrates ideas of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model, the Health Belief Model, and Goal setting theories. Previous versions of this model (referred to as the Attitude, Social Norm, Self-Efficacy (ASE) model, derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior) have been used to explain a variety of types of health behavior. The I-Change Model is a phase model and assumes that at least three phases in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12779542", "score": "0.997576", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Transtheoretical model", "text": "the Precontemplation or Contemplation stage, rates of reliable and clinically significant improvement in depression were 40% for treatment and 9% for control. Among patients with mild depression, or who were in the Action or Maintenance stage at baseline, the intervention helped prevent disease progression to Major Depression during the follow-up period. Fifty-hundred-and-seventy-seven overweight or moderately obese adults (BMI 25-39.9) were recruited nationally, primarily from large employers. Those randomly assigned to the treatment group received a stage-matched multiple behavior change guide and a series of tailored, individualized interventions for three health behaviors that are crucial to effective weight management: healthy eating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5142895", "score": "0.9959656", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Transpersonal psychology", "text": "and practices, as influences that shaped the early field of transpersonal psychology. Another important figure in the establishment of transpersonal psychology was Abraham Maslow, who had already published work regarding human peak experiences. Maslow is credited for having presented the outline of a fourth-force psychology, named transhumanistic psychology, in a lecture entitled \"The Farther Reaches of Human Nature\" in 1967. In 1968 Maslow was among the people who announced transpersonal psychology as a \"fourth force\" in psychology, in order to distinguish it from the three other forces of psychology: psychoanalysis, behaviorism and humanistic psychology. Early use of the term \"transpersonal\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2364504", "score": "0.9927174", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Transpersonal psychology", "text": "who are associated with Jungian perspectives, or models that include the principle of regression, such as Michael Washburn and Stanislav Grof. The transpersonal psychology of Ken Wilber is often mentioned as an influential theoretical framework for the field. Wilber is often regarded as a leading theorist and pioneer of the transpersonal movement, but he has not been actively associated with the label for quite some time. Several commentators note that he has distanced himself from the transpersonal field in favour of a new model that he calls integral. However, his psychological model still remains influential to the practice and development", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2364523", "score": "0.9905889", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "Minneapolis, Minnesota" ]

[ { "title": "Superbowl of Wrestling", "text": "Superbowl of Wrestling The Superbowl of Wrestling was an event held in the 1970s. It was one of the first professional wrestling \"Supercards\". The first Superbowl of Wrestling was held in Cleveland, Ohio at Municipal Stadium on August 12, 1972. Three rings were set up, side by side, and often more than one match would be going on at a time. Attendance figures have been estimated as high as 20,000 and as low as 5,000. No reliable sources seem to agree on a number. Here are partial results of the show: Another Superbowl of Wrestling was held on January 25,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7801945", "score": "0.8162333", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Superbowl of Wrestling", "text": "1978. This Superbowl of Wrestling was held at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, drawing over 12,000 fans for a unification match between the WWWF and NWA World Championships. Here are the results: Superbowl of Wrestling The Superbowl of Wrestling was an event held in the 1970s. It was one of the first professional wrestling \"Supercards\". The first Superbowl of Wrestling was held in Cleveland, Ohio at Municipal Stadium on August 12, 1972. Three rings were set up, side by side, and often more than one match would be going on at a time. Attendance figures have been estimated as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7801946", "score": "0.81001323", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)", "text": "game attendance to dwindle, and once again the Bidwills decided to move the team, this time to either Baltimore, Phoenix, or Jacksonville. Nonetheless, Cardinals fans were unhappy at losing their team, and Bill Bidwill, fearing for his safety, stayed away from several of the 1987 home games. Their last home game was on December 13, 1987, in which the Cardinals won 27–24 over the New York Giants in front of 29,623 fans on a late Sunday afternoon. On March 15, 1988, the NFL team owners voted to allow Bidwill to move the Cardinals from St. Louis to Phoenix, Arizona for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16192688", "score": "0.80721146", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "ArenaBowl", "text": "ArenaBowl The ArenaBowl is the Arena Football League's championship game. From 1987 to 2004, the ArenaBowl was hosted by either the team with the better regular-season record or the higher seeding in the playoffs. From ArenaBowl XIX in 2005 until ArenaBowl XXII in 2008, the game was played at a neutral site. When the AFL returned from a bankruptcy-induced hiatus in 2010, the original format was used for this and the next season; for 2012 and 2013, the game returned to being played at a neutral site. In 2014, it was announced that the ArenaBowl would return to the format", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2199373", "score": "0.7937171", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Hard Rock Stadium", "text": "game. Until 2008, the stadium was host (in even numbered years) to the annual Shula Bowl, a game played between the Florida Atlantic University Owls and the Florida International University Panthers, when the game was hosted by FAU as the home team (FIU hosts the game at its own stadium, Riccardo Silva Stadium, every other year). In 2010, the game was moved to Fort Lauderdale's Lockhart Stadium, and in 2011 the Owls opened FAU Stadium on its Boca Raton campus, and started hosting the Shula Bowl there biennially in 2012. In 2017 it was announced that the stadium would host", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2283198", "score": "0.79154587", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "NFL Kickoff Game", "text": "of Super Bowl 50) retired and Brock Osweiler left as a free agent. 2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season. 2018: The defending Super Bowl LII champions, the Philadelphia Eagles hosted the Atlanta Falcons for the 2018 Kickoff Game at Lincoln Financial Field, in a rematch of their 2017 Divisional Playoff Game. \"Winning team labeled in bold.\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Game was not yet hosted by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9277490", "score": "0.79128116", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Arena Football League", "text": "ArenaBowl XXII. In 2010, the location returned to being decided by which of the two participating teams was seeded higher. ArenaBowl XXV (2012) returned to a neutral site and was once again played in New Orleans. From 2014 to 2017, the ArenaBowl was played at the venue of the higher-seeded team. With one week remaining in the 2018 season, it was announced that the ArenaBowl would be awarded to the semifinal winner with the higher regular season attendance average. This rule was then not used in 2018 after the Washington Valor's home field, Capital One Arena, already had scheduled renovations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "692144", "score": "0.78696644", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "CenturyLink Field", "text": "Bob Whitsitt said that they hoped the new stadium would help turn the Seahawks into a Super Bowl contender and that Seattle would be considered to host the championship game. The seating is expandable to 72,000 for the purpose of holding the game, but the NFL typically does not consider cities with outdoor stadiums where the average temperature in February is below . The number of season tickets available at Qwest was capped at 61,000 following the Super Bowl appearance. The ensuing waiting list was the first for the Seahawks since the early 1990s. The team's first season at their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1659061", "score": "0.7851317", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "AT&T Stadium", "text": "game and Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas in 2013. The Southwest Classic returned to AT&T Stadium in 2014 and will remain there through at least 2020. In 2009, the Big 12 Conference game between the Baylor Bears and Texas Tech Red Raiders was held at Cowboys Stadium, the first time in the series the match-up was held on a neutral site. The game was the highest attended in the series' history, with 71,964 in attendance. After the 2010 game was held at the Cotton Bowl in Fair Park, Dallas during the State Fair of Texas, the series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8555236", "score": "0.7841101", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII", "text": "National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season, and the sixth Super Bowl held in a", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2018 Atlanta Falcons season", "text": "assures that the Super Bowl host team will not play the championship game on their own field. 2018 Atlanta Falcons season The 2018 season is the Atlanta Falcons' 53rd in the National Football League, their second playing their home games at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (the venue for Super Bowl LIII) and their fourth under head coach Dan Quinn. The Falcons attempted to be the first team to play the Super Bowl in their home stadium as an expected Super Bowl contender. However the Falcons were riddled with injuries, losing 7 starters to IR with the Falcons stumbling to a 1–4 start.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20469780", "score": "0.7825577", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "ArenaBowl XXV", "text": "From 2005-2008, the ArenaBowl were hosted at neutral sites (Las Vegas and New Orleans). In 2010 and 2011, the games went to the highest seed in the game, which were Spokane, Washington and Phoenix, Arizona. The last two ArenaBowls at a neutral site (ArenaBowl XXI and ArenaBowl XXII) were also played in New Orleans in 2007 and 2008. ArenaBowl XXV was televised on NFL Network after the AFL and NFL Network agreed on a third straight contract to carry games. The game was pushed back to a kickoff at 10:30 pm ET. NFL Network bumped the ArenaBowl back and instead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16013053", "score": "0.7772858", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of the Seattle Seahawks", "text": "Louis Rams. The Seahawks hosted the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Wildcard Playoffs; trailing 20-13 the Seahawks pounced on a botched Tony Romo throw to Terry Glenn in Dallas' endzone for a safety, then scored on a 37-yard Hasselbeck touchdown. The Cowboys drove downfield but on the ensuing field goal attempt Romo (the holder) blew the snap and was stopped in his rush to the endzone. A desperate last-second Romo throw was batted down, and the Seahawks won 21-20. The Seahawks fell 27-24 in overtime to the Chicago Bears in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs. The Seattle Seahawks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9869665", "score": "0.77490854", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Basketbowl", "text": "their exhibition game at Berlin, Germany's Olympic Stadium. The 2010 NBA All-Star Game at Cowboys Stadium drew a crowd of 108,713, which shattered the all-time attendance record for the sport set by Michigan State and Kentucky in 2003. It was announced on April 15, 2008 that Ford Field would host \"BasketBowl II\" between the Spartans and North Carolina as part of the ACC–Big Ten Challenge on December 3 of that year. North Carolina won the game easily 98–63. The game was televised on ESPN. The two teams met again in Ford Field four months later, this time for the 2009", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8163043", "score": "0.77440107", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Los Angeles Rams", "text": "low marks for tailgating, affordability and atmosphere. On January 20, 2012, it was announced that the Rams would play one home game a season at Wembley Stadium in London for the next 3 seasons. The first game was played against the New England Patriots on October 28, 2012. On August 13, 2012, it was announced that the Rams had withdrawn from the 2013 and 2014 games. At this time, the Rams began negotiations with St. Louis about what steps could be taken to remediate the \"top tier\" requirement of the lease. On March 10, 2015, the Rams traded starting quarterback", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13518847", "score": "0.7741234", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Super Bowl", "text": "Coliseum. In both cases, the stadium in which the Super Bowl was held was perceived to be a better stadium for a large, high-profile event than the stadiums the Rams and 49ers were playing in at the time; this situation has not arisen since 1993, in part because the league has traditionally awarded the Super Bowl in modern times to the newest stadiums. Besides those two, the only other Super Bowl venue that was not the home stadium to an NFL team at the time was Rice Stadium in Houston: the Houston Oilers had played there previously, but moved to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "376042", "score": "0.77281773", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2018 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "8-6 on the season. 2018 Dallas Cowboys season The 2018 season is the Dallas Cowboys' 59th and current in the National Football League (NFL), their 30th under the ownership of Jerry Jones, their 10th playing their home games at AT&T Stadium, and their eighth full season under head coach Jason Garrett. AT&T Stadium is also the first stadium venue to host the annual draft. For the first time since 2009, wide receiver Dez Bryant was not on the opening day roster, as he was released on April 13, 2018 and signed with the New Orleans Saints on November 7, 2018.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20468746", "score": "0.77176595", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LIII", "text": "that the American pop rock band, Maroon 5, will headline the game's halftime show, though neither the NFL nor Maroon 5 have confirmed the reports. Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18798746", "score": "0.77071273", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "ArenaBowl XXIV", "text": "May 9, AFL Commissioner Jerry Kurz said playing ArenaBowl XXV in 2012 at a neutral site is a strong option. The ArenaBowl was played at the highest seed in the game since the AFL's inception in 1987 until 2004. From 2005 to 2008, it was at a neutral site, Las Vegas and New Orleans. In 2010, the ArenaBowl returned to the highest remaining seed setting, as ArenaBowl XXIII was played at the Spokane Arena, home of the Spokane Shock, who won the game. ArenaBowl XXIV was televised on NFL Network. The game was the highest watched Arena Football League game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14846621", "score": "0.7703473", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Seagulls Stadium", "text": "<BR> Seagulls Stadium Seagulls Stadium was a rugby league stadium located on Gollan Drive in West Tweed Heads, New South Wales. Originally known as Chris Cunningham Field, it was the home ground of the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants rugby league franchise, who entered the New South Wales Rugby League premiership in 1988. Tweed Heads was chosen as the venue for Giants games, despite the club's name indicating they were based in the nearby state of Queensland. This was due to a clause in the expansion licence, which stated that only one team was allowed to play in South East Queensland (this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7679662", "score": "0.7701249", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Arrowhead Stadium", "text": "December 2, 2013, at a home game against the New Orleans Saints. Seattle gained the record by reaching a noise level of 137.6 decibels. The Chiefs reclaimed the title on September 29, 2014 in a Monday Night Football game against the New England Patriots, hitting 142.2 decibels. On September 20, 2015, the Buffalo Bills attempted to break the noise record in a home game against division rival New England Patriots, but fell short of the mark. It was not released what the decibel reading was. Arrowhead Stadium has hosted five Big 12 Conference football championship games: Kansas State versus Oklahoma", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2005708", "score": "0.7687007", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2008 NFL season", "text": "played their home games at Lucas Oil Stadium. Meanwhile, 2008 was the final year that the Dallas Cowboys played at Texas Stadium; they moved to Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in 2009. In preseason games, the annual Pro Football Hall of Fame Game was played August 3 between the Indianapolis Colts and Washington Redskins, which aired on NBC. Washington won the game, 30–16. Other preseason highlights included the first game of the Toronto Series, which was played August 14 between the Buffalo Bills and the Pittsburgh Steelers at Toronto's Rogers Centre. The Bills won that game, 24–21. Based on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10379943", "score": "0.7685027", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "NFL Kickoff Game", "text": "to move the 2012 Kickoff Game one day earlier to Wednesday, September 5. The New York Giants, winner of Super Bowl XLVI, hosted their rivals, the Dallas Cowboys. 2013: After winning Super Bowl XLVII, the Baltimore Ravens were to have hosted the 2013 Kickoff Game on September 5. However, this was on the same day as a home game for the Baltimore Orioles, whose stadium, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, shares parking with the Ravens' M&T Bank Stadium. (The Orioles could not move their game to the afternoon, because they and their opponent were playing night games in other cities", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9277486", "score": "0.768289", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2008 Buffalo Bills season", "text": "Bills will play a pre-season game every other year there. This season's pre-season game in Toronto was week 2. One regular season home game per year will be played at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario as part of a five-year deal. For 2008, December 7's matchup with the Miami Dolphins was staged in Toronto. The Bills began their 2008 campaign at home against the Seattle Seahawks. In the first quarter, Buffalo drew first blood as running back Marshawn Lynch got a 21-yard touchdown run. In the second quarter, the Bills increased their lead with wide receiver/punt returner Roscoe Parrish", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11528018", "score": "0.7677819", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Seattle", "text": "three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. The team played in the Kingdome until it was imploded in 2000 and moved into Qwest Field (now CenturyLink Field) at the same site in 2003. The Seahawks lost Super Bowl XL in 2005 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Detroit, but won Super Bowl XLVIII in 2013 by defeating the Denver Broncos 43–8 at MetLife Stadium. The team advanced to the Super Bowl the following year, but lost to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX on a last-minute play. Seahawks fans have set stadium noise records on several occasions and are collectively", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10286810", "score": "0.7667775", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2003 Chicago Bears season", "text": "Stadium in the campus of the University of Illinois in Champaign. the first 2 pre-season games were held at Memorial Stadium before the reopening was on August 9 against the Indianapolis Colts and on August 16, against the Denver Broncos. The first home game held at the newly renovated Soldier Field was their primetime game against Green Bay Packers on September 29, 2003, televised on ABC's \"Monday Night Football\". Also introducing this season is the team's brand new mascot Staley Da Bear. Staley was introduced during the team's home game on September 29, 2003 against the Green Bay Packers. Prior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9459869", "score": "0.766624", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sydney Thunder", "text": "The team played their final two games of the 2014-15 Big Bash League season at Sydney Showground Stadium after they were unable to use ANZ Stadium due to the 2015 AFC Asian Cup association football tournament. In June 2015, the Thunder announced they would leave ANZ Stadium and play all home games at Sydney Showground Stadium until the 2024-25 BBL season. The 2015–16 Big Bash League season marked the first year in which the Thunder finished in the top half of the table, finishing 4th overall. Having won the first three games of the season and boasting a squad including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15543768", "score": "0.7658773", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Atlanta Silverbacks Park", "text": "after playing 2016 with the WPSL. The Atlanta Rhinos Rugby league team played their 2014 USA Rugby League fixtures at the Atlanta Silverbacks Park. The Atlanta Renegades Rugby Football Club, a Rugby Union team, of USA Rugby are in partnership with the Atlanta Silverbacks. They use the complex for all their training and home games. The team mainly play at \"Renegade Field.\". The stadium and park is located off Northcrest Road between Interstate 85 and Chamblee-Tucker Road. The official address is Atlanta Silverbacks Way, Atlanta, GA 30340, although some maps use the former name of Northcrest Way. Atlanta Silverbacks Park", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10344133", "score": "0.7658224", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sports in Dallas", "text": "United, and the New York Yankees. In 2009, the Cowboys relocated to their new 80,000-seat AT&T Stadium in Arlington, which was the site of Super Bowl XLV. The college Cotton Bowl Classic football game was played at the Cotton Bowl through its 2009 game, but has moved to AT&T Stadium. Multiple different teams were referred to as the \"Dallas Texans\". The Dallas Texans (NFL) played the National Football League for one season in 1952. Another version of the Dallas Texans was a charter member of the American Football League IV in 1960, before becoming the Kansas City Chiefs in 1963.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17825094", "score": "0.76516163", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "National Football League", "text": "NFL team is based in the contiguous United States. Although no team is based in a foreign country, the Jacksonville Jaguars began playing one home game a year at Wembley Stadium in London, England, in 2013 as part of the NFL International Series. The Jaguars' agreement with Wembley was originally set to expire in 2016, but has since been extended through 2020. The Buffalo Bills played one home game every season at Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as part of the Bills Toronto Series from to . Mexico also hosted an NFL regular-season game, a 2005 game between the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "284586", "score": "0.7649052", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "Ferrari driver Sebastian Vettel", "Sebastian Vettel" ]

[ { "title": "2018 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2018 Australian Grand Prix The 2018 Australian Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 2018 Rolex Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 25 March 2018 in Melbourne, Victoria. The race was contested over fifty-eight laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2018 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race marked the eighty-second race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix—which dates back to the 100 Miles Road Race of 1928—and the twenty-third time the event was held at the Albert Park circuit. Ferrari driver Sebastian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20107065", "score": "1.1346895", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Australian Grand Prix", "text": "One World Championship.\" As of the 2018 edition, four-time World Drivers' Champion Alain Prost remains the only driver to win the race in both World Championship and domestic formats, winning the Australian Drivers' Championship 1982 race before winning in Adelaide in 1986 and 1988. \"Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.\"<br> \"A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.\" \"A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.\" Australian Grand Prix The Australian Grand Prix is a motor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2031153", "score": "1.0785688", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "1982 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "a Ralt RT4. His subsequent victory in the 1986 Australian Grand Prix would see him secure his second straight Formula One World Championship for Drivers title and become the first driver to win the Australian Grand Prix in both its Australian domestic and World Championship formats. As of 2016 he remains as the only driver to have achieved this. The 1982 race was the first Australian Grand Prix since 1968 in which no Australian driver placed in the first three positions. The highest-placed Australian was the Alfredo Costanzo who finished fifth in a Tiga FA81 Ford, thus clinching the 1982", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10929374", "score": "1.0594275", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Formula One drivers from Russia", "text": "Formula One drivers from Russia There have been three Formula One drivers from Russia, all have raced in the 2010s and two have scored podium positions in Grands Prix. Sergey Sirotkin made his debut for Williams Martini Racing at the 2018 Australian Grand Prix. He would score a solitary point at the 2018 Italian Grand Prix in the uncompetitive Williams FW41. He was replaced with Robert Kubica for 2019. When Vitaly Petrov made his Grand Prix debut for Renault at the 2010 Bahrain Grand Prix he became the first driver from Russia or the former Soviet Union to compete in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19210359", "score": "1.0370367", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2017 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2017 Australian Grand Prix The 2017 Australian Grand Prix (formally known as the 2017 Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 26 March 2017 in Melbourne. The race was contested over fifty-seven laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2017 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race marked the eighty-first race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix – which dates back to the 100 Miles Road Race of 1928 – and the twenty-second time the event was held at the Melbourne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19914999", "score": "1.0250385", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1980 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "their new Australian hero. Italian driver Bruno Giacomelli finished second in the only other International Formula One car in the race, an Alfa Romeo 179. Third was French driver Didier Pironi driving an Australian built Elfin MR8 Formula 5000. By winning the Australian Grand Prix, Alan Jones joined his father Stan Jones to become the first ever father and son to win the race. Stan Jones had won the 1959 Australian Grand Prix at the Longford Circuit in Tasmania driving a Maserati 250F. As of the 2017 race, Alan Jones remains the last Australian driver to have won the Australian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10930318", "score": "1.0210125", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Australian Grand Prix", "text": "racing memorable for deciding Championship results, most notably the 1986 and 1994 races which saw the and World Drivers' Championships decided. Australian driver Lex Davison and German driver Michael Schumacher are the most successful drivers in the 86-year history of the event taking four wins each, while McLaren and Ferrari have been the most successful constructors with twelve victories each. Frenchman Alain Prost is the only driver to win the Australian Grand Prix in both Australian domestic and World Championship formats, having won the race in 1982 driving a Formula Pacific Ralt RT4 and in Formula One in 1986 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2031101", "score": "1.0207443", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bob Jane", "text": "the then retired Jones, plus future Formula One World Champion Alain Prost. Frenchman Prost won the 100 lap race from Laffite and 1981 winner Roberto Moreno. When Prost later won his second AGP in Adelaide in 1986 to win his second of four Formula One World Championships, he became the only driver to ever win the Australian Grand Prix in both World Championship and non-championship formats. The 1983 race, while only attracting one current F1 driver in Jacques Laffite, as well as Alan Jones, who had made an abortive F1 comeback earlier in the year, did attract 24 entries (mostly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8707782", "score": "1.0084658", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Formula One drivers from Australia", "text": "their own cars, a Brabham in 1966. Twelve other Australian drivers have started a race with Mark Webber and Daniel Ricciardo being the only two to have won at least one grand prix. In 2011 Daniel Ricciardo became the first West Australian to race in Formula One. He had joined Red Bull in 2009 as a test driver and was promoted to reserve driver for the following year. He was loaned to HRT in the second half of the 2011 season and joined Toro Rosso as a full-time driver in 2012. After staying with Toro Rosso for 2013, Ricciardo moved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16795400", "score": "1.0058788", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2018 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "Ferrari driver Sebastian Vettel was the defending race winner. Lewis Hamilton started the race from pole—his seventh pole position in Australia, a record for the event—while Vettel successfully defended his race win, the forty-eighth of his career.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "1987 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "in his Formula One debut with AGS by finishing 6th. The last car to cross the finish line was the Zakspeed of Christian Danner in 7th place, 3 laps down on Berger. 1987 Australian Grand Prix The 1987 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Adelaide on 15 November 1987. It was the sixteenth and final race of the 1987 Formula One World Championship. The 82-lap race was won by Austrian driver Gerhard Berger, who started from pole position and led every lap in his Ferrari. Brazilian Ayrton Senna finished second in his Lotus-Honda but was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4003172", "score": "1.0024036", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2018 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "Alonso resisted the pressure from Verstappen while holding on to fifth place. Vettel took the chequered flag to win the Australian Grand Prix for the second consecutive year, followed by Hamilton and Räikkönen rounding the podium. Ricciardo, Alonso, Verstappen, Hülkenberg, Bottas, Vandoorne and Sainz in that order completed the top ten, with Renault scoring their first double-points-finish since the 2011 Turkish Grand Prix. Ricciardo's 4th placed finish marked his joint best finish at Albert Park, but also the joint best finish for an Australian at the Australian Grand Prix, equalling his 2016 result, and Mark Webber's 4th place in 2012.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20107064", "score": "0.99958444", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Max Verstappen", "text": "Prix winner, youngest to win the same Grand Prix multiple times and youngest to win the same Grand Prix in successive years. † Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance. Max Verstappen Max Emilian Verstappen (; born 30 September 1997) is a Belgian-Dutch racing driver who competes under the Dutch flag in Formula One with Red Bull Racing. Aged , he became the youngest driver to compete in Formula 1 at the 2015 Australian Grand Prix. He also holds eight other \"firsts\" in Formula One racing. After spending the entire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17822361", "score": "0.9944962", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2010 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2010 Australian Grand Prix The 2010 Australian Grand Prix (formally the 2010 Formula 1 Qantas Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 28 March 2010 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was the second round of the 2010 Formula One season. The 58-lap race was won by McLaren driver Jenson Button who started from fourth position. Robert Kubica finished second for the Renault team and Ferrari driver Felipe Massa came in third. The victory was Button's first of the season; the result moved him to third place in the Drivers' Championship,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13746309", "score": "0.9927707", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2010 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "Red Bull for fourth place with 18 points each, with seventeen races remaining in the season. Notes: 2010 Australian Grand Prix The 2010 Australian Grand Prix (formally the 2010 Formula 1 Qantas Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 28 March 2010 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was the second round of the 2010 Formula One season. The 58-lap race was won by McLaren driver Jenson Button who started from fourth position. Robert Kubica finished second for the Renault team and Ferrari driver Felipe Massa came in third. The victory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13746346", "score": "0.9917171", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2005 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2005 Australian Grand Prix The 2005 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit on 6 March 2005. It was the first round of the 2005 Formula One season. The 58-lap race was won by Renault driver Giancarlo Fisichella after he started from pole position. Rubens Barrichello finished second for the Ferrari team and Fisichella's team-mate Fernando Alonso came in third. The first practice session of the 2005 Australian Grand Prix was dominated by Vitantonio Liuzzi who was appearing at his first grand prix for Red Bull at their first race. Twenty-two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4684543", "score": "0.98818004", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Formula One drivers from Australia", "text": "Formula One drivers from Australia There have been 17 Formula One drivers from Australia, 14 of which have taken part in at least one race since the championship began in 1950, and 3 failed to qualify. Two drivers have won the World Drivers' Championship: Jack Brabham, who won it three times, and Alan Jones, the most recent Australian world champion. One driver is currently active in the sport. Two Australian drivers won the World Drivers' Championship, Jack Brabham in 1959, 1960, and 1966, and Alan Jones in 1980. Brabham is the only driver to win the title in one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16795399", "score": "0.9868189", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "1987 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "1987 Australian Grand Prix The 1987 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Adelaide on 15 November 1987. It was the sixteenth and final race of the 1987 Formula One World Championship. The 82-lap race was won by Austrian driver Gerhard Berger, who started from pole position and led every lap in his Ferrari. Brazilian Ayrton Senna finished second in his Lotus-Honda but was subsequently disqualified, thus promoting Berger's Italian teammate Michele Alboreto to second and the Benetton-Ford of Belgian Thierry Boutsen to third. Ferrari's Gerhard Berger started from pole position despite being ill during qualifying.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4003167", "score": "0.9867398", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Formula One drivers from Russia", "text": "after his home race he was demoted back to Toro Rosso and was subsequently replaced by Max Verstappen. After having scored only 5 points in the 2017 season by the 2017 United States Grand Prix, he was dropped from Toro Rosso and replaced with Pierre Gasly. Formula One drivers from Russia There have been three Formula One drivers from Russia, all have raced in the 2010s and two have scored podium positions in Grands Prix. Sergey Sirotkin made his debut for Williams Martini Racing at the 2018 Australian Grand Prix. He would score a solitary point at the 2018 Italian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19210362", "score": "0.98627037", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Max Verstappen", "text": "Max Verstappen Max Emilian Verstappen (; born 30 September 1997) is a Belgian-Dutch racing driver who competes under the Dutch flag in Formula One with Red Bull Racing. Aged , he became the youngest driver to compete in Formula 1 at the 2015 Australian Grand Prix. He also holds eight other \"firsts\" in Formula One racing. After spending the entire season with Scuderia Toro Rosso, he started his campaign with the Italian team, before being promoted into Red Bull Racing mid-season as a replacement for Daniil Kvyat. He won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix in his debut race for Red", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17822330", "score": "0.98378456", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2016 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2016 Australian Grand Prix The 2016 Australian Grand Prix (formally known as the 2016 Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 20 March 2016 in Melbourne. The race was contested over fifty-seven laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2016 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race marked the eightieth race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix—which dates back to the 100 Miles Road Race of 1928—and the twenty-first time the event was held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit. Mercedes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19127546", "score": "0.9833275", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2016 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "a teenager - and a sulky one at that\". He later apologised to his team for his outbursts. 2016 Australian Grand Prix The 2016 Australian Grand Prix (formally known as the 2016 Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 20 March 2016 in Melbourne. The race was contested over fifty-seven laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2016 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race marked the eightieth race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix—which dates back to the 100 Miles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19127577", "score": "0.9826283", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Motorsport in Australia", "text": "manufacture and name when he won his final championship in driving the Repco V8 powered Brabham BT19 and BT20; and Alan Jones, who won in , giving Williams its first Drivers' and Constructors championships. As of , Daniel Ricciardo (Red Bull Racing) is the only Australian driver in Formula One. Of the 13 Australians who have driven in Formula One, only Brabham (14), Jones (12), Webber (9) and Ricciardo () have won a Formula One Grand Prix. Australian Formula 3 has been the name applied to two distinctly different motor racing categories, separated by over twenty years. The original Australian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10321580", "score": "0.9796415", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2014 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "lap three. Rosberg dominantly won the race by almost twenty-five seconds, picking up his fourth career win, and his first since the previous year's British Grand Prix. Daniel Ricciardo snatched second in front of his home crowd, making him the first Australian Formula One driver to finish on the podium in his home race as a world championship round. John Smith finished on the podium in 1983, but at the time, it was not yet an official Formula One world championship round. Kevin Magnussen finished third, two seconds behind Ricciardo. This made him the first Formula One debutant since Lewis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17167675", "score": "0.97772145", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2007 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2007 Australian Grand Prix The 2007 Australian Grand Prix (formally the LXXII ING Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 18 March 2007 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit, Melbourne, Australia. It was the first race of the 2007 Formula One season. The 58 lap race was won by Kimi Räikkönen for the Ferrari team after starting from pole position. Fernando Alonso finished second in a McLaren car, with teammate Lewis Hamilton third in the other McLaren on his Grand Prix debut. Räikkönen started the race alongside Alonso, but in the start Alonso was passed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9633968", "score": "0.97730035", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "1986 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "1986 Australian Grand Prix The 1986 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 26 October 1986 at the Adelaide Street Circuit, Adelaide, Australia. It was the last of 16 races in the 1986 Formula One season, and decided a three-way tussle for the Drivers' Championship. The drivers in contention for the title were; Nigel Mansell, Nelson Piquet, both of whom were racing for the Williams-Honda team, and McLaren's Alain Prost. Mansell took pole position for the race, but a poor start off the grid enabled teammate Piquet, Ayrton Senna and Keke Rosberg to overtake him and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4003066", "score": "0.9771835", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2014 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2014 Australian Grand Prix The 2014 Australian Grand Prix (formally known as the 2014 Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 16 March 2014 in Melbourne. The race was contested over 58 laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2014 FIA Formula One World Championship. It marked the début of new Formula One regulations which introduced 1.6 litre turbocharged V6 engines to the sport; the first such instance, since the 1988 Australian Grand Prix, that turbocharged engines have been used in Formula One. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17167664", "score": "0.97548807", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2015 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "2015 Australian Grand Prix The 2015 Australian Grand Prix, formally titled the 2015 Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 15 March 2015 in Melbourne. The race was contested over fifty-eight laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the FIA Formula One World Championship. The race marked the 80th race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix—which dates back to the 100 Miles Road Race of 1928—and the twentieth time the event was held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit. Mercedes driver Nico", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17912947", "score": "0.9739038", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1991 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "1991 Australian Grand Prix The 1991 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 November 1991 at the Adelaide Street Circuit. It was the 16th and final race of the 1991 Formula One World Championship. Torrential rain resulted in the race being stopped after 16 of the scheduled 81 laps had been completed. Confusion caused the official results to be declared from the end of the 14th lap. It holds the record for being the shortest Formula One World Championship race ever held. The race was won by Ayrton Senna, with Nigel Mansell in second position,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4003781", "score": "0.9725495", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2014 Australian Grand Prix", "text": "well for his involvement in the first-lap collision with Felipe Massa and Kimi Räikkönen. The stewards decided not to take any further action against the Japanese driver after they determined the accident was triggered by a mechanical failure on Kobayashi's Caterham. Notes: Notes: 2014 Australian Grand Prix The 2014 Australian Grand Prix (formally known as the 2014 Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 16 March 2014 in Melbourne. The race was contested over 58 laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2014 FIA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17167679", "score": "0.9715683", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "February 27, 2007" ]

[ { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Hong Kong game show)", "text": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Hong Kong game show) The Hong Kong version of Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Traditional Chinese: 係咪小兒科, literally translated \"is it child's play?\") was produced by TVB from 2008 to 2009. This show was based on the American show of the same name. It is hosted by Leo Ku and narrated by . The first season started on October 25, 2008 and ended on April 25, 2009. The second season aired between October 5, 2009 and November 16, 2009. The format is based on the original 2007-09 United States version (not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13488260", "score": "0.9902374", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show)", "text": "announced that a third season of \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?\" would be produced and aired in 2009. The first episode screened on Monday 27 July 2009. In each game, the contestant is asked a series of eleven questions taken from textbooks from first through fifth grade curricula. Each contestant is given ten subjects to choose from (such as Spelling, Maths or Social Studies), each of which is associated with a grade level; there are two questions per grade, from first to fifth. In 2008, this changed to one 1st & 2nd grade question, two 3rd grade questions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10807365", "score": "0.98342", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show)", "text": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show) The Chinese version of Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? began in 2007 as the project of at least six television stations: Hunan Economic TV Station, China Central Television, Shenzhen TV, Tianjin Television, China Shaanxi TV Station and Guangdong TV. 5th Grade Rescue Team (Simplified Chinese: 五年级救助队) is produced by Hunan Economic TV Station for 7 consecutive days during the \"Golden Week\" started from the Labour Day in 2007. The host was Wang Han (). The tagline of the show is \"谁比5年级学生更聪明\" (who is smarter than a 5th grader?).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13507052", "score": "0.949319", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show)", "text": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show) Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is an Australian quiz show (based on the American show of the same name) produced by Roving Enterprises that debuted on Network Ten on 26 September 2007. It is hosted by popular TV personality Rove McManus. Filming for the show commenced on 11 September 2007 at Global Television Studios in Forest Hill. McManus inspected the United States production (in its second series at the time) of the show while in the United States of America hosting his show \"Rove\". The children for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10807362", "score": "0.9427308", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)", "text": "began on September 6, 2007, and aired in the same timeslot. Following the end of the original run of the primetime version on September 18, 2009, a first-run syndicated version of the show ran from September 2009 to May 2011, with Foxworthy returning as host. On May 26, 2015, the program returned to Fox for a new, sixth season, with Foxworthy, again, returning as host. The show also airs internationally, and the format has been picked up for local versions in a number of other countries. \"5th Grader\" games are played by a single contestant, who attempts to answer ten", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9408092", "score": "0.940513", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show)", "text": "five cast members (who are fifth grade students), in answering the questions. Notably, upon getting an answer incorrect or deciding to end the game, the contestant must profess to the camera \"My name is [contestants name] and I am not smarter than a fifth grader.\". A second season of the show commenced in late 2008. Five new students feature due to the five original students being no longer able to feature because they had advanced to grade six. An additional change will be the addition of celebrity contestants playing for charity alongside regular contestants. On 10 November 2008, it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10807364", "score": "0.9321399", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)", "text": "to a higher-grade question before attempting at least one question from each lower grade. David Hinckley of the \"New York Daily News\" gave the revival series' cast a positive review, calling the classmates \"terrific... smart, outgoing and funny,\" while arguing that Foxworthy \"understands how much to showcase them.\" The first season of the original series averaged 11.5 million viewers. The 2015 revival premiered on May 26, 2015 to 3.31 million viewers, scoring a 0.8/3 rating/share among adults 18–49. Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show) Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is an American quiz game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9408109", "score": "0.92545223", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", "text": "October 26, 2009 for Nintendo DS, Wii and Xbox 360. Capcom Mobile released a game based on the game show for iOS devices called \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader 2010\" in 2009. In 2012, Ludia released a free game based on the game show called \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? & Friends\" for iOS devices. In 2015, GameMill Entertainment released a game based on the 2015 FOX Primetime revival for the Nintendo 3DS. Parker Brothers released a DVD game based on the show. Unlike the show, the player can only pick one classmate for the whole", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10862596", "score": "0.9134757", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show)", "text": "2007 series were all students who were currently enrolled in grade five and were aged 10 or 11. They had to compete against many other fifth graders to win the roles. \"5th Grader\" games are played by a single contestant, who attempts to answer ten questions (plus a final bonus question). Content is taken from primary school textbooks, two from each grade level from first to fifth. Each correct answer increases the amount of money the player banks; a maximum cash prize of A$500,000 can be won. Along the way, the player can be assisted by a \"classmate\", one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10807363", "score": "0.9105593", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)", "text": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is an American quiz game show on Fox. It is produced by Mark Burnett and is hosted by Jeff Foxworthy. The show premiered as a three-day special which began on February 27, 2007 with the first two shows each a half-hour in length. Regular one-hour episodes began airing Thursdays from March 1 through May 10, and the first season continued with new episodes beginning May 31. Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? was picked up for the 2007–08 season, which began on September 6, 2007, and aired in the same timeslot. Following", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader?", "text": "game show history. The show, which was filmed at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto, Ontario, challenged contestants to prove that they are smarter than a Canadian fifth grader by answering a series of questions on material from elementary school textbooks. In addition to the subjects present in the American edition (save for American history), the game included Canadian-specific content, such as questions about the French language, Canadian history, geography and culture. The set for the show was similar to the American version, but themed for Canada; for instance, the floor contained a large map of the country. The class", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10911127", "score": "0.9022437", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", "text": "adult has retained since graduating elementary school. The show also derives its humor by occasionally displaying the contestant's educational attainment, implying that in spite of that, they struggle to answer some questions. The contestant is presented and chooses from a set of ten subjects and grade level question topics. The question is then revealed. Some questions are multiple choice or true/false; others require the contestant to answer without any options. Each correct answer moves the contestant up a payout ladder, with a final bonus fifth grade question moving the contestant up one more step to the top prize of $1,000,000.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10862586", "score": "0.901995", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show)", "text": "island is Mawson Peak located?\". Brown didn't know the answer and was glad to have taken the money. The correct answer was Heard Island. Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show) Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? is an Australian quiz show (based on the American show of the same name) produced by Roving Enterprises that debuted on Network Ten on 26 September 2007. It is hosted by popular TV personality Rove McManus. Filming for the show commenced on 11 September 2007 at Global Television Studios in Forest Hill. McManus inspected the United States production (in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10807372", "score": "0.8936652", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show)", "text": "game in each episode. The families answer a question first, the family that gets it right will be the contestants for the 50,000 Renminbi prize. The contestant can use the three \"lifelines\" during the game: The third series called New 5th Grader: Asian Games Genius (Simplified Chinese: 五年级插班生之亚运至叻星) started on May 1, 2010 and He Haopeng is back as the host. The three \"cheats\" are \"中场休息\" (peek), \"技术支援\" (copy) and \"亲友啦啦队\" (Phone a Friend). Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show) The Chinese version of Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? began in 2007 as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13507060", "score": "0.8924869", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show)", "text": "families are excited throughout the summer\") and ended on September 27, 2008. Lucky 52 (Simplified Chinese: ) is a variety show of CCTV-2, hosted by Li Yong. The format of \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?\" was adapted for the episodes from June 1, 2007 to February 17, 2008. See Lucky Classroom. Who's Smarter (Simplified Chinese: 谁比谁聪明) is produced by Shenzhen TV and hosted by Liu Mingming (刘茗茗). The top prize is 20,000 Renminbi (about US$2,900). The \"cheats\" are \"参考\" (peek) and \"照搬\" (copy). The contestant can also phone a friend for help. After the contestant answers the fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13507055", "score": "0.8922568", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", "text": "However, if the million dollar question is answered correctly (which has only happened twice), the contestant has the opportunity to claim, \"I am smarter than a fifth grader.\" The show has spawned many versions around the world: On October 20, 2008, developer THQ released the first video game, titled \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?: Make the Grade\", for the PC, PS2, Nintendo DS, Wii, and Xbox Live Arcade. The Xbox Live Arcade version as of mid-2010 was delisted from the Xbox Live Game Marketplace. A sequel \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? Game Time\" was released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10862595", "score": "0.886173", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)", "text": "2009. This version features a top prize of $250,000 and a tweaked format between the prime time version and the daytime version. On March 24, 2011, the show was canceled along with \"Don't Forget the Lyrics!\" due to low ratings. Reruns continued on several cable outlets for a year afterward; as of 2018, the reruns air on Light TV. On the syndicated version, each class had three kids in each episode, but there were nine kids who traded off with one another throughout both seasons. The class is as follows: The game play for this version of \"5th Grader\" is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9408105", "score": "0.88407195", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", "text": "season of this TV program ranked 28th in the Nielsen ratings in the U.S., with an average of 12.7 million viewers per episode. The status of the Fox-TV series following the summer of 2008 was unknown, but the syndicated TV show debuted in late September 2009. Episodes from this series were also broadcast on MyNetworkTV one evening per week, and on the Country Music Television (CMT) channel it was broadcast on five evenings per week. GSN began airing the show November 6, 2011 in five-hour blocks starting at 7:00 p.m. Eastern/6:00 p.m. They currently air \"Are You Smarter than a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10862584", "score": "0.8835195", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)", "text": "for the U.S. state of Georgia; and George Smoot, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. In November 2006 it was pitched as \"Do You Remember Grade School?\" by Burnett and Zoo Productions to network executives in the form of a six-question quiz; the only network president who was able to win on the quiz was Fox's Peter Liguori. On January 31, 2007, Fox announced that they had picked up the show for an initial six-episode run, and on February 9 Foxworthy was announced as host. Less than eight weeks after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9408094", "score": "0.8831805", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)", "text": "cast of children. Prior to the show, the children are provided with workbooks which contain a variety of material, some of which could be used in the questions asked in the game. The player chooses one to be their \"classmate\", who stands at the adjacent podium and is called upon for assistance in choosing a subject; the other four sit at desks off to the side. Each child acts as the classmate for two consecutive questions, after which another child is picked from those who have not yet played in that game. Contestants have three forms of answer-assistance options (two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9408098", "score": "0.87999153", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Hong Kong game show)", "text": "the game, \"Flunk out\" means the contestant answers the question incorrectly. Since the \"classmates\" of every episode almost got all the questions correctly, many audience thought that they memorized all the answers already before the recording of the show. Some audience may even think that the actual purpose of the show is to bring out the message that children are smarter than adults. Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Hong Kong game show) The Hong Kong version of Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Traditional Chinese: 係咪小兒科, literally translated \"is it child's play?\") was produced by TVB from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13488262", "score": "0.87976956", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (U.S. game show)", "text": "that the revival was the result of a conversation he had over dinner with Mark Burnett the previous year, in which he considered \"5th Grader\" to be his favorite television role. When Fox approached him later in 2014 about reviving the series, he accepted the role with little hesitation. In each game, the contestant (an adult) is asked a series of eleven questions, spanning ten subjects (such as Animal Science, Spelling or Math) taken from textbooks for first through fifth grade students. Each question is associated with a grade level; there are two questions per grade, from first to fifth.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9408096", "score": "0.87782204", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", "text": "the \"cheats.\" It does, however, give a misleading impression of the knowledge level of actual fifth-graders, since the classmates on the show rarely miss the questions, having been given study material in advance. In fact, the show's title is something of a misnomer, since contestants do not actually compete against the classmates, and the classmates' performance on the show is enhanced by study materials, although they still occasionally miss a question. Upon leaving the game either by quitting (\"DROP OUT\"), or answering incorrectly (\"FLUNK OUT\"), the contestant must profess to the camera, \"I am not smarter than a fifth grader.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10862594", "score": "0.87744", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Australian game show)", "text": "and three 4th and 5th grade questions. Contestants can answer the questions in any order, and each correct answer raises their cumulative amount of winnings to the next level (see table at right); after a contestant answers the fifth question correctly, they are guaranteed to leave the game with at least $25,000/$30,000. If a contestant correctly answers the first ten questions, they are given the opportunity to answer a fifth-grade bonus question worth $500,000. Five fifth grade students appear on each show and play along on stage – each episode in a season has the same cast of children. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10807366", "score": "0.87665105", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?", "text": "5th Grader\"? Sunday nights. In 2013, the show appeared in \"TV Guide\"s list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. Each game is played by a single contestant who earns money incrementally based on a payout ladder by answering simple trivia questions, with the game themed as a school quiz. The game relies on the premise that an adult would not know the information generally taught in elementary grade school, because it is rarely used in adult life by the type of person chosen to be a contestant. Therefore, the show is essentially a test to see how much an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10862585", "score": "0.8756473", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader?", "text": "Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader? Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader? is a Canadian English television game show, which began airing on October 25, 2007 on Global. The show, based on the U.S. game show \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?\", was hosted by Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie. Five episodes were produced, and aired Thursdays at 9 p.m. ET. Contestants included a lawyer, a professor, a nuclear engineer amongst others. A veterinarian, Andrew Oster, from Midland, Ontario was the show's biggest winner garnering $300,000 (CDN), tax-free; his prize was the highest sum in Canadian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10911126", "score": "0.8746651", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader?", "text": "variations in the Canadian version, however: Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader? Are You Smarter than a Canadian 5th Grader? is a Canadian English television game show, which began airing on October 25, 2007 on Global. The show, based on the U.S. game show \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?\", was hosted by Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie. Five episodes were produced, and aired Thursdays at 9 p.m. ET. Contestants included a lawyer, a professor, a nuclear engineer amongst others. A veterinarian, Andrew Oster, from Midland, Ontario was the show's biggest winner garnering $300,000 (CDN), tax-free; his prize", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10911130", "score": "0.8685599", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show)", "text": "12 students get it right. The \"fund of love\" will be doubled if all 5 questions are answered correctly. Are You Smarter than a Primary Student? (Simplified Chinese: 不考不知道) is produced by China Shaanxi TV Station and hosted by Xu Rui (徐睿). The question values are in experience points, the more points the contestant gets, the more valuable prize he/she wins. The prize for the contestant who gets the maximum 100,000 points is a car manufactured by Chang'an Motors. There are three \"cards\" for the contestant to get help from the primary school students: \"瞄瞄卡\" (peek), \"换换卡\" (copy) and \"救救卡\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13507058", "score": "0.86614215", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show)", "text": "answer a question, the family that gets it right by using the least time will be the contestants for the 100,000 Renminbi prize. Then the contestant family answers 11 question with the same values as \"5th Grade Rescue Team\" (see the table below). The other families also need to answer the questions since the family that get the most questions right will be the next contestants. The contestant family can get help from the other families or change the question by using different \"lifelines\". On July 12, 2008, HNETV produced the show's summer special, called 智慧家庭HIGH一夏 (roughly translated as \"intelligent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13507054", "score": "0.86263674", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Chinese game show)", "text": "question correctly, he/she can get a certificate for his/her good performance. Can You Graduate? (Simplified Chinese: 你能毕业吗?) is produced by Tianjin Television and hosted by Duan Lei (段雷) and Jia Ning (贾宁). The top prize is 10,000 Renminbi (about US$1,460). The contestant can win 5,000 Renminbi if he/she answers all 12 questions correctly, these questions consist of 6 primary school level, 3 junior secondary school level and 3 senior secondary school level questions. An extra 5,000 Renminbi prize will be awarded if he/she get the bonus question right. The contestant can get help from 7 helpers consist of 3 primary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13507056", "score": "0.8611815", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Hanno the Great", "Xanthippus", "Hasdrubal the Fair", "Hamilcar Barca" ]

[ { "title": "Autaritus", "text": "Autaritus Autaritus (died 238 BCE) was a leader of Gallic mercenaries in the Carthaginian army during the First Punic War. With his men Autaritus fought in 262 BCE at the Battle of Agrigentum and remained loyal to Carthage when his countrymen defected \"en masse\" to the Romans. After his return to Africa he was one of the leaders of the mercenaries rebelling against Carthage in the Mercenary War of 240. With Autaritus' gifts as an orator, and his passable command of Phoenician, he incited his men to particular savagery, and was the instigator of the massacre of the Carthaginian commander", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12904294", "score": "1.004066", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Hanno, Messana garrison commander", "text": "Hanno, Messana garrison commander Hanno (, ) was a Carthaginian general prominent in the events leading to the start of the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC). In 265 BC the Mamertines who were occupying Messana were being threatened by Hiero II of Syracuse. Consequently, they sent appeals for assistance to Rome and Carthage. The Carthaginians were first to respond dispatching a small force commanded by Hanno to occupy the citadel of Messana and patrol the strait of Messina. The Roman consul Appius Claudius Caudex desiring personal glory persuaded the Roman People with promises of profit to vote in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13069487", "score": "0.9819707", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of Carthage", "text": "In retaliation for Greek raids on Punic Sicilian possessions in 406 BC, Hannibal Mago led a second Carthaginian expedition, perhaps aiming to subjugate all Sicily. Carthaginians first moved against Akragas, during the siege of which the Carthaginian forces were ravaged by plague, Hannibal Mago himself succumbing to it. His kinsman and successor, Himilco (the son of Hanno), successfully captured Akragas, then captured the cities of Gela and Camarina while repeatedly defeating the army of Dionysius, the new tyrant of Syracuse, in battle. Himilco ultimately concluded a treaty with Dionysius (an outbreak of plague may have caused this), which allowed the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10177762", "score": "0.973994", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Hanno, Messana garrison commander", "text": "in leaving the citadel of Messana. Hanno, Messana garrison commander Hanno (, ) was a Carthaginian general prominent in the events leading to the start of the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC). In 265 BC the Mamertines who were occupying Messana were being threatened by Hiero II of Syracuse. Consequently, they sent appeals for assistance to Rome and Carthage. The Carthaginians were first to respond dispatching a small force commanded by Hanno to occupy the citadel of Messana and patrol the strait of Messina. The Roman consul Appius Claudius Caudex desiring personal glory persuaded the Roman People with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13069490", "score": "0.97177505", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Masinissa", "text": "Masinissa Masinissa, or Masensen, (Berber: Masensen, ⵎⵙⵏⵙⵏ; \"c.\"238 BC – 148 BC)—also spelled Massinissa and Massena—was the first King of Numidia. During his younger years, before he was king, he fought in the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), first against the Romans as an ally of Carthage and later switching sides (206 BC). With Roman support, he united the eastern and western Numidian tribes and founded the Kingdom of Numidia. He is well-known for his role as a Roman ally in the Battle of Zama (202 BC) and as husband of Sophonisba, a Carthaginian noblewoman whom he allowed to poison", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1378358", "score": "0.9657931", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Hannibal Gisco", "text": "Hannibal Gisco Hannibal Gisco (, ; –258BC) was a Carthaginian military commander in charge of both land armies and naval fleets during the First Punic War against Rome. His efforts proved ultimately unsuccessful and his eventual defeat in battle led to his downfall and execution. The details of Hannibal Gisco's early life and career are unknown. Hannibal Gisco's first appearance in the sources is in 262 BC, as the general in command of the garrison besieged by the Romans in Agrigentum. Despite the tenacity shown by Gisco and his men for months and the arrival of reinforcements led by Hanno,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637882", "score": "0.96195287", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Berber kings of Roman-era Tunisia", "text": "unaided and riding bareback. But he had other outstanding qualities besides physical vigour. Fearless and unscrupulous, diplomatic and masterful, he conceived the tremendous ideal of welding the native tribes of North Africa into a nation. He successfully developed agriculture and commerce, and encouraged the spread of Punic civilization. His fame soon exceeded the confines of Africa; he cultivated relations with the Greek world, and at Delos at least three statues were erected in his honour. Throughout he remained a faithful ally of Rome...\" The isle of Delos was long famous as a cultural center of Ancient Greece, where its deities", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15366814", "score": "0.96083164", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Thysdrus", "text": "Thysdrus Thysdrus was a Carthaginian town and Roman colony near present-day El Djem, Tunisia. Under the Romans, it was the center of olive oil production in the provinces of Africa and Byzacena and was quite prosperous. The surviving amphitheater is a World Heritage Site. The Punic name of the town was (). The Latin name \" has Berber roots. Thysdrus began as a small Carthaginian and Berber village. Following the Punic Wars, it was refounded as a Roman town and probably received some of Julius Caesar's veterans as settlers in 45BC. Punic culture remained long predominant, with the city minting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3763650", "score": "0.9582466", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Bomilcar (4th century BC)", "text": "Bomilcar (4th century BC) Bomilcar (, ) was a Carthaginian commander in the war against Agathocles, who invaded Africa in 310. In the first battle with the invaders, his colleague Hanno was killed and, according to Diodorus, Bomilcar permitted the enemy to succeed on the field with the hope that his frightened countrymen would permit him to become tyrant of Carthage. In 308, after many delays and misgivings, he attempted to seize the government with the aid of 500 citizens and a number of mercenaries but his followers were induced to desert him by promises of pardon. He himself was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11155735", "score": "0.9572117", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "First Punic War", "text": "(or Clupea) was the first fighting on African land during the war. Regulus was next victorious at the Battle of Adys, forcing Carthage to sue for peace. According to Polybius, the terms suggested were so heavy that Carthage decided they would be better off not under Roman rule. The negotiations failed but fortunately, for the Carthaginians, Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary, returned to Carthage to reorganise its army. Xanthippus defeated the Roman army and captured Regulus at the Battle of Tunis, and then managed to cut off what remained of the Roman army from its base by re-establishing Carthaginian naval supremacy.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Hamilcar (Drepanum)", "text": "Hamilcar (Drepanum) Hamilcar (, ) was a general who succeeded to the command of the Carthaginians in the First Punic War. He defeated Rome's allies at the Battle of Thermae in 259 BC and killed 4,000–6,000 of them with the help of surprise and good use of military intelligence. He then captured the towns of Enna and Camarina that same year with traitors. He was defeated at the Battle of Tyndaris in 257 BC, losing 18 ships and sinking 9 Roman ships. He failed to prevent the Roman landing in Africa, being defeated at the Ecnomus in 256 BC, one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7338780", "score": "0.95496637", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Himilco (general)", "text": "Himilco (general) Himilco (died 396 BC) was a member of the Magonids, a Carthaginian family of hereditary generals, and had command over the Carthaginian forces between 406 BC and 397 BC. He is chiefly known for his war in Sicily against Dionysius I of Syracuse. Between 550 BC and 375 BC, the Magonid Family of Carthage played a central role in the political and military affairs of the Carthaginian Empire. Himilco came to prominence after being selected as deputy to his cousin Hannibal Mago in 406 BC for the Carthaginian expedition to Sicily. He took command of the expedition after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13912251", "score": "0.9537407", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "First Punic War", "text": "independent of Rome and Carthage. Hostilities of the First Punic War began with developments involving the Romans, Carthaginians, and Greek colonists in Sicily and southern Italy. In 288 BC, the Mamertines, a group of Italian (Campanian) mercenaries originally hired by Agathocles of Syracuse, occupied the city of Messana (modern Messina) in the north-eastern tip of Sicily, killing all the men and taking the women as their wives. At the same time, a group of Roman troops made up of Campanian \"citizens without the vote\" revolted and seized control of Rhegium, lying across the Straits of Messina on the mainland of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "146193", "score": "0.9528893", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Berber kings of Roman-era Tunisia", "text": "of the Second Punic War (218–201). There, he met discreetly with the Roman general Scipio and eventually sided with Rome. On the death of his father, King Gala [Gaia], Masinissa sailed home to Massyli, where he fought for the throne against usurpers. A neighboring Berber king Syphax invaded the kingdom, but Masinissa escaped to continue his struggle from the outlying farmlands and mountains. When Scipio's armies later landed in Africa, Masinissa and his cavalry joined them. At the Battle of Zama in 202, Masinissa led Numidian and Italian cavalry on the right wing of the Roman forces. During the battle,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15366804", "score": "0.9499442", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hanno, son of Hannibal", "text": "Hanno, son of Hannibal Hanno (, ), distinguished as the son of Hannibal, was a Carthaginian general during the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC). Before the Battle of Agrigentum, Hannibal Gisco was in the city of Agrigentum, besieged by the Romans, and Hanno was sent to provide relief. Hanno concentrated his troops at Heraclea Minoa and captured the Roman supply base at Herbesos. He told his Numidian cavalry to attack the Roman cavalry and then feign retreat. The Romans pursued the Numidians as they retreated and were brought to the main Carthaginian column where they suffered many losses.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13020600", "score": "0.94885445", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)", "text": "Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC) The Battle of Carthage was the main engagement of the Third Punic War between the Punic city of Carthage in Africa and the Roman Republic. It was a siege operation, starting sometime in 149 or 148 BC, and ending in spring 146 BC with the sack and complete destruction of the city of Carthage. After a Roman army under Manius Manilius landed in Africa in 149 BC, Carthage surrendered and handed over hostages and arms. The Romans demanded the complete surrender of the city and surprisingly to the Romans, the city refused, the faction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1926118", "score": "0.9477806", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Dido", "text": "Dido Dido ( ; , ) was, according to ancient Greek and Roman sources, the founder and first queen of Carthage. She is primarily known from the account given by the Roman poet Virgil in his epic, \"Aeneid\". In some sources she is also known as Elissa ( , ). Many names in the legend of Dido are of Punic origin, which suggests that the first Greek authors who mention this story have taken up Phoenician accounts. One suggestion is that \"Dido\" is an epithet from the same Semitic root as \"David\", which means \"Beloved\". Others state Didô means \"the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "864619", "score": "0.9450896", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bomilcar (3rd century BC)", "text": "Bomilcar (3rd century BC) Bomilcar (, ) was a Carthaginian commander in the Second Punic War (218–201). He was the commander of the Carthaginian supplies which were voted to Hannibal after the Battle of Cannae (216) and with which he arrived in Italy in the ensuing year. They amounted to 4,000 Numidian cavalry, 40 war elephants, 500 or 1,000 talents of silver, grain, and other provisions. In 214, he was sent with 55 ships to the aid of Syracuse, then besieged by the Romans. Finding himself unable to cope with the superior fleet of the enemy, he withdrew to North", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11155732", "score": "0.9427652", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Hanno, son of Bomilcar", "text": "Hanno, son of Bomilcar Hanno (, ), distinguished as the son of the suffet Bomilcar, was a Carthaginian officer in the Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC). He was a nephew of Hannibal Barca, Carthage's leading general. Hanno's mother was one of Hannibal's three elder sisters. When Hannibal's army reached the Western bank of the Rhône River, they began preparations to cross. A group of Gauls gathered on the Eastern bank, intent on preventing the army from crossing. Hanno led a small group north, which crossed in small rafts they built. Once across, they headed south toward the Gauls.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8644199", "score": "0.94076073", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Primian of Carthage", "text": "Primian of Carthage Primian (Primianus) was an early Christian Bishop of Carthage, and leader of the Donatist movement in Roman North Africa. Seen as a moderate by some in his faction, he was a controversial figure in a time of fragmentation of the Donatists, a reactionary branch of Christianity. He was the Bishop of Carthage, and hence the leader of the Donatist movement in Roman North Africa. He had succeeded Parmenian as bishop in about 391, winning a tightly-fought election for the role. His rival, Maximian, a relative of the founder of their movement, saw him as a lax and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19961321", "score": "0.9404378", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Carthage the Elder", "text": "Carthage the Elder Saint Carthage the Elder (or Carthach) was an Irish bishop and abbot in the sixth century. His feast day is March 5. The saint is mainly known as a disciple and successor of Ciaran of Saighir (\"the Elder\") and the tutor and fosterer of his greater namesake, Saint Carthage of Lismore (also known as Saint Mochuda). Carthage was of the Eóganacht Chaisil and son, or, more probably, grandson of Óengus mac Nad Froích whom Saint Patrick baptized. He was punished by St. Ciaran the Elder with penance for a sin of the flesh committed in his younger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4735593", "score": "0.93722993", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Marcus Claudius Marcellus", "text": "Marcus Claudius Marcellus Marcus Claudius Marcellus (; c. 268 – 208 BC), five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic, was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the Second Punic War. Marcellus gained the most prestigious award a Roman general could earn, the \"spolia opima\", for killing the Gallic military leader and king Viridomarus in hand-to-hand combat in 222 BC at the Battle of Clastidium. Furthermore, he is noted for having conquered the fortified city of Syracuse in a protracted siege during which Archimedes, the famous mathematician, scientist and inventor, was killed.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "970039", "score": "0.9352282", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hanno the Great", "text": "the Berber mercenaries who had been promised money and rewards by Hamilcar. The mercenaries revolted, and Hanno took control of the Carthaginian army to attempt to defeat them. His attempt failed and he gave control of the army back to Hamilcar. Eventually, they both cooperated to crush the rebels in 238 BC. His nickname \"the Great\" was apparently earned because of his conquests among the African enemies of Carthage, and he continued to oppose war with Rome, which would necessarily involve naval engagements. During the Second Punic War, he led the anti-war faction in Carthage, and is blamed for preventing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2572421", "score": "0.9342419", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Masinissa", "text": "Gaia of a Numidian tribal group, the Massylii. He was brought up in Carthage, an ally of his father. At the start of the Second Punic War, Masinissa fought for Carthage against Syphax, the king of the Masaesyli of western Numidia (present day Algeria), who had allied himself with the Romans. Masinissa, then about 17 years old, led an army of Numidian troops and Carthaginian auxiliaries against Syphax's army and won a decisive victory (215-212 BC). He was betrothed to the daughter of the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal Gisgo. After his victory over Syphax, Masinissa commanded his skilled Numidian cavalry against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1378361", "score": "0.9316957", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Quintus Minucius Thermus", "text": "Quintus Minucius Thermus Quintus Minucius Thermus (died 188 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 193 BC. In 202, Minucius Thermus may have been the military tribune named Thermus who served in Africa under Scipio Africanus. As a tribune of the \"plebs\" in 201, Thermus and his fellow tribune Manius Acilius Glabrio opposed the desire of Cornelius Lentulus to have Africa as his consular province. Thermus was also responsible for legislation confirming peace with Carthage after the Second Punic War. His actions may reflect on the earlier connection with Scipio, whose \"imperium\" in Africa was extended into 201", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13746512", "score": "0.9312037", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "First Punic War", "text": "First Punic War The First Punic War (264 to 241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic, the two great powers of the Western Mediterranean. For 23 years, in the longest continuous conflict and greatest naval war of antiquity, the two powers struggled for supremacy, primarily on the Mediterranean island of Sicily and its surrounding waters, and also in North Africa. The war began in 264 BC with the Roman conquest of the Carthaginian-controlled city of Messina in Sicily, granting Rome a military foothold on the island. The Romans built up a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "146186", "score": "0.9308009", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Primian of Carthage", "text": "opponents. He also attended the Council of Carthage (411), where he made comment condemning the actions of Cyprian, the Donatist bishop of Tubursica, for immorality. Primian of Carthage Primian (Primianus) was an early Christian Bishop of Carthage, and leader of the Donatist movement in Roman North Africa. Seen as a moderate by some in his faction, he was a controversial figure in a time of fragmentation of the Donatists, a reactionary branch of Christianity. He was the Bishop of Carthage, and hence the leader of the Donatist movement in Roman North Africa. He had succeeded Parmenian as bishop in about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19961323", "score": "0.9264015", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Hannibal Mago", "text": "Himera 70 years before. In 406 BC Hannibal Mago died in a plague that broke out during the siege of Agrigento. This person should not be confused with the much more famous Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca who led the Carthaginian forces during the Second Punic War about two centuries later. Hannibal Mago Hannibal Mago (, ) was a grandson of Hamilcar Mago. He predates the more famous Carthaginian general Hannibal by about 200 years. He was shofet (judge) of Carthage in 410 BC and in 409 BC commanded a Carthaginian army sent to Sicily in response to a request from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9522356", "score": "0.92397535", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Hanno, son of Hannibal", "text": "The siege lasted several months before the Romans defeated the Carthaginians and forced Hanno to retreat. Hanno, son of Hannibal Hanno (, ), distinguished as the son of Hannibal, was a Carthaginian general during the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC). Before the Battle of Agrigentum, Hannibal Gisco was in the city of Agrigentum, besieged by the Romans, and Hanno was sent to provide relief. Hanno concentrated his troops at Heraclea Minoa and captured the Roman supply base at Herbesos. He told his Numidian cavalry to attack the Roman cavalry and then feign retreat. The Romans pursued the Numidians", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13020601", "score": "0.92240775", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Third Punic War", "text": "Third Punic War The Third Punic War (Latin: \"Tertium Bellum Punicum\") (149–146 BC) was the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage and the Roman Republic. The Punic Wars were named because of the Roman name for Carthaginians: \"Punici\", or \"Poenici\". This war was a much smaller engagement than the two previous Punic Wars and focused on Tunisia, mainly on the Siege of Carthage, which resulted in the complete destruction of the city, the annexation of all remaining Carthaginian territory by Rome, and the death or enslavement of the entire Carthaginian population.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "678939", "score": "0.9214436", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "native to Asia", "Asia" ]

[ { "title": "Bank myna", "text": "The sexes are indistinguishable in the field. Young birds have a browner head and neck. The species is evolutionarily closest to the common myna. The native range of the bank myna is almost restricted to the Indian subcontinent from the Indus valley in the West, to the Gangetic delta in the East and south of the lower foothills of the Himalayas, only rarely being found in sheltered valleys. They are found mainly in the vicinity of open water and their usual habitat is cultivated farmland and open country but flocks will often live within cities, in markets and railway stations.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10100580", "score": "1.1238412", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "a larger yellow cheek-patch. The common myna is readily identified by the brown body, black hooded head and the bare yellow patch behind the eye. The bill and legs are bright yellow. There is a white patch on the outer primaries and the wing lining on the underside is white. The sexes are similar and birds are usually seen in pairs. The common myna obeys Gloger's rule in that the birds from northwest India tend to be paler than their darker counterparts in South India. The calls includes croaks, squawks, chirps, clicks, whistles and 'growls', and the bird often fluffs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2683501", "score": "1.1075175", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Bank myna", "text": "the name given by Latham from a description by Pierre Sonnerat who described \"Le petit Martin de Gingi\" in 1782, referring to Gingee near Pondicherry in southern India. Thomas C. Jerdon noted in 1863 that the species did not occur in southern India however the species was recorded in the region in 1914 at Vandalur near Madras. Records from further south in India are however increasing. Breeding colonies have been found in Assam. These mynas have been introduced into Kuwait, where they have established in the wild. Flocks have also been found in the Maldives, Taiwan and Japan. Bank mynas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10100582", "score": "1.105412", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "which was largely non-existent there by the 1890s. In contrast, the North Island population was able to breed more successfully and large portions of the North Island are now populated. However, in the southern reaches of the North Island, the cooler summer temperatures, like those of the South Island, have prevented the establishment of large Indian myna populations. In South Africa where it escaped into the wild in 1902, it has become very common and its distribution is greater where human populations are greater or where there is more human disturbance. The bird is also notorious for being a pest,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2683515", "score": "1.1032317", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "are regularly observed to usurp nests and hollows, destroy the eggs and kill the young of native bird species including seabirds and parrots. There is evidence that Mynas have killed small land mammals such as mice, squirrels and possums, but further research on these occurrences are under consideration. In Sanskrit literature, the common myna has a number of names, most are descriptive of the appearance or behaviour of the bird. In addition to \"saarika\", the names for the common myna include \"kalahapriya\", which means \"one who is fond of arguments\" referring to the quarrelsome nature of this bird; \"chitranetra\", meaning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2683522", "score": "1.0901713", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Common hill myna", "text": "authors favor treating the Southern hill myna (\"G. indica\") from the Nilgiris and elsewhere in the Western Ghats of India as a separate species. This is a stocky jet-black myna, with bright orange-yellow patches of naked skin and fleshy wattles on the side of its head and nape. At about 29 cm length, it is somewhat larger than the common myna (\"Acridotheres tristis\"). It is overall green-glossed black plumage, purple-tinged on the head and neck. Its large, white wing patches are obvious in flight, but mostly covered when the bird is sitting. The bill and strong legs are bright yellow,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3098105", "score": "1.079977", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Myna", "text": "captivity. \"Myna\" is derived from the Hindi language \"mainā\" which itself is derived from Sanskrit \"madanā\". Mynas are medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark, often brown, although some species have yellow head ornaments. Most species nest in holes. Some species have become well known for their imitative skills; the common hill myna is one of these. The following are species of mynas. The coleto and the two \"Saroglossa\" starlings are included because of their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1728270", "score": "1.0664432", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jungle myna", "text": "bill and legs are bright yellow, and there is no bare skin around eye as in the common myna and the bank myna. The base of the beak is dark in adults with a shade of blue at the base of the lower mandible. The southern Indian population has a blue iris. The northeast Indian populations have a smoky dark belly and vent. Juveniles are browner with a pale throat and along the median of the underside. Abnormal leucistic plumages have been recorded. The calls of the jungle myna are higher pitched than those of the common myna. Foraging flocks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3096049", "score": "1.0511179", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "mean warmest month temperature no less than 23.2 °C and mean coldest month temperature no less than -0.4 °C, implying that the common myna could potentially spread from Sydney northward along the eastern coast to Cairns and westward along the southern coast to Adelaide (though not to Tasmania, Darwin, or the arid interior regions). The Indian myna was introduced to both the North Island and South Island of New Zealand in the 1870s. However, the cooler summer temperatures in the South Island appear to have impeded the breeding success rate of the southern populations, preventing the proliferation of the species,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2683514", "score": "1.048608", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "The common myna/Indian mynah (Acridotheres tristis), sometimes spelled mynah, also sometimes known as \"Indian myna\", is a member of the family Sturnidae (starlings and mynas) native to Asia. An omnivorous open woodland bird with a strong territorial instinct, the myna has adapted extremely well to urban environments.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Jungle myna", "text": "also been introduced either intentionally or accidentally into many other parts of the world including Fiji, Taiwan, the Andaman Islands, and parts of Japan. The species has also spread out on its own to some islands in the Pacific. Jungle mynas are long and have grey plumage, darker on the head and wings. The sexes are indistinguishable in plumage. A large white wing patches on the base of the primaries becomes conspicuous in flight, and the tail feathers are broadly tipped in white. There is a tuft of feathers on the forehead arising at the base of the bill. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3096048", "score": "1.047148", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "in open woodland, cultivation and around habitation. Although this is an adaptable species, its population has been decreasing significantly in Singapore and Malaysia (where it is locally called as \"gembala kerbau\", literally 'buffalo shepherd') due to competition with its cousin, the introduced Javan myna. The common myna thrives in urban and suburban environments; in Canberra, for instance, 110 common mynas were released between 1968 and 1971. By 1991, common myna population density in Canberra averaged 15 birds per square kilometer. Only three years later, a second study found an average population density of 75 birds per square kilometer in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2683504", "score": "1.0198512", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Common hill myna", "text": "range. Elsewhere, such as on the Philippines and in Laos, the decline has been more localized. It is also becoming increasingly rare in regions of northeastern India due to capture of fledged birds for the illegal pet trade. In the Garo Hills region, however, the locals make artificial nests of a split-bamboo framework covered with grass, and put them up in accessible positions in tall trees in a forest clearing or at the edge of a small village to entice the mynas to breed there. The villagers are thus able to extract the young at the proper time for easy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3098114", "score": "1.0185077", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Jungle myna", "text": "Jungle myna The jungle myna (\"Acridotheres fuscus\") is a myna, a member of the starling family. It is found patchily distributed across much of the mainland of the Indian Subcontinent but absent in the arid zones of India. It is easily recognized by the tuft of feathers on its forehead that form a frontal crest, a feature also found in the closely related Javan myna and the pale-bellied myna which were treated as a subspecies in the past. The eyes are pale, yellow or blue depending on the population and the base of the orange-yellow bill is dark. It has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3096047", "score": "1.0175796", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Bank myna", "text": "from their habit of nesting almost exclusively in the earthen banks of rivers where they excavate holes and breed in large colonies. The head is black on the crown and sides and the upper plumage is slaty grey while the underside is lighter grey with pale pink plumage towards the centre of the abdomen. The wing is black but has a wing patch at the base of the primaries and the tips of the outer tail feathers are pale pinkish buff. The naked skin behind the eye is brick red, the legs are yellow while the iris is deep red.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10100579", "score": "1.0175687", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Brahminy starling", "text": "Brahminy starling The brahminy myna or brahminy starling (\"Sturnia pagodarum\") is a member of the starling family of birds. It is usually seen in pairs or small flocks in open habitats on the plains of the Indian subcontinent. This myna is pale buff creamy with a black cap and a loose crest. The bill is yellow with a bluish base. The iris is pale and there is a bluish patch of skin around the eye. The outer tail feathers have white and the black primaries of the wings do not have any white patches. The adult male has a more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3099037", "score": "1.0154334", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Pied myna", "text": "throat and breast are black while the cheek, lores, wing coverts and rump are contrastingly white. The sexes are similar in plumage but young birds have dark brown in place of black. The subspecies vary slightly in plumage, extent of streaking of the feathers and in measurements. The flight is slow and butterfly-like on round wings. Leucistic individuals have been recorded. The species is found mainly in the plains but in the foothills up to about 700m above sea level. They are found mainly in areas with access to open water. Their main distribution in India is in the Gangetic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6518492", "score": "1.0095515", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "same area. The bird likely owes its success in the urban and suburban settings of Sydney and Canberra to its evolutionary origins; having evolved in the open woodlands of India, the common myna is pre-adapted to habitats with tall vertical structures and little to no vegetative ground cover, features characteristic of city streets and urban nature preserves. The common myna (along with European starlings, house sparrows, and feral rock pigeons) is a nuisance to city buildings; its nests block gutters and drainpipes, causing water damage to building exteriors. Common mynas are believed to pair for life. They breed through much", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2683505", "score": "1.0066032", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Pied myna", "text": "The strong protractor muscles allow them to part a mat of grass and their eyes are positioned to obtain a binocular view of the space between the parted beak. They often feed in grazing land or among cattle. The breeding season in India is spread from March to September. With the onset of breeding, the sizes of flocks decline and birds pair up. Courtship involves calling, fluffing of the feathers and head bobbing. The nest is a loose mass of straw formed into a dome with an entrance on the side and placed in a large tree (often banyan, mango,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6518495", "score": "1.005969", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Common myna", "text": "Thailand, Indo-China and China. The myna has been introduced in many other parts of the world such as Canada, Australia, Israel, New Zealand, New Caledonia, United States, South Africa, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan and islands in the Indian Ocean (Seychelles, Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar, Maldives, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep archipelago) and also in islands of the Atlantic, such as Ascension and St Helena, and Pacific Oceans. The range of the common myna is increasing to the extent that in 2000 the IUCN Species Survival Commission declared it among the World's 100 worst invasive species. This abundant passerine is typically found", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2683503", "score": "1.0052319", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Pied myna", "text": "plains but extending south to the Krishna River. Their range is increasing, with populations establishing more recently in Pakistan, Rajkot, and Bombay (since 1953), possibly aided by trade in caged birds and accidental escape. Their westerward spread in India particularly in parts of Rajasthan has been aided by changes in irrigation and farming patterns, and the spread into Sumatra has been aided by deforestation. The species has also established itself in Dubai, UAE. The habitat is lowland open areas with scattered trees near water, often near human habitation. This species is often seen at sewage farms and refuse tips. These", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6518493", "score": "0.99948955", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Javan myna", "text": "length is . Its weight is about . The Javan myna is native to Java and Bali and has been introduced to southeast Thailand, southern Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, the Lesser Sundas, Taiwan, Puerto Rico, and Japan. It is found in cities and cultivated areas. The Javan myna is omnivorous and eats seeds, fruit, nectar, insects and human waste. It is often found in large groups. Its voice is similar to that of the common myna. It builds its nest in holes. The eggs are bluish-glaucous. Javan mynas are bold and not very afraid of humans. Javan mynas are kept in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4686773", "score": "0.9958693", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Canberra Indian Myna Action Group", "text": "the sixteenth most prevalent species, with anecdotal evidence of increased observations and nesting by native bird species. The action group has been associated with scientific research in Canberra into the effect of Indian mynas on native bird species and whether controlling Indian myna populations affects the prevalence of native bird species. Canberra Indian Myna Action Group The Canberra Indian Myna Action Group (CIMAG) is a voluntary public action group started in Canberra in 2006 to combat the invasive Indian myna that since its introduction to Canberra in 1968 had become the third most prevalent bird species, competing with and crowding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18166973", "score": "0.99459934", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Brahminy starling", "text": "it within the genus \"Sturnia\". Brahminy starling The brahminy myna or brahminy starling (\"Sturnia pagodarum\") is a member of the starling family of birds. It is usually seen in pairs or small flocks in open habitats on the plains of the Indian subcontinent. This myna is pale buff creamy with a black cap and a loose crest. The bill is yellow with a bluish base. The iris is pale and there is a bluish patch of skin around the eye. The outer tail feathers have white and the black primaries of the wings do not have any white patches. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3099043", "score": "0.9920058", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Canberra Indian Myna Action Group", "text": "Canberra Indian Myna Action Group The Canberra Indian Myna Action Group (CIMAG) is a voluntary public action group started in Canberra in 2006 to combat the invasive Indian myna that since its introduction to Canberra in 1968 had become the third most prevalent bird species, competing with and crowding out other native birds. In November 2013 the action group won the 2014 Keep Australia Beautiful Award for 'Environmental Innovation and Protection'. As of July 2014, the action group has captured and humanely disposed an estimated 49,000 Indian mynas. The prevalence of the Indian myna in Canberra has been reduced to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18166972", "score": "0.9817792", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Bali myna", "text": "Bali myna The Bali myna (\"Leucopsar rothschildi\"), also known as Rothschild's mynah, Bali starling, or Bali mynah, locally known as jalak Bali, is a medium-sized (up to long), stocky myna, almost wholly white with a long, drooping crest, and black tips on the wings and tail. The bird has blue bare skin around the eyes, greyish legs and a yellow bill. Both sexes are similar. It is critically endangered and fewer than 100 adults are assumed to currently exist in the wild. Placed in the monotypic genus Leucopsar, it appears to be most closely related to \"Sturnia\" and the brahminy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3169337", "score": "0.98059297", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Javan myna", "text": "cages in Malaysia and Indonesia. Javan myna The Javan myna (\"Acridotheres javanicus\"), also known as the white-vented myna, is a species of myna. It is a member of the starling family. The Javan myna is sometimes included in the great myna (\"Acridotheres grandis\") or the jungle myna (\"A. fuscus\"). The International Ornithologists' Union recommends not using the name \"white-vented myna\" to avoid confusion. The Javan myna is mainly black. The wings are brownish-black, and the primaries have white bases. The undertail-coverts are white. There is a crest on the forehead. The beak and feet are yellow. The eyes are lemon-yellow.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4686774", "score": "0.9747514", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Myna", "text": "their relationships. This range was colonized twice during the evolution of starlings, first by rather ancestral starlings related to the coleto and \"Aplonis\" lineages, and millions of years later by birds related to the common starling and wattled starling's ancestors. These two groups of mynas can be distinguished in the more terrestrial adaptions of the latter, which usually also have less glossy plumage except on the heads and longer tails. The Bali myna which is nearly extinct in the wild is highly distinctive. Some mynas are considered talking birds, for their ability to reproduce sounds, including human speech, when in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1728269", "score": "0.97381717", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Bali myna", "text": "legs. The Bali myna is restricted to the island of Bali (and its offshore islands) in Indonesia, where it is the island's only endemic vertebrate species. (An endemic subspecies, the Bali tiger, has been extinct since 1937). The bird was discovered in 1910, and in 1991 was designated the faunal emblem of Bali. Featured on the Indonesian 200 rupiah coin, its local name is \"jalak Bali\". In its natural habitat it is inconspicuous, using tree tops for cover and–unlike other starlings–usually coming to the ground only to drink or to find nesting materials; this would seem to be an adaptation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3169339", "score": "0.97108555", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Sri Lanka hill myna", "text": "Sri Lanka hill myna The Sri Lanka hill myna, Ceylon myna or Sri Lanka myna (\"Gracula ptilogenys\"), is a myna, a member of the starling family. This bird is endemic to Sri Lanka. This passerine is typically found in forest and cultivation. The Sri Lanka myna builds a nest in a hole. The normal clutch is two eggs. These 25 cm long birds have green-glossed black plumage, purple-tinged on the head and neck. There are large white wing patches, which are obvious in flight. The strong legs are bright yellow, and there are yellow wattles on the nape. The different", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3098185", "score": "0.9697108", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

[ "Sir Ernest Rutherford" ]

[ { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "year at Manchester, he had a teaching load as a graduate teaching assistant, but following that first year, he was reassigned from his teaching duties to work as a graduate research assistant. He declined a fellowship offered by Rutherford, preferring to move back to Oxford, in November 1913, where he was given laboratory facilities but no support. Experimenting with the energy of beta particles in 1912, Moseley showed that high potentials were attainable from a radioactive source of radium, thereby inventing the first atomic battery, though he was unable to produce the 1MeV necessary to stop the particles. In 1913,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189630", "score": "1.3047206", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "Henry Moseley Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (; 23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's law advanced atomic physics, nuclear physics and quantum physics by providing the first experimental evidence in favour of Niels Bohr's theory, aside from the hydrogen atom spectrum which the Bohr theory was designed to reproduce. That theory refined Ernest Rutherford's and Antonius van den Broek's model,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189626", "score": "1.2510114", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "step of demonstrating the actual foundation of atomic numbers. Ernest Rutherford commented that Moseley's work, \"Allowed him to complete during two years at the outset of his career a set of researches that would surely have brought him a Nobel prize\". Memorial plaques to Moseley were installed at Manchester and Eton, and a Royal Society scholarship, established by his will, had as its second recipient the physicist P. M. S. Blackett, who later became president of the Society. Henry Moseley Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (; 23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189650", "score": "1.2175442", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley (mathematician)", "text": "in 1836. In 1870 he was given an honorary degree of LL.D. Moseley was ordained deacon in 1827 and priest in 1828, and became curate at West Monkton, near Taunton. On 20 January 1831 he was appointed Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Astronomy at King's College, London. He held the post till 12 January 1844, when he was appointed one of the first of H. M. inspectors of normal schools. He was also chaplain of King's College from 31 October 1831 to 8 November 1833. As one of the jurors of the International Exhibition of 1851 he came", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17601330", "score": "1.1484863", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "not been invented yet in Moseley's time. Moseley's method in early X-ray spectroscopy was able to sort out the above chemical problems promptly, some of which had occupied chemists for a number of years. Moseley also predicted the existence of element 61, a lanthanide whose existence was previously unsuspected. Quite a few years later, this element 61 was created artificially in nuclear reactors and was named promethium. Before Moseley and his law, atomic numbers had been thought of as a semi-arbitrary ordering number, vaguely increasing with atomic weight but not strictly defined by it. Moseley's discovery showed that atomic numbers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189638", "score": "1.135319", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley (mathematician)", "text": "Henry Moseley (mathematician) Henry Moseley (9 July 1801 – 20 January 1872) was an English churchman, mathematician, and scientist. The son of Dr. William Willis Moseley, who kept a school at Newcastle-under-Lyme, and his wife Margaret (née Jackson), he was born on 9 July 1801. He was sent at an early age to the grammar school there, and when fifteen or sixteen to a school at Abbeville. Later he attended, for a short time, a naval school in Portsmouth. In 1819 Moseley went to St John's College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1826, coming out seventh wrangler, and proceeded M.A.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17601329", "score": "1.1191702", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "at the age of 27. Experts have speculated that Moseley could otherwise have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1916. As a consequence, the British government instituted new policies for eligibility for combat duty. Henry G. J. Moseley, known to his friends as Harry, was born in Weymouth in Dorset in 1887. His father Henry Nottidge Moseley (1844–91), who died when Henry Moseley was quite young, was a biologist and also a professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Oxford, who had been a member of the Challenger Expedition. Moseley's mother was Amabel Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189628", "score": "1.1126013", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Moseley's law", "text": "show that the frequencies of certain characteristic X-rays emitted from chemical elements are proportional to the square of a number which was close to the element's atomic number; a finding which supported Van den Broek and Bohr's model of the atom in which the atomic number is the same as the number of positive charges in the nucleus of the atom. In brief, the law states that the square root of the frequency of the emitted x-ray is proportional to the atomic number. William Lawrence Bragg had discovered X-ray crystallography in 1911 which was a method of using an x-ray", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5248930", "score": "1.110899", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Moseley's law", "text": "Moseley's law Moseley's law is an empirical law concerning the characteristic x-rays that are emitted by atoms. The law was discovered and published by the English physicist Henry Moseley in 1913. It is historically important in quantitatively justifying the conception of the nuclear model of the atom, with all, or nearly all, positive charges of the atom located in the nucleus, and associated on an integer basis with atomic number. Until Moseley's work, \"atomic number\" was merely an element's place in the periodic table, and was not known to be associated with any measurable physical quantity. Moseley was able to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5248929", "score": "1.1084243", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "him), and he was awarded a King's scholarship to attend Eton College. In 1906 he won the chemistry and physics prizes at Eton. In 1906, Moseley entered Trinity College of the University of Oxford, where he earned his bachelor's degree. Immediately after graduation from Oxford in 1910, Moseley became a demonstrator in physics at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Sir Ernest Rutherford. During Moseley's first year at Manchester, he had a teaching load as a graduate teaching assistant, but following that first year, he was reassigned from his teaching duties to work as a graduate research assistant.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Chemistry: A Volatile History", "text": "– there cannot be any fractional values. Moseley realised it was the atomic number, not the atomic weight that determines the order of the elements. What's more, because the atomic number increases in whole numbers from one element to the next there can be no extra elements between Hydrogen (atomic number 1) and Uranium (atomic number 92) – there can only be 92 elements, there is no room for any more. Moseley was just 26 when he completed this research. Aged 27 he was killed in action during the First World War – shot through the head by a sniper.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15135992", "score": "1.1061096", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Henry Nottidge Moseley", "text": "Henry Nottidge Moseley Henry Nottidge Moseley FRS (14 November 1844 – 10 November 1891) was a British naturalist who sailed on the global scientific expedition of HMS \"Challenger\" in 1872 through 1876. Moseley was born in Wandsworth, London, the son of Henry Moseley. He was educated at Harrow School, at Exeter College, Oxford (Arts) and at the University of London (medicine). He married Amabel Gwyn Jeffreys, daughter of the conchologist John Gwyn Jeffreys, in 1881, and they were the parents of the noted British physicist Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley. Moseley delivered the Royal Society Croonian Lecture in 1878 and was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8043802", "score": "1.1044", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "time of his death, Moseley could, in the opinion of some scientists, have contributed much to the knowledge of atomic structure had he survived. Niels Bohr said in 1962 that Rutherford's work \"was not taken seriously at all\" and that the \"great change came from Moseley.\" Robert Millikan wrote, \"In a research which is destined to rank as one of the dozen most brilliant in conception, skillful in execution, and illuminating in results in the history of science, a young man twenty-six years old threw open the windows through which we can glimpse the sub-atomic world with a definiteness and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189645", "score": "1.092754", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "and also one more step towards the creation of X-ray crystallography. In addition, Moseley's methods and analyses substantially supported the concept of atomic number, placing it on a firm, physics-based foundation. Moreover, Charles Barkla of Great Britain was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1917 for his experimental work in using X-ray spectroscopy in discovering the characteristic X-ray frequencies emitted by the various elements, especially the metals. \"Siegbahn, who carried on Moseley's work, received one [the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physics].\" Moseley's discoveries were thus of the same scope as those of his peers, and in addition, Moseley made the larger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189649", "score": "1.0893323", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "by Ernest Rutherford and Antonius van den Broek of the atom, with a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in which the atomic number is understood to be the exact physical number of positive charges (later discovered and called protons) in the central atomic nuclei of the elements. Moseley mentioned the two scientists above in his research paper, but he did not actually mention Bohr, who was rather new on the scene then. Simple modification of Rydberg's and Bohr's formulas were found to give theoretical justification for Moseley's empirically derived law for determining atomic numbers. X-ray spectrometers are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189640", "score": "1.0873393", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Henry Nottidge Moseley", "text": "Burnett Tylor, oversaw the transfer of Pitt-Rivers' collection from London to Oxford Moseley exerted significant influences on his noted students Halford Mackinder and Walter Garstang, who changed his career choice from medicine to zoology under Moseley's supervision. Moseley was awarded the Royal Society's Royal Medal in 1887. Moseley's publications include : Moseley studied invertebrate biology and the phylogeny of arthropods, coral, and molluscs. Moseley is commemorated in the Latin name of the species, northern rockhopper penguin, the \"Eudyptes moseleyi\". Henry Nottidge Moseley Henry Nottidge Moseley FRS (14 November 1844 – 10 November 1891) was a British naturalist who sailed on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8043804", "score": "1.0864433", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Moseley's law", "text": "tube to aim x-rays at an element and measure the diffraction lines and spectra produced. Moseley and other physicists used this technique to study various elements. The use of x-rays does not produce the full spectrum of a heated element, but produces a limited number of spectral lines within the x-ray region with the most visually prominent or intense line denoted as the K-alpha line. Following conversations in 1913 with Niels Bohr, a fellow worker in Ernest Rutherford's Cavendish laboratory, Moseley had become interested in the Bohr model of the atom, in which the spectra of light emitted by atoms", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5248931", "score": "1.0841299", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Philip J. Withers", "text": "and in 3D. In 2008 Withers set up the Henry Moseley Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility (MXIF), which has extensive suites of 3D X-ray Imaging facilities. In 2012, Withers became the inaugural Director of the BP International Centre for Advanced Materials (ICAM) aimed understanding and developing materials across the energy industry. ICAM is a collaboration between BP, The University of Manchester, The University of Cambridge, Imperial College London and the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. With Bill Clyne, he is a co-author of the textbook \"An Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites\". His research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19497203", "score": "1.0839797", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its (atomic) number in the periodic table. This remains the accepted model today. When World War I broke out in Western Europe, Moseley left his research work at the University of Oxford behind to volunteer for the Royal Engineers of the British Army. Moseley was assigned to the force of British Empire soldiers that invaded the region of Gallipoli, Turkey, in April 1915, as a telecommunications officer. Moseley was shot and killed during the Battle of Gallipoli on 10 August 1915,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189627", "score": "1.0835848", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "Moseley observed and measured the X-ray spectra of various chemical elements (mostly metals) that were found by the method of diffraction through crystals. This was a pioneering use of the method of X-ray spectroscopy in physics, using Bragg's diffraction law to determine the X-ray wavelengths. Moseley discovered a systematic mathematical relationship between the wavelengths of the X-rays produced and the atomic numbers of the metals that were used as the targets in X-ray tubes. This has become known as Moseley's law. Before Moseley's discovery, the atomic numbers (or elemental number) of an element had been thought of as a semi-arbitrary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189631", "score": "1.0777287", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Chemistry: A Volatile History", "text": "chemist Henry Moseley speculated that the answer to the number of protons lay in the nucleus. By firing a radioactive source at copper, he was able to knock electrons from their atoms, releasing a burst of energy in the form of an x-ray. When measured, the x-rays always had the same energy, unique to copper. He discovered each element released x-rays of different energies. Moseley's brilliance was to realise the x-ray energy is related to the number of protons inside the atom: the atomic number. Because this is the number of protons, the atomic number must be a whole number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15135991", "score": "1.0756342", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Moseley's law", "text": "electron spectroscopy a similar phenomenon with increased x-ray yield from species of higher atomic number. Moseley's law Moseley's law is an empirical law concerning the characteristic x-rays that are emitted by atoms. The law was discovered and published by the English physicist Henry Moseley in 1913. It is historically important in quantitatively justifying the conception of the nuclear model of the atom, with all, or nearly all, positive charges of the atom located in the nucleus, and associated on an integer basis with atomic number. Until Moseley's work, \"atomic number\" was merely an element's place in the periodic table, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5248950", "score": "1.0749701", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "the foundation-stones of X-ray crystallography. The X-ray spectrometers as Moseley knew them worked as follows. A glass-bulb electron tube was used, similar to that held by Moseley in the photo at the top of this article. Inside the evacuated tube, electrons were fired at a metallic substance (i.e. a sample of pure element in Moseley's work), causing the ionization of electrons from the inner electron shells of the element. The rebound of electrons into these holes in the inner shells next causes the emission of X-ray photons that were led out of the tube in a semi-beam, through an opening", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189641", "score": "1.0703757", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "in the external X-ray shielding. These are next diffracted by a standardized salt crystal, with angular results read out as photographic lines by the exposure of an X-ray film fixed at the outside the vacuum tube at a known distance. Application of Bragg's law (after some initial guesswork of the mean distances between atoms in the metallic crystal, based on its density) next allowed the wavelength of the emitted -rays to be calculated. Moseley participated in the design and development of early X-ray spectrometry equipment, learning some techniques from William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg at the University of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189642", "score": "1.0667653", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Discovery of the neutron", "text": "the electromagnetic emission spectra of heavier elements such as cobalt and nickel would follow their ordering by weight, or by their position in the periodic table. In 1913-1914 Moseley tested the question experimentally by using x-ray diffraction techniques. He found that the most intense short-wavelength line in the x-ray spectrum of a particular element, known as the K-alpha line, was related to the element's position in the periodic table, that is, its atomic number, \"Z\". Indeed, Moseley introduced this nomenclature. Moseley found that the frequencies of the radiation were related in a simple way to the atomic number of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18668735", "score": "1.0641567", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley (mathematician)", "text": "and other journals. The observed motion of the lead on the roof of Bristol Cathedral, under changes of temperature, caused him to advance the theory that the motion of glaciers might be explained in the same way. Moseley married, on 23 April 1835, Harriet, daughter of William Nottidge of Wandsworth Common, Surrey. Henry Nottidge Moseley was their son. Henry Moseley (mathematician) Henry Moseley (9 July 1801 – 20 January 1872) was an English churchman, mathematician, and scientist. The son of Dr. William Willis Moseley, who kept a school at Newcastle-under-Lyme, and his wife Margaret (née Jackson), he was born on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17601333", "score": "1.0563241", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Telephony in Greater Manchester", "text": "after obtaining a licence from the Post Office, Moseley installed a telephone between a hardware merchants establishment (Thomas Hudson Ltd) on Shudehill, Manchester to the companies' offices on Dantzic Street: the first such telephone in regular use in the country Moseley and Sons as a licensed telephone agent supplied private telephones to local customers. Their head of construction, Alexander Marr, patented in 1879, a type of granular carbon microphone (originally for the transmission of the sound of opera), which enabled them to get a foothold in the business of manufacturing telephones in the UK. Together with another local company (Peel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18188692", "score": "1.0534961", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Henry Nottidge Moseley", "text": "elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1879.He participated as naturalist in expeditions to Ceylon, to California, and to Oregon, and most notably he was in the \"Challenger\" expedition aboard of 1872 through 1876 which covered over of the world's oceans. Moseley began working at the University of London in 1879, and he was awarded the Linacre chair of human and comparative anatomy at Merton College, Oxford in 1881. In the same year, Moseley became involved in the negotiations for the donation of the Pitt-Rivers donation, which would form the Pitt Rivers Museum from 1884. Moseley, with Edward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8043803", "score": "1.0528581", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Moseley's law", "text": "be in the soft X-ray range (easily absorbed in air), Moseley was required to use vacuum tube techniques to measure them. Using x-ray diffraction techniques in 1913-1914, Moseley found that the most intense short-wavelength line in the x-ray spectrum of a particular element was indeed related to the element's periodic table atomic number, \"Z\". This line was known as the K-alpha line. Following Bohr's lead, Moseley found that for more general lines, this relationship could be expressed by a simple formula, later called \"Moseley's Law\". where: For example, the values for formula_3 and formula_4 are the same for all formula_7", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5248935", "score": "1.0485579", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Henry Moseley", "text": "of a missing element in the Periodic Table, which was later found to be filled by technetium, and Bohuslav Brauner had predicted the existence of another missing element in this Table, which was later found to be filled by promethium. Henry Moseley's experiments confirmed these predictions, by showing exactly what the missing atomic numbers were, 43 and 61. In addition, Moseley predicted the existence of two more undiscovered elements, those with the atomic numbers 72 and 75, and gave very strong evidence that there were no other gaps in the Periodic Table between the elements aluminium (atomic number 13) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "189635", "score": "1.0483382", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "25 December 2010" ]

[ { "title": "Come Fly with Me (1957 song)", "text": "Come Fly with Me (1957 song) \"Come Fly with Me\" is a 1957 popular song composed by Jimmy Van Heusen, with lyrics by Sammy Cahn. \"Come Fly with Me\" was written for Frank Sinatra, and was the title track of his 1958 album of the same name. The song sets the tone for the rest of the album, describing adventures in exotic locales, in Bombay, Peru and Acapulco Bay respectively. It subsequently became part of Sinatra's concert repertoire, and would feature in numerous performances. The song is featured prominently in the 1963 feature film \"Come Fly with Me\" sung by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6693896", "score": "1.1514331", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (film)", "text": "pockets and crosscurrents that threaten to send the entire aircraft into a tailspin.\" Come Fly with Me (film) Come Fly with Me is a 1963 British comedy film about three beautiful international air hostesses looking for romance and excitement. The film has dramatic or soap opera elements to it, and was a vehicle for glamorizing the jet age and the prestige, adventure and romance that came with being an air hostess. It is based on Bernard Glemser's 1960 chick-lit novel \"Girl on a Wing,\" which was published again in 1969 under the title, \"The Fly Girls.\" Directed by Henry Levin,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7545475", "score": "1.1237941", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (film)", "text": "Come Fly with Me (film) Come Fly with Me is a 1963 British comedy film about three beautiful international air hostesses looking for romance and excitement. The film has dramatic or soap opera elements to it, and was a vehicle for glamorizing the jet age and the prestige, adventure and romance that came with being an air hostess. It is based on Bernard Glemser's 1960 chick-lit novel \"Girl on a Wing,\" which was published again in 1969 under the title, \"The Fly Girls.\" Directed by Henry Levin, the film stars Dolores Hart, Hugh O'Brian, Karlheinz Böhm, Pamela Tiffin, Karl Malden,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7545471", "score": "1.1084112", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Modern Family)", "text": "Come Fly with Me (Modern Family) \"Come Fly with Me\" is the third episode of the first season of the ABC sitcom \"Modern Family\" and the third episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 7, 2009. The episode was written by Dan O'Shannon and directed by Reginald Hudlin. In the episode, Jay tries to spend some time alone with his model airplane, but Phil ruins it for him. He hits Phil in the nose with his model airplane on purpose and claims it was an accident, but later apologizes when Claire calls him on it. Alex and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14093045", "score": "1.0987749", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (film)", "text": "on 27 March 1963. Glemsser wrote a follow-up novel in 1972, \"The Super-Jet Girls\". It was not made into a film however. \"Variety\" wrote upon the film's release, \"Sometimes one performance can save a picture and in \"Come Fly with Me\" it's an engaging and infectious one by Pamela Tiffin. The production has other things going for it like an attractive cast, slick pictorial values and smart, stylish direction by Henry Levin, but at the base of all this sheer sheen lies a frail, frivolous and featherweight storyline that, in trying to take itself too seriously, flies into dramatic air", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7545474", "score": "1.0784715", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)", "text": "Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album) Come Fly with Me is an album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released in 1958. Sinatra's first collaboration with arranger/conductor Billy May, \"Come Fly with Me\" was designed as a musical trip around the world. Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen wrote the title track at Sinatra's request. May would arrange two other Capitol albums for Sinatra, \"Come Dance with Me!\" (1958) and \"Come Swing with Me!\" (1961). In his autobiography \"All You Need Is Ears\", producer George Martin wrote of having visited the Capitol Tower during the recording sessions for the album.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6375361", "score": "1.0739228", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)", "text": "while the song \"Chicago\" (and \"It Happened in Monterey\" on some pressings) were used in other parts of the British Commonwealth. Sinatra sang the song in Australia, during a , and relayed the story of the Kipling family objection to the song and how the Australian release of Come Fly with Me came to contain \"Chicago\". Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album) Come Fly with Me is an album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released in 1958. Sinatra's first collaboration with arranger/conductor Billy May, \"Come Fly with Me\" was designed as a musical trip around the world. Sammy Cahn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6375366", "score": "1.0504494", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (1957 song)", "text": "Frankie Avalon. The song was also used as the theme tune to the 1998 television series Airline and it also appears in numerous films, including \"Raging Bull\" (1980), \"Dear Mr. Wonderful\" (1982), \"Betsy's Wedding\" (1990), \"Air America\" (1990), \"Vegas Vacation\" (1997), \"Little Voice\" (1998), \"Heartbreakers\" (2001), \"Catch Me If You Can\" (2002), and \"Two Weeks Notice\" 2001, \"\" (2003), and \"PanAm\" (2011), and in two television bio-pics about Sinatra; the 1992 mini-series \"Sinatra\" and 1997's \"The Rat Pack\". Come Fly with Me (1957 song) \"Come Fly with Me\" is a 1957 popular song composed by Jimmy Van Heusen, with lyrics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6693897", "score": "1.0365554", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (1958 TV series)", "text": "series was broadcast Tuesdays at 8:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 24 June to 16 September 1958. Come Fly with Me (1958 TV series) Come Fly With Me is a Canadian music variety television series which aired on CBC Television in 1958. This series replaced \"Front Page Challenge\" between the 1957 and 1958 television seasons. It was recorded in various international locations such as Banff, Edinburgh, Los Angeles, New York City, Niagara Falls, Paris, Rome, San Francisco and Vancouver. Host Shane Rimmer was joined by Don Wright's vocal group and Rudy Toth's orchestra. The debut episode (24 June 1958) featured guest Barry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14828297", "score": "1.0280426", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)", "text": "Come Fly with Me is a British mockumentary television comedy series created by and starring Matt Lucas and David Walliams. Narrated by Lindsay Duncan, the series launched on 25 December 2010 on BBC One and BBC One HD. A spoof of British documentaries Airport and Airline, the series follows the activity at a fictional airport and three fictional airlines: FlyLo (a low cost airline), Our Lady Air (an Irish low cost airline) and Great British Air (a major international British airline).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (1958 TV series)", "text": "Come Fly with Me (1958 TV series) Come Fly With Me is a Canadian music variety television series which aired on CBC Television in 1958. This series replaced \"Front Page Challenge\" between the 1957 and 1958 television seasons. It was recorded in various international locations such as Banff, Edinburgh, Los Angeles, New York City, Niagara Falls, Paris, Rome, San Francisco and Vancouver. Host Shane Rimmer was joined by Don Wright's vocal group and Rudy Toth's orchestra. The debut episode (24 June 1958) featured guest Barry Morse who sang the \"My Fair Lady\" musical number \"Why Can't the English\". This half-hour", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14828296", "score": "1.0266525", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Michael Bublé album)", "text": "Come Fly with Me (Michael Bublé album) Come Fly with Me is the first live album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. The album was released on March 8, 2004, consisting of an Audio CD and Live DVD. The title track was originally sung by Frank Sinatra on his 1958 album of the same name. The video of the live performances reached the top 10 of the \"Billboard\" Music Video Charts of early May 2004. The album made the top 100 of the Billboard Top 200 and has also made the Australian top 50 album charts. The album rose to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3055127", "score": "1.0222282", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Peter Andre album)", "text": "Come Fly with Me (Peter Andre album) Come Fly With Me is the tenth studio album released by British-Australian singer Peter Andre. The album was released on 16 October 2015, via East West Records. The album is Andre's second swing album following the release of \"Big Night\" in 2014, however, unlike \"Big Night\", the album consists mostly of covers of Rat Pack classics, as well as three original songs and a swing version of his former hit \"Mysterious Girl\". The album was recorded to coincide with Peter's appearance on the latest series of \"Strictly Come Dancing\". The album was produced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19093152", "score": "1.0189997", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (film)", "text": "Bergstrom, (Lois Nettleton) gets noticed by a multi-millionaire widower from Texas named Walter Lucas (Karl Malden). Henry Levin was signed to direct in April 1962. The movie was also known in production as \"Champagne Flight\", \"The Friendliest Girls in the World\" and \"Girl on a Wing\". The film was shot in Panavision and Metrocolor, during 1962, in New York City, Paris and Versailles, Vienna and the Woerther See with studio interiors shot at MGM British Studios, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, England. The shoot took 12 weeks. It filmed at the same time as \"Follow the Boys\". It premiered in the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7545473", "score": "1.0090365", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)", "text": "According to Martin's book, Sinatra expressed intense dislike for the album cover upon being first shown a mock-up by producer Voyle Gilmore, suggesting it looked like an advertisement for TWA. The album reached #1 on the Billboard album chart in its second week, and remained at the top for five weeks. At the inaugural Grammy Awards \"Come Fly with Me\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Though recorded simultaneously in true stereo alongside a distinct mono mix, \"Come Fly with Me\" was released to record stores in 1958 in monaural only, a standard practice by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6375362", "score": "1.0010813", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Come Fly Away", "text": "Come Fly Away Come Fly Away is a dance revue conceived, directed and choreographed by Twyla Tharp, around the songs of Frank Sinatra. The musical, set in a New York City nightclub, follows four couples as they look for love. It premiered on Broadway in March 2010 after tryouts in Atlanta and has received mostly warm reviews. \"Come Fly Away\", originally titled \"Come Fly with Me\", ran at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, in September 2009. It started Broadway previews at the Marquis Theatre on March 1, 2010, and opened on March 25. The cast included Keith Roberts, John Selya, Ashley", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14414398", "score": "0.9999769", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Michael Bublé album)", "text": "#4 on the chart, while Buble's self-titled album peaked at #3, both in the same week. \"Come Fly With Me\" was certified gold by ARIA (Australian Charts) in 2006. Come Fly with Me (Michael Bublé album) Come Fly with Me is the first live album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. The album was released on March 8, 2004, consisting of an Audio CD and Live DVD. The title track was originally sung by Frank Sinatra on his 1958 album of the same name. The video of the live performances reached the top 10 of the \"Billboard\" Music Video Charts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3055128", "score": "0.9913423", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Peter Andre album)", "text": "to the Moon\" exclusively via the Daily Mail. One of the tracks on the album, \"Little Miss Notting Hill\", was written by fellow swing band The Overtones, alongside producer Southwood. The release of the album will be accompanied by a 16-date tour in 2016, entitled the \"Come Swing with Me\" tour. The tour will incorporate both arenas and theatres, and includes a flagship show at the 02 Arena in London on 20 March 2016. Come Fly with Me (Peter Andre album) Come Fly With Me is the tenth studio album released by British-Australian singer Peter Andre. The album was released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19093154", "score": "0.98501515", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)", "text": "was published on the programme website. The extra content, featuring some of the main characters played by Matt Lucas and David Walliams, was presented as spoof versions of real life airline websites, for example an on line check in service for fictional airline FlyLo, with Melody and Keeley. The content was written by Kevin Cecil, who also contributed to the television scripts. Cecil was inspired by his own work on comedy tie in books over the years \"Come Fly with Me\" has received mixed reviews, with the \"Daily Express\" calling it \"the worst sketch show, or sitcom to have ever", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15141656", "score": "0.96680504", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Modern Family)", "text": "Gloria go to a mall and Gloria tries to convince Alex to wear a dress to a wedding. Mitchell goes to Costco for the first time in his life and while he thinks he will not like it, he gets excited. \"Come Fly with Me\" received a 3.4/9 in the 18-49 demographic according to the Nielsen Media Research and positive reviews from television critics with many calling it an improvement over \"The Bicycle Thief\". Jay (Ed O'Neill) pushes Phil (Ty Burrell) to go out with him and fly his new model plane, a Vought F4U Corsair. While Phil gets his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14093039", "score": "0.96130544", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Come Poop with Me", "text": "Come Poop with Me Come Poop With Me is a CD of adult-oriented comedy and songs released by Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog (also known as voice actor and puppeteer Robert Smigel) on Warner Bros. Records on November 4, 2003. Its title is a parody of the Frank Sinatra album \"Come Fly With Me\". Half the album was recorded live at the Bowery Ballroom in New York City and included guest performances by Maya Rudolph, Adam Sandler, Jack Black, Horatio Sanz, Conan O'Brien, and \"Blackwolf the Dragonmaster\", a real-life role playing game fan whom Triumph had ridiculed on an episode", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6442489", "score": "0.95885694", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)", "text": "Day 2011, gained viewers over 8.80 million, and the remaining four episodes averaged around seven million viewers throughout the rest of the series. The series began airing in the United States on BBC America on 18 June 2011, edited to fit a thirty-minute time slot with commercials. \"Come Fly on the Wall\" discussed the making of \"Come Fly with Me\" with Walliams and Lucas. The programme featured clips from filming, outtakes and interviews with the show's creators as they developed the series. It featured pre production discussions and rehearsals, and showed the actors filming at some of the United Kingdom's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15141654", "score": "0.95841116", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Modern Family)", "text": "used to dress up Manny like a girl when he was a baby because she wanted to have a girl. When Manny found the pictures, Gloria told him it was his twin sister who had died. In its original American broadcast, \"Come Fly With Me\" was viewed by an estimated 8.823 million households with a 5.4 rating/9% share Nielsen rating and received a 3.4 rating/9% share in the 18-49 demographic going down 4 tenths in the demographic according to the Nielsen Media Research. \"Come Fly with Me\" received positive reviews. Robert Canning of \"IGN\" gave the episode an 8.3/10 calling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14093042", "score": "0.95554566", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (Peter Andre album)", "text": "by Nick Southwood, and features bassist Adam King, drummer Adrian Meehan and keyboardist Rich Milner. Andre said of the album: “All of these songs are great great classics. The fact that we’re celebrating hundred years of Frank Sinatra makes the choice even better because you can start to pick some of the favourites that Franky was really well-known for. When you listen to these old classics, you realise what real music is.” On 28 September 2015 Andre released a music video for \"Come Fly With Me\" exclusively via Heatworld.com. On 22 October Andre released a music video for \"Fly Me", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19093153", "score": "0.9534062", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)", "text": "Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield. A further three weeks were spent filming at London Stansted Airport, with further weeks of filming at Pinewood Studios. A 'making of' documentary titled \"Come Fly on the Wall\" aired on BBC One on 8 February 2011. On 28 January 2011, the BBC announced it had commissioned a second series. However, Walliams confirmed in January 2013 that a second series was not going to air. Series One of \"Come Fly with Me\" began airing on Christmas Day 2010, and received mixed reviews from critics, and viewers over 12.47 million. Episode Two, which aired on New Year's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15141653", "score": "0.9402851", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Come Josephine in My Flying Machine", "text": "Come Josephine in My Flying Machine \"Come Josephine In My Flying Machine\" is a popular song with music by Fred Fisher and lyrics by Alfred Bryan. First published in 1910, the composition was originally recorded by Blanche Ring and was, for a time, her signature song. Ada Jones and Billy Murray recorded a duet in November 1910, which was released the following year. There have been many subsequent recordings of the pop standard. Written in the early days of aviation, it tells of a young man courting his gal by \"flying machine\" and expresses the technological optimism of the era:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8257784", "score": "0.93822455", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Fly Away with Me", "text": "husband (Shawn Carter Peterson) then comes in and brings her fruit that he feeds to her. She then sings her lyrics to him while being held in his arms. They are later seen walking down a path as Peterson tells her to cover her eyes as he runs away (playing hide-and-seek). She later finds him and they are seen at the end of the video watching the sunset. Other scenes include Smith singing in a meadow and in a tree. Fly Away with Me \"Fly Away With Me\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Sy Smith. It was written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14515785", "score": "0.93000746", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Come Away with Me (song)", "text": "Come Away with Me (song) \"Come Away with Me\" is a song written, produced, and performed by American recording artist Norah Jones. It was released on December 30, 2002 as the third single from her debut studio album, \"Come Away with Me\" (2002). The song reached number 21 on the US \"Billboard\" Adult Top 40. It also peaked at number 2 in Canada (Jones's second and highest chart achievement on the Canadian Singles Chart) and number 80 on the UK Singles Chart. \"Come Away with Me\" was included on the soundtrack for the film \"Maid in Manhattan\" (2002). The music", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9756503", "score": "0.9193497", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Come Fly Away", "text": "the Broadway production, Twyla Tharp's \"Come Fly Away\" re-opened in Las Vegas at the Wynn Las Vegas resort under the new name \"SINATRA Dance With Me\". Only a few changes were made from Broadway to Las Vegas. The show opened on December 11, 2010 as a limited engagement till April 23, 2011. The show was extended another week because of high demand and ran through April 30, 2011 Troika Entertainment presents the US National Tour of \"Come Fly Away\", which started in August 2011 at the Fabulous Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia. The tour reunites several cast members from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14414400", "score": "0.91741943", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Fly with Me (Jonas Brothers song)", "text": "Fly with Me (Jonas Brothers song) \"Fly with Me\" is the second single by American pop rock band Jonas Brothers from their fourth studio album \"Lines, Vines and Trying Times\". It was released on June 9, 2009, through Hollywood Records. The song was featured in the film \"\", in which the Brothers provided voiceover work. It was written by the group and their bassist, Greg Garbowsky, about Kevin and Danielle's relationship before marriage, despite both of them being far apart from each other. A Cantonese version of the song is played in the \"Flights of Fantasy Parade\", a parade at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13322586", "score": "0.9070393", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "February 2005", "February 21, 2005", "February 21, 2005" ]

[ { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "\"Greatest Hits\" status for the PlayStation 2 on July 19, 2007. Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game) Avatar: The Last Airbender: The Video Game (known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in Europe) is a video game based on the . It was released for the Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii, and Xbox. The game was followed by a sequel, \"\", in 2007. The game was a launch title for the Wii in Western territories. The \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" video game allows the player to control one of four characters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662008", "score": "1.1581527", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game) Avatar: The Last Airbender: The Video Game (known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in Europe) is a video game based on the . It was released for the Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii, and Xbox. The game was followed by a sequel, \"\", in 2007. The game was a launch title for the Wii in Western territories. The \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" video game allows the player to control one of four characters – Aang, , , or Sokka – in a single-player adventure.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662000", "score": "1.1432939", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Last Airbender", "text": "the show's creators and got their blessing for his project, it wasn't his plot to address. \"The Last Airbender\" was rumored to be released in the summer of 2010 before it received a formal release date of July 1, 2010.<ref name=\"/FILM\"></ref> To avoid confusion with James Cameron's \"Avatar\", the title was changed from \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" to simply \"The Last Airbender\". On June 16, 2010, it was revealed that the film would be released on July 1, 2010, and after questions about the definition of the release being limited or wide, was later confirmed by the studio to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11848583", "score": "1.133669", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "\"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" video game are Aang, , Sokka, and , the former three of which are main characters in the television series the video game is based on. Aang is the fun-loving, 112-year-old protagonist of the video game, he was frozen in an iceberg for a century. He is the current incarnation of the Avatar, the spirit of the planet manifested in human form. As the Avatar, Aang must master all four elements to bring peace to the world and restore the balance between the four nations. Aiding him is the 14-year-old Katara, the sole remaining Waterbender of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662002", "score": "1.1304123", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "are able to fend off the attackers, but Katara is captured during the battle. Aang and Sokka follow the ship, but are slowed by a Firebending machine. They follow the ship to an Earth Kingdom port. They slip into the jail and free Katara, who informs them of another prisoner named Lian the Maker, who is being forced to make machines for the Fire Nation. When they arrive at Lian’s cell, they find it empty, except for a map to an Earth Kingdom village. They find the village under attack by machines. After fending off the machines, picking up Haru", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662004", "score": "1.1243018", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics)", "text": "almost every year at Free Comic Book Day offerings from Dark Horse Comics. The \"\" graphic novel is a collection of long-out-of-print, fan-favorite comics previously published in Nickelodeon Magazine and the between 2005 and 2011. It also includes the Free Comic Book Day issue \"Relics\" and all-new comics. Published on June 15, 2011, it is an anthology that includes twenty-eight stories by various writers and artists, many of whom worked on the original animated series. \"Avatar: The Last Airbender – Team Avatar Tales\" is the second anthology book, collecting the 2013–2015 Free Comic Book Day stories along with all-new stories.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17286733", "score": "1.1168809", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "destroy the Avatar statues. They stop Lian, but Katara, Sokka, and Haru are captured by another machine. Aang pursues Lian and the machine to a fortress. After Aang rescues his friends, they find Zuko, also captured by a machine. Upon rescuing him, Zuko attacks the group. At the end of the resulting fight, Zuko is knocked over a cliff and swept over a waterfall. The four enter the fortress, where they find Lian, where she finished a machine being manned by the missing waterbender Hiryu, Haru's friend Yuan and a nameless firebender. Lian tries to attach Aang to the machine,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662006", "score": "1.1114889", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender", "text": "the knowledge and abilities of all past Avatars. Although it is when they are most powerful, if an Avatar were ever to be killed while in the Avatar State, the reincarnation cycle would end and the avatar would never again be reborn. More than a century before the events of the series begin, Fire Lord Sozin, ruler of the Fire Nation, planned a world war to expand his nation's territory and influence. He was prevented from carrying out his plans by Avatar Roku, who was born in the Fire Nation. After Roku's death, the Avatar was reincarnated as an Airbender", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757445", "score": "1.10959", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender", "text": "Shyamalan's directing; it had a six-percent approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes and received five Razzies at the 31st Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture. Although the film originally shared the title of the television series, the title \"The Last Airbender\" was used because producers feared it would be confused with James Cameron's film \"Avatar\". \"The Last Airbender\" stars Noah Ringer as Aang, Nicola Peltz as Katara, Jackson Rathbone as Sokka, Dev Patel as Zuko, and Shaun Toub as Iroh. \"The Legend of Korra\", a sequel series to \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\", premiered on Nickelodeon on April 14, 2012. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757470", "score": "1.1068217", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (Avatar: The Legend of Aang in some regions) is an American animated television series that aired for three seasons on Nickelodeon. The series began in February 2005 and concluded with a two-hour episode titled Sozin's Comet in July 2008. Avatar: The Last Airbender is set in an Asiatic-like world in which some people can manipulate the classical elements with psychokinetic variants of the Chinese martial arts known as \"bending\". The series is presented in a style that combines anime with American cartoons and relies on the imagery of East-and-South Asian, Inuit, and New World societies. It", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics)", "text": "edition featuring notes from the creators and a sketchbook section. Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics) The Avatar: The Last Airbender comics are a continuation of the original Nickelodeon animated television series, \"\", created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. The series includes \"The Lost Adventures\", published from 2005 to 2011 and set between episodes of the original series, and the graphic novel trilogies, published since 2012 and set a few years after the original series. A related comic series, taking place decades later, \"The Legend of Korra\", began publication in 2017. Since 2011, there has been a short comic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17286735", "score": "1.1059828", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth (known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang – The Burning Earth in Europe) is a 2007 video game for Wii, Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, and Xbox 360 based on the animated television series \"\". It was one of the last games released for the Game Boy Advance in North America and Europe. It is the sequel to the 2006 game . The game was followed by a sequel, \"\", in 2008. The game is known for its easy Xbox 360 1000G", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10560499", "score": "1.1031401", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender – North and South", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender – North and South Avatar: The Last Airbender – North and South is the fifth graphic novel trilogy created as a continuation of \"\" television series created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. The first comic in the trilogy was published on September 28, 2016, the second on February 7, 2017, and the final one on April 26, 2017. The trilogy is set following the events of \"\". As a close sequel to the original \"Avatar\" series, it depicts events that occur seventy years before the sequel series \"The Legend of Korra. \"In early June", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19346186", "score": "1.0989941", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)", "text": "1 Collection was released on September 12, 2006 containing all twenty episodes plus extras on six discs. PAL versions of the single-disc volume sets started being released on February 19, 2007;. As with the original Region 1 NTSC DVDs, each set contains four episodes per disc. The Complete Book One Collection was released on January 26, 2009 containing all twenty episodes on five discs. These Region 2 releases lack the commentary tracks and other DVD extras found on the Region 1 releases. \"The Last Airbender\" is a live action film based on the first season of the animated television series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11264133", "score": "1.0978609", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender", "text": "world. \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" was THQ's bestselling Nickelodeon game in 2006 and was one of Sony CEA's Greatest Hits. The series' first season was the basis of the 2010 live-action film \"The Last Airbender\", which was written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It was intended as the first of a trilogy of films, each of which would be based upon one of the three television seasons. The film's reception from critics and fans of the television series was overwhelmingly negative and it considered one of the worst movies ever for the writing, acting, casting, dialogue, source material, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757469", "score": "1.0968466", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender", "text": "Parks, and two Lego . An art book was published in June 2010. The complete series was released on Blu-ray on June 5, 2018 for the 10th anniversary of season 3's finale. The series inspired a critically panned but financially successful live-action film, \"The Last Airbender\", directed by M. Night Shyamalan and considered one of the worst movies ever made. An animated sequel series, \"The Legend of Korra\", aired from 2012 to 2014. A new live-action remake of the series by its original creators produced for Netflix was announced in September 2018. \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" is set in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757442", "score": "1.0916584", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "but he battles it instead. During the fight, Katara is struck down, causing Aang to enter the Avatar State and destroy the machine once and for all, burying Lian under its rubble, killing her (though she survives in the portable versions of the game.) As the four leave the fortress, Zuko is seen crawling up on the shoreline, grumbling angrily. Despite mixed critical reviews, THQ's \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" performed well commercially, selling over one million units worldwide as of February 2007 and becoming THQ's top-selling Nickelodeon product of 2006. The game even went on to achieve Sony Computer Entertainment's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662007", "score": "1.0878396", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)", "text": "was later replaced by Zach Tyler Eisen when the show began production. In the episode, Sokka and his sister Kya (Katara was named Kya at the time of the pilot) must travel the world to find masters for Aang, who is the Avatar; however, they must evade a critical foe, Prince Zuko of the Fire Nation, who wants to capture Aang. This episode was first publicly released as one of the extras in the NTSC season 1 DVD box set, which were not available with the previously-released individual volumes. As the PAL box set lacks extras, the episode was not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11264128", "score": "1.0863606", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Last Airbender", "text": "for many years. In 2018, Michael Dante Dimartino and Bryan Konietzko announced a live-action remake of the animated series on Netflix, effectively cancelling any chance of future films. 15-year-old Sokka and his 14-year-old sister , are near a river at the Southern Water Tribe, a small village in the South Pole. While hunting, they discover an iceberg that when broken open shoots a beam of light into the sky. Inside of the iceberg is a 12-year-old boy named Aang and a giant flying bison named Appa. Unknown to them, Aang is the long-lost Avatar – the only person capable of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11848534", "score": "1.0862694", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender", "text": "was the new Avatar, carried out a genocide against the Air Nomads during the passage of a once-a-century comet that increased the Firebenders' power, and continued his world conquest. In the present day, as the Fire Nation continues its war against the other nations, , a fourteen-year-old waterbender of the Southern Water Tribe, and her older brother, Sokka, find and revive Aang and Appa. Aang learns about the war, and the siblings join him to reach the Northern Water Tribe at the North Pole so he and Katara can learn waterbending. Aang's return attracts the attention of Prince Zuko, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757447", "score": "1.0859332", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth", "text": "sequel, called \"\", was released for Wii in October and for DS in November 2008. Just like the first two, \"\", and \"Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth\" are based on the , seasons one and two respectively, the third game is based on . Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth (known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang – The Burning Earth in Europe) is a 2007 video game for Wii, Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, and Xbox 360 based on the animated television series \"\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10560501", "score": "1.0856154", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Last Airbender", "text": "July release date, and wave three near the 2010 holiday season. THQ Studio Australia also developed a video game based on the film. Titled \"The Last Airbender\", it was released on June 29, 2010 for the Wii and the Nintendo DS. Two original black-and-white graphic novels, entitled \"\" and \"The Last Airbender\", drawn in the manga style, were written by Dave Roman and Alison Wilgus. \"We're excited to be working with Nickelodeon to bring these great stories to the manga audience\", says Dallas Middaugh, Associate Publisher of Del Rey Manga. \"\"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" has shown incredible crossover appeal with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11848578", "score": "1.0804468", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics)", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics) The Avatar: The Last Airbender comics are a continuation of the original Nickelodeon animated television series, \"\", created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. The series includes \"The Lost Adventures\", published from 2005 to 2011 and set between episodes of the original series, and the graphic novel trilogies, published since 2012 and set a few years after the original series. A related comic series, taking place decades later, \"The Legend of Korra\", began publication in 2017. Since 2011, there has been a short comic of \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" or \"The Legend of Korra\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17286732", "score": "1.0791948", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender – North and South", "text": "meet up in Gran-Gran's hut for a feast that includes cuisine from all of their cultures. Avatar: The Last Airbender – North and South Avatar: The Last Airbender – North and South is the fifth graphic novel trilogy created as a continuation of \"\" television series created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. The first comic in the trilogy was published on September 28, 2016, the second on February 7, 2017, and the final one on April 26, 2017. The trilogy is set following the events of \"\". As a close sequel to the original \"Avatar\" series, it depicts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19346198", "score": "1.0789605", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Katara (Avatar: The Last Airbender)", "text": "life during a Fire Nation raid in order to protect Katara; whereafter her daughter assumed an adult's role in later life. Though her interests lay in developing her Waterbending skills, she resigned herself to cooking and cleaning duties while her brother, Sokka, trained to become a warrior. Later, Katara’s father and the other warriors journey to the Earth Kingdom to oppose the Fire Nation; leaving Katara, Sokka, and their grandmother to look after the tribe. The events of \"Avatar: The Last Airbender\" begin six years thereafter, when Katara and Sokka find Aang in suspended animation and identify him as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5547846", "score": "1.0787367", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Katara (Avatar: The Last Airbender)", "text": "writing and casting and has been considered to be one of the worst adaptations ever made. Katara (Avatar: The Last Airbender) Katara () is a fictional character in Nickelodeon's animated television series \"\" and \"The Legend of Korra\". The character, created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, is voiced by Mae Whitman in the original series and Eva Marie Saint in the sequel series. In addition to this, she was played by Nicola Peltz in the 2010 live action film \"The Last Airbender\". Katara is a fourteen-year-old waterbender (i.e., she has the ability to telekinetically control water and ice);", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5547863", "score": "1.0779779", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "The Avatar State was also perceived as annoying due to requiring players to repeat the sequence every time a mistake was made. The character's controls were also criticized for being too sensitive which led to unfair deaths. The Blue Spirit was specifically criticized for his difficulty to turn around when in stealth mode. While the co-op arena mode was enjoyed by Good Game due to its simplicity, they felt disappointed with the lack of co-op in story mode. Reviews for the game were generally much more positive than those of the film. The Last Airbender (video game) The Last Airbender", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14647917", "score": "1.0765918", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender", "text": "among the four nations, and act as a mediator between humans and spirits. When the Avatar dies, their spirit is reincarnated into the next of the four nations in what is known as the Avatar cycle: the Fire Nation, Air Nomads, Water Tribe and Earth Kingdom. An Avatar is required to master each bending art, beginning with the element of their home nation, and proceeding to learn the others in the order of the Avatar cycle, starting at the age of sixteen. Avatars also possess the ability to enter a condition known as the Avatar State, in which they gain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4757444", "score": "1.0762748", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)", "text": "Each character uses his or her own trademark weapon and fighting style, and is able to earn new special abilities through experience gained from defeating enemies. A variety of items can help the player with quests, or during battle (armor, chi, enchanted accessories, and healing potions). The game also enables the player to collect certain resources and bring them to artisans to make special items. Enemies include classic Firebenders, machines, and a variety of animals from the show, mainly the first book. The console versions of the game were developed by THQ Studio Australia. The main playable characters in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7662001", "score": "1.0762072", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game", "text": "when his peers announced Aang's identity as the Avatar. Envious, he turned traitor and revealed the temple's location to the Fire Nation. They stormed the temple and slaughtered the other monks, but were too late to catch Aang, who had run away from home shortly before. Afiko was instrumental in engineering the genocide of his fellow Air Nomads, earning a place as Fire Lord Sozin's close adviser. He also seems to have aided Sozin in attacking the Earth Kingdom because he is often shown blocking or dispersing Earthbending attacks and attacking Earthbenders. The traitorous monk died long before Aang's return,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7848029", "score": "1.0747433", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "ummat al-Islamiyah", "Ummah" ]

[ { "title": "Amir al-Mu'minin", "text": "Amir al-Mu'minin Amir al-Mu'minin () is an Arabic title that is usually translated \"Commander of the Faithful\" or \"Leader of the Faithful\". Shias hold that the title is exclusive to Ali; though Sunnis maintain the caliph at any point in time is the bearer of the title. The use of the title does not necessarily signify a claim to caliphate as it is usually taken to be, but described a certain form of activist leadership which may have been attached to a caliph but also could signify a level of authority beneath that. The Ottoman sultans, in particular, made scant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6673720", "score": "1.042907", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Sahabah", "text": "Sahabah The term ( meaning \"the companions\", from the verb meaning \"accompany\", \"keep company with\", \"associate with\") refers to the companions, disciples, scribes and family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This form is definite plural; the indefinite singular is masculine sahabi ('), feminine sahabia ('). Later scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and various important matters of Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through trusted chains of narrators (\"isnads\"), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2606048", "score": "1.0396302", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Mu'mina", "text": "Mu'mina Muʾmin () is an Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, that literally means \"believer\", and denotes a person who has complete submission to the Will of Allah and has faith firmly established in his heart, i.e. a \"faithful Muslim\". The term(Mu'mina) مومينه is used to identify a female that has a higher degree of faith in Islam. The Quran states: This verse addresses the believers, exhorting them to believe, implying multiple stages of belief. In Islamic theology, there exists a significant difference between a Muslim and a Mu'min. A Muslim is a person who has come under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17501679", "score": "1.0315629", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Islamic missionary activity", "text": "Community (often called Mubaligh, Murrabi, Imam, or Mawlana) or as Qadis or Muftis of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community with a specialisation in matters of fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence). Some Jamia alumni have also become Islamic historians with a specialisation in tarikh (Islamic historiography). Missionaries stay with their careers as appointed by the Caliph for the rest of their lives, as per their commitment to the Community. Nations: Islamic missionary activity Islamic missionary work or dawah means to \"invite\" (in Arabic, literally \"invitation\") to Islam. After the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, from the 7th century onwards, Islam spread rapidly from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13842867", "score": "1.0210649", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Four Companions", "text": "The Four Companions The Four Companions, also called the Four Pillars of the Sahaba is a Shiʿah term for the four Sahaba who stayed most loyal to Imam Ali after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad: Those among Muhammad's companions who were closest to both Muhammad and Imam Ali were called Shiʿah of Ali \"partisans of Ali\" during Muhammad's lifetime, and it was for these primarily that the following hadith was said: These companions are later referred to as \"The Real Shiʿah\". Abdullah ibn Abbas, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr and Malik al-Ashtar were other such partisans. However, it is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650559", "score": "0.997799", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Four Companions", "text": "only The Four Companions that are believed to have attained the rank of \"The Real Shiʿah\" and remained so. The Four Companions The Four Companions, also called the Four Pillars of the Sahaba is a Shiʿah term for the four Sahaba who stayed most loyal to Imam Ali after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad: Those among Muhammad's companions who were closest to both Muhammad and Imam Ali were called Shiʿah of Ali \"partisans of Ali\" during Muhammad's lifetime, and it was for these primarily that the following hadith was said: These companions are later referred to as \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6650560", "score": "0.9969808", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Religious community", "text": "Religious community A religious community is a community (group of people) who practice the same religion. The term is used in a wider sense and a different narrower sense. People who define themselves as having a particular religion are considered to be members of the religion's community. In the wider sense, the term is used to refer to members of one religion who may live in groups, or near or intermingled with members of other religions. Community members may mix with others in everyday life, but worship separately, typically in a dedicated temple such as a church or mosque. One", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10671328", "score": "0.99553144", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Nakhawila", "text": "Nakhawila The Nakhawila () are a community of indigenous Hijazi Twelver Shias, typically of low social class, who have traditionally resided in and around the city of Medina in Saudi Arabia, numbering around 32,000—although no official or certain figures are available. The origin of the name \"Nakhawila\" (singular: \"nakhwali\") is unclear; however, it is most likely derived from the Arabic word \"nakhl\", \"nakhla\" or \"nakhil\" (date palm) because the Nakhawila community is said to have worked in the palm groves around Medina. The word is believed to have been first used during the Ottoman rule of Hejaz and was first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13448940", "score": "0.991213", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Mawla", "text": "Mawla Mawlā (), plural mawālī (), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts. In the Quran and hadith it is used in two senses: Lord; and guardian, trustee, helper. In the pre-Islamic era the term originally applied to any form of tribal association. During the early Islamic era, this institution was adapted to incorporate new converts to Islam into the Arab-Muslim society and the word \"mawali\" gained currency as an appellation for non-Arab Muslims. The word \"mawla\" is derived from the root \"w-l-y\", meaning \"to be close to\", \"to be friends with\", or \"to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5577551", "score": "0.9862953", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ummah", "text": "It is a synonym for ummat al-Islamiyah (Arabic: الأمة الإسلامية‎) (the Islamic Community), and it is commonly used to mean the collective community of Islamic peoples. In the Quran the ummah typically refers to a single group that shares common religious beliefs, specifically those that are the objects of a divine plan of salvation. In the context of Pan-Islamism and politics, the word Ummah can be used to mean the concept of a Commonwealth of the Believers (أمة المؤمنين ummat al-mu'minīn).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mu'mina", "text": "His Apostle, He will not allow you to lose any of your actions, for God is Forgiving, Merciful. http://quran.com/23 Surat ul Mu'minoon Mu'mina Muʾmin () is an Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, that literally means \"believer\", and denotes a person who has complete submission to the Will of Allah and has faith firmly established in his heart, i.e. a \"faithful Muslim\". The term(Mu'mina) مومينه is used to identify a female that has a higher degree of faith in Islam. The Quran states: This verse addresses the believers, exhorting them to believe, implying multiple stages of belief. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17501681", "score": "0.9798599", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Community of the Beatitudes", "text": "Community of the Beatitudes The Community of the Beatitudes is one of the \"new communities\" established in the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) in the movement of the Charismatic Renewal Movement. It was founded in France in 1973, and came under the ecclesial authority of the Archbishop of Albi in southern France since May 1975 (Foundation in Cordes). It was recognised in 2002 by the Holy See as an association of the faithful. On December 3, 2008, the Pontifical Council for the Laity asked the Community to change its canonical form and come under the authority of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13684006", "score": "0.9777629", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sahabah", "text": "at Dawat Zul Asheera then many times during his prophethood and finally at Ghadeer e Khum. The Bahá'í Faith recognises the companions of Muhammad. They are mentioned in the Kitáb-i-Íqán, the primary theological work of the Baha'i religion. Sahabah The term ( meaning \"the companions\", from the verb meaning \"accompany\", \"keep company with\", \"associate with\") refers to the companions, disciples, scribes and family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This form is definite plural; the indefinite singular is masculine sahabi ('), feminine sahabia ('). Later scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2606063", "score": "0.96783334", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jama'at Khana", "text": "Jama'at Khana Jamatkhana (from , literally \"congregational place\") is an amalgamation derived from the Arabic word \"jama‘a\" (gathering) and the Persian word \"khana\" (house, place). It is a term used by some Muslim communities around the world, particularly sufi ones, to denote a place of gathering. Among some communities of Muslims, the term is often used interchangeably with the Arabic word Musallah (a place of worship that has not been formally sanctified as a \"masjid\" or is a place that is being temporarily used as a place of worship by a Muslim). The Nizārī Ismā'īlī community uses the term \"Jama'at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3733921", "score": "0.9631049", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Walayah", "text": "devotion to God. Some traditions state that the verse 7:172 deals with the primordial pact (mithaq) that God has taken for His Lordship and the Walayah to the prophet and the ahl al-Bayt. In the Quran, the term showes a link between faithfulness to God and devotion to the members of the community. Tabatabaei claims that wherever Quran ascribes the guardianship for the prophet, it means authority and devotion. By the verse 5:55, he claims that as the word Walayah once is used for Allah and His messenger and those who have believed, though they are under His Guardianship and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6648732", "score": "0.956082", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Walayah", "text": "translated as a word used to describe a certain group of people selected by God from among millions of others to be “His friends” because of their closeness to God. And thus, a saint, or a friend to God, is thought to have favor in the eyes of the Lord. For an individual to achieve walaya, or sainthood, a person must first become, and remain, a pristine example of a truly religious person, an example for all other Muslims to look up to. Upon these individuals, the peace and blessing of God have been placed. In the Qur'an, walaya is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6648749", "score": "0.9543928", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Community of Jesus", "text": "of the Community of Jesus\" is a written distillation of those values and ideas that best describe the purpose for and practice of the Community of Jesus’ life together. Its content is drawn from and inspired by Scripture, church tradition, the \"Rule of St. Benedict\", and the founding principles and charisms of the Community of Jesus expressed in its founding and in its ongoing evolution. Its purpose is to prescribe a standard of spiritual wisdom for community living, and to be a basic guide for those wishing to commit themselves to the monastic life as it is pursued in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7976010", "score": "0.9534723", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Caliphate", "text": "ruhaniyyah), the main khalifas, who nominate local khalifas to organize zaouias. Sufi caliphates are not necessarily hereditary. Khalifas are aimed to serve the \"silsilah\" in relation to spiritual responsibilities and to propagate the teachings of the tariqa. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is an Islamic revivalist movement founded in 1889 by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, India, who claimed to be the promised Messiah and Mahdi, awaited by Muslims. He also claimed to be a follower-prophet subordinate to Muhammad the prophet of Islam. After his death in 1908, his first successor, Hakeem Noor-ud-Din became the caliph of the community and assumed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3418224", "score": "0.95098144", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ashtiname of Muhammad", "text": "Ashtiname of Muhammad The \"Ashtiname\" of Muhammad, also known as the Covenant or Testament (\"Testamentum\") of Muhammad (the Islamic Prophet), is a document which is a charter or writ allegedly ratified by the Islamic prophet Muhammad granting protection and other privileges to the followers of Jesus the Nazarene, given to the Christian monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery. It is sealed with an imprint representing Muhammad's hand. Āshtīnāmeh () is a Persian word meaning \"Book of Peace\", a Persian term for a treaty and covenant. According to the monks' tradition, Muhammad frequented the monastery and had great relationships and discussions with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6865396", "score": "0.94920754", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Person of faith", "text": "non-denominational or non-specific to any particular religious path. A person of faith is said to belong to a faith community or faith-based community. The term is also criticized by advocates of nontheistic positions for being inaccurate in its assumption of an underlying, unifying commonality between all religious observants - despite stark doctrinal differences and oppositional stances - simply for the purpose of reducing the influence of secular-minded individuals (similar to the term person of color as a catch-all descriptor of non-white persons, or the Islamic description of people of the Book to describe the communities of adherents to Islam, Christianity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187044", "score": "0.947017", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mawlawi (Islamic title)", "text": "Mawlawi (Islamic title) Moulvi (; also spelled Maulvi, Mawlawi, and Mawlvi) is an honorific Islamic religious title given to Muslim religious scholars, or ulama, preceding their names, similar to the titles Mawlānā, Mullah, or Sheikh. Mawlawi generally means a highly qualified Islamic scholar, usually one who has completed full studies in a madrassa (Islamic school) or darul uloom (Islamic seminary). It is commonly used in Iran, Central Asia, South Asia, South East Asia and East Africa. The word Mawlawi is derived from the Arabic word \"mawla\", which has several meanings, including \"lord\". Turkish Mawlawi fraternity of Sufis (Muslim mystics) founded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7575399", "score": "0.9444269", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Emmanuel Community", "text": "Emmanuel Community The Emmanuel Community is a Catholic association of the faithful, of Pontifical right, founded in 1976 by Pierre Goursat and Martine Lafitte-Catta, starting from a prayer group, belonging to the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. The Community consists of members with different states of life (families, singles, priests and celibate brothers and sisters) having the most different professions and trying to live a fraternal life in the world. It sees its aim as to respond to God's call to holiness addressed to each person, mainly through intense personal prayer, Eucharistic adoration, compassion for the spiritually and materially poor and evangelization.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10695856", "score": "0.944219", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ahmadiyya", "text": "The caliph is also referred to by Ahmadi Muslims as Amir al-Mu'minin (Leader of the Faithful). The current and fifth caliph is Mirza Masroor Ahmad. The \"Majlis-ash-Shura\" or the \"Consultative Council\", in terms of importance, is the highest ranking institution within the Community after the Caliphate. It was established in 1922 by the second caliph, Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad. This advisory body meets formally at least once a year. At the international level, the council is presided over by the caliph. Its main purpose is to advise the caliph on important matters such as finance, projects, education and other issues", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14314713", "score": "0.9428858", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Confessional community", "text": "Confessional community A confessional community is a group of people with similar religious beliefs. In the Ottoman Empire, this allowed people to be grouped by religious confession as opposed to nationality or ethnicity, which was more consistent with the existing social structure. People were able to represent themselves more effectively as a group than as individuals. With the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire and after the Ottoman Tanzimat (1839–76) reforms, the term \"Millet\" was used for legally protected ethno-religious minority groups, similar to the way other countries used the word nation. The Lebanese Constitution is based on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8036596", "score": "0.942499", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Community of the Beatitudes", "text": "1 January 1985, the community was recognised by the same archbishop as a \"private association of faithful of diocesan right\". On 8 December 2002, it was established as an \"international private association of the faithful\" of pontifical right by the Pontifical Council for the Laity of the Holy See, and its statutes were approved on an experimental basis for five years. A general moderator was placed at the head of the community. In December 2007, the community announced that the Pontifical Council had extended the provisional for a period of two years during which there was to be a clarification", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13684010", "score": "0.9396168", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "People of the Book", "text": "People of the Book People of the Book/Scripture ( ′Ahl al-Kitāb) is an Islamic term referring to Jews, Christians, and Sabians and sometimes applied to members of other religions such as Zoroastrians. It is also used in Judaism to refer to the Jewish people and by members of some Christian denominations to refer to themselves. The Quran uses the term in reference to Jews, Christians and Sabians in a variety of contexts, from religious polemics to passages emphasizing community of faith between those who possess monotheistic scriptures. The term was later extended to other religious communities that fell under Muslim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "633753", "score": "0.93759584", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Order of the Companions of Martha and Mary", "text": "Arabic word for 'mother'. The community left Mellor in the summer of 2016 and relocated to St Joseph's House of Prayer, in Tunstall, Lancashire (near Kirkby Lonsdale), a tiny community with a population of only slightly more than 100 people. They offer a series of organised retreats and spiritual exercises, and also hospitality for private retreat. Although the Orders are separate and independent of each other, the Order of the Companions of Martha and Mary has a special link with the Society of the Sisters of Bethany (SSB), an Augustinian religious community of sisters based in Southsea. Order of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18989341", "score": "0.9348477", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Sufism", "text": "They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (madrassas), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes. The term \"Tariqa\" is used for a school or order of Sufism, or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking ḥaqīqah (ultimate truth). A tariqa has a murshid (guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as \"murīdīn\" (singular \"murīd\"), meaning \"desirous\", viz. \"desiring the knowledge of knowing God and loving God\". The Bektashi Order", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "380019", "score": "0.9325414", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Shia Islam", "text": "influential group among Shia. The word \"Shia\" ( ' ) means followers and is the short form of the historic phrase ' ( ), meaning \"followers of Ali\", \"faction of Ali\", or \"party of Ali\". \"Shi'a\" and \"Shiism\" are the forms used in English, while \"Shi'ite\" or \"Shiite\", as well as \"Shia\", refer to its adherents. The term for the first time was used at the time of Muhammad. At present, the word refers to the Muslims who believe that the leadership of the community after Muhammad belongs to Ali and his successors. Nawbakhti states that the term Shia refers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "358810", "score": "0.9324054", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Mumin", "text": "Mumin Mumin or Momin ( \"mū‘min\"; feminine مؤمنة \"mū‘mina\") is an Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, meaning \"believer\". It denotes a person who has complete submission to the Will of Allah and has faith firmly established in his heart, i.e. a \"faithful Muslim\". Also, it is used as a name and one of the names of God in Islam. The Quran states: (An-Nisa ) O you who believe! Believe in Allah, and His Messenger (Muhammad), and the Book (the Quran) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which He sent down to those", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5776702", "score": "0.93126804", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "The manga begins in 2001", "2001" ]

[ { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "was officially announced in October 2013 in the November 2013 issue of \"Ultra Jump\" and the fifth \"tankōbon\" volume of \"JoJolion\". It was broadcast on Tokyo MX in two parts for a total of 48 episodes; the first from April 4 to September 12, 2014, and the second from January 9 to June 19, 2015. At the \"Last Crusaders\" event for \"Stardust Crusaders\", an adaptation of \"Diamond Is Unbreakable\" was announced. It premiered on April 1, 2016 and ended on December 23, 2016. An OVA adapting the \"Thus Spoke Rohan Kishibe\" manga spin-offs will be made available to those in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315980", "score": "1.0395811", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Hirohiko Araki", "text": "of \"JoJo\" follow the descendants of the Joestar family, and many are set in different parts of the world. Part 3, which would become the most popular part in the series, downplays the vampire story and hamon technique and instead introduces the power of Stands, which continues in the series today. Still being serialized over 30 years later, \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\" has been adapted into numerous other forms of media and the manga had 100 million collected volumes in print by December 2016. The September 2007 issue of \"Cell\" had a cover drawn by Araki with a ligase represented as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4984959", "score": "1.0253571", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (2012 TV series)", "text": "the series. The second season, titled \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders\", adapts the series third story arc, \"Stardust Crusaders\". Set in 1987, the story follows Joseph's grandson, Jotaro Kujo, and his companions as they seek to defeat DIO, who has placed a curse on his mother, using special abilities known as Stands. The series is split into two halves, each lasting 24 episodes. The first half aired in Japan between April 4, 2014 and September 12, 2014, while the second half, subtitled \"Battle in Egypt\", aired between January 9, 2015 and June 19, 2015. For the first half, the opening", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17962272", "score": "1.0211852", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "a different descendant of the Joestar family. During Part 5, which takes place in Italy, the series' title was occasionally written in Italian as \"Le Bizzarre Avventure di GioGio\". After volume 63, each parts' \"tankōbon\" have started the number count back at one; see \"Stone Ocean\", \"Steel Ball Run\" and \"JoJolion\". The series was switched to the magazine \"Ultra Jump\" in 2005, during \"Steel Ball Run\", with the chapters now published monthly. \"JoJolion\", the current arc, began on May 19, 2011. A \"sōshūhen\" edition that aims to recreate the manga as it was originally serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315970", "score": "1.0053575", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "announced that Otsuichi would be writing a novel based on Part 4. The novel proved difficult to complete; in \"Kono Mystery ga Sugoi!\" 2004, Otsuichi claimed to have written over 2000 pages, but thrown them all out. Intent on writing a novel that lived up to the manga, it took him until 2007 to complete \"The Book: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure 4th Another Day\". In April 2011, it was announced that Nisio Isin, Kouhei Kadono, and Ōtarō Maijō were each writing novel adaptations of \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\" in celebration of the series' 25th anniversary. Kadono's, titled , was released on September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315983", "score": "0.9991828", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven", "text": "the game's upcoming playable appearance at the 2015 Tokyo Game Show. In addition, it was also announced that players who buy the first printing of the game would receive a limited-available code that allows them to play as Jotaro Kujo in his Part 4 incarnation (unavailable for use in either the game's Story Mode or in a Tag Team match paired with his Part 3 counterpart). Lastly, the game's release date of December 17, 2015 was revealed. The third trailer of \"Eyes of Heaven\" was revealed on September 20, 2015, during a special \"JoJo\" conference, along with several gameplay demonstrations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18475557", "score": "0.9972972", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders", "text": "to consume her in 50 days. Meanwhile, DIO has commissioned a number of assassins with various types of deadly Stands to destroy them before they can reach him. See List of Stardust Crusaders Characters and more detailed . Although teased at in the post-credit scenes of the first season's finale, the second season of the \"JoJo\" anime was officially announced in October 2013 in the November 2013 issue of \"Ultra Jump\" and the fifth tankōbon volume of \"JoJolion\". David Production revealed that as with the different art styles they used for the first season, which covered the \"Phantom Blood\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17953118", "score": "0.9947154", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Raw (TV series)", "text": "to take him home. Jojo argues with her mother over Shane's decision making and how she makes her feel. Jojo's mother becomes upset and reveals she has breast cancer and is scheduled for a lumpectomy but refuses to tell her husband or Shane. Jojo confides in Dylan after her mother goes to hospital earlier than expected and Fiona meets her sister Kate and refuses to have anything to do with her. Raw is being reviewed in an up-class magazine and Geoff is given a well-presented profile article. The photographer at Raw captures a young girl's violent reaction to a nut", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12146586", "score": "0.98923796", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "16, 2011, and is based on Part 5. Isin's was released on December 16, 2011, based on Part 3 and titled \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Over Heaven\". Maijō's novel, \"Jorge Joestar\", was revealed in July and released on September 19, 2012. It tells the story of George Joestar II, son of Jonathan and father of Joseph, in his childhood growing up on La Palma where he is known as \"Jorge Joestar\" as well as an alternate version living in Japan named \"Joji Joestar\" investigating mysteries behind the appearance of a moving island. It features characters from and inspired by nearly every", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315984", "score": "0.98468566", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Vento Aureo", "text": "The manga begins in 2001, when the Diamond Is Unbreakable character Koichi Hirose goes to Naples at the request of Jotaro Kujo to find someone known as Haruno Shiobana and get a skin sample of theirs. Shiobana turns out to be a middle school student named Giorno Giovanna—which sounds similar to \"Haruno Shiobana\"—who is the son of Dio Brando. Giorno attempts to steal Koichi's luggage, but is stopped by Koichi's Stand, Echoes Act Three. Giorno recognized his power as being a Stand power similar to his Gold Experience, a Stand that can give life to inanimate objects. The story then", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "JoJolion", "text": "be published in a \"tankōbon\" volume. They were serialized in \"Ultra Jump\" in the October 2018 through January 2019 issues. JoJolion Set in the same continuity as \"Steel Ball Run\", was devastated by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. In the aftermath, strange structures are known colloquially as the Wall Eyes (壁の目 Kabe no Me) appear all over the town of Morioh (杜王町 Moriō-chō), with the ground beneath them having the strange property of swapping traits of whatever two objects are buried there. When a local college student named Yasuho Hirose finds a mysterious youth buried under one of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16903609", "score": "0.9809342", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "lineage. Having originally planned the series as a trilogy, Araki thought to have the final confrontation set in present-day Japan. But he did not want it to be a tournament affair, which was popular in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" at the time, and therefore decided to make Part 3 a \"road movie\" inspired by \"Around the World in Eighty Days\". With Part 4, Araki said that he moved away from \"muscle men\" as they fell out of popularity with readers and he wanted to focus more on fashion. When designing his characters' outfits, Araki considers both everyday fashion and \"cartoonish, bizarre", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315966", "score": "0.9783089", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Stone Ocean", "text": "Stone Ocean Set near Port St. Lucie, Florida, the story follows Jotaro Kujo's daughter, Jolyne Cujoh, who is framed for a murder and ends up in Green Dolphin Street Jail. However, an amulet from her father allows her to unlock her Stand. Jotaro soon comes to visit her and informs her that a disciple of DIO's framed her so that he could kill her in prison, and urges her to escape. This plan goes awry when a Stand named Whitesnake uses its power to remove Jotaro's Stand and memories, in the form of discs. Jotaro sinks into a deathlike state,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9747003", "score": "0.97815037", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Raw (TV series)", "text": "Jojo is in freefall. Can anyone catch her before she hits the bottom? Now Jojo's been fired she attempts to make amends for her attitude at RAW. Geoff accepts her apology and offers her a chance to start over. Are Shane and Kate going to be able to work together now Shane knows about her deceit? Geoff and Pavel plan to leave Ireland and RAW and set up a restaurant in Prague, leaving Jojo in charge with Pip as her second. Pavel's recent fall has devastating consequences for the couple's future plans. The episode ends on a cliff-hanger but sadly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12146595", "score": "0.97630686", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven", "text": "own daughter Jolyne Kujo, while Jonathan and Josuke meet their alternate universe counterparts, the jockey Johnny Joestar and the John Doe only known as \"Josuke Higashikata\", respectively. Once all JoJos finish their tasks, they gather the Corpse Parts they have, but notice one is missing. Suddenly, the Joestars are all transported before a DIO with a powered-up The World stand dubbed \"The World Over Heaven\" who easily repels their attacks and uses his Corpse's part to draw all the others to him. Before DIO can eliminate them, however, they manage to escape, as DIO realizes Jotaro managed to keep a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18475546", "score": "0.9762938", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "release. The first volume was released on November 8, 2005, and the last on December 7, 2010. Viz's release changed the names of several characters due to copyright concerns and included some censorship, with scenes of animal violence redrawn by Araki himself. \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\" has also seen domestic releases in Italy by Star Comics, starting in 1993, in France by J'ai Lu and Tonkam, Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing, and in Malaysia by Comics House. In 2013, Viz revealed that they planned to release the third part digitally and expressed interest in further material of the series, however, they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315973", "score": "0.9750999", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "began publishing the series from the beginning in 2015. \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\" tells the story of the Joestar family, a family whose various members discover they are destined to take down supernatural foes using unique powers that they possess. The manga is split up into 8 unique parts, each following the story of one member of the Joestar family, who inevitably has a name that can be abbreviated to the titular \"JoJo\". The first six parts of the series take place within a single continuity, while parts 7 and 8 take place in an alternate continuity. For \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315962", "score": "0.9743419", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "clothing that would be impractical in real life.\" For Part 6, Araki wrote a female protagonist for the first time which he found complicated, but also interesting due to the humanity she could possess. He later described Part 2's much earlier supporting character Lisa Lisa as fresh and \"unheard of\" in both manga and society in general for its time, and said it was exciting to challenge people's expectations with the female warrior-type. Having not specifically set out on creating a disabled character, Araki explained that Part 7's paraplegic Johnny Joestar was a natural result of wanting to show a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315967", "score": "0.97206306", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "to commemorate the 25th anniversary of creator Hirohiko Araki's career as a manga artist. At a July 5, 2012 press conference celebrating the 25th anniversary of the series and promoting an upcoming Hirohiko Araki art exhibition, Araki and his people announced that an anime adaptation of \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\" was in production and would premiere in October 2012. The 26-episode first season, which covers both the \"Phantom Blood\" and \"Battle Tendency\" arcs, aired on Tokyo MX between October 5, 2012 and April 5, 2013. Although teased at in the post-credit scenes of the finale, the second season of the anime", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315979", "score": "0.96635866", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders", "text": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders The series aired for 48 episodes, split into two parts consisting of 24 episodes each. The first part aired on Tokyo MX between April 4, 2014, and September 12, 2014, also syndicated on MBS, Animax, and other channels. The second part, subtitled , aired between January 9, 2015 and June 19, 2015. The series was simulcast outside of Asia on Crunchyroll's streaming services. A preview of the English language dub of the first three episodes was streamed on Crunchyroll on July 5, 2014, tying in with its premiere at Anime Expo 2014. The English dub", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17953116", "score": "0.96498847", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable Chapter I", "text": "the creature to be his father whose condition is the result of being a follower of Dio Brando, explaining that he has been creating Stand Users in the hopes that one of them might be able to end his father's suffering. Josuke, deducing that Mr. Nijimura has not completely lost his sense of self by repairing a family photograph that he was looking for, offers to help the Nijimura brothers restore their father's humanity despite Keicho being hesitant to hand the bow and arrow to him. But the group are suddenly attacked by another Stand, with Keicho sacrificing himself to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20128595", "score": "0.9514246", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "part of \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\". From 1992 to 1993, a drama CD adaptation of Part 3 was released in three volumes, titled , and . They starred Kiyoyuki Yanada as Jotaro, Kenji Utsumi (volumes 1 & 3) and Gorō Naya (volume 2) as Joseph Joestar, Akio Ōtsuka as Avdol, Shō Hayami as Kakyoin, Ken Yamaguchi as Polnareff, Keiichi Nanba as Hol Horse, Shigeru Chiba as J. Geil, and Norio Wakamoto as DIO. Araki has released multiple books containing original artwork he has produced for \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\". \"JoJo6251\" was released in 1993 and features artwork, story details, and behind the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315985", "score": "0.9496798", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "latter was previously available on Gucci's Facebook page. Again, Araki's artwork was featured in Gucci's storefront displays around the world. There were several art exhibitions in 2012 in Japan for the manga's 25th anniversary. The first was in Araki's birthplace of Sendai, which included a Lawson store remodeled to look like the \"Owson\" store that appears in \"Diamond Is Unbreakable\" and \"JoJolion\". The store was opened from July 28 to September 30, and contained exclusive goods with the Owson name. The second exhibition was held in Tokyo from October 6 to November 4 and hangouts were held on Google Plus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315999", "score": "0.9472985", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable Chapter I", "text": "protect Okuyasu. Josuke later meets again with Jotaro, swearing to continue his grandfather's work of protecting Morioh as Koichi and Okuyasu proceed to support him. In a mid credits scene, a house is shown with a paper bag on a table, containing a severed hand inside. In the clutch of the severed hand is an arrow. This is a reference to the antagonist of the manga adaptation, Yoshikage Kira. In 2016, it was announced that Toho and Warner Bros. were partnering to produce a live-action film based on the fourth arc of \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\" for release sometime in summer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20128596", "score": "0.9401164", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "JoJolion", "text": "fire. In the confusion of the fight, Poor Tom is killed by assassins disguised as ambulance drivers, and Rai and Josuke mistakenly believe them to have taken the Rokakaka branch. In reality, Jobin used his son's Stand to mislead them. By chance, Yasuho and Jobin's wife Mitsuba happen to be in the hospital where the ambulance went for unrelated illnesses. Yasuho notices Mitsuba in a wheelchair, with her feet turned to stone. She spots the doctor's name on an office sign and uses her Stand to research him, revealing that he is one of the two assailants that killed Poor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16903604", "score": "0.9400947", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure", "text": "For every part, Araki stated that he wanted to try a different type of main character. For example, whereas Part 1's Jonathan Joestar was a serious person, Part 2's Joseph Joestar was a rude person. Although their personalities are different, the two share a physical resemblance in order to have some continuity because it was unheard of at the time for a main character to die in a \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" series. Araki's consistent focus on the Joestar family was intended to give a feeling of pride as well as due to the wonder and mystery there is on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1315965", "score": "0.9386319", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (2012 TV series)", "text": "1-9 covering the \"Phantom Blood\" arc, and episodes 10-26 covering the \"Battle Tendency\" arc. The first part follows a young man named Jonathan Joestar who becomes involved in a battle against Dio Brando, who uses the power of a mysterious Stone Mask to become a vampire. The second part takes place fifty years later as Jonathan's grandson, Joseph Joestar, faces up against the Stone Mask's creators, the Pillar Men. The opening theme for the \"Phantom Blood\" arc is by Hiroaki \"Tommy\" Tominaga, while the opening theme for the \"Battle Tendency\" arc is \"Bloody Stream\" by Coda. The ending theme for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17962270", "score": "0.93705785", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven", "text": "are restored and Jotaro returns to meeting Joseph and a fully healed Polnareff. However, it's revealed a new timeline was formed in which his allies were able to prevent their deaths in the previous timeline, and, during the credits, a photo montage shows this extends to the entire JoJo universe as a result of the new timeline. In an after-credits scene, eleven years after the events of the game, Koichi Hirose encounters an older Jotaro arriving in Morioh along with a young Jolyne whom he decided to bring along, who asks him about the whereabouts of Josuke Higashikata. \"Eyes of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18475550", "score": "0.93696415", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (2012 TV series)", "text": "2013. In the United States, it aired on Adult Swim's Toonami programming block starting on October 15, 2016. A second season covering the third part, \"Stardust Crusaders\", was divided in two parts, the first aired between April 4, 2014 and September 12, 2014, and the second between January 9, 2015 and June 19, 2015. A third season covering the fourth part, \"Diamond Is Unbreakable\", aired from April 1, 2016 to December 23, 2016, and a fourth season covering the fifth part, \"Golden Wind\", started airing on October 5, 2018. The series is distributed in North America by Warner Home Video", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17962268", "score": "0.9355063", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Hirohiko Araki", "text": "\"The Gorgeous Irene\" in 1985, that he really developed his signature art style of buff, muscular characters (it would later become more flamboyant). His next series would become his magnum opus, 1986's \"JoJo's Bizarre Adventure\". The series begins in 1880s England and follows Jonathan Joestar (JoJo) and his adopted brother Dio Brando, who eventually tries to kill their father in order to obtain his share of inheritance. When confronted, Dio puts on an ancient mask that turns him into a vampire. JoJo then learns a martial arts technique called \"hamon\", and travels to Dio's castle to kill him. Subsequent arcs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4984958", "score": "0.9354608", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "class Cephalopoda" ]

[ { "title": "Octopus", "text": "a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight, and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates. Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the seabed; some live in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths. Most species grow fast, mature early and are short-lived. During breeding, the male uses a specially adapted arm to deliver a bundle of sperm directly into the female's mantle cavity, after which he becomes senescent and dies. The female deposits fertilised eggs in a den and cares for them", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304716", "score": "1.0122163", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "of octopuses in extreme cases. Cephalopods have existed for 500 million years and octopus ancestors were in the Carboniferous seas 300 million years ago. The oldest known octopus fossil is \"Pohlsepia\", which lived 296 million years ago. Researchers have identified impressions of eight arms, two eyes, and possibly an ink sac. Octopuses are mostly soft tissue, and so fossils are relatively rare. Octopuses, squids and cuttlefish belong to the clade Coleoidea. They are known as \"soft-bodied\" cephalopods, lacking the external shell of most molluscs and other cephalopods like the Nautiloids and the extinct Ammonoidea. Octopuses have eight limbs like other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304766", "score": "0.99554014", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness", "text": "of the animals gather. Octopuses are, he notes, inquisitive, observant, even friendly, but the architecture of their nervous systems is entirely different from the vertebrate plan. The octopus's intelligence is distributed throughout its body: there are almost twice as many nerve cells in their eight muscular arms as in their brain. Intelligence is, Godfrey-Smith argues, predicated upon the \"complex active bodies\". Three groups of bilaterian animals with that kind of body plan evolved in the Cambrian period, some 500 million years ago: the arthropods (such as crabs and insects), the vertebrates, and within the molluscs, the cephalopods. Godfrey-Smith disagrees with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20657412", "score": "0.99158466", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Plural form of words ending in -us", "text": "all fields, found \"octopods\", \"octopi\", and \"octopodes\" all stayed the same, but \"octopuses\" increased to 1054 papers. Indicating \"octopuses\" is the most preferred in the scientific record, whereas \"octopodes\" is never used. \"Fowler's Modern English Usage\" states that \"the only acceptable plural in English is \"octopuses,\"\" and that \"octopi\" is misconceived and \"octopodes\" pedantic. The term \"octopod\" (plural \"octopods\" or \"octopodes\") is taken from the taxonomic order Octopoda but has no classical equivalent. The collective form \"octopus\" is usually reserved for animals consumed for food. The situation with the word \"platypus\" is similar to that of \"octopus\"; the word is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2702101", "score": "0.9907502", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "a webbed structure. The arms can be described based on side and sequence position (such as L1, R1, L2, R2) and divided into four pairs. The two rear appendages are generally used to walk on the sea floor, while the other six are used to forage for food; hence some biologists refer to the animals has having six \"arms\" and two \"legs\". The bulbous and hollow mantle is fused to the back of the head and is known as the visceral hump; it contains most of the vital organs. The mantle cavity has muscular walls and contains the gills; it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304722", "score": "0.9897303", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "is connected to the exterior by a funnel or siphon. The mouth of an octopus, located underneath the arms, has a sharp hard beak. The skin consists of a thin outer epidermis with mucous cells and sensory cells, and a connective tissue dermis consisting largely of collagen fibres and various cells allowing colour change. Most of the body is made of soft tissue allowing it to lengthen, contract, and contort itself. The octopus can squeeze through tiny gaps; even the larger species can pass through an opening close to in diameter. Lacking skeletal support, the arms work as muscular hydrostats", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304723", "score": "0.97411656", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "\"Haliphron atlanticus\", weighed 61 kg (134 lb) and was estimated to have had a live mass of 75 kg (165 lb). The smallest species is \"Octopus wolfi\", which is around and weighs less than . The octopus is bilaterally symmetrical along its dorso-ventral axis; the head and foot are at one end of an elongated body and function as the anterior (front) of the animal. The head includes the mouth and brain. The foot has evolved into a set of flexible, prehensile appendages, known as \"arms\", that surround the mouth and are attached to each other near their base by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304721", "score": "0.9700198", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "live in every ocean, and different species have adapted to different marine habitats. As juveniles, common octopuses inhabit shallow tide pools. The Hawaiian day octopus (\"Octopus cyanea\") lives on coral reefs; argonauts drift in pelagic waters. \"Abdopus aculeatus\" mostly lives in near-shore seagrass beds. Some species are adapted to the cold, ocean depths. The spoon-armed octopus (\"Bathypolypus arcticus\") is found in abyssal plains at depths of , and \"Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis\" lives near hydrothermal vents at . The cirrate species are often free-swimming and live in deep-water habitats. No species are known to live in fresh water. Most species are solitary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304747", "score": "0.9677931", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "\"Eledone moschata\" and deep sea octopuses – do not have a paralarval stage, but hatch as benthic animals similar to the adults. In the argonaut (paper nautilus), the female secretes a fine, fluted, papery shell in which the eggs are deposited and in which she also resides while floating in mid-ocean. In this she broods the young, and it also serves as a buoyancy aid allowing her to adjust her depth. The male argonaut is minute by comparison and has no shell. Octopuses have a relatively short life expectancy; some species live for as little as six months. The giant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304745", "score": "0.9607804", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "The octopus (/ˈɒktəpəs/ or ~/pʊs/) is a soft-bodied, eight-armed mollusc of the order Octopoda. Around 300 species are recognised and the order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak, with its mouth at the centre point of the arms (which are sometimes mistakenly called \"tentacles\"). The soft body can rapidly alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their eight arms behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "They are not known to be migratory. Octopuses bring captured prey back to the den where they can eat it safely. Sometimes the octopus catches more prey than it can eat, and the den is often surrounded by a midden of dead and uneaten food items. Other creatures, such as fish, crabs, molluscs and echinoderms, often share the den with the octopus, either because they have arrived as scavengers, or because they have survived capture. Nearly all octopuses are predatory; bottom-dwelling octopuses eat mainly crustaceans, polychaete worms, and other molluscs such as whelks and clams; open-ocean octopuses eat mainly prawns,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304749", "score": "0.953863", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "live in shallow water have evolved more complex skin than their nocturnal and deep-sea counterparts. A \"moving rock\" trick involves the octopus mimicking a rock and them inching across the open space in a speed matching the movement of in the surrounding water, allowing it to move in plain sight of a predator. Aside from humans, octopuses may be preyed on by fishes, seabirds, sea otters, pinnipeds, cetaceans, and other cephalopods. Octopuses typically hide or disguise themselves by camouflage and mimicry; some have conspicuous warning coloration (aposematism) or deimatic behaviour. An octopus may spend 40% of its time hidden away", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304761", "score": "0.953249", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Argonaut (animal)", "text": "animal captures at the surface of the water and uses for buoyancy, similarly to other shelled cephalopods, although it does not have a chambered phragmocone as do other shelled cephalopods. Once thought to contribute to occasional mass strandings on beaches, the air bubble is under sophisticated control, evident from the behaviour of animals from which air has been removed under experimental diving conditions. Most other octopuses lay eggs in caves; Neale Monks and C. Phil Palmer speculate that, before ammonites died out during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the argonauts may have evolved to use discarded ammonite shells for their egg", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3080247", "score": "0.94949305", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness", "text": "underwater by Godfrey-Smith. He acknowledges the influence of Daniel Dennett's philosophy. Godfrey-Smith's premise in this book is the fact that intelligence has evolved separately in two groups of animals: in cephalopods like octopuses and cuttlefish, and in vertebrates like birds and humans. He notes that studying cephalopods is \"probably the closest we will come to meeting an intelligent alien\", but that \"the minds of cephalopods are the most other of all.\" He describes many encounters with octopuses in the book, as he dives in the shallow waters off Australia, especially in a favoured place that he names \"Octopolis\" where many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20657411", "score": "0.9436408", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Animal consciousness", "text": "memory. Octopus have a highly complex nervous system, only part of which is localized in their brain. Two-thirds of an octopus' neurons are found in the nerve cords of their arms. Octopus arms show a variety of complex reflex actions that persist even when they have no input from the brain. Unlike vertebrates, the complex motor skills of octopuses are not organized in their brain using an internal somatotopic map of their body, instead using a non-somatotopic system unique to large-brained invertebrates. Some octopuses, such as the mimic octopus, move their arms in ways that emulate the shape and movements", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10820488", "score": "0.94171405", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Common octopus", "text": "Water moves slowly in one direction over the gills and lamellae, into the mantle cavity and out of the octopus' funnel. The structure of the octopus' gills allows for a high amount of oxygen uptake; up to 65% in water at 20⁰C. The thin skin of the octopus accounts for a large portion of in-vitro oxygen uptake; estimates suggest around 41% of all oxygen absorption is through the skin when at rest. This number is affected by the activity of the animal – the oxygen uptake increases when the octopus is exercising due to its entire body being constantly exposed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9906389", "score": "0.93683445", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Argonaut (animal)", "text": "Argonaut (animal) The argonauts (genus Argonauta, the only extant genus in the family Argonautidae) are a group of pelagic octopuses. They are also called paper nautiluses, referring to the paper-thin eggcase that females secrete. This structure lacks the gas-filled chambers present in chambered nautilus shells and is not a true cephalopod shell, but rather an evolutionary innovation unique to the genus \"Argonauta\". It is used as a brood chamber and for trapped surface air to maintain buoyancy. It was once speculated that the argonauts did not manufacture their own eggcases but instead utilized shells abandoned by other organisms, in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3080241", "score": "0.93264675", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Common octopus", "text": "which states that the concentration of a gas in a substance is proportional to pressure and solubility, which is influenced by temperature. These various discrepancies in oxygen availability introduce a requirement for regulation methods. Primarily, the octopus situates itself in a shelter where a minimal amount of its body is presented to the external water, which would pose a problem for an organism which breathes solely through its skin. When it does move, most of the time it is along the ocean or sea floor, in which case the underside of the octopus is still obscured. This crawling increases metabolic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9906386", "score": "0.9281399", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Terrestrial locomotion", "text": "fish, such as the mudskipper, which drag themselves across land on their sturdy fins. Among the invertebrates, most arthropods – which includes the most diverse group of animals, the insects – have a stance best described as sprawling. There is also anecdotal evidence that some octopus species (such as the genus \"Pinnoctopus\") can also drag themselves across land a short distance by hauling their body along by their tentacles (for example to pursue prey between rockpools) – there may be video evidence of this. The semi-erect posture is more accurately interpreted as an extremely elevated sprawling posture. This mode of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7130259", "score": "0.9260789", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness", "text": "Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness Other Minds is a 2016 bestseller by Peter Godfrey-Smith on the evolution and nature of consciousness. It compares the situation in cephalopods, especially the octopus and the cuttlefish, with that in mammals and birds. Complex active bodies that enable and perhaps require a measure of intelligence have evolved three times, in arthropods, cephalopods, and vertebrates. The book reflects on the nature of cephalopod intelligence in particular, constrained by their short lifespan, and embodied in large part in their partly autonomous arms which contain more nerve cells than their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20657409", "score": "0.9258418", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Octopus (ride)", "text": "Octopus (ride) The Octopus is a type of amusement ride in the shape of an octopus. Five to eight arms attached to a central axis spin and move up and down in random, while cars at the end of the arms, either attached directly to the arm or fixed on spinning crosses, spin freely or stay in place, depending on the exactly type of ride. Each Octopus ride has the arms attached the middle of the ride. The middle of the ride will move somehow (Octopus head, Spider cylinder object, and so on). Most octopus rides require guests to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8232320", "score": "0.9257393", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "remain sensitive to stimuli and move away from unpleasant sensations. Octopuses can replace lost limbs. Some octopuses, such as the mimic octopus, can combine their highly flexible bodies with their colour-changing ability to mimic other, more dangerous animals, such as lionfish, sea snakes, and eels. The diseases and parasites that affect octopuses have been little studied, but cephalopods are known to be the intermediate or final hosts of various parasitic cestodes, nematodes and copepods; 150 species of protistan and metazoan parasites have been recognised. The Dicyemidae are a family of tiny worms that are found in the renal appendages of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304764", "score": "0.9249494", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Octopus", "text": "Ian Fleming's \"Octopussy\". Octopuses appear in Japanese erotic art, \"shunga\". They are eaten and considered a delicacy by humans in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas. The scientific Latin term \"octopus\" was derived from Ancient Greek ὀκτώπους, a compound form of ὀκτώ (\"oktō\", \"eight\") and πούς (\"pous\", \"foot\"), itself a variant form of ὀκτάπους, a word used for example by Alexander of Tralles (c. 525–605) for the common octopus. The standard pluralised form of \"octopus\" in English is \"octopuses\"; the Ancient Greek plural ὀκτώποδες, \"octopodes\" (), has also been used historically. The alternative plural", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "304718", "score": "0.923103", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Common octopus", "text": "any rapid movement. The octopus is, however, able to control how much oxygen it pulls out of the water with each breath using receptors on its gills, allowing it to keep its oxygen uptake constant over a range of oxygen pressures in the surrounding water. Octopuses use hemocyanin as their respiratory pigment, which binds oxygen through copper rather than the iron used by our own hemoglobin. Blood volume in the octopus' body is about 3.5% of its body weight but the blood's oxygen carrying capacity is only about 4 volume percent. This contributes to their susceptibility to the oxygen debt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9906399", "score": "0.91916215", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Anti-predator adaptation", "text": "skin color, skin pattern and body motion. When a damselfish attacks an octopus, the octopus mimics a banded sea-snake. The model chosen varies with the octopus's predator and habitat. Most of these octopuses use Batesian mimicry, selecting an organism repulsive to predators as a model. In Müllerian mimicry, two or more aposematic forms share the same warning signals, as in viceroy and monarch butterflies. Birds avoid eating both species because their wing patterns honestly signal their unpleasant taste. Many animals are protected against predators with armour in the form of hard shells (such as most molluscs), leathery or scaly skin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4247797", "score": "0.916981", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Common octopus", "text": "liter, salinity throughout their global habitat is found to be between roughly 30 and 45 grams of salt per liter of water. They are exposed to a wide variety of temperatures in their environments, however their preferred temperature ranges from about 15 °C to 16 °C. In especially warm seasons, the octopus can often be found deeper than usual in order to escape the warmer layers of water. In moving vertically throughout the water, the octopus is subjected to various pressures and temperatures which affect the concentration of oxygen available in the water. This can be understood through Henry's Law,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9906385", "score": "0.91536176", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Plural form of words ending in -us", "text": "\"Chambers 21st Century Dictionary\" and the \"Compact Oxford Dictionary\" list only \"octopuses\", although the latter notes that \"octopodes\" is \"still occasionally used\"; the British National Corpus has 29 instances of \"octopuses\", 11 of \"octopi\" and 4 of \"octopodes\". \"Merriam-Webster 11th Collegiate Dictionary\" lists \"octopuses\" and \"octopi\", in that order; \"Webster's New World College Dictionary\" lists \"octopuses\", \"octopi\" and \"octopodes\" (in that order). A search on PubMed for titles or abstracts of peer-reviewed scientific papers found \"octopuses\" in 176 papers, \"octopi\" in 15 papers, and no records for \"octopodes\". However, \"octopods\" was found in 53 papers. When expanding the search to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2702100", "score": "0.91520345", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Common octopus", "text": "mentioned before. Shadwick and Nilsson concluded that the octopus circulatory system is \"fundamentally unsuitable for high physiologic performance\". Like those of vertebrates, octopus blood vessels are very elastic with a resilience of 70% at physiologic pressures. They are primarily made of an elastic fibre called octopus arterial elastomer, with stiffer collagen fibres recruited at high pressure to help the vessel maintain its shape without over-stretching. Shadwick and Nilsson theorized that all octopus blood vessels may use smooth muscle contractions to help move blood through the body, which would make sense in the context of them living under water with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9906400", "score": "0.9138912", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Umbrella octopus", "text": "Umbrella octopus Umbrella octopuses (family Opisthoteuthidae) are a group of pelagic octopuses. Umbrella octopuses are characterized by a web of skin between the tentacles, causing them to somewhat resemble an opened umbrella when the tentacles are spread. Opisthoteuthidae are a group of octopuses characterized by a web of skin in between their tentacles. They have a U or W shaped shell that holds the mantle and connects to their tentacles at the bottom. This structure makes the umbrella octopus resemble an umbrella when they spread their tentacles/web out. The structure of the umbrella octopus has the oral surface below the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3080137", "score": "0.9128822", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Common octopus", "text": "the octopus swims to a warmer locale, it will gain heat from the surrounding water, and if it swims to colder surroundings it will lose heat in a similar fashion. \"Octopus vulgaris\" can apply behavioral changes in order to manage wide varieties of environmental temperatures. Respiration rate in octopods is temperature sensitive – respiration increases with temperature. The oxygen consumption of \"Octopus vulgaris\" increases when in water temperatures between 16–28 °C, reaches a maximum at 28 °C, and then begins to drop at 32 °C. The optimum temperature for metabolism and oxygen consumption is between 18–24 °C. Variations in temperature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9906414", "score": "0.90912205", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "September 6, 2019", "September 8, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "It (2017 film)", "text": "the plan is to get production underway for the sequel to \"It\" next spring, adding, \"We'll probably have a script for the second part in January [2018]. Ideally, we would start prep in March. Part one is only about the kids. Part two is about these characters 30 years later as adults, with flashbacks to 1989 when they were kids.\" On July 21, 2017, Muschietti spoke of looking forward to having a dialogue in the second film that does not exist within the first, stating, \"... it seems like we're going to do it. It's the second half, it's not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19485811", "score": "0.92537737", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "It – Chapter Two", "text": "It – Chapter Two It: Chapter Two is an upcoming American supernatural horror film and the sequel to the 2017 film \"It\". Both parts were adapted from the 1986 novel \"It\" by Stephen King. The second part is directed by Andy Muschietti and written by Gary Dauberman. Set in 2016, 27 years after the events of 1989 described in the first film, the film stars Bill Skarsgård, who reprises his role as Pennywise. James McAvoy, Jessica Chastain, Jay Ryan, Bill Hader, Isaiah Mustafa, James Ransone, and Andy Bean portray the adult versions of The Losers Club, while Jaeden Lieberher, Sophia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19555339", "score": "0.89324534", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "It (miniseries)", "text": "It (miniseries) It (also known as Stephen King's It) is a 1990 American supernatural thriller horror drama miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from Stephen King's 1986 novel of the same name. It is the first of two adaptations of the novel; the second being the 2017 film adaptation and its upcoming 2019 sequel. The story revolves around a predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to exploit the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the human form of a sadistic, wisecracking clown called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18743852", "score": "0.87673855", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "It (1927 film)", "text": "It (1927 film) \"It\" is a 1927 silent romantic comedy film that tells the story of a shop girl who sets her sights on the handsome, wealthy boss of the department store where she works. It is based on a novella by Elinor Glyn that was originally serialized in \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine. This film turned actress Clara Bow into a major star, and led people to label her the \"It girl\". The film had its world premiere in Los Angeles on January 14, 1927, followed by a New York showing on February 5, 1927. \"\"It\"\" was released to the general public", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1938451", "score": "0.87170184", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "It – Chapter Two", "text": "with [Muschietti], so it's being envisioned as two movies.\" On July 19, 2017, Muschietti revealed that the plan is to get production underway for the sequel to \"It\" next spring, adding, \"We'll probably have a script for the second part in January [2018]. Ideally, we would start prep in March. Part one is only about the kids. Part two is about these characters 27 years later as adults, with flashbacks to 1989 when they were kids.\" On July 21, 2017, Muschietti spoke of looking forward to having a dialogue in the second film that does not exist within the first,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19555341", "score": "0.8703219", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "It (2017 film)", "text": "a coming-of-age story about the children tormented by It, and the second will skip ahead in time as those same characters band together to continue the fight as adults. Lin also stated that Fukunaga was then only committed to directing the first film, though was currently closing a deal to co-write the second. Lin concluded by mentioning King, to which he remarked, \"The most important thing is that [King] gave us his blessing. We didn't want to make this unless he felt it was the right way to go, and when we sent him the script, the response that Cary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19485757", "score": "0.85776544", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Scene It?", "text": "sequel, \"Scene It? Bright Lights! Big Screen!\" was released on November 17, 2009 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii. Opting for a multi-platform approach, this title abandoned the avatars in favor of more generic characters. After \"Scene It? Twilight\", a third sequel, \"Scene It? Movie Night\" was released on November 30, 2011 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii. Two unsuccessful, web-only versions of the game, \"Scene It? Online\", and \"Scene It? Daily\", were made available online, on Facebook, and on mobile platforms. \"Scene It? Online\" borrowed strongly from the DVD games' format, including video clips, sound clips, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4142206", "score": "0.8404912", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "It (2017 film)", "text": "fears. It's a smart move, because if a sequel does come along, it's going to be looking at the kids as adults, so that aspect will be lost.\" Digital Spy's Jack Tomlin spoke of the clarity in that director Muschietti's film will carry on down the \"creepy as hell\" vibe he gave the first trailer. On July 13, 2017, \"Entertainment Weekly\" released a collection of new images and concept art such as Pennywise's lair to promote \"It\", including commentary from director Andrés Muschietti. On July 19, 2017, New Line Cinema showcased its promotion of \"It\", by releasing three reels of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19485800", "score": "0.8356209", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part", "text": "of May 2015, but the release date was later moved to May 18, 2018. On June 17, 2016, it was pushed back again to its current release date. The film was originally titled \"The Lego Movie Sequel\" before it was officially renamed \"The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part\" in May 2018. On June 4, 2018, the first poster was released along with an announcement on Twitter that the first trailer would be released the following day. On August 1, 2018, Turkish Airlines released a special safety video featuring characters from the franchise. The second trailer was released on November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17879986", "score": "0.8315599", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "It (2017 film)", "text": "A sequel, It: Chapter Two, is scheduled to be released on September 6, 2019.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "It (miniseries)", "text": "it into four hours, with commercials. But the series really surprised me by how good it was. It's a really ambitious adaptation of a really long book.\" \"It\" was released on VHS and Laserdisc in 1991. The original VHS release was on two cassette tapes, one for each part. The VHS and Laserdisc releases feature \"It\" as originally aired. In 1998, \"It\" was re-released on VHS, this time, on one cassette tape (in EP format). The film was later released on DVD in 2002 and on Blu-ray on October 4, 2016. Both the DVD and the Blu-ray feature an edited", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18743881", "score": "0.8303463", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "It (2017 film)", "text": "Fears\", to share footage from \"It\", while discussing his inspirations and influences. On March 11, 2017, New Line Cinema showcased its promotion of \"It\" by releasing a teaser trailer and a scene at the South by Southwest festival. Trace Thurman of Bloody Disgusting heralded the trailer: \"It was maybe 90 seconds of footage, but it was a damn impressive 90 seconds of footage ... As far as teasers go, it's one of the best that I've ever seen.\" Dread Central's Jonathan Barkan praised the scene, and stated, \"The kids are clearly very adept at working off one another. There was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19485795", "score": "0.82935137", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part", "text": "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part is an upcoming computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by the Warner Animation Group and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. A direct sequel to \"The Lego Movie\" (2014), it will be the fourth film in the franchise, set to follow the releases of both of the first film's spin-offs, \"The Lego Batman Movie\" and \"The Lego Ninjago Movie\" (both released in 2017). Animal Logic, who provided the animation for all the films in the franchise, is returning. The film is being directed by Mike Mitchell, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17879977", "score": "0.81918985", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "It's Alive (1974 film)", "text": "story, the mother of the first mutant child had a history of taking combined oral contraceptive pills prior to planning her second pregnancy, whereupon she instead began taking an inadequately tested fertility drug to facilitate the conception of her second child. The film was followed by two sequels, \"It Lives Again\" (1978) and \"\" (1987) and a remake, \"It's Alive\" (2009). It's Alive (1974 film) It's Alive is a 1974 American horror film written, produced, and directed by Larry Cohen. In the film, a couple's infant child turns out to be a vicious mutant monster that kills when frightened. Notable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309298", "score": "0.81431854", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "It2i2", "text": "It2i2 it²i² is a 2006 independent mockumentary from comedian and Red Dwarf actor Robert Llewellyn. A direct-to-DVD release, it was released in March, 2006. In the film, Llewellyn plays two roles. Himself, and \"uber nerd\" John Silverstine. The \"it²i²\" DVD was released in March 2006. It includes the movie, with some special features and each copy is hand signed by Robert Llewellyn. Scientists have been working on creating Artificial Intelligence, knowing that there are approximately 50 billion synaptic connections between neurons in the average human brain. They have failed, and during the timespan, many millions of computers have linked up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10406243", "score": "0.8135933", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "It (novel)", "text": "will star James McAvoy (Bill), Bill Hader (Richie), Jessica Chastain (Beverly), James Ransone (Eddie), Andy Bean (Stan), Isaiah Mustafa (Mike), and Jay Ryan (Ben). Skarsgård will reprise the role of Pennywise and the younger actors are set to return as well. It (novel) It is a 1986 horror novel by American author Stephen King. It was his 22nd book, and his 18th novel written under his own name. The story follows the experiences of seven children as they are terrorized by an entity that exploits the fears and phobias of its victims to disguise itself while hunting its prey. \"It\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1938492", "score": "0.8057449", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "It! (1967 film)", "text": "dramatically saves Ellen from the nuclear explosion that vaporizes Pimm and \"The Cloisters\" but not the golem, which retreats into the sea. Since Seven Arts Productions acquired Warner Bros. in 1967 the film was released by Warner Bros.-Seven Arts in the United States. The film was widely released in the US in 1967 on a double bill with \"The Frozen Dead\". \"It!\" was released on home video on 9 December 2008 when Warner Home Video released it with \"The Shuttered Room\" in its new series of \"Horror Double Feature\" DVDs. Jason P. Vargo from IGN awarded the film a score", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8380475", "score": "0.8003512", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "It (1927 film)", "text": "a minor role as a newspaper reporter. \"\"It\"\" was a hit with audiences all over the United States, breaking box office records. Critics praised the film, especially its star, as \"a joy to behold\". \"\"It\"\" turned Clara Bow from an up-and-coming movie actress into the biggest movie star of the 1920s who in the process became a film legend as a result of \"It\". The term \"The It girl\" has since entered the cultural lexicon. It (1927 film) \"It\" is a 1927 silent romantic comedy film that tells the story of a shop girl who sets her sights on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1938459", "score": "0.79753107", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part", "text": "2018, Warner Bros. released a short film, titled \"Emmet's Holiday Party\", as a Christmas styled promotion for the film. The third and final trailer was released on December 19, 2018. The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part is an upcoming computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by the Warner Animation Group and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. A direct sequel to \"The Lego Movie\" (2014), it will be the fourth film in the franchise, set to follow the releases of both of the first film's spin-offs, \"The Lego Batman Movie\" and \"The Lego", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17879988", "score": "0.7974288", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "It2i2", "text": "an interview with cybernetics professor Kevin Warwick. Additional writing, special effects, and art production and additional writing was contributed by Mark S Lowe, with additional special effects and editing by Charlie Dancey. It2i2 it²i² is a 2006 independent mockumentary from comedian and Red Dwarf actor Robert Llewellyn. A direct-to-DVD release, it was released in March, 2006. In the film, Llewellyn plays two roles. Himself, and \"uber nerd\" John Silverstine. The \"it²i²\" DVD was released in March 2006. It includes the movie, with some special features and each copy is hand signed by Robert Llewellyn. Scientists have been working on creating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10406246", "score": "0.7968633", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Make It Happen (film)", "text": "sneaking their way into the Internet, and TV spots started airing in UK TV channels. The theatrical trailer was released thereafter. The first UK review surfaced on August 3. \"Make It Happen\" was released in the UK on August 8, 2008. The film was further released in Iceland on the 28th of August, and then in Singapore and Australia on September 4. The film debuted in the Philippines on 1 October, and recently premiered in Hong Kong theaters on November 13. The film was also released in Netherlands on February 5, 2009 and Belgium on the 18th. \"Make It Happen\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10232469", "score": "0.79315484", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "It (2017 film)", "text": "McAvoy and Bill Hader entered negotiations to play the adult Bill Denbrough and Richie Tozier. In May 2018, James Ransone revealed on Twitter that he would play the adult Eddie Kaspbrak. Shortly afterwards, Andy Bean and Jay Ryan had joined the cast to play the adult Stanley Uris and Ben Hanscom respectively. In June 2018, Isaiah Mustafa signed on to play the adult Mike Hanlon. McAvoy revealed on his Instagram account that filming had officially begun on June 19, 2018. It (2017 film) It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19485813", "score": "0.79026854", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "It (2017 film)", "text": "It (2017 film) It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy Muschietti, based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Stephen King. The screenplay is by Chase Palmer, Cary Fukunaga and Gary Dauberman. The film is set in the summer of 1989 and tells the story of seven children in Derry, Maine, who are terrorized by the eponymous being, only to face their own personal demons in the process. The novel was previously adapted into a 1990 miniseries. The film stars Jaeden Lieberher and Bill Skarsgård as Bill Denbrough", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19485741", "score": "0.7901024", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Get Over It (film)", "text": "film was released in the US on March 9, 2001 by Miramax. The film then opened in the UK on June 10, 2001 by Momentum Pictures and in Australia on September 6, 2001 by Buena Vista International. The film was released on DVD & VHS in the US by Miramax Home Entertainment on August 14, 2001 and in the UK by Momentum Pictures on April 1, 2002. Special features include a commentary track with director Tommy O'Haver & screenwriter R. Lee Fleming, Jr., deleted & extended scenes with optional commentary, original songs, outtakes with Martin Short, a makeup test also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4594415", "score": "0.78804946", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Kick-Ass 2 (film)", "text": "the second most pirated movie of the year, so if you want a movie to be made into a second, a third, a fourth and a fifth, go buy a ticket. Don't pirate it.\" In August 2014, Moretz reiterated her previous statements and said \"sadly, I think I'm done with [Hit-Girl]\". In February 2015, Matthew Vaughn, who directed the first film, spoke optimistically about a \"Hit-Girl\" prequel. He stated \"If that happens, I’m pretty sure I can persuade Aaron and Chloe to come back and finish the story of Kick-Ass.\" On June 17, 2015, Vaughn stated in an answer to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16796021", "score": "0.7866933", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part", "text": "20, 2018, along with the second poster. On Black Friday 2018, Warner Bros. released \"The Lego Movie\" on YouTube in its entirety for one day only, with a trailer for \"The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part\" attached. A video game based on the film, titled \"The Lego Movie 2 Videogame\", a direct sequel to \"The Lego Movie Videogame\", was announced on November 27, 2018 and will be released on February 26, 2019, two weeks after the film's release, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and for the Nintendo Switch a month later on March 26. On December 10,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17879987", "score": "0.7853419", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "It (miniseries)", "text": "million households. According to writer Cohen, \"It\" was considered a major success for ABC, garnering nearly 30 million viewers over its two-night premiere. , on Rotten Tomatoes, the film held an approval rating of 57% based on , with a weighted average rating of 5.5/10. Matt Roush of \"USA Today\" gave the series a positive review, writing: \"If \"Twin Peaks\" is a midnight movie for prime-time live, \"It\" is the mini-series equivalent of those Saturday matinee shockers that merrily warped a generation before Freddie and Jason began stalking their more graphic turf... Accept \"It\" on its own popcorn-munching terms, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18743876", "score": "0.77772236", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part", "text": "while returning actors would be Pratt as Emmet, Elizabeth Banks as Wyldstyle, Arnett as Batman, Channing Tatum as Superman, and Jonah Hill as Green Lantern. On May 21, 2018, Warner Bros. officially renamed the film \"The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part\" along with releasing the first teaser image of the logo. Stephanie Beatriz and Arturo Castro were announced to be part of the film on June 4, 2018. In November 2018, Maya Rudolph joined the cast. The film is scheduled to be released on February 8, 2019. It was originally scheduled to be released on May 26, 2017, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17879985", "score": "0.777231", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "It's Alive III: Island of the Alive", "text": "It's Alive III: Island of the Alive It's Alive III: Island of the Alive is a 1987 American horror film written and directed by Larry Cohen. It is the sequel to the 1978 film \"It Lives Again\". The film stars Michael Moriarty, Karen Black, Laurene Landon, James Dixon, Gerrit Graham, Macdonald Carey and Neal Israel. The film was released by Warner Bros. in May 1987. The film is set several years after the events of the first two films. The movie begins with a woman going into labor in a cab on a rainy night. Panicked, the cab driver seeks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18736738", "score": "0.77663875", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Sharknado 2: The Second One", "text": "50 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Brian Lowry of \"Variety\" said the CGI sharks looked terrible. Neil Genzlinger of \"The New York Times\" said that it seems nothing more than dumb fun. Verne Gay of \"Newsday\" said the film doesn't take itself as seriously as the original. He also said the film is not as good as the first. Don Kaplan of the \"New York Daily News\" said the film was \"a slightly better, more watchable movie than its predecessor.\" Caroline Framke of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the film an 'A', stating the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17449292", "score": "0.7764565", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "-ase" ]

[ { "title": "-ose", "text": "-ose The suffix -ose ( or ) is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugars. This Latin suffix means \"full of\", \"abounding in\", \"given to\", or \"like\". Numerous systems exist to name specific sugars more descriptively. Monosaccharides, the simplest sugars, may be named according to the number of carbon atoms in each molecule of the sugar: pentose is a five-carbon monosaccharide, and hexose is a six-carbon monosaccharide. Aldehyde monosaccharides may be called aldoses; ketone monosaccharides may be called ketoses. Larger sugars such as disaccharides and polysaccharides can be named to reflect their qualities. Lactose, a disaccharide found in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9378599", "score": "1.0125662", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Endonuclease", "text": "used notation for restriction endonucleases is of the form \"\"vwxyz\"\", where \"\"vwx\"\" names the life form (bacteria) where this restriction endonuclease may be found, \"\"y\"\" names the strain (and is optional), and \"\"z\"\" (in Roman numerals) indicates different restriction endonucleases in the same life form (bacteria). Thus for example, \"EcoRI\" means that the restriction endonuclease is found in \"Escherichia coli\" (\"Eco\"); strain RY13 (\"R\"), restriction endonuclease number \"I\". Another example: \"HaeII\" and \"HaeIII\" refer to bacterium \"Haemophilus aegyptius\", number II and number III, respectively. The restriction enzymes used in molecular biology usually recognize short target sequences of about 4 –", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4054448", "score": "0.9859632", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "-ose", "text": "milk, gets its name from the Latin word for milk combined with the sugar suffix; its name means \"milk sugar\". The polysaccharide that makes up plant starch is named amylose, or \"starch sugar\"; see amyl. There are these theories about the origin of the \"-ose\" suffix:- -ose The suffix -ose ( or ) is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugars. This Latin suffix means \"full of\", \"abounding in\", \"given to\", or \"like\". Numerous systems exist to name specific sugars more descriptively. Monosaccharides, the simplest sugars, may be named according to the number of carbon atoms in each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9378600", "score": "0.977479", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cytochrome P450", "text": "+ O + NADPH + H → ROH + HO + NADP Genes encoding CYP enzymes, and the enzymes themselves, are designated with the root symbol CYP for the superfamily, followed by a number indicating the gene family, a capital letter indicating the subfamily, and another numeral for the individual gene. The convention is to \"italicise\" the name when referring to the gene. For example, \"CYP2E1\" is the gene that encodes the enzyme CYP2E1—one of the enzymes involved in paracetamol (acetaminophen) metabolism. The CYP nomenclature is the official naming convention, although occasionally CYP450 or CYP is used synonymously. However, some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3234474", "score": "0.969878", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Homing endonuclease", "text": "from the first letter of the name of the genus of the natural source organism, and two lower case letters are derived from the name of the species of that organism. Finally, a Roman numeral distinguishes different enzymes found in the same organism. For example, we can mention the enzyme PI-TliII that is the second enzyme encoded by an intein found in the archaea \"Thermococcus litoralis\", and H-DreI, the first synthetic homing endonuclease, created in a laboratory from the enzymes I-DmoI and I-CreI, taken respectively from \"Desulfurococcus mobilis\" and \"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii\". Homing endonucleases differ from Type II restriction enzymes in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9994917", "score": "0.9636273", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Oligosaccharide nomenclature", "text": "help illustrate this concept: Allyl α--fucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α--galactopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α--glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α--galactopyranoside These systematic names are quite useful in that they provide information about the structure of the oligosaccharide. They do require a lot of space, however, so abbreviated forms are used when possible. In these abbreviated forms, the names of the monosaccharide units are shortened to their corresponding three-letter abbreviations, followed by \"p\" for pyranose or \"f\" for furanose ring structures, with the abbreviated aglyconic alcohol placed at the end of the name. Using this system, the previous example would have the abbreviated name α--Fuc\"p\"-(1→3)-[α--Gal\"p\"-(1→4)]-α--Glc\"p\"-(1→3)-α--Gal\"p\"OAll. Polysaccharides are considered to be polymers of monosaccharides containing ten", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13261427", "score": "0.9595616", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Oxyacid", "text": "acids whose names end to the suffix \"-ous\". On the other hand, the suffix \"-ate\" occurs in names of anions and salts derived from acids whose names end to the suffix \"-ic\". Prefixes \"hypo-\" and \"per-\" occur in the name of anions and salts; for example the ion is called \"perchlorate\". In a few cases, the prefixes \"ortho-\" and \"para-\" occur in names of some oxyacids and their derivative anions. In such cases, the \"para-\" acid is what can be thought as remaining of the \"ortho-\" acid if a water molecule is separated from the \"ortho-\" acid molecule. For example,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6457586", "score": "0.95807505", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Oligosaccharide nomenclature", "text": "included as a prefix to the name, with the notation for glycosidic linkages preceding the symbols designating the configuration. The following example will help illustrate this concept: (1→4)-β--Glucan A heteropolysaccharide is a polymer containing more than one kind of monosaccharide residue. The parent chain contains only one type of monosaccharide and should be listed last with the ending “-an”, and the other types of monosaccharides listed in alphabetical order as “glyco-” prefixes. When there is no parent chain, all different monosaccharide residues are to be listed alphabetically as “glyco-” prefixes and the name should end with “-glycan”. The following example", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13261429", "score": "0.93178463", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "-monas", "text": "-monas The suffix -monas is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean \"unicellular organism\". The suffix -monas found in many genera in microbiology is similar in usage to -bacter, -bacillus, -coccus or -spirillum. The genera with the suffix are not a monophyletic group and the suffix is chosen over -bacter, often simply out of stylistic preferences to match with Greek words. The first genus to be given the suffix -monas was \"Pseudomonas\", a genus of gammaproteobacteria. The generic epithet \"Pseudomonas\" was coined by Walter Migula in 1894, who did not give an etymology. Since the 7th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15623534", "score": "0.93094885", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "-ase", "text": "The suffix -ase is used in biochemistry to form names of enzymes. The most common way to name enzymes is to add this suffix onto the end of the substrate, e.g. an enzyme that breaks down peroxides may be called peroxidase; the enzyme that produces telomeres is called telomerase. Sometimes enzymes are named for the function they perform, rather than substrate, e.g. the enzyme that polymerizes (assembles) DNA into strands is called polymerase; see also reverse transcriptase.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses", "text": "the suffix -\"virinae\". A family is a group of genera, whether or not these are organized into subfamilies, sharing certain common characters. A family name must be a single word ending in the suffix -\"viridae\". An order is a group of families sharing certain common characters. An order name must be a single word ending in the suffix -\"virales\". Rules concerned with the classification of viruses shall also apply to the classification of viroids. The formal endings for taxa of viroids are the word \"viroid\" for species, the suffix \"-viroid\" for genera, the suffix \"-viroinae\" for sub-families, should this taxon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7247308", "score": "0.9289448", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "BioBrick", "text": "sequences, which flank the 5′ and 3′ ends of the DNA part respectively. These standard sequences encode specific restriction enzyme sites. The prefix sequence encodes \"EcoRI\" (E) and \"Xbal\" (X) sites, while the suffix sequence encodes \"SpeI\" (S) and \"PstI\" (P) sites. The prefix and the suffix are not considered part of the BioBrick part. To facilitate the assembly process, the BioBrick part itself must not contain any of these restriction sites. During the assembly of two different parts, one of the plasmids is digested with \"EcoRI\" and \"SpeI\". The plasmid carrying the other BioBrick part is digested with \"EcoRI\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10105978", "score": "0.9280479", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Oligosaccharide nomenclature", "text": "and lactose, were trivially named before their chemical constitution was determined, and these names are still used today. Trivial names, however, are not useful for most other oligosaccharides and, as such, systematic rules for the nomenclature of carbohydrates have been developed. To fully understand oligosaccharide and polysaccharide nomenclature, one must understand how monosaccharides are named. An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13261424", "score": "0.92701864", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Endoenzyme", "text": "Endoenzyme An endoenzyme, or intracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was produced. Because the majority of enzymes fall within this category, the term is used primarily to differentiate a specific enzyme from an exoenzyme. It is possible for a single enzyme to have both endoenzymatic and exoenzymatic functions; for example, glycolytic enzymes of Kreb's Cycle. In most cases the term endoenzyme refers to an enzyme that binds to a bond 'within the body' of a large molecule - usually a polymer. For example an endoamylase would break down large amylose molecules into shorter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2967927", "score": "0.91775346", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Endoglycosidase H", "text": "Endoglycosidase H The enzyme Endoglycosidase H (, \"Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H\", \"N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase\", \"mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase\", \"di-N-acetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase\", \"endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase\", \"endo-beta-(1->4)-N-acetylglucosaminidase\", \"mannosyl-glycoprotein 1,4-N-acetamidodeoxy-beta-D-glycohydrolase\", \"endoglycosidase S\", \"endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase\", \"endo-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase\", \"endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D\", \"endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F\", \"endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H\", \"endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase L\", \"glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase\", \"endoglycosidase H\") is an enzyme with systematic name \"glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-N4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase\". It is a highly specific endoglycosidase which cleaves asparagine-linked mannose rich oligosaccharides, but not highly processed complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. It is used for research purposes to deglycosylate glycoproteins. Endoglycosidase H is isolated from \"Streptomyces plicatus\" or \"Streptomyces griseus\". Its molecular weight is 29 000 Daltons. The primary structure is described by Robbins 1984. Endoglycosidase H cleaves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10279523", "score": "0.91733795", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cytochrome P450", "text": "gene or enzyme names for CYPs may differ from this nomenclature, denoting the catalytic activity and the name of the compound used as substrate. Examples include CYP5A1, thromboxane A synthase, abbreviated to TBXAS1 (ThromBoXane A Synthase 1), and CYP51A1, lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, sometimes unofficially abbreviated to LDM according to its substrate (Lanosterol) and activity (DeMethylation). The current nomenclature guidelines suggest that members of new CYP families share at least 40% amino acid identity, while members of subfamilies must share at least 55% amino acid identity. There are nomenclature committees that assign and track both base gene names (Cytochrome P450 Homepage) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3234475", "score": "0.9170472", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Cyclooxygenase", "text": "believed to provide part of its effect. In medicine, the root symbol \"COX\" is encountered more often than \"PTGS\". In genetics, \"PTGS\" is officially used for this family of genes and proteins, because the root symbol \"COX\" was already used for the cytochrome c oxidase family. Thus the two isozymes found in humans, PTGS1 and PTGS2, are frequently called COX-1 and COX-2 in the medical literature. The names \"prostaglandin synthase (PHS)\", \"prostaglandin synthetase (PHS)\", and \"prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthetase (PES)\" are older terms still sometimes used to refer to COX. In terms of their molecular biology, \"COX-1\" and \"COX-2\" are of similar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2130619", "score": "0.91571724", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Monosaccharide nomenclature", "text": "identical to its mirror image, and there is no '-' form. A distinct common name, such as \"glucose\" or \"ribose\", is traditionally assigned to each pair of mirror-image stereoisomers, and to each achiral stereoisomer. These names have standard three-letter abbreviations, such as 'Glc' for glucose and 'Rib' for ribose. Another nomenclature uses the systematic name of the molecular graph, a '-' or '-' prefix to indicate the position of the last chiral hydroxyl on the Fischer diagram (as above), and another italic prefix to indicate the positions of the remaining hydroxyls relative to the first one, read from bottom to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13262025", "score": "0.9080535", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Monosaccharide nomenclature", "text": "one of which is a carbonyl group, all the others bearing a hydrogen -H and a hydroxyl -OH each, with one extra hydrogen at either end. The carbons of the chain are conventionally numbered from 1 to \"n\", starting from the end which is closest to the carbonyl. If the carbonyl is at the very beginning of the chain (carbon 1), the monosaccharide is said to be an aldose, otherwise it is a ketose. These names can be combined with the chain length prefix, as in aldohexose or ketopentose. Most ketoses found in nature have the carbonyl in position 2;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13262022", "score": "0.8991847", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "-ine", "text": "it appears in and the accent of the speaker. In a few words (for example, \"quinine\" and \"strychnine\"), the sound is normal in some accents. \"Gasoline\" ends with ; \"glycerine\" more often with than with . The suffix \"-in\" () is etymologically related and overlaps in usage with \"-ine\". Many proteins and lipids have names ending with \"-in\": for example, the enzymes pepsin and trypsin, the hormones insulin and gastrin, and the lipids stearin (stearine) and olein. -ine -ine is a suffix used in chemistry to denote two kinds of substance. The first is a chemically basic and alkaloidal substance.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10376145", "score": "0.89607537", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase", "text": "in bacteria, and specifically, \"E. coli\" is endonuclease type III, while in humans it is a Mg-dependent AP endonuclease, APE1. This enzyme encompasses a family of lyases that cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. Several names for DNA AP lyase include: AP lyase; AP endonuclease class I; endodeoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); deoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); E. coli endonuclease III; phage-T4 UV endonuclease; Micrococcus luteus UV endonuclease; AP site-DNA 5'-phosphomonoester-lyase; and X-ray endonuclease III. Since DNA AP lyase is a class of structures who have numerous target genes that encode for different variations of the enzyme, there is no one single enzyme structure that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11196974", "score": "0.8944871", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Agarase", "text": "Agarase Agarase (, \"AgaA\", \"AgaB\", \"endo-beta-agarase\", \"agarose 3-glycanohydrolase\") is an enzyme with systematic name \"agarose 4-glycanohydrolase\". It is found in agarolytic bacteria and is the first enzyme in the agar catabolic pathway. It is responsible for allowing them to use agar as their primary source of Carbon and enables their ability to thrive in the ocean. Agarases are classified as either α-agarases or β-agarases based upon whether they degrade α or β linkages in agarose, breaking them into oligosaccharides. When secreted, α-agarases yield oligosaccharides with 3.6 anhydro-L-galactose at the reducing end whereas β-agarases result in D-galactose residues. As could be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12043860", "score": "0.893242", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Glutathione S-transferase", "text": "known to exist. Standardized GST nomenclature first proposed in 1992 identifies the species to which the isozyme of interest belongs with a lower-case initial (e.g., \"h\" for human), which precedes the abbreviation GST. The isozyme class is subsequently identified with an upper-case letter (e.g., \"A\" for alpha), followed by an Arabic numeral representing the class subfamily (or subunit). Because both mitochondrial and cytosolic GSTs exist as dimers, and only heterodimers form between members of the same class, the second subfamily component of the enzyme dimer is denoted with a hyphen, followed by an additional Arabic numeral. Therefore, if a human", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4211080", "score": "0.8930862", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Gamma-glutamyltransferase", "text": "notable one being the liver, and has significance in medicine as a diagnostic marker. The name γ-glutamyltransferase is preferred by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The Expert Panel on Enzymes of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry also used this name. The older name is gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP). GGT is present in the cell membranes of many tissues, including the kidneys, bile duct, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, heart, brain, and seminal vesicles. It is involved in the transfer of amino acids across the cellular membrane and leukotriene metabolism. It is also involved in glutathione", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2248005", "score": "0.8910401", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ligase", "text": "replication. The common names of ligases often include the word \"ligase\", such as DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology laboratories to join together DNA fragments. Other common names for ligases include the word \"synthetase\", because they are used to synthesize new molecules. Biochemical nomenclature has sometimes distinguished synthetases from synthases and sometimes treated the words as synonyms. Under one definition, synthases \"do not\" use energy from nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP), whereas synthetases \"do\" use nucleoside triphosphates. It is also said that a synthase is a lyase (a lyase is an enzyme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "243288", "score": "0.88777304", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "DTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase", "text": "is a dimeric protein with a Rossman fold; it uses the tightly bound coenzyme NAD for transiently oxidizing the substrate, activating it for the dehydration step. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dTDP-glucose 4,6-hydro-lyase (dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose-forming). Other names in common use include thymidine diphosphoglucose oxidoreductase, TDP-glucose oxidoreductase, RmlB, DESIV, and dTDP-glucose 4,6-hydro-lyase. This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: nucleotide sugars metabolism, streptomycin biosynthesis, polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics. DTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase In enzymology, a dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase () is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11196994", "score": "0.8857353", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase", "text": "of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . Xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase In enzymology, a xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are xyloglucan and HO, whereas its product is xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is [(1->6)-alpha-D-xylo]-(1->4)-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase. Other names in common use include XEG, xyloglucan endo-beta-1,4-glucanase, xyloglucanase, xyloglucanendohydrolase, XH, and 1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase. Family 12 was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11246290", "score": "0.8854155", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Enzyme", "text": "which stands for \"Enzyme Commission\". The first number broadly classifies the enzyme based on its mechanism. The top-level classification is: These sections are subdivided by other features such as the substrate, products, and chemical mechanism. An enzyme is fully specified by four numerical designations. For example, hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) is a transferase (EC 2) that adds a phosphate group (EC 2.7) to a hexose sugar, a molecule containing an alcohol group (EC 2.7.1). Enzymes are generally globular proteins, acting alone or in larger complexes. The sequence of the amino acids specifies the structure which in turn determines the catalytic activity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "111852", "score": "0.88495034", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Bacterial taxonomy", "text": "been proposed to amend the Bacteriological Code to specify \"-aeota\" as the ending for bacterial phyla and that the names be derived from a type class within the phylum. This would require the following changes: Several species are named after people, either the discoverer or a famous person in the field of microbiology, for example \"Salmonella\" is after D.E. Salmon, who discovered it (albeit as \"Bacillus typhi\"). For the generic epithet, all names derived from people must be in the female nominative case, either by changing the ending to -a or to the diminutive -ella, depending on the name. For", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15502120", "score": "0.8844752", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Oligosaccharide nomenclature", "text": "the Tollens’ reagent. The reducing and non-reducing ends of an oligosaccharide are conventionally drawn with the reducing-end monosaccharide residue furthest to the right and the non-reducing (or terminal) end furthest to the left. Naming of oligosaccharides proceeds from left to right (from the non-reducing end to the reducing end) as glycosyl [glycosyl] glycoses or glycosyl [glycosyl] glycosides, depending on whether or not the reducing end is a free hemiacetal group. In parentheses, between the names of the monosaccharide residues, the number of the anomeric carbon atom, an arrow symbol, and the number of the carbon atom bearing the connecting oxygen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13261425", "score": "0.8836157", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "Taylor Michel Momsen" ]

[ { "title": "Debbie Downer", "text": "\"The Grinch Who Stole Christmas\", and a tune similar to the Grinch's song. Steve Carell's Bob Bummer also had his own theme song. Debbie Downer Debbie Downer is a name of a fictional \"Saturday Night Live\" character who debuted in 2004, and who was portrayed by Rachel Dratch. The character's name, Debbie Downer, is a slang phrase which refers to someone who frequently adds bad news and negative feelings to a gathering, thus bringing down the mood of everyone around them. Dratch's character would usually appear at social gatherings and interrupt the conversation to voice negative opinions and pronouncements. She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5047393", "score": "1.0923539", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Whoville", "text": "snouts and twelve toes. In the live-action film, the fur was missing from the Whos. Just north of Whoville, atop a high mountain, Mount Crumpit, a bitter, cave-dwelling creature named the Grinch lives with his dog Max. Cindy Lou Who is a generous young girl who was introduced in the book \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" In the 2000 live action film, \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" she is played by actress Taylor Momsen. The Grinch is a fictional, green colored creature with a cat-like face and cynical personality. He lives in isolation upon Mt. Crumpet with his dog Max.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11705180", "score": "1.0875852", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jean Speegle Howard", "text": "\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\", directed by her son Ron, includes a dedication to her at the beginning of the end credits, saying that she was \"who loved Christmas the most.\" The film includes performances by her son Clint (as Whobris), her husband Rance (as the Elderly Timekeeper) and her granddaughter Bryce (as the Surprised Who). Jean Speegle Howard Jean Frances Speegle Howard (January 31, 1927 – September 2, 2000) was an American actress who acted primarily in film and on television. Howard made appearances in over 30 television shows, mostly sitcoms, such as \"Married... with Children\" (1994–1996), but she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11333523", "score": "1.0702206", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Whoville", "text": "The Grinch overlooks the city of Whoville with a lack of empathy for all Whos. He is known to be of a different species than the Whos, being stated as a What in the 2000 film. The Grinch is played by actor Jim Carrey in the 2000 production of \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" In the book \"Horton Hears a Who!\", there is a mayor in Whoville. In the live-action film \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas,\" there is a mayor named Augustus Maywho, played by Jeffrey Tambor. Actor Steve Carell plays the Mayor of Whoville in the 2008 animated film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11705181", "score": "1.063355", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical", "text": "Francisco. Stefán Karl again performed as the Grinch, with Bob Lauder as Old Max, Seth Bazacas as Young Max, Brance Cornelius as Papa Who, and Serena Brook as Mama Who and Brooke Lynn Boyd as Cindy Lou Who. In 2012, the production toured North America playing in Bloomington, Hartford, Richmond, Chicago and Detroit, with Stefán Karl performing as the Grinch. In 2013, the production toured North America playing in Cincinnati, Durham, Rochester, Buffalo and San Antonio, with Stefán Karl performing as the Grinch. In 2014, the production toured North America with showings planned in Springfield, Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Albuquerque, Salt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175851", "score": "1.040679", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical", "text": "Max. In 2009, the musical was produced at the Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California, and ran from November 10, 2009 to December 27, 2009. Stefán Karl reprised his role from the tour as the Grinch, with John Larroquette as Old Max, Kayley Stallings and Issadora Ava Tulalian as Cindy Lou Who, and James Royce as Young Max. In 2010, a North American tour ran in the cities of Omaha, Houston, Dallas, Tempe and Toronto. Stefán Karl performed as the Grinch and Brooke Lynn Boyd as Cindy Lou Who. In 2011, the tour played Providence, Pittsburgh, Atlanta, St. Louis and San", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175850", "score": "1.0404315", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "Santa Claus to help her mother but after encountering the Grinch, who sarcastically says that she'll have to talk to Santa face-to-face about it, she eventually decides to try and trap Santa with the help of her friends. With Christmas just around the corner, all the Whoville festivities force the Grinch to recall his sad childhood spent mostly alone and unwanted in a run down orphanage. The Grinch soon decides that he will steal Christmas from Whoville to assuage his distress. He acquires a fat reindeer whom he calls Fred to help him pull a sleigh that he stole from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559647", "score": "1.0403941", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "The only one who isn't amused is a cantankerous, green furred creature called The Grinch, who has a heart \"two sizes too small\" and lives in a cave on the top of Mount Crumpit just north of Whoville. The Grinch's only friend is his loyal pet dog Max and they both only visit Whoville when the Grinch needs to buy food and do bad things. Meanwhile, 6-year-old Cindy Lou Who notices that her mother Donna is overworked trying to take care of herself and her twin infant brothers, Buster and Bean. She at first decides to send a letter to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559646", "score": "1.0387561", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)", "text": "he decides to disguise himself as Santa Claus and steal Christmas. The Grinch makes himself a Santa coat and hat and disguises the innocent Max as a reindeer. He loads empty bags onto a sleigh and travels to Whoville with some difficulty. In the first house he is almost caught by Cindy Lou Who (voiced by an uncredited June Foray), a small Who girl who wakes up and sees him taking the Christmas tree. Pretending to be Santa, the Grinch tells Cindy Lou that he is merely taking the tree to his workshop for repairs, and then gets her a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7902042", "score": "1.0373528", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Taylor Momsen", "text": "Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, former actress and model. She is known for being the lead singer and frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless. She is also known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on the CW teen drama series Gossip Girl (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "Cameron Seely and Angela Lansbury, and is narrated by Pharrell Williams. The plot follows the Grinch as he plans to ruin Whoville's Christmas celebration by stealing all the town's decorations and gifts. \"The Grinch\" was released by Universal Pictures in the United States on November 9, 2018, in RealD 3D and select IMAX theaters. It has grossed over $377 million worldwide, and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the animation but said the film added little to nothing new to the source material. In the town of Whoville, human-like creatures called Whos are filled with excitement about celebrating Christmas.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559645", "score": "1.0349667", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)", "text": "narrator. The Grinch (voiced by Boris Karloff) is the film's main character. He lives in a cave atop Mt. Crumpit, located above the village of Whoville. The Grinch is a surly character with a heart \"two sizes too small\" who has especially hated Christmas for 53 years. On Christmas Eve, he finally becomes fed up with seeing the decorations and hearing all the music and caroling in the village and wishes he could stop Christmas Day from coming to Whoville. When he sees his dog, Max, with snow all over his face in the shape of a hat and beard,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7902041", "score": "1.0322136", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical", "text": "in 1995 and 1998 playing to sold-out houses every time. The musical was performed at the Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, where it has run every Christmas season since 1998. The Old Globe production was directed by Jack O'Brien. This version featured songs from the television special, which had music by Albert Hague and lyrics by Seuss. A then-unknown Vanessa Anne Hudgens played Cindy Lou Who (1998–1999). For the 2007 Christmas season, three new songs were added to both this and the subsequent Broadway production. These songs are \"This Time of Year\", \"It's the Thought That Counts\" and \"Fah Who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175845", "score": "1.0267193", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical", "text": "occurrence for Broadway shows. Cast 2006 season 2007 season A limited-engagement tour ran during the Christmas season of 2008. The musical started at the Hippodrome in Baltimore from November 11 to 23, and then played the Citi Performing Arts Center Wang Theatre in Boston from November 26 to December 28. Matt August directed the show, with John DeLuca as original choreographer and Bob Richard as co-choreographer. The cast included Stefán Karl Stefánsson (who was best known for playing Robbie Rotten on the children's TV series \"LazyTown\") starring as the Grinch, Walter Charles as Old Max, and Andrew Keenan-Bolger as Young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9175849", "score": "1.0199507", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "away, touches the Grinch's bitter heart. Nevertheless, the Grinch carries on with his mission. After stealing every Christmas present and decoration, the Grinch and Max head back to Mount Crumpit to dispose of them. The Whos wake up and are shocked to see that the presents and decorations are gone. Cindy at first believes she's to blame because she 'caught' Santa, but Donna tells her that Christmas is more than just about presents and that Cindy's the best thing that ever happened to her. The Whos join together in song. The Grinch and Max hear the singing and the Grinch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559649", "score": "1.019734", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "text": "Whos' Christmas presents, the Christmas tree, and the log for their fire. He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou, a little Who girl, but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home. After stealing from one house, he does the same thing to all the other houses in the village of Whoville. After spending all night stealing stuff from the houses of Whoville, the Grinch travels back to the top of Mount Crumpit, intending to dump all of the Christmas stuff into the abyss. As dawn arrives, the Grinch expects the people in Whoville", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13423884", "score": "1.0190696", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Grinch", "text": "Time\" list. Grinch The Grinch is a fictional character created by Dr. Seuss. He is best known as the main character of the children's book \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" (1957). He has been played by many different actors, including: Boris Karloff, Hans Conried, Jim Carrey and Benedict Cumberbatch. The Grinch is depicted as a hairy, pot-bellied, pear-shaped, snub-nosed creature with a cat-like face and cynical personality. In full-color adaptations, he is typically colored avocado green. He has spent the past 53 years living in seclusion on a cliff overlooking the town of Whoville. In contrast to the cheerful Whos,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410571", "score": "1.018304", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "Oleksinski of \"New York Post\" stated, \"This “Grinch” is for snowflakes — and not the speck of ice the tiny town of Whoville is situated on. It's best for kids and adults who just can't handle the angry, diabolical monster of films past.\" Sandie Angulo Chen of Common Sense Media gave the film 3/5 and stated, \"This adaptation is bright, colorful, and occasionally funny, but it doesn't come close to matching the effectiveness of the short-and-sweet original.\" Amy West of \"Empire\" gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, writing \"Despite its story-telling ambition being two sizes too small (much", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559662", "score": "1.0161211", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "The Grinch (film) The Grinch (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Grinch) is a 2018 American 3D computer-animated Christmas comedy film produced by Illumination. Based on the 1957 Dr. Seuss book \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\", it is the third screen adaptation of the story, following the television special from 1966 and the live-action feature-length film from 2000. It also marks Illumination's second Dr. Seuss film adaptation, following \"The Lorax\" (2012). The film is directed by Yarrow Cheney and Scott Mosier, and written by Michael LeSieur and Tommy Swerdlow. It stars the voices of Benedict Cumberbatch, Rashida Jones, Kenan Thompson,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559644", "score": "1.015405", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Grinch", "text": "Grinch The Grinch is a fictional character created by Dr. Seuss. He is best known as the main character of the children's book \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" (1957). He has been played by many different actors, including: Boris Karloff, Hans Conried, Jim Carrey and Benedict Cumberbatch. The Grinch is depicted as a hairy, pot-bellied, pear-shaped, snub-nosed creature with a cat-like face and cynical personality. In full-color adaptations, he is typically colored avocado green. He has spent the past 53 years living in seclusion on a cliff overlooking the town of Whoville. In contrast to the cheerful Whos, the Grinch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410562", "score": "1.0153228", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)", "text": "in the character Cindy Lou Who and pitched a film in which she would have a larger role as well as a materialistic representation of the Whos and an expanded backstory of the Grinch. On September 16, 1998, it was announced that Howard would direct and co-produce a live-action adaptation of \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\" with Jim Carrey attached to star. It was also reported that Universal Pictures, who had acquired the distribution rights, paid $9 million for the film rights for an adaptation of \"Grinch\" and \"Oh, the Places You'll Go!\" to Geisel. Jeffrey Price and Peter S.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7707216", "score": "1.0139598", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Calallen High School", "text": "Group, Cindy Lou-Who & The Grinch, the cast of Saved by the Bell, and the characters from the movie Zoolander. Calallen High School's band program is made up of about 150 students. The band is under the direction of Jeffery Valperts with assistance from Nicholas Goodman, Glenn Herbst, Christopher Ross, and Travis Ratcliff. The band program's \"Percussion Theater\" was awarded the TECA state title in '07, '08, '09, '11, '12, '14, and '16 while the program's \"Percussion Ensemble\" was awarded the state title in '13 and '15 meaning overall the program's Percussion ensembles has won a state title 9 times", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9181932", "score": "1.0092844", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "frenemy Mr. Bricklebaum. After a test run, the Grinch discovers that Fred has a wife and child. With a heavy heart, he lets Fred go back to them. On Christmas Eve, after making a Santa Claus disguise and dozens of gadgets to help him with his theft, the Grinch and Max, who pulls the sleigh in Fred's place, go down to Whoville and begin stealing the decorations and presents. He soon encounters Cindy after falling into her trap. Her request to help lighten her mother's workload, and her kind advice about listening to the Whos' singing to take his sadness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559648", "score": "1.0083396", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Grinch (film)", "text": "were set to direct, though in 2018 producer Scott Mosier took over from Candeland. Benedict Cumberbatch was cast as the titular character in April 2016. By September 2018, Angela Lansbury had been set to voice the Mayor of Whoville. Rashida Jones, Cameron Seely, and Kenan Thompson also joined the cast, while Pharrell Williams, who had previously worked on Illumination's \"Despicable Me\" films, was revealed to be narrating the film. Like almost all of Illumination's films, the animation was created entirely in France by Illumination Mac Guff. The film's animation was made using Autodesk Maya. Tyler, the Creator wrote a new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19559652", "score": "1.0080252", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Julianna Rose", "text": "Julianna Rose Julianna Rose (born July 4, 1994 in La Jolla, California) is an American actress. Julianna started in theater at 5 years old, in a community play of Annie, in which she played Molly. Next she played Gretl in the \"Sound of Music\" at the Poway Performing Arts. For the next three years she played a \"Who\" in \"The Grinch Who Stole Christmas\" at the Old Globe under the direction of Jack O'Brien. After the Grinch, she went on to three years at \"The American Girl Revue Theater\" in Los Angeles playing the American Girl doll, \"Molly\". She also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16476201", "score": "0.99899185", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)", "text": "Who reminds him of his childhood humiliation by giving him an electric shaver as a present, then publicly proposes marriage to Martha May, giving her a large ring and promising her a new car. In response, the Grinch berates the Whos, telling them that Christmas is only about gifts that they will end up throwing in the garbage, which is dumped on Mount Crumpit near his home. He proceeds to ruin the party by burning down the town's Christmas tree and causing chaos throughout Whoville. His actions prove fruitless, as the Whos have a spare tree, which they are able", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7707209", "score": "0.99555063", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)", "text": "constructed on the backlot of Universal Studios behind the Bates Motel set from \"Psycho\". Rick Baker was hired to design and create the film's prosthetic makeup for Carrey and the rest of the cast. It took a number of tests, and ultimately Carrey admiring a photo of Baker in his first test makeup, for the decision to use Baker's original makeup design. The Grinch suit was covered in yak hair, dyed green and sewed onto a spandex suit. The first application of the makeup took up to 8 hours, after which a frustrated Carrey kicked a hole in the wall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7707218", "score": "0.9953277", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "In Search of Dr. Seuss", "text": "reading the story to his two little girls. After the story, Kathy ends up in the story of \"Green Eggs and Ham\" where she is chased by Sam I Am who tries to get her to taste the aforementioned dish. After that, Kathy ends up in the mountains where The Grinch had lived. A lady reads her the story of \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\". Next, Kathy shows up at the street of the lifted Lorax where she put in a payment (15 cents, a nail, and the shell of a great, great, great grandfather snail) written on paper in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7559881", "score": "0.99418116", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "text": "Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat\". Max, the Grinch's dog, and the Grinch himself also appear in the children's puppet show \"The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss\". The Grinch, Cindy Lou Who, and Max, appear in \"Seussical\", a musical which takes it plot from several Dr. Seuss books. How the Grinch Stole Christmas! How the Grinch Stole Christmas! is a children's story by Theodor \"Dr. Seuss\" Geisel written in rhymed verse with illustrations by the author. It follows the Grinch, a grouchy, solitary creature who attempts to put an end to Christmas by stealing Christmas-themed items from the homes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13423897", "score": "0.99341196", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)", "text": "likes the Grinch, due to the vengeful and harmful stunts he occasionally pulls on them. Seven-year-old Cindy Lou Who believes everyone is missing the point about Christmas by focusing on the gifts and festivities, instead of personal relationships. She has a face-to-face encounter with the Grinch at the post office, in which he reluctantly saves her life, and she becomes interested in his history. She asks everyone what they know about him and discovers his tragic past. The Grinch arrived in Whoville as a baby, and was adopted by two spinster sisters. He showed some sadistic tendencies as a child,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7707206", "score": "0.99294555", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "September 1972" ]

[ { "title": "Rural purge", "text": "quick cancellation. Instead, \"The Waltons\" went on to run for nine seasons, reaching as high as second in the Nielsens and finishing in the top 30 for seven of its nine years on air. The success of \"The Waltons\" started a trend for family dramas throughout the 1970s; such as \"Little House on the Prairie\", \"Apple's Way\", \"Family\", and \"Eight Is Enough\". Non-rural-themed shows canceled by CBS included sitcoms \"Family Affair\" and \"Hogan's Heroes\" in 1971, with the long-running \"My Three Sons\" ending in 1972. Variety shows that had been around since the late 1940s and early 1950s, such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5012518", "score": "1.1849842", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "in 1976 and Tuesdays at 19.00 through 1977. After that, seasons 6-9 would be broadcast on BBC 2 again, starting on April 30, 1979 and concluding in April 1983. The three reunion TV movies filmed in 1982 were also shown on BBC 2 from December 21 to December 28, 1983. The show was repeated on Channel 4 in the 1990s. It currently airs on True Entertainment in the UK. The Waltons The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner Jr., based on his book \"Spencer's Mountain\" and a 1963 film of the same name, about a family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890308", "score": "1.1831939", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "which Warner owned. Warner Bros. acquired Lorimar in 1989, and has continued to syndicate the series ever since. Reruns currently air in the U.S. on INSP, the Hallmark Channel. In Canada, \"The Waltons\" airs on Vision TV and BookTelevision. In the UK, the series was broadcast on BBC 1 and BBC 2 during the 1970s/1980s - the first three seasons were broadcast on BBC 2 from February 18, 1974 to May 17, 1976, on Mondays at 20.00 GMT, and seasons 4 and 5 were shown on BBC 1 from September 5, 1976 to August 30, 1977, on Sundays at 16.10", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890307", "score": "1.1753983", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "Elizabeth Walton, said in a 2012 interview. However, CBS had enough faith in the show to devise a full-page newspaper ad flanked with the show's positive reviews, urging people to watch the show. This ad was attributed to saving \"The Waltons\", causing the ratings to radically increase. Ralph Waite was reluctant to audition for the part of John Walton because he didn't want to be tied to a long-running TV series, but his agent persuaded him by saying, \"It will never sell. You do the pilot. You pick up a couple of bucks and then you go back to New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890302", "score": "1.1608136", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "fall 1972 schedule in response to congressional hearings on the quality of television. Backlash from a 1971 decision to purge most rural-oriented shows from the network lineup may have also been a factor. The network gave \"The Waltons\" an undesirable timeslot – Thursdays at 8 p.m., opposite two popular programs: \"The Flip Wilson Show\" on NBC and \"The Mod Squad\" on ABC. \"The rumor was that they put it against \"Flip Wilson\" and \"The Mod Squad\" because they didn't think it would survive. They thought, 'We can just tell Congress America doesn't want to see this',\" Kami Cotler, who played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890301", "score": "1.1416974", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Waltons (band)", "text": "band hoped to be sued by the producers of the television series \"The Waltons\" for the free publicity. They released two independent demo cassettes, \"<nowiki>'</nowiki>89 Demonstrations\" and \"Demo Sandwich\", in 1989 and 1990, before moving to Toronto, Ontario in 1991. They released their debut album, \"Lik My Trakter\" (\"like my tractor\") independently in 1991. That year, they were nominated for two CFNY-FM CASBY Awards for Most Promising Band and Best Western Canadian Band. They signed to Warner Music Canada, which rereleased \"Lik My Trakter\" in 1992. Todd Lumley also joined the band that year, playing keyboards and accordion. The album", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4404929", "score": "1.1252723", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "by CBS in 1981, NBC aired three television movie sequels in 1982, with three more in the 1990s on CBS. \"The Waltons\" was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution in syndication. The main story is set in Walton's Mountain, a fictional mountain-area community in fictitious Jefferson County, Virginia. The real place upon which the stories are based is the community of Schuyler in Nelson County, Virginia. The time period is from 1933 to 1946, during the Great Depression and World War II, during the presidential administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890286", "score": "1.1150328", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "It's a Knockout", "text": "reruns of \"The Waltons\" on CBS and a short-lived Ben Vereen variety show (\"Comin' at Ya!\") on NBC. In the first season, there were four regional events (North, East, South, and West); each had teams representing cities with populations of 20,000 or smaller from three different states, and each city had to be within 200 miles of the other two. The four winners then met in a national final. The second season consisted of 14 episodes, broken up into nine episodes where all three cities were from a particular state, three regional finals (East, South, and West – there was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3768536", "score": "1.101666", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "the episode \"The Pony Cart\" (Episode #111). She first appeared in \"The Waltons\" episode \"The Conflict\" (Episode #51) as the widow of Zeb Walton's brother. The series itself earned a Peabody Award for its first season. In 2013, \"TV Guide\" ranked \"The Waltons\" No. 34 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. In 2017, from March 20 to March 24 INSP network remembered the life of Earl Hamner Jr. (who had died in 2016) by featuring clips of interviews (once per episode) with him about his time involved with \"The Waltons\" during the breaks while its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890304", "score": "1.0969524", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "The television movie The Homecoming: A Christmas Story was broadcast on December 19, 1971. Based on its success, the CBS television network ordered one season of episodes based on the same characters and that became the television series The Waltons. Beginning in September 1972, the series subsequently aired on CBS for nine seasons. After the series was canceled by CBS in 1981, NBC aired three television movie sequels in 1982, with three more in the 1990s on CBS. The Waltons was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution in syndication.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "syndicated reruns aired from 3-5pm and again at 7pm. \"The Walton's Reunion Movie Collection\": 1. \"A Wedding on Walton's Mountain\" (1982) 2. \"Mother's Day on Walton's Mountain\" (1982) 3. \"A Day for Thanks on Walton's Mountain\" (1982) 4. \"A Walton Thanksgiving Reunion\" (1993) 5. \"A Walton Wedding\" (1995) 6. \"A Walton Easter\" (1997) Warner Home Video has released all nine seasons and six TV movies of \"The Waltons\" on DVD in Region 1. Seasons 1–4 have been released in Region 2. The pilot movie, \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\", was released by Paramount Home Entertainment. Lorimar produced the series, CBS", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890305", "score": "1.0927134", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Richard Thomas (actor)", "text": "\"The Waltons\", which was based on the real life story of writer Earl Hamner, Jr. He appeared in the CBS television film \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971), which inspired the commissioning of the largely recast series, and then played the role continuously in 122 episodes until March 17, 1977. Thomas left the series and his role was taken over by Robert Wightman, but Thomas returned to the role in three Waltons TV movies, 1993–97. (The first was \"A Walton Thanksgiving Reunion\" in 1993.) Thomas won an Emmy for Best Actor in a Dramatic Series in 1973. He enrolled in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1950216", "score": "1.0737903", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "years is therefore covered in nine seasons. There are some chronological inconsistencies, which ostensibly do not hinder the storyline. The first three reunion movies (\"A Wedding on Walton's Mountain\", \"Mother's Day on Walton's Mountain\", and \"A Day for Thanks on Walton's Mountain\"), all produced in 1982, are set in 1947. Of the later reunions, \"A Walton Thanksgiving Reunion\", filmed in 1993, is set in 1963, and revolves around President John F. Kennedy's assassination; \"A Walton Wedding\", made in 1995, is set in 1964; \"A Walton Easter\", filmed in 1997, is set in 1969. The series began relating stories that occurred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890288", "score": "1.0723044", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "the eighth season (she was usually said to be visiting relatives in nearby Buckingham County). Six feature-length movies were made after the series' run; set from 1947 to 1969, they aired between 1982 and 1997. \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971) was not made as a pilot for a series, but it was so popular that it led to the broadcaster, CBS, initially commissioning one season of episodes based on the same characters, and the result was \"The Waltons\". Except for the children and Grandma Walton, the actors for the movie were not the same as for the series. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890296", "score": "1.0644693", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "38 years in the past and ended with its last reunion show set 28 years in the past. The story is about the family of John Walton Jr. (known as John-Boy): his six siblings, his parents John and Olivia Walton, and the elder John's parents Zebulon \"Zeb\" and Esther Walton. John-Boy is the oldest of the children (17 years old in the beginning), who becomes a journalist and novelist. Each episode is narrated at the opening and closing by a middle-aged John Jr. (voiced by author Earl Hamner on whom John-Boy is based). John Sr. manages to eke out a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890289", "score": "1.0592108", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Robert Wightman", "text": "Robert Wightman Robert Wightman is an American actor perhaps best known for replacing Richard Thomas in the role of John-Boy Walton in the TV series \"The Waltons\". He played the role beginning with the show's eighth season in 1979 until the end of the series in 1981. He also appeared in the role in the TV movie \"A Day of Thanks on Walton's Mountain\" in 1982. His movie credits include \"American Gigolo\" and the starring role in \"Stepfather III\" as the main character of the film, taking over the role originally played by Terry O'Quinn. He has worked often in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5838913", "score": "1.0579093", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (1970s)", "text": "\"The Waltons\" actress Martha Nix on December 12, 1975 and departed the role on December 7, 1978. Nine years later the role was recast with Elizabeth Storm first airing on September 21, 1987 and departing on March 14, 1988. Introduced as the foster daughter of Mickey and Maggie Horton (John Clarke and Suzanne Rogers). In May 1978, Janice's biological mother Joanna (Corinne Michaels) returned to Salem and secretly began seeing Janice without Mickey and Maggie's knowledge. Joanna kidnapped Janice during an unplanned trip to Disneyland. When the two were later found, Joanna stayed in Salem to stay closer to her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19018552", "score": "1.0546236", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Joe Conley", "text": "Joe Conley Joe Conley (March 3, 1928 – July 7, 2013) was an American actor who played many small roles on television and is most remembered for his role as the storekeeper Ike Godsey in \"The Waltons\". Joe Conley was born in Buffalo, New York. He started acting after returning from military service in Korea, and was running three real-estate agencies in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles by the early 1970s after beginning this second career in 1961. While acting, he continued to work in real estate and, as a result, became wealthy. By the early 1970s,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5869154", "score": "1.0518365", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Michael Learned", "text": "the time she was cast in \"The Waltons\", she had \"hit rock bottom\". Then, at age 32, Learned realized she was an alcoholic. Taking herself to ex-husband Peter Donat's cabin on the California coast, she decided to \"get sober\" and that her time there was the beginning of a spiritual journey. Learned further stated in the article that she has been sober since 1977. Michael Learned Michael Learned (born April 9, 1939) is an American actress, known for her role as Olivia Walton in the long-running CBS drama series \"The Waltons\" (1972–1981). She has won a record four Primetime Emmy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4627090", "score": "1.041885", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Rural purge", "text": "President Richard Nixon and members of his administration, expressed displeasure at some of the replacement shows, many of which (especially the more socially conscious shows such as \"All in the Family\") were not particularly \"family-friendly\". The backlash from the purge prompted CBS to commission a rural family drama, \"The Waltons\", for its Fall 1972 schedule based on the TV film \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971). The network scheduled it in what it thought would be a death slot against popular series \"The Flip Wilson Show\" and \"The Mod Squad\", allegedly hoping the show would underperform and head to a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5012517", "score": "1.0417778", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Jess Walton", "text": "Jess Walton Jess Walton (born February 18, 1949) is an American actress, best known for her role as Jill Abbott on the CBS soap opera, \"The Young and the Restless\". Also she starred in the 2018 movie \"Christmas with a View\" Mary Jess Walton was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, but raised in Toronto, Canada, where she attended Loretto Abbey Catholic Secondary School. She left home at the age of 17 and joined a Toronto theater company. In 1969, she moved to Hollywood and in next year, signed with Universal Studios. In 1970s, Walton guest-starred in a number of television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5971225", "score": "1.0393083", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "York.\" \"The Waltons\" won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1973. Also in 1973 Richard Thomas won the Emmy for Lead Actor in a Drama Series. Michael Learned won the Emmy for Lead Actress in a Drama Series three times (1973, 1974, and 1976). Ellen Corby was also a three-time winner in the Supporting Actress category, winning in 1973, 1975, and 1976. Will Geer was awarded the Supporting Actor Emmy in 1975. Veteran actress Beulah Bondi won an Emmy in 1977 for Lead Actress in a Single Performance for her guest appearance as Martha Corrine Walton in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890303", "score": "1.0311216", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Earl Hamner Jr.", "text": "Earl Hamner Jr. Earl Henry Hamner Jr. (July 10, 1923 – March 24, 2016) was an American television writer and producer (sometimes credited as Earl Hamner), best known for his work in the 1970s and 1980s on the long-running series \"The Waltons\" and \"Falcon Crest\". As a novelist, he was best known for \"Spencer's Mountain\", inspired by his own childhood and formed the basis for both the film of the same name and the television series \"The Waltons\", for which he provided voice-over narration. Hamner was born July 10, 1923 in Schuyler, Virginia to Doris Marion (née Giannini) and Earl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3148500", "score": "1.021676", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Walton Girls High School", "text": "position was supported by parents, provided it remained single sex. On 14 October 1977 the school hosted BBC Radio 4's \"Any Questions?\" - the first time it had been staged in Grantham. The panel host was David Jacobs, and the guests were Sally Oppenheim, Austin Mitchell (newly elected MP for Grimsby), Steve Race (originally from Lincoln) and the author Alan Garner. The school became a specialist school in Performing Arts in 2002. It was awarded a second specialism in Applied Learning in December 2006, and a third, Languages, in April 2009. The school became eligible to apply to have a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12585136", "score": "1.0207297", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Waltons (UK band)", "text": "The Waltons (UK band) The Waltons were an anarchic band from the Isle of Wight in the UK. The socio-political post-punk/rock 5-piece fronted by Tony Gregson (aka Tony Walton), had one minor hit with \"Brown Rice\" (the long grain mix) in the mid-1980s, and starred in Annika, an early Colin Nutley movie shot on the Island about a boy falling in love with a Swedish exchange student. Later to be joined by Sean the Riddler, on various keyboards and found hubcaps. They were regular live performers on the Isle of Wight but never quite succeeded in totally breaking away from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5972556", "score": "1.0199125", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Stars Hollow", "text": "Waltons\". The Dragonfly Inn was the Waltons' home. The town's high school was the Hazzard County Courthouse. The set was subsequently used by Warner Bros. for \"Supernatural\", \"\", \"Pushing Daisies\", \"Eastwick\", and was also the setting for the town square in 2007's \"Norbit\". It was also used for the drama \"Ghost Whisperer\" after a fire at the Universal Studios backlot (Courthouse Square) in June 2008. It was also Walter and Gary's hometown Smalltown in the 2011 movie \"The Muppets\" Unionville, Ontario's Main Street was used as a stand-in for Stars Hollow in the show's pilot which became the first episode.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5031903", "score": "1.0186908", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Michael Learned", "text": "acting her life's work. She was billed as \"Miss Michael Learned\" on \"The Waltons\" (which ran from 1972–1981) because she was relatively unknown at the time, and producers wished to avoid confusion among viewers about her gender. By the sixth season, as the show continued its success and after the departure of co-star Richard Thomas, producers' fear of confusion about her sex had been alleviated and the \"Miss\" was removed from Learned's billing. She was nominated for six Emmy Awards and won three for her role of Olivia Walton. After the end of the sixth season, she agreed to appear", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4627084", "score": "1.01706", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Waltones", "text": "The Waltones The Waltones (later known as Candlestick Park) were an indie band from Manchester, England, who formed in September 1984. The band consisted of Alex Fyans (drums), Mark Collins (guitar), James Knox (vocals, harmonica) and Manny Lee (bass, backing vocals). Their debut release was the \"Downhill\" single, released by Medium Cool Records in April 1987, which, like the follow-up, \"She Looks Right Through Me\", placed on the UK Independent Chart. Third single \"Spell It Out\" gave them their biggest success, peaking at number 20 on the Indie Singles Chart. Debut album \"Deepest\" eventually saw a release in 1989, by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8642321", "score": "1.015046", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Waltons", "text": "(reflecting Ellen Corby's real-life stroke and the death of Will Geer, the actors who portrayed the characters). During the series' last few years, Mary Ellen and Ben start their own families; Erin, Jason and John-Boy are married in later television movie sequels. Conversely, the younger children Jim-Bob and Elizabeth, struggle to find and cement true love. World War II deeply affects the family. All four Walton boys enlist in the military. Mary Ellen's physician husband, Curtis \"Curt\" Willard, is sent to Pearl Harbor and is reported to have perished in the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941. Years later, Mary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890294", "score": "1.0149701", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "John Walton (actor)", "text": "John Walton (actor) John Walton (1952 – 17 July 2014) was an Australian actor of stage, television, and film, best known for his role in television soap opera The Young Doctors Walton was born in St. Ives, Sydney, Australia. He played Doctor Craig Rothwell in the television soap opera The Young Doctor during 1976 and 1977. In 1985 he also appeared in the miniseries \"Bodyline\", and he played the part of Sir Charles Kingsford Smith in the Australian mini-series \"A Thousand Skies\". He also completed a stint in \"Heartbreak High\" playing Nat Delaine from 1997 until 1998. Other television credits", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8562894", "score": "1.0130422", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Melvil Dewey" ]

[ { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "his system considerably for the second edition. In an introduction to that edition Dewey states that \"nearly 100 persons hav [spelling of 'have' per English-language spelling reform, which Dewey championed] contributed criticisms and suggestions\". One of the innovations of the Dewey Decimal system was that of positioning books on the shelves in relation to other books on similar topics. When the system was first introduced, most libraries in the US used fixed positioning: each book was assigned a permanent shelf position based on the book's height and date of acquisition. Library stacks were generally closed to all but the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109954", "score": "1.0519199", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "advisory committee was formed right away for the 16th and 17th editions. The 16th and 17th editions, under the editorship of the Library of Congress, grew again to two volumes. However, by now, the Dewey Decimal system had established itself as a classification for general libraries, with the Library of Congress Classification having gained acceptance for large research libraries. The first electronic version of \"Dewey\" was created in 1993. Hard-copy editions continue to be issued at intervals; the online WebDewey and Abridged WebDewey are updated quarterly. Dewey and a small editorial staff managed the administration of the very early editions.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109962", "score": "1.0361531", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "of the \"Library Journal\" and in an article by Dewey in the Department of Education publication \"Public Libraries in America\" in 1876. In March 1876, he applied for, and received copyright on the first edition of the index. The edition was 44 pages in length, with 2,000 index entries, and was printed in 200 copies. The second edition of the Dewey Decimal system, published in 1885 with the title \"\", comprised 314 pages, with 10,000 index entries. Five hundred copies were produced. Editions 3–14, published between 1888 and 1942, used a variant of this same title. Dewey modified and expanded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109953", "score": "1.0324147", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Melvil Dewey", "text": "Institute which was an organization conceived to provide for the investigation, study and discussion of issues within the field of library theory and practice. Immediately after receiving his undergraduate degree he was hired to manage Amherst's library and reclassify its collections. Dewey worked out a new scheme that superimposed a system of decimal numbers on a structure of knowledge first outlined by Sir Francis Bacon. For his decision to use a decimal system he may have been inspired by two library systems that he includes in the acknowledgements in the first publication of his system in 1876. In that preface,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "858692", "score": "1.0259883", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "privileged patrons, so shelf browsing was not considered of importance. The use of the Dewey Decimal system increased during the early 20th century as librarians were convinced of the advantages of relative positioning and of open shelf access for patrons. New editions were readied as supplies of previously published editions were exhausted, even though some editions provided little change from the previous, as they were primarily needed to fulfill demand. In the next decade, three editions followed closely on: the 3rd (1888), 4th (1891), and 5th (1894). Editions 6 through 11 were published from 1899 to 1922. The 6th edition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109955", "score": "1.018794", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "the organization of bibliographies rather than of books on the shelf; and the abridged edition. In 1933, the bibliographic edition became the Universal Decimal Classification, which left the library and abridged versions as the formal Dewey Decimal Classification editions. The 15th edition, edited by Milton Ferguson, implemented the growing concept of the \"standard edition\", designed for the majority of general libraries but not attempting to satisfy the needs of the very largest or of special libraries. It also reduced the size of the Dewey system by over half, from 1,900 to 700 pages. This revision was so radical that an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109961", "score": "1.0169957", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "periodicals concerning the United States generally. The classification also makes use of mnemonics in some areas, such that the number 5 represents the country Italy in classification numbers like 945 (history of Italy), 450 (Italian language), 195 (Italian philosophy). The combination of faceting and mnemonics makes the classification \"synthetic\" in nature, with meaning built into parts of the classification number. The Dewey Decimal Classification has a number for all subjects, including fiction, although many libraries maintain a separate fiction section shelved by alphabetical order of the author's surname. Each assigned number consists of two parts: a class number (from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109970", "score": "1.0083491", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "way, the Dewey Decimal Classification itself had the same relative positioning as the library shelf and could be used either as an entry point to the classification, by catalogers, or as an index to the Dewey-classed library itself. Dewey Decimal Classification numbers formed the basis of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), which combines the basic Dewey numbers with selected punctuation marks (comma, colon, parentheses, etc.). Adaptations of the system for specific regions outside the English-speaking world include the Korean Decimal Classification, the New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries, and the Nippon Decimal Classification (Japanese). Despite its widespread usage, the classification", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109972", "score": "0.9997116", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "include philosophy, social sciences, science, technology, and history. The scheme comprises ten classes, each divided into ten divisions, each having ten sections. The system's notation uses Arabic numbers, with three whole numbers making up the main classes and sub-classes and decimals designating further divisions. The classification structure is hierarchical and the notation follows the same hierarchy. Libraries not needing the full level of detail of the classification can trim right-most decimal digits from the class number to obtain more general classifications. For example: The classification was originally enumerative, meaning that it listed all of the classes explicitly in the schedules.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109968", "score": "0.9992225", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), or Dewey Decimal System, is a proprietary library classification system first published in the United States by Melvil Dewey in 1876. It has been revised and expanded through 23 major editions, the latest issued in 2011, and has grown from a four-page pamphlet in 1876. It is also available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries. It is currently maintained by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), a non-profit cooperative that serves libraries. OCLC licenses access to an online version for catalogers called WebDewey.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "system licensed by a single entity (OCLC), making it expensive to adopt. However, book classification critic Justin Newlan stands by the Dewey Decimal System, stating newer, more advanced book classification systems \"are too confusing to understand for newcomers\". In 1932 topics relating to homosexuality were first added to the system under 132 (mental derangements) and 159.9 (abnormal psychology). In 1952 homosexuality was also included under 301.424 (the study of sexes in society). In 1989 it was added to 363.49 (social problems), a classification that continues in the current edition. In 1996 homosexuality was added to 306.7 (sexual relations) which remains", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109974", "score": "0.9989849", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "Dewey Editorial Program Manager since 2016 has been Dr. Rebecca Green. Dewey himself held copyright in editions 1 to 6 (1876–1919). Copyright in editions 7–10 was held by the publisher, The Library Bureau. On the death of May Seymour, Dewey conveyed the \"copyrights and control of all editions\" to the Lake Placid Club Educational Foundation, a non-profit chartered in 1922. The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) of Dublin, Ohio, US, acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification system when it bought Forest Press in 1988. In 2003 the Dewey Decimal Classification came to the attention of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109965", "score": "0.99089766", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "had bias in them as well as far as the classification scheme, but have been easier to edit than the religion schema, and changes have been made. Some changes that have been made have been on what items are side by side numerically. Those items that are side by side are related to each other in the classification scheme. For example, the topic on women used to be next to etiquette. Those two terms being next to each other would associate women with etiquette rather than etiquette being gender neutral. This was changed in DDC version 17. Dewey Decimal Classification", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109977", "score": "0.9895066", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "was published in a record 7,600 copies, although subsequent editions were much lower. During this time, the size of the volume grew, and edition 12 swelled to 1243 pages, an increase of 25% over the previous edition. In response to the needs of smaller libraries which were finding the expanded classification schedules difficult to use, in 1894, the first abridged edition of the Dewey Decimal system was produced. The abridged edition generally parallels the full edition, and has been developed for most full editions since that date. By popular request, in 1930, the Library of Congress began to print Dewey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109956", "score": "0.9866747", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "In 2017 the editorial staff announced that the English edition of DDC will no longer be printed, in favor of using the frequently updated WebDewey. An experimental version of Dewey in RDF was previously available at dewey.info beginning in 2009, but has not been available since 2015. In addition to the full version, a single-volume abridged edition designed for libraries with 20,000 titles or fewer has been made available since 1895. The last printed English abridged edition, Abridged Edition 15, was published in early 2012. The Dewey Decimal Classification organizes library materials by discipline or field of study. Main divisions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109967", "score": "0.9843249", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "with participation of the American Library Association (ALA), Library of Congress, and Forest Press. By the 14th edition in 1942, the Dewey Decimal Classification index was over 1,900 pages in length and was published in two volumes. The growth of the classification to date had led to significant criticism from medium and large libraries which were too large to use the abridged edition but found the full classification overwhelming. Dewey had intended issuing the classification in three editions: the library edition, which would be the fullest edition; the bibliographic edition, in English and French, which was to be used for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109960", "score": "0.9823643", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Melvil Dewey", "text": "individuals to create traveling libraries. Increased library services to small or rural communities and underserved populations fortified the efforts of many to seek out education and self-improvement. As an enthusiastic supporter of the decimal metric system of weights and measures, Dewey established in 1876 the American Metric Bureau. Dewey also served once again as its secretary. He edited the Bureau's official publication, the \"Metric Bulletin\" (later called \"Metric Advocate\"), first issued in July 1876. Later in his life he was member of the Advisory Board of the All-America Standards Council (a California-based organization that promoted metrication for all countries in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "858698", "score": "0.9716486", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "of translating the classification into French, and using the classification system for bibliographies (as opposed to its use for books in libraries). This would have required some changes to the classification, which was under copyright. Dewey gave permission for the creation of a version intended for bibliographies, and also for its translation into French. Dewey did not agree, however, to allow the International Institute of Bibliography to later create an English version of the resulting classification, considering that a violation of their agreement, as well as a violation of Dewey's copyright. Shortly after Dewey's death in 1931, however, an agreement", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109958", "score": "0.9708496", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "to the books in that library, until in 1876 he had a first version of the classification. In 1876, he published the classification in pamphlet form with the title \"A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library.\" He used the pamphlet, published in more than one version during the year, to solicit comments from other librarians. It is not known who received copies or how many commented as only one copy with comments has survived, that of Ernest Cushing Richardson. His classification system was mentioned in an article in the first issue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109952", "score": "0.9699543", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "the U.S. press when OCLC sued the Library Hotel for trademark infringement for using the classification system as the hotel theme. The case was settled shortly thereafter. The OCLC has maintained the classification since 1988, and also publishes new editions of the system. The editorial staff responsible for updates is based partly at the Library of Congress and partly at OCLC. Their work is reviewed by the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee, a ten-member international board which meets twice each year. The four-volume unabridged edition was published approximately every six years, with the last edition (DDC 23) published in mid-2011.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109966", "score": "0.96657884", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "there are thousands. While Christianity is a popular religion with 33% of the world subscribing to it, Islam has a very large following as well and only has DDC 297 to work with. The entire 200 section has been largely the same since DDC 1, and it would likely be a large undertaking to completely rewrite this section, particularly for individual libraries to adapt to. Despite topics such as Islam only having a single digit associated with it, there is adequate room in that number, due to the ability to expand beyond the decimal point. The topics of women have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109976", "score": "0.96124923", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "has been criticized for its complexity and limited scope of scheme-adjustment. In particular, the arrangement of subheadings has been described as archaic and as being biased towards an Anglo-American world view. In 2007–08, the Maricopa County Library District in Arizona, abandoned the DDC in favor of the Book Industry Standards and Communications (BISAC) system, one that is commonly used by commercial bookstores, in an effort to make their libraries more accessible for patrons. Several other libraries across the United States, and other countries (including Canada and the Netherlands) followed suit. The classification has also been criticized as being a proprietary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109973", "score": "0.9532372", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "Over time it added some aspects of a faceted classification scheme, allowing classifiers to construct a number by combining a class number for a topic with an entry from a separate table. Tables cover commonly-used elements such as geographical and temporal aspects, language, and bibliographic forms. For example, a class number could be constructed using 330 for economics + .9 for geographic treatment + .04 for Europe to create the class 330.94 European economy. Or one could combine the class 973 (for the United States) + .05 (for periodical publications on the topic) to arrive at the number 973.05 for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109969", "score": "0.95178556", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Metis Classification", "text": "as well as students. Nancy Daigle has successfully replicated this system in her central Vermont library at Thatcher Brook Primary School, serving students in a preK-4 school. (http://tbpsmetis.blogspot.com/) 97 % of her students reported that they had, on occasion, been unable to find what they were looking for in the library, so she re-catalogued the collection to this system based on topic and genre. Children do not typically learn decimals until the end of fourth grade (pre-k 4 school). METIS, adapted from the system used at the Ethical Culture School in New York, eliminates the Dewey Decimal System!\" Metis Classification", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17167035", "score": "0.9460162", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "text": "index\" which allow new books to be added to a library in their appropriate location based on subject. Libraries previously had given books permanent shelf locations that were related to the order of acquisition rather than topic. The classification's notation makes use of three-digit Arabic numerals for main classes, with fractional decimals allowing expansion for further detail. Using Arabic numerals for symbols, it is flexible to the degree that numbers can be expanded in linear fashion to cover special aspects of general subjects. A library assigns a classification number that unambiguously locates a particular volume in a position relative to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "109950", "score": "0.93015563", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Electra Collins Doren", "text": "a school library department, a library training school and a reorganization that saw titles for the first time filed using the Dewey Decimal System. The institution of the Dewey Decimal System opened the library for public use for the first time and allowed for the country's first book wagon service, which took books to rural areas of the community. Doren left Dayton in 1905 and became the first director of the Western Reserve University Library School. Following the Great Dayton Flood (part of the Great Flood of 1913), she returned to Dayton as chief librarian until her death in 1927,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18484380", "score": "0.92622024", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Dewey-free classification", "text": "of numbers for all classification sends a message that libraries are only interested in serving English speakers. Dewey-free classification Dewey-free (also Dewey free, Dewey-less, or word-based) refers to library classification schemes developed as alternatives to Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Dewey-free systems are often based on the BISAC subject headings developed by the Book Industry Study Group, and are typically implemented in libraries with smaller collections. Instead of using numerical notation to indicate a document's shelving location, Dewey-free systems organize documents alphabetically by natural language words. Dewey-free systems have been implemented in both public and school libraries. A primary motivation for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18103267", "score": "0.9208823", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Harold B. Lee Library", "text": "U.S. Department of the Interior and congressional documents. A fire in 1884 destroyed at least forty volumes of the collection. Students rarely checked out books in the early 1900s, generally studying books in the library instead. The Dewey Decimal Classification system was introduced to the library in 1908. English professor Alice Louise Reynolds helped raise funds to purchase over 1,000 books for the library. She was the faculty chair of a committee to establish the library from 1906 to 1925. The library contained 29,592 volumes by 1923—almost half of them donated—and students had to stand in the library for lack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20203033", "score": "0.91416955", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "The College at Brockport, State University of New York", "text": "Dewey Decimal system. Affectionately remembered by alumni as \"Jenny Wren,\" she laid the foundations of a modern library. The library she presided over was in the central part of the old Normal School building, and included such things as a \"pen writing room,\" for writing with the fountain pens of that era – only pencils were allowed in the library proper! In Fall 1939 construction began on the building we know as Hartwell Hall, replacing the old Normal School building. The library in Hartwell was on the second floor, in the center of the building. From the 1940s on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2767985", "score": "0.9117245", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Dewey-free classification", "text": "Dewey-free classification Dewey-free (also Dewey free, Dewey-less, or word-based) refers to library classification schemes developed as alternatives to Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Dewey-free systems are often based on the BISAC subject headings developed by the Book Industry Study Group, and are typically implemented in libraries with smaller collections. Instead of using numerical notation to indicate a document's shelving location, Dewey-free systems organize documents alphabetically by natural language words. Dewey-free systems have been implemented in both public and school libraries. A primary motivation for the development of Dewey-free systems is to eliminate DDC's numerical notation, which many library patrons find intimidating.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18103257", "score": "0.9087675", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

[ "Miller Lite" ]

[ { "title": "Light beer", "text": "Light beer Light beer (invented in 1967 by American biochemist Joseph Owades) is a beer (usually a Pilsner) that is reduced in alcohol content or in calories compared to regular beers. Light beers may be chosen by beer drinkers who wish to manage their alcohol consumption or their calorie intake; however, they are sometimes criticised for being less flavourful than full-strength beers, or for tasting or actually being watered down. Light beers with significantly lower alcohol content allow consumers to drink more beers in a shorter period without becoming intoxicated. Low alcohol content can also mean a less expensive beer,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6885609", "score": "1.2357005", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Beer in the United States", "text": "including Anheuser-Busch InBev and MillerCoors. These large-scale brewers also produce other popular styles, often relatively light in body, flavor and calories. Light beer, which was introduced on a large scale by Miller Brewing Company in the early 1970s, is a beer made with reduced alcohol and carbohydrate content, and has grown to eclipse many of the original pale lager brands in sales. Bud Light, brewed by Anheuser-Busch InBev, is the top-selling beer in the United States. Ice beer is an example which has been partially freeze-distilled with the intention of concentrating flavor and alcohol. The technique is based on that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4930318", "score": "1.1348345", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Joseph Owades", "text": "Joseph Owades Joseph Lawrence Owades (July 9, 1919 – December 16, 2005) was an American biochemist and brewer of light and industrially produced beer. He adjusted analytical techniques and quality control, developing the first light beer and the process for making it, creating many new, unique, and successful specialty beers. He is regarded as the father of light beer. Owades was born in Manhattan, the son of Jewish parents, and raised in the Bronx. His father, Shmuel, was a dressmaker. In 1939 he graduated from City College of New York (undergraduate), followed by Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (Master’s and PhD in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6737586", "score": "1.1250299", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Old Milwaukee", "text": "New York, and that brewer coined the name \"Beer Ball\". Matt's first Beer Ball hit the market in 1977 and by 1982 it was being used by 10 other US and Canadian breweries. All four Old Milwaukee brews have won top honors at the Great American Beer Festival and the World Beer Cup. Over the past 10 years, Old Milwaukee Light has won more awards than any other light beer in America. Old Milwaukee Light was awarded the Gold medal in the category American-Style Light Lager at the 2008 World Beer Cup. All four brews have won numerous awards at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5521761", "score": "1.1153481", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company", "text": "reputedly brewing one of the first such light, crisp, cold brewed and cold aged beers in America in 1848, which they later claimed was the first in the United States, although John Wagner of Philadelphia preceded him in 1840. In time the operation proved highly successful, rising into the number six slot among American brewers by 1871. Max's son Rudolph Jay Schaefer took over as president until his death in 1923. The firm had a large brewery complex on Park Avenue in New York City and caves for lagering its beer along the East River. In the early 20th century", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15885319", "score": "1.1137223", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Coors Light", "text": "and therefore they gave the beer drinking demographic a shift. They were concerned about their health, but they also wanted to drink beer. There was a growing interest in low-calorie beverages. In 1975, light beers made up only 1% of beer consumption in the United States, and by 1994, they accounted for 35% of all domestic beer sold in the United States. In 1978, Coors introduced the popular Coors Light brand. Coors Light advertisings highlight the quality of the beer as \"the most refreshing place on earth\". Additionally, Coors Light ads are designed to target young demographics. The stories behind", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3388713", "score": "1.1007627", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery", "text": "the United States in 1973. Tecate and Tecate Light are popular pale lagers named after the city of Tecate, Baja California, where they were first produced in 1943. Originally brewed by a local company, Tecate was acquired by Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma in 1955. Tecate is sold in both distinctive red and blue aluminium cans and in twist-top bottles. Tecate Light was launched in 1992 by Héctor Emilio Ayala, who was the project manager. In 2013 Tecate Titanium, containing a greater amount of alcohol was launched as a new product of the company. In 2007, Dos Equis inaugurated its \"The Most Interesting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4251873", "score": "1.0994446", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Iron City Brewing Company", "text": "1975, ending a combined 152 years of brewing in Cumberland, Maryland. In January, 1974, the Pittsburgh Brewing Company acquired the Augustiner, Mark V, Robin Hood and Gambrinus brand names from August Wagner Breweries, Inc., Columbus, Ohio. By 1977, Pittsburgh Brewing Company was one of just 40 breweries left in the country. To rebound from difficult years, the brewery introduced a new light beer, Iron City Light—or IC Light. IC Light's aggressive marketing campaign targeted the young beer drinker. Both men and women enjoyed the new beer, which quickly captured 80 percent of the local light-beer market. IC Light’s popularity apparently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4471234", "score": "1.0802608", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Heineken Premium Light", "text": "Light was launched in all the states of the USA. With 68 million litres of Heineken Premium Light in 2006, the first year exceeded the estimated 40 million litres. For 2007, the estimates are over 100 million litres. Heineken mentioned in the 2006 annual report: \"The launch of this first true brand extension was the most important innovation in the actual beer since the Heineken brand was born in 1873.\" American sales of the beer, however, declined between 2007 and 2012, with 440,000 barrels (52.5 million litres) sold in America in 2012, according to a report by Beer Marketer's Insights", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10172166", "score": "1.0792055", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Miller Lite", "text": "Miller Lite was essentially the first mainstream light beer. After its first inception as \"Gablinger's Diet Beer,\" developed in 1967 by Joseph L. Owades, PhD, a biochemist working for New York's Rheingold Brewery, the recipe was given by Owades to Chicago's Peter Hand Brewing. That year, Peter Hand Brewing was purchased by a group of investors, renamed Meister Brau Brewing, and Lite was soon introduced as Meister Brau Lite, a companion to their flagship Meister Brau. Under the new management, Meister Brau Brewing encountered significant financial problems, and in 1972, sold several of its existing labels to Miller. The recipe was relaunched simply as \"Lite\" on packaging and in advertising (with \"Lite Beer from Miller\" being its \"official\" name until the late '90s) in the test markets of Springfield, Illinois, Knoxville, Tennessee, and San Diego, California, in 1973, and heavily marketed using masculine pro sports players and other, so-called, macho figures of the day in an effort to sell to the key beer-drinking male demographic. Miller Lite was introduced nationally in 1975. Miller's heavy-advertising approach worked where the two previous light beers had failed, and Miller's early production totals of 12.8 million barrels quickly increased to 24.2 million barrels by 1977 as Miller rose to 2nd place in the American brewing marketplace. Other brewers responded, in particular Anheuser-Busch with its heavily advertised Bud Light in 1982, which eventually overtook Lite in sales by 1994. Anheuser-Busch played on the branding style of \"Lite\" by highlighting the fact that their beer was called \"Bud Light,\" as \"everything else is just a light.\" In 1992, light beers became the biggest domestic beer in America, and in 1998, Miller relabeled its \"Lite\" brand as \"Miller Lite.\"", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Beer in the Caribbean", "text": "a pale lager also sold on the island. Medalla Light and Silver Key are commercial light lager beers produced by Compañía Cervecera de Puerto Rico. The first beer won first prize in 2005 for light beer in Brussels awarded by Monde Selection. Currently, it is the top selling beer in Puerto Rico. In addition, they launched Magna on August 1, 2011. Micro- and nano-breweries are gaining popularity in the island. Boquerón Brewing Company, from Cabo Rojo, produces several beer styles, the most popular being Boquerón Pale Ale, Boquerón Blonde Ale and Crash Boat IPA. They also make Gas Chambers, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11174023", "score": "1.0772566", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Beer in the United States", "text": "of corn, birch sap and water. The earliest record of brewing by non-native peoples dates from 1587, and the first commercial brewery in the United States was built by the Dutch West India Company in 1632 in Lower Manhattan on Brewers (later Stone) Street. On February 5, 1663 Nicholas Varlett obtained from Peter Stuyvesant a patent for a brewery on Castle Point in Hoboken, New Jersey. The brewing traditions of England and the Netherlands (as brought to New York) ensured that colonial drinking would be dominated by beer rather than wine. Until the middle of the 19th century, British-style ales", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4930290", "score": "1.0750912", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Pale lager", "text": "Bräu, and Hacker-Pschorr; with Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu producing a 5.2% abv pale lager called \"Spaten Munchner Hell\". The earliest known brewing of pale lager in America was in the Old City section of Philadelphia by John Wagner in 1840 using yeast from his native Bavaria. Modern American lagers are usually made by large breweries such as Anheuser-Busch. Lightness of body is a cardinal virtue, both by design and since it allows the use of a high percentage of rice or corn. Though all lagers are well attenuated, a more fully fermented pale lager in Germany goes by the name \"Diät-Pils\" or \"\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2153365", "score": "1.0685017", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Iron City Brewing Company", "text": "with brewing started in June and bottling/kegging production resumed in July 2009. Iron City Brewing Company's most popular products are: Iron City Beer (a macro-style pilsner), I.C Light, Augustiner and Augustiner Dark. PBC also produces: American, American Light, American Ice, Old German, Brigade and Brigade Light. In June 2011, I.C. Light Mango was launched. Another new beer, I. C. Light Berry, was distributed in July 2012. Other brands include Drummond Bros. and Drewrys, which were acquired from the Evansville Brewing Company (Evansville, Indiana) in the late 1990s and today are largely shipped to midwestern markets such as Louisville, Kentucky, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4471238", "score": "1.0668571", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Anheuser-Busch brands", "text": "in addition to hops and barley malt. Budweiser is produced in various breweries located around the United States and the rest of the world. It is a filtered beer available in draught and packaged forms. Lower strength versions are distributed in regions with restrictive alcohol laws. Introduced in 1982 as Budweiser Light, Budweiser's flagship light beer with 4.2% ABV and . From 1993 to 1998, Bud Light aired 30-second commercials featuring Rob and Laura from the CBS series \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\". A slightly sweeter, higher alcohol version of Bud Light launched in early 2012, with 6% ABV. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14113733", "score": "1.0564142", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Beer in Mexico", "text": "success with exports. The beer was introduced with television ads and featured in two-for-one specials at many bars. However, light beer is generally not favored in Mexico, with the exception of Tecate Light in the north. With poor sales, Corona Light is rarely found in Mexico other than a few select places. A recent trend amongst young adults has created a niche for light beers and most \"hip\" bars usually stock at least one brand of light beer, but this is not common outside of large cities. Beer in Mexico Beer in Mexico has a long history. While Mesoamerican cultures", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4926579", "score": "1.0551203", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "August Schell Brewing Company", "text": "tenure, the brewery responded to its customers changing preferences by introducing Schell's Export Beer, Schell's Light Beer, and 1919 Root Beer (named after the year prohibition was implemented). In 1984, Warren's son Ted Marti took over operations of the brewery and became President of the brewery in 1985. Having studied at the Siebels Institute of Brewing, Ted began expanding the line of beers offered by the Schell's Brewery. One of those beers, Schell's Pilsener, earned a gold medal at the Great American Beer Festival in 1988. Schell's continued to expand its beer offerings through the 1990s, brewing 38 different beers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8458969", "score": "1.0453023", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "American pale ale", "text": "darker and maltier due to use of crystal malts. Anchor Liberty Ale, a 6% abv ale originally brewed by Anchor Brewing Company as a special in 1975 to commemorate Paul Revere's midnight ride in 1775 which marked the start of the American War of Independence, was seen by Michael Jackson as the first modern American ale. Fritz Maytag, the owner of Anchor, visited British breweries in London, Yorkshire and Burton upon Trent, picking up information about robust pale ales, which he used when he made his American version using just malt rather than the malt and sugar combination common in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7473450", "score": "1.042289", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Light beer", "text": "especially where excise is determined by alcohol content. This is the primary definition of the term in countries such as Australia and Scotland. In Australia, regular beers have approximately 5% alcohol by volume; light beers may have 2.2%–3.2% alcohol. In Scotland, the term derives from shilling categories, where 'light' customarily means a beer with less than 3.5% alcohol by volume. Reducing the caloric content of beer is accomplished primarily by reducing the carbohydrate content, and secondarily by reducing the alcohol content, since both carbohydrates and alcohol contribute to the caloric content of beer. Unlike reduced-alcohol light beers, the alcohol reduction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6885610", "score": "1.0415257", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "New Albion Brewing Company", "text": "New Albion Brewing Company The New Albion Brewing Company is known as the first American craft beer brewery. Founded in 1976 by Jack McAuliffe (born 1945) in Sonoma, California, New Albion is acknowledged as the first United States microbrewery of the modern era, as well as a heavy influence on the subsequent microbrewery and craft beer movements of the late 20th century. New Albion was resurrected in 2012 under the supervision of McAuliffe, himself, and Boston Beer Company. The current president is McAuliffe's daughter, Renee M. DeLuca. McAuliffe began as a homebrewer, influenced by the beer he sampled while stationed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15598959", "score": "1.0408366", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Beer in Mexico", "text": "after Corona, and was first brewed in 1925. It is a pilsner-style beer that is available in both bottle and cans since 1966. It is second in popularity in Mexico and the company's third best seller in the USA. A light version, called Modelo Light, has been available since 1994. Superior, made by Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma, was, as the name suggests, originally brewed to be a premium beer. Recently, interest in this beer has reappeared, and it received a gold medal at the Monde Selection in Brussels, Belgium. The design of the label has not changed in the fifty years this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4926571", "score": "1.040684", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Karl Strauss Brewing Company", "text": "Downtown San Diego, opened in 1989. It was the first brewery of any type to operate in San Diego since 1953, and the first-ever brewpub in San Diego. At the time the craft brewing industry was in its infancy and the American standard for beer was light, mild and mass-produced, but Cramer felt that the country was ready for beers with more personality. He believed that “If we could get this style of beer into people’s mouths, we could create converts.” The company's first distributing brewery began producing beer in late 1991. In 1996 the company’s distributing brewery operations were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9394212", "score": "1.0386361", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Pale ale", "text": "hops in the style of APA and use the name \"pale ale\", was the Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, which brewed the first experimental batch of Sierra Nevada Pale Ale in November 1980, distributing the finished version in March 1981. Anchor Liberty Ale, a 6% abv ale originally brewed by the Anchor Brewing Company as a special in 1975 to commemorate Paul Revere's midnight ride in 1775, which marked the start of the American War of Independence, was seen by Michael Jackson, a writer on beverages, as the first modern American ale. Fritz Maytag, the owner of Anchor, visited British breweries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1357464", "score": "1.0378023", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "American pale ale", "text": "gallons) per week, it inspired many more pioneers and imitators. The first brewery to successfully commercialize the use of significant quantities of American hops in the style of APA was the Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, which brewed the first experimental batch of Sierra Nevada Pale Ale in November 1980, distributing the finished version in March 1981. Another pioneer of the hoppy American pale ale was Bert Grant of Yakima Brewing. American pale ale American pale ale (APA) is a style of pale ale developed in the United States around 1980. American pale ales are generally around 5% abv with significant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7473452", "score": "1.0371382", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Westmalle Brewery", "text": "beer was brewed on 1 August 1836 and first imbibed on 10 December 1836. The pioneer brewers were Father Bonaventura Hermans and Albericus Kemps. The first beer was described as light in alcohol and rather sweet. By 1856, the monks had added a second beer: the first strong brown beer. This brown beer is today considered the first double (dubbel, in Dutch). The current Dubbel is derived from a recipe first brewed in 1926. Local sales began in 1856 and the oldest registered sale was on 1 January 1861. The brewery was enlarged and rebuilt in 1865 based on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4688925", "score": "1.0369797", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Matt Brewing Company", "text": "Bud! Look out Miller! New Matt's Light is a giant killer With taste that's great and body surprising Look out you guys—a new sun is arising. We're not very big compared to you But we love our beer and know how to brew— A great light beer—with malt and hops Shove over guys—your monopoly stops Competition with larger brewers, within the context of staying afloat in a Rust Belt city such as Utica, was a continual theme for the Matt Brewery throughout the 1980s. For example, in 1985, F.X. Matt II sponsored an open letter to then Utica Mayor Louis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7424605", "score": "1.0356408", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Beer in the United States", "text": "finished product. The dominance of the so-called \"macrobrew\" led to an international stereotype of \"American beer\" as poor in quality and flavor. By the 1970s, consolidation and dominance by the country's major brewers led to the fewest number of breweries in the country's modern history. Despite this, the period also saw the beginnings of the country's current craft beer movement. In 1976, optical engineer and homebrewer Jack McAuliffe founded New Albion Brewing Company in Sonoma County, California, becoming the nation's first microbrewery since Prohibition. Influenced by Fritz Maytag's recent turnaround of the Anchor Brewing Company and an earlier military stationing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4930304", "score": "1.0284622", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Beer in the United States", "text": "in Scotland, McAuliffe's brewery offered bottle-conditioned porter, stout, and pale ale to a public more accustomed to lightly-flavored lagers. Despite only staying in business for seven years, New Albion ignited an interest in craft beer and set a precedent for a generation of craft brewers, including Ken Grossman and the owners of Mendocino Brewing Company, the nation's first brewpub. On October 14, 1978, H.R. 1337 was signed into law, which legalized the home production of a small amount of beer or wine for personal consumption. Since then, the United States has witnessed a resurgence of brewing culture and the widespread", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4930305", "score": "1.0264069", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Beer in the United States", "text": "company in the United States, having been established in 1829 by David Yuengling, and is one of the largest breweries by volume in the country. Headquartered in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, it is currently the largest American-owned brewery. One of the earliest large-scale brewers was Best Brewing, a Milwaukee brewery built by German immigrant Phillip Best in the 1840s. It began shipping its beer to Chicago and St. Louis the following decade, first by ferry and eventually by rail, establishing an early trans-market beer brand in the United States. Other successful breweries of the era begun by German immigrants in Milwaukee included", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4930293", "score": "1.0248798", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Grupo Modelo", "text": "bottled in a clear bottle, increasing the opportunity for spoilage. Exposure to sunlight or light from fluorescent bulbs such as those used in refrigerated display cases significantly damages the taste of beer, yielding a taste that is often described as \"skunky\". This is the result of the essential hop oils spoiling due to UV exposure. The second Corona brand is \"Corona Light\", the first light beer produced by this brewer. \"Corona Light\" has 3.4% alcohol by volume, , per bottle. \"Victoria\" is a 4% abv Vienna lager first brewed in Toluca, México, in 1865 by Compañía Toluca y México. Grupo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4950494", "score": "1.0236418", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

[ "Mariah Carey" ]

[ { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & The Valiants song)", "text": "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & The Valiants song) \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is a Christmas song recorded by American novelty act Vince Vance & the Valiants. Initially released as a single in 1989, Vince Vance's version of the song has charted several times on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. It is Vince Vance & the Valiants' only chart entry. \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is a mid-tempo in triple meter, featuring lead vocals from Lisa Burgess Stewart, who now records under the name Lisa Layne. In it, the female narrator", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12829361", "score": "1.2142178", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "song for her second holiday album, \"Merry Christmas II You\", titled \"All I Want for Christmas Is You (Extra Festive)\". Carey also re-recorded the song as a duet with Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his 2011 album \"Under the Mistletoe\", titled \"All I Want for Christmas for You (SuperFestive!)\". The song has also been covered by many artists over the years. In the years since its original release, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" has been critically acclaimed; it was once called \"one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon\" in \"The New Yorker\". It has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027087", "score": "1.1982989", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "the song merrily bouncing along.\" Lyrically, the song describes the yearning desire to be with a loved one for Christmas, regardless of whether they have to forgo the usual commercial aspect of the holiday season such as ornamental lights, trees, snow and presents. The song incorporates various instruments, including piano, drums, violin, oboe, flute, bell chimes, bass effect, and cowbells. The song layers background vocals throughout the chorus and sections of the bridge. \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is played at an original tempo of 150.162 beats per minute. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027100", "score": "1.1981713", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & The Valiants song)", "text": "100 Airplay charts), and has re-appeared on the Hot Country Recurrents chart every Christmas since late 2000-early 2001. Sammy Kershaw covered the song on his 1994 album \"Christmas Time's A-Comin\". Santa's Doo Wop Helpers (Joel Katz, Johnny Maestro, Bobby Jay and Larry Chance) recorded the song in 1996 for various compilation Christmas CDs. LeAnn Rimes covered the song for her 2004 Christmas album \"What a Wonderful World\". All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & The Valiants song) \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is a Christmas song recorded by American novelty act Vince Vance & the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12829365", "score": "1.1738997", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "locked in a Brill Building safe.\" In a piece on the song in \"Vogue\", a writer felt the song's lyrics helped solidify its status over two decades later: \"those lyrics could have been sung by Frank Sinatra—well, maybe not Frank, but another singer back then. I think that's what gives it that timeless, classic quality.\" \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" received critical acclaim from music critics. Parisien called the song \"a year-long banger\", complimenting its instrumentation and melody. Steve Morse, editor of \"The Boston Globe\", wrote that Carey sang with a lot of soul. According to Barry Schwartz", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027104", "score": "1.1538179", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "home-movie-style footage of Carey, her dogs and family during the holiday season, as well as Carey dressed in a Santa suit frolicking on a snowy mountainside. Carey's then-husband Tommy Mottola makes a cameo appearance as Santa Claus, bringing Carey a gift and leaving on a red sleigh. The second video was filmed in black and white, and features Carey dressed in 1960s style in homage to The Ronettes, alongside back up singers and female dancers. Carey has performed \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" during numerous live television appearances and tours throughout her career. In 2010, Carey re-recorded the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027086", "score": "1.1481594", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)", "text": "well as reentering many times throughout the years. In the US, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is one of the few songs in recent years to be considered a classic and is the only holiday song and ringtone to reach multi-Platinum status in the US. \"Merry Christmas\" has sold 15 million copies worldwide, and is the best-selling Christmas album of all time. On March 21, 2017, Carey announced via her Twitter account that a film based on \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is being developed. A musical film based on \"Merry Christmas\", the plot revolves around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5228402", "score": "1.1475577", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "to the album, we had to have a nice balance between standard Christian hymns and fun songs. It was definitely a priority for me to write at least a few new songs, but for the most part people really want to hear the standards at Christmas time, no matter how good a new song is.\" \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is an uptempo song, composed with pop, soul, R&B, gospel, dance-pop and rhythmic adult contemporary influences and stylings. By early August, Carey already had two original songs written alongside Afanasieff: the \"sad and ballad-y\" \"Miss You Most (At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027097", "score": "1.1452186", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the song is set in common time and in the key of G major. Carey's vocal range in the song spans from the note of G to the high note of A. Carey wrote the song's lyrics and melody, while Afanasieff arranged and produced the piece with synthetically created computerized equipment. \"Slate\"s Ragusea counts \"at least 13 distinct chords at work, resulting in a sumptuously chromatic melody. The song also includes what I consider the most Christmassy chord of all—a minor subdominant, or 'iv,' chord with an added 6, under the words 'underneath the Christmas tree,' among", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027101", "score": "1.1359297", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "\"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is a Christmas song performed by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. She wrote and produced the song alongside Walter Afanasieff. Columbia Records released it on November 1, 1994, as the lead single from her fourth studio album and first holiday album, Merry Christmas (1994). It is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, heavy back-up vocals, and synthesizers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & The Valiants song)", "text": "(Layne), explains that she does not want Christmas decorations or gifts from Santa Claus. Instead, all she wants for Christmas is her lover. The melody used in the song is based on Bobby Vinton's number 9 pop hit single from early 1964, \"My Heart Belongs to Only You,\" with a few minor alterations. In his review of the album \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", Allmusic reviewer Jason Birchmeier referred to the song as a \"holiday favorite within the country community during the '90s\" but noted that the rest of the album was not \"remotely worth bothering with.\" Having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12829362", "score": "1.1266955", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Merry Christmas II You", "text": "singer's \"deeper, throatier tones\" and \"octave-scaling high notes\". It is followed by \"One Child\", written by Carey and Marc Shaiman, a retelling of the nativity of Jesus. It encompasses a range of genres, including Christmas, adult contemporary, urban contemporary and religious music. \"All I Want for Christmas Is You – Extra Festive\" is a re-recording of the original, which makes use of extra chimes, \"beefier\" production with softened bell rings and an added kick drum and new vocals. The final track is a rewrite of \"Auld Lang Syne\" by Scottish poet and lyricist Robert Burns, which was written in 1788", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14877837", "score": "1.1257126", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "nucleus of the song, the melody primary music, and then some of the words were there as we finished writing it. I started playing some rock 'n' roll piano and started boogie woogie-ing my left hand, and that inspired Mariah to come up with the melodic [Sings.] 'I don't want a lot for Christmas.' And then we started singing and playing around with this rock 'n' roll boogie song, which immediately came out to be the nucleus of what would end up being 'All I Want For Christmas Is You.' That one went very quickly: It was an easier song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027093", "score": "1.1174561", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas (film)", "text": "All I Want for Christmas (film) All I Want for Christmas is a 1991 American romantic comedy film directed by Robert Lieberman, and starring Harley Jane Kozak, Lauren Bacall, Thora Birch, Ethan Randall, and Leslie Nielsen. The score was composed by Bruce Broughton, including a theme-setting song by Stephen Bishop. In New York City, siblings Ethan (Ethan Randall) and Hallie O'Fallon (Thora Birch) launch a hilarious scheme to get what they most want for Christmas involving their parents, Catherine (Harley Jane Kozak) and Michael (Jamey Sheridan), and grandmother, Lillian (Lauren Bacall). When Hallie meets Santa Claus (Leslie Nielsen), she asks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10760597", "score": "1.1087987", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "effects, drums and triangle. While Carey continued writing material in her rented home in The Hamptons, Afanasieff completed the song's programming and awaited to rendezvous with her a final time in order to layer and harmonize the background vocals. In touching on several aspects of what excited her to record and release her Christmas album, Carey went into detail on what writing and recording the song and album meant for her: \"I'm a very festive person and I love the holidays. I've sung Christmas songs since I was a little girl. I used to go Christmas caroling. When it came", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027096", "score": "1.1032145", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan", "text": "All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan is the first Christmas album by country music singer Kenny Chesney, released on October 7, 2003. The album was certified gold in the U.S. and has sold 922,900 copies in the United States as of December 2016. In addition to original tracks and renditions of traditional Christmas music, the album features three covers. \"Christmas in Dixie\" was originally recorded by Alabama and features Alabama's lead singer, Randy Owen, as a duet partner. \"Thank God for Kids\" was previously recorded by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9867059", "score": "1.1030371", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "All I Really Want for Christmas", "text": "the background. All I Really Want for Christmas All I Really Want for Christmas is the third Christmas album by Steven Curtis Chapman, released on September 27, 2005. The album includes traditional holiday favorites such as \"Go Tell It on the Mountain\" and \"Silver Bells\", as well as some of Chapman's own Christmas songs, some of which had appeared on his previous Christmas albums. Chapman's adopted daughter, Shaohannah, appears with her father on the album cover. On the first track, she reads the passage of the Nativity of Jesus (Luke 2:7-14) with the music of \"The Night Before Christmas\" (track", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6519383", "score": "1.1010855", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "Is You\" was recorded that August and took 15 minutes to compose. Often referencing herself a festive person and demonstrating a usual penchant for her love of all things Christmas, Carey began decorating the home she shared with Mottola in upstate New York (which also came equipped with a personal recording studio) with Christmas ornaments and other holiday-inspired trinkets. In doing so, Carey felt she could capture the essence and spirit of what she was singing and make her vocal performance and delivery more emotive and authentic. The songwriting pair carved out the chords, structure and melody for the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027091", "score": "1.1004821", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth", "text": "with The Andrews Sisters, Urbie Green, The Platters, Dread Zeppelin, The Kelly Family, Nat King Cole (reportedly Gardner's favorite version), The Chipmunks, the Hampton String Quartet, The Three Stooges and Count von Count of \"Sesame Street.\" In the versions by Spike, The Chipmunks (Theodore on lead vocals), and Ray Stevens, the song ends with the performer shouting the words \"Happy New Year!!!\" Homer and Jethro parodied the song as \"All I Want for Christmas Is My Upper Plate\", on their 1968 album \"Cool Crazy Christmas\". Drag performer and singer RuPaul parodied the song on his Christmas album \"Ho, Ho, Ho\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6756253", "score": "1.0959299", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Oh Santa!", "text": "December 7, while a mix of \"Oh Santa! and one of Carey's previous Christmas songs \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", titled \"Oh Santa! All I Want for Christmas Is You (Holiday Mashup)\", was released on December 17. \"Oh Santa!\" is an up-tempo and festive R&B song, which lasts for a duration of three minutes, thirty-one seconds. It has a 1960s girl-group swing feel. The song, in the key of C♯ major, has a tempo of 80 beats per minute. Carey's voice spans more than three octaves, from B to the high note of F. Instrumentation consists of sleigh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14957861", "score": "1.090203", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "the original song to pieces—we blast it while decorating our Christmas tree and lighting our Menorah.\" Shona Craven of Scotland's \"The Herald\", said, \"[it's] a song of optimism and joy that maybe, just maybe, hints at the real meaning of Christmas.\" Additionally, she felt the main reason it was so successful is the subject \"you\" in the lyrics, explaining, \"Perhaps what makes the song such a huge hit is the fact that it's for absolutely everyone.\" Craven opened her review with a bold statement: \"Bing Crosby may well be turning in his grave, but no child of the 1980s will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027106", "score": "1.0901283", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Mariah Carey", "text": "Dirty Bastard, of the Wu-Tang Clan, for the 1995 hit \"Fantasy (Remix)\", it was a surprise, and a smash.\" Aside from her pop culture and musical influence, Carey is credited for releasing a classic Christmas song called \"All I Want for Christmas Is You.\" In a retrospective look at Carey's career, Sasha Frere-Jones of \"The New Yorker\" said, the \"charming\" song was one of Carey's biggest accomplishments, calling it \"one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon.\" \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" fourth on its Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs list,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "260800", "score": "1.0888386", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth", "text": "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth \"All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth\" is a novelty Christmas song written in 1944 by Donald Yetter Gardner while teaching music at public schools in Smithtown, New York. He asked his second grade class what they wanted for Christmas, and noticed that almost all of the students had at least one front tooth missing as they answered in a lisp. Gardner wrote the song in 30 minutes. In a 1995 interview, Gardner said, \"I was amazed at the way that silly little song was picked up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6756251", "score": "1.0874596", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "All I Really Want for Christmas", "text": "All I Really Want for Christmas All I Really Want for Christmas is the third Christmas album by Steven Curtis Chapman, released on September 27, 2005. The album includes traditional holiday favorites such as \"Go Tell It on the Mountain\" and \"Silver Bells\", as well as some of Chapman's own Christmas songs, some of which had appeared on his previous Christmas albums. Chapman's adopted daughter, Shaohannah, appears with her father on the album cover. On the first track, she reads the passage of the Nativity of Jesus (Luke 2:7-14) with the music of \"The Night Before Christmas\" (track 13) in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6519382", "score": "1.0864356", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "towards the end of a musician's waning career. Afanasieff recalled his sentiments during initial discussions for a holiday record: \"Back then, you didn't have a lot of artists with Christmas albums. It wasn't a known science at all back then, and there was nobody who did new, big Christmas songs. So we were going to release it as kind of an everyday, 'Hey, you know, we're putting out a Christmas album. No big deal.'\" Ultimately, with Mottola's persistence, Carey and Afanasieff began writing songs for its parent album \"Merry Christmas\" during the summer of 1994. \"All I Want for Christmas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027090", "score": "1.0841913", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "become established as a Christmas standard and continues to surge in popularity each holiday season. The song was commercially successful, topping the charts in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia and Sweden while reaching number two in Australia, Austria, Japan, and the United Kingdom, and the top 10 in several other countries. With global sales of over 16 million copies, the song remains Carey's biggest international success and is the 11th best-selling single of all time. As of 2017, the song was reported to have earned $60 million in royalties. Following the success of the singer's 1993", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027088", "score": "1.0822736", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is New Year's Day", "text": "All I Want for Christmas Is New Year's Day \"All I Want for Christmas Is New Year's Day\" is a song by British synthpop duo Hurts. In the first week of its release, the song was made as a free download on iTunes in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and was \"Single of the Week\". The single charted at number 67 in Austria. Regarding the release of the song, Hurts declared in an interview that, \"[i]t's about the worst Christmas of our lives, which we're releasing on the best Christmas of our lives. Also, we used previous cast members for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187844", "score": "1.0817782", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)", "text": "due to the song's popularity in Europe, it was included in the album's international edition. \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", the lead single from Carey's holiday album \"Merry Christmas\" also made the international track listing. The song became one of the best-selling singles by a non–Asian female, and the best-selling Japanese single of 1994, selling 1.1 million copies. Additionally, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" was called \"one of the essential musical hallmarks of the holiday season\", and is the only holiday song and ringtone to reach multi-platinum status in the US. Occupying three of the thirteen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5051128", "score": "1.0790403", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Mariah Carey", "text": "Ross's \"Endless Love\". Carey's album \"Merry Christmas\" was released on November 1, 1994, on the same day that the album's first single, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", was released. The album eventually became the best-selling Christmas album of all time, with global sales reaching over 15 million copies. Upon its release, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" was critically praised, and is considered \"one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon.\" \"Rolling Stone\" described it as a \"holiday standard and ranked it fourth on its Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs list. Commercially, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "260716", "score": "1.0754987", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "text": "half-century worthy of inclusion in the Great American Songbook.\" \"The A.V. Club\"s Annie Zaleski attributes the song's enduring appeal to its ambiguity in being able to pin it down as belonging to a specific era. Critics also noted the song a tad reminiscent of the works of Judy Garland and Nat King Cole, while also describing it as hearkening back to \"'60s and '70s Motown covers of prewar Christmas classics, such as The Jackson 5's [and] Stevie Wonder\". \"Slate\"s Ragusea conceded that \"All I Want For Christmas Is You\" \"sounds like it could have been written in the '40s and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5027103", "score": "1.0711409", "original_retrieval_index": 40 } ]

[ "Sarah", "Abraham" ]

[ { "title": "Eli (biblical figure)", "text": "was a Judge of Israel for a total of 40 years, and dies at the age of 98. His daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas, is pregnant and near the time of delivery. When she hears the news that the Ark of God has been captured and that her father-in-law and husband are dead, she goes into labour and gives birth, but is overcome by labour pains. As she is dying, the women attending her say, \"Don't despair; you have given birth to a son.\" But she does not respond or pay any attention. She names the boy Ichabod, saying \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3279883", "score": "0.99961364", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Anne Graham Lotz", "text": "was beginning his dental practice. She had her first child at the age of 20, with two more in the three years that followed, and she did not work outside her home. Lotz says this was a hard time in her life saying: “Early in my marriage, I felt like I drifted from God just because I was busy – you know, small children, small house, all the business of being a housewife. But I sought God through the Scripture. That’s when I got into the Bible myself.” In 1975, Lotz heard about Bible Study Fellowship, a Bible class for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10927111", "score": "0.9425095", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Genealogies of Genesis", "text": "these totals. The three versions agree on some of the total ages at death, but many of the other numbers differ by exactly 100. The Septuagint numbers for the ages of the fathers at the birth of their sons, are in many instances 100 greater than the corresponding numbers in the other two versions. The Samaritan chronology has Jared and Methuselah dying in Noah's 600th year, the year of the Flood. The Masoretic chronology also has Methuselah dying in Noah’s 600th year, but the Masoretic version uses a different chronology than the Samaritan version. The Lucianic text of the Septuagint", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4254352", "score": "0.93858635", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Chronology of the Bible", "text": "their schematizations of time. These chronologies include: It should be noted that some data in this table are questionable. For example, Genesis 11:10 states that Shem was 100 years old when he gave birth to his son two years after the flood. The statement (Gn 5:32) that Noah was 500 years old when his sons were born, means that they were born starting then. Some commentators state that Shem was the youngest of the three, which could mean that he was born two years later in order to make his age 100 two years after the flood. If one starts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9465709", "score": "0.9355385", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Genealogies of Genesis", "text": "after the flood when he was 100years old. In the Masoretic, Vulgate and the Samaritan Pentateuch the method of starting from the birth of Noah and adding exactly 500 years until Shem, and adding another 100 years until the birth of Arphaxad would be the same year as the death of Methuselah following the above chart. Since Methuselah was not mentioned in Genesis among those who were aboard the ark, it is possible that his death came in the same year of the flood. Based on the Masoretic Text, counting 1656 years on the above chart will result in being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4254350", "score": "0.93473583", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Psalm 100", "text": "Psalm 100 Psalm 100 is the 100th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version: \"Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands\". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 99 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"Jubilate Domino omnis terra\". The psalm, a hymn psalm, is a regular part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9367595", "score": "0.92691135", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Jochebed", "text": "chronology, Moses was 80 years old when the Exodus occurred, the Israelites had been in Egypt for 210 years in total, and thus in combination with the rabbinical claim that Jochebed was born on the border of Egypt, as her parents had entered it, this would require Jochebed to have been 130 years old when she gave birth to Moses; rabbinical literature regards this to have been alluded to by the biblical description of the dedication of the Israelite altar, at which 130 shekel weight of silver was offered. According to Josephus Flavius the birth of Moses was an extraordinary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2217324", "score": "0.90885234", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Luke 1", "text": "Mary's mother was a descendant of Aaron and her father a descendant of David. In Gabriel gives a prophecy about seventy weeks and the \"Anointed One\". If one adds the 180 days that Elizabeth was pregnant before Mary's conception plus the 270 days of Mary's pregnancy plus the forty days of \"purification\" in , one gets 490 days, or seventy weeks. Many Christians have seen this as a fulfillment of prophecy, but skeptics tend to counter that Luke could be constructing his story to fit what he sees as fulfillments of prophecy, whether real or not. God's promise of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6241520", "score": "0.9013018", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Bereshit (parsha)", "text": "lived 500 years, he had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. God set the days allowed to man at 120 years. Divine beings admired and took wives from among the daughters of men, who bore the Nephilim, heroes of old, men of renown. The ninth open portion (, \"petuchah\") ends here. As the reading continues with the maftir () reading that concludes the parashah, God saw how great man's wickedness was and how man's every plan was evil, and God regretted making man and became saddened. God expressed an intention to blot men and animals from the earth, but Noah", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6203743", "score": "0.9004941", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Sarah", "text": "In Genesis 17 when Abram was ninety-nine years old, God declared his new name: \"Abraham\" – \"a father of many nations\", and gave him the covenant of circumcision. God gave Sarai the new name \"Sarah\", and blessed her. Abraham was given assurance that Sarah would have a son. Not long afterwards, Abraham and Sarah were visited by three men. One of the visitors told Abraham that upon his return next year, Sarah would have a son. While at the tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said, and she laughed to herself about the prospect of having a child at their ages. The visitor inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at the idea of bearing a child, for her age was as nothing to God. Sarah soon became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham, at the very time which had been spoken. The patriarch, then a hundred years old, named the child \"Isaac\" (Hebrew yitschaq, \"laughter\") and circumcised him when he was eight days old. For Sarah, the thought of giving birth and nursing a child, at such an old age, also brought her much laughter, as she declared, \"God had made me to laugh, [so that] all that hear will laugh with me.\" Abraham held a great feast on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. It was during this banquet that Sarah happened upon the then teenaged Ishmael mocking and was so disturbed that she requested that both he and Hagar be removed from their company. Abraham was initially distressed by this but relented when told by God to do as his wife had asked.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Athaliah", "text": "following year, Athaliah would have been born in 877 BCE at the earliest. She would have been 36 years old in 841 BCE when her son Ahaziah came to the throne. Ahaziah was 22 years old at this time, according to 2 Kings 8:26, so Athaliah would have been 14 when he was born, under this scenario. However, even today in the Middle East, child marriage is not uncommon, and girls as young as 9 may be married. Therefore, it would not necessarily have been unusual for a girl to have had a child at 14 . The calendars for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2392607", "score": "0.8948043", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Atyap people", "text": "of her own. A Protestant clergyman of the largest denomination ECWA explained that the unmarried are considered to be, \"á̱niet ba ba̱ yet á̱kukum a̱ni\" (people who are only 50.0 per cent complete), who become 100.0 per cent human beings only after marriage. There were basically two ways: Nyeang A̱lala (Marriage by Necklace) At announcement of the birth of a baby girl within the neighbourhood, parents of a young boy who is yet to be booked down a wife would come and put a necklace or a ring on the infant girl with the consent of her parents, signifying that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14356620", "score": "0.89280844", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Women in the Bible", "text": "husband Uriah, and she becomes one of David's wives. Their child is killed as divine punishment, but Bathsheba later has another child, Solomon. In the Book of Kings, when David is old, she and the prophet Nathan convince David to let Solomon take the throne instead of an older brother. The story of Eve begins in Genesis 2:18 when \"The Lord God said, 'It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him'... Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8299727", "score": "0.8923929", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mormon cosmology", "text": "earth, and that they lived to a greater age than we do – that they live generally to near the age of 1000 years. He described the men as averaging near six feet in height, and dressing quite uniformly in something near the Quaker style.\" He also wrote \"In my Patriarchal blessing, given by the father of Joseph the Prophet, in Kirtland, 1837, I was told that I should preach the gospel before I was 21 years of age; that I should preach the gospel to the inhabitants upon the islands of the sea, and – to the inhabitants of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10335676", "score": "0.8894416", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jared (biblical figure)", "text": "Enoch went on to marry Edna, according to \"Jubilees\", and the sole named grandchild of Jared is Enoch's son Methuselah, the longest-living human mentioned in the Bible (, , ). Additionally, Jared was a forefather of Noah and his three sons. Jared's age was given as 962 years old when he died, making him the second-oldest person mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint. In the Samaritan Pentateuch, his age was 62 at fatherhood and only 847 at death, making Noah the oldest and Jared the seventh-oldest. Jared is also mentioned in Islam in the \"Qisas Al-Anbiya\", which mentions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7970465", "score": "0.8880439", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Shem", "text": "10:21 refers to relative ages of Shem and his brother Japheth, but with sufficient ambiguity to have yielded different English translations. The verse is translated in the King James Version as: \"Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.\" However, the New American Standard Bible gives: \"Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born\". According to Genesis 10:22-31 (\"Jewish Publication Society Translation\" of 1917): Genesis 11:10 records that Shem was 100 years old", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401022", "score": "0.8880422", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Generations of Adam", "text": "described as the father of Jabal and Jubal (from his first wife Adah) and Tubal-cain and Naamah (from his second wife, Zillah). The ninth generation Lamech, descended from Seth, is described as the father of Noah. (). The Sethite line also gives ages at fatherhood and at death. In the Masoretic text, ages at death range from 777 (Lamech) to 969 (Methuselah), placing the text in the category of longevity narratives. The Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch differ somewhat in the ages given; in the Septuagint, the age at fatherhood is often 100 years later than that in the Masoretic text,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6449101", "score": "0.88790226", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Rebecca", "text": "was 40 years old when he married Rebecca, 20 years elapsed before they had children. Throughout that time, both Isaac and Rebecca prayed fervently to God for offspring. God eventually answered Isaac's prayers and Rebecca conceived. Rebecca was extremely uncomfortable during her pregnancy and went to inquire of God why she was suffering so. According to the Midrash, whenever she would pass a house of Torah study, Jacob would struggle to come out; whenever she would pass a house of idolatry, Esau would agitate to come out. Thinking that she was carrying one baby who was displaying conflicting propensities, Rebecca", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17028236", "score": "0.88405335", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Pregnancy over age 50", "text": "reported among mothers over age 50 (four per 100,000 births), with 194 being over 55. The oldest mother to date to conceive, was 71 years, and the youngest mother, 5 years old. According to statistics from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, in the UK more than 20 babies are born to women over age 50 per year through in-vitro fertilization with the use of donor oocytes (eggs). Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara is the oldest verified mother; she was aged 67 years 3 days when she gave birth to twins; she was 130 days older than Adriana Iliescu,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4057098", "score": "0.8839799", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Noah", "text": "Patriarchs. The maximum human lifespan, as depicted by the Bible, diminishes thereafter, from almost 1,000 years to the 120 years of Moses. After the flood, the Bible says that Noah became a husbandman and he planted a vineyard. He drank wine made from this vineyard, and got drunk; and lay \"uncovered\" within his tent. Noah's son Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father naked and told his brothers, which led to Ham's son Canaan being cursed by Noah. As early as the Classical era, commentators on have excused Noah's excessive drinking because he was considered to be the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "286336", "score": "0.88166803", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Shem", "text": "at the birth of Arphaxad, two years after the flood; and that he lived for another 500 years after this, making his age at death 600 years. Excerpts from Genesis 11:10-27— (\"Jewish Publication Society\" translation of 1917): According to Jesus is a descendant of Shem. The 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus, among many others, recounted the tradition that these five sons were the progenitors of the nations of Elam, Assyria, Chaldea, Lydia, and Levantine, respectively. According to some Jewish traditions (e.g., B. Talmud Nedarim 32b; Genesis Rabbah 46:7; Genesis Rabbah 56:10; Leviticus Rabbah 25:6; Numbers Rabbah 4:8.), Shem is believed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "401023", "score": "0.88163745", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Laban (Bible)", "text": "Joseph entered Pharaoh's service at age 30; and from that point, after seven years of plenty and two years of famine, Jacob met Pharaoh and stated his age as 130. Subtracting yields an age of 77 (Jacob at his flight to Laban). Laban was more than 30 years older than Jacob, and employed him for 20 years. Laban promised his younger daughter Rachel to Jacob in return for seven years' service, only to trick him into marrying his elder daughter Leah instead. Jacob then served another seven years in exchange for the right to marry his choice, Rachel, as well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3462102", "score": "0.8809676", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Eve", "text": "tiller of the ground, the second a keeper of sheep. After the death of Abel, Eve gave birth to a third son, Seth (Šet), from whom Noah (and thus the whole of modern humanity) is descended. According to Genesis, Seth was born when Adam was 130 years old \"a son in his likeness and like his image\". Genesis 5:4 says that Eve had sons and daughters beyond just Cain, Abel, and Seth. Certain concepts such as the serpent being identified as Satan, Eve's sin being sexual temptation, or Adam's first wife being Lilith, come from literary works found in various", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7337166", "score": "0.8805108", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Jacob", "text": "Bright (1960). The Septuagint renders the name , whence Latin , English \"Jacob\". The name \"Israel\" given to Jacob following the episode of his wrestling with the angel (Genesis 32:22–32) is etymologized as composition of \"el\" \"god\" and the root \"śarah\" \"to rule, contend, have power, prevail over\": The biblical account of the life of Jacob is found in the Book of Genesis, chapters 25–50. Jacob and his twin brother, Esau, were born to Isaac and Rebecca after 20 years of marriage, when Isaac was 60 years of age (, ). Rebekah was uncomfortable during her pregnancy and went to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "213885", "score": "0.8800119", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Bereshit (parsha)", "text": "and then walked with God 300 years, and when Enoch reached age 365, God took him. The sixth reading (, \"aliyah\") and a closed portion (, \"setumah\") end here. In the seventh reading (, \"aliyah\"), Methuselah had a son Lamech and lived 969 years. A closed portion (, \"setumah\") ends here. In the continuation of the reading, Lamech had a son Noah, saying that Noah would provide relief from their work and toil on the soil that God had cursed. Lamech lived 777 years. A closed portion (, \"setumah\") ends here. In the continuation of the reading, when Noah had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6203742", "score": "0.8763408", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Old 100th", "text": "Old 100th \"Old 100th\" or \"Old Hundredth\" (also commonly called \"Old Hundred\") is a hymn tune in Long Metre from \"Pseaumes Octante Trois de David\" (1551) (the second edition of the Genevan Psalter) and is one of the best known melodies in all Christian musical traditions. The tune is usually attributed to the French composer Louis Bourgeois (c. 1510 – c.1560). Although the tune was first associated with Psalm 134 in the Genevan Psalter, the melody receives its current name from an association with the \"100th\" Psalm, in a translation by William Kethe entitled \"All People that on Earth do", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3373933", "score": "0.876181", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Manoah", "text": "or Nashyan. Manoah and his wife were childless, but an angel of the Lord appeared to Manoah’s wife and told her that she would give birth to a son. The child was to be dedicated from the womb as a Nazirite, which entailed restrictions on his diet, which the angel spelled out in detail. The woman (whose name is not mentioned in the Bible) told her husband, \"A man of God came to me\". Manoah prayed and the angel returned to instruct the both of them. After the angel left, Manoah tells his wife, \"We shall surely die, because we", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2858428", "score": "0.87322706", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Pekudei", "text": "that Caleb said that he was 40 years old when Moses sent him to spy out the land. Thus, the Gemara deduced that Caleb was only 26 years older than his great-grandson Bezalel. Deducting two years for the three pregnancies needed to create the three intervening generations, the Gemara concluded that each of Caleb, Hur, and Uri must have conceived his son at the age of eight. Rabbi Judah ben Simon taught that God required each of the Israelites to give a half-shekel (as reported in ) because (as reported in ) their ancestors had sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7242494", "score": "0.87230635", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Psalm 100", "text": "morning prayer of the Anglican liturgy. Traditionally, Psalm 100 has been set to music frequently for vespers services, sometimes even several times by the same composer. Hymns paraphrasing Psalm 100 include \"Nun jauchzt dem Herren, alle Welt\" by David Denicke (1646). Psalm 100 Psalm 100 is the 100th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version: \"Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands\". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9367601", "score": "0.87159055", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Noah in rabbinic literature", "text": "that after the Flood he might repeople the earth (Tan., Bereshit, 39; \"Sefer haYashar,\" section \"Noa?\"). The other explanation is that God rendered him impotent until he reached the age of 500, saying: \"If his children be wicked, he will be afflicted by their destruction; and if they be upright like their father, they will be troubled with making so many arks\" (Genesis Rabba 26.2). The \"Sefer haYashar\" (l.c.) and Genesis Rabba (22.4) both agree that Noah's wife was called Naamah. According to the latter, she was the sister of Tubal-cain (Genesis 4.21); according to the former, she was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10239132", "score": "0.87117696", "original_retrieval_index": 39 } ]

[ "June 1991", "June 23, 1991" ]

[ { "title": "Things That Make You Go Hmmm...", "text": "four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B Singles chart. It also reached number four on the UK Singles Chart. The song contains samples from the songs \"I'm Shook\" by James Brown, \"My Thang\" by James Brown, and \"Apache\" by the Incredible Bongo Band. The song was certified gold by the RIAA on August 13, 1991 for sales of over 500,000 copies. \"Music & Media\" wrote about the song: \"The secret behind the success of these dance/pop providers is the good hook in their songs. This time it's the saxophone part, which is repeated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11459559", "score": "0.81639785", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Gonna Make You Sweat", "text": "Play and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales as well as number three on the Australian ARIA Singles chart and UK Singles Chart. The song's opening line is frequently played during indoor sporting events as a way of maintaining enthusiasm among the spectators. The album's follow-up singles also performed well, including the second single, \"Here We Go (Let's Rock & Roll)\" as well as the album's third release, \"Things That Make You Go Hmmm...,\" both of which became top five entries on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In a contemporary review, \"Select\" stated that \"For every might tune like the title track, there's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4024702", "score": "0.79982704", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Things That Make You Go Hmmm...", "text": "after each line.\" The \"Gavin Report\" wrote: \"Writers/producers Cole and Clivilles have successfully crossbred a unique brand of Rap and melody that's taken them on back-to-back trips into the Top Ten. This third entry maintains their infectious rhythm, strengthened by a title that will keep audiences hummmmin'.\" The music video was directed by Marcus Nispel and the style of the video was a major trendsetter in the early 1990s. It featured silhouetted animation of dancers jumping and dancing in front of a white background, with a stage visible, but also in silhouette. The story of the song was also interpreted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11459560", "score": "0.79728705", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Things That Make You Go Hmmm...", "text": "go...\"\", using a custom version of the song and running ads with a woman posing in front of a white background. Then, for their 1992-93 network campaign, ABC brought out many of their stars to do a complete take-off of the song and video for the \"It Must Be ABC\" banner. The song was heard in the short-lived US TV show \"Surviving Jack\" in episode six, \"She Drives Me Crazy\", as well as in the British television series \"\". The British girl group Stooshe covered the song and released it in 2013 as a B-side to their single \"Black Heart\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11459562", "score": "0.7882964", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Sun Comes Out Tonight", "text": "the band announced the album had been retitled as \"The Sun Comes Out Tonight\", released the official track list, and released the opening track, \"We Hate It When You Get What You Want\" for free download. The first single off the new album, \"What Do You Say\" was released on April 2, 2013. Patrick planned on the album sounding harder and more aggressive than previous albums. Part of this is credited to including more screamed vocals, and heavier Drop C and Drop B guitar tunings. Patrick aimed for the album to sound like \"...something that was exactly like \"Short Bus\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16325872", "score": "0.7871907", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Come See Me (The Pretty Things song)", "text": "Come See Me (The Pretty Things song) \"Come See Me\" is a 1966 song by The Pretty Things on Fontana Records. It was a cover of a song originally written by J.J. Jackson, Pierre Tubbs and Sidney Barnes. The song charted in UK and Netherlands. The B-side was a concert favorite \"£.s.d\", the meaning of which was clear when sung as a chorus \"yes I need L.S.D.\" not pounds, shillings and pence. The title was a play on abbreviations by writers Phil May and Dick Taylor, though May would admit later years that the song is about LSD. The song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18951147", "score": "0.78598297", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Come See Me (The Pretty Things song)", "text": "was reissued titled as \"LSD\" on the CD reissue of the album \"Get The Picture?\". The song was covered by UK garage punk band The Cannibals in 1983. Come See Me (The Pretty Things song) \"Come See Me\" is a 1966 song by The Pretty Things on Fontana Records. It was a cover of a song originally written by J.J. Jackson, Pierre Tubbs and Sidney Barnes. The song charted in UK and Netherlands. The B-side was a concert favorite \"£.s.d\", the meaning of which was clear when sung as a chorus \"yes I need L.S.D.\" not pounds, shillings and pence.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18951148", "score": "0.78423285", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "All the Small Things", "text": "off his album \"Benema of the State.\" All the Small Things \"All the Small Things\" is a song by the American rock band Blink-182. It was the second single released from the band's third album \"Enema of the State\" (1999). The track was composed primarily by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge as an ode to his then girlfriend. Recorded in Los Angeles with producer Jerry Finn, the song was created with the intention of shipping it to radio, as the trio felt they needed a single \"really catchy and basic.\" The single was released in early 2000 and promptly charted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4843147", "score": "0.7760691", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Come Out and Play (song)", "text": "was also released in 2005. Come Out and Play (song) \"Come Out and Play\" (sometimes subtitled \"Keep 'Em Separated\") is a song by the Californian punk rock group The Offspring. It is the seventh track on their third album \"Smash\" (1994) and was released as the first single from that album. Written by frontman Dexter Holland, the song was the second single to be released by the band, after \"I'll Be Waiting\" (1986). It is considered to be The Offspring's breakthrough song, as it received widespread radio play, with first attention brought by Jed the Fish of KROQ-FM, and reached", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4209965", "score": "0.7749748", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Things That Make You Go Hmmm...", "text": "\"Things That Make You Go Hmmm...\" is a song by American dance group C+C Music Factory. It was released in June 1991 as the third single from the album Gonna Make You Sweat. The single features Freedom Williams and he is also seen in the song's music video. The song inspired a running gag on The Arsenio Hall Show, where Arsenio, while allegedly on a long drive, pondered certain thoughts and referred to them as \"things that make you go hmmm....\"", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Where the Wild Things Are: Motion Picture Soundtrack", "text": "Where the Wild Things Are: Motion Picture Soundtrack Where the Wild Things Are: Motion Picture Soundtrack: Original Songs by Karen O and the Kids is the soundtrack to the 2009 film \"Where the Wild Things Are\". It is performed by Karen O and the Kids. It was released on September 29, 2009, in CD, LP, and digital download formats. Karen O, the vocalist of the indie rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs, wrote the film's soundtrack. Her bandmates Brian Chase and Nick Zinner and former touring guitarist Imaad Wasif, Deerhunter's Bradford Cox, Liars' Aaron Hemphill, The Dead Weather's Dean Fertita, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14163543", "score": "0.7743956", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Come Out and Play (song)", "text": "Come Out and Play (song) \"Come Out and Play\" (sometimes subtitled \"Keep 'Em Separated\") is a song by the Californian punk rock group The Offspring. It is the seventh track on their third album \"Smash\" (1994) and was released as the first single from that album. Written by frontman Dexter Holland, the song was the second single to be released by the band, after \"I'll Be Waiting\" (1986). It is considered to be The Offspring's breakthrough song, as it received widespread radio play, with first attention brought by Jed the Fish of KROQ-FM, and reached number one on the \"Billboard\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4209953", "score": "0.7565632", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "They Only Come Out at Night (Lordi song)", "text": "They Only Come Out at Night (Lordi song) \"They Only Come Out at Night\" is the fourth single from Lordi's third album, \"The Arockalypse\", and is one of the band's five singles that has not been made into a music video (along with \"My Heaven is Your Hell\", \"Beast Loose in Paradise\", \"Deadache\", and \"Rock Police\"). Udo Dirkschneider guest stars in the song. Although a promo version was released by Lordi's German record label, Drakkar Entertainment, it hasn't appeared in stores. Instead, the promo single was handed out at some events in Germany in February, 2006. The B-side of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10467325", "score": "0.75551724", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "All Good Things (Come to an End)", "text": "lyrics which remind us that Nelly's still like a bird, albeit one who likes a bit of night-time action\"; it gave the song 4.5 out of five stars. HMV UK published a four out of five star review in which its writer said that, in contrast to the album's previous singles, \"Maneater\" and \"Promiscuous\", \"All Good Things\" is \"a beautiful, hooky, emotive ballad\". Chuck Taylor of \"Billboard\" magazine wrote that the song is \"adventurous, hip, playful and enduring. Featuring an enlightened lyric (\"Pain sets in and I don't cry/I only feel gravity and wonder why\") with the track's hypnotic melody", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8843839", "score": "0.7539278", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "All the Small Things", "text": "All the Small Things \"All the Small Things\" is a song by the American rock band Blink-182. It was the second single released from the band's third album \"Enema of the State\" (1999). The track was composed primarily by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge as an ode to his then girlfriend. Recorded in Los Angeles with producer Jerry Finn, the song was created with the intention of shipping it to radio, as the trio felt they needed a single \"really catchy and basic.\" The single was released in early 2000 and promptly charted worldwide, becoming a number one hit on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4843129", "score": "0.7532797", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Things That Make You Go Hmmm...", "text": "with black and gold cut-out animation that was a departure from the in-vogue 3D CGI animation of the time; however, these 2-D cut-outs ended up being even more progressive. In American advertising, Coca-Cola was one of the first to advertise special promotions featuring the group in a special, brief cut of their music video. A version of the song was also used in a series of ads for McDonald's. The ABC television network was one of the earliest media outlets to jump on the C+C bandwagon, advertising their spring 1992 prime-time programming under the takeoff banner, \"\"Shows that make you", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11459561", "score": "0.7532203", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tonight She Comes", "text": "Go. He went on to say that the track was \"a delightful, pristine pop confection\". Tonight She Comes \"Tonight She Comes\" is a 1985 song by American rock band The Cars, from their \"Greatest Hits\" album. It was released as a single in October 1985, reaching Number #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in January 1986. The song reached Number #1 on the Top Rock Tracks charts, where it stayed for three weeks. It is a straightforward, diatonic song in F major, with a guitar solo by Cars guitarist Elliot Easton. The solo was transcribed by Steve Vai in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14941352", "score": "0.7512776", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "All Good Things (Come to an End)", "text": "All Good Things (Come to an End) \"All Good Things (Come to an End)\" is a song by Canadian-Portuguese singer Nelly Furtado from her third studio album \"Loose\" (2006). It was written by Furtado, Tim \"Timbaland\" Mosley, Chris Martin, and Nate \"Danja\" Hills. The song was released as the album's third European single in November 2006. It was released as the fourth single in the United States and Australia. The single featured Chris Martin, frontman of the band Coldplay, harmonizing throughout the song. The original version had him say a few words at the beginning, and sing the chorus behind", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8843836", "score": "0.7507013", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Out Come the Freaks", "text": "final singles from the album in the UK, and again peaked just inside the UK top 50. The song was listed as \"Out Come the Freaks\" on the album but reference to the songs reworked status was acknowledged in the inclusion of the subtitle 'Again' on the single's release. The single version was also alternatively titled \"(Stuck Inside of Detroit With the) Out Come the Freaks (Again)\". This recording was once again dominated by the vocal of Harry Bowens, but a female vocalist sang the chorus refrain. The arrangement was more upbeat than the second recording but had a tighter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12668383", "score": "0.747239", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "All Good Things (Come to an End)", "text": "Furtado. Critically, \"All Good Things (Come to an End)\" was praised for having diversity in comparison to other songs on \"Loose\", but at the same time criticized for its mellowness. Commercially, the song did well on the music charts, reaching number-one in more than fifteen countries including Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. \"All Good Things\" was conceived near the end of the recording of \"Loose\". Furtado was at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards ceremony, which was held in Miami, Florida in August, when she bumped into her old friend Chris Martin, who had been performing with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8843837", "score": "0.7470187", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Come What May (2001 song)", "text": "Come What May (2001 song) \"Come What May\" is a song composed by David Baerwald and Kevin Gilbert, originally intended for the film \"William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet\". However, it was first heard publicly, and is best known as the romantic love theme from Baz Luhrmann's 2001 film \"Moulin Rouge!\", where it is sung by Ewan McGregor and Nicole Kidman in their respective roles as Christian and Satine. The song takes its title from a phrase that originates from Shakespeare's \"Macbeth\". The song plays an important role in the film. When the forbidden strong and close romantic relationship between Christian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6977539", "score": "0.74576735", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Little Things (One Direction song)", "text": "Direction's vocal range in the song span from the note of A to D. Instrumentation includes guitar strings, piano lines and vocals. The song utilises an acoustic guitar riff and a rotation of lead vocals. The song's lyrics revolve around the insistence that flaws are what make a person unique. In a September 2012 interview with MTV News, Sheeran quipped that the song \"is about the best things about someone, kind of like the things you wouldn't expect.\" He described \"Little Things\" as an \"appreciation song,\" and concluded: \"Seventeen-year-old Ed just wrote a lot of love songs\". \"Little Things\" received", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16821964", "score": "0.74342525", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)", "text": "Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away) \"Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)\" is a song by Mötley Crüe. It is the tenth track from their 1989 album \"Dr. Feelgood\" and was released as the album's fourth single in May 1990. It peaked at #19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #13 on the Mainstream rock charts. Bassist Nikki Sixx told Rolling Stone: \"I saw that line in a movie somewhere, I can't even remember what movie. I thought, 'Great idea for a song.' A little tongue in cheek. A little sarcasm there.\" Vocalist Vince Neil added: \"That's a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10921690", "score": "0.7428509", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "You Come and Go Like a Pop Song", "text": "album. Frusciante appears on \"Cereal Song\" as a guitarist. Additional musicians, songwriters, and producers for the album include Josh Blum, Kevin Fitzgerald, and Marc Hunter. Bob is now a radio host, streaming at www.indie1031.com, as well as a drug counselor in California. The album's title may have come from a lyric in Ani DiFranco's song \"Gratitude\": \"But I don't come and go like a pop song/that you can play incessantly and then forget when it's gone.\" For the 2001 re-release of the album, the track listing was completely changed, the tracks \"It's Alright\" and \"Rhonda Meets the Birdman\" were replaced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5359567", "score": "0.7412517", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Come What May (2001 song)", "text": "by a musical interlude the first time, and, the second time, Satine sings instead of the latter part: \"\"come back to me and forgive everything.\"\" The single version can be found on the original soundtrack, while the original film version can be found on the follow-up soundtrack. It was released as a single in Australia where it became the 8th highest selling single by an Australian artist of 2001. It was also released in the UK, where it charted at #27, and in Germany. \"Come What May\" was nominated for a 2002 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song -", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6977541", "score": "0.7337558", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Wild Things (EP)", "text": "of \"Wild Thing\": \"Perhaps the most striking of those 7,500-odd licensed recordings [of \"Wild Thing\"] is [the Creatures version] on which Siouxsie’s chilly multitracked vocals (at one point she chants, \"Wild thing, I think I hate you\") are accompanied only by Budgie's tribal-sounding drums. It’s a version that taps into the earthy, elemental spirit of the song, channelling those few minutes back in 1964 when Chip Taylor lost himself in the darkness of a New York studio\". All songs written and composed by Siouxsie and Budgie, except track 4 composed by Chip Taylor. Wild Things (EP) Wild Things is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9806525", "score": "0.7327944", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Come & Get in Trouble with Me", "text": "and I thought lets go into the studio and do something different. Lets do something that's super unashamedly pop and fun and danceable. Trouble is what we did.\" \"Come & Get in Trouble with Me\" was made available for digital purchase on 30 August 2013. Two remixes of the song were released digitally on 25 October 2013. \"Come & Get in Trouble with Me\" was originally released as the lead single from Coulter's fourth studio album \"Dance in the Rain\", but was later excluded from the album track listing and \"All We Need Is Love\" was released as its new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17493590", "score": "0.7320427", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Everything (M2M song)", "text": "earned M2M a nomination for \"Best International Artist\" at the 2001 Mnet Asian Music Awards. The song is aimed at Zac Hanson, who Marion Raven dated briefly while M2M were on tour with him and his band Hanson in 2000. According to Raven, once the tour ended he never contacted her, effectively ending the relationship. Lyrically, the song speaks of a relationship \"gone sour\". The single was released in South-East Asia in early October 2001, the US in January 2002 and Norway on 4 March 2002. In December 2001 they opened a concert in Kuala Lumpur with the song. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19061842", "score": "0.73179406", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Little Things (One Direction song)", "text": "Little Things (One Direction song) \"Little Things\" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their second studio album, \"Take Me Home\" (2012). It was released by Syco Music on 3 December 2012, as the record's second single. The song was written by Fiona Bevan and Ed Sheeran, and produced by Jake Gosling. Bevan brought the song to Sheeran's attention while he was in studio with the group in 2012, resulting in the band recording it. \"Little Things\" is a mid-tempo pop and folk ballad about the insistence that flaws are what make a person unique. The track", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16821959", "score": "0.730703", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Lovestrong", "text": "be I'm happy, I'm sad, I've fallen in love, I've fallen out of love. I'm lonely, I'm scared. Whatever it be that day. If I'm like a volcano and I'm about to explode, I better run to an instrument because it's about to come out. For me, I don't really go back. I probably should. I have a bajillion pieces of songs. But I seem to just write in one sitting. There's very few occasions where I've gone back and worked on songs later. Normally, I sit down, the song comes out and I'm done.\" On her official website's blog,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15418154", "score": "0.729279", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

[ "2016" ]

[ { "title": "Dabo Swinney", "text": "In 2012, Swinney led Clemson to its first 11-win season since the 1981 national championship year, capping the year off with an upset victory over the #8 LSU Tigers in the Chick-fil-A Bowl. The Tigers finished the year at 11-2, ranked 9th in the Coaches Poll and 11th in the AP poll. Swinney was a finalist for the third time in his career for the Liberty Mutual National Coach of the Year. In 2013, Swinney guided the Tigers to their third 10-win season in a row, the first time since 1989. The highlight regular-season win came against #5 Georgia in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571274", "score": "1.2285359", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Dabo Swinney", "text": "Nick Saban, the head coach of Alabama, surprised Clemson with a successful onside kick. The season marked Clemson's best run since the 1981 national championship season. The Tigers defeated #8 North Carolina 45-37 to win their 15th ACC championship. Clemson also defeated #4 Oklahoma 37-17 in the Orange Bowl for its first college playoff appearance. Swinney was named Associated Press Coach of Year, Walter Camp Coach of the Year, Home Depot Coach of the Year, and the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award. The 2015 Tigers set a record for single-season wins under Swinney with 14. Clemson ended the season ranked #2", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571280", "score": "1.2050692", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers", "text": "Conference titles before joining the ACC. The program has participated in 33 bowl games over the years, winning 16. The 1981 squad, led by Head Coach Danny Ford, became the first athletic team in school history to win a national championship. Clemson defeated Nebraska 22–15 in the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida to win the 1981 NCAA Football National Championship. Stars of the game included Homer Jordan (QB) and Perry Tuttle (WR). Clemson finished the year 12–0 and ranked #1 in the Associated Press and Coaches polls. Some of the most notable coaching names in Clemson football history are John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8606189", "score": "1.1973541", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "Clemson posted four consecutive 10 win seasons and won three straight ACC titles, including a 35–10 victory over Penn State and a 13–6 defeat of the Oklahoma Sooners in the Florida Citrus Bowl. At that time, no team in Clemson history started higher in the AP poll than the 1988 team beginning the year as the No. 4-ranked team in the nation and a preseason favorite to win the national title. After an early upset by #10 FSU, the Tigers finished with a #9 final ranking following their bowl win over Oklahoma. The 1988 team played one of the school's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451341", "score": "1.1958168", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers men's soccer", "text": "an upset of #1-ranked Indiana (who hadn't lost a NCAA tournament home game prior to the match), and was chosen to host the Final Four at Riggs Field. In the semifinals, the Tigers avenged two earlier losses to North Carolina and, in the championship game, knocked off San Diego State (another surprise finalist). In addition, Bruce Murray won the 1987 Hermann Trophy (the first Clemson player to win the award). The 1990s saw the first change of head coaches in school history, as Dr. Ibrahim retired after the 1994 season and was replaced by Brown head coach Trevor Adair. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13284904", "score": "1.1899824", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2018 Clemson Tigers football team", "text": "by beating Miami in the ACC Championship game, 38–3. They received their third straight bid to the College Football Playoff, earning the number one seed. The Tigers fell to eventual national champion Alabama in the semifinal game, the Sugar Bowl, 6–24. Position key ^ Prior to the season, C.J. Fuller decided to transfer from the program. However, on October 3, 2018, before he elected a school to transfer to, Fuller passed away due to a blood clot in his lung. Fuller, age 22, had had surgery two weeks before his death. The Tigers signed a total of 17 recruits, 15", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20540075", "score": "1.18645", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "quarter (35), half (49) and game (70) in the 109-year history of bowl games. On December 31, 2012, Clemson achieved its first 11-win season since the national championship year with a last-second upset win over the #8 LSU Tigers in the Chick-fil-A Bowl. Clemson trailed 24–13 in the fourth quarter, but rallied back with a game-winning drive that saw a 4th and 16 conversion deep in their own territory that would lead to Chandler Catanzaro's 37-yard field goal as time expired to give Clemson a 25–24 win. The 2013 season was historic for the Clemson football program. The Tigers began", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451355", "score": "1.1807616", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers men's soccer", "text": "it to the semifinals of the NCAA tournament. By the end of the decade, the Tigers had 8 conference titles, 3 trips to the round of 16 in the NCAA tournament, an Elite 8 appearance, 3 Final Four appearances, and finished the 1979 season as national runners-up. Clemson's streak of ACC titles and NCAA appearances was broken during the 1980 season, but the Tigers rebounded with conference titles during the 1981, 1982, and 1985 seasons (Clemson's last before the ACC adopted its tournament format) and 5 straight appearances in the NCAA tournament. The 1984 season saw the Tigers finally reach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13284902", "score": "1.1792076", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2009 ACC Championship Game", "text": "the Tigers had already defeated and held a head-to-head tiebreaker over. After the Miami game, Clemson defeated nonconference Coastal Carolina, then reeled off three wins over ACC teams. Clemson beat Florida State on November 7, NC State on November 14, and Virginia on November 21. On the same day Clemson defeated Virginia, Boston College was defeated in an ACC game, giving Clemson the Atlantic Division championship outright. After the Virginia game, Clemson faced longtime in-state rival South Carolina. In that game, South Carolina defeated Clemson, ending the Tigers' winning streak just before the ACC Championship Game. Following the last week", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13067119", "score": "1.1729357", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "Formed in 1896, the program has over 700 wins and has achieved two consensus Division I Football National Championships in the modern era and were College Football Playoff National Championship Finalists in 2015 and 2016, winning the championship game over the Alabama Crimson Tide for the 2016 season. Clemson has had 6 undefeated seasons including 3 perfect seasons, 23 conference championships, 6 divisional titles since 2005, and has produced over 100 All-Americans, 17 Academic All-Americans, and over 200 NFL players. Clemson has had seven members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Banks McFadden, Terry Kinard,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dabo Swinney", "text": "and forcing five turnovers. Ironically, defensive coordinator Brent Venables had held the same position with the Sooners until coming to Clemson in 2012. The Tigers finished 10–3 for the season and ranked 15th in both the AP and the Coaches Poll. Swinney's last three bowl wins have been over college programs that have all won national titles since 2000. Swinney completed his best season as Clemson's head coach in 2015, leading the Tigers to a 14-1 record with an ACC championship and an appearance in the national championship game. Clemson fell short to Alabama in the title game 45-40 after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571279", "score": "1.17087", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dabo Swinney", "text": "Playoff National Championship by a score of 35–31. Coming off of the national championship season from the year before, Clemson and Swinney looked to fill big shoes with the loss of many offensive starters, including standout quarterback Deshaun Watson who entered the NFL draft. However, the Tigers once again rose to national prominence with a 12-1 regular season record and their third straight ACC championship in a row. Clemson dominated #7 Miami 38-3 in the ACC championship game and secured the #1 seed in the College Football Playoffs. The Tigers also posted big wins in the season with a 14-6", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12571283", "score": "1.1707428", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "their debut during the 1991 ACC championship season, with the Tigers wearing them in the regular season against NC State and in the Citrus Bowl vs. California. Tommy West replaced Ken Hatfield at the end of the 1993 season, coaching the Tigers to a 14–13 victory in the 1993 Peach Bowl against Kentucky. West had a 31–28 record during his five seasons at Clemson and led the Tigers to three bowl games but no ACC championships. West was fired after a dismal 1998 campaign which saw Clemson go 3–8 and finish last in the ACC. West went on to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451347", "score": "1.1701062", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2005 Champs Sports Bowl", "text": "at home, with a win over Maryland the following week. However, they lost their next three games (including one over #13 Miami) before a win over NC State righted the ship. They lost only once more to Georgia Tech for the rest of the year, closing out the year with wins over #17 Florida State and #19 South Carolina. They finished in 2nd place in the Atlantic Coast Conference Atlantic Division to Florida State and Boston College, the latter who Clemson had lost to during the skid. This game was a rematch of the 1957 Orange Bowl. Clemson scored first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11683681", "score": "1.1694074", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Clemson Rugby", "text": "representing the south collegiate all-stars in Boulder, Colorado, this June at the National All-Star Championship. Clemson Rugby The Clemson University Rugby Football Club (often abbreviated as Clemson Rugby) was founded in 1967. Clemson finished the 2005 Season ranked #14, the 2006 Season ranked #13 in the nation, and the 2007 season #17. Clemson's best season was in 1996 when the team advanced to the quarterfinals of the national playoffs and finished ranked 7th nationally. Rugby is one of the oldest club sports at Clemson University. The team has gone 57-15 in the last three years, with the only losses coming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7893589", "score": "1.1692772", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy", "text": "All-American in football and basketball at Clemson. The 1939 football team finished 12th in the final AP poll (early December), for Clemson’s first top 20 season on record, and the win over Boston College in the Cotton Bowl was Clemson’s first bowl appearance. In the spring of 1939, he led Clemson to the Southern Conference Basketball championship. McFadden was Clemson’s first inductee into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1959. He was the fourth overall pick of the 1940 NFL Draft by the Brooklyn Dodgers. After one year in the NFL and a stint in the Army Air Corps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13631350", "score": "1.169033", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2005 Clemson Tigers football team", "text": "Clemson lost a close game to Georgia Tech. Clemson then closed out the regular season with three straight wins over Duke, ACC rival Florida State, and instate rival South Carolina. In the post-season, Clemson received an invitation to play in the 2005 Champs Sports Bowl against Colorado. Clemson won the game, 19–10, to finish the season at 8–4. Clemson finished the season ranked in the top 25 (21st in both the AP and the Coaches' Poll) for the second time in three years. Clemson also recorded wins against three AP top 20 teams in the 2005 season for just the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15064524", "score": "1.1688702", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2009 ACC Championship Game", "text": "first game of the season, a 37–14 win against Middle Tennessee State. Clemson lost its first real test, a conference game at 15th-ranked Georgia Tech, but recovered to win the following week against Boston College. The Boston College win was Clemson's last for almost a month, however, as Clemson lost to nonconference opponent Texas Christian on September 26, then was defeated by ACC divisional foe Maryland. The two losses, piled upon the loss to Georgia Tech, left Clemson with a 2–3 record. An anonymous report said coach Swinney became involved in a shouting match with a position coach, while players", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13067117", "score": "1.1646745", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2001 Gator Bowl", "text": "Virginia, Duke, North Carolina State, Maryland, and North Carolina. In the final win of that streak, starting quarterback Woodrow Dantzler was replaced by backup Willie Simmons in the second quarter due to an injury to Dantzler. With an 8–0 record and a No. 5 national ranking, Clemson hosted Georgia Tech. In the game, the Yellow Jackets posted a school-record offensive effort in an upset victory over the Tigers. Clemson took a 28–24 lead with 1:52 remaining in the game, but the Yellow Jackets drove 80 yards in 11 plays before ending with a one-handed catch for a touchdown, giving Clemson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11626510", "score": "1.1639271", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2017 College Football Playoff National Championship", "text": "Clemson, 24–14. Clemson scored just three plays into the final quarter as Watson threw a touchdown pass to Mike Williams; this cut the lead down to 24–21. With 4:38 to go in the game, Clemson took their first lead in the game after Wayne Gallman scored on a one-yard touchdown rush; Alabama got the ball back on their own 32 yard line with 4:38 remaining in the game. The drive came to a 3rd & 16, on which Jalen Hurts found ArDarius Stewart for a 15-yard pass to set up a 4th & 1, which the Tide converted via a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18449417", "score": "1.1628003", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "On December 1, 2008, Swinney signed a five-year contract as Clemson's permanent head coach. On November 21, 2009, Swinney and the Tigers qualified for their first ACC title game berth, only to lose to the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 39–34. They were awarded a trip to the 2009 Music City Bowl, and defeated the Kentucky Wildcats 21–13, avenging their upset loss in the 2006 Music City Bowl. During the 2010 season, after a close 24–27 overtime loss to national champion Auburn on the road, Clemson was later defeated in the Meineke Car Care Bowl in Charlotte, North Carolina. In January", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451352", "score": "1.1615815", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Clemson–Florida State football rivalry", "text": "sealed the victory for the Tigers. Clemson and Florida State have combined to win 32 ACC titles, with Clemson currently achieving 17 and Florida State having 15. Clemson's 8th ACC championship came in 1981 with a perfect season and a consensus national title, while going on to win six ACC titles in a decade. After the departure of their national title winning coaching staff in 1989, Clemson's program went into a slight decline, as Florida State entered the conference, on the rise, winning nine straight conference titles. Recently, the Tigers won their 17th ACC title with a 12–1 regular season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11851416", "score": "1.1614454", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers men's soccer", "text": "altogether in 2004. The 2005 squad, however, would make a strong run during the NCAA tournament, advancing to the Final Four for the first time since the 1987 squad's national title. The 2006 team would make the round of 16, falling to eventual runner-up UCLA. The 2008 squad, despite not making the tournament, was one of only two teams in the country to defeat both national champion Maryland and national runner-up North Carolina during the season. Trevor Adair resigned as head coach of the Tigers on June 16, 2009, two months after being placed on a leave of absence after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13284906", "score": "1.1603527", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "fortunes declined. The Tigers last winning season under Howard came in 1967. On December 10, 1969, he stepped down as the fifth winningest coach in the nation, with 165 victories, 96 of them in the Atlantic Coast Conference. Howard also managed the athletic department during his tenure, and continued on as athletic director until February 4, 1971, when he was named assistant to the vice president of the university. On June 30, 1974, he retired from the university payroll, but continued to come into his office daily until failing health slowed him down, serving as Clemson's ambassador until his death", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451324", "score": "1.1593575", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers men's soccer", "text": "Tigers captured their first ACC Tournament championship in 1998, won 3 ACC regular season titles (1990, 1993, and 1998), and had another player honored with the Hermann Trophy (Wojtek Krakowiak, 1998). The Tigers made 6 appearances in the NCAA tournament, with their best finishes being trips to the Elite 8 in 1997 and 1998. During the 2001 season, the Tigers captured their 2nd ACC Tournament championship and advanced to the Elite 8. After another Elite 8 run in 2002, the Tigers experienced a down time, failing to advance out of the first round in 2003 and missing the NCAA tournament", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13284905", "score": "1.1583955", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "The same thing happened during the 2006 season following a 7–1 start and with the team on the verge of winning the ACC Atlantic Division. The Tigers have also shown great resolve at points during Bowden's tenure. The 2003 team won four games at the end of the season to finish 9–4, which included victories over #3 Florida State and #7 Tennessee in the Chick-Fil-A Peach Bowl. The 2004 season saw the Tigers start 1–4 only to win five of their last six games (which included an overtime upset of #10 Miami), while the 2005 team overcame a 2–3 start", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451350", "score": "1.1582807", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2018 ACC Championship Game", "text": "the game 38-3 and went on to the 2017 College Football Playoff. The Clemson Tigers finished the season with a 12–0 undefeated record. This is the Tigers' fourth straight appearance in the championship game. They have won the previous three championship games. During the season, they defeated Georgia Tech, Syracuse, Wake Forest, NC State, Florida State, Louisville, Boston College and Duke in conference play. Their season was also highlighted by 2 wins over SEC teams (Texas A&M and South Carolina). The Tigers come into the game ranked #2 in both the AP and Coaches poll. The Pittsburgh Panthers finished the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20601664", "score": "1.1580358", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "#11-ranked Virginia Tech. On November 12, 2011, Clemson defeated Wake Forest, winning the ACC Atlantic Division title. On November 26, 2011, Clemson lost to South Carolina for the third straight year, the first time Clemson had lost three straight to its instate rival since the seasons from 1968 to 1970. On December 3, the Tigers won their first ACC Championship since 1991, defeating Virginia Tech 38–10 in the Championship Game. #15 Clemson would go on to lose to the #23 West Virginia Mountaineers in the 2012 Orange Bowl 70–33, giving up an all-time record number of points scored in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451354", "score": "1.1579392", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Clemson–South Carolina football brawl", "text": "the endzone near the bottom of \"the Hill\" at Memorial Stadium as Clemson made their traditional entrance to the field. Brief shoving ensued between Gamecock and Tiger players, but was broken up quickly. The brawl resulted late in the game after USC quarterback Syvelle Newton was knocked to the ground after a shot to the helmet following an incomplete pass on 4th and 11 with 5:48 left to go in the fourth quarter, and Clemson players lay on top of him preventing him from getting up. Players on the field from both teams engaged in shoving and punching and both", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7220476", "score": "1.1570553", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Clemson Tigers football", "text": "Tigers. Only one team, Alabama, went back-to-back as national champions and Florida State was expected to emerge once again as a title contender from the ACC. However, Clemson once again won the conference and finished the regular season at 12–1. Clemson finished the season with wins at Auburn, Georgia Tech, and #12 Florida State on the road and defeated #3 Louisville in Memorial Stadium. The Tigers suffered a controversial 43–42 home loss to Pitt in November, due partially to questionable officiating but also to three interceptions thrown by Deshaun Watson and a failure to convert a 4th-and-1 late in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9451361", "score": "1.1565598", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "four" ]

[ { "title": "Cranberry Glades", "text": "cranberries, sphagnum moss, skunk cabbage, and two carnivorous plants (purple pitcher plant, sundew). The Glades serve as the southernmost home of many of the plant species found there. The Glades have been the subject of much scientific study, especially during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Professor Maurice Brooks conducted studies in 1930, 1934, and 1945. The work of Strausbaugh (1934), Darlington (1943), and Core (1955) followed. In 1974, the Cranberry Glades Botanical Area was designated a National Natural Landmark. The natural history of the Glades has been traced back at least 12,200 years. Apparently, a forest of conifer-northern hardwoods replaced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5904196", "score": "1.0588012", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Glades culture", "text": "I, 500 BCE to 750 CE, Glades II, 900 to 1200, and Glades III, 1200 to 1513. Glades culture The Glades culture is an archaeological culture in southernmost Florida that lasted from about 500 BCE until shortly after European contact. Its area included the Everglades, the Florida Keys, the Atlantic coast of Florida north through present-day Martin County and the Gulf coast north to Marco Island in Collier County. It did not include the area around Lake Okeechobee, which was part of the Belle Glade culture. Two, or possibly three, areas at the extremities of the cultural area are recognized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7555537", "score": "1.0350344", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Glades culture", "text": "throughout the Glades culture period was undecorated. It is identified as Glades primarily by the character of the sand and grit included in the clay used to form the pottery. Pots decorated with puncture marks and incisions appeared after 500, but were not very common. Decorated pots disappeared from the record in about 1100. Pots with a new type of incised decoration appeared about 1200 and lasted for about 200 years. Pottery attributed to the St. Johns culture started appearing in the archeological record after that. On the basis of pottery sequences, the Glades culture period is divided into Glades", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7555536", "score": "1.032045", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Cranberry Glades", "text": "tundra with the end of the last Ice Age. Over time the Glades formed into what it is today. Now, most of the bog is underlain by peat that is up to thick. Under the peat is a layer of algal ooze and the ooze by marl. Since a limestone source in the surrounding rocks is indicated, an ample source appears to be present in the underlying Hinton Formation, a circumstance that also has significant implications for the Glades' flora. The area is not entirely a glade, but a bog or wetland covered with all sorts of decaying vegetation. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5904197", "score": "1.0113069", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cranberry Glades", "text": "peat and decaying organic matter is more than ten feet thick under the dense plant cover. The ground is not as much as quicksand or swampy, but spongy. It is in a high valley, about 3,300 to 3,400 feet (1,005 to 1,036 meters) above sea level, surrounded by the Cranberry, Kennison, and Black Mountains. Five separate glades were identified and named in 1911 — Big Glade (59 acres), Flag Glade (28 acres), Long Glade (20 acres), Round Glade (8 acres) and Little Glade (1 acre). The smallest, Little Glade, has since grown over and is no longer recognizable. Darlington's studies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5904198", "score": "1.0073941", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Glades (TV series)", "text": "on March 7, 2012. It contains all 13 episodes of season one. Special features include deleted scenes, a gag reel, behind-the-scenes footage, \"Sunshine State of Mind: Casting The Glades\" and \"A Location for Murder: Filming in The Glades\" featurettes, and cast commentaries. \"The Glades: Season Two\" was released on DVD in region 1 on July 10, 2012, and is set to be released in region 4 on December 31, 2013. It contains all 13 episodes of season two. Special features include deleted scenes, commentary, \"Jim Longworth's Guide to Police Work\" and \"Love Triangles: Relationship Complexities and The Glades\" featurettes, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14705040", "score": "1.0040746", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Glades (TV series)", "text": "It is filmed in a former carpet warehouse in Pembroke Park, Florida, and in the Hollywood and Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, metro area, making it one of the three series at the time, along with \"Burn Notice\" and \"Retired at 35\", to be filmed exclusively in the state. Matt Passmore was the first actor cast in the series. Kiele Sanchez, Uriah Shelton, and Carlos Gómez were cast next. On February 25, 2010, \"The Glades\" was given a series order of 13 episodes. Though A&E advertised the show as a \"CSI\"-type series, it was more of a standard \"police procedural\", with forensics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14705037", "score": "0.991827", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Glades culture", "text": "Glades culture The Glades culture is an archaeological culture in southernmost Florida that lasted from about 500 BCE until shortly after European contact. Its area included the Everglades, the Florida Keys, the Atlantic coast of Florida north through present-day Martin County and the Gulf coast north to Marco Island in Collier County. It did not include the area around Lake Okeechobee, which was part of the Belle Glade culture. Two, or possibly three, areas at the extremities of the cultural area are recognized as variant districts: the Ten Thousand Islands district in southern coastal Collier County and northern Monroe County,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7555534", "score": "0.987443", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cranberry Glades", "text": "— also live in the Big Glade. Much of the area provides a home for many species of mosses. These include a cover of sphagnum moss, bird-wheat moss, bog moss and reindeer lichen. Hummocks of these plants reach a height of . Over top of these grow prostrate cranberry vines that bloom nice pink flowers in the summer and a bunch of fruits in late September. Within the Glades floodplain, most tree species occur in the \"bog forest\" habitat, which is composed primarily of a mixture of red spruce, eastern (or Canada) hemlock, yellow birch and red maple. The upland", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5904201", "score": "0.98279035", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "List of The Glades episodes", "text": "A total of 49 episodes of The Glades were produced and aired over four seasons.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cranberry Glades", "text": "between Kennison and Black Mountains. It then joins the Gauley River down the mountains at about above sea level. Many of the plants found in the Glades resemble those in the northern region of North America. They are descendants of seeds that took root over ten thousand years ago before the last glacial retreat. Among these are two unusual species of carnivorous plants that thrive in the area — the purple pitcher plant and native sundew. They evolved carnivorous habits because of the scarce root food in the spongy soil. Two very rare boreal plants — bog rosemary and buckbean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5904200", "score": "0.9764746", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Glades (TV series)", "text": "playing only a peripheral role in the stories. On September 13, 2010, A&E announced that the show had been renewed for a second season. Season two of the series premiered on Sunday, June 5, 2011. On October 18, 2011, \"The Glades\" was renewed for a third season, which premiered June 3, 2012. With a 5% increase in viewership, A&E renewed \"The Glades\" for a fourth season. On September 1, 2013, \"The Huffington Post\" reported that the A&E Network did not renew \"The Glades\" for its fifth season. Show creator Clifton Campbell later told Rob Owen that the fifth season would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14705038", "score": "0.96949255", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Glades culture", "text": "the East Okeechobee district in eastern Martin and Palm Beach counties, and, with less certainty, the Florida Keys. At the time of first European contact, the Ten Thousand Islands district was part of the Calusa domain, the East Okeechobee district was occupied by the Jaega tribe, and the area of Broward and Miami-Dade counties was occupied by the Tequesta tribe. The inhabitants of the Florida Keys were called \"Matecumbes\" by the Spanish, but it is not clear how distinct they were from the Tequesta. The Glades culture is defined almost entirely on the basis of pottery. Much of the pottery", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7555535", "score": "0.9693779", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Interior Low Plateaus", "text": "woodland communities. Due to fire suppression and other land-use changes, many are now surrounded by dense thickets of redcedar (\"Juniperus virginiana\") and redbud (\"Cercis canadensis\"). Glades are most common the Nashville Basin, although there are rare examples found in the Mitchell Plain, Pennyroyal Plain and Outer Bluegrass. Glades have a flora adapted to extreme dry conditions in the summer, and standing water in the spring. The glades of the Nashville Basin and Moulton Valley are considered a center endemism due to their large number of restricted species. Characteristic species of the Nashville Basin glades include Nashville glade cress (\"Leavenworthia stylosa\"),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16530992", "score": "0.96873194", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Glade Spring, Virginia", "text": "Glade Spring, Virginia Glade Spring is a town in Washington County, Virginia, United States. The population was 1,456 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kingsport–Bristol (TN)–Bristol (VA) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the \"Tri-Cities\" region. The original name of Glade Spring derives from the Indian word Passawatami which means \"this is the place\". According to early records, near the town is a field where Native American tribes held a type of Olympics in the fall, with athletic competitions, dancing and socializing. The Porterfield", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1244505", "score": "0.9684545", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Glade Spring, Virginia", "text": "census of 2000, there were 1,374 people, 565 households, and 402 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,093.4 people per square mile (421.0/km²). There were 626 housing units at an average density of 498.2 per square mile (191.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 92.36% White, 7.06% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.07% of the population. There were 565 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1244510", "score": "0.96705556", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Cranberry Glades", "text": "the Glades form a bowl, draining their cool air downhill to the Glades. Due to the high elevation, the potential for frost exists year-round at Cranberry Glades. In some years, the frost-free period has been as short as 81 days. Still, the average summer high is in roughly 74 °F-82 °F (23 °C-28 °C). Mid-winter temperatures record as low as , and the area often sees heavy snow. Today, Cranberry Glades serves as a major tourism stop along the Highland Scenic Highway corridor. Near the Glades is the Cranberry Mountain Nature Center providing interpretive services. Within the Glades area itself,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5904207", "score": "0.96243215", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Interior Low Plateaus", "text": "the Highland Rim. It is unclear whether these communities rely on fire for their openness, or are maintained by soil conditions alone. They are usually dominated by short grasses such as little bluestem (\"Schizachyrium scoparium\"), and large showy forbs such as prairie dock (\"Silphium terebinthinaceum\") and blazing star (\"Liatris\"). Barrens are particularity abundant and well-preserved in the area of Adams County, Ohio, which includes Adams Lake Prairie, Lynx Prairie, Chaparral Prairie, and others. Glades are areas of flat rock exposures of bedrock. In the Nashville Basin, glades are most often found in areas that were a matrix of barren and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16530991", "score": "0.9612069", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Museum of the Glades", "text": "The archives grew following the 1977 excavation of the Belle Glade Mound that held many artifacts including pottery, shells, and bones. In 2012, an archaeologist completed research on the Belle Glade Mound Collection at the Smithsonian, and the prehistoric Native Americans that lived in the area between 700AD-1500AD. For many decades, the archives were curated by Dr. Joseph Orsenigo until his death in 2009. In 2012, the Belle Glade Historical Society reorganized to become the Museum of the Glades. The Belle Glades Culture is estimated to have prospered from around 500 BC through 1500 AD. These early people were well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17222691", "score": "0.9611517", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Glade (geography)", "text": "Glade (geography) In the most general sense, a glade or clearing is an open area within a forest. Glades are often grassy meadows under the canopy of deciduous trees such as red alder or quaking aspen in western North America. They also represent openings in forests where local conditions such as avalanches, poor soils, or fire damage have created semi-permanent clearings. They are very important to herbivorous animals, such as deer and elk, for forage and denning activities. Sometimes the word is used in a looser sense, as in the treeless wetlands of the Everglades. In the central United States,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7386187", "score": "0.95638275", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Glades (band)", "text": "Glades (band) Glades is an Australian electronica, indie pop band composed of vocalist/guitarist Karina Wykes and multi-instrumentalist producers Cameron Robertson and Joseph Wenceslao. The trio met at William Clarke College in Kellyville, New South Wales, Sydney and formed Glades in 2015. The band's name comes from a ski run band member Robertson saw on during a holiday in the snow. In 2015, the band uploaded a cover of fellow Australian Troye Sivan's \"Fools\" on SoundCloud and received an early endorsement from Sivan himself. The band signed to EMI Australia in 2016 and in October, released their debut extended play, \"This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20652309", "score": "0.9523485", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Glade (geography)", "text": "the term glade is used more specifically to describe rocky, prairie-like habitats that occur in areas of shallow soil. Glades are characterized by unique plant and animal communities that are adapted to harsh and dry conditions. Glade (geography) In the most general sense, a glade or clearing is an open area within a forest. Glades are often grassy meadows under the canopy of deciduous trees such as red alder or quaking aspen in western North America. They also represent openings in forests where local conditions such as avalanches, poor soils, or fire damage have created semi-permanent clearings. They are very", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7386188", "score": "0.94995403", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Belle Glade culture", "text": "hammocks near open water. In 2013, Victor D. Thompson UG, and Thomas J. Pluckhahn SFU researched the site. Besides finding additional mounds and features, their dating showed that Sears' dates were off by 1300 years. The great circle was started around 800 B.C. and soon after the mortuary mound/pond complex was built. These new dates likewise change the chronology. Glade II would have started 800-500 B.C. and would indicate that St. Johns and Weeden Island II culture likewise was earlier. The people of the Belle Glade culture subsisted on hunting and gathering. Animals in the diet included deer, turtle, snake,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7466372", "score": "0.9465912", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Glades (New Jersey)", "text": "The Glades (New Jersey) The Glades is a name for in Newport, New Jersey along the Delaware Bay. Owned by Natural Lands Trust, the formal name of this preserve is the \"Glades Wildlife Refuge\" and is publicly accessible at several points. Several of these points are part of New Jersey's Coastal Heritage Route. Part of Bear Swamp, Bear Swamp West, is in the Refuge. Its broadleaf swamp forests contain of old-growth forest, one of the largest such tracts in New Jersey. Fortescue Beach and Raybins Beach are home to migratory birds each spring as well as horseshoe crabs, which lay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9058932", "score": "0.94413555", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Wildcat Glades Conservation and Audubon Center", "text": "underneath the soil, which has eroded and been exposed to the surface. Plants characteristic of arid areas, including cacti, grow here. Other plants had to adapt to the environment, resulting in some species having stunted growth. There are only of chert glades remaining, of which are in Wildcat Glades. In 2002, researchers from the New York Botanical Gardens visited Wildcat Glades to document lichen species as part of a regional study. During this visit, the researchers discovered a previously unknown species of lichen here, \"Dermatocarpon arenosaxi\", an unusual species that has adapted to survive both on land and in water.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17150553", "score": "0.9391049", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Museum of the Glades", "text": "organized and had an extensive trade network with other tribes in Florida. During the 1930s, archeologists excavated the Belle Glade Mound, which was the first large mound site to be uncovered. Museum of the Glades The Lawrence E. Will Museum of the Glades, formerly the Belle Glade Historical Society, is a museum of local history located in Belle Glade, Florida. The Museum of the Glades represents the total Glades experience with an archive collection that dates back to the early Belle Glade people present thousands of years ago, the Seminoles, early pioneer settlements, agricultural tools and innovations, the early hurricanes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17222692", "score": "0.9378364", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Indigenous people of the Everglades region", "text": "1947, archaeologist John Goggin described the three periods after examining shell mounds. He excavated one on Matecumbe Key, another at Gordon Pass near modern-day Naples, and a third south of Lake Okeechobee near modern-day Belle Glade. The Glades I culture, lasting from 500 BCE to 800 CE, was apparently focused around Gordon Pass and is considered the least sophisticated due to the lack of artifacts. What has been found—primarily pottery—is gritty and plain. With the advent of a well-established culture in 800 CE, the Glades II period is characterized by more ornate pottery, wide use of tools throughout the South", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11904648", "score": "0.9370726", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Calcareous glade", "text": "name comes from the abundance of eastern redcedar (\"Juniperus virginiana\") that occurs on the margins of the glades or in cracks in the bedrock where the roots can gain a foothold. Many of the characteristic plants that grow in the limestone glades of the Central Basin are endemics that occur nowhere else, or disjunct populations of plants that are widespread in the prairies of the central U.S. Some species with highly restricted ranges that occur in the glades of the Central Basin include the Tennessee coneflower (\"Echinacea tennesseensis\"), Pyne's ground plum (\"Astragalus bibullatus\"), leafy prairie clover (\"Dalea foliosa\"), Tennessee milkvetch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7742243", "score": "0.93616545", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Back to Methuselah", "text": "The opening scene is a sunlit glade at the foot of thickly wooded hill, on a warm summer afternoon in 31,920 AD. On the west side stands a little classic temple and in the middle of the glade there is a marble altar, shaped like a table, and long enough for a man to lie on. Rows of curved marble benches, spaced well apart, fan out from the altar. A path with stairs of rough-cut stone leads upward from the temple to the hill. In the glade, a group of youths and maidens, all appearing to be eighteen or older", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4768587", "score": "0.9319265", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Museum of the Glades", "text": "Museum of the Glades The Lawrence E. Will Museum of the Glades, formerly the Belle Glade Historical Society, is a museum of local history located in Belle Glade, Florida. The Museum of the Glades represents the total Glades experience with an archive collection that dates back to the early Belle Glade people present thousands of years ago, the Seminoles, early pioneer settlements, agricultural tools and innovations, the early hurricanes of the 20th century, and local history records through the 1960s. Part of Palm Beach County, the city of Belle Glade is on the southeastern shore of Lake Okeechobee and part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17222688", "score": "0.9296907", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

[ "late 1970s", "1974", "1973", "1970s" ]

[ { "title": "Cystic fibrosis", "text": "discovered abnormalities in sweat electrolytes; a sweat test was developed and improved over the next decade. The first linkage between CF and another marker (Paroxonase) was found in 1985 by Hans Eiberg, indicating that only one locus exists for CF. In 1988, the first mutation for CF, ΔF508 was discovered by Francis Collins, Lap-Chee Tsui, and John R. Riordan on the seventh chromosome. Subsequent research has found over 1,000 different mutations that cause CF. Because mutations in the \"CFTR\" gene are typically small, classical genetics techniques had been unable to accurately pinpoint the mutated gene. Using protein markers, gene-linkage studies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "611154", "score": "1.0068595", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Heidelberg Appeal", "text": "their privileged position as the 'go-to authorities' on all such health and environmental matters. They didn't see this as a climate-denial statement. One of the signatories, Nobel Prize winner Philip Anderson, a professor of physics at Princeton University, cited the continued dispersal of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as a prime example of an environmentally hazardous situation identified by scientists. He complained that despite science's disapproval, CFC's persists to be released as a result of industrial interests and denial of potential harm. He asserted that: \"\"It's a sneaky thing to keep the CFC plants going. [... However ... ] industrialists, not scientists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1530494", "score": "0.9886521", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Couples for Christ", "text": "1981. Although FFL has received support from some Philippine and foreign dioceses, CFC still retains its recognition as a Catholic ministry nationally in the Philippines and internationally. Many bishops have also declared recognition of CFC in their dioceses, including John J. Myers, Archbishop of Newark. In 2009, CFC-Global found itself being split again into 2 groups, CFC-IC and CFC-Gawad Kalinga. This was triggered when the existing conflict between CFC and GK leaders resurfaced. In 2014, an update of the Christian Life Program has been released to reflect that CFC is explicitly Catholic, truly global, and devotedly Marian. ANCOP stands for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4452963", "score": "0.979754", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Montreal Protocol", "text": "including most of the major CFC producers, signed the Vienna Convention, which established a framework for negotiating international regulations on ozone-depleting substances. After the discovery of the ozone hole by SAGE 2 it only took 18 months to reach a binding agreement in Montreal, Canada. But the CFC industry did not give up that easily. As late as 1986, the Alliance for Responsible CFC Policy (an association representing the CFC industry founded by DuPont) was still arguing that the science was too uncertain to justify any action. In 1987, DuPont testified before the US Congress that \"We believe there is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "268091", "score": "0.95652324", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Samuel Curtis Johnson Jr.", "text": "Amazon, or a reef around an atoll, it's gone forever.\" Johnson was one of the first business leaders to recognize the danger to the Earth's ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a then-popular propellant in aerosol products, voluntarily banning the substance from all of S.C. Johnson's products in 1975 to the shock and anger of many people inside the company and across the nation. The then-unproven scientific research led Johnson to publish a letter to the public explaining his decision. \"Our own company scientists confirm that as a scientific hypothesis it may be possible... We concur that the pressing need for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4325974", "score": "0.9490161", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Heterozygote advantage", "text": "effective. If effective sickle-cell anemia treatments become available to the same degree, allele frequencies should remain at their present levels in these populations. In this context, 'treatment effectiveness' refers to the reproductive fitness it grants, rather than the degree of suffering alleviation. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive hereditary monogenic disease of the lungs, sweat glands and digestive system. The disorder is caused by the malfunction of the CFTR protein, which controls intermembrane transport of chloride ions, which is vital to maintaining equilibrium of water in the body. The malfunctioning protein causes viscous mucus to form in the lungs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3557786", "score": "0.94459164", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ronald Bailey", "text": "In 1993 Bailey repeated his accusations in his book, \"Ecoscam\". In it, he claimed that none of the projections of the 1972 \"LTG\" study turned out to be correct. In his 1993 book, \"Ecoscam\", Bailey wrote, \"Despite a great deal of continuing scientific uncertainty, it appears that CFCs do contribute to the creation of the Antarctic ozone hole and perhaps a tiny amount of global ozone depletion...[I]t makes sense to phase out the use of CFCs.\" When \"Science\" reported in July 2016 that the ozone layer was restoring itself after CFCs were banned, Bailey wrote, \"Since atmospheric pollution presents significant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5331432", "score": "0.9444356", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Freon", "text": "trademark) like \"xerox\" or \"kleenex.\" It is commonly used when referring to any fluorocarbon refrigerants. The first CFCs were synthesized by Frédéric Swarts in the 1890s. In the late 1920s, a research team was formed by Charles Franklin Kettering in General Motors to find a replacement for the dangerous refrigerants then in use, such as ammonia. The team was headed by Thomas Midgley, Jr. In 1928, they improved the synthesis of CFCs and demonstrated their usefulness for such a purpose and their stability and nontoxicity. Kettering patented a refrigerating apparatus to use the gas; this was issued to Frigidaire, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1774834", "score": "0.9407457", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "James Lovelock", "text": "on to measure the concentration of CFC-11 from the northern hemisphere to the Antarctic aboard the research vessel RRS \"Shackleton\". He found the gas in each of the 50 air samples that he collected but, not realising that the breakdown of CFCs in the stratosphere would release chlorine that posed a threat to the ozone layer, concluded that the level of CFCs constituted \"no conceivable hazard\". He has since stated that he meant \"no conceivable toxic hazard\". However, the experiment did provide the first useful data on the ubiquitous presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. The damage caused to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "218433", "score": "0.93910706", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Chlorofluorocarbon", "text": "Since the late 1970s, the use of CFCs has been heavily regulated because of their destructive effects on the ozone layer. After the development of his electron capture detector, James Lovelock was the first to detect the widespread presence of CFCs in the air, finding a mole fraction of 60 ppt of CFC-11 over Ireland. In a self-funded research expedition ending in 1973, Lovelock went on to measure CFC-11 in both the Arctic and Antarctic, finding the presence of the gas in each of 50 air samples collected, and concluding that CFCs are not hazardous to the environment. The experiment did however provide the first useful data on the presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. The damage caused by CFCs was discovered by Sherry Rowland and Mario Molina who, after hearing a lecture on the subject of Lovelock's work, embarked on research resulting in the first publication suggesting the connection in 1974. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Gawad Kalinga", "text": "he enumerated 18 points to support his conclusion, including involvement with Mormons, acceptance of donations from pharmaceutical companies that produce contraceptives, gradual secularization and erosion of CFC's presence, and excessive acknowledgment of Meloto as \"founder and father\" of GK. However, what started as a conflict over GK led to division within CFC itself. The following months saw GK being criticized by Padilla and other CFC leaders (known as the \"Easter Group\" in homage of Padilla's article) for its failures, until some bishops from the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines proposed that GK be separated from CFC. CFC stood by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4754961", "score": "0.9349414", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cystic fibrosis", "text": "were able to map the mutation to chromosome 7. Chromosome-walking and -jumping techniques were then used to identify and sequence the gene. In 1989, Lap-Chee Tsui led a team of researchers at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto that discovered the gene responsible for CF. CF represents a classic example of how a human genetic disorder was elucidated strictly by the process of forward genetics. Gene therapy has been explored as a potential cure for CF. Results from clinical trials have shown limited success , and using gene therapy as routine therapy is not suggested. A small study published", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "611155", "score": "0.9313691", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ozone depletion", "text": "for cleaning circuit boards. Worldwide CFC production fell sharply after the U.S. aerosol ban, but by 1986 had returned nearly to its 1976 level. In 1993, DuPont Canada closed its CFC facility. The U.S. government's attitude began to change again in 1983, when William Ruckelshaus replaced Anne M. Burford as Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Under Ruckelshaus and his successor, Lee Thomas, the EPA pushed for an international approach to halocarbon regulations. In 1985 twenty nations, including most of the major CFC producers, signed the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, which established a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "546027", "score": "0.92943716", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of climate change science", "text": "1975, V. Ramanathan found that a CFC molecule could be 10,000 times more effective in absorbing infrared radiation than a carbon dioxide molecule, making CFCs potentially important despite their very low concentrations in the atmosphere. While most early work on CFCs focused on their role in ozone depletion, by 1985 Ramanathan and others showed that CFCs together with methane and other trace gases could have nearly as important a climate effect as increases in . In other words, global warming would arrive twice as fast as had been expected. In 1985 a joint UNEP/WMO/ICSU Conference on the \"Assessment of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13525429", "score": "0.928087", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lap-Chee Tsui", "text": "2011, he had decided not to seek re-appointment. He served until 31 March 2014. Tsui became internationally acclaimed in 1989 when he and his team identified the defective gene, namely Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), that causes cystic fibrosis, which is a major breakthrough in human genetics. He has also made significant contributions to the study of the human genome, especially the characterization of chromosome 7, and, identification of additional disease genes. Tsui has received numerous awards and honours for his outstanding work over the years. His honours include the titles of Distinguished Scientist of the Medical Research Council", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2228643", "score": "0.92598885", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Samuel Curtis Johnson Jr.", "text": "reliable scientific investigation... We at Johnson Wax are taking this action in the interest of our customers and the public in general during a period of uncertainty and scientific inquiry.\" Over the next few years, Johnson encouraged his scientists to develop the company's many non-CFC aerosol propellants and pulled his aerosol business out of several countries in which CFCs were mandated in aerosol production. Three years after Johnson recalled and ceased production of all CFC products, the U.S. government corroborated the research of the substance's harmful effects and unilaterally banned CFCs. Johnson was praised for his early decision. Johnson was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4325975", "score": "0.9233887", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Mario J. Molina", "text": "with, and only with, excess translational energy owing to radioactive processes. This study soon led to research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), apparently harmless gases that were used in refrigerants, aerosol sprays, and the making of plastic foams. CFCs were being released by human activity and were known to be accumulating in the atmosphere. The basic scientific question Molina asked was \"What is the consequence of society releasing something to the environment that wasn’t there before?\" Rowland and Molina had investigated compounds similar to CFCs before. Together they developed the CFC ozone depletion theory, by combining basic scientific knowledge about the chemistry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2738592", "score": "0.92243993", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Venture philanthropy", "text": "intended to address the underlying cause of CF. The company in which CFF invested was Aurora Biosciences; CFF provided $30 million for Aurora to identify and develop up to three drug candidates. The unusual nature of the arrangement was widely noted. In 2001, Aurora was acquired by Vertex Pharmaceuticals, but CFF continued to fund development of the CF drug candidates. That funding eventually grew to $150 million, much of which was raised for the CFF by Joe O’Donnell, a Boston businessman whose son died of CF. When Vertex started selling Kalydeco, it priced it at about $300,000 a year and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9873526", "score": "0.91879225", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of climate change science", "text": "global warming effect. In 1975, V. Ramanathan found that a CFC molecule could be 10,000 times more effective in absorbing infrared radiation than a carbon dioxide molecule, making CFCs potentially important despite their very low concentrations in the atmosphere. While most early work on CFCs focused on their role in ozone depletion, by 1985 scientists had concluded that CFCs together with methane and other trace gases could have nearly as important a climate effect as increases in CO. History of climate change science The history of the scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when ice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13525434", "score": "0.917972", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Catholics for Choice", "text": "CFC's potential to cause harm to their aims is intensified because CFC's positions are taken in the name of Catholics, publicly undermining the authority of the Church. Critics say that CFC speaks for bigger, secular pro-choice organizations and also that it is a facade for anti-Catholicism. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) has repeatedly rejected CFC's claim to Catholic identity and characterized it as \"an arm of the abortion lobby.\" In 1993, the bishops said that CFC is not an \"authentic\" Catholic organization and charged that it had \"rejected unity with the church on important issues of long-standing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6518086", "score": "0.9165926", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Bone marrow suppression", "text": "efficacy of the drug against the disease is often balanced against the likely level of myelotoxicity the drug will cause. In-vitro colony forming cell (CFC) assays using normal human bone marrow grown in appropriate semi-solid media such as ColonyGEL have been shown to be useful in predicting the level of clinical myelotoxicity a certain compound might cause if administered to humans. These predictive in-vitro assays reveal effects the administered compounds have on the bone marrow progenitor cells that produce the various mature cells in the blood and can be used to test the effects of single drugs or the effects", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2817226", "score": "0.9095408", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Catholics for Choice", "text": "unable to advance their political goals on the topic of abortion. In 1992, CFC was classified as a non-governmental organization by the United Nations (U.N.); CFC subsequently participated in some U.N. conferences. With other groups, the CFC successfully lobbied against the naming of John M. Klink, a former representative of the Holy See at the U.N., to lead the State Department Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration in 2001. More recently, it has assisted in drafting legislation with the stated goal of reducing abortions, partly by increasing financing for family planning. In April 1995, the \"National Catholic Reporter\" published a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6518078", "score": "0.90842736", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Couples for Christ", "text": "the Philippines there can be two groups of the CFC provided again the bishop of the place will permit. Abroad, FFL may not use CFC in their names.\" The Vatican has not revoked the recognition given to CFC, evidence cited by CFC that indeed it is the Vatican-recognized CFC. Padilla's claim to be the founder of CFC, which is supported by FFL, is questioned by CFC. CFC's publication Origins of Couples for Christ directly responds to this claim by including the point of view of Vic Gutierrez, a former LNP leader who was responsible for the conceptualization of CFC in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4452962", "score": "0.90494573", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Canadian Forces College", "text": "Metropolitan Separate School Board (now called the Toronto Catholic District School Board) as Marshall McLuhan Catholic Secondary School, opened in 1998. The CFC stated mission is to prepare senior military and civilian leaders to meet the complex security challenges of the future. The CFC is a world leader in defence and security education, research, and outreach, acting as the intellectual engine of the Canadian Forces and enhancing and sustaining the effectiveness of the Canadian Forces and of defence and security organizations within Canada and its alliances. Canadian Forces College The Canadian Forces College (CFC) is a military school for senior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11570596", "score": "0.9034904", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Catholics for Choice", "text": "base among Catholics.\" She said the CFC arguments were not different from other pro-choice groups. Pennsylvania State University professor and historian of religion Philip Jenkins wrote that CFFC is a public voice for anti-Catholic opinions. He wrote that in 1991 Frances Kissling stated, \"I spent twenty years looking for a government that I could overthrow without being thrown in jail. I finally found one in the Catholic church.\" Jenkins also writes that Kissling engages in \"solid seventeenth-century anti-popery\". In response to accusations of anti-Catholicism, ecofeminist theologian and CFC board member Rosemary Radford Ruether wrote that CFC was part of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6518089", "score": "0.903334", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Gawad Kalinga", "text": "GK, and the Easter Group decided to convince some CFC leaders and members to separate from CFC, leading to the formation of the Couples for Christ Foundation for Family and Life (CFC FFL). A resolution between CFC and GK was finally reached in 2009, when CFC Executive Director Joe Tale announced the major decision of the CFC International Council \"to let go of the governance and corporate structure of GK\" so the latter can focus on its expanding work within and outside the country as a non-religious organization. As a result of the departure of the CFC International Council from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4754962", "score": "0.90314955", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Circulating free DNA", "text": "stroke, transplantation, diabetes, and sickle cell disease. Circulated cell-free DNA was first discovered by Mandel and Metais in 1948. It was later discovered that the level of cfDNA is significantly increased in the plasma of diseased patients. This discovery was first made in Lupus patients and later it was determined that the levels of cfDNA are elevated in over half of cancer patients. This increase in cfDNA in cancer patients has been shown to be due to circulating tumor cells (CTC) traveling in the peripheral blood. The ability to extract circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from the human plasma has led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19373939", "score": "0.89945674", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Cystic fibrosis", "text": "In 1936, Guido Fanconi described a connection between celiac disease, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and bronchiectasis. In 1938, Dorothy Hansine Andersen published an article, \"Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas and Its Relation to Celiac Disease: a Clinical and Pathological Study\", in the \"American Journal of Diseases of Children\". She was the first to describe the characteristic cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and to correlate it with the lung and intestinal disease prominent in CF. She also first hypothesized that CF was a recessive disease and first used pancreatic enzyme replacement to treat affected children. In 1952, Paul di Sant'Agnese", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "611153", "score": "0.8980452", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Combined Federal Campaign", "text": "for profit contractor was paid $12,393,828 to administer the CFC in 2017, plus $2,764,149 as the first of three payments to develop a new CFC software platform. OPM directed an additional $10,879,386 to for profit partnerships that conducted campaign promotion in OPM's newly established CFC Zones. Total CFC administrative costs exceeded 25% of donations pledged for 2017. Contributions to the CFC totaled $12.9 million in 1964, $82.8 million in 1979, and peaked at $282.6 million in 2009. In 2011, CFC pledges totaled $272.7 million with 24% of the federal workforce participating and an average employee pledge of $284.27. In 2012,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4491670", "score": "0.89535815", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Consideration of future consequences", "text": "to other similar constructs, the CFC scale has demonstrated good convergent validity. Measures of internal locus of control, delay of gratification, and the future oriented items on the Stanford Time Perspective Inventory, have all been found to be positively correlated with CFC. The CFC scale has also shown good incremental validity. Strathman and colleagues measured the amount of variance predicted by CFC over and above the effects of other similar variables. Results showed that CFC predicted health behaviours, such as smoking and environmental behaviours, over and above the variables of conscientiousness, hope, optimism, and time perspective. CFC is relatively stable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16287651", "score": "0.89422446", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

[ "Arkansas", "Arkansas Razorbacks" ]

[ { "title": "Kris Bruton", "text": "rebounds per game, while completing 231 of 380 shots. He also won the Slam Dunk Contest during the 1994 NCAA Final Four Weekend in Charlotte, North Carolina, and again in New Orleans, Louisiana in 2003. Following his graduation from Benedict College, Bruton was drafted by the Chicago Bulls in the second round of the 1994 NBA Draft. The 49th pick overall, he was a pre-season cut in both 1994 and 1995, before a thigh injury ended his NBA career. Shortly after, he traveled overseas to play in Nagoya, Japan, where he played for two years before returning to the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9303712", "score": "0.96452117", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Darvin Ham", "text": "the Red Raiders, catapulting them to the second Sweet Sixteen in school history. The dunk was featured on the cover of \"Sports Illustrated\". Ham won the NCAA slam dunk contest in 1996, following former college teammate Lance Hughes' win in 1995. In his 90-game college career, he averaged 8.1 points, 5.1 rebounds, 1.0 assists and 1.5 turnovers in 22.9 minutes, on top of .597 FG and .498 FT shooting. Ham was signed by the Denver Nuggets as a free agent on 1 October 1996. He was then traded by Denver to the Indiana Pacers for Jerome Allen on February 1997.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5662895", "score": "0.94875264", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Willie Mitchell (basketball)", "text": "(MHSAA) Class A basketball championships in 1992 and 1993 as well as a runner-up finish in 1994. During his time at Pershing the team accumulated a 92–11 record. He averaged 21.9 points and 11 rebounds during his senior season, but the team lost to Detroit Public School League rival Robert Traylor's Detroit Murray-Wright High School in the MHSAA championships. He was named both McDonald's All-American and Magic's Roundball Classic selections during his senior season. He was named \"Detroit News\" All-State his sophomore (4th team), junior and senior seasons. He was part of a highly touted Michigan Wolverines men's basketball recruiting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12319423", "score": "0.9333965", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Scott Burrell", "text": "player in NCAA history to compile over 1,500 points, 750 rebounds, 275 assists and 300 steals. Scott is known for his full court pass with 1 second on the clock to Tate George, who hit a shot as time expired to beat Clemson in the East Regional Semi-final in the 1990 NCAA tournament. Burrell was selected by the Charlotte Hornets with the 20th pick of the 1993 NBA Draft. He averaged 4.8 points per game during his rookie season, but he blossomed during his sophomore year, averaging 11.5 points and finishing third in voting for the NBA Most Improved Player", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7277641", "score": "0.9301476", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rod Monroe (American football)", "text": "junior college. He transferred to the University of Cincinnati after his sophomore season, where he played for the basketball team under coach Bob Huggins, along with future NBA players Danny Fortson and Ruben Patterson. Monroe averaged 3.2 points and 2.9 rebounds per game in the 1995-96 season, backing up Fortson at small forward and helping the team win the Conference USA title and reach the NCAA Elite Eight. His best game was against the University of Arizona, collecting 11 points and 7 rebounds. He averaged 4.6 points and 2.5 rebounds in the 1996-97 season, contributing to the team winning the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18418129", "score": "0.9261577", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cuonzo Martin", "text": "the tournament. Cuonzo Martin attended Purdue University, where he played for Gene Keady and alongside Wooden Award winner, Glenn Robinson. The 6'6\", 215 lb guard/forward helped lead the Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team to back-to-back Big Ten Conference Titles in 1994 and 1995 and an Elite Eight appearance. Martin held future NBA players Shawn Respert of Michigan State and Wisconsin's Michael Finley to season lows in scoring as a Senior. On March 24, 1994, Martin set a school record with the most three pointers made in a game, making 8 of 13 threes against Kansas in a Sweet Sixteen, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8248360", "score": "0.9204047", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1993–94 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team", "text": "Bailey. In the opening round of the 1994 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, Howard helped Michigan survive with a 78–74 overtime victory over by scoring 28 points and adding 9 rebounds before fouling out. In the second round, Howard posted 34 points and 18 rebounds to lead the team to an 84–79 victory over . Michigan faced a Joe Smith-led in the Sweet Sixteen round. Howard scored 24 and had 11 rebounds before fouling out with 2:49 remaining in the 78–71 victory. Howard earned the regional MVP award with a game-high 30 points and 13 rebounds despite collecting two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14910091", "score": "0.91553056", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Melvin Booker", "text": "Mississippi standouts Litterial Green and Chris Jackson. Booker was the 1994 Big Eight Player of the Year, when he led Missouri to an undefeated conference record of 14–0 and an Elite Eight berth. He was also an all Big Eight selection in 1993 and 1994 and was a 1994 first-team All-American. In 1999, Booker was elected to the intercollegiate athletics Hall of Fame at the University of Missouri. Despite those accomplishments, Booker was not selected in the 1994 NBA draft. He played in the NBA for the Houston Rockets during the 1995–96 season; and the Denver Nuggets and Golden State", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10895170", "score": "0.9138863", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Sherron Wilkerson", "text": "September 1992. He had a very successful senior year, during which he won the 1993 IHSAA state championship while averaging 16.5 points and 7.0 assists. He was considered one of the top shooting guards in the nation, and earned a selection in the McDonald's All-American team: in the 1993 McDonald's All-American Boys Game he did not score. He recorded totals of 1,140 points and 404 assists in 83 games played at Jeffersonville High. He was originally named 1993 Indiana Mr. Basketball, winning over Maurice Fuller of Anderson by two votes, but the award was then vacated and given to Fuller", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20941440", "score": "0.91188323", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "1994 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", "text": "In the national championship game, Arkansas defeated Duke by a score of 76–72 and won their first ever national championship.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ervin Johnson", "text": "for the 1990-1991 season, All-Sun Belt Conference for the 1991-1992 season and was the 1992-1993 Sun Belt Conference Player of the Year. A 6'11\", 245-pound center from the University of New Orleans, Johnson was selected 23rd overall by the Seattle SuperSonics in the 1993 NBA draft, and has played for the Sonics, Denver Nuggets, Minnesota Timberwolves and Bucks (in two separate stints). In the 1996-97 season, Johnson led the league in total defensive rebounds, with 682. Ervin Johnson Ervin Johnson (born December 21, 1967) is an American retired professional basketball center who played in the National Basketball Association from 1993", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3552468", "score": "0.90961355", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ray Allen", "text": "impressive 25 points, to go along with 12 rebounds, in a blowout victory for Hillcrest Wildcats. Amid the resulting attention from colleges, especially from the University of Kentucky, Allen ultimately accepted an offer from the University of Connecticut. Allen attended the University of Connecticut from 1993 to 1996 after being recruited by assistant coach Karl Hobbs. While at UConn, he was named USA Basketball's Male Athlete of the Year in 1995. In 1995–96, his final college season, Allen was a first-team All-American and won the Big East Player of the Year award. Allen finished his UConn career third on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3552903", "score": "0.9086801", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Chad Gallagher", "text": "the start of the 1995–96 NBA season. While playing at Creighton, he was the 1991 Missouri Valley Conference Player of the Year. Chad Gallagher Chad Austin Gallagher (born May 30, 1969) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and other leagues. A 6'10\" center played collegiately at Creighton University from 1987 to 1991, and was selected with the fifth pick in the 2nd round of the 1991 NBA draft by the Phoenix Suns. Gallagher's NBA career consisted of 2 games for the Utah Jazz in February, 1994, playing 3 total minutes and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9967208", "score": "0.908334", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "1994–95 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team", "text": "21-point performance against Morgan State in the second game of the season, and he averaged 7.2 points and 5.7 rebounds a game for the year. Freshman forward Boubacar Aw, meanwhile, played in 30 games, all in a reserve role. He played particularly well against Connecticut late in the year, averaging 15.5 points and five rebounds per game in the final regular-season game against the Huskies and 1995 Big East Tournament semifinal game combined. In the Big East Tournament, Georgetown had a bye in the first round and defeated Miami in the quarterfinals behind a 31-point performance by Iverson, who outscored", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17691618", "score": "0.9049982", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kendrick Warren", "text": "second in career rebounds with 1,049 (the record belongs to Lorenza Watson with 1,143). In 2005 VCU retired his jersey number, 23. Warren became automatically eligible for the 1994 NBA Draft after his senior year, but he was not selected by any of the NBA teams. He was drafted 3rd overall in the 1994 CBA Draft by the Rockford Lightning and played his first season as a pro in the Continental Basketball Association. Warren played all 56 games of the 1994–95 season, was named the CBA Rookie of the Year and was an All-Star selection. He averaged 18.1 points and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20758312", "score": "0.8991741", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Greg Brown (basketball)", "text": "Greg Brown (basketball) Greg Brown is an American former basketball player and current high school coach. He is known for his standout college career at the University of New Mexico, where he was Western Athletic Conference (WAC) Player of the Year in 1994 and won the Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award as the nation's best player under six feet tall. Brown, a 5'7\" point guard from Albuquerque High School, played collegiately at New Mexico Junior College from 1990 to 1992. He moved to his hometown University of New Mexico to play for coach Dave Bliss from 1992 to 1994. Brown led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16678366", "score": "0.8989042", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Maurice Taylor", "text": "the national scene during the 1994 Maui Invitational with fellow freshman Maceo Baston. He won Big Ten Freshman of the Year for the 1994–1995 season, averaging 12.4 points and 5.1 rebounds and playing in the NCAA Tournament. As a sophomore, he averaged 14 points and 7 rebounds and was picked 2nd Team All-Big Ten. Off the court that year, Taylor was involved in a traffic accident while out with potential recruit Mateen Cleaves that left teammate Robert Traylor with a broken arm and that led to the University of Michigan basketball scandal. After considering entering the NBA draft, Taylor returned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5439159", "score": "0.8976519", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "1994–95 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team", "text": "East Tournament !colspan=12 style=\"\"|NCAA Tournament 1994–95 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team The 1994–95 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut (UConn) during the 1994–95 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Huskies, led by Hall of Fame head coach Geno Auriemma, in his 10th season at UConn, played their home games at Harry A. Gampel Pavilion and the Hartford Civic Center and were members of the Big East Conference. UConn defeated Tennessee to win their first national championship and complete their first undefeated season. Listed are the student athletes who were members of the 1994–95 team. !colspan=12", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20224495", "score": "0.8970609", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tony Delk", "text": "Mr.Basketball 1992) and also to the \"Parade\" and McDonald's All-American Teams. As a sophomore at Kentucky, Delk was voted All-SEC 2nd Team by the coaches and All-SEC 3rd Team by the Associated Press, while also making the All-SEC Tournament Team for his outstanding play. Delk was named to the All-SEC 1st and All-NCAA Regional teams during the 1994-95 season. In the 1995-96 season, Delk was named to the All-American and All-SEC first teams and was named NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player. He also received SEC Player of the Year honors during the season. Delk joined Omega Psi Phi Fraternity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3468273", "score": "0.89607364", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Juwan Howard", "text": "the finals of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship in 1992 and 1993. Howard won his first NBA championship with Miami in the 2012 NBA Finals and his second NBA championship in the 2013 NBA Finals. Howard was an All-American center and an honors student at Chicago Vocational Career Academy. Michigan was able to sign him early over numerous competing offers and then convince others in his recruiting class to join him. The Fab Five, which included Chris Webber, Jalen Rose, Jimmy King and Ray Jackson, served as regular starters during their freshman and sophomore years for the 1991–92", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3362061", "score": "0.89588094", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Dan Cross", "text": "Continental Basketball Association (CBA), Espoon Honka of Finland's Korisliiga, and Hapoel Tel Aviv in Israel. Cross now runs annual basketball camps in Carbondale, Gainesville and Orlando, as well as managing an organization called \"Athlete Connections\" that counsels former college athletes on transitioning from college to life after sports. Dan Cross Daniel Curtis Cross, Jr. (born August 16, 1973) is an American former basketball player. Cross played college basketball for the Florida Gators men's basketball team of the University of Florida, where he was key member of the Gators' run to the 1994 NCAA Final Four. After college, Cross played professionally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18219411", "score": "0.8928259", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Greg Brown (basketball)", "text": "at the AAU level in Albuquerque. Greg Brown (basketball) Greg Brown is an American former basketball player and current high school coach. He is known for his standout college career at the University of New Mexico, where he was Western Athletic Conference (WAC) Player of the Year in 1994 and won the Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award as the nation's best player under six feet tall. Brown, a 5'7\" point guard from Albuquerque High School, played collegiately at New Mexico Junior College from 1990 to 1992. He moved to his hometown University of New Mexico to play for coach Dave Bliss", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16678368", "score": "0.89161384", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "1994–95 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team", "text": "awarded a No. 6 seed in the Southeast Region of the 1995 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament – Georgetowns 16th NCAA Tournament appearance in 17 years – and advanced to the Southeast Region Semifinals before losing to regions No. 2 seed, North Carolina. They were ranked No. 22 in the seasons final Associated Press Poll and No 16 in the postseason Coaches' Poll. Georgetowns transition from relying on feeding the ball to a \"big man\" at center to playing an uptempo offense focused on play by the guards continued this year. Senior George Butler had transferred to Georgetown from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17691607", "score": "0.88940346", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Joseph Blair", "text": "Wildcats of the Pacific-10 Conference in the NCAA Division I. He averaged 10.4 points and 6.5 rebounds per game during his collegiate career, and he was a member of Arizona's two regular season Pac-10 championships, in 1993 and 1994. He was a starter on the Arizona squad that advanced to the 1994 NCAA Final Four. As of the 2014–15 season, he held the Arizona program's record for highest career field goal percentage (61.3%), and also ranked eighth on the school's all-time shot blocking records list, with 101 blocks. Though he was drafted 35th overall in the 1996 NBA Draft, by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11758324", "score": "0.8869597", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Derrick Phelps", "text": "the Tar Heels. He was named as an All-Atlantic Coast Conference Honorable Mention in 1993, and was named to the 2nd Team in 1994. Phelps was a member of North Carolina's 1993 NCAA National Championship team, as the Tar Heels defeated Michigan, by a score of 77-71, in the title game. Graduating in 1994, Phelps left college holding two Tar Heel records: most steals in one game (9), and most steals in a career (247). He was also the only player in ACC history with 600 assists, 400 rebounds, and 200 steals. Phelps was not drafted by an NBA team.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8289532", "score": "0.88674676", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Raef LaFrentz", "text": "McDonald's All-American. During the summer before his freshman year at the University of Kansas, LaFrentz was selected to the 1994 U.S. Olympic Festival North Team and averaged 11.8 ppg. and 6.8 rpg. LaFrentz played basketball at the University of Kansas, finishing in 1998. He played with Paul Pierce while at Kansas. He was a four-year starter and an All-American in his junior and senior seasons. He joined Tim Duncan and Shaquille O'Neal as the only players in the 1990s to earn first team AP All-America honors twice. Compiling career averages of 15.8 ppg. and 9.1 rpg., while shooting 55.5 percent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4749055", "score": "0.8858652", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "1995–96 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "1995–96 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team The 1995–96 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1995–96 college basketball season. Coached by Rick Pitino, the team finished the season with a 34–2 record and won the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship over the Syracuse University Orangemen, 76–67. Also known as \"The Untouchables\", nine players from the 95–96 team eventually played in the NBA. These players were Derek Anderson, Tony Delk, Walter McCarty, Ron Mercer, Nazr Mohammed, Mark Pope, Jeff Sheppard, Wayne Turner, and Antoine Walker. The 1995-96 Kentucky team is widely regarded as one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11368795", "score": "0.88536406", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Dan Cross", "text": "the Connecticut Huskies (69–60, OT), and the Boston College Eagles (74–68), before falling to the Duke Blue Devils 70–65 in the hard-fought NCAA national semifinal game. Cross had a 27-point scoring performance while leading the Gators' 81–70 victory over the No. 21 Wake Forest Demon Deacons at the outset of the 1994–95 season. He was the Gators' leading scorer in 1993–94 (15.7 points per game) and again in 1994–95 (18.0 points per game), and led the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in free throw completion percentage in 1995 (.843, 150–178). He was a two-time first-team All-SEC selection (1994, 1995), received Associated Press", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18219409", "score": "0.88517773", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Sydney Johnson", "text": "December 27, 1994, he hit what \"The New York Times\" described as \"a falling-down 3-point basket with three seconds left in regulation\". The basket forced overtime. At the end of the third overtime period Johnson converted two foul shots with three seconds left to cement a 71–66 victory over . Later that season, he set a career-high with a 25-point performance against in a double-overtime victory. He recorded seven steals in a game against on February 3, 1995, which is one shy of the school record. Again the Tigers could not get past . As a junior, he was named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10152496", "score": "0.8835602", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Greg Ostertag", "text": "the University of Kansas. Standing 7-foot-2 and weighing 280 pounds, Ostertag provided a strong presence in the paint, helping the Jayhawks reach the NCAA Final Four in 1993. Statistically, his best season was his junior year (1993–94), when he averaged 10.3 points and 8.8 rebounds per game. Most impressive, he set a school record by blocking 97 shots that year. He graduated in 1995 with career totals of 968 points and 770 rebounds, along with 258 blocked shots – the highest total in the history of Kansas and the Big 8 Conference at that time (since surpassed by Jeff Withey).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5050255", "score": "0.8834497", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

[ "Jean Fernel" ]

[ { "title": "Physiology", "text": "application of physiology. Nineteenth century physiologists such as Michael Foster, Max Verworn, and Alfred Binet, based on Haeckel's ideas, elaborated what came to be called \"general physiology\", a unified science of life based on the cell actions, later renamed in the 20th century as cell biology. In the 20th century, biologists became interested in how organisms other than human beings function, eventually spawning the fields of comparative physiology and ecophysiology. Major figures in these fields include Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew. Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline. In 1920, August Krogh won the Nobel Prize for discovering", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318161", "score": "1.1858555", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "able to freely exchange genes through conjugation, transformation and transduction, even between widely divergent species. The study of human physiology as a medical field originates in classical Greece, at the time of Hippocrates (late 5th century BC). Outside of Western tradition, early forms of physiology or anatomy can be reconstructed as having been present at around the same time in China, India and elsewhere. Hippocrates incorporated his belief system called the theory of humours, which consisted of four basic substance: earth, water, air and fire. Each substance is known for having a corresponding humour: black bile, phlegm, blood and yellow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318153", "score": "1.1808546", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "John Hughes Bennett", "text": "(1853); \"Textbook of Physiology\" (1871–1872). Because Bennett introduced practical classes in the teaching of physiology, he is considered the father of physiological education in medical schools. He was also the first to teach the clinical use of the microscope systematically and its uses in the teaching of pathology and physiology. He opposed bloodletting and was highly influential in changing medical therapeutics towards a more science-based approach in the second half of the 19th century. He supported the admission of women to medical schools and advocated a better interaction between medical specialities. In 1901, the University of Edinburgh inaugurated the \"John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4407431", "score": "1.1730525", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Human body", "text": "writing the influential book \"De humani corporis fabrica\". Anatomy advanced further with the invention of the microscope and the study of the cellular structure of tissues and organs. Modern anatomy uses techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, fluoroscopy and ultrasound imaging to study the body in unprecedented detail. The study of human physiology began with Hippocrates in Ancient Greece, around 420 BC, and with Aristotle (384–322 BC) who applied critical thinking and emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Galen (c. 126–199) was the first to use experiments to probe the body's functions. The term physiology was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648896", "score": "1.147738", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Pathophysiology", "text": "Ancient Greek πάθος (\"pathos\") and φυσιολογία (\"phusiologia\"). In Germany in the 1830s, Johannes Müller led the establishment of physiology research autonomous from medical research. In 1843, the Berlin Physical Society was founded in part to purge biology and medicine of vitalism, and in 1847 Hermann von Helmholtz, who joined the Society in 1845, published the paper \"On the conservation of energy\", highly influential to reduce physiology's research foundation to physical sciences. In the late 1850s, German anatomical pathologist Rudolf Virchow, a former student of Müller, directed focus to the cell, establishing cytology as the focus of physiological research, while Julius", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2980700", "score": "1.1450033", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Thomas Mills", "text": "him to an international network of biomedical researchers. Mills traveled to London where he worked with John Scott Burdon-Sanderson and Edward Albert Schafer, Baltimore where he worked with H. Newell Martin at Johns Hopkins University, Strasbourg with Felix Hoppe-Seyler and Friedrich Goltz, and Berlin with Hugo Kronecker. Mills began teaching physiology at McGill in 1884, eventually becoming the first Joseph Morley Drake Chair professor of physiology in 1891. He founded the Society for the Study of Comparative Physiology in 1885, was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 1890, and became president of the Natural History Society of Montreal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11513645", "score": "1.141062", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "Physiology Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms which work within a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, the focus of physiology is in how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions that exist in a living system. Central to an understanding of physiological functioning is the investigation of the fundamental biophysical and biochemical phenomena, the coordinated homeostatic control mechanisms, and the continuous communication between cells. The physiologic state is the condition occurring from normal body function, while the pathological state is centered on the abnormalities that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318147", "score": "1.1328813", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "how, in capillaries, blood flow is regulated. In 1954, Andrew Huxley and Hugh Huxley, alongside their research team, discovered the sliding filaments in skeletal muscle, known today as the sliding filament theory. Recently, there have been intense debates about the vitality of physiology as a discipline (Is it dead or alive?). If physiology is perhaps less visible nowadays than during the golden age of the 19th century, it is in large part because the field has given birth to some of the most active domains of today's biological sciences, such as neuroscience, endocrinology, and immunology. Furthermore, physiology is still often", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318162", "score": "1.1325349", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "William Senhouse Kirkes", "text": "of Physicians of London, and delivered the Gulstonian lectures there in 1856. Sir James Paget was then warden of the college of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and in 1848 he and Kirkes published a \"Handbook of Physiology,\" which soon became popular among students of medicine. A second edition appeared in 1851, and further editions by Kirkes alone in 1856, 1860, and 1863. In 1867, 1869, 1872, and 1876 further editions by William Morrant Baker appeared. Vincent Dormer Harris was next joined with Baker in several editions, and then edited the book himself, with the assistance of Mr. D'Arcy Power. John Murray,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12851680", "score": "1.1282887", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "Jean Fernel (1497–1558), a French physician, introduced the term \"physiology\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Theodor Schwann", "text": "translated into English as \"Elements of Physiology\" in 1837–1843 and became the leading physiology textbook of the 1800s. In 1831, Schwann moved to the University of Würzburg for clinical training in medicine. In 1833, he went to the University of Berlin, where Müller was now Professor of Anatomy and Physiology. Schwann graduated with an M.D. degree in medicine from the University of Berlin in 1834. He did his thesis work in 1833-1834, with Müller as his advisor. Schwann's thesis involved a careful study of the necessity for oxygen during the embryonic development of the chicken. To carry it out, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3848821", "score": "1.1156945", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Gerald Francis Yeo", "text": "abroad for three years, a year each in Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, he proceeded M.D. at Dublin in 1871, and became next year M.R.C.P. and M.R.C.S. Ireland. For two years Yeo taught physiology in the Carmichael school of medicine in Dublin. He was appointed professor of physiology in King's College London, in 1875, and in 1877 assistant surgeon to King's College Hospital, becoming F.R.C.S.England in 1878. He delivered for the College of Surgeons the Arris and Gale lectures on anatomy and physiology in 1880–2. With Hugo Kronecker, Yeo inaugurated the triennial international physiological congresses; the first met at Basle in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17601043", "score": "1.1085193", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Johannes Peter Müller", "text": "marked the beginning of a new period in the study of physiology. In it, for the first time, the results of human and comparative anatomy, as well as of chemistry and other departments of physical science, and tools like the microscope, were brought to bear on the investigation of physiological problems. The most important portion of the work was that dealing with nervous action and the mechanism of the senses. Here he stated the principle, previously recognized but not stated as clearly, that the kind of sensation following stimulation of a sensory nerve does not depend on the mode of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2355453", "score": "1.1076066", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "seen as an integrative discipline, which can put together into a coherent framework data coming from various different domains. Initially, women were largely excluded from official involvement in any physiological society. The American Physiological Society, for example, was founded in 1887 and included only men in its ranks. In 1902, the American Physiological Society elected Ida Hyde as the first female member of the society. Hyde, a representative of the American Association of University Women and a global advocate for gender equality in education, attempted to promote gender equality in every aspect of science and medicine. Soon thereafter, in 1913,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318163", "score": "1.1059157", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Sports science", "text": "forming all around the world. Importantly these new scholars went beyond the simplistic notions of the early Greek physicians, and shed light upon the complexities of the circulatory, and digestive systems. Furthermore, by the middle of the 19th century early medical schools (such as the Harvard Medical School, formed 1782) began appearing in the United States, whose graduates went on to assume positions of importance in academia and allied medical research. Medical journal publications increased significantly in number during this period. In 1898, three articles on physical activity appeared in the first volume of the \" American Journal of Physiology\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3996205", "score": "1.0952705", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Robert James Graves", "text": "contemporary William Stokes as \"Studies in Physiology and Medicine\", London, 1863. With William Stokes. Dublin, 1827, Dublin, 1828. First published 1835 in the \"London Medical and Surgical Journal\" and \"London Medical Gazette\". The series for two sessions were first collected and published together in Philadelphia, 1838, as: Clinical lectures delivered during the sessions of 1834-5 and 1836-7. London Medical and Surgical Journal, 1835; VII: 516-517. Dublin, Fannin & Co., 1843. 3rd American edition with notes etc. by William Gerhard (1809–1872), Philadelphia, 1848. German translation by Heiman Bressler (1805–1873): Klinische Erfahrungen aus dem Englischen von Robert Graves übersetzt. Leipzig, 1843. 2nd", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12561983", "score": "1.0922697", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Andreas Röschlaub", "text": "German medicine to consider that \"pathology, nosology and clinical practice could be linked to physiology\" which seemed the way to establish a solid foundation for medicine in natural science. Medicine, for Röschlaub, becomes a science only when a true scientific physiology exists. \"Only then will medicine be possible as a true 'art' when organismic physiology becomes a truly perfected science.\" (1801) This meant that physiology had to take into account a life principle (Lebensprinzip) that organized matter, but was not dependent on matter. While Röschlaub worked with Johann Christian Reil's general conception of physiology, which accepted that physiology was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12903996", "score": "1.0902349", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Anna Kingsford", "text": "husband, the two began to collaborate, Maitland accompanying her to Paris when she decided to study medicine. Paris was at that time the center of a revolution in the study of physiology, much of it as a result of experiments on animals, particularly dogs, and mostly conducted without anaesthetic. Claude Bernard (1813–1878), described as the \"father of physiology\", was working there, and famously said that \"the physiologist is not an ordinary man: he is a scientist, possessed and absorbed by the scientific idea he pursues. He does not hear the cries of the animals, he does not see their flowing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3932112", "score": "1.0885692", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "William Townsend Porter", "text": "for further study with Walther Flemming, Martin Heidenhain, and Karl Hürthle. This exposure to the German style of practical, experimental work in the then-emerging field of physiology would shape his future career as an educator. On returning to the United States, Porter became a resident physician at the St. Louis Medical College. In 1887 he became a professor at the school and began teaching physiology, and is believed to have established the first physiology laboratory west of the Mississippi River. He published several papers on physiology while at St. Louis and was elected to the American Physiological Society at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19932404", "score": "1.0866647", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ernest Starling", "text": "the introduction of the word hormone. 3. The analysis of the heart's activity as a pump, which is known as the Frank–Starling law. 4. Several fundamental observations on the action of the kidneys. These include evidence for the existence of Vasopressin, the anti-diuretic hormone. He also wrote the leading textbook of physiology in English, which ran through 20 editions. Ernest Starling became a medical student at Guy's Hospital, London, in 1882 (when he was 16). He had a brilliant career there and set his sights on becoming a Harley Street physician. But the science behind medicine physiology attracted him much", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2825487", "score": "1.0863315", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "J.S. Haldane proposed that women be allowed to formally join The Physiological Society, which had been founded in 1876. On 3 July 1915, six women were officially admitted: Florence Buchanan, Winifred Cullis, Ruth C. Skelton, Sarah C. M. Sowton, Constance Leetham Terry, and Enid M. Tribe. The centenary of the election of women was celebrated in 2015 with the publication of the book \"Women Physiologists: Centenary Celebrations And Beyond For The Physiological Society.\" () Prominent women physiologists include: There are many ways to categorize the subdiscplines of physiology: Human physiology Animal physiology Plant physiology Fungal physiology Protistan physiology Algal physiology", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318164", "score": "1.0834775", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "the 1838 appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. It radically stated that organisms are made up of units called cells. Claude Bernard's (1813–1878) further discoveries ultimately led to his concept of \"milieu interieur\" (internal environment), which would later be taken up and championed as \"homeostasis\" by American physiologist Walter B. Cannon in 1929. By homeostasis, Cannon meant \"the maintenance of steady states in the body and the physiological processes through which they are regulated.\" In other words, the body's ability to regulate its internal environment. William Beaumont was the first American to utilize the practical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318160", "score": "1.0828089", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "History of biochemistry", "text": "von Liebig from 1842, \"Animal chemistry, or, Organic chemistry in its applications to physiology and pathology\", which presented a chemical theory of metabolism, or even earlier to the 18th century studies on fermentation and respiration by Antoine Lavoisier. The term “biochemistry” itself is derived from the combining form \"bio-\", meaning \"life\", and \"chemistry\". The word is first recorded in English in 1848, while in 1877, Felix Hoppe-Seyler used the term (\"Biochemie\" in German) in the foreword to the first issue of \"Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie\" (Journal of Physiological Chemistry) as a synonym for physiological chemistry and argued for the setting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9950279", "score": "1.0800714", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ancient Greek medicine", "text": "1,300 years. His anatomical reports, based mainly on dissection of monkeys, especially the Barbary macaque, and pigs, remained uncontested until 1543, when printed descriptions and illustrations of human dissections were published in the seminal work \"De humani corporis fabrica\" by Andreas Vesalius where Galen's physiological theory was accommodated to these new observations. Galen's theory of the physiology of the circulatory system endured until 1628, when William Harvey published his treatise entitled \"De motu cordis\", in which he established that blood circulates, with the heart acting as a pump. Medical students continued to study Galen's writings until well into the 19th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7638280", "score": "1.0784581", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Clinical physiology", "text": "scientist or in Ophthalmic and Vision Science as an Ophthalmic Science Practitioner (UK). These professionals also aid in the diagnosis of disease and manage patients, with an emphasis on understanding physiological and pathophysiological pathways. Disciplines within clinical physiology field include audiologists, cardiac physiologists, gastro-intestinal physiologists, neurophysiologists, respiratory physiologists, and sleep physiologists. Clinical physiology was first established in 1954 by the Swedish government with the intention of ensuring \"contact between routine clinical work and the scientific progression.\" Clinical physiology was originally its own discipline, however, between 2008-2015, clinical physiology was categorized as a sub-discipline to radiology. For this reason, those pursuing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17510054", "score": "1.0778301", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Theodor Schwann", "text": "\"Microscopical researches\", Schwann introduced the term \"metabolism\", which he first used in the German adjectival form \"metabolische\" to describe the chemical action of cells. French texts in the 1860s began to use \"le métabolisme\". \"Metabolism\" was introduced into English by Michael Foster in his \"Textbook of Physiology\" in 1878. Theodor Schwann Theodor Schwann (; 7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German physician and physiologist. His most significant contribution to biology is considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals. Other contributions include the discovery of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, the discovery and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3848844", "score": "1.0760963", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Physiology", "text": "Bacterial physiology Physiology Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms which work within a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, the focus of physiology is in how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions that exist in a living system. Central to an understanding of physiological functioning is the investigation of the fundamental biophysical and biochemical phenomena, the coordinated homeostatic control mechanisms, and the continuous communication between cells. The physiologic state is the condition occurring from normal body function, while the pathological state is centered on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318165", "score": "1.075753", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "History of zoology since 1859", "text": "Pasteur, while debates over vitalism vs. mechanism (a perennial issue since the time of Aristotle and the Greek atomists) continued apace. Over the course of the 19th century, the scope of physiology expanded greatly, from a primarily medically oriented field to a wide-ranging investigation of the physical and chemical processes of life—including plants, animals, and even microorganisms in addition to man. \"Living things as machines\" became a dominant metaphor in biological (and social) thinking. Physiologists such as Claude Bernard explored (through vivisection and other experimental methods) the chemical and physical functions of living bodies to an unprecedented degree, laying the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15229869", "score": "1.0755237", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Sports science", "text": "how the human body reacts to exercise, training, different environments and many other stimuli. Sports science can trace its origins to ancient Greece. The noted ancient Greek physician Galen (131–201) wrote 87 detailed essays about improving health (proper nutrition), aerobic fitness, and strengthening muscles. New ideas upon the working and functioning of the human body emerged during the renaissance as anatomists and physicians challenged the previously known theories. These spread with the implementation of the printed word, the result of Gutenberg's printing press in the 15th century. Allied with this was a large increase in academia in general, universities were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3996204", "score": "1.0749485", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Grace Medes", "text": "zoology until 1919 and then as an assistant professor of physiology until 1922. She was the first female faculty member with a PhD in the Physiology department at Vassar. Medes moved to Wellesley College in 1922, where she served as associate professor of physiology until 1924. In 1924 she went to University of Minnesota Medical School where she served as a fellow for her first year and then an assistant professor until 1932. In her time at Minnesota, Medes discovered the human metabolic disorder she named \"tyrosinosis\" in 1932. Although her patient was atypical and the mechanism she identified has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19138454", "score": "1.073847", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

[ "Executive Chef Danny Veltri", "Danny Veltri" ]

[ { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 8)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 8) The eighth season of \"Hell's Kitchen\", an American reality competition television series starring Gordon Ramsay, premiered on the Fox Network on September 22, 2010, and continued until December 15, 2010. Sous Chef Nona Sivley won the competition, earning a position at the L.A. Market restaurant at the JW Marriott Hotel at L.A. Live in Los Angeles, as well as an opportunity to be a spokesperson for Rosemount Estate Wines. Sabrina Brimhall holds the record for the worst nomination record of any black jacket chef on the show. Being nominated every time she was eligible for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14848907", "score": "1.2405664", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 7)", "text": "reward, a service and an elimination. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 7) Season 7 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" aired on the Fox Network from June 1, 2010 to August 10, 2010. Gordon Ramsay returned as host, as well as Maître d' Jean-Philippe Susilovic and Blue Team Sous chef Scott Leibfried. Andi Van Willigan, a chef from Santa Monica, California became the sous chef for the Red Team. Banquet chef Holli Ugalde won the season, she was promised to be the position at Chef Ramsay's newly renovated restaurant at the Savoy Hotel in London. Filming had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14564295", "score": "1.2196411", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Chopped (TV series)", "text": "runner up on season 9 of \"Hell's Kitchen\". Roshni Mansukhani, the winner of the fourth episode of the second season, was eliminated in the eighth episode of the tenth season of \"Hell's Kitchen\". Jackie Baldassari, who was eliminated after the entrée in the tenth episode of the ninth season of Chopped, was eliminated in the ninth episode of the eleventh season of \"Hell's Kitchen\". Anthony \"Anton\" Testino, who was eliminated after the appetizer in the tenth episode of the fifth season, was eliminated in the fourteenth episode of the twelfth season of \"Hell's Kitchen\". Robyn Almodovar, the winner of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12937541", "score": "1.2157009", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 1)", "text": "sent home by Gordon Ramsay. Each episode consisted of a challenge with a reward, a service, and an elimination. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 1) This article contains contestant information and episode summaries from Season 1 of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen. Season 1 aired starting on May 30, 2005 and concluded on August 1, 2005. Michael Wray from Fort Collins, Colorado, won the first season of \"Hell's Kitchen\", thus winning his own restaurant in Los Angeles named Tatou (he was offered to go to London to work under Gordon Ramsay, but later declined due to family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9566326", "score": "1.2133249", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 1)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 1) This article contains contestant information and episode summaries from Season 1 of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen. Season 1 aired starting on May 30, 2005 and concluded on August 1, 2005. Michael Wray from Fort Collins, Colorado, won the first season of \"Hell's Kitchen\", thus winning his own restaurant in Los Angeles named Tatou (he was offered to go to London to work under Gordon Ramsay, but later declined due to family reasons). This was the first season where the teams were not separated by gender at the start, which wouldn't happen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9566324", "score": "1.201997", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 12)", "text": "was retained from the previous season, after Ja'Nel Witt failed her drug test. Scott was nominated seven times for elimination, breaking Christina Machamer's record (season 4) of five nominations, and became the Hell's Kitchen winner with the most nominations. The intro is stylized as a neo-noir comic book with the chefs each trying to claim hold of \"The Knife Case of Destiny.\" Twenty chefs competed in season 12. Jason Zepaltas previously competed in season 9 but left before the first dinner service after falling ill during prep. He is the second chef to have competed in two seasons, after Robert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17911381", "score": "1.2014246", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Christina Machamer", "text": "reward (dinner with Ramsay). She gave the women several tips about working under pressure in \"Hell's Kitchen\". Christina Machamer Christina Machamer (born March 13, 1982) is an American chef who won the fourth season of Fox Network's reality cooking show \"Hell's Kitchen\". She was awarded the position of \"senior sous chef\" (not the executive chef position as promised) at Gordon Ramsay's new London West Hollywood restaurant where she earned a $250,000 yearly salary. Machamer, the daughter of Rick and Leasa Machamer, was born and raised in St. Louis, and began working in restaurants at age 16. She graduated from Lafayette", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12216602", "score": "1.1968884", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)", "text": "for Favourite International Personality or Actor. At the 2011 People's Choice Awards, \"Hell's Kitchen\" was nominated for Favorite Reality Show and Gordon Ramsay was nominated for Favorite TV Chef. At the 2014 Reality TV Awards ceremony, \"Hell's Kitchen\" won an award for best new cast. In 2015, \"Hell's Kitchen\" won awards for best overall show and guilty pleasure at the 2015 Reality TV Awards. Visual Entertainment has not released the first fourteen seasons of \"Hell's Kitchen\" in Region 1. Season 14 was released on March 15, 2016, and to the Blu-ray format for the first time. In Region 4, Shock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12242710", "score": "1.1938314", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 2)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 2) Season 2 of \"Hell's Kitchen\" was cast during November 2005, premiered on June 12, 2006 and concluded on August 14, 2006. This was the first season of \"Hell's Kitchen\" to start a number of contestants divided to two teams by gender, which would become a tradition in subsequent seasons. Sous chef Heather West won the season. Her prize was the position of executive chef at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Las Vegas with a salary of $250,000, where she worked as chef at the Terra Rossa Restaurant. Runner-up Virginia Dalbeck had the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9566371", "score": "1.1916448", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 5)", "text": "Executive Chef Danny Veltri won the series and was awarded a sous chef position under Stephen Kalt at Italian restaurant Fornelletto at the Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Danny also received $250,000 in prize money from the show.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 13)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 13) Season 13 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" premiered on September 10, 2014 on Fox. The prize was a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay's Pub & Grill at Caesars Atlantic City. Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef and Andi van Willigan and James Avery returned as sous chefs. However, Jean-Philippe Susilovic did not return as maitre d' and was replaced by Marino Monferrato. It also marks the first time since 2010 that two seasons of \"Hell's Kitchen\" aired in the same year. Kitchen Supervisor La Tasha McCutchen from Winter Haven, Florida", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18220066", "score": "1.1914189", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 10)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 10) Season 10 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" premiered on June 4, 2012 on Fox and concluded on September 10, 2012. Chef de Cuisine Christina Wilson won the season and received a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay Steak at the Paris Las Vegas in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada. Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef, Scott Leibfried and Andi van Willigan returned as sous chefs and James Lukanik returned as the maître d'. This season saw an alteration to the show's format, with many episodes now being two-parters, depicting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16424454", "score": "1.1870213", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)", "text": "as a cash prize of $250,000. In a similar manner to the voiceover at each elimination, Ramsay has a voiceover to explain his reasons for choosing that chef as the winner. Gordon Ramsay is the head chef. Jason Thompson is the narrator. Jean-Philippe Susilovic, a Belgian maître d'hôtel, comes from Petrus, one of Ramsay's London restaurants and appeared in the first seven seasons and later returned for Season 11. He left after Season 12 and was replaced by Marino Monferrato for Season 13. Susilovic was also the maître d'hôtel for the first series of the original British version. James Lukanik", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12242702", "score": "1.1869459", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 7)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 7) Season 7 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" aired on the Fox Network from June 1, 2010 to August 10, 2010. Gordon Ramsay returned as host, as well as Maître d' Jean-Philippe Susilovic and Blue Team Sous chef Scott Leibfried. Andi Van Willigan, a chef from Santa Monica, California became the sous chef for the Red Team. Banquet chef Holli Ugalde won the season, she was promised to be the position at Chef Ramsay's newly renovated restaurant at the Savoy Hotel in London. Filming had concluded on February 2009, 16 months prior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14564293", "score": "1.1842831", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 11)", "text": "challenges or vice versa). This was also the second season to feature two female finalists (the first being season 2's Virginia Dalbeck and Heather West). Executive chef Ja'Nel Witt won the competition and received a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay Pub & Grill in Caesars Palace at Las Vegas. However, on August 23, 2013, it was announced that Witt was denied the position at the restaurant after testing positive for cocaine, though she retained her salary and her title as the winner of season 11. Jon Scallion, who finished third and was deemed by Ramsay as the only great", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16699678", "score": "1.183868", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (UK TV series)", "text": "the show runner-up, James Dreyfus, team up to organise a healthy dinner service for the children at Ramsay's former school, Stratford Upon Avon High School. The celebrities who took part were: Series 2 of \"Hell's Kitchen\" in the UK was broadcast from 18 April – 2 May 2005. The format was overhauled as the show was turned into a competition between two kitchens run by \"celebrity chefs\" Gary Rhodes and Jean-Christophe Novelli. The second series featured ten members of the public competing for a prize of £250,000, with which the winner could start his or her own restaurant. They were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8145051", "score": "1.182559", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 4)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 4) Season 4 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" began airing on the Fox Network starting on April 1, 2008. The show was originally planned to air later in the season, but instead was aired as a replacement for shows that were affected by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. Culinary student Christina Machamer won the season and was awarded a \"senior sous chef\" position with a $250,000 salary at Gordon Ramsay at the London West Hollywood – not an executive chef as mentioned in show-related publicity and press releases. The London", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11775543", "score": "1.1804515", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 15)", "text": "chef for the blue team. Wilson is the second former \"Hell's Kitchen\" winner to return as one of Ramsay's sous chefs, the first being season 2 winner, Heather West, who was the red kitchen's sous chef for season 6. Jason Thompson also returned as narrator for the first time since season 12. Season 15's opening sequence features the chefs at a base camp. Ramsay is then shown placing the HK flag on top of the mountain. For the first time in \"Hell's Kitchen\" history, the opening sequence did not play after the recap of the previous episode, but after the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19196410", "score": "1.1802399", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 14)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 14) Season 14 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" premiered on March 3, 2015 on Fox. The prize is a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay Pub & Grill in Caesars Atlantic City. Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef with Andi Van Willigan and James Avery returning as sous-chefs for both their respective kitchens as well as Marino Monferrato as the maître d'. Executive chef Meghan Gill from Roanoke, Virginia, won the competition, thus becoming the fourteenth winner of \"Hell's Kitchen\". The intro featured the chefs in a kitchen-themed jungle, which was revealed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18588493", "score": "1.1745162", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series)", "text": "replaced Susilovic for Seasons 8–10. Each team also has the services of one of two sous-chefs. The current sous-chefs are Season 10 winner Christina Wilson and James \"Jocky\" Petrie. Previous sous-chefs were Mary Ann Salcedo, Gloria Felix, Season 2 winner Heather West, Scott Leibfried, James Avery, Aaron Mitrano and Andi Van Willigan. In Season 15, Wilson filled in for Van Willigan-Cutspec who was getting married at the time of filming but returned for one episode when her reception was one of the themed dinner services for that season. Van-Willigan returned in season 16 but was replaced by Wilson again for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12242703", "score": "1.1732589", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 17)", "text": "Ramsay returns as host and head chef, Season 10 winner (and Season 15 sous-chef) Christina Wilson returns as the Red Team's sous-chef replacing Andi Van Willigan-Cutspec, and British \"MasterChef\" judge James \"Jocky\" Petrie makes his \"Hell's Kitchen\" debut as the Blue Team's sous-chef replacing Aaron Mitrano. Marino Monferrato returns as the maître d'. Season 14's Michelle Tribble, who previously finished in third place, won the competition. Ramsay uses his telekinesis to destroy Hell's Kitchen while leaving the building as the intro ends with the title card featuring him and the all stars. This is the first season that doesn't list", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19955274", "score": "1.1719053", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 15)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 15) The fifteenth season of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" took place in October 2014 and premiered on January 15, 2016 on Fox. The prize was a head chef position at BLT Steak at Bally's Las Vegas. Country Club Chef Ariel Malone won the competition. Gordon Ramsay and Marino Monferrato returned as head chef and Maître d' respectively. Season 10 winner Christina Wilson was the initial sous chef for the red team while Andi Van Willigan-Cutspec, who got married, returned in episode 7 of this season. Aaron Mitrano replaced James Avery as sous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19196409", "score": "1.169921", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 15)", "text": "14's finale. Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 15) The fifteenth season of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" took place in October 2014 and premiered on January 15, 2016 on Fox. The prize was a head chef position at BLT Steak at Bally's Las Vegas. Country Club Chef Ariel Malone won the competition. Gordon Ramsay and Marino Monferrato returned as head chef and Maître d' respectively. Season 10 winner Christina Wilson was the initial sous chef for the red team while Andi Van Willigan-Cutspec, who got married, returned in episode 7 of this season. Aaron Mitrano replaced James Avery", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19196413", "score": "1.1692238", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 12)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 12) Season 12 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" premiered on March 13, 2014 on Fox. Gordon Ramsay returned as the head chef as well as Andi Van Willigan and James Avery as the red team's and blue team's sous chefs respectively. Jean-Philippe Susilovic also returned as the maître d'. This was the fourth season to feature an all-male final (following seasons 1, 6, and 9). Executive Chef Scott Commings won this season and received a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay Pub & Grill in Caesars Palace in Las Vegas; the prize", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17911380", "score": "1.1668758", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 16)", "text": "motion sequence features the chefs causing many accidents in the kitchen, while Ramsay says a bunch of orders. Eighteen chefs compete in season 16. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 16) The sixteenth season of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" premiered on September 23, 2016 on Fox. Gordon Ramsay returned as host/head chef, Marino Monferrato and Aaron Mitrano returned as maitre d' and blue kitchen sous chef respectively while Andi van Willigan-Cutspec resumed her role as sous chef for the red team after Season 10 winner Christina Wilson filled in for her in the previous season while she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19580120", "score": "1.1658125", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 11)", "text": "chef in the worst team in \"Hell's Kitchen\" history, became sous chef at Gordon Ramsay Steak under season 10 winner Christina Wilson. Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef as well as Andi Van Willigan as the red team's sous chef. Long-time maître d' Jean-Philippe Susilovic returned for the first time since season 7 due to his work commitments at Ramsay's London restaurant, Pétrus. However, previous blue team sous chef Scott Leibfried did not return due to his work obligation at Fleetwood's restaurant in Maui and was replaced by newcomer James Avery from Wall, New Jersey. During episode 7 of this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16699679", "score": "1.1629416", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 6)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 6) Season 6 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" began airing on the Fox Network on July 21, 2009 and concluded on October 13, 2009. Despite suffering a fractured wrist early in the competition, Executive Chef Dave Levey won the season and was awarded a position under James Walt at the Araxi Restaurant in Whistler, British Columbia, the first time the prize was a position at a Canadian restaurant. The first half of each episode consists of a team challenge, in which the winning side gets a reward of some sort of leisure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13520657", "score": "1.1619296", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 16)", "text": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 16) The sixteenth season of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" premiered on September 23, 2016 on Fox. Gordon Ramsay returned as host/head chef, Marino Monferrato and Aaron Mitrano returned as maitre d' and blue kitchen sous chef respectively while Andi van Willigan-Cutspec resumed her role as sous chef for the red team after Season 10 winner Christina Wilson filled in for her in the previous season while she got married. This was also the first season since Season 13 to take a hiatus due to Fox's coverage of the 2016 World Series in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19580118", "score": "1.1559138", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 2)", "text": "was asked to nominate two of their teammates for elimination; one of these two was sent home by Ramsay. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 2) Season 2 of \"Hell's Kitchen\" was cast during November 2005, premiered on June 12, 2006 and concluded on August 14, 2006. This was the first season of \"Hell's Kitchen\" to start a number of contestants divided to two teams by gender, which would become a tradition in subsequent seasons. Sous chef Heather West won the season. Her prize was the position of executive chef at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Las Vegas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9566373", "score": "1.1536262", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 13)", "text": "to appear on the Food Network show \"Chopped\", competing in the thirty-seventh-season episode \"A Frog Leg Up.\" Here, he was chopped (eliminated) in the entrée round after serving undercooked gnocchi to the judges. Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 13) Season 13 of the American competitive reality television series \"Hell's Kitchen\" premiered on September 10, 2014 on Fox. The prize was a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay's Pub & Grill at Caesars Atlantic City. Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef and Andi van Willigan and James Avery returned as sous chefs. However, Jean-Philippe Susilovic did not return as maitre d' and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18220068", "score": "1.1523709", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Hook" ]

[ { "title": "White Out (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "he's proven that he's someone who really continues to show up for her. Like Emma, he's made some mistakes in life, some terrible mistakes in life, and has worked very hard to redeem them. I think she relates to the fact that she's also made mistakes in her life and she's worked very hard to redeem them. So they do have that in common. She believes in that part of him the same way she believes in that part of herself. So there is definitely an openness to her when they do finally decide to go on this date. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18307477", "score": "1.0655638", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Manhattan (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "originally know her identity but was informed of it by August Booth; it is revealed that what August showed him was a typewritten statement identifying him as Baelfire. Emma finds their coincidental meeting to be inexplicable, but Neal suggests that it was fate and that something good may have come from their relationship; Emma denies it. When he notices that she still wears the keychain he gave her, she returns it to him and says it's only a reminder not to trust anyone. She tells him she intends to uphold her deal with Gold, but he asks that she lie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17104268", "score": "1.0415976", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Henry Mills (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "to Camelot in order to find Merlin and remove her darkness. However, six weeks later, they return to Storybrooke with missing memories as to how they all failed to get the darkness out of Emma except Henry. Revealed in a flashback, Henry has fallen in love with a girl named Violet; due to needing a tear from the pain of losing a first love to help free Merlin, Emma tearfully manipulates Violet into breaking Henry's heart. Due to Emma's curse, Henry gets another chance with Violet, as neither remembered each other from before. After Emma restored his memory, Henry helps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17439515", "score": "1.0389028", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 1)", "text": "(Jennifer Morrison) is reunited with Henry Mills (Jared S. Gilmore)—the son she gave up for adoption ten years previous—and takes him back to his hometown of Storybrooke, Maine—a place where nothing is what it seems. Henry has in his possession a large book of fairy tales and is convinced that Emma is the daughter of Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Prince Charming (Josh Dallas), who sent her away so she would be protected from a powerful curse enacted by the Evil Queen (Lana Parrilla), a curse in which the queen is the only one with a happy ending. It's because", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16131740", "score": "1.0383332", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 6)", "text": "Gideon, the Black Fairy, Mary Lydgate, and Robert. The show also reintroduced Jafar and Dr. Arthur Lydgate, who previously appeared in \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\". This season also marks the final appearance of Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) as a series regular. Morrison announced she would be departing the series after the sixth-season finale, but if the series receives a seventh season renewal she has agreed to appear in at least one episode. After serving as a series regular for two seasons, Rebecca Mader also announced that season six would be her last on the show as a regular.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19374022", "score": "1.0190347", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Pilot (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "hunter. She is approached by a ten-year-old boy, Henry (Jared S. Gilmore), who identifies himself as her son, whom she had given up for adoption as a teenager. Not wanting a relationship with him, Emma agrees to drive him back to his home in Storybrooke, Maine. Along the way, Henry shows her a large book of fairy tales he has, insisting that all of the stories in it are real. When they arrive in Storybrooke, Henry informs her that everyone in town is in reality a fairy tale character, exiled by the curse and with no memory of their real", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16018007", "score": "1.0153425", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "David Nolan (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "like everybody else. He's human.\" Dallas subsequently began dating his \"Once Upon a Time\" co-star Goodwin in fall 2011. Dallas and Goodwin became engaged in October 2013, and married on April 12, 2014 in California. They have one child, a son, born in May 2014. David Nolan (Once Upon a Time) David Nolan, also known as Prince Charming, is a fictional character in ABC's television series \"Once Upon a Time\". He is portrayed by Josh Dallas, who also happens to be married to series co-star Ginnifer Goodwin, who plays David's wife Snow White/Mary Margaret Blanchard. The leader of the Enchanted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17610138", "score": "1.0137817", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "he runs into Mr. Gold (Robert Carlyle). Graham tells him about the wolf, and Mr. Gold suggests to him that dreams are memories from another life. The following morning, Emma discovers flowers on the table and throws them out, assuming they are from Graham, but Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin) says that they were hers from Dr. Whale (David Anders), with whom she had a one-night stand. Emma is glad to hear that Mary Margaret appears to be getting over David (Josh Dallas). Mary Margaret tells Emma that it is obvious that she has feelings for Graham, but does not acknowledge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16138448", "score": "1.012295", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Manhattan (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Manhattan (Once Upon a Time) \"Manhattan\" is the 14th episode of the second season of the American ABC fantasy/drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\", and the show's 36th episode overall, which aired on February 17, 2013. It was co-written by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz, while being directed by Dean White. In this episode, Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), Henry (Jared S. Gilmore), and Mr. Gold (Robert Carlyle) arrive in Manhattan to find his son Baelfire (Michael Raymond-James), only to have Emma regret the trip after past memories come back to haunt her. Meanwhile, in the Enchanted Forest, a young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17104261", "score": "0.99712586", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Emma Swan", "text": "After Emma and Hook are dragged into Zelena's time portal, she accepts Storybrooke as her home, regaining her magic to re-open the portal to the present where she begins a relationship with Hook. However, unaware to her, she also brings a previously deceased Maid Marian to the future which ruins Regina's happiness, having not heeded the warning of messing with the past. Elsa, who was trapped in an urn, was also brought to Storybrooke by the time portal. While working with Elsa, who helps Emma to finally embrace and control her powers, Emma helps her new friend find her sister and return home while balancing the threat of the Snow Queen against her friends and family. After a period of peace, Emma begins to help Regina on her quest to find the Author of Henry's book. Cruella De Vil and Ursula soon come into town resurrecting Maleficent and working with Rumplestiltskin to find the Author of the magical tome Once Upon a Time. After Cruella De Vil threatens to kill Henry, Emma kills her, soon after learning of her parents' actions of removing Emma's potential for darkness by putting black magic within Maleficent's daughter and Emma's childhood friend Lily. After Emma returns to town, with the encouragement from Hook, she chooses to forgive her parents and let go of her anger. In moments before the finale, Emma is able to finally let her walls down and tells Hook she loves him. Emma then chooses to sacrifice herself for the town of Storybrooke, asking her parents and Hook to save her, she voluntarily plunges the dagger into the Darkness, transforming into the new Dark One.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dreamcatcher (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "When Emma tried using it, the potion didn’t work, as Regina has moved on to Robin. Meanwhile, Henry treats Violet to dinner and a movie at Granny's and she is impressed, but when the subject of dating or courting came up, Violet tells Henry that she wants to just be friends, but explains that it was not because of her father's disapproval of him. This devastated Henry because he is not a hero in this universe. He is consoled by Regina, who then takes Henry's teardrop to Emma and tells Henry he just found a way to save Emma. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18982053", "score": "0.9917275", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Emma Swan", "text": "Emma Swan Emma Swan is a fictional character in ABC's television series \"Once Upon a Time\". She is portrayed by Jennifer Morrison, by Abby Ross as a teenager, and Mckenna Grace as a child. Emma first appeared in the series's pilot as a bail bond agent in Boston, Massachusetts until she meets her biological son Henry, whom she gave up for adoption 10 years before, and learns she is the daughter of Snow White and Prince Charming. Henry urges Emma to go to the fictional town of Storybrooke, Maine, to break a curse enacted by the Evil Queen and to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16516478", "score": "0.9912727", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Pilot (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "out. She is arrested and taken to Storybrooke Jail. When Henry runs away again, Emma makes a deal with the Mayor and Sheriff Graham (Jamie Dornan): if they release her, she will find him. After exhausting all possibilities she speaks with Mary Margaret, who tells Emma to \"Check his castle.\" After finding Henry at a wooden jungle gym (which bears a resemblance to Prince Charming's castle), they talk and Emma decides to stay in Storybrooke temporarily, especially after Regina warns her to leave town. This leads Emma to be suspicious of the mayor's motives. Shortly after her conversation with Emma,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16018009", "score": "0.99073386", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (TV series)", "text": "to wrap up Emma Swan's storyline. Later that week, actress Rebecca Mader announced that she would also be leaving the series after the sixth season wrapped. It was later announced that Ginnifer Goodwin, Josh Dallas, Jared S. Gilmore and Emilie de Ravin would also be leaving the show after the sixth season's finale aired. Along with departures, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were announced to be joining the seventh season of the show as series regulars after guest starring in the previous season's finale. They will portray an older Henry Mills and his daughter Lucy respectively. In July 2017,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7563175", "score": "0.9887594", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 1)", "text": "of the curse that everyone in Storybrooke is frozen in time with no memories of their former selves—except for the Queen, who is Storybrooke's mayor and Henry's adoptive mother, Regina Mills. Emma refuses to believe a word of Henry's \"theory\" and returns Henry home, but then decides to remain in the New England town after getting attached to Henry which causes the hands of the clock tower to move for the first time in 28 years. It's soon revealed that Snow and Charming, concerned for the safety of their unborn child, went to seek advice from the imprisoned trickster Rumplestiltskin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16131741", "score": "0.9886643", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 1)", "text": "with David Nolan, a coma patient who, in reality is Emma's father Prince Charming, wakes up after she reads Henry's fairytale book to him as a favor to Henry. David, however, is married to Kathryn Nolan, the woman who is (in the fairy tale world) his ex-fiancée Princess Abigail daughter of King Midas. Unable to deny their love, David and Mary Margaret soon begin a secret relationship that becomes public and upsets Kathryn. Kathryn eventually decides to go to Boston and let David be with Mary Margaret only to disappear before leaving Storybrooke, due to an effect of the curse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16131744", "score": "0.9841859", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "I'll Be Your Mirror (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "tuning in. I'll Be Your Mirror (Once Upon a Time) \"I'll Be Your Mirror\" is the eighth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\", which aired on November 13, 2016. In this episode, the Evil Queen traps Emma and Regina in another world while she uses a plot to manipulate Henry as he prepares to ask Violet out for a date, Snow and David try to deal with the curse placed on them, and Belle and Zelena enlists Aladdin and Jasmine to help retrieve an item from Gold. The forest is filled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19741966", "score": "0.9819032", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tallahassee (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "in the back seat. The man introduces himself as Neal Cassidy (Michael Raymond-James) and is revealed to be the man from the opening scene of \"Broken.\" They become a couple, living off petty crimes as they travel from place to place. They eventually decide that they would like to settle down together, and Emma chooses Tallahassee by closing her eyes and pointing at a random location on a map. However, Neal learns he is still wanted for stealing a case of watches in Phoenix and his best bet is to flee to Canada. However, it would be too expensive for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16886510", "score": "0.9816084", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Dreamcatcher (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "is to hold a dance, which in turn was a way to ask Violet out. At the same time, Emma continues to make a real man out of Gold without telling him exactly why she needed him. Gold tried to tell Emma that being the Dark One would cost her the ones she loved, but she didn’t want to listen. She then brings in Merida to do her bidding and sends them to the woods. Emma, heeding Gold's words, was having second thoughts about everything as she went to her shed full of dreamcatchers and cried. As they arrive in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18982056", "score": "0.9802298", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "I'll Be Your Mirror (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "I'll Be Your Mirror (Once Upon a Time) \"I'll Be Your Mirror\" is the eighth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\", which aired on November 13, 2016. In this episode, the Evil Queen traps Emma and Regina in another world while she uses a plot to manipulate Henry as he prepares to ask Violet out for a date, Snow and David try to deal with the curse placed on them, and Belle and Zelena enlists Aladdin and Jasmine to help retrieve an item from Gold. The forest is filled with mirrors,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19741953", "score": "0.9771405", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 5)", "text": "returning as a series regular as Will Scarlet / Knave of Hearts although further appearances as a recurring or guest star were hinted. Adam Horowitz confirmed via Twitter that Emilie de Ravin would return as Belle, while Vine Report confirmed the return of Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan. On June 26, 2015, Josh Dallas confirmed his return as Prince Charming / David Nolan and Horowitz confirmed that there would be ten series regulars for the season. During Comic-Con 2015, Ginnifer Goodwin, Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue and Robert Carlyle were confirmed to return as Snow White / Mary Margaret Blanchard, Evil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18830983", "score": "0.9764599", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 1)", "text": "after she did, is from the Enchanted Forest as well and he is Pinocchio, who was sent to our world through the same wardrobe that brought Emma to watch over her. But he abandoned her out of fear and is slowly turning back into a wooden puppet. Emma then makes an attempt to take Henry out of Storybrooke forever, but is then forced to reconsider when he refuses to go. Emma makes a deal with Regina in which she leaves but still visits Henry on ocasinaly. But Regina knows Emma's true identity and has retrieved her poisoned apple (the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16131747", "score": "0.9756873", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Tougher Than the Rest (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "are forced to hand over their items to Robin, whom Regina believes is real although Emma says otherwise. When they hear horses coming, Robin escapes but Emma and Regina are now hiding from Prince Henry, who believes Regina is still the Evil Queen. Afterwards, Emma comes across Pinocchio and after explaining that they're from another realm they come up with a plan to build a magical portal called \"magical wardrobe\" so they can return home. Regina, on the other hand, decided to find out about the Wish realm Robin, and tracked him down to his tavern. While there, she asked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19800751", "score": "0.97552323", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Christopher Gorham", "text": "BuddyTV ranked Gorham No. 5 on its list of \"TV's Sexiest Men of 2011\". In 2014 Gorham added another recurring role to his resume, as he joined the cast of \"Once Upon a Time\" for a storyline involving the series' character Emma Swan in New York City and her ties to his character. Gorham is married to his former \"Popular\" co-star, Anel Lopez Gorham, with whom he has three children: sons Lucas (born c. 2001) and Ethan (born c. 2003), and a daughter named Alondra Cecelia Lopez Gorham (born January 10, 2009). Christopher Gorham Christopher David Gorham (born August 14,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7012317", "score": "0.97540754", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Hook (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "it is shown he met Snow and Charming when they inadvertently set off a spell which made everyone burst into song in Misthaven. He sang about revenge on the Dark One, and when realizing they have him in their dungeon, agrees to give them safe passage on his ship so they could confront the Evil Queen. He later marries Emma, realizing they both want to go through with the wedding regardless of villainous threats. He rejoices with the rest of the town with song and dance, but as the clock strikes 6 the town is engulfed with the Black Fairy's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19078600", "score": "0.97423625", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Awake (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "anyone with true love, including Snow and David with Emma. Unfortunately, Regina soon catches on to what Snow did after she brought David back to life. Gold then later tells David and Snow that Emma is still a child and if they go to her they'll be a family again, but by doing so Emma's quest to become The Savior will never happen. Gold then proposes they drink a forgetting potion that would erase all of their past memories, until Emma arrives. When they go to the forest, David and Snow use the flower dust that creates a door that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19950550", "score": "0.97239333", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Lost Girl (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "that \"Actually, this whole episode is moot.\" Lost Girl (Once Upon a Time) \"Lost Girl\" is the second episode of the third season of the American fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\", and the show's 46th episode overall. It was first broadcast on October 6, 2013. This episode features the core characters continuing to search for Henry (Jared S. Gilmore). Peter Pan (Robbie Kay) presents Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) with a map of Henry's (Jared S. Gilmore) location, though it can only be successfully used if Emma embraces her true identity. Meanwhile, Mr. Gold (Robert Carlyle) gets some startling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17591332", "score": "0.9713071", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Lily (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "is among the suspects identified. The news has now made Emma furious and now wants Lily to leave immediately, but Lily says that she just can't help it because she always does \"bad\" things; she then begs Emma for help with just one more thing, which is to retrieve a special necklace. Later that night, Emma follows through with getting the necklace, but Lily pulls a fast one on Emma by stealing money from Emma's parents and runs away. When Emma returned home, Emma's parents surprised her, having called her social worker, and discovering that Lily is a known criminal.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18729149", "score": "0.96957016", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Manhattan (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "Baelfire's location. Emma rings the only buzzer that lacks an occupant's name, claiming to be delivering a package; someone immediately flees the building via the fire escape. Gold demands that Emma fulfill her favor by bringing Baelfire to talk to him, so she gives chase and, upon tackling him, is shocked to recognize Baelfire as her former lover, Neal Cassidy (Michael Raymond-James). They argue over her bringing Rumplestiltskin to New York and Neal abandoning Emma years earlier, and Neal ultimately agrees to continue the conversation only if Emma will join him at a bar. There, Neal explains that he didn't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17104267", "score": "0.9691699", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "The Stranger (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "[referring to fans who had been posting their guesses on websites and message boards], give yourselves a pat on the collective back! -- as well as the boy who 'found' baby Emma after she traveled out of Fairy Land. Emma still refuses to believe in the curse. And Regina wants to seduce David, for some reason. That's ... basically it, excluding a truly frustrating concluding twist. When will Snow White's line learn that running away is almost guaranteed to make a problem worse?\" Busis also went on to say, \"It's a shame that there wasn't more to 'The Stranger,' especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16363895", "score": "0.96835804", "original_retrieval_index": 47 } ]

[ "Bobby Deol", "Akshay Kumar", "Divya Khosla Kumar", "Nagma", "Amitabh Bachchan", "Sandali Sinha" ]

[ { "title": "Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo", "text": "dead but actually was a prisoner of war. The only thread binding him to the army is broken, and it is then Kunaljeet finds out that the terrorists in collusion with rebel Pakistani officers are planning to bomb the Bhagwan Shivji's Amarnath Temple in Jammu & Kashmir in order to wipe foment communal strife. Kunaljeet saves everyone and wins his grandfather's heart. The music is composed by Anu Malik. Lyrics are penned by Sameer. The song \"Humein tumse hua hai pyaar\" became extremely popular. Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo (English: \"We entrust this nation in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9224095", "score": "1.1023573", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Adhuri Kahaani Hamari", "text": "Adhuri Kahaani Hamari Adhuri Kahaani Hamari (English: \"Our Incomplete Story\") is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language television series produced by Gul Khan under the banner of 4 Lions Films is a Reincarnation Romantic and Fantasy drama.The show premiered at 7:30 pm (IST) on Monday on 16 November 2015 and airs episodes from Monday to Friday starring Laksh Lalwani, Mahima Makwana and Suhani Dhanki. It is the ninth television series of 4 Lions Films. The series was dubbed in Thai language and was broadcast in Thailand on Bright TV20 and on Zee Anmol as \"Kasam Hai Tujhe Aa Bhi Jaa\". The series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19022997", "score": "1.0892287", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Tumhare Siwa", "text": "Tumhare Siwa Tumhare Siwa (Without You) is a 2015 Pakistani romantic drama serial. It is based on the novel of Wasi Shah airing on Hum TV. The series is directed by Sakina Samo and produced by Moomal Entertainment. It stars is or Ahsan khan, Aisha Khan, Noor Hassan, Mansha Pasha, Salina Sipra, Lubna Aslam etc. in leading roles. The drama airs every Friday at 8pm. It is about 2 couples whose deep love turns to deep hatred. Aazar (Ahsan Khan) acts as brother of Tania/Tani, husband of Rania (Aisha Khan), father of Dani. His close friend is Arsal (Noor Hassan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18979475", "score": "1.0850819", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ti Saddhya Kay Karte", "text": "Ti Saddhya Kay Karte Ti Saddhya Kay Karte () is a 2017 Marathi language romantic drama film which is produced by Zee Studios and directed by Satish Rajwade. It stars Ankush Chaudhari and Tejashree Pradhan Ketkar in lead roles. Abhinay Berde, son of the late actor Lakshmikant Berde and Aarya Ambekar plays younger versions of character played by Ankush And Tejashree. Movie had its theatrical release on 6 January 2017. Ti Saddhya Kay Karte's trailer is attached with Aamir Khan's Dangal will be released in cinemas in Maharashtra. Anurag wonders about his first love Tanvi, whom he hasn't seen in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19892746", "score": "1.0783039", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ab Kya Hoga", "text": "Ab Kya Hoga Ab Kya Hoga is a supernatural-thriller 1977 Hindi movie, produced, directed and written by Sawan Kumar Tak. The film stars Shatrughan Sinha, Neetu Singh, Asrani, Bindu, Moushumi Chatterjee and Ranjeet. The film's music is by Tak's wife Usha Khanna. It was a rare movie of olden times where actor Ranjeet played a non-villain role, whereas noted comedy actor Asrani played a negative role who plans the hero's death. Most of the past is copied from the 1964 Manoj Kumar-starrer Raj Khosla movie \"Woh Kaun Thi?\". The story revolves around Ram Sinha, who meets a girl named Chitralekha", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10125133", "score": "1.049304", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Hum Saath-Saath Hain", "text": "and Mamta, a business tycoon, Adharsh (Rajeev Verma) comes with his only daughter, Sadhna (Tabu). It is then revealed that Adharsh had thoughts of getting Sadhana married to Vivek. Ramkishan and Mamta happily accept the proposal. Wedding bells ring in the mansion while Vinod is happy that Sapna (Karisma Kapoor) is there with them. Sapna is also a close relative to the family, and just like Prem and Preeti, Vinod and Sapna also have crushes on each other. Prem returns from the US after a long time for his parent's anniversary, but just to get caught in a hustle of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5863002", "score": "1.0435865", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi", "text": "- Parivar ki Jeevan Rekha\". The show there ended on 11 November 2016. The story revolves around the Pethewala family. Bhushan (Neil Bhatt), the second son of the family is in love with Shreya (Sreejita De). Before he can tell his family, they pretend to have fixed his marriage elsewhere but the girl turns out to be Shreya. The lovers are happily married. Ajay is the youngest son of the Pethewala family. His best friend Ajju is in love with Sanjana. Ajju gets a job in USA and he and Sanjana decide to marry in the court given Sanjana's father's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18702246", "score": "1.0434768", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Dilya Ghari Tu Sukhi Raha", "text": "from both families will be played by well known actors Rajan Bhise-Mrunal Chemburkar and Yogesh Soman-Atisha Naik. Two new faces, Saurabh Gogte and Bhakti Deshpande made their debuts on television with \"Dilya Ghari Tu Sukhi Raha\". A grand premiere of this new Marathi serial was held in the presence of huge audience at Sahakar Nagar, Wadala. The inaugural episode was witnessed by the audience gathered on this occasion in the presence of all the artistes from this serial besides other celebrities who were present there. Abhijit Khandekar played the host of the programme. This serial, was aired on Zee Marathi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18125277", "score": "1.043186", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Sadqay Tumhare", "text": "Sadqay Tumhare Sadqay Tumhare (lit: May My Years Be Added To Yours) () is a Hum Television Dramas 2014 Pakistani biogeographical drama TV serial that was based on the life of the series own writer Khalil-Ur-Rehman Qamar and aired on Hum TV. It is directed by Mohammed Ehteshamuddin, produced by Momina Duraid, Smina Humayun Saeed and Tariq Ahmad Shah and written by Khalil-Ur-Rehman Qamar. It stars Mahira Khan, Samiya Mumtaz, Adnan Malik in leading roles while Qavi Khan, Rehan Sheikh, Farhan Ali Agha and Sania Shamshad in supporting roles. Adnan Malik made his acting debut with this serial. Set in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18342251", "score": "1.0374918", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo", "text": "Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo (English: \"We entrust this nation in you, O countrymen\") is a 2004 Indian Hindi war film, directed by Anil Sharma and starring Amitabh Bachchan, Akshay Kumar, Bobby Deol, Divya Khosla Kumar, Sandali Sinha and Nagma", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Sapnon Se Bhare Naina", "text": "Sapnon Se Bhare Naina Sapno Se Bhare Naina (English: \"Eyes Full Of Dreams\") is an Indian soap opera which aired on Star Plus from December 2010 through February 2012. The plot centers around the life of Naina Bhardwaj who was raised by her late father and her stepmother who tended to be emotionally cold. Years after her father's death, Naina is told the truth, which leads her to leave her family home and, after a brief interlude, begin a new life in Bombay as a wedding planner. On her journey to Mumbai she meets the main protagonist Daksh Patwardhan on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15157604", "score": "1.0336752", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare (1971 film)", "text": "Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare (1971 film) Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare is a Pakistani Urdu colour film, produced and directed by Khalid Khursheed. It was a musical romantic drama film with music by M Ashraf and lyrics by Kaleem Usmani. The story was written by Basheer Niaz based on a story idea by Mistry Ghulam Mohammad. Its cast included Waheed Murad, Deeba, Nirala, Aliya and Talish. \"NHKT\" was released by K.K. Pictures on 1 January 1971 in Pakistani cinemas. In spite of worst political circumstances of the country, the film did well in the cinemas. It completed 15 weeks in main", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12340630", "score": "1.0332996", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Tum Milo Toh Sahi", "text": "Box office. Tum Milo Toh Sahi Tum Milo Toh Sahi is Bollywood film that released on 2 April 2010. It stars Nana Patekar, Dimple Kapadia, Suniel Shetty, Vidya Malvade, Rehan Khan and Anjana Sukhani in the lead roles. Tum Milo To Sahi is a tale of ordinary people at different stages of life, who discover that, \"their roots have intertwined so inseparably that they have become one tree and not two!\" The film revolves around \"art and fortunate accident\", which happens to three different couples at three different stages of life – late teens, mid thirties, and late fifties. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14401881", "score": "1.0310396", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ami Je Ke Tomar", "text": "differences. While the acting of Ankush, Nusrat Jahan and Sayantika Banerjee was praised, the film was also criticized for plot holes. Ami Je Ke Tomar Ami Je Ke Tomar is a 2017 Indian Bengali-language romance drama film directed by Rabi Kinagi and produced by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni under the banner of SVF Entertainment. The film stars Ankush, Sayantika Banerjee and Nusrat Jahan in the lead roles. The film was released on 19 May 2017. It is the remake of the Marathi film \"Mitwaa\" starring Swapnil Joshi and Sonalee.The film was superhit in box office.Sayantika Banerjee received best actress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20121029", "score": "1.0304258", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ankur Nayyar", "text": "Rathod in \"Nazar (TV series)\". His current role is of Randhir Ahluwalia in the serial \"Tu Aashiqui\". Nayyar was born and raised in Pathankot, Punjab. His acting career took off, with the TV series \"Kashmeer\", where he played the character of Aamir Bhatt, a parallel lead. In 2014, Ankur joined the cast of \"Ek Boond Ishq\" as the parallel lead. He was also seen in \"Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki\", \"Yahaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli\" and \"Maharana Pratap\". He is currently working on two shows - \"Meri Durga\", where he essays the role of Coach Rana, and \"Prem Ya Paheli", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18117729", "score": "1.030086", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hamare Tumhare", "text": "family, but will their children and the community accept them as husband and wife? Hamare Tumhare Hamare Tumhare is a 1979 Hindi movie, produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Umesh Mehra. The film stars Sanjeev Kumar, Raakhee, Amjad Khan, Prem Krishen, David, Mehmood, Asrani, Anil Kapoor (In his film debut), Lucky Ali, and Amrish Puri. The film's music is by R. D. Burman. The rights to this film are owned by Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment. Widower Jairaj Verma lives with his four sons in a small apartment. Three of his sons are in their teens, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10326627", "score": "1.0291388", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ishq Wala Love", "text": "Thakur, Shrirang Godbole, Tanishk Nabar, Sandeep Khare and Sangeeta Barve. The film was released on 10 October 2014 in theaters of Maharashtra. The film's first look Theatrical Trailer was released on 2 September 2014 in social networking sites. Ishq Wala Love Ishq Wala Love (Marathi: इश्क वाला Love) is a 2014 Indian Marathi language Romantic Drama film written, directed and produced by Renu Desai under \"Akira Films\" and \"Shree Aadya Films\" banner. The movie is the directorial debut film of Desai and stars Adinath Kothare and Sulagna Panigrahi in lead roles, with Suchitra Bandekar, Leena Bhagwat, Bhargavi Chirmule, Sukanya Mone,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18425590", "score": "1.0288378", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tumhare Liye", "text": "Tumhare Liye Tumhare Liye (Hindi: तुम्हारे लिये; translation: For Your Sake) is a 1978 Bollywood film directed by Basu Chatterjee. The film stars Sanjeev Kumar, Vidya Sinha and Ashok Kumar as leads with music scored by Jaidev. Gauri (Vidya Sinha) and Prakash (Sanjeev Kumar) are in love and get intimate. Prakash is expected to marry Renuka (Neelam Mehra), as she meets his family's approval; but he chooses Gauri. But after marriage, Gauri starts behaving strangely. She falls ill, and is hospitalized. It is here that the truth surfaces about the past lives of Gauri and Prakash. In their past birth,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12865439", "score": "1.0254309", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Khushboo Ka Ghar", "text": "till they reach adulthood. Aiman deeply resents the fact that the four are separated and wants to reunite them; there is Abeera who is more docile and sacrificing. Then there is Fiza who is a mixture of both, and Ahmed who has been pampered to death by his paternal aunt. Khushboo Ka Ghar Khushboo Ka Ghar was a 2012 Famous Pakistani drama serial which was Premiered on ARY Digital. The show was directed by Mohsin Raza. Faysal Qureshi, Sana Askari, Raheel Butt and Anoushay Abbasi were the Lead Actors who played Pivotal Roles in the show. This drama starts with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15962475", "score": "1.0254228", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Nazr-e-Bad", "text": "Aag Si\". The drama was scheduled to air in 2016 but due to Azfar Rehman had to work on \"Hatheli\", Waseem Abbas and Fazila Qazi had to work for \"Deewana\", Sakina Samo had to work for \"Dil Banjaara\" and Ali Abbas had to work for \"Tum Kon Piya\" the project was paused. The series was again scheduled to air from 15 December 2016 but due to post-production delays, the show will air from late 25 January 2017. Nazr-e-Bad Nazr-e-Bad (Urdu:; lit: Look of Evil), was a Pakistani black magic-based romantic television drama serial which aired on Hum TV 25 January", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19919242", "score": "1.0239983", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Pighalta Aasman", "text": "Pighalta Aasman Pighalta Aasman is a 1985 Indian Bollywood film produced and directed by Shammi (actress). It stars Shashi Kapoor, Raakhee and Rati Agnihotri in pivotal roles. Delhi-based businesswoman Arti Singh Rathod lives a wealthy lifestyle along with Nanny, Suku, and friend and employee, Anuradha. She decides to travel to Kashmir and take possession of a piece of her land that is being occupied by Suraj Arora. Her Nanny tells her she was brought up by the Arora family until her dad, Karan Singh, became wealthy and broke off all relations with them. Once in Kashmir, all differences are forgotten", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16596029", "score": "1.0226747", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Amit Sahni Ki List", "text": "Amit Sahni Ki List Amit Sahni Ki List is a 2014 Bollywood romantic comedy film produced by Pyxis Pictures and directed by Ajay Bhuyan. The film stars Vir Das, Vega Tamotia and Anindita Nayar in lead roles. It also stars Kavi Shastri, Natasha Rastogi and Duboree Das in supporting roles. The film is co-produced by Tina Nagpaul, Kavita Kulkarni and Sujata Vemuri under the Pyxis Pictures banner. The film released on 18 July 2014. Amit Sahni (played by Vir Das) is a young and quirky investment banker, who is searching for the woman of his dreams, correction- the woman of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18136782", "score": "1.0225761", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Khel Toh Ab Shuru Hoga", "text": "Khel Toh Ab Shuru Hoga Khel Toh Ab Shuru Hoga is a 2016 Bollywood action film directed by Kunal Singh and produced by Mahesh Narula. The film’s story is about a bank robbery in which actor Ruslaan Mumtaz plays the role of a bank security guard, who ultimately robs the bank. The film was released on 13 May 2016. Actress Devshi Khanduri is playing the character of a Muslim girl. Actor Rohit Pathak is playing negative role in the film. The Music Was Composed By Ashfaque, Ricky Mishra, Aarv, Deepak and Released by T-Series. The film is produced by Delhi-based", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19464768", "score": "1.0224847", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mann Mayal", "text": "Humayun Saeed and Tariq Shah came on board as a co-producers, both Samina and Tariq previously produced cult followed-drama serial \"Sadqay Tumhare\" that aired between 2014-2015 television season. while Sana marked her production debut with this serial, she explained, \"I'm thrilled to get a chance to work with such an amazing team so early on in my career. I couldn’t have found a better project than Mann Mayal to kick-start this new phase in my creative journey. It’s always a blast working with a team who are not only talented artists but also very dear friends. I’m confident the audiences", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19255456", "score": "1.0224252", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hamare Tumhare", "text": "Hamare Tumhare Hamare Tumhare is a 1979 Hindi movie, produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Umesh Mehra. The film stars Sanjeev Kumar, Raakhee, Amjad Khan, Prem Krishen, David, Mehmood, Asrani, Anil Kapoor (In his film debut), Lucky Ali, and Amrish Puri. The film's music is by R. D. Burman. The rights to this film are owned by Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment. Widower Jairaj Verma lives with his four sons in a small apartment. Three of his sons are in their teens, while his youngest son is around 12 years. On the other hand, there is Maya", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10326625", "score": "1.0211636", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Humko Tumse Ho Gaya Hai Pyaar Kya Karein", "text": "middle-class family in Chandni Chowk, Delhi. Anokhi dreams of marrying a rich guy and believes that money is the main source of happiness. Her life takes a turn when she gets a job as an accountant in the Mallick house, where lives the wealthy and dysfunctional Mallick family. There she meets the family's soft-spoken heir, Tushar Mallick who falls for her, while she falls for his wealth. The show follows how Anokhi manages to win the Mallick family's hearts with her wit and charm while falling in love with Tushar, thus learning the true meaning of love and marriage. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19543729", "score": "1.01823", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Karan Goddwani", "text": "famous and popular, \"Diya Aur Baati hum\", replacing Gautum Gulati as Vikram Rathi. In September 2014, he joined the cast of \"Diya Aur Baati Hum\" as Vikram Rathi. In 2017, he joined the show \"Dil Se Dil Tak\", which premiered on Colors tv on January 30, 2017. He also plays the role of Kaushal in Sab tv show \"TV, Biwi aur Main\". He also played the role of Akshay Kapoor in the serial Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki post the leap. In 2018, Goddwani played the lead role of Kishan Thakur in the &TV serial \"Agniphera\" alongside Yukti Kapoor and Simraan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17713394", "score": "1.0174226", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Tum Milo Toh Sahi", "text": "Tum Milo Toh Sahi Tum Milo Toh Sahi is Bollywood film that released on 2 April 2010. It stars Nana Patekar, Dimple Kapadia, Suniel Shetty, Vidya Malvade, Rehan Khan and Anjana Sukhani in the lead roles. Tum Milo To Sahi is a tale of ordinary people at different stages of life, who discover that, \"their roots have intertwined so inseparably that they have become one tree and not two!\" The film revolves around \"art and fortunate accident\", which happens to three different couples at three different stages of life – late teens, mid thirties, and late fifties. The three couples", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14401879", "score": "1.0174093", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta", "text": "Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta Ei Chheleta Bhelbheleta (); was a Bengali television Soap Opera that premiered on March 28, 2016 and aired on Zee Bangla . Produced by Magic Moments Motion Pictures, it stars Prapti Chatterjee and Somraj Maity in lead roles, Nabanita Malakar in a negative role and Sabitri Chatterjee, Anusuya Majumdar, Shankar Chakraborty and Bharat Kaul in supporting roles. The show got replaced by a Fiction show Karunamoyee Rani Rashmoni. The show's unique name has been taken from common Bengali childhood rhyme. It truly captures the free-spirited love and chemistry between the protagonists - Abir and Shaluk. Life takes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19584798", "score": "1.0141764", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Gauri Pradhan Tejwani", "text": "horror tele-series \"Kya Hadsaa Kya Haqeeqat\". In 2002, she participated in one of the episodes of the singing reality show \"Kisme Kitna Hai Dum\" Star Plus along with other television actors. After a string of cameos and a short series, Pradhan was approached in 2004 to play the supporting lead as Nandini Thakkar in \"Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi\" on Star Plus. The role brought her numerous awards. In the same year, she appeared in \"Isse Kehte Hai Golmaal Ghar\" that aired on Sahara One channel as the main lead opposite Manav Gohil. The series premiered on 30 October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8013768", "score": "1.0127077", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

[ "Instagram's own account" ]

[ { "title": "Fashion influencer", "text": "a blog in the first place. Jenn Im became a fashion influencer due to her successful Youtube channel, German influencer Pamela Reif due to her high reach on Instagram. In 2017, Instagram was the social media platform with the highest reach for fashion influencers. Forbes calculated that the top ten fashion influencers combined generated a reach of 23,3 million on Instagram. At the same time, the fashion industry had the highest share on Instagram influencer marketing in the US. It’s share, approximately 61 percent, dominated by far subsequent sectors investing in influencer marketing such as travel (8 percent) and food", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20598785", "score": "0.91710603", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Celebrity branding", "text": "are deciding to attempt to reach the largest assortment of potential consumers possible, rather than reaching a small number of consumers but more frequently – which is described as frequency (Belch & Belch, 2012). An example of the usefulness of a celebrity's reach can be shown in statistics taken from telegraph.co.uk regarding the world's most followed Instagram celebrities. The most followed Instagram celebrity is Selena Gomez, with each post that she makes being viewed by all or most of her 145 million followers. Cristiano Ronaldo is 2nd, with 144 million followers, and Ariana Grande is 3rd with 116 million followers.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6927293", "score": "0.91169155", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Model (person)", "text": "16 per cent using Facebook. Some Instagram models have gained high-profile modelling jobs and become celebrities. Fitness model Jen Selter had become an Internet celebrity by 2014 with nearly 2 million Instagram followers, gaining professional sports management work and modelling for \"Vanity Fair\" magazine. Cosplayer and model Anna Faith had acquired over 250,000 Instagram followers by 2014, gaining success from her ability to impersonate the Disney character Elsa. With Facebook's continuing decrease in post reach, Instagram has increasingly become the favorite platform for cosplayers. American actress Caitlin O'Connor had almost 300,000 Instagram followers in 2016, earning most of her social", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "592780", "score": "0.89426535", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Kevin Systrom", "text": "Vice-President James Everingham, as well as Kevin Weil, who formerly headed product development at Twitter, as high-ranking executives at Instagram. As of October 2015, 40 billion pictures had been shared on Instagram. As of June 2016, Instagram had over 500 million active users. Also in 2016, \"CNN\" quoted a study according to which Snapchat was regarded as the most important social network among teenagers aged 14 to 19, the first time in two years that Instagram did not feature at the top. Instagram currently employs around 450 people. The app is used by 600 million people per month and 300", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16443901", "score": "0.8919357", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Instagram", "text": "more likely to engage with content that has not been watermarked, as they view this content as less original and reliable compared to user-generated content. Users on Instagram have created \"trends\" through hashtags, which are specific keywords combined with a hash symbol that lets them share content with other Instagram users. The trends deemed the most popular on the platform often highlight a specific day of the week to post the material on. Examples of popular trends include #SelfieSunday, in which users post a photo of their faces on Sundays; #MotivationMonday, in which users post motivational photos on Mondays; #TransformationTuesday,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15558199", "score": "0.88730323", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Instagram", "text": "it had 5 million users, which increased to 10 million in September. This growth continued to 30 million users in April 2012, 80 million in July 2012, 100 million in February 2013, 130 million in June 2013, 150 million in September 2013, 300 million in December 2014, 400 million in September 2015, 500 million in June 2016, 600 million in December 2016, 700 million in April 2017, and 800 million in September 2017. In October 2016, Instagram Stories reached 100 million active users, two months after launch. This increased to 150 million in January 2017, 200 million in April, surpassing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15558194", "score": "0.8871475", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Mobile social network", "text": "million users in the previous year. In 2016, there was Instagram started as mobile and later developed into web-based platforms as well. In 2016, there was practically 1.6 billion active users around the world. Moreover, in the United States, a study named the usage of the most popular mobile social networking percentages showed that social media audiences spent a total of 230 billion minutes on Facebook in 2014, 80% higher than Instagram. Until January 2016, 52% of users in North America accessed social media through mobile when the global mobile social penetration rate was 27%. The report in 2017 showed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9101594", "score": "0.8853743", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Justin Bieber", "text": "surpassed Lady Gaga for having the most followed person on Twitter in January 2013. In early November 2013, Katy Perry surpassed him for having the most followers. As of 2017, Bieber was the second most followed user of Twitter, while his VEVO channel made him the third most subscribed user of YouTube until by 2018 where it became the second most subscribed user of YouTube. The music video for Bieber's song \"Baby\" is the second most disliked on YouTube, receiving over 9.93 million dislikes since its upload in 2010, being only surpassed by the 2018 YouTube Rewind in December 2018.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13600812", "score": "0.88270164", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Instagram", "text": "the most active on Instagram with 23%. Following behind, college graduates consist of 18% and users with a high school diploma or less make up 15%. Among these Instagram users, 24% say they use the app several times a day. Ongoing research continues to explore how media content on the platform affects user engagement. Past research has found that media which show peoples' faces receive more 'likes' and comments and that using filters that increase warmth, exposure, and contrast also boosts engagement. Users are more likely to engage with images that depict fewer individuals compared to groups and also are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15558198", "score": "0.8772507", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "List of most-followed Instagram accounts", "text": "This list contains the top 10 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of December 2017, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 230 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 132 million followers. Eight accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Instagram", "text": "\"7x7Magazine\"'s September 2011 issue featured Systrom and Krieger on the cover of their \"The Hot 20 2011\" issue. In December 2011, Apple Inc. named Instagram the \"App of the Year\" for 2011. In 2015, Instagram was named No. 1 by Mashable on its list of \"The 100 best iPhone apps of all time,\" noting Instagram as \"one of the most influential social networks in the world.\" Instagram Instagram (also known as IG) is a photo and video-sharing social networking service owned by Facebook, Inc. It was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 exclusively on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15558220", "score": "0.8753252", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sarah Bahbah", "text": "of the most shared accounts on Instagram with over 480,000 followers. She was nominated one of Australia's top six digital influences in photography and travel by Pedestrian TV as part of the Blogster Award. She encourages others to \"live in the moment.\" Sarah Bahbah Sarah Bahbah is a groundbreaking Palestinian artist who uses her creative voice to enlighten patrons on the importance of breaking the stigmas associated with CSA, and women finding freedom in voice. Using an unapologetically honest exploration into the intimate psyche of millennial women as her calling card, Bahbah empowers her audience to embrace indulgence and self", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20680678", "score": "0.8724761", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Maine Mendoza", "text": "her title as the Social Media Queen. She has also been nicknamed as The Phenomenal Star. In October 2015, Mendoza's Twitter account became the third fastest growing profile, her followers increased to 1,094,813 in just a few months. Due to her popularity, her social media accounts were hacked twice. One of those hacks happened in November 2015 where her Twitter was taken by a group of hackers who identified themselves as Anonymous Philippines. They posted series of tweets promoting the Million Mask March. Despite hacking the account, they promised to return it to the rightful owner. In less than 24", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18889987", "score": "0.8675109", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Anna Zak", "text": "most influential person on Israeli Instagram, according to the Israeli Internet Association, ahead of Bar Refaeli. She was also ranked by Nana 10 as the most influential Israeli youth influencing Instagram in 2017. In June 2017, she was chosen to be the face of Office Depot's back to school campaign in Israel. In 2018, she modeled alongside Yael Shelbia and Neta Alchimister in the Fix brand campaign. She had originally been chosen by Simon Fuller's new project international project Now United, to be part of an international band (with representatives representing China, India, Russia, Japan, UK, US, Philippines, South Korea,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20218288", "score": "0.86687016", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "K-pop", "text": "is announced to be the most followed celebrity that entered Twitter in 2017. According to Sin Chang Seob, the CEO of Twitter Korea, the usage of Twitter by Kpop artists has led to a massive increase on the number of South Korean and international users. Matters related to Kpop often attract the fandom to discuss actively. Another major way Twitter has helped spread K-pop is at different award ceremonies across the world. At the 2017 and 2018 Billboard Music Awards, BTS won the award for Top Social Media Artist, which fans were able to vote for with the Twitter hashtag", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3067777", "score": "0.8655658", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Selfie", "text": "Instagram boasted 500 million daily active users of its self-promotion, selfie-sharing app and 800 million monthly active users. Snapchat reports 178 million daily active users of its service. As of July 2017, in order of popularity, the four most popular social networking services are Facebook, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, and Snapchat. Initially popular with young people, selfies gained wider popularity over time. Life and business coach Jennifer Lee, in January 2011, was the first person to coin it as a hashtag on Instagram. By the end of 2012, \"Time\" magazine considered selfie one of the \"top 10 buzzwords\" of that year;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17196472", "score": "0.86370695", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Violet Benson", "text": "before becoming known as Daddy Issues. Benson started her Daddy Issues Instagram account on July 5, 2014. Benson has earned over 3 million followers on Instagram and is known as one of the fastest growing accounts and one of the largest funny female accounts that even MTV took notice. Though best known for Instagram, Benson runs several other social media platforms which include a Daddyissues__ Twitter account, a DaddyissuesLA snapchat account, and a secondary instagram account under her own name. Benson has stated that she turns down most requests to upload sponsored posts since it is important for her to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19471995", "score": "0.8582064", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Instagram", "text": "7% of daily photo uploads, among the top four photo-sharing platforms, come from Instagram. Instagram has been proven to attract the younger generation with 90% of the 150 million users under the age of 35. From June 2012 to June 2013, Instagram approximately doubled their number of users. As regards income, 15% of US Internet users who make less than $30,000 per year use Instagram, while 14% of those making $30,000 to $50,000, and 12% of users who make more than $50,000 per year do so. With respect to the education demographic, respondents with some college education proved to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15558197", "score": "0.85474795", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Katy Perry", "text": "in June 2017. Keith Caulfield of \"Billboard\" stated that the singer is \"the rare celebrity who seems to have enormous popularity but genuine ground-level interaction with her adoring KatyCats.\" With a combined total of over 246 million followers across Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, she is the fourth most followed musician across social media. In June 2017, \"Time\" listed Perry among its \"25 Most Influential People on the Internet\" of the year, writing that her live-stream for \"Witness\" was \"blazing a trail\" for being \"the closest any major entertainer has come to giving fans the kind of 'real' intimacy that social", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11738156", "score": "0.85195386", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Model (person)", "text": "media income from endorsing products on Instagram. Australian personal trainer Kayla Itsines acquired five-and-a-half million Instagram followers allowing her to build a business in the fitness industry. Brazilian model Claudia Alende had gained a following of 2.8 million people on Instagram by 2015 and developed a career as a lingerie model. Plus-size models Iskra Lawrence and Tess Holliday have used Instagram to demonstrate their potential as models. Yashika Aannand, an Indian teenage actress rose to prominence in the Tamil film industry after gaining popularity among the public as an Instagram model with over 145,000 followers on her account by 2017.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "592781", "score": "0.84993124", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Xavier Di Petta", "text": "2013, Di Petta created @EarthPix and @HistoryInPics on Twitter with Kyle Cameron. As of September 2016, the accounts have 1.91M and 3.48M followers, respectively. @EarthPix on Instagram has over 14M followers and is ranked the 113th Most Followed Instagram account. At 17, Di Petta co-founded Social Trends Media; focusing on business development and partnerships. Social Trends Media earned $800,000 in sales in December 2013. In May 2014, Di Petta was featured in a Special Interest Paper by the City of London on 'Cultural Innovation and Entrepreneurship in London' In October 2014, Di Petta joined the Advisory Board of the National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18361241", "score": "0.84984183", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mevius", "text": "Korea Times of Instagram Influencer Guidelines to let the public know about JTI Korea's dubious SNS marketing. He said he was approached by a person from JTI Korea's marketing team in June 2017. \"\"JTI systematically recruited young male Instagram users who have at least 10,000 followers\"\" the user said anonymously. \"\"I heard they were offered 4 to 5 million Won for each post for a month, depending on the number of their followers. The users were given this piece of paper outlining how they should take photos and depict them\"\". The company's marketing tactic is disgraceful, he said, stressing minors,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5512892", "score": "0.8477012", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Claudia Alende", "text": "a Megan Fox lookalike. By 2015 the Brazilian model was being followed by 2.8 million people on Instagram and had made £2.1 million from high profile social media endorsements. As of November 2017, Alende had over 10 million followers on Instagram. On January 29, 2017, she was the judge of the Model Scout ID event together with Marcus Pelle, owner of DAS Models. The event was held in Barranquilla, Colombia. She had to choose one model out of 100 contestants. In June 2017 Alende was included in a feature by Forbes magazine as one of their top 15 Instagram influencers.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19435332", "score": "0.8428921", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Social media in the fashion industry", "text": "Whitney Simmon's followers in return purchase these products upon release because they trust and admire Whitney Simmons. Since 2011, the popularity and usage of the smart phone, in particular iPads and iPhones increased. This altered the way consumer's were interacting and accessing with the fashion world. Instagram launched in 2010, the app since then has gained over 200 million users, over 25 billion images shared so far, averaging 1.6 billion likes per day (Wilson, A. 2014). These figures suggest that content postedis very exposed and Instagram is a good tool to reach a large number of people. Instagram is now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14769973", "score": "0.8425373", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ariana Grande", "text": "total of more than twelve billion times, her Instagram account had accumulated more than 130 million followers, ranking her as the 3rd most followed person on Instagram, her Twitter account had more than 55 million followers, making it the 12th most followed Twitter account, and her Facebook page had more than 30 million likes. At the age of ten, Grande co-founded the South Florida youth singing group Kids Who Care, which performed for charitable fund-raising events and raised over $500,000 for charities in 2007 alone. In 2009, as a member of the charitable organization Broadway in South Africa, Grande, along", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14058638", "score": "0.83624774", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Xiaohongshu", "text": "Bigbang Seungri (Joined Oct. 8th, 2018), Pony (2.17 million followers). Besides superstars, a great number of influencers/KOL are using RED as a way to share their life with followers, like Ritatawang (3.5 million followers) and Coco (1.2 million followers). In Xiaohongshu, ordinary young users and consumers have the opportunity to become key opinion leaders. Ritatawang (Username: Ritatawang) : As a student of Central Saint Martins of Art and Design in London, Ritatawang started to share her understanding of fashion in Xiaohongshu and gained millions of followers. After graduation, she gave up offers from top fashion brands. Instead, she returned to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20607687", "score": "0.8345195", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Zoella", "text": "1 Teen Awards; the 2014 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for \"UK Favourite Vlogger\"; and the 2014 Teen Choice Award for \"Choice Web Star: Fashion/Beauty\". Sugg was listed as one of \"The Telegraph's\" \"40 best beauty bloggers\" in September 2014, and \"Queen of the Haul\" by British Vogue in November. Hers was the fourth most popular channel in the UK in 2014. She was included in the 2015 \"Debrett's 500\", listing the most influential people in Britain, under the New Media category. In 2015 she was named as the \"Most Inspirational Women of the Decade\" in technology by \"Grazia\" and she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17728129", "score": "0.8305298", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Laura Brown (fashion journalist)", "text": "of InStyle. As of January 2018, Brown has 180,000 Instagram followers and more than 43,000 Twitter followers. Of Instagram, Brown has said, \"It is the way to present yourself to the world. It is the magazine of your life.\" If Instagram is the magazine of one's life, then Brown's demonstrates that she is proud of her Australian heritage: her Instagram feed is full of images of Australian animals such as koalas and kangaroos, and she supports Australian labels such as Zimmermann by often wearing their clothes. Brown is friends with many celebrities, including fellow Australians Naomi Watts, Rose Byrne and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15024802", "score": "0.82930946", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Instagram", "text": "song, and over 1,200 different photographs were submitted. Instagram was listed among \"Time\"s \"50 Best Android Applications for 2013\" list. Instagram's users are divided equally with 50% iPhone owners and 50% Android owners. While Instagram has a neutral gender-bias format, 68% of Instagram users are female while 32% are male. Instagram's geographical use is shown to favor urban areas as 17% of US adults who live in urban areas use Instagram while only 11% of adults in suburban and rural areas do so. While Instagram may appear to be one of the most widely used sites for photo sharing, only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15558196", "score": "0.8261988", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Social commerce", "text": "active users in 2016 and in the end of 2017 had more than 2 billion active users. Instagram is another good example of that, because it had around 500 million active users in 2016 and in the end of 2017 it had more than 800 million users. Other examples are Twitter, which has more than 313 million monthly active users, and Pinterest, which has more than 110 million. Hence, companies that are using (or in process to use) this tool to sale throughout the Social media need to know which are the future trends in this scenario, which are: Become", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10949363", "score": "0.8239311", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

[ "By the mid-1980s" ]

[ { "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", "text": "the nation during 1971; and Maryland, which was ranked #3 in the nation in 1974 but lost the ACC tournament championship game to eventual national champion North Carolina State), the NCAA began to place at-large teams in the tournament, instead of just conference champions. At times during the pre-at-large era, the NIT tournament competed for prestige with the NCAA tournament. However, in the 1950s the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments. But when 8th ranked Marquette declined its invitation in 1970 after coach Al McGuire complained about the Warriors' regional placement and instead went to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2753212", "score": "1.0730094", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "College basketball", "text": "more prestigious than the NCAA for many years, it ultimately lost popularity and status to the NCAA Tournament. In 1950, following a double win by the 1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team (when the NIT comprised 12 and the NCAA 8 teams), the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments, and effectively indicated that a team eligible for the NCAA tournament should play in it. Not long afterward, assisted by the 1951 scandals based in New York City, the NCAA tournament had become more prestigious than before, with conference champions and the majority of top-ranked teams competing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3364453", "score": "1.0549917", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "College basketball", "text": "there. The NCAA tournament eventually overtook the NIT by 1960. Through the 1960s and 1970s, with UCLA leading the way as winner of ten NCAA Tournament championships, a shift in power to teams from the west amplified the shift of attention away from the New York City-based NIT. When the NCAA tournament expanded its field of teams from 25 to 32 in 1975, to 48 in 1980, to 64 in 1985, and to 68 teams in 2011, interest in the NCAA tournament increased again and again, as it comprised more and more teams, soon including all of the strongest ones.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3364454", "score": "1.051143", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "teams in 1941, 12 in 1949, 14 in 1965, 16 in 1968, 24 in 1979, 32 in 1980, and 40 from 2002 through 2006. In 2007, the tournament reverted to the current 32-team format. In its early years, the NIT offered some advantages over the NCAA tournament: From its onset and at least into the mid-1950s, the NIT was regarded as the most prestigious showcase for college basketball. All-American at Princeton and later NBA champion with the New York Knicks and United States Senator Bill Bradley states: Several teams played in both the NIT and NCAA tournaments in the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872879", "score": "1.0433248", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Peter A. Carlesimo", "text": "lose luster in the mid-1970s following the implementation of a rule (the so-called \"Al McGuire rule\") forbidding schools from declining bids to the National Collegiate Athletic Association tournament. This had led to a dwindling in talent and interest in the NIT, which Carlesimo sought to fix by rules changes implemented in 1977. Carlesimo proposed moving the early round games to campus sites, and having only the final four teams play at Madison Square Garden in New York City. This move is seen as the reason the NIT has survived, as more interest is garnered by the schools participating, as they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7347780", "score": "1.02369", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", "text": "NIT (which it won), the NCAA changed the rule to forbid a team the declines an NCAA Tournament bid from participating in any post-season tournament. Since then, the NCAA tournament has clearly been the major one, with conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams participating in it. A third-place game was held from 1946 to 1981. Additionally, when the tournament was first held in 1939 with only two regionals (East and West), the West held a third-place game, but the East did not. The East began holding its own third-place game in 1941, and from then on every", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2753213", "score": "1.017795", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Mythical national championship", "text": "tournament, the NIT was generally considered to be superior. During the 1940s, the relative status of the two tournaments was unclear, and thus some years produced disputed national championship claims. Some contemporary sources claim superiority for the NIT during this time. In 1943, in a shrewd competitive move the NCAA tournament began sharing Madison Square Garden with the NIT. In 1945, following victories by the NCAA champions over the NIT champions in the Red Cross games, \"The New York Times\" indicated that many teams who could potentially get bids to enter either tournament would probably choose the NCAA tournament \"because", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7963656", "score": "1.0154289", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "Ohio). The team played in the NIT instead, which it won. This led the NCAA to decree in 1971 that any school to which it offered a bid must accept it or be prohibited from participating in postseason competition, reducing the pool of teams that could accept an NIT invitation. As the NCAA over time expanded its field to include more teams, the reputation of the NIT suffered. In 1973, NBC moved televised coverage of the NCAA championship from Saturday afternoon to Monday evening, providing the NCAA Tournament with prime-time television exposure the NIT could not match. Even more crucially,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872885", "score": "1.0089027", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "won both the NIT and the NCAA tournaments in the same season, coincidentally defeating Bradley University in the championship game of both tournaments, and remains the only school to accomplish that feat because of a rule change in the early 1950s prohibiting a team from competing in both tournaments. The champions of both the NCAA and NIT tournaments played each other for a few years during World War II. From 1943 to 1945, the American Red Cross sponsored a postseason charity game between each year's tournament champions to raise money for the war effort. The series was described by Ray", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872881", "score": "1.0023574", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "Compounding this, to cut costs the NIT moved its early rounds out of Madison Square Garden in 1977, playing games at home sites until the later rounds. This further harmed the NIT's prestige, both regionalizing interest in it and marginalizing it by reducing its association with Madison Square Garden. By the mid-1980s, its transition to a secondary tournament for lesser teams was complete.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mythical national championship", "text": "it involves stronger competition.\" In 1950, City College of New York won both the NIT and the NCAA tournaments in the same season, coincidentally defeating Bradley University in the championship game of both tournaments, and thus united the titles. After the fall-out from the 1951 gambling and point-shaving scandals, the NCAA tournament pulled out of Madison Square Garden. With conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams participating in it, the NCAA tournament since then came to be regarded as the more important post-season tourney and the sole determiner of the national championship, although following the taint of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7963657", "score": "1.0016752", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Dean Meminger", "text": "NCAA tournament. Following a dispute whether to play in the Mid-East or Mid-West Regional, Marquette declined the bid and opted to play in the NIT, where the team outclassed the field. The NCAA was so incensed by Marquette, it instituted a rule that forced an NCAA Division I team to accept an NCAA bid over an NIT bid. A subsequent antitrust case brought by the NIT against the NCAA over this issue was later settled out of court. Meminger was also the MVP of the 1970 National Invitation Tournament, in which Marquette beat Pete Maravich and LSU 101-79 in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9825710", "score": "0.9906597", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "each season, the rest being non-championship winning teams. Between 1939 and 1970, when teams could compete in either tournament, only DePaul (1945), Utah (1947), San Francisco (1949) and Holy Cross (1954) claim or celebrate national championships for their teams based solely on an NIT championship, although Long Island recognizes its selection as the 1939 national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation, made in 1943. In 1943 the NCAA tournament moved to share Madison Square Garden with the NIT in an effort to increase the credibility of the NCAA Tournament. In 1945, \"The New York Times\" indicated that many teams could", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872883", "score": "0.9901954", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "College basketball", "text": "national collegiate championship was the NAIA in 1937, although it was quickly surpassed in prestige by the National Invitation Tournament, or NIT, which brought six teams to New York's Madison Square Garden in the spring of 1938. Temple defeated Colorado in the first NIT tournament championship game, 60–36. In 1939, another national tournament was implemented by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The location of the NCAA Tournament varied from year to year, and it soon used multiple locations each year, so more fans could see games without traveling to New York. Although the NIT was created earlier and was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3364452", "score": "0.98783183", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "year, beginning with Colorado and Duquesne in 1940. Colorado won the NIT in 1940 but subsequently finished fourth in the NCAA West Region. In 1944, Utah lost its first game in the NIT but then proceeded to win not only the NCAA tournament, but also the subsequent Red Cross War Charities benefit game in which they defeated NIT champion St. John's at Madison Square Garden. In 1949, some Kentucky players were bribed by gamblers to lose their first round game in the NIT. This same Kentucky team went on to win the NCAA. In 1950, City College of New York", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872880", "score": "0.98726845", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Basketball", "text": "championship for NCAA teams, the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in New York, was organized in 1938; the NCAA national tournament would begin one year later. College basketball was rocked by gambling scandals from 1948 to 1951, when dozens of players from top teams were implicated in match fixing and point shaving. Partially spurred by an association with cheating, the NIT lost support to the NCAA tournament. Before widespread school district consolidation, most American high schools were far smaller than their present-day counterparts. During the first decades of the 20th century, basketball quickly became the ideal interscholastic sport due to its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "42552", "score": "0.98663616", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mythical national championship", "text": "gambling scandals, the NIT was still considered a quality tournament for some time afterward. The NCAA built on the momentum of three consecutive Red Cross \"mythical national championship\" game victories over the NIT, eventually outmaneuvering the NIT by adeptly avoiding permanent damage from the 1951 gambling and point-shaving scandals and by adding more teams. As the NCAA Tournament steadily gained preeminence and became the sole source of naming the national champion, winners of the NCAA Tournament during those early years were given the same level of honor. Many schools claim or recognize pre-tournament era national college basketball championships by virtue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7963658", "score": "0.9832782", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "1979 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament", "text": "(respectively, the Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics) was a major factor in the league's renaissance in the 1980s and 1990s. The game also led to the \"modern era\" of college basketball, as it introduced a nationwide audience to a sport that was once relegated to second-class status in the sports world. With the loss in the championship game, Indiana State has finished as the National Runner-up in the NAIA (1946 and 1948), NCAA Division I (1979), and the NCAA Division II (1968) making them the only school to do so. This was the first tournament in which all teams", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7357675", "score": "0.9815725", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "from 1980 through 2001 is the same, eliminating the eight-game \"play-in\" opening round where teams played to qualify for second round games against the top eight seeds used 2002–2006. The tournament features four eight-team regions. The format won't affect the NIT's automatic bid to any regular-season conference champion that do not make the NCAA's field of 68, since 2011. Seven teams earned an NIT bid that way in 2006. A new attendance record for an NIT game was set at Syracuse University's Carrier Dome on March 19, 2007, at the Syracuse-San Diego State game. Syracuse won the game 80–64 with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872899", "score": "0.9794942", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "National Invitation Tournament The National Invitation Tournament (NIT) is a men's college basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City each March and April, it was founded in 1938 and was originally the most prestigious post-season showcase for college basketball. Over time it became eclipsed by the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament – known today informally as \"March Madness\". The NIT has since been regarded more as a \"consolation\" tournament for teams that did not receive a berth in the NCAA tournament. A second, much more recent \"NIT\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872876", "score": "0.9755374", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "Meyer as not just benefit games, but as \"really the games for the national championship\". The NCAA champion prevailed in all three games. The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively selected the NIT champion as its national champion for 1938 (Temple), and chose the NIT champion over the NCAA champion once, in 1939 (Long Island). More recently, the mathematically based Premo-Porretta Power Poll published in the \"ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia\" retroactively ranked teams for each season prior to 1949, with the NIT champion finishing ahead of the NCAA champion in 1939 and 1941. Premo-Porretta ranks four NCAA champions as the best for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872882", "score": "0.97419274", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Big East Conference (1979–2013)", "text": "1985 success was nearly duplicated in 1987, when Syracuse and a surprising Providence both made the Final Four, followed by the Orangemen's narrow loss to Indiana University in the tournament final. Two years later, the Seton Hall Pirates also advanced to the NCAA Championship Game, but were defeated by the Michigan Wolverines in an overtime heartbreaker. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Georgetown, Villanova, St. John's, and Syracuse were the primary powers in the conference. UConn became a power in 1990 with a # 1 seed and a trip to the Elite 8 before being defeated by Duke. Georgetown was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "839554", "score": "0.9690599", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "College Basketball on CBS", "text": "the March 24 game (Notre Dame-North Carolina) went up against the first NCAA Final Four game. In 1974, CBS covered went from covering four to covering five games in the NIT. The March 16 doubleheader (Md E Shore-Manhattan and Purdue-North Carolina) went up against the NCAA regional finals on NBC. Meanwhile, the March 23 doubleheader (Purdue-Jacksonville and Utah-Boston College) went head-to-head against the NCAA Final Four. In 1975, CBS did not cover any NIT games on the first weekend, but did carry the semifinals and finals. The March 22 doubleheader (Providence-St John's and Princeton-Oregon) went head-to-head with the NCAA regional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12711551", "score": "0.9685774", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Tobacco Road (rivalry)", "text": "the same tournament 4 times (1991, 2003, 2004, 2005). Prior to the 2014 NCAA Tournament, at least one of the teams had made the Sweet 16 since 1979. Aside from the ACC Tournament, the four schools have only played each other in the postseason twice, never in the NCAA tournament. The only two times came in the NIT Tournament: Wake beat NC State in a semifinal game of the 2000 NIT Tournament and went on to win the tournament, and UNC beat Duke in a semifinal game of the 1971 NIT Tournament, also winning the tournament. The four schools have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4262571", "score": "0.9673023", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "was created by basketball's inventor Dr. James Naismith, and one year before the NCAA Tournament. The first NIT was won by the Temple University Owls over the Colorado Buffaloes. Responsibility for the NIT's administration was transferred in 1940 to the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Committee, a body of local New York colleges: Fordham University, Manhattan College, New York University, St. John's University, and Wagner College. This became the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association (MIBA) in 1948. Originally the tournament invited a field of 6 teams, with all games played at Madison Square Garden in downtown Manhattan. The field was expanded to 8", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872878", "score": "0.9652126", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "College Basketball on CBS", "text": "the early part of this era (circa 1966-1968), CBS carried one game on the opening Saturday and the championship game the following Saturday. By 1969, CBS moved their first round coverage from Saturday to Sunday to avoid conflicting with the NCAA tournament regional finals coverage on NBC. In the process, the NIT title game went head-to-head with the NCAA consolation game. The same would be true on both counts for the next three years. In 1973, CBS expanded their NIT coverage to four games. The March 17 game (Notre Dame-USC) went up against an NCAA regional final on NBC. Meanwhile,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12711550", "score": "0.96185374", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Peter A. Carlesimo", "text": "now have more of a financial stake from ticket sales. Carlesimo went on to become the first full-time executive director of the NIT from 1978 to 1988, and in 1985, under Carlesimo's leadership, the NIT began a preseason tournament which included many of the country's best teams along with teams which have used the tournament as a springboard to much better seasons. He is still considered to be one of the most influential persons in the long and storied history of the NIT. He is a member of the University of Scranton's Athletic Hall of Fame, the Fordham University Athletic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7347781", "score": "0.9611153", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "NIT bids by school and conference", "text": "Western when it won its NCAA title in 1966. NIT bids by school and conference This is a list of NIT bids by school (divided by their current conference affiliation). As of the 2014 tournament, 269 schools have made appearances in the tournament. The eleven schools whose names are listed in the last table are no longer in NCAA Division I Men's Basketball, and can no longer be included in the tournament. The years listed are the last tournament year a school has reached a certain round of the NIT. Note also that some schools have NIT tournament appearances under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9839193", "score": "0.96073526", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "name only. Neither the NWIT nor WNIT was connected with MIBA, and the WNIT was not purchased by the NCAA. National Invitation Tournament The National Invitation Tournament (NIT) is a men's college basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City each March and April, it was founded in 1938 and was originally the most prestigious post-season showcase for college basketball. Over time it became eclipsed by the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament – known today informally as \"March Madness\". The NIT has since been regarded more as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872901", "score": "0.9596184", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "National Invitation Tournament", "text": "get bids to enter either tournament, which was not uncommon in that day. In any case, since the mid-1950s, the NCAA tournament has been popularly regarded by most individuals as the major post season tourney, with conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams participating in it. Nevertheless, as late as 1970, Coach Al McGuire of Marquette, the 8th-ranked team in the final AP poll of the season, spurned an NCAA at-large invitation because the Warriors were going to be placed in the NCAA Midwest Regional (Fort Worth, Texas) instead of closer to home in the Mideast Regional (Dayton,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2872884", "score": "0.95621765", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]