Datasets:

DKYoon

/

SlimPajama-6B

like 41

As we reach mid-December, roads and airports are becoming increasingly busy as the holidays approach. The Maritimes have been relative fortunate; but the travelling public should modify any plans to take into consideration the rather complicated storm that will impact the region today and Tuesday. A warm front will initially spread bands of snow into central and western areas today. This will change to ice pellets and freezing rain through the late afternoon, evening and overnight hours, and ultimately to rain in most of Mainland Nova Scotia and the Fundy coast of New Brunswick. Elsewhere in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton, this changeover may be brief, since a new low pressure system will be developing on the front, and intensifying while it moves southeast. This will change the winds from southeast to northeast.. resulting in much of the rain changing back to snow. Winds will be strongest with the rain, with southeast winds likely gusting to 70-80km/h. This could result in some power outages, but not likely widespread. However, the freezing rain in central New Brunswick may also result in power disruptions. The northeast winds that will develop later Tuesday and Tuesday night gusting to 70km/h will result in reduced visibilities in blowing snow. Snowfalls will be highest in Northern New Brunswick (20 to 30cm); but eastern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton are also at risk to get more than 15cm. The mixed precipitation makes the snow depth difficult to forecast (and difficult to remove). In Halifax and along the Atlantic coast of the Mainland and the Fundy coast of New Brunswick, there will be a bit of snow today, and mixed precipitation tonight and again Tuesday night that may make roads greasy. However, there should not be much total accumulation of snow, since 30 to 40mm of rain is expected. No shovel needed. Driving will be slick in places today, but increasingly hazardous tonight and Tuesday, regardless of the precipitation type. Even wind and rain in Nova Scotia will make driving somewhat hazardous. Best to postpone travel plans if you can, since the rest of the week should be better. Jim has spent about 40 years in the weather business. He has been an operational forecaster from Halifax to Whitehorse. Jim started the Canadian Hurricane Centre, and has flown into a couple of these storms. As a senior executive within Environment Canada, Jim has managed weather research, weather services, and weather/water/climate observing programs. Retired from Environment Canada, Jim is the Atlantic Director for the Canadian Climate Forum, the president of the Halifax chapter of the Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society, a partner in Climaction Services, and a part-time meteorologist on CBC radio. He is still participating in national and international activities related to weather preparedness. Having witnessed unprecedented advances in the science and technology of meteorology. Jim hopes that this blog will also be educational; enabling users to better understand weather-related phenomena, better interpret available information, and ultimately better able to make decisions to protect themselves, their family and their property. Jim welcomes any questions and suggestions. The Future of the BLIP?

vacant Dutch cruiser title and sole profight on a martial arts show. McIntosh, a sub for Gabriel Campillo, is down on points 96-93 on all cards, but comes back in the tenth, hurts and floors Karl in the eleventh to force stoppage. Vacant EBU title at stake. Sebire retires with injured shoulder. WIBF bantam title, scored 96-94 twice for Finer and 96-95 for Szikora. they weighed in but then what? 59-57 twice for Farias and 57-56 for Bone. 97-93, 96-94 and 95-95, vacant IBO Youth welter title.

Every Child Deserves the Dignity of a Restful Night's Sleep: Space of Her Own (SOHO) In February, Social4Good Will Help Transform 37 Girls' Spaces Into Places Where Dreams Are Made! Today, more than 1 in 4 children under the age of 18 live in poverty in the Washington, DC area. Living in poverty is linked with a greater risk for poor academic achievement, school dropout, abuse and neglect, and behavioral and socio-emotional problems. Space of Her Own (SOHO) seeks to close this gap by empowering vulnerable preteen girls through one-on-one mentoring, visual arts, carpentry and STEM. Each week, SOHO girls demonstrate that given strong mentor relationships and tools for self-expression and growth, they can build the strength and resilience to thrive! SOHO's program culminates in a spring space transformation where each mentor and mentee work to create a "space of her own" to sleep, study, and relax. That's where Social4Good comes in! S4G's goal in February is to provide each of the 37 girls with new bedding and cleaning and household supplies for their families. Financial donations will provide each mentor with funds to shop with their mentee to select sheets to create each girl's dream space and items needed to support the space transformation and families. Interested in making a financial donation? No need to sleep on it! Financial donations can be made for Space of Her Own up until the end of February. 100% of your donations through Grapevine will be used to support the work in SOHO. Why Mentoring is Important - SOHO's philosophy: Space of Her Own embraces the concept that strong, positive, one-on-one relationships with understanding adults serve as the foundation for social and emotional growth in children. It is their belief that every child benefits from having a mentor in his or her life, and that a caring adult can help nurture and guide the child along the path to adulthood. For this reason, each mentor is matched with an individual girl in each of our programs. on January 29, 2023 No comments: Open Doors to New Opportunities this New Year With the English Empowerment Center Social4Good's Goal: Provide Scholarships to 40 Adult English-Language Learners Participating in the English Empowerment Center's Educational Programs and Help Open Doors to Opportunity! Deadline to Donate: January 31, 2023 One in five U.S. adults have low literacy skills and that non-U.S.-born adults comprise 34% of the U.S. population with low literacy skills? 39% of Fairfax County residents speak a language other than English at home and 14% of Fairfax County residents struggle with the English language? In Fairfax County, where the cost of living is high and employers demand English language proficiency, literacy is critical to economic self-sufficiency. You can help deliver the gift of literacy this new year. Donate to S4G's January project to support the English Empowerment Center (EEC). The English Empowerment Center is a nonprofit organization that provides adult learners with language building programs and classes. To contribute, S4G members are not only making financial donations, but also personally delivering classroom binders to local students in the community. We are Thankful for Your Donations! Financial Donation can be made via Grapevine through January 31st. 100% of your donation will be sent to the English Empowerment Center to support local students and EEC's ongoing programs in our community. Click here to donate or use the following QR Code. English Empowerment Center (formerly Literacy Council of Northern Virginia) (EEC) Each year EEC serves more than 1,500 adult English language learners from 90 different countries who speak 50 different languages. Students work to improve their English speaking, reading, writing and comprehension skills which empowers them to change their lives, become more active in their children's lives, and access more opportunities.

Rubberneckin' Singles Collection Released in The Netherlands only is a special box set of Paul Oakenfold's Rubberneckin' Remix. Design This design uses the same image as the various single releases of this single. Elvis with a bar over his head. But the design of this box is what you buy this package for. It opens like an old fashioned double album. Inside you find the three versions of the single, the 2 track card box, the standard 3 track single and the digi pack version of the 3 track single. All strapped to the inside. The back side holds the vinyl 12 Inch promo version of the single, a nice 'little' bonus. Content We described the content of the Rubberneckin' release in our first review of the single release (see link below). In this review we will look at the box itself. The content of this package can be described in two ways. The first one is "much of the same" since you get the same songs (remix, extended remix and original version of Rubberneckin') various times. The second one is "the complete package". Most fans buy various versions of the single anyway for their collection. Buying this version they have all CD-singles and the vinyl (promo) edition. Conclusion Overall very well done, and a very collectible version of this single release. BMG Netherlands did a very good job for the fans, and hopefully for Elvis too, a special edition like this might boost the sales (just like the various versions of the Suspicious Minds single in 1999) helping Elvis to yet another chart success. Rubberneckin' Review ← Between Takes With Elvis Lisa Marie Presley Live At The House Of Blues, Las Vegas → I am Buffalo-Horn! (profile/ contact) wrote on Sep 20, 2003report abuse The Dutch Rubberneckin' set is very nice & extremely good value for money, but I feel I ought to point out that it is not really a BOX set as such - as you say, it's a double LP cover with 3 card holders for the CDs. Not really being pedantic, but I was a bit surprised when my copy arrived this morning that it wasn't in a box! 8735 (profile/ contact) wrote on Sep 19, 2003report abuse Is an Elvis Presley single again in the first place of the charts and I hope that break with the singles and to have 19 Elvis singles in all times instead of 18 singles. I hope that the Elvis fans love this single that is so beautiful in the Elvis Presley´s voice. Design and content are great. Content is the same because Elvis is in the heaven. Design is great. Love the video that put the one and only Human being and the king of music.Not only of rock and roll

Forgot to grab the meterage from my bike computer, but I did get some kilometers in on Friday. This weekend, Fluffy was in Iowa and fightertype and uteck were enjoying their anniversary weekend, so I was babysitting four dogs, including one who was senile and one who is still learning the joys of bladder control. Hasn't gotten there yet, but it is really hard to get anything done when you are watching that many dogs. I did get some writing on My Father's Bike but I'm getting more and more unhappy with it as a whole. It doesn't really feel… fully formed, I guess is a way of saying it. I might be just letting it drift a bit more while I work on CuteGod for a little bit. If I'm still having trouble writing it by the end of June, I'll just start up my next writing project, which is fully-formed and ready to be written. Finished up another round of Debian packaging for XSP and mod_mono. Nice to get some of my "support my community" projects done. Speaking of community, I also got much further along in my Exalted XML Schema project. I may have at least one person who thinks it is a good idea. Now to get Anathema to import/export and maybe get someone to write a charm editor. Well, its a dream at least. Gaming was pretty fun. Characters almost died, heroic rescues were enacted. Traps were there and I think I got the right mix of dangerous and solvable. Most of the time, they are either "squish, you are dead!" or "I'm sorry, could you pretend to even be hampered by it?" Characters survived, but it was close. I like that actually. Having a threat of danger actually in the game instead of deus ex machima, which I'm guilty of, and reasonable attempts to save members. We did have a brief discussion about money (another blog entry coming up) and I think fightertype and I came up with an alternative. If you click on them, you'll get bigger versions. I hope you enjoy! He is a sweetie. Also, very quiet. This is a problem since he doesn't even whine to be let out or when he wants attention. Just quietly does what he is doing.

DAVIDNAKAYAMA.COM Dynamite Comics D.NA Exclusives HUMAN TARGET #12 (OF 12) CVR B DAVID NAKAYAMA VAR (MR) (06/28/2023) PICK YOUR POISON SIGNED WITH COA CGC 9.6+ YELLOW LABEL SIGNED WITH COA - $20.00 CGC 9.6+ YELLOW LABEL - $80.00 Decrease quantity for HUMAN TARGET #12 (OF 12) CVR B DAVID NAKAYAMA VAR (MR) (06/28/2023) Increase quantity for HUMAN TARGET #12 (OF 12) CVR B DAVID NAKAYAMA VAR (MR) (06/28/2023) Christopher Chance has spent the last 12 days trying to solve his own murder, with the list of suspects comprising the Justice League International. Did a hero really attempt to kill Lex Luthor? Could the Human Target have miscalculated? Is it too late to save his life?! (W) Tom King (A) Greg Smallwood (CA) David Nakayama DavidNakayama.com is powered by the Unknown Comics LLC Engine! Australia (USD $) Austria (USD $) Belgium (USD $) Canada (USD $) Czechia (USD $) Denmark (USD $) Finland (USD $) France (USD $) Germany (USD $) Hong Kong SAR (USD $) Ireland (USD $) Israel (USD $) Italy (USD $) Japan (USD $) Malaysia (USD $) Netherlands (USD $) New Zealand (USD $) Norway (USD $) Poland (USD $) Portugal (USD $) Singapore (USD $) South Korea (USD $) Spain (USD $) Sweden (USD $) Switzerland (USD $) United Arab Emirates (USD $) United Kingdom (USD $) United States (USD $) © 2023, davidnakayama Powered by Shopify

The Deaf Ministry Public Event Calendar DR. ROBERT STEPHENS - INCOMING SENIOR PASTOR FBCA App & Newsletter The Pastors' Blog Business & Admin First Baptist of Alexandria Foundation, Inc About FBCA Beliefs & Vision MyFBCA by Lindsey Paulsen I am a huge Tony Bennett fan. The last of the original interpreters of the "great American Songbook," he is, at 95, a national treasure. He has been making music and entertaining audiences for seven decades by now. Sinatra once called him the best singer that he knew. So, I was interested in the 60 Minutes segment with Anderson Cooper last Sunday night. It was about his Alzheimer's disease and his final concert this summer—at Radio Music Hall, with Lady Gaga. It had me clapping and crying at the same time. Audrey and I saw Tony at Wolf Trap five years ago and knew that it would probably be the last time for us. In typical fashion, the great crooner gave a masterful performance and had to be pulled off the stage when it was time for lights out. Now, with Alzheimer's, his speech is slow, and he is often vacant. He sits quietly while his wife, Susan, answers for him. He remembers her name, and the names of this children—but not much else, even what he did just yesterday. Yet—when the music starts on the piano, the showman is back. He's Tony Bennett again, singing song after song from memory, without notes, cue cards, or sheet music. In the concert with Lady Gaga in August, he was once again brilliant. He called her by her name for the first time in months. He didn't miss a note. Music is the last thing to go, it seems. There's a place in the brain, even a tragically diseased brain, where songs exist and long endure. Lyrics and melodies from our coming-of-age years persist there. When names and experiences can no longer be recalled, it will be the melodies that linger on. It was the same with Glen Campbell. Maybe someone you know, too. What will be the music that you remember when you can no longer recall your name? My son kids me and says that he will be reciting rap songs—but I doubt it. Where's the art and the beauty in that? For me, it will be some of Tony Bennett's repertoire for sure. Cole Porter and Gershwin classics. Plus, James Taylor, the Beatles, Kenny Rogers, and Motown. I can hear some of that stuff on Sirius radio, and songs I've not heard in 20 years come back instantly, word for word. But also, Christian music. The old hymns we sang in my church when I was a child. The music we performed in youth choir when I was a teenager. It's all still there, somewhere deep in my brain and my soul—coming out in phrases sung and sometimes whistled. Lyrics that bring me to tears when they are heard again just when it seems I need them most. Good music has a way of sticking with you—and bad music, too, I suppose. So, it is best to put in the good while you are young. To "sing and make melody in your heart to the LORD" (Ephesians 5:19) every chance you can now—so it will be there for you when you face the darkest moments of your life. Or dark confusion itself. So deep in your heart, it's really a part of you. Roger McGee and his excellent music staff are trying to help us—children, teenagers, and adults of all ages—to form those lasting connections with great music from several ages. I'll always be grateful for that! And on some foggy day in the long distant future, you may find that you are grateful, too. Shepherd the Flock! A Prayer for 2023 Happy New Year!Shepherd the Flock!Take FlightWe are here! Who'd a Thought?A Snapshot into FBCA Youth MinistryFreedom! Who is Jesse McCain and What Does He Do?Winter DoldrumsHow's Your Heart?R You Being Renewed? Speaking with LoveBeing BeatitudinalOur Words MatterEducation & RelationshipMissions Update – Rodeo Grande, Nicaragua Lost and FoundMaundy Thursday Thoughts: "The New Commandment"From My HeartAfraid? The Holy SpiritThe Journey to AmenA Living HopeGood Grief The Wheels on the Bus...Not So Lazy DaysThe Valley of RefreshmentImpressions from the SBC Annual ConventionSummer Refresh Why Missions?When I Don't Know What to PrayTime for Your Mid-year Check-upGod is My Refuge Choosing the LightAn Escalator ExperienceWe Need More Groups!Hallelujah!Sisters, Sisters Give Us This Day Our Daily BreadEvery Minute We Are in It!Why Relationships Matter - Part 1The Waiting Game Why Relationships Matter - Part 2What Work Does God Require of You?Imagine yourself at 75 years of age!Our Church Our Community Values and Goals Protect us from AimlessnessWho Are We Called to Be?Reflections from HamptonCount Our Many BlessingsTracing our Roots A Christmas Carol ControversyEmbracing the Never-the-less-ness of GodMary\'s SongA Prayer for 2023 It's Janus TimeSometimes I Hear God's Music"Turn on Your Heart Light Now" Our COVID ChronicleNotes on PrayerIce and AshesOpen House Ancestry.comOur Covid YearOn Pins and Needlesramblin' into spring...Telling the Old, Old Story Stuck in the Middle with YouAh, Yes, I Remember It WellIn Summing UpThe Check Is in the Mail All in the Family"A Tale of a Fateful Trip"Put On a Happy FaceNight Light ramblin'...with don(nie) davidsonThe Man in the ArenaCat's in the CradleThe ConventionThe Introverted Pastor "Fill 'Er Up"The Final FrontierParks and Re-CreationTwo Days in July AftermathGaining the Upper Hand"Let's Get Together and Feel Alright"Leaving on a Jet Planeramblin'...with don davidson Alarmed!"With Arms Wide Open"Retirement and Next Steps Q&A with Pastor DonOnce Upon a Time Movers and ShakersThey Can't Take That Away from MeAmazing Grace Gun-ShyDeacons At First Baptist, AlexandriaYou Had Me From "Hello""Now Thank We All Our God" Pastor Don 9am-5pm Mon-Fri 2932 King St. In Person: Sundays: 9:30 & 11am Live Stream: Sundays at 11am Stay connected via social media or the newsletter!

Whether you are a beauty professional looking to improve your current skill set or just someone who is looking to enhance her overall look, the GlamBox Beauty Studio is here for you! WORKSHOP SCHEDULE : Please Contact Our Hotline for the latest updates. Schedule is subject to change on the studio's prerogative. Should there be any changes, the studio will coordinate with you accordingly. GlamBox airbrush demo kits and color testers will be provided for all airbrush classes. Our studio provides traditional makeup classes from various perspectives, covering the basics as well as alternative and abstract beauty styles. and we will send you a proposal. ONE ON ONE CLASSES: We also accept students for one on one workshops. Please let us now what classes you are interested in. We also have other special workshop events with other partners from time to time so please just stay tune for updates. If you are interested in a specific beauty class that is not listed here, don't hesitate to let us know. We will try our best to accommodate your requests and we are always open to suggestions. We apologize if we cannot answer your inquires via the comment section here immediately. Hm po for a traditional make up class? how much is the fee for hair and airbrush makeup? hm po for traditional make up? do u have appoinent early june?

Al Franken Can't Say Whether More Women Will Accuse Him of Harassment Ola Olugbemi After being accused by four women of sexual misconduct, Sen. Al Franken can't say if there will be others who come out against him. Since morning news anchor and model, Leeann Tweeden, published a damning photograph of Sen. Franken and accused him of forcibly kissing her, three other women have spoken out against him for grabbing their butts while taking pictures at the State Fair. Sen. Franken has since apologized for making his accusers feel "uncomfortable" and stated that he wants "to be a better man," according to a statement he gave to Minneapolis Public Radio. Although Sen. Franken apologised to his accusers, it is difficult to see what in fact he is apologizing for, considering he says that he doesn't remember any of the things he is being accused of -- save the one where there's picture evidence. Instead, he seemed to apologize for the way that his accusers felt about him, claiming that while he did not remember grabbing anyone's butt, he "respected" the women for speaking out, according to the Washington Post."I would never intentionally" grope anyone, [but] we have to listen to women and respect what they say," he claimed. The Post reports: Interviewer Cathy Wurzer asked Franken if more women might step forward "to accuse you of groping, patting, whatever, or is this it?""If you had said to me two weeks ago that a woman was going to say that I had made her uncomfortable and disrespected her in one of these ways I would have said 'no,'" Franken responded. He added, "So, you know, I don't know. I can't say." He continued his radio interview by stating, "I take photographs at the State Fair with thousands of people," and finished with, "I'm someone who, you know, hugs people. I've learned from these stories that in some of these encounters I have crossed the line for some women." Why, there it is, Franken. "Crossing the line" is what you apologize for! Sen. Al Franken sexual assault allegations

Q: How to output Nexus3 logs in JSON format? I'm have successfully deployed Nexus3 on openshift cluster via Nexus3 Helm Chart. In order to feed the nexus container logs in the EFK stack I want nexus container to output logs in JSON format. I'm unable to find some documentation to change the logging format for Nexus3. How can I modify the configurations in image so that the std output is in JSON and easily parsed?

I was at a friend Richard's house for dinner the other night and he did something interesting. It was one of those random potluck dinners where Richard knew each of the guests he invited (duh), but none of the guests knew each other. We were all somewhere in the earlier phases of careers across a smattering of interests - business, education, energy, academia, etc etc. As everyone settled in (getting through those ever-awkward "Hi, I'm __ , my day job is__ and I enjoy long walks on the beach, how about you?"), Richard brought in a guest to speak. His name was Jeff, a man in his mid-fifties and successful executive of several Fortune 100 companies. From Richard's introduction, it seemed like Jeff had "made it" - picked the right roles at the right companies to ride into the right career. A bunch of right decisions. Richard then put Jeff on the spot, asking him tell everyone 1 thing he wish he knew 30 years ago - when he was choosing between what jobs, jumps, and careers to take on. Jeff's advice: choose what's hard. He described joining a Boston-based tech company out of college, rising up the ranks for a few years before being asked an unenviable task: head to France, work with labor unions and help turn around a fledging piece of the company overseas. Jeff said it was as tough as he thought it would be. But it was even more than that - it was taxing, perplexing, frightening, filled with challenges that appeared only when he landed on the ground in Paris. I wondered how quickly I would have second-guessed that decision, grabbed a baguette and a flight back to Boston. And yet Jeff said the decision wasn't the wrong one - it was, looking back, the best one he could have made: it was that hard, ugly, no fun sludge of work that crafted his skills, honed his abilities, opened his eyes in ways that would shape every step that came later in his career (and life). On the podcast a couple months back, former eBay CEO John Donahoe said the same thing: as humans we naturally want to avoid hard situations. But that is where we grow. That is where we form our DNA, our fabric to who we are. We don't get that when the going is green pastures. We get it when the going gets tough. Jeff wrapped up his point with a suggestion: when you're faced with a new opportunity, and you're deciding between taking a jump for it, or staying the course, ask yourself which path would be more tough. Which path would be harder. And then take that one.

A judge ruled this week that a Rochester police officer was in the wrong when he advised a man he could break into his ex-girlfriend's house to recover his possessions. Catherine Bonner was arrested in November after the encounter at her address on Genesee Park Boulevard. The ex had gone there to collect his things after their break-up, and called police when Bonner wouldn't let him inside. Bonner's lawyer has released body cam footage from Officer Korey McNees in which McNees is heard advising the ex-boyfriend to break in. The judge ordered the evidence of the rifle and statements Bonner made to police surpressed from her trial. Officer McNees is still on duty. A new training memo has been issued for officers in similar situations.

An essential tool for professional results, the RMS Skin2Skin Blush Brush evenly distributes blusher to add a flush of color to your cheeks. Combining durability and high performance, its ultra-soft bristles are crafted from high quality synthetic fibres to deliver a sheer veil of color that blends with existing make-up for an airbrushed effect. Sweep the brush across the contours and apples of your cheeks to achieve a radiant glow.

Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance. It also includes the freedom to change one's religion or beliefs. Some of the historical exceptions have been in regions where one of the revealed religions has been in a position of power: Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Islam. Others have been where the established order has felt threatened, as shown in the trial of Socrates in 399 BC or where the ruler has been deified, as in Rome, and refusal to offer token sacrifice was similar to refusing to take an oath of allegiance. This was the core for resentment and the persecution of early Christian communities. Religious pluralism existed in classical Islamic ethics and Sharia, as the religious laws and courts of other religions, including Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism, were usually accommodated within the Islamic legal framework, as seen in the early Caliphate, Al-Andalus, Indian subcontinent, and the Ottoman Millet system.] In medieval Islamic societies, the qadi (Islamic judges) usually could not interfere in the matters of non-Muslims unless the parties voluntarily choose to be judged according to Islamic law, thus the dhimmi communities living in Islamic states usually had their own laws independent from the Sharia law, such as the Jews who would have their own Halakha courts. The Dalai Lama, the Tibetan leader in exile, said that religious tolerance of 'Aryabhoomi,' a reference to India found in the Mahabharata, has been in existence in this country from thousands of years. "Not only Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism which are the native religions but also Christianity and Islam have flourished here. Religious tolerance is inherent in Indian tradition," the Dalai Lama said. Freedom of religion in contemporary India is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 25 of the nation's constitution. Accordingly, every citizen of India has a right to profess, practice and propagate their religions peacefully. Vishwa Hindu Parishad counters this argument by saying that evangelical Christians are forcefully (or through money) converting rural, illiterate populations and they are only trying to stop this. In 1414, Jan Hus, a Bohemian preacher of reformation, was given a safe conduct by the Holy Roman Emperor to attend the Council of Constance. Not entirely trusting in his safety, he made his will before he left. His forebodings proved accurate, and he was burned at the stake on 6 July 1415. The Council also decreed that Wycliffe's remains be disinterred and cast out. This decree was not carried out until 1429. Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic) enjoyed religious freedom between 1436 and 1520, and became one of the most liberal countries of the Christian world during that period of time. The so-called Basel Compacts of 1436 declared the freedom of religion and peace between Catholics and Utraquists. In 1609 Emperor Rudolf II granted Bohemia greater religious liberty with his Letter of Majesty. The privileged position of the Catholic Church in the Czech kingdom was firmly established after the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. Gradually freedom of religion in Bohemian lands came to an end and Protestants fled or were expelled from the country. A devout Catholic, Emperor Ferdinand II forcibly converted Austrian and Bohemian Protestants. Also the Unitarians (despite of being one of the "accepted religions") started to be put under an ever-growing pressure, which culminated after the Habsburg conquest of Transylvania (1691), Also after the Habsburg occupation, the new Austrian masters forced in the middle of the 18th century the Hutterite Anabaptists (who found a safe heaven in 1621 in Transylvania, after the persecution to which they were subjected in the Austrian provinces and Moravia) to convert to Catholicism or to migrate in another country, which finally the Anabaptists did, leaving Transylvania and Hungary for Wallachia, than from there to Russia, and finally in the United States. In 1993, the UN's human rights committee declared that article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights "protects theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any religion or belief." The committee further stated that "the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief necessarily entails the freedom to choose a religion or belief, including the right to replace one's current religion or belief with another or to adopt atheistic views." Signatories to the convention are barred from "the use of threat of physical force or penal sanctions to compel believers or non-believers" to recant their beliefs or convert. Despite this, minority religions still are persecuted in many parts of the world.

Manchester United center back Phil Jones has admitted that the team were a 'laughing stock' under former manager Jose Mourinho, but insisted that the club is now on the right path. Mourinho was sacked by the club in December with United in sixth place in the Premier League and 11 points adrift of the top four. But under caretaker manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer, Jones believes everyone now has to 'take them seriously'. As quoted by Goal, the defender who this week signed a new four-year deal said: "Everyone's got to take us seriously now. We might have been a bit of a laughing stock at the beginning of the season but we're certainly not now. "We've proven that in the last 10 or 12 games. We're improving, we're still getting better." Jones isn't wrong - the transformation under Solskjaer has been remarkable - as the Red Devils are now unbeaten in 11 matches in all competitions after Saturday's impressive 3-0 win over Fulham. Paul Pogba played a huge part in Mourinho's Manchester soap opera and his form in particular under Solskjaer - scoring eight goals in 10 games - is a shining example of the team's improvement following the restraints of old regime. "It was tough for everyone involved. The club, the supporters, everyone. But it's about becoming stronger and seeing that through," Jones added. The England international defender has said that the turnaround in United's form and performances wasn't a surprise for him, adding: "We knew we could get into the top four. It's a big statement from where we were. We just need to keep improving and keep picking up points. "Consistency is key in any sport and it's no different here. We're putting a run together, we need to keep momentum going and pick up points." The Red Devils are now in fourth place, a point ahead of Arsenal and Chelsea and have a huge month ahead on three fronts, as Solskjaer prepares for the visit of Paris Saint-Germain for the first leg of the Champions League last 16 tie on Tuesday. United will then travel to Stamford Bridge for the FA Cup fifth round tie against Chelsea on Monday before a home match against title challengers Liverpool the following weekend, but Jones is unfazed by the upcoming fixtures. "It's a tough period coming up, but these are the games you want to play in, the games you want to be available for. Bring it on!"

Cobham Wireless have launched the 2201R - a lightweight and portable mobile tester ideal for testing GSM-R radios for railway communications. Rigol 2000A + 4000 Series Bundled Option Sale! Rohde & Schwarz is hosting Demystifying EMC 2016 on Monday January 18th 2016 at the Royal Berkshire Conference Centre, at Reading's Madjeski Stadium.

Harts replaced our bathroom with a brand new wetroom, which was designed just for us. The overall the service was very good and we could not be happier. The fitter Paul was very friendly, helpful and always went the extra mile for us. My wife and I are very pleased with the new wetroom and the quality of the work. We would definitely recommend Harts to all of our family and friends.

static NSString * const CDRBuildVersionKey = @"CDRBuildVersionSHA"; #pragma mark - Helpers BOOL CDRClassIsOfType(Class class, const char * const className) { Protocol * protocol = NSProtocolFromString([NSString stringWithCString:className encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]); if (strcmp(className, class_getName(class))) { while (class) { if (class_conformsToProtocol(class, protocol)) { return YES; } class = class_getSuperclass(class); } } return NO; } NSArray *CDRSelectClasses(BOOL (^classSelectionPredicate)(Class class)) { unsigned int numberOfClasses = objc_getClassList(NULL, 0); Class classes[numberOfClasses]; numberOfClasses = objc_getClassList(classes, numberOfClasses); NSMutableArray *selectedClasses = [NSMutableArray array]; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < numberOfClasses; ++i) { Class class = classes[i]; if (classSelectionPredicate(class)) { [class retain]; [selectedClasses addObject:class]; [class release]; } } return selectedClasses; } NSString *CDRVersionString() { NSString *releaseVersion = nil, *versionDetails = nil; releaseVersion = CDRVersion; #if COCOAPODS versionDetails = @"from CocoaPods"; #endif if (!versionDetails) { NSBundle *cedarFrameworkBundle = [NSBundle bundleForClass:[CDRSpec class]]; versionDetails = [cedarFrameworkBundle objectForInfoDictionaryKey:CDRBuildVersionKey]; } return [releaseVersion stringByAppendingFormat:@" (%@)", versionDetails]; } #pragma mark - Globals void CDRDefineSharedExampleGroups() { NSArray *sharedExampleGroupPoolClasses = CDRSelectClasses(^(Class class) { return CDRClassIsOfType(class, "CDRSharedExampleGroupPool"); }); for (Class class in sharedExampleGroupPoolClasses) { CDRSharedExampleGroupPool *sharedExampleGroupPool = [[class alloc] init]; [sharedExampleGroupPool declareSharedExampleGroups]; [sharedExampleGroupPool release]; } } BOOL CDRClassHasClassMethod(Class class, SEL selector) { if (strcmp("UIAccessibilitySafeCategory__NSObject", class_getName(class))) { return !!class_getClassMethod(class, selector); } return NO; } void CDRDefineGlobalBeforeAndAfterEachBlocks() { [CDRSpecHelper specHelper].globalBeforeEachClasses = CDRSelectClasses(^BOOL(Class class) { return CDRClassHasClassMethod(class, @selector(beforeEach)); }); [CDRSpecHelper specHelper].globalAfterEachClasses = CDRSelectClasses(^BOOL(Class class) { return CDRClassHasClassMethod(class, @selector(afterEach)); }); } #pragma mark - Reporters NSArray *CDRReporterClassesFromEnv(const char *defaultReporterClassName) { const char *reporterClassNamesCsv = getenv("CEDAR_REPORTER_CLASS"); if (!reporterClassNamesCsv) { reporterClassNamesCsv = defaultReporterClassName; } NSString *objCClassNames = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:reporterClassNamesCsv]; NSArray *reporterClassNames = [objCClassNames componentsSeparatedByString:@","]; NSMutableArray *reporterClasses = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:[reporterClassNames count]]; for (NSString *reporterClassName in reporterClassNames) { Class reporterClass = [NSClassFromString(reporterClassName) retain]; if (!reporterClass) { printf("***** The specified reporter class \"%s\" does not exist. *****\n", [reporterClassName cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]); return nil; } [reporterClasses addObject:reporterClass]; [reporterClass release]; } return reporterClasses; } NSArray *CDRReportersFromEnv(const char *defaultReporterClassName) { NSArray *reporterClasses = CDRReporterClassesFromEnv(defaultReporterClassName); NSMutableArray *reporters = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:reporterClasses.count]; for (Class reporterClass in reporterClasses) { id<CDRExampleReporter> reporter = nil; if ([reporterClass instancesRespondToSelector:@selector(initWithCedarVersion:)]) { reporter = [[[reporterClass alloc] initWithCedarVersion:CDRVersionString()] autorelease]; } else { reporter = [[[reporterClass alloc] init] autorelease]; } [reporters addObject:reporter]; } return reporters; } #pragma mark - Spec running void CDRSuppressStandardPipesWhileLoadingClasses() { if (getenv("CEDAR_VERBOSE")) { int saved_stdout = dup(STDOUT_FILENO); int saved_stderr = dup(STDERR_FILENO); freopen("/dev/null", "w", stdout); freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr); unsigned int count = 0; Class *classes = objc_copyClassList(&count); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (class_respondsToSelector(classes[i], @selector(initialize))) { [classes[i] class]; } } free(classes); dup2(saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO); dup2(saved_stderr, STDERR_FILENO); } } NSArray *CDRSpecClassesToRun() { char *envSpecClassNames = getenv("CEDAR_SPEC_CLASSES"); if (envSpecClassNames) { NSArray *specClassNames = [[NSString stringWithUTF8String:envSpecClassNames] componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]]; NSMutableArray *specClassesToRun = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:specClassNames.count]; for (NSString *className in specClassNames) { Class specClass = NSClassFromString(className); if (specClass) { [specClassesToRun addObject:specClass]; } } return [[specClassesToRun copy] autorelease]; } return CDRSelectClasses(^(Class class) { return CDRClassIsOfType(class, "CDRSpec"); }); } NSArray *CDRSpecsFromSpecClasses(NSArray *specClasses) { NSMutableArray *specs = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:specClasses.count]; for (Class class in specClasses) { CDRSpec *spec = [[class alloc] init]; [spec defineBehaviors]; [specs addObject:spec]; [spec release]; } return specs; } void CDRMarkFocusedExamplesInSpecs(NSArray *specs) { char *envSpecFile = getenv("CEDAR_SPEC_FILE"); if (envSpecFile) { NSArray *components = [[NSString stringWithUTF8String:envSpecFile] componentsSeparatedByString:@":"]; for (CDRSpec *spec in specs) { if ([spec.fileName isEqualToString:[components objectAtIndex:0]]) { [spec markAsFocusedClosestToLineNumber:[[components objectAtIndex:1] intValue]]; } } } for (CDRSpec *spec in specs) { CDRSpecHelper.specHelper.shouldOnlyRunFocused |= spec.rootGroup.hasFocusedExamples; } } void CDRMarkXcodeFocusedExamplesInSpecs(NSArray *specs, NSArray *arguments) { // Xcode gives us this: // App ... -SenTest All TestBundle.xctest // when not focused and // App ... -SenTest <SpecClass>/<TestMethod>,<SpecClass>/<TestMethod> TestBundle.xctest // when focused in the arguments list. // // The list defaults to the tests to focused UNLESS "-SenTestInvertScope YES" is // provided, in which case the tests provided should be excluded from running. NSUInteger index = [arguments indexOfObject:@"-SenTest"]; if (index == NSNotFound) { return; } NSString *examplesArgument = [arguments objectAtIndex:index + 1]; BOOL isExclusive = NO; index = [arguments indexOfObject:@"-SenTestInvertScope"]; if (index != NSNotFound) { isExclusive = [@"YES" isEqual:[arguments objectAtIndex:index + 1]]; } // TODO: should we handle the InvertScope + All case? if ([@[@"Self", @"All"] containsObject:examplesArgument]) { return; } NSMutableDictionary *testMethodNamesBySpecClass = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; for (NSString *testName in [examplesArgument componentsSeparatedByString:@","]) { NSArray *components = [testName componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"]; if (components.count > 1) { NSString *specClass = [components objectAtIndex:0]; NSString *testMethod = [components objectAtIndex:1]; NSMutableSet *testMethods = [testMethodNamesBySpecClass objectForKey:specClass]; if (!testMethods) { testMethods = [NSMutableSet set]; [testMethodNamesBySpecClass setObject:testMethods forKey:specClass]; } [testMethods addObject:testMethod]; } } CDROTestNamer *testNamer = [[CDROTestNamer alloc] init]; for (CDRSpec *spec in specs) { NSSet *methods = [testMethodNamesBySpecClass objectForKey:NSStringFromClass([spec class])]; for (CDRExampleBase *example in [spec allChildren]) { if (example.hasChildren) { continue; } example.focused = (isExclusive != [methods containsObject:[testNamer methodNameForExample:example]]); } } [testNamer release]; for (CDRSpec *spec in specs) { CDRSpecHelper.specHelper.shouldOnlyRunFocused |= spec.rootGroup.hasFocusedExamples; } } NSArray *CDRRootGroupsFromSpecs(NSArray *specs) { NSMutableArray *groups = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:specs.count]; for (CDRSpec *spec in specs) { [groups addObject:spec.rootGroup]; } return groups; } NSArray *CDRShuffleItemsInArrayWithSeed(NSArray *sortedItems, unsigned int seed) { NSMutableArray *shuffledItems = [sortedItems mutableCopy]; srand(seed); for (int i=0; i < shuffledItems.count; i++) { NSUInteger idx = rand() % shuffledItems.count; [shuffledItems exchangeObjectAtIndex:i withObjectAtIndex:idx]; } return [shuffledItems autorelease]; } NSArray *CDRPermuteSpecClassesWithSeed(NSArray *unsortedSpecClasses, unsigned int seed) { NSMutableArray *sortedSpecClasses = unsortedSpecClasses.mutableCopy; [sortedSpecClasses sortUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(Class class1, Class class2) { return [NSStringFromClass(class1) compare:NSStringFromClass(class2)]; }]; return CDRShuffleItemsInArrayWithSeed(sortedSpecClasses, seed); } unsigned int CDRGetRandomSeed() { unsigned int seed = time(NULL) % 100000 + 2; if (getenv("CEDAR_RANDOM_SEED")) { seed = [[NSString stringWithUTF8String:getenv("CEDAR_RANDOM_SEED")] intValue]; } return seed; } void __attribute__((weak)) __gcov_flush(void) { } int CDRRunSpecsWithCustomExampleReporters(NSArray *reporters) { @autoreleasepool { CDRDefineSharedExampleGroups(); CDRDefineGlobalBeforeAndAfterEachBlocks(); unsigned int seed = CDRGetRandomSeed(); NSArray *specClasses = CDRSpecClassesToRun(); NSArray *permutedSpecClasses = CDRPermuteSpecClassesWithSeed(specClasses, seed); NSArray *specs = CDRSpecsFromSpecClasses(permutedSpecClasses); CDRMarkFocusedExamplesInSpecs(specs); CDRMarkXcodeFocusedExamplesInSpecs(specs, [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] arguments]); CDRReportDispatcher *dispatcher = [[CDRReportDispatcher alloc] initWithReporters:reporters]; NSArray *groups = CDRRootGroupsFromSpecs(specs); [dispatcher runWillStartWithGroups:groups andRandomSeed:seed]; [groups makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(runWithDispatcher:) withObject:dispatcher]; [dispatcher runDidComplete]; int result = [dispatcher result]; [dispatcher release]; __gcov_flush(); return result; } } NSArray *CDRReportersToRun() { const char *defaultReporterClassName = "CDRDefaultReporter"; BOOL isTestBundle = objc_getClass("SenTestProbe") || objc_getClass("XCTestProbe"); if (isTestBundle) { // Cedar for Test Bundles hooks into XCTest's test reporting system. defaultReporterClassName = "CDRBufferedDefaultReporter"; } return CDRReportersFromEnv(defaultReporterClassName); } int CDRRunSpecs() { @autoreleasepool { NSArray *reporters = CDRReportersToRun(); if (![reporters count]) { return -999; } else { return CDRRunSpecsWithCustomExampleReporters(reporters); } } } #pragma mark - Running Test Bundles #import "CDRXTestSuite.h" #import "CDRRuntimeUtilities.h" @interface CDRXCTestSupport : NSObject - (id)testSuiteWithName:(NSString *)name; - (id)defaultTestSuite; - (id)initWithName:(NSString *)aName; - (id)CDR_original_defaultTestSuite; - (void)addTest:(id)test; @end static id CDRCreateXCTestSuite() { Class testSuiteClass = NSClassFromString(@"XCTestSuite") ?: NSClassFromString(@"SenTestSuite"); Class testSuiteSubclass = NSClassFromString(@"_CDRXTestSuite"); if (testSuiteSubclass == nil) { size_t size = class_getInstanceSize([CDRXTestSuite class]) - class_getInstanceSize([NSObject class]); testSuiteSubclass = objc_allocateClassPair(testSuiteClass, "_CDRXTestSuite", size); CDRCopyClassInternalsFromClass([CDRXTestSuite class], testSuiteSubclass); objc_registerClassPair(testSuiteSubclass); } id testSuite = [[[(id)testSuiteSubclass alloc] initWithName:@"Cedar"] autorelease]; CDRDefineSharedExampleGroups(); CDRDefineGlobalBeforeAndAfterEachBlocks(); unsigned int seed = CDRGetRandomSeed(); NSArray *specClasses = CDRSpecClassesToRun(); NSArray *permutedSpecClasses = CDRPermuteSpecClassesWithSeed(specClasses, seed); NSArray *specs = CDRSpecsFromSpecClasses(permutedSpecClasses); CDRMarkFocusedExamplesInSpecs(specs); CDRMarkXcodeFocusedExamplesInSpecs(specs, [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] arguments]); CDRReportDispatcher *dispatcher = [[[CDRReportDispatcher alloc] initWithReporters:CDRReportersToRun()] autorelease]; [testSuite setDispatcher:dispatcher]; NSArray *groups = CDRRootGroupsFromSpecs(specs); [dispatcher runWillStartWithGroups:groups andRandomSeed:seed]; for (CDRSpec *spec in specs) { [testSuite addTest:[spec testSuiteWithRandomSeed:seed dispatcher:dispatcher]]; } return testSuite; } void CDRInjectIntoXCTestRunner() { Class testSuiteClass = NSClassFromString(@"XCTestSuite") ?: NSClassFromString(@"SenTestSuite"); if (!testSuiteClass) { [[NSException exceptionWithName:@"CedarNoTestFrameworkAvailable" reason:@"You must link against either XCTest or SenTestingKit frameworks." userInfo:nil] raise]; } Class testSuiteMetaClass = object_getClass(testSuiteClass); Method m = class_getClassMethod(testSuiteClass, @selector(defaultTestSuite)); class_addMethod(testSuiteMetaClass, @selector(CDR_original_defaultTestSuite), method_getImplementation(m), method_getTypeEncoding(m)); IMP newImp = imp_implementationWithBlock(^id(id self){ id defaultSuite = [self CDR_original_defaultTestSuite]; [defaultSuite addTest:CDRCreateXCTestSuite()]; return defaultSuite; }); class_replaceMethod(testSuiteMetaClass, @selector(defaultTestSuite), newImp, method_getTypeEncoding(m)); } NSString *CDRGetTestBundleExtension() { NSString *extension = nil;; NSArray *arguments = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] arguments]; NSSet *xctestFlags = [NSSet setWithArray:@[@"-XCTest", @"-XCTestScopeFile"]]; if ([xctestFlags intersectsSet:[NSSet setWithArray:arguments]]) { extension = @".xctest"; } else if ([arguments containsObject:@"-SenTest"]) { extension = @".octest"; } return extension; }

We use cookies and other technologies to improve your experience when visiting our website. Please indicate whether you agree with our cookie policy. Read our cookie policy. You can also change the settings there. My Museum Pass Museum JAN Wim Oepts and the painters of the sunny South Until 12 February from 11:00 to 17:00 Wim Oepts and the painters of the sunny South offers a comprehensive overview of the works of artist Wim Oepts (1904-1988) and his Dutch contemporaries. Oepts is a popular painter, known for his abstracted colourful landscapes. Following the sun 'I have really been inspired by the South', said painter Wim Oepts (1904-1988). In 1937, the artist - born and bred in Amsterdam - discovered, in the picturesque fishing village of Collioure in the south of France, the magical Mediterranean light that makes the world tingle and glow with colour. Oepts settled in Paris in 1939. He felt 'liberated' in the city of light and would continue to live there until his death. Influenced by pure colourists like Pierre Bonnard, André Derain and his French teacher Othon Friesz, his art developed into an ode to colour in France. Wim Oepts and his Dutch contemporaries In addition, the exhibition includes a selection of works by other Dutch painters. For shorter or longer periods of time, these contemporaries of Oepts were also inspired by the Mediterranean light. Paintings by artists like Dirk Filarski (1885-1964), Matthieu Wiegman (1886-1971), Charles Eyck (1897-1983), Fred Sieger (1902-1999) and Otto B. de Kat (1907-1995), as well as by a later generation of artists, including Nicolaas Wijnberg (1918-2006) and Jef Diederen (1920-2009), place the work of Oepts in a broader perspective and at the same time underscore his individual, unique rendition of the sun-drenched French landscape. Included in the museum ticket. Purchase a Netherlands Museum Pass or a ticket to a museum Netherlands Museum Pass valid Show availability Time options on 1 January 2023: Add to agenda Time options on 10 January 2023: Time options on 1 February 2023: Time options on 10 February 2023: 1182 JE Amstelveen Plan route Plan route Open today until 17:00 More opening hours Opening hours next week Overview of opening hours See and Do in Museum JAN Barbara Nanning - Moving stillness Until 29 January from 11:00 to 17:00 Netherlands Museum Pass Purchase the Netherlands Museum Pass to visit more than 400 museums in the Netherlands for one year. Museum Pass prices Type of Museum Pass Adult Pass € 64,90 Young Person Pass € 32,45 Kids Pass € 32,45 Buy a Museum Pass Museum JAN also sells Netherlands Museum Passes on-site. Ticket prices Wim Oepts and the painters of the sunny South With Netherlands Museum Pass Standard tickets Museum JAN 0 t/m 12 jaar free of charge 13 t/m 18 jaar € 6,50

Sassi Holford wedding dresses are classic with a modern edge. The exquisite lines and luxurious fabrics are chosen to echo the bride's own style. Nothing is overlooked when it comes to the detail and structure – resulting in the famous Sassi Holford cut and fit. Each wedding dress features an integral corset resulting in a streamlined silhouette whilst remaining comfortable. Every Sassi Holford wedding dress is handmade in her England studio by the talented team of seamstresses, cutters and hand beaders. Her amazing gowns are coming to Bluebell Bridal exclusively in late February 2019.

Upgrade your vehicle with this rearview system. Our 7" rearview mirror replacement monitor features a full color display and 12V triggering for up to 3 camera inputs. This system includes a low profile, surface mount back up camera and a 75' installation cable. Kit includes VOM74MM monitor, VCMS140ib camera and CEC75 75' cable.

Turatia is een geslacht van vlinders van de familie dominomotten (Autostichidae), uit de onderfamilie Holcopogoninae. Soorten T. arenacella Gozmány, 2000 T. argillacea Gozmány, 2000 T. foeldvarii Gozmany, 1959 T. iranica Gozmány, 2000 T. morettii (Turati, 1926) T. namibiella Derra, 2011 T. psameticella (Rebel, 1914) T. psammella (Amsel, 1933) T. scioneura (Meyrick, 1929) T. serratina (Gozmany, 1967) T. striatula Gozmány, 2000 T. turpicula Gozmány, 2000 T. yemenensis Derra, 2008 Holcopogoninae

"My experience with Joe was incredible. I originally came to him needing help creating and sticking to a budget, which has been a source of my anxiety for years. However, Joe helped me understand my relationship with money in a deeper sense. His help was invaluable, and I am no longer preoccupied by fear of my money situation. The seven coaching sessions I had with Joe are by far one of the best investments I've ever made." "I want to thank Joe for his enormous help! He was really effective at listening to my concerns and understanding my issues as a whole. For my entire life, I always had issues with overspending and credit card debt. Of course the solution is easy - simply stop spending outside of my budget. But just because it's simple doesn't mean it's easy (at least in my experience). The tools Joe has given me has allowed me to manage my finances with confidence. As my friends have already learned, I can't recommend Joe enough!" "I couldn't be happier about my time with Money Coaching Solutions. With retirement approaching, I didn't see how I would be able to live comfortably in my later years. Joe helped guide me through his process and helped me to understand myself even better. His range and depth of financial knowledge is impressive! I've never felt better about my financial situation, and I seem to have gotten a handle on my spending habits. Now I'm trying to get my son to see Joe!"

Sotheby's Holds Space-Themed Sales On 50th Anniversary Of Apollo 11 Moon Landing Laurie Kahle Contributor Sotheby's is commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing with back-to-back themed sales of NASA memorabilia and Omega Speedmaster watches on July 19 and 20 in New York. A public exhibition of items in the auctions titled Space Exploration and Omega Speedmaster: To the Moon and Back opens on July 13. Sothebys Apollo 11 Space Exploration Sale will feature the best surviving original videotape recordings of the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. Courtesy Sotheby's Headlining the 218 lots in the Space Exploration auction on July 20 are the best surviving videotape recordings of the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. Purchased directly from NASA at a 1976 government surplus auction, the untouched original tapes are described as the "earliest, sharpest, and most accurate surviving video images of man's first steps on the moon." "From neighbors gathered around a television set to the cosmonauts in Star City and the astronauts and engineers in Houston, this was a unique event in history that people from all walks remember with excitement and positivity," said Cassandra Hatton, vice president and senior specialist in Sotheby's Books & Manuscripts Department, in a news release. "And what we universally recall about that event is best documented on these tapes—a glorious moment that united people of earth in peace, as witnesses to mankind's greatest achievement." The three tapes with a combined run time of two hours and 24 minutes are the only surviving first-generation recordings of the event. They are estimated to sell for $1 to 2 million. The sale Includes 20 Apollo firing room control panels used to launch Apollo 8, 11, 17, and four other Apollo missions. The sale will also offer artifacts from the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo Missions including 20 original Apollo firing room control panels used to launch Apollo 8, 11, 17, and four other Apollo missions (estimate: $200,000 to $300,000); the flown boost cover release port label salvaged from the crew access hatch of the Apollo 11 command module Columbia (estimate: $125,000 to $150,000); and a flown Apollo 11 lunar surface checklist sheet detailing step-by-step preparations for the first moon walk, signed by Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (estimate $40,000 to $60,000). A flown Apollo 11 checklist for the first moon walk from the personal collection of astronaut Buzz Aldrin. Other documents from Aldrin's personal collection include pages from the flown Apollo 11 flight plan and data file, including the Mission Rules Summary, detailing steps to follow in case of a malfunction, and crew instructions for liftoff and splashdown. Aldrin famously wore his Omega Speedmaster wristwatch as he playfully bounded about on the lunar surface, hence the model's "Moonwatch" nickname. On July 19, Sotheby's will host an auction dedicated to the legendary chronograph. Launched in 1957, Speedmaster was conceived with automotive racing in mind, and it featured an engraved tachymeter on the metal bezel for calculating speed. A 1959 Omega Speedmaster 2915-1 wristwatch headlines the Omega Speedmaster: To the Moon and Back sale on July 19. In 1965, when NASA sought a rugged and reliable wristwatch for its space missions, three watches were put through months of rigorous testing to determine which could handle the extreme conditions of space. The Speedmaster was the only one that passed all 10 tests, earning it the distinction of being the official watch of NASA. Subsequently, Speedmasters were worn on all six lunar landings. Omega vetted all 50 lots in the sale, which will include two original Reference 2915-1s. The first-generation Speedmaster was distinguished by its dial configuration, the engraved tachymeter scale, the lack of a crown guard, an applied Omega logo, a large "broad arrow" hour hand, and the workhorse caliber 321. These circa 1959 watches—one on a steel bracelet (estimate $150,000 to $250,000) and the other on a strap (estimate $100,000 to $200,000)—will top the wish lists of hardcore Omega collectors. An Omega prototype Speedmaster Alaska III, Ref. 145.022 stainless steel chronograph wristwatch made in 1978 for NASA's space shuttle program. Also going on the block is an "Alaska III" Ref. 145.022 Speedmaster made for NASA's Space Shuttle program in 1978. The watch incorporated an anti-reflective crystal and easily legible black dial featuring luminous tritium and radial counters. The estimate is $70,000 to $90,000. Whether or not you intend to place a bid, you can immerse yourself in this milestone moment of American history by seeing these artifacts in person at the public viewings, which will remain open until the day before each sale. Laurie Kahle I believe luxury is about more than expense. My stories draw on my passion for quality, design, artistry, and craftsmanship. I have been writing about five-star travel, ...

If you are experiencing an emergency, or need to get in touch with someone right away, please call us at (954) 326-6994. Angel Locksmith Inc. is a family owned mobile locksmith that is open 24/7. We provide service for all your locksmith needs. We also offer sliding door repair for both commercial and residential properties. We provide service to all of Broward, Palm Beach, & Dade County. Contact us today to receive a free estimate.

Автофорум Клуб » КУПИТЬ / ПРОДАТЬ Enjoy the our jerseys cheap & save money (1 post) Начата 1 год назад flora88 cheap wholesale jerseys 8882224227 flora88 Enjoy the our jerseys cheap & save moneyDrugs Are Bad: Because of the Lesser Mao turning his country into one giant poppy farm, he creates a serious heroin epidemic across America. His own abuse contributed to his descent into madness. The Drug War becomes even worse, with Governor John Rarick making heroin addiction worthy of a life sentence.Cool vs. Awesome: Episode 9 showcases the fight between Futayo Honda and Kimi Aoi in an Acid Trip Dimension where Futayo uses her Tonbokiri spear and Kimi simply utilizes dancing. All of this is done to a club house remix of P 01s' Leitmotif. Definitely much better than it sounds.It was big because we kept on letting (Hudson Catholic) hang around. You're not supposed to let anyone hang around, especially a good team like them, Best said. We really have some good shooters, they just need to learn how to work together. It felt good to see it start flowing because once it starts flowing, it's a problem for other teams.Most Contractors in Darker Than Black are either career killers by profession or kill in the course of carrying out missions. cheap sports jerseys The British agents are probably the most professional and potent. It is not uncommon for them to hunt criminals solo and they likely bring in large bounties for disposing of traitors and worse.Dying Curse: At her hanging, Winifred pronounces that on All Hallows' Eve, when the moon is round, a virgin will summon us from under the ground and then all the children will be theirs. Enthralling Siren: Sarah's gift is to lure children with haunting singing. Evil Is Hammy: In contrast to everyone else's more subdued performances, the Sanderson sisters and their actresses are certainly enjoying themselves.As she points out, each member of Team Go has the power to cause all sorts of damage. Even Mego. Big Damn Heroes: Happens for both the heroes and the villains in various waves. Bilingual Bonus: Some parts of the story are in Spanish. Justified since the Go siblings were all originally Hispanic and were raised with Spanish as their first language.Mister X is the most ordinary looking of the lot. He can't even get wrongness right! Blithe Spirit: The Runaway Words. They don't want to follow the rules, but still want to recognized as words. Examples: To, Are, Cold, World, Great, etc. In later episodes, they would become a Running Gag.Imagine the Audience Naked: Buddy says something like an inversion to this to King Cryolophosaurus in Troodon Train Day. Interspecies Adoption: Buddy is a T. rex raised by Pteranodons. Interspecies Romance: Mr. Conductor and Erma Eoraptor; Shiny and Gilbert Also, Shiny and Perry Parasaurolophus (the dirty two timer) Legacy Character: The Conductor's mother was the Dinosaur Train's previous conductor.The lowdown: The Jaguars get a big boost by scoring two top five talents with Ramsey and Jack. Jack's draft drop was precipitated by long term health concerns, but if he can stay on the field, the Jaguars' second round pick could turn into one of the all time greatest draft steals.The magnificent part? He did it out in the open on the embassy's doorstep to Supes' face. In Marvel Zombies, Doom, alone of everyone in the entire universe without exception, was able to resist the zombie infection by sheer willpower alone. Doom has more Heroic Willpower than that universe's version of CAPTAIN AMERICA.Return to Zork was the first graphical game in the Zork series. The player character is a sweepstakes winner who won a trip to the Valley of the Sparrows, which turns out to be a rather depressing place. The PC enters the West Shanbar and jersey hears from the townspeople that the East Shanbar mysteriously disappeared. As in many video games, the PC has to be the one to check it out, and ends up on a magical quest to stop the evil Morpheus from taking over. Langer who went on to co star in My So Called Life.Joe Pendleton (Montgomery) is a boxer and amateur pilot. While flying to his next bout, his plane suffers a mechanical failure and goes into a dive. His soul is snatched from his body by an overzealous reaper, Messenger 7013 (Edward Everett Horton), but when 7013 takes him to the afterlife it turns out that Joe isn't due to die for another 50 years 7013 had left him alone, he would have pulled the plane out of the dive.Ultimately Darth Bane's philosophy, while it kept the Sith alive in secret for millenia, also resulted in the order's undoing, as the chain could be easily broken by a factor that Bane failed to take into account the potential redemption of either the master or the apprentice. Darth Vader's Redemption Equals Death and Jacen Solo/Darth Caedus' apprentice renouncing the Dark Side of the Force and the Sith shortly after the former's demise pretty much spells the end for the Sith Order because of the Rule of Two. What's worse is that Bane really should have known better. The Sith Lord whose Holocron gave Bane the inspiration for the Rule of Two, Darth Revan, had also renounced the Dark Side, and Bane knew this.Crow didn look like himself in the OT loss to the stars last night and got up slowly after a save in the third period. He has posted an 11 7 2 record and the 7th best GAA (2.29) in the NHL. In an otherwise mediocre start to the Blackhawks season, Crawford has been the most consistent member of the team and has even been mentioned in Vezina Trophy talk.The people trying to kill the Reluctant Monster may be Fantastic Racist Knights Templar who just kill monsters out of hatred or otherwise good people with the Freudian Excuse of having lost loved ones or their homes http://www.jerseyrush.us/tag/nhl-jerseys-mens-capitals-hockey nhl jerseys mens capitals hockey to other members of the Monster's species. The latter can be played as White and Grey Morality, such as the Monster apologising for their species' actions while dissociating themselves from http://www.jerseyplayer.us/tag/amynfl-jerseys-ru amynfl jerseys.ru the incidents which in turn drives the people in question to forgive and seek forgiveness themselves in turn.Impersonation Gambit: Not her, but Jobber Mike Thor at WCW Clash of the Champions XXI. She was scheduled to face Paul E. (w/Michael Hayes) in a Battle of the Sexes Exhibition Match. Before the match, Thor ran in dressed as her with his face disguised. Paul smashed the phone over her head, which was considered pretty shocking right there, until Paul and Hayes discovered it was Thor.The Licenceless Rider has done enough heroic things to promote him to B class but refuses to do so because he feels he's not fit for that class and would rather replica nhl jerseys cheap reviews of roots continue helping in class C. It also helps that he's not suited to combat supervillains and thus wouldn't do well in a rank where he has to do more than charity work.Fictional Document: There are several pieces of in universe interview quotes, excerpts from books and other pieces of the news pertaining to the situation. In particular, the HLF. Foregone Conclusion: Numerous segments take place in the HLF settlement/shantytown called Defiance in the summer of 2022. Anyone remembering Case Files probably knows what the fate of the town will be.Resurrection Sickness: Gold Saints using their full powers and overexerting themselves, such as when activating their God Cloths, will feel bouts of weakness and pain, and collapse, as shown when the Einerjahr markings appear on their bodies, and this is implied this is a consequence of their resurrection. Revenge Before Reason: Sigmund know how Siegfried is dead, but blames both Athena and Poseidon for his https://www.cheapjerseyfly.com www.cheapjerseyfly.com death.The State Department appears to be withholding these documents in violation of the Freedom of Information Act, the group added. This begs the question: What is the State Department hiding and why is it doing so now? Is the increase in secrecy a response to the withering criticism State has faced as evidence of lobbyist influence, bias and conflicts of interest in the review process mounts?The Player Character enters this world to fight these mysterious menaces. Players can choose from one of seven races, eleven classes, and explore the world either alone or in groups. The game was released on January 25, 2011 in Korea, August 18, 2011 in Japan, and May 1 and May 3, 2012 for North America and Europe respectively. Other markets planned for release are China jerseys and Thailand.At the end, the dictatorship is overthrown, but no government is set up to replace it, yet. Other indicators suggest that the nation is Latin American. Big Bad: A rare work where the villain behind everything isn't even a character. The Nanomachines are the ultimate conflict, providing an initial challenge, and defeating the Protagonists several times early on.And I Must Scream: Before the Bellbridge level in Journey of Dreams, Owl warns the visitors that being tossed into the black sea that surrounds the Hub Level would most likely strip them of their Ideya, lock their consciousness in an eternal nightmare, and put them in a coma in the waking world.Falcone produces some strange creatures out of his body, half rats, half Alien style. Patricia Hamilton has fish like physical features. She was a great swimmer, but was disqualified from the Olympic games because her mutation gave her an unfair advantage. So she left England and moved to New York, to the land of the opportunities.Enjoy the cheap nfl jersey sites & save cheap wholesale jerseys 8882224227 money Enjoy the free nfl jerseys & save money <p>Kevin Zano <span class="review">Good quality for the buck.</span></p> <p>Low Xuan Wei <span class="review">I bought these before. They're perfect for her daycare's mats. Soft and pretty.</span></p> <p>Мила Минчева <span class="review">Very soft sheets. Generous in size. Would buy again.</span></p> Enjoy the cheap soccer jerseys from china & save money 3 Stuff You Should Know On The Way To Pick Up Excellent Players For Nfl How To Discover A Cheap Nfl Jerseys Bargain Mini Skirt

Personalize your space with martin guitar in a wide variety of style. We have all of the little details you need to turn your house into a home with style. The martin guitar with good price can always be found at Beddinginn.com. For you who love great deals and gorgeous martin guitar, Beddinginn sell lovely things for even lovelier prices.

Vanderhoof Vikings and Viqueens Old Timers Hockey Nechako Lakes Clippers Speed Skating 2016 Vacation Planner 2016 Colour Book 2017 Tri City Business Directory 2017 Dining Guide Local mills hoping to build in China John Rustad, local Liberal MLA, was meeting with Conifex and School District 91 last week to discuss a potential agreement with China. Mar. 23, 2011 8:00 p.m. School District 91 and a developer in China have been in talks to look at a partnership between the two in building a school within a new development "neighbourhood" of about a million people outside Beijing. The school district also wanted to include local mills in the process, and the talk, according to Rustad, is to look at the possibility of a long-term lumber agreement to supply the project with wood. Rustad says the agreement would have to include multiple mills within the area in order to provide the eight to ten years of lumber the development would require. "There's a lot of wood that's going to go into these housing starts for a million people," said Rustad. While only preliminary at this point, Rustad says the goal is to go over to China in mid-April to sign an agreement for the school and to hopefully have representatives from the mills there as well. "Hats off to the school district for taking the initiative and doing this," said Rustad, who also says he is trying to support what they are doing and will be talking to the new minister who will be responsible for forests, Minister Thomson. Fatal accident east of Burns Lake Enbridge hair campaign confirmed as a hoax Investigation into missing Indigenous woman leads to homicide charge against Quesnel man Northern Capitals captain and defender signs on with Trinity Western Spartans Concerned family, RCMP seek information about woman last seen in Cariboo area Explore Vanderhoof Omineca Express Terrace Standard Vanderhoof News Vanderhoof Weather Vanderhoof Classifieds © 2022, Vanderhoof Omineca Express and Black Press Group Ltd.

Dueling has been a common sport for centuries in the Empire. Most duels are fought for disagreements, settling arguments, or defending someone's honor. There are several styles of duels, but few are intentionally fought to the death. Most are fought to first blood, incapacitation, or yielding. Dueling with live steel is dangerous, and many a fatal blow has been unintentionally struck during a moment of passion. Some of the dueling codes allow a champion for the combatants, allowing some a healthy living as a duelist. The most common codes of dueling are the Code of the Seven Houses, Code of the Rat, Code of Tahlin, and Magus styles. The challenged individual chooses the style of the duel, but the challenger chooses the terms of victory. The Code of the Seven houses is the most common amongst the gentry and nobility in the more "civilized" cities of the Empire. Allowing no armor, no magical items, spells, nor effects, and the only weapons that may be brought to bear are rapiers. Duelists are required to remain within a 15 foot circle, exiting the area is an automatic yielding. These duels can never be given to a champion or alternate. The Code of Tahlin is less specific with the regulations and is more popular outside the environs of the populated towns and cities of the east. The challenger is allowed to choose the weapon and armor used or they both may allow an impartial witness to decide. As with the Code of the Seven Houses, no magical items, spells, or effects are permitted. There are no dueling ground dictates, and some duels have ranged across entire small towns. Both sides may choose champions to take their place in the duel. Historical Note. Named after the less than honorable war practices of the Secotah, the Code of the Rat is more of a free for all than an actual style. Whatever can be brought to bear by the individuals dueling may be used. Champions for one or both of the duelists are quite common. Far more deadly than the Code of the Seven Houses, most Rat dueling is chosen for the advantage of magic or a lack of skill with rapiers. The Magus style of dueling can only occur between mages. The least deadly of styles, each spell caster casts spells to terrify, amuse, or astound the witnesses. Summoning spells, illusions, elemental manipulation spells are all extremely common. The most flamboyant and puissant magician wins. This style is often chosen for duels over guild rank or prestige.

Ever shot a bow and arrow? Whether you have never picked up a bow or have tried once or twice at school this three day mini-camp session will teach you the basics of archery and give you time on the range to practice. Participants will be introduced to parts of the bow and arrow, different types of bows, and how to safely handle and use the equipment. Tips and techniques will be shared on how to improve shooting accuracy and have fun with a variety of games. All equipment provided. Register by 7/30.

We inform that it is now possible to register drivers on the French SIPSI website: www.sipsi.travail.gouv.fr. Additionally, French authorities informed that all attestations issued before 01.01.2017 are valid until the end of their expiration date. From 01.01.2017, registering drivers is required only through the website of the French Ministry of Labour.

A full, rich instrumental of epic proportions evoking a majestic, triumphant feeling. Perfect for a video, film score or soundtrack, rolling credits, a commercial, documentary or corporate image. Exactly 30 seconds.

The new Summit PLUS by Vapium is crafted for the rugged end of on-the-go use and a new peak in outdoor vaping. Designed to withstand extreme temperatures, it's durable, powerful and easy to use, with innovative technology, high-quality materials/build quality with intuitive use. The successor to the Vapium Summit, at first glance not much has changed; slightly bigger 'in all directions'. That is, it's about .1 inches taller, wider and longer. It's splash proof (IP54 quality), with a stronger magnet on the mouthpiece, and a stretchy ring added to keep the oven lid more firmly in place. The built-in stirring tool is really handy. The battery life is longer and the vapor path is different to the original Summit; it has a smaller metal tube that goes inside the internal tube leading to the bowl, not outside like it did before. Discretion itself, the Summit looks like a flash drive and nestles in the palm of your hand. Quiet vibrations let you know when it's ready to use without making a sound. It's lightweight yet rugged, with textured grips and a minimum of vulnerable parts. The Summit from Vapium is a rugged portable dry herb vaporizer that is as powerful as it is easy to use. With innovative technology, high-quality construction and intuitive functionality, it is clearly designed for on-the-go use. With the Summit Vaporizer you get a micro USB power adapter and wall charger, cleaning kit with regular and elongated cleaning brushes, cleaning wipes, stir/pick tool, extra screens & mouthpiece guard, and a user manual. Finely ground herb is recommended for loading the chamber about 3/4 full before lightly tamping it down. You press and hold the Go button for 3 seconds to turn the Summit Vaporizer on, and the temperature is selected using the "+" or "-" button. There are 8 settings from four lights by lighting them fully or partially. Half blue (160°C/320°F ), full blue (170 C), then up in stages through yellow and orange to full red (230 C°). You can use the Summit while it charges. The On button glows blue as the desired temperature is being reached, then green, accompanied by 3 buzzes (or 'haptic feedback vibration') when that temp is reached. For best results allow vapor to form in the chamber to produce bigger clouds. To preserve battery, the Summit will automatically shut off after 90 seconds – simply press Go once to re-engage the heater. Made from lightweight, sturdy black plastic with a rubber hand grip/protector, the Summit Vaporizer feels good in the hand. A nice touch is the magnetic oven lid's cord to prevent losing it. The mouthpiece is removable and is also magnetic, and there's a clear plastic sleeve that snaps over it for extra insulation. All these features (tethering of lids, haptic feedback) suggest the Summit's perfect for outdoor, sporty types (Vapium have tested it in snow and extreme cold). You feel like you can safely drop it, watch it bounce down a cliff, then retrieve it and put it straight back in use. The stainless steel vapor pathway gives excellent taste with low draw resistance for a small vape, and the vapor is surprisingly cool. Using a ribbon USB cord, the device gives a short buzz to acknowledge it is charging and on button glows blue, then eventually green. Its (non-replaceable) Lithium-ion battery gives up to 1 hour of continuous use at 410°F/210°C. and features automatic shut off. However, these quibbles aside, the Summit Vaporizer is a great little vape. Discrete to use, lightweight yet robust. It's available in green, black or blue, and comes with a 1-year warranty.

Being in the business for 10 years we couldn't have done it without believing in the products ourselves, in 2013 Gavin and Anneke Goodhew purchased larger premises, two adjoining warehouses in Cleveland which allowed for the business to grow. On one of the warehouse's we installed a 40kW solar system which is made up of 200 x 200w panels & 6 x 5kw inverters plus tilt racking. Tilt racking is often used in our commercial systems as it guarantees the best performance of your solar system all year round. When you are investing money into a commercial solar system, you want to make sure that you are getting the best products & the best installation for your money. Tilt racking also helps with self-cleaning of the panels, with the rain able to wash away the dirt and grime that can sit on the panels and for getting maximum return on investment in winter when the sun is in the lowest part of the sky. A lot of other solar companies only tilt to the required 10 degrees to ensure that the system is compliant, with Goodhew we want you to get the maximum out of your system all year round &we tilt it at 30 degrees. This process is of course more labour intensive but it is important to us to ensure that your system is producing to the highest ability and that you are happy for years to come. With this greater tilt, it also means that you are able to reduce your bill faster and have your system paying for itself. On our second warehouse, we installed a 10kw hybrid system. This system has 10kw hours of storage which can be stored during the day to be used at night when the sun isn't shining. When the sun is shining again the following day then the batteries will recharge once again. Hybrid Solar Systems enable you to maintain your grid-connectivity however, you will rarely need to consume power from it. A Hybrid Solar System combines the best of both worlds; the convenience of a grid connected system, including the ability to earn Feed-in Tariff credits, with the extra peace of mind of a battery backup. This means that even during a power blackout, you still have electricity. This warehouse is run completely off the hybrid so we do not use power.

Q: Why in Wick theorem the expectation values of products of field operators is equal to the sum of expectation values of pairs of operators? As stated in the title, I understand the expectation value of uncontracted operators are zero, and there are only certain type of pairs of operators remaining in the time ordered product of operators. But isn't it very obvious that the expectation of products of operators are not necessarily the same as the products of expectation of operators? So after omitting the pairs in which annihilation comes before creation operators, the product of the operators can be written as the sum of product of certain ordered operators, as what is written below: $$T \hat{C}_\alpha(t) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\beta(t_1) \hat{C}_\gamma(t_2)\hat{C^{\dagger}}_\delta(t')\\ =[T\hat{C}_\alpha(t) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\beta(t_1)][T\hat{C}_\gamma(t_2) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\delta(t')]-[T\hat{C}_\alpha(t) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\delta(t')][T\hat{C}_\gamma(t_2) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\beta(t_1)].\tag{1}$$ But I don't understand the expectation of the product of the operators can be written in this way as well: $${_0<}|T \hat{C}_\alpha(t) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\beta(t_1) \hat{C}_\gamma(t_2)\hat{C^{\dagger}}_\delta(t')|>_0 \\ =[{_0<}|T\hat{C}_\alpha(t) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\beta(t_1)|>_0][{_0<}|T\hat{C}_\gamma(t_2) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\delta(t')|>_0]-[{_0<}|T\hat{C}_\alpha(t) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\delta(t')|>_0][{_0<}|T\hat{C}_\gamma(t_2) \hat{C^{\dagger}}_\beta(t_1)|>_0].\tag{2}$$ The image comes from Many particle physics by G. D. Mahan.

Review : Thank You Amazon! and my 95yr Mom Thanks you! (If she could). I know that many media folks have stated that the "Drop-in" feature of the Echos is "creepy" and can see their point. Here's a different perspective. Mom is now almost 95 and she has short term memory dementia, she's in great spirits but I really can't teach her anything technical, like dialing a phone or even pressing a memory dial button. She lives near my sister and is 2 hours away so visiting is always a bit of a project. I thought I'd try setting a Show next to her rocking chair. I can now "Drop-in" on her every day and share some face time with her, visit with her grand daughter, see the dog whom she LOVES, and just make her smile. The beauty is that there is no interaction needed on her end, the Caregivers and my Mom love this setup. The fact that I can use my phone from anywhere and actually see and talk to Mom, and show her things is hugely entertaining and comforting for Mom, and everyone in the family.

Palmerston North is a great place for conferences, meetings and seminars. Our central north island location is easily accessible and our centrally located venues can host large scale conferences. We've put together a delegate package to make booking your next event a breeze. Our packages starts from $47.50 (+ gst) per delegate, for a minimum of 20 guests. Packages include morning tea, lunch and afternoon tea, plus free car parking and complimentary wifi. We'll also sort out your AV requirements for a sound system, data projector, projector screen, lectern and microphone. Out all inclusive packages, will ensure your next event goes off without a hitch. We understand no conference, meeting or seminar is the same so please contact us direct to tailor your package. Our current delegate packages are for bookings from May 2017 – May 2018.

Course Demo (Time Restricted) | e-Training Inc. Your free minute course preview is complete. Interested in taking the full course? You have used up all 5 demo sessions for course! If you are ready to move forward, please add it to your cart, or let us know any questions you have!

S-LAB – Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare ELASTICOFarm 12. 1月 2022 Photo: Anna Positano, Gaia Cambiaggi | Studio Campo S-LAB, the new complex of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) in Turin, Italy, is located within the premises of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (National Research Council) in order to promote collaborations between the two institutions in the development of common research activities and programs. It is a semi-industrial building where machinery and precision instruments for the experiments carried out by the Institute are produced. At the same time it is a building with a strong symbolic value due to the relevance of the research topics and the high scientific value of what is carried out here. Project: S-LAB – Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, 2020 Location: Turin, Italy Client: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Architect: ELASTICOFarm Project design team: Stefano Pujatti, Alberto Del Maschio, Valeria Brero, Serena Nano, Daniele Almondo, Andrea Rosada, Monica Ierace Structural engineering: Arching Srl Mechanical engineering: Projema Engineering Srl Construction company: Ruscalla Renato Spa Prefabricator: Alciati Srl Installations: Paolin Impianti Srl Lot surface area: 7,500 m2 Total floor area: 1,776 m2 The project adopts the traditional construction technology for manufacturing buildings and, by reinterpreting it, avoids the repetition of the typical image of industrial warehouses. The deconstruction of volumes is emphasized by the use of reinforced concrete infill panels of different colors which protrude beyond the boundaries of the building. Some of the concrete panels conceal a message that only reveals itself under certain precise conditions of air humidity: an experiment on the skin of a building created for experimentation. The result is an innovative building, the embodiment of a new idea for productive buildings that become spaces for creativity and sharing, also thanks to a plan layout that includes courtyards and patios. The volumes of which the building is composed, of varying heights and articulations, respond to the different functions accommodated within: from the large hall of the shop to the more compact spaces for laboratories, offices and service areas. The arrangement in different volumes allows to mitigate the impact of the new building on the existing one. Also, it relates more coherently with the existing office building, to which it is connected through a glass corridor, and with the Colonnetti Park to the southeast, an important naturalistic filter between the dense Mirafiori district and the area along the banks of the Sangone river. The building is placed in the center of the lot, suggesting the possibility of future expansions. In order to strengthen the relationship between inside and outside, the plan layout ensures that open spaces are never perceived as residual areas; there is the tree-lined walkway, the entrance courtyard, the patio, the green area to the south facing the canteen and the technical service area to the east. The building is designed to minimize energy consumption and exploit renewable energy. The mechanical systems are very sophisticated as they meet different needs, from mechanical shops to areas with controlled atmosphere. Drawing: ELASTICOFarm 関連した記事 ARCHITEKT / IN K&L Architekten AG ArchitektIn FH / ZeichnerIn… このカテゴリ内の他の記事 Baoan Performing Arts Centre Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts Wood Pavilion #1 Gymnasium of South University of Science and Technology Le Ray ウェブサイト概要 規約事項 ナショナルプラットフォーム 配信希望 World-Architectsをフォローする

Child abuse is a broad term that includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. While it varies between the states, a child is usually considered to be someone under 16 or 18 years old. Each state has their own laws defining child abuse. Shaking a child under 4 vigorously enough to cause shaken baby syndrome. Spanking is not generally considered abuse in the United States, as long as it is age appropriate and does not cause the child serious injury. However, if the discipline is extreme and forceful enough to cause the child injury, then it will be considered physical abuse. Any type of sexual behavior that harms a child physically, emotionally or mentally. Excessive, aggressive, or unreasonable demands that place expectations on the child beyond their capacity. If the pattern of negative behavior affects a child's emotional development and sense of self-worth, emotional abuse has occurred. Emotional: The failure tend to a child's emotional needs, mental health or permitting the child to use alcohol or other drugs. A person who commits child abuse can be prosecuted criminally or face civil penalties. If you are accused of child abuse, you may be arrested and convicted of a crime. The consequences you may face depend on the severity of the abuse, any prior similar convictions, whether you are currently on probation or parole, and the number of instances of child abuse. Required anger management and/or parenting classes. A victim of child abuse may also sue you in a private civil lawsuit, where you may liable to pay the victim money. This is based upon the victim's pain, suffering and medical expenses resulting from the abuse. Any prior similar convictions will also be considered. If you are accused of child abuse, you should speak to a lawyer immediately to learn more about your rights and to determine your next steps. Do You Know a Child Who is Being Abused? If you believe that a child is being abused, then the first step is to call the police. The police will investigate, collect evidence, and send your case to the District Attorney's office to prosecute the offender if there is sufficient evidence against them. If you have been accused of child abuse but none of your actions fall under the above requirements for child abuse, then you should contact a local criminal lawyer today!

Sevy polar bear and cub Tea Infuser makes it fun to steep a fresh and flavorful cup of loose leaf tea as easily as using tea bags. Fill the infuser only halfway with loose tea, so tea leaves have room to fully expand. Hang the polar bear onto a tea cup or mug with the infuser inside and pour in boiled water. The polar bear tea infuser will steep in 3 minutes while it releases the essential oils for a maximum infusion of aroma and flavor. Once desired brew strength is achieved, set the Infuser aside to cool before emptying and cleaning. You can also use by filling with desired spices instead of tea. Made from 18/8 stainless steel fine mesh and BPA-free plastic panda and cub. It's fun to use, easy to fill, reusable, and more economical than using disposable tea bags. These fun and functional tea accessories make clever gifts and kitchen decorations, too! Hand wash in warm, soapy water.

Nikola Tesla's protégé Otis Carr developed & patented man-made flying saucers in the 1950s by Doug Yurchey 'My flying machine will have neither wings nor propellers. You might see it on the ground and you would never guess that it was a flying machine. Yet it will be able to move at will through the air in any direction with perfect safety.' -- Nikola Tesla, interviewed in The New York Herald Tribune, October 15, 1911 'The vehicle was simply an extension of their own bodies because it was tied into their neurological systems…' -- Col. Philip J. Corso, The Day After Roswell 'You must always work with Mother Nature. Force is never necessary. The laws of the physical universe are really very simple.' -- Ralph Ring, interviewed by Kerry Cassidy, August 2006 Otis T. Carr (1904-1980?) was a protégé of the great inventor Nikola Tesla. Carr and his team constructed a number of fully functional, flying saucers in the late 1950s. The flying disks worked and were demonstrated. Carr was serious about 'taking his craft to the Moon.' However, two weeks after a dramatic test flight, their laboratory was forcibly closed. Federal agents confiscated equipment as well as all documentation. Authorities told them Carr's project would 'destroy the monetary system of the United States.' Ralph Ring, now aged 72, was aboard that incredible and successful test flight. He and Carr, with their 45-foot saucer, transported themselves ten miles at the speed of light! (Click on the Project Camelot link and download Ralph Ring speaking of Otis T. Carr, the events leading to the OTC craft and the project's eventual shutdown by the feds: http://www.projectcamelot.net/ralph_ring.html [Two Ralph Ring Videos Below: Interview & Conference]) 'Fly is not the right word. It traversed distance. It seemed to take no time. I was with two other engineers when we piloted the 45-foot craft about ten miles. I thought it hadn't moved – I thought it had failed. I was completely astonished when we realized that we had returned with samples of rocks and plants from our destination. It was a dramatic success. It was more like a kind of teleportation.' 'I've lost count of the number of people who have refused to believe what happened. I no longer talk about it. It's no fun being laughed at and ridiculed. But I've described it exactly as it occurred. One day someone will build the disk just as we did and they'll have the same experience. All his blueprints still exist. Nowadays, it would all be done with digital and solid state circuitry - no moving parts would be necessary.' 'You have to work with nature, not against her.' (When the disks were powered up and reached a particular rotational speed) '...the metal turned to Jell-O. You could push your finger right into it. It ceased to be solid. It turned into another form of matter, which was as if it was not entirely here in this reality. That's the only way I can attempt to describe it. It was uncanny, one of the weirdest sensations I've ever felt.' (The Philadelphia-Effect? [or Hutchison Effect? – New Illuminati Ed]) '(Carr)…was an unquestioned genius. Tesla had recognized his quality immediately and had taught him everything he knew. He was inspired, and – like Tesla – seemed to know exactly what to do to get something to work. - Ralph Ring The following is from Margaret Storm's book 'The Return of the Dove.' 'It was in November, 1957…when Otis T. Carr of Baltimore, Maryland, announced that free energy and spaceflight had been once again made available to the inhabitants of this planet. Carr, a disciple of Tesla, has come up with two new inventions. One is an electrical 'accumulator' and the other a gravity motor; both utilizing the power of the sun and other forces in nature found in free abundance in the atmosphere.' 'Carr…has organized a solid business corporation under the normal conventions of the American free enterprise system.' 'While governments still deny the existence of flying saucers and daily newspapers refuse to give outstanding news to their readers… the uninformed public remains uninformed. They do not even know the problem of spaceflight has been solved on this planet by an American citizen.' 'Carr's free energy motors will power automobiles, for one thing; a development which would do away with the need for gasoline…' 'Large space vehicles will be brought down to size of about ten feet in diameter. They can be built to sell for less than the cost of a modern automobile and are designed to take a family across town, across the nation or around the world in absolute comfort and safety and in a fraction of the time ever before possible.' The above statements are from 1957. They knew THEN not to rely on petroleum. Little could they imagine the hell wrought by the Oil Companies 50 years later! 'This is news of world importance, yet so strict is the gangster censorship imposed by the Silence Group, that newspapers founded for the purpose of giving news to the public DARE not carry out their function. For to do so, would mean running the risk of ruinous economic sanctions.' 'Carr had offered to build and deliver spaceships to governments wishing to send expeditions to the Moon or elsewhere, but these offers were declined in favor of much more expensive rocket and missile programs.' Consider the International Geophysical Year of 1957. A reported 67 countries were involved in a scientific effort that lasted from 7/1/57 to 12/31/58. The team studied aurora and airglow, cosmic rays, geomagnetism, gravity, ionospheric physics, longitude and latitude determinations, mapping, meteorology, oceanography, seismology and solar activity. The year 1957 was also the year of Sputnik… (edited) INTERVIEW: 'Long John' Nebel (WOR Radio, NY) with Otis Carr and Norman Colton (October 29, 1957): Do you believe in the possibility of flying saucers coming to this planet, the planet Earth, from other planets? OTC: We believe that there are unidentified, electrified objects in the air. We have seen three on three separate occasions, they were going at great velocity and they were definitely electrified because we have been working on the same principle for many years and we recognize what we saw. In what way is your invention different from the UFOs, which you have seen? OTC: We do not know, naturally not having been able to examine the objects we saw due to the great velocity, we can't say with certainty that they are similar to ours, but the principle we feel is the same. Our design utilizes gravity, electromagnetism, and electromotive force and a relative field to get its functional operation… It's a central power core. Now this is what we call an 'accumulator.' In a vernacular sense, it is a factory. It is a storage cell, an accumulation of storage cells, which provide an electromotive force in the same manner that any known battery produces an electromotive force. Here is a paragraph that you sent copies of your brochure outlining your system of propulsion that you have developed to President Eisenhower and the Cabinet and the Atomic Energy Commission. Have you received an answer from them? OTC: There was recognition of receiving the material. Beyond that, did they give any value judgment on what you had to contribute? OTC: No, we have not received any value judgment. Don't you think that is a little odd? OTC: Yes, I do. Is there any way that you can explain it? OTC: I have my own ideas about this…of course, no way to substantiate such ideas. To give my own personal opinion, we have a truly safe vehicle which is not expendable, it does not burn up its energy in a few seconds, it carries the energy with it, it can leave the Earth's atmosphere and return man, it also can be used within the atmosphere. It can make a trip as easily as other aerial transportation systems from here to Baltimore or from here to the Moon. Now it is inexpensive, it certainly doesn't cost as much as the systems of the expanding rocket. The fueling is much less expensive and whether or not our offer is entering into an economic picture that is not feasible at this time, we don't know… Were you interested in this before 1955? OTC: Our investigations began in 1937. We were actively making models in 1938. In 1942, we had come up with the basic principles. In other words, 18 years prior to this year, you had in your mind that possibly some type of craft could be developed that you could go into space with? Is that right? OTC: This is true. Do you hope with this craft, if you are able to manufacture it, that you can go to other planets with it? OTC: Escaping from the immediate gravity pull of the Earth plus the heavy atmosphere of the Earth enables us, just as our satellites are doing now, to join a universal free energy system. They have a velocity now of 18,000 miles per hour, more or less, without any expenditure of energy whatsoever. Now any energy attached to this would immediately throw them into a higher velocity orbit which would expand them further into space...This is extremely easy to do. We feel that our craft will gradually escape and possibly escape the atmosphere of the Earth and then we can handle velocities almost unimaginable in reaching other gravity systems… How many people can you have in this craft? OTC: The one we have on the design board which is 45 feet in diameter, the cabin would accommodate three to be comfortable. And what type of equipment will you have on board of this craft? OTC: On this craft, insofar as the individuals are concerned, can travel the same as in a pressurized airliner. We don't have the problem of a heat shield. What about high velocity? OTC: We don't have a problem of thermal barriers because the electro-magnetic system sets up a protective shield in our craft which enables us to overcome this barrier without any discomfort to the occupants inside the craft. And we can very slowly rise, and once we are outside the atmosphere, we can accelerate to tremendous velocities up to the speed of light itself. How would it land? OTC: Very simply, we can fly at a very slow velocity of 100 feet per minute or less and we can sit down as gently as a feather because part of the operation of our craft has joined universal systems. This is a relative velocity of the attractive inertial mass; it becomes weightless as regards this inertial attraction. Individually, it is not weightless, it has the same weight as before, but when it reaches the relative location, it becomes an independent system just as a planet is an independent system. I believe what you are saying is that you'd be creating an artificial gravitational field within the body of the spacecraft and yet there would not be any gravity on the outside? OTC: Exactly correct. And this is done by the battery which I attempted to describe, spinning around and producing its own gravitational influence? OTC: Yes, this is the beginning of an answer to your question. We have capacitor plates and electro-magnets as a part of this system. Now this is counter-rotating, the electro-magnets rotate in one direction and the accumulator, the batteries rotate in another. The capacitor plates rotate in conjunction with the battery so that we have a clockwise and counter clockwise rotation. Now the third system is the cabin that maintains the crew. This does not rotate, it is fixed due to the fact the two bodies are rotating clockwise and counter clockwise. Therefore, the system causes the craft to escape from the gravity pull. The craft itself due to this system still has internal gravity because it still has the same weight that it had in the beginning. Would the time factor be involved with this craft? OTC: In our solar system, the time factor would be involved, yes. We evaluate time on the velocity of light and in certain systems, if we exceed the velocity of light, unquestionably the time would slow up. Your craft can exceed the velocity of light? OTC: We don't say this, I say in other systems. I thought nothing could do this, I thought it was a constant factor, one of Einstein's factors. OTC: Possibly in our system, but not necessarily true in other systems. Anything approaching the speed of light becomes pure energy. OTC: Pure energy, but in other systems it could change. What other systems? OTC: Other solar systems, we are completely controlled by our system and here the velocity of light is our yardstick and our pattern and our craft is designed around this... We have invented an electrified system which makes it possible for a propulsion system which put into operation can carry human beings, with a fuel system which is not expendable and take them into space and bring them back and return in this craft. If I had the tools now, and those tools are available in large plants… we could have this craft on the Moon in six months from this date. You were incorporated in 1955 and I imagine you have made an effort to get some money to promote your product. Colton: An offer we made was that the OTC-X1 craft will be parked in any specified area in the Continental U.S. and go one or more times outside the Earth's atmosphere and land within a distance of the Pentagon building in Washington or any other location best suited for public observation. Could a small craft be made to take off? OTC: We plan to build a prototype model as a demonstration device. Now I would like to state certain models have been built by me and tested. Each one has been airborne. One was lost entirely in space. We had a control system and this one didn't function. This has already been done. What do you think about the principle of rockets under certain conditions? OTC: We don't need it. We have a tremendous spin here. An electric motor operates the same way. You set up an electromotive force inside a magnetic field and you get rotation. So what we actually have here is an improved electrical motor which in itself is a circular device. And we say we make energy out of the air, from another dimension…this Earth itself is literally a spacecraft demonstrating what we're talking about. It's rotating and orbiting at a certain constant speed with a magnetic field and it is in itself a spacecraft… We feel outside the Earth's atmosphere new systems of propulsion even beyond our own of electromagnetism will make themselves apparent. The text of this interview was kindly shared by Mike Hughes of Anaheim, California, as reprinted in ENERGY UNLIMITED around 1983, and though very faded in many spots, was typed up by Jerry Decker from KeelyNet. Decker's intention was for it to be copied at other sites on the net for the widest possible audience of interested parties. Look at gas prices today; look at the horrible state of a War for Oil. We need a new transportation. We need a new type of CARR. Governments could make the airline industry obsolete. The Powers That Be could make oil virtually worthless. With the development of electric disks, you could transport all items and merchandise instantly. Nothing would have to be shipped across country in expensive, large semi trucks. Prices on everything would drastically drop. Anti-gravity, flying saucers, transporters, teleporters, replicators and so much more are scientific realities. We could colonize the planets and go to the stars! What great feats of engineering would be constructed if we had the availability of anti-gravity platforms? We could build the pyramids! Imagine new architecture and towering structures that would be ultimately accomplished. We could build on the scale of our ancient ancestors… if only we utilized super lasers and anti-gravity. Futuristic dwellings that defy gravity are possible. Entire cities could be made to hover in sync with nature. Tesla spoke of the 'Wonder World' ELECTRICITY, used fully, would produce. Governments of the 21st Century KNOW how to build flying saucers. Some of the UFOs are ours. What we need most of all is a government that does not suppress a quantum leap, but one that will allow a giant step to benefit its citizens and all of the Earth. But does the creation of a worldwide, saucer-transportation system terminate the concept of countries? At the same time Tesla was teaching the likes of Carr, Arthur Matthews and Einstein, we should consider what was happening in Nazi Germany. Hitler and his fascist regime of the late 1930s may have also developed the electrified disk known as the 'saucer.' The flying 'electric motor' is a scientific possibility. Why wouldn't German scientists be close to discovering the answer? Study Victor Schauberger's involvement with developing flying disks for the Third Reich. Numerous Internet sites and books deal with the subject of round Nazi craft. WHEN WILL WE USE KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY TO SAVE THE EARTH? Under 'Suppressed Inventions' 5/5/60 J3-A, 54 FLYING SAUCER, OTC-X1, CARR Pat. #US02912244 Victorville, CA: First time ever in any newspaper: Otis Carr tells how his Flying Saucer, the OTC-X1, works. Carr developed his power plant for the saucer at the Osbrink Plant in Apple Valley. The OTC- X1 is described 'as being two tops that spin in opposite directions around a single axis...The entire circular-foil craft that is Mr. Carr's most profound development, is an assembly of only two major moving mechanical parts.' 'Governments KNOW how to build saucers. They HAVE secretly…and this is how they have gone into space and established bases. We are left with pathetic, primitive NASA and gas-combustion, motor vehicles!' - D.Y . Copyright by Doug Yurchey All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission Doug Yurchey can be contacted: [email protected] He would enjoy your comments. From http://www.world-mysteries.com/newgw/otis_carr_dy.htm Project Camelot interviews Ralph Ring (52:18) @ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfM23rAZTSQ Otis T. Carr & his Flying Machine Over the years, the name of Otis T. Carr comes up with regard to a flying machine he was said to have built and tested as well as a power source which he dubbed the U-tron. Scant details are available as seems to always be the case with such reports. However, in Carrs' case, he did receive a US Patent 2,912,244 for an 'Amusement Device.' On reading the patent and examining the diagrams it seems to be a Trojan Horse method of recording his discovery, much like the means afforded to Keely to record some of his discoveries in the form of an 'occult novel' back in the late 19th century. A search of the net for Otis Carr and the Utron finds several sources selling information about his work and this online document from France; French page on Otis Carr Otis became acquainted with the reclusive Nikola Tesla at the hotel where he resided. Tesla loved to feed the pigeons in New Yorks' Central Park and one day instructed Otis, then studying art and working in the hotel, to buy two kilos of unsalted peanuts as pigeon food for him. Over a period of three years, after each delivery of peanuts, Otis had the opportunity to converse with Tesla on his various discoveries. From that knowledge and his own insights, it is claimed he went on to invent a free energy generator (U-tron) and a flying device. In 1947, Carr had finished his research on a flying vehicle (resembling the levitation disc of John Searl) and tried to interest various governmental and University agencies, all in vain because they were more interested in atomic fission. Carr decided to direct his invention towards the educational and entertainment aspects of his work. Carr was granted a US Patent 2.912.244, for a toy apparatus which very accurately reflects the proportions and the design of his antigravitational flying vehicle. The principle of operation stated by Carr was that "any vehicle accelerated towards an axis compared to its inertial mass of attraction becomes immediately activated by the energy of space and acts like an independent force." A diagram of the patent of Otis T Carr Carr would have taken as a starting point the end of the English patent n° 300.311 of T.T. Brown by transforming the cylindrical engine into a biconic engine designed to create a nonuniform field around the ship, thanks to its design combined with its rotation. He placed in the center another larger nipple which could be used to produce local energy and also to create another nonuniform field in the center. Although confirmed, the assertions of Carr do not explain the exchange and the extreme polarization which occurs between the iron disc with segments and the electromagnets of the circumference which give a cancellation of the gravitational field and allow antigravitational flight. Flying disc of Otis T Carr Note: 12 Utron electromagnets in periphery In the disc of Carr is a key component, the Utron, which consisted of metal condensers in rotation whose form is unusual, square in a plan and round in another plan. This Utron has the same function - rotary inductive component at high speed - as the steel plate segments of Searl's [levity disk]. This use of a condensing component (capacitor) in planetary rotation provided a measurable storage capacity of load at high circumferential speeds. In the disc of Searl as in that of Carr, the accumulated load coming from the element in rotation is discharged into electromagnets on the circumference of the disc. On the disc of Carr, the spin zone contains uniform reserves of condensers which produce oscillations (pulses) for the loads as received by the magnets at the edges. With the addition of the Utron, Carr appears to have improved the basic antigravitational technology of Searl, giving them both a reinforced credibility. The following was posted on the KeelyNet BBS as CARR1.ASC on January 31, 1991. The article is from FATE magazine - May 1958 - page 17, in the regular column, I See by the Papers, the following article was found. Gravity Machine? The following summary was sent from a Ship's Paper of October 30, 1957, after being copied from a CW News broadcast while at sea. It is unusual because no other report of this announcement reached us. It certainly is sensational - if true. Baltimore, Md., October 29: A group of inventors claimed Monday they have been able to utilize gravity in circular motion machines capable of powering everything from hearing aids to space cruisers. Otis T. Carr, president of OTC Enterprises, Inc., detailed his claims in an interview and demonstration of a crude model of a circular motion machine which he said is the principle of a "free energy circular foil" space craft he can build, if someone puts up the money. He said the machine can be adapted to devices of any size to produce continuous power absolutely free of dissipation. Its immediate application, Carr said, would be in a space craft - which would be able to fly among the planets in controlled flight. It could land or take off as desired on the earth, the moon or any planet in the earth's solar system, he said. Carr and his associates said their claims are based on the most simple practical applications of natural laws and discoveries in science and mathematics. They have no formal education in science or engineering. He said the same "free energy" which causes the earth to rotate on its axis and orbit around the sun will turn a machine he described as two cones joined at their circular bases. When the rotation of such a machine reaches a certain velocity relative to the earth's orbital velocity, Carr said, it will take off. Carr said the core of his space ship would be a huge battery which would spin at the velocity of the external craft and which would be recharged, he said, by its motion. Carr declared such a battery, built to any size, could be designed to power the largest electric generating plant, operate an automobile, heat a house or power any conceivable machine or device. The principle on which Carr said such circular motion machines would operate is that "any vehicle" accelerated to an axis rotation relative to its attractive inertial mass (the Earth) immediately becomes activated by free space energy and acts as an independent force… Notes about the ship A closeup of the left and right sides of the U-shaped electromagnet; Part 82 - conically-shaped member (gyro) may be easily formed out of a suitable sheet material, such as laminated aluminum or plastic - Positioned to move through the simulated electromagnets 86 Each simulated electromagnet 86 may be formed in horse shoe shape... with tubing or like 88 to simulate the winding of an electromagnet. And the capacitor plates from the patent; I further prefer to secure a plurality of plates 90 (6 plates, 6 gyros) in spaced relation around the upper face of the rotating assembly 14 to simulate capacitor plates in a space craft. The plates 90 may be formed out of any suitable material such as aluminum laminated Masonite, to provide a striking appearance. This shows how gyroscopic motion can produce a thrust as represented by the following diagram; As you can see with Carr's gyros being at 45 degrees the 'beams of force' would be directed to collide at the center above the space craft. Directional control would be by reducing or increasing the speed of one or more gyros on the side you wished to travel, causing the craft to 'dip' into that direction. There seems to be something else going on here, with the spinning gyros and capacative plates being rotated through the electromagnet arms. Now, if you look along the axis of rotation of the conical shaped members which are gyroscopes, you will see they intersect at a 90 degree angle as shown below; Which corresponds interestingly enough to two methods to alter gravity, one involves creating what Keely called an 'artificial neutral center', the other involved using a band or ring around the object, when stimulated the ring produced weight loss; Decker's correlations though there are several which relate, the one I have in mind being from the claims of Dr. Daniel Fry at White Sands; "...description of two rings. When dual magnetic fields are produced in these rings, the interaction will focus between the rings. This focal point will produce an artificial neutral center towards which the mass will be attracted by virtue of resonant attraction of the natural neutral center." Meaning the natural neutral center of the ship will be attracted toward the artificial neutral center. It works much like a goat harnessed to a wagon... if you hold out a stick with a carrot hanging from it, the goat will follow the stick in whatever direction you so choose. And from an anecdote from Wil Wilson; …anecdote about a newspaper article with a picture describing a levitation device that was suppressed. A cylindrical container with a series of solenoids mounted on the top of the cylinder. Each solenoid is pointed towards a central focal point. When the solenoids are pulsed at the same frequency, the combined force creates an artificial neutral center which, depending on the amplitude of energy flowing into this artificial neutral center will cause the natural mass neutral center to be attracted to the artificial neutral center. The mass will thus be pulled in which ever direction the artificial neutral center is pointed, regardless of direction. Another file is The Ship of Heaven & the Aten band; "...This indicates the establishment of a bubble of force that protected anyone within its confines. Rather, it produced a center of gravity that absorbed aether at its own rate, rather than being chained to the planet, thus inertia and gravity were SOLELY governed by itself. Keely said you could produce this effect to such a degree that the object would float away like a bubble, independent of the mass (referring to the earth)." And yet another file showing an 'artificial neutral center' to deflect the aether/zpe influx that produces the illusion of gravity is about Edward Farrow; "Book lost 1/6th of its weight due to action of his 'electrical condenser'... In Farrow's explanation, he said that the dynamo acted to "intensify the vertical component" of the Hertzian waves which it generated. This intensification produced buoyancy in any object to which the unit was attached. The unusual pattern of Hertzian waves fanned out in a thin horizontal plane of electromagnetic stress over a broad area. ...The condensing dynamo employed either a horizontal row or a ring consisting of a series of interrupters or breaks (gaps) for producing this field. The ring of electrical breaks extended in a horizontal line around the perimeter of the device. Power and frequency of the oscillators were not given. The buoyant effect is similar to that produced by floating a sewing needle on water. Although the steel has a much higher density than the water below it, the surface tension permits the linkup of many surrounding water molecules in a thin film or sheet. Similarly, the dynamo lifts against the strong gravitational field by REACTION against the weak geomagnetic field. The interaction over a very wide area between this field and the Hertzian waves produces electrical buoyancy. No U.S. patent was received on the invention. " Taking into account Carr's use of conical gryos, which would be spinning on their axis to create a force beamed at the top of the ship, they are also on rotating assembly 14 which carries them through the horse shoe shaped electromagnets. This is HIGHLY similar to Joe Parr and Dan Davidsons experiments with rotating pyramids. If you have additional information you might wish to share, please contact Jerry Decker or post to the Interact discussion list... thanks! The US Patent Office uses a TIFF file format, if you click on Images and nothing comes through, you need to download and install the; Free AlternaTiff Viewer install it, reboot your computer, open a patent image, all the patents before 1971 are ONLY IMAGES, after 1971 they are text and image From KeelyNet 12/23/01 - http://www.keelynet.com/gravity/carr3.htm And see Tesla's Saucer – http://newilluminati.blog-city.com/nikola_teslas_flying_saucer__em_field_lift_experiments.htm The Prince of Centraxis This material is published under Creative Commons Copyright – reproduction for non-profit use is permitted & encouraged, if you give attribution to the work & author - and please include a (preferably active) link to the original along with this notice. Feel free to make non-commercial hard (printed) or software copies or mirror sites - you never know how long something will stay glued to the web – but remember attribution! If you like what you see, please send a tiny donation or leave a comment – and thanks for reading this far… Labels: antigravity, doug yurchey. solid state, flying saucers, free energy, gravity motor, hidden history, nikola tesla, otis carr, ralph ring, suppressed inventions, teleportation, tesla, ufo, ufos, utron Hanz VonBraun 23 June 2013 at 18:18 Similarly, a copper coil at the outer rim (located on the interior of the vessel) going all the way around and connected to itself creating a closed loop system is stationary while a large wheel having very large Neodymium magnets located at the outer edge of said wheel allows only the North ends of the magnets to pass in close proximity to the stationary copper coil then creates a very high voltage (20,000,000 volts) in the closed coil system and that voltage is then fed to an iron pole located running through the center of the craft from the top of the disc shaped craft to the bottom of the craft where the current is then fed to three large dual plated capacitors located at the bottom outside of the craft where the current is then transformed from electrical current to electrostatic fields projected outward from the bottom of the craft where this static field then bends around the outside of said craft attracted to the top of the iron pole at the top of the craft where the field then disapates into the top of the pole flowing in the same direction as the new incoming electrical current just in from the coil and the field is then transferred back into electrical current again and thus continues recirculating forever this way. When the power of the charge going to the capacitors is adjusted to around 290Kv per Cubic Centimeter it is then more powerful than gravity which as a set power amount of 289Kv/Ccm and the craft then floats weightlessly. For manuverability one simply adjusts the power to each capacitor independently for forward and back and left and right and a seperate coil at the base of the upper conical dome (the bridge) is energized seperately with its own charge amount for up and down manuvering. Now, hook all this to a computer controled steering wheel so that vectors of multi directional manuvering can be harnessed into the steering wheel so that the craft can be driven like a car and you have a simple and effective flying saucer that you can build in a large shop at someone's farm in total secret like we did and then fly it slowly the first few nights to get the hang of it before test flying it at higher altitudes. Note, you will find that for every KiloVolt above 289 you will be able to fly at about 1200 mph so 290 Kv into your upper bridge coils (located outside the craft above the middle of the rim of the craft and just below where the upper cockpit is attatched) will cause you to fly upwards at 1200 mph which is TOO FAAST! ! if you're not experienced so infuse into your circuite between the iron pole and your capacitors a main variable resistor that runs current into a much smaller variable resistor and run both to your computor control system so that you can use the smaller resistor to adjust volt by volt in a "main" accelerator pedal while a second accelerator pedal is for the large variable resistor. using the smaller accelerator pedal on the floor of your cockpit you can fly at "normal" relativistic speeds of between 1 mph and 1200 mph max. The main accelerator pedal will over-ride the smaller pedal if you contact it with your foot and those speeds will be between 1 mph and beyond light speed. Light speed is aquired easily in moments (outside our atmosphere) because the field around the craft eliminates inertia and all effects of gravity and therefore mass cannot become more dense as implied by Einstein. Einstein would be correct if the matter of the craft were directly exposed to space fabric at speeds aproaching light but the field insulates the matter of the craft and everything within the craft so his relativistic laws don't apply here. Have fun and BE VERY CAREFUL! ! ! ! ! new illuminati 21 July 2013 at 00:10 THANK YOU HANZ! Do you have a link for us? This all needs to be open sourced and working on by many groups simultaneously and brought to LIVE TV once completed for the world to see on a specific date. This way the cover up can be smashed open and no one will get anymore property confiscated and shut down. Set a revelation date and have cameras and crowds ready across the nation and globe. Austin m 3 November 2015 at 20:12 I want to build..I am being serious. I don't want to think about the possibilities any more, I want to be out there proving them to be true..I am not interested in profit or fame, but in the laws of the universe, the spiritual and technological advancement for the good of human kind. We must forfeit the military industrial complex. We must rise above their tyranny and their malicious motives. Money is what they seek but what they will get will be far from it....we must rise above before they drag us down with them, in their own path of self destruction. If there are any of you..my brothers and sisters here on this planet that are in the process of building and understanding this would you be interested in taking me upon your mission? Or if their are any of you wanting to do this...feel free to email me at [email protected]. no more of this longing for human kind to right itself, we must make it happen and we must do it soon..before its to late. I designed one, built one 18 years ago and went to mars. No joke guys..... Bloodviking, inventor, ufologist, wiseman American Stonehenge: Monumental Instructions for t... America's Grand Strategy: Militarizing Space The Future Isn't What It Used To Be: Living Throug... 'We Have Learned Nothing from the Genome' Illuminati Hypnosis: History of Hypnosis for Progr... Chernobyl death toll: 985,000, mostly from cancer Is AVIG the first electromagnetic free energy devi... Secret DARPA time travel program may hold key to u... Brooke the Immortal Girls Now Begin Puberty Aged Nine Is Precognition Real? All Consuming Growth - The Flaw of Western Economi... Physics 'Constants' Changing Comet Triggered Mini Ice Age? Hogan's holometer: Testing the hypothesis of a hol... 7 Secret Ways We Are Being Poisoned 'UFO' Spiral in the sky seen and heard across West... Forgotten In Time: The Ancient Solfeggio Frequenci... Five Times We Almost Nuked Ourselves by Accident Have Scientists Finally Discovered Evidence for Ps...

What is my target moisture level? What should I set my moisture setpoint to? The Spruce Sensor's soil moisture is expressed as volumetric water content (%). Simply stated, this is the quantity of water contained in the soil (with the soil itself, water, and air comprising 100%). Generally, soil moisture will range from 10% to 45%, but can be higher during and after watering. The water in your soil is stored on the surface of the soil particles, as well as in the pores, which are holes or gaps between individual soil particles. Pores will contain both water and air/oxygen. The amount of moisture in your soil will depend on weather (rain, heat, sun exposure, wind), runoff/drainage, and soil type (which dictates the size of the pores). Field Capacity is the amount (%) of soil moisture or water that a soil can hold after excess water has drained away. It also represents the ideal balance of air and water in the soil pores. Above field capacity, the pores are oversaturated with water and oxygen levels are restricted. Wilting point is the moisture level, below which, plants will wilt and eventually die. Water in the soil below wilting point is not available to the plant. Soil type will determine field capacity and wilting point, as the texture and structure of the soil will dictate how much and how fast water can infiltrate the soil. For example, sandy soil has large pores which allow water to move freely, and therefore also has a low field capacity. Conversely, the pores in clay are small, causing water to move slowly. Clay also forms a sticky mass when it gets wet, which slows drainage and increases water-holding capacity. The above information gives good context for ideal case situations. In the real world, it is difficult to suggest a moisture setpoint value because there are many variables. For example, the moisture reported by Spruce Sensors can vary depending on how well the probe is contacting the soil, and soil type. As well, soil is often a mix of several different types, making it difficult for users to know where their zone falls in the field capacity chart above. You can use Learn Mode to let Spruce learn what setpoint to use.

Mandram, a global platform for people interested in Tamil language and literature, marks the coming together of people from different backgrounds to share their perspectives, journey and success stories for everyone to be inspired. The first ever Mandram was organised in Chennai with speakers from varied backgrounds like science, art and culture sharing their perspectives. The next event of Mandram is being held in Bengaluru on June 9 in collaboration with National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) at the NCBS campus, Kodigehalli from 3.30 pm- 6 pm. Mandram expands with this event to present the Jigyasa project, where Kannada is also included in the platform. On June 9, we will have six speakers giving talks in Kannada and Tamil, organised by Mandram and NCBS. 1) Kollegala Sharma: Sharma is a zoologist by training and has worked as an academic, researcher and has authored many books. He is a vocal advocate of science who thinks it should reach people across language barriers. He will be speaking about Language and Science, in Kannada. 3) Vatsala Thirumalai: Vatsala leads the research on neural control of movement during development and in adulthood at NCBS. She will be talking in Tamil about electric impulses that flow through the human body. 4) Balaji Kutty: Balaji is the co-founder of Free Software Movement in Karnataka and is an entrepreneur and social activist keen on making software and computing skills accessible to all. Balaji's speech will be in Tamil and he speaks on the free software movement. Mandram was started in Jan 2018 by Maragathavalli Inbamuthiah (Director, AnitaB.org India), Venkatarama Ramachandran (Digital Story Teller and Product Manager) and Ravi Venkatesan (Creator of first ever sanskrit animated movie Punyakoti). Eminent scientists will share their knowledge in their mother tongues at this event.

Specialist lender Pepper Money has enhanced its criteria for self-employed borrowers and will now use the latest year's net income in affordability calculations. Previously the lender used average net income for the last two years in its affordability assessment. The change is designed to benefit business owners, entrepreneurs and sole traders who have seen their income increase in the last year. Earlier this year Pepper announced that it would accept additional income considerations, including expenses add-backs, directors' car allowance, directors' pension contributions, use of home as office and private health insurance. Rob Barnard, sales director at Pepper Money (pictured), said: "The growth of self-employment shows no sign of slowing with more than 4.8million people self-employed at the end of 2017. "For the owners of growing businesses, the ability to use latest year's net income, rather than an average of previous years can make a significant difference to how much they can borrow.

Need a garage in Bedford to fix the Coolant Change on your Jaguar? Save money: Instantly compare Jaguar Coolant Change prices in Bedford to find the best deal. Quick and easy: Simply enter the vehicle registration number of your Jaguar and your post code, compare prices, choose a garage in Bedford and book your Coolant Change.

Gig announcement number two of the summer. We had a blast last year at Trunk 7 Music Festival in Musquodoboit. We are thrilled to have been offered a spot to return this year joining a whole lot of buds on the bill.

BE ALERT! KEEP YOUR BRAIN ALIVE! It's always a good idea to be aware of what's right in front of your eyes. For example, you wouldn't try to cross Northern Boulevard without looking all around for traffic. You certainly wouldn't cross any street in Great Neck without watching for the crazy drivers, who are always in a rush to turn the corner, even if it means almost hitting any pedestrians who are crossing with the light and have the right of way. You are alert. You pay attention to your surroundings - if you want to survive. Let's see how alert you are. Read the sign in the upper right corner of this blog entry. See how alert you really are. If you can find the mistake the first time, you are above average. If it takes you two tries, that's still not bad. If you cannot see the mistake, come see Mr. Munshine in the Study Center and he will help you. By the way, it's important to use this same skill of alertness in copying your homework assignments and not losing them. A lack of awareness in that situation will lead to a lowering of your grades, and that can be avoided.

To start things off this week, I thought I would give you all a little tour of my Anime room. Some of you who know me personally, may have been to my house and seen this for yourself, but for the many of you who haven't - allow me to give you a little tour! Below are two videos: The first, being a basic tour of the room, and the second, showing you the lighting components in the room after dark. These videos are on my personal channel, which contains mostly just dumb stuff (like gameplay videos etc). Also these are around a year old, so there has been a few updates (mainly nendoroids), as well as some tech….but I find this to still cover the bulk of what the room encompasses in it's current state. In case you haven't seen yet, the Millennium Exile Appreciation Exclusive Artwork (say that three times fast) is now completed. I shared the news last night on all the major socials, but the image itself is for Patreons only as a way of saying thanks. I've shown some teasers in previous blogs on which give you an idea of the general layout, however the final result is mind-blowing!!!! I have written a little exert as something of a companion piece to the image, so if you would like to have a read - I'll leave a link to the text below. I'm currently in mid-celebration mode at the moment, as I have concluded yet another scene / sequence for the demo reel in which Vincent is introduced and inducted into GRAVE. The scene runs for a total of 5 images (all of which I have shared on the major socials), and features a VERY prominant and undisclosed voice actor, featuring as Mai. This would have typically taken 5 months to complete however with IQ40 now on the team, we managed to move through this segment from start to finish in just 4 weeks! I'll be sure to keep you all in the loop regarding any WIP's on Hary's end, but below you can see the next scene from IQ40 for an upcoming Demo Reel segment.

As illustrated in the introduction discussion this week, each of you has experienced a unique journey through a variety of educational experiences throughout your lives. Naturally, some of these experiences will have contributed to your personal development and identity with greater impact than others. Furthermore, many in-school variables have affected your educational journey. After reading selected materials from Week One, you should now be familiar with the research that describes the relationship between social class and school success (Chapter 7 and the Funds of Knowledge (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. help by students and their families). You will use this knowledge as a foundation for completing this assignment. For this assignment, describe a school-related experience that you believe influenced your identity either positively or negatively or both. You will analyze this experience and reflect on all the factors that might have shaped it, and the different ways these experiences shaped you. This analysis will include an examination of factors related to school (such as social class, socioeconomic status, diversity, family issues, etc.) that you believe influenced your schooling. This type of analysis provides a powerful introduction to learning more about the relationship between culture, education and how such factors can impact school. In your paper, include the following: A. Describe your selected school experience that influenced your personal identity development. (1 points) B. Describe the school where your experience took place including (a) school characteristics, (b) student population characteristics, (c) socio-economic background of the families affiliated with the school, (d) the family structures represented, and (e) values, behaviors, and symbols that would be considered normal in that community (microculture). (2 points) C. Explain the influence that your family's "funds of knowledge" and social capital had on your ability to succeed in your school; address your success in the following three areas: academic success, social success, and emotional success. (1 points) D. Explain, using specific examples, how educators could use information about culture and individual student identities to make effective instructional decisions. (1 points) If you are enrolled in the MAED Program, it is imperative that you keep copies of all assignments completed in this course. You will return to them for the portfolio that you will create in your final MAED course. This portfolio is a culminating project that will demonstrate that you have met program outcomes. Review this week's Instructor Guidance for additional information about completing this assignment. Contact your instructor for clarifications about this or any assessment in the course before the due date using the "Ask Your Instructor" forum. Then, also using the Grading Rubric as a guide for your performance on this assignment, construct your assignment to meet each of the content and written communication expectations. Review your assignment with the Grading Rubric to be sure you have achieved the distinguished levels of performance for each criterion and submit the assignment for evaluation no later than Day 7. The My School and Its Culture paper 1. Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. 2. Must include a separate title page with the following: I. Title of paper II. Student's name III. Course name and number IV. Instructor's name V. Date submitted 3. Must use at least 3 scholarly, peer-reviewed, credible sources in addition to the course text. I. The Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment. 4. Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. 5. Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. As illustrated in the introduction discussion this week, each of you has experienced a unique journey through a variety of educational experiences throughout your lives. Naturally, some of these experiences will have contributed to your personal development and identity with greater impact than others. Furthermore, many in-school variables have affected your educational journey. After reading selected materials from Week One, you should now be familiar with the research that describes the relationship between social class and school success (Chapter 7 and the Funds of Knowledge (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. help by students and their families). You will use this knowledge as a foundation for completing this assignment. For this assignment, describe a school-related experience that you believe influenced your identity either positively or negatively or both. You will analyze this experience and reflect on all the factors that might have shaped it, and the different ways these experiences shaped you. This analysis will include an examination of factors related to school (such as social class, socioeconomic status, diversity, family issues, etc.) that you believe influenced your schooling. This type of analysis provides a powerful introduction to learning more about the relationship between culture, education and how such factors can impact school. In your paper, include the following:  Describe your selected school experience that influenced your personal identity development. (1 points)  Describe the school where your experience took place including (a) school characteristics, (b) student population characteristics, (c) socio-economic background of the families affiliated with the school, (d) the family structures represented, and (e) values, behaviors, and symbols that would be considered normal in that community (microculture). (2 points)  Explain the influence that your family's "funds of knowledge" and social capital had on your ability to succeed in your school; address your success in the following three areas: academic success, social success, and emotional success. (1 points)  Explain, using specific examples, how educators could use information about culture and individual student identities to make effective instructional decisions. (1 points) If you are enrolled in the MAED Program, it is imperative that you keep copies of all assignments completed in this course. You will return to them for the portfolio that you will create in your final MAED course. This portfolio is a culminating project that will demonstrate that you have met program outcomes. Review this week's Instructor Guidance for additional information about completing this assignment. Contact your instructor for clarifications about this or any assessment in the course before the due date using the "Ask Your Instructor" forum. Then, also using the Grading Rubric as a guide for your performance on this assignment, construct your assignment to meet each of the content and written communication expectations. Review your assignment with the Grading Rubric to be sure you have achieved the distinguished levels of performance for each criterion and submit the assignment for evaluation no later than Day 7. The My School and Its Culture paper 1. Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. 2. Must include a separate title page with the following: o Title of paper o Student's name o Course name and number o Instructor's name o Date submitted 3. Must use at least 3 scholarly, peer-reviewed, credible sources in addition to the course text. o The Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment. 4. Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. 5. Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. For this Final Project, you will select from both Bolman and Deal's four frames and Morgan's metaphors to make sense of an organization you have chosen. In doing this, you will create a more comprehensive way of making sense of behavior and business processes. You will provide recommendations for action that will lead to a more productive and satisfying place to work. For this Final Project, you will review your learning resources and follow the guidelines below. Final Project (8–10 pages): Select an organization for which you work or you have experience. You may also find a case study on an organization, either in the course materials or through research, but you must have it approved by the Instructor ahead of time (by Week 5) and ensure it has not been analyzed within either of the texts. Begin with an introduction containing the purpose of the analysis, your position, and a narrative of your guiding principles so that the reader knows what to expect and the context of your paper. Topic titles after the introduction (you may have additional subtopic heads under these) include: Background of the Company (Do not use the actual name of a company if you need to keep it anonymous.) Rationale for Selecting the Company A Diagnostic Reading of the Organization and a Storyline (See Morgan's Chapter 11 as a guide.) Select the two most relevant frames of the four that surface in the "reading" of your organization and provide the issues and possible options. Structural Frame and Metaphors/Issues and Options Human Resources Frame and Metaphors/Issues and Options Political Frame and Metaphors/Issues and Options Symbolic Frame and Metaphors/Issues and Options Also, include the following: Identify and Interpret interrelationships of the frames. Suggest recommendations for organizational improvement. Provide a conclusion. Note: Be sure to write an abstract for the paper, when completed, and follow APA format to include a title page, reference list, and evidence from the resources or other materials you have discovered to support your arguments. Download a Course Paper template from the Walden Writing Center. Note: Be sure to review Morgan's Chapter 11 to assist you in the process as well as the worksheets that were used in the example in Bolman and Deal's analysis on pages 412 and 424. Setting up worksheets like these before trying to write an analysis can be helpful to you in making sense of the dynamics.

South-east Asia stocks: Philippines falls over 2%; most others start new year on positive note A trader talking on his mobile phone during the last trading day of the year at the Philippine Stock Exchange in Taguig, on Dec 27, 2019.PHOTO: EPA-EFE Jan 2, 2020, 2:10 pm SGT https://str.sg/JTrc BENGALURU (REUTERS) - Philippine shares slumped over 2 per cent to their lowest in about two weeks on utilities and industrials, while most other South-east Asian stock markets started the new year in the green amid Sino-United States trade deal progress. The Philippine index extended losses for the third straight session, on their first trading day since Dec 27, 2019. "Foreign outflows continue to put pressure on the market, and we may see no respite just yet until the issues on the water concessionaires' contracts are clarified", an AP Securities note said. Utilities and industrials have been strained since Philippines' water regulator cancelled the extension of concession deals with the country's two largest utilities Manila Water Co Inc and Maynilad Water Services after pressure from President Rodrigo Duterte. DMCI Holdings and Metro Pacific Investments Corp, major shareholders of Maynilad Water Services, slumped as much as 6.8 per cent and 8.1 per cent, respectively. Meanwhile, most other markets in the region gained on their first trading day of 2020, buoyed by easing Sino-US trade tensions and positive policy thrust from China. US President Donald Trump said on Tuesday that Phase One of the trade deal with China would be signed on Jan 15 at the White House, though considerable confusion remains about the details of the agreement. News of monetary policy easing by China, the region's top trade partner, also aided sentiment after the country's central bank on Wednesday cut the amount of cash that banks must hold as reserves to boost the economy. Amid the trade deal cheer and Beijing's policy thrust, the "market is set to start 2020 on a solid footing", said Zhu Huani, an analyst at Mizuho Bank in a note. Asian shares rise on China's policy easing, trade deal hopes US-China 'Phase One' trade deal to be signed Jan 15 Trade-sensitive Singapore shares rose as its fourth quarter GDP data came in line with expectations firmed expectations for a modest recovery in 2020. Thai and Malaysian stocks gained over 0.4 per cent each, while Indonesian equities edged lower.

Liverpool commits to tackling ageism We need to change the way we talk about ageing – that's the pledge that Liverpool City Council will be making next week. On Tuesday 1 October, the UN's International Day of Older Persons, Deputy... Read More Hillsborough trial outcome – Mayor Anderson's reaction Mayor Anderson responds to the Hillsborough trial outcome. Read More Liverpool Submits £1.4BN COVID-19 Recovery Plan To No 10 Liverpool has set out an unprecedented £1.4bn plan to help boost the nation's post-Covid recovery and preparations for a post-Brexit economy. The city has submitted a 178-page report to the Prime Minister and the Chancellor... Read More City vigil to remember Hillsborough A city vigil will be held on St George's Plateau on 12 September, from 5pm, for people to come together to support the Hillsborough families. Read More Elliot Group completes restoration of listed Georgian terrace Developer Elliot Group has completed the refurbishment of a listed Georgian terrace in Liverpool's Canning neighbourhood following a blueprint agreed with Liverpool City Council. The nine properties, which form an L-shape along Percy Street and... Read More Harnessing Liverpool's Creative Power The Creativity and Innovation Commission set up by Mayor of Liverpool Joe Anderson meets for the first time today (Thursday, October 2) to review how the city can maximise its potential. Read More Mayor calls for review of council funding formula Mayor of Liverpool Joe Anderson is calling on the Government to urgently review its funding formula for local authorities – in the wake of a new independent report which has found the city has been hardest hit per head by austerity. Read More Councillors work together to tackle "worst crisis since WW2" Politicians of all parties on Liverpool City Council are uniting next week to call for urgent Government action to tackle the authority's "perilous financial situation". A special budget-themed meeting of all 90 elected members is... Read More Cuts to Covid-19 support "puts lives at risk" – Mayor A "scandalous" cut in financial support to Liverpool's attempt to tackle the Covid-19 crisis will costs lives, according to the city's Mayor. Read More CommunityEducationRegeneration A ton of success for apprenticeship scheme More than 100 young people have got their first break thanks to a scheme in Liverpool aimed at lifting teenagers out of unemployment. Read More From Mayor Joe Anderson: Sir Phil Redmond "Sir Phil Redmond – congratulations and about time! Many years ago Phil stood on the steps of the arena, relayed his now famous scouse wedding line about European Capital of Culture and dared the media... Read More City Council empowers residents with £1m 'Community Chest' Communities across Liverpool are being given the chance to take control of their future thanks to a new £1m city council improvement fund. Read More

At a recent public hearing in regard to a proposed prohibition on the use of live fish as bait in Maine's North Region, retired Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW) biologist Paul Johnson defended the use of live fish as bait by comparing the number of species of fish found in Moosehead Lake today versus when they first started keeping records. Per Johnson, not much has changed at Moosehead regarding its species assemblage and the lake is heavily fished with live minnows. The implication was that live bait is not an issue. This statement was misleading due to the fact that Moosehead was being fished long before MDIFW had reliable records and some of the damage may have already be done. Johnson also stated that three of the nonnative fish, smallmouth bass and white and yellow perch, now found in the lake were gamefish and the result of "bucket biology," not the use of live fish as bait. While that is likely the case with regard to bass and white perch, yellow perch are just as likely to have entered the system via their use as self-trapped live bait. While many Maine anglers admittedly target white perch, yellow perch are not nearly as popular making it less likely they were deliberately introduced. MDIFW biologist Greg Burr recently made a similar unsubstantiated statement about how landlocked alewives found their way into Beech Hill Pond. Twelve of the species now found in Moosehead Lake are listed as legal-to-use "baitfish" by MDIFW. Of the five species of fish that are clearly nonnative, along with the bass and perch, two were introduced by MDIFW – landlocked salmon and smelt. Johnson himself introduced mysis shrimp into the lake, a species of crustacean blamed for the collapse of the salmon fishery at Flathead Lake in Montana. For comparative purposes, let's talk about Big Reed Pond, a small remote pond in northern Maine recently reclaimed to try to save rare native Arctic charr. Big Reed Pond had ten species of fish in it at time of reclamation. It was purported that six of these, or 60% of the species found in the pond at the time, were nonnative minnows, including highly invasive smelt. Unlike Moosehead Lake, Big Reed Pond is very lightly fished and likely was not fished at all for decades after people started fishing Moosehead. Like Moosehead Lake however, seven of the fish were first reported in 1958 - the first time MDIFW formally surveyed the pond. The other three species, all of which are minnows (smelt, creek chub, and pearl dace) were first reported in 1991, 1992, and 2006 respectively. How did these nonnative minnows get there? The number of native salmonid waters in Maine compromised, or worse, by nonnative baitfish actually exceeds the number compromised by nonnative gamefish – and by far. At what point will MDIFW accept this fact and respond accordingly, and by that I mean stop protecting "traditional fishing methods" and the "bait industry" and start taking a fish-first position that recognizes all nonnative fish as an equal threat.

Columbia 300's Jakob Butturff has won the 2019 USBC Masters, his first career major. He defeated Track's Mykel Holliman (second place) 228-196. Other #TeamEBI top five finishes include: Columbia 300's Mitch Hupe (fifth) and Track's Jake Peters (third).

A modern 2 double bedroom, 2 bathroom apartment conveniently located 1 mile from Oxford Parkway station. It comes fully furnished to a high standard and has a spacious open plan kitchen/living area which has access to a private balcony. The Gosford Hill sports centre is within close proximity, there is also a superstore and a range of restaurants all within a 10 minute walk. The property also benefits from an off-street parking space and use of a large communal garden.

Xiamen Mayor Pei Jinjia visits Clenergy Clenergy International The Xiamen Mayor Pei Jinjia and other government officials recently visited the Clenergy Technology Park. Mayor Pei viewed and learned the Clenergy's facilities along with Clenergy VP Ming Wang, Vice General Manager Nick Sun and Vice General Manager Cheng Wang. The group stopped at the Clenergy Showroom, which showcases Clenergy's work in clean energy investment, solar project services and key solar products like the PV-ezRack mounting systems and power electronics products. Clenergy VP Ming Wang highlighted the PV industry's positive impact on pollution reduction and its long term social benefits. Mayor Pei also got introduced to Clenergy's mission, its development in recent years and its future objectives. He expressed confidence in the future potential of clean energy, with particular enthusiasm for the application of distributed energy generation with photovoltaic. Furthermore he also expressed his hope that the industry and Clenergy will continue its fast pace development. "Mayor Pei's visit to Clenergy was a great honor, the support of Xiamen's municipal government for clean energy development shows valuable commitment for its citizens and for the industry" said Mr. Ming. "We'd like to thank Mr. Pei for his appreciated praise, input and suggestions about Clenergy's development," he added. "It's was a real confirmation and encouragement for us for continuing our committed work in making a cleaner and safer tomorrow for future generations." About Clenergy Clenergy (www.clenergy.com) is a technology company in the solar PV industry, with its headquarters in Xiamen, China, and branch offices in Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and a regional office in Malaysia. Clenergy designs, manufactures and distributes a range of renewable energy products, including solar PV mounting products, inverters and power electronic equipment, which address the needs of residential, commercial and utility scale customers. Clenergy is an ISO 9001 accredited company and all of its products comply with international standards. It is through its focus on innovation, quality and service that Clenergy has achieved rapid growth and built a strong international reputation. Clenergy's products and solutions are marketed and distributed through a worldwide network of strategic partners and distributors. For more information, please visit www.clenergy.com

us to host and develop diverse and engaging events. your guests and providing a one of a kind experience. can often be as important to your reputation as the issue itself. We can advise you how to control and manage the media quickly by mlk law fresno ca and effectively to ensure reputational damage is minimized.

Some research has actually shown that raw unroasted green coffee beans, or "green coffee bean essence" could offer a variety of potential healthy benefits. Green coffee beans are coffee beans, which have not been roasted. And also green coffee bean extract is an essence from the unroasted green coffee bean. Green Coffee Bean Pure 6000mg from Evolution-Slimming includes less than 2% high levels of caffeine content at a optimum 6,000 milligrams toughness for organic fat burning without side effects. Evolution-Slimming is certified by the Trusted Shops plan so your acquisition is assured to show up or you get your refund. Green Coffee Bean Pure 6000mg from Evolution-Slimming will deliver worldwide, according the the Evolution-Slimming main site, so it can be bought from the Evolution-Slimming official site to deliver to Kiribati. There is another address given also on the Evolution-Slimming official web site for returns from worldwide buyers, and particularly discusses Evolution-Slimming recommending it ships there regularly. Where Can You Buy Green Coffee Bean Extract Diet Pills in Kiribati? A lot of searches for a committed location to Buy Green Coffee Bean Extract in Kiribati associated with numerous website sale of a Green Coffee Bean Extract products. There does not appear to be a particular website where Green Coffee Bean Extract offers to Kiribati, and all searches go back to the regular site or to various other products. Green Coffee Bean Extract can be bought from the Evolution-Slimming official web site from Kiribati and this seems like the only way to get it. Just like any kind of product, it might sometimes show up on ebay.com or Amazon.com, nevertheless this is not most likely to be as dependable as from the Evolution-Slimming main website as well as it is normally encouraged not to buy from ebay.com or Amazon.com as the quality or refunds can not be ensured. Is There A Website That Provide Green Coffee Bean Extract Diet Pills To Kiribati? Evolution-Slimming will ship their product worldwide, consisting of to Kiribati. Consumers simply have to choose their country of house when completing their information on the order form. They additionally show a returns address for worldwide customers and also those from Kiribati on their returns page, proposing they should deliver to Kiribati on a regular basis if they feel the have to show a different address for Kiribati. They offer an description of just how much delivery costs linked with overseas delivery, so individuals should not be worry of any added concealed expenses. Green Coffee Bean Extract Pills is only readily available online from the Evolution-Slimming main internet site as well as ships worldwide, with a 30-day money-back warranty. Are There Any Green Coffee Bean Extract Distributors In Kiribati? Green Coffee Bean Pure 6000mg from Evolution-Slimming has been a huge success worldwide as well as appears to be very popular in Kiribati particularly. Nevertheless online searches do not bring up any type of results regarding suppliers based in Kiribati or specialized company available for this supply. Definitely, any sort of search engine result that do appear are usually dead links or web link back to the same web page under different names. Green Coffee Extract is stemmed from green, or raw unroasted coffee beans. Green Coffee Extract 2000mg with 20% Chlorogenic Acid (GCA) is optimal as weight-loss supplement which is 6000mg every day at 3 tablets daily. Green Coffee bean aids the upkeep and also regeneration of healthy cells and might have anti-aging and also weight-loss benefits. It is recognized to enhance metabolic rate yet will not create uneasy feelings linked with caffeine. Green Coffee Bean Extract appears to be popular in Kiribati, however there does not seem to be a collection website or page readily available for Kiribati especially. An additional product which looks to be properly the very same product, although this is unconfirmed. The Green Coffee Bean Pure 6000mg from Evolution-Slimming seems to be the most effective method to Purchase this item in Kiribati as they ship worldwide, as well as allows a better opportunity of customer support compared to if bought from a third party retailer. Can I Buy Green Coffee Bean Extract in Kiribati? You do not need to stress over Green Coffee Bean Extract distribution to your address due to the fact that presently Green Coffee Bean Extract is available in the all Region or City in Kiribati.

Seem challenging to fix XVID video files? Looking for some solution? Hold on, because the exact tips to tackle the very issue is here. But before diving into the solution lets know about XVID and the problems for which the video needs to be fixed. XVID associated to MPEG videos which indeed offers various functionalities. It has been widely used in movie files and other large videos. While at the same time this video file is tends to damage and any sort of mishandling or other mishap in XVID file would result in video corruption. Consequently the file does not play in different media player unless you fix XVID video files. Though there might be many reasons for video damage including virus attack, inaccurate way of transferring, compressing of video and much more. However fortunately it is possible to resolve XVID corruption. One way to fix XVID Video Files is either download or restore the same video file which has been damaged from its existing location. Even if copy of file gonna help in restoring it but under extreme cases you should look for third party solution. Thanks to Recovery Software that provides repairing and recovering of damaged videos simultaneously. It is highly integrated with efficient and sophisticated scan mechanism that lets you to Fix XVID Video Files. After that the tool even allows to recover videos after scanning. All in all this is a complete solution to handle issues incorporated with XVID or any other video format. That's right!!

Transition Project is a statewide peer leadership program utilizing upperclassmen to help incoming freshman make a successful adjustment into high school. Transition Project groups incoming freshman (groups of about 10) with upperclassmen (peer leaders) in small groups. Peer leaders are trained to facilitate an outreach session, once a month, during physical education classes. Outreach topics include: decision-making, problem solving, time management, active listening, communication, relationship-building, prejudice reduction, adjustment to change, identity exploration, and academic achievement. WHO ARE THE PEER LEADERS & WHAT IS THEIR COMMITMENT? Peer Leaders are upperclassmen (11th and 12th graders) who are interested in working with incoming freshman. Peer Leaders participate in (2) mandatory trainings (September & January). There is a limited after school commitment throughout the year. Once a month peer leaders will participate in an outreach session by preparing a lesson/activity, facilitating the session, and critiquing the lesson. Peer leaders will also help with 8th grade orientation in January and Freshman orientation in August. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF TRANSITION PROJECT? Being a peer leader has many benefits including: making new friends, college recognition, increase in self-esteem, and recognition for your ability to work well with peers. A Peer Leader is a member of an elite group of students helping to make Triton an enjoyable place to learn. Students interested in becoming a peer leader must fill out an application. Peer leaders are interviewed and selected at the end of each school year.

QUnit comes with a number of other test functions as well. Some, such as notEqual() and notDeepEqual(), are simply the inverses of functions we've used, while others such as strictEqual() and throws() have more distinct uses. More information about these functions, as well as details and additional examples regarding QUnit in general, are available on the QUnit website (http://qunitjs.com/) as well as the QUnit API site (http://api.qunitjs.com/).

Home Innovation 5 Inspiring Stories – Why Frugal Innovation Necessary To Make Our Life More progressive 5 Inspiring Stories – Why Frugal Innovation Necessary To Make Our Life More progressive Frugal Innovation AtitMore Frugal Innovations are Innovative Ideas using limited resources. When I refer to Navi Radjou's speech at TEDx, I was amazed at what frugal innovation can do our lives. When external resources are scarce. Innovators go within themselves to tap the most abundant resources, human ingenuity. The Amazing thing about all these entrepreneurs is that streets are their lab. At such low-cost input, they make such brilliant ideas. All these Frugal Innovations in India are known as "Jugaad". Yes, we can say Jugaad ideas are not perfect. But they have the ability to transform those ideas into opportunity. The key to learning such frugal innovation is by mastering the art. The art of doing something more with something less. Which is the true essence of frugal innovation? Jugaad is not about innovation, which the World hasn't seen before. It's something about transforming those existing ideas into a low cost and efficient way. Being an entrepreneur, one may think of having a big successful life. A life to do something bigger than these frugal innovations. But a true entrepreneur is not a one who do business for money. But the one who serves the people in a more efficient way. You would also be amazed to see that most of Entrepreneur and Companies around the globe. They are adopting these frugal innovations on a larger scale. Related Article:- Lily Camera |The Throw and Shoot Flying Drone Quadcopter Introduction, Review, Sales The Way We Think: – We all run chasing the next big technology thing. For example – Apple smartphones 4, 5, 6 then 7 and 8. The companies spend billions of dollars investing in R&D's. They also use up tons of resources to create more complex products. To differentiate their product from their competition. But all these things affect the customers, i.e. us. As every time a new feature is introduced price to increase. If we divide the World into 2 things — Innovators and consumers. The West dominates the East for new innovative technologies. Talking about the West, they believe more in the conventional models. The more for more concept. For example – Spending more, for newer innovative technologies. Sadly, this more for more concept is running out of resources viz. Water, natural gas. There are 3 main reasons behind it. 3 Reason Why More for More Concept Not the Future- Target Customer Even if the West dominates the East, they are not the largest consumer of the World. As because of the diminishing purchasing power, everyone cannot afford these expensive products. Related Article:- Most of part of the World are running out of resources. In the West, California (Silicon Valley) is facing the problem of Water Scarcity. This has led to a big disconnect between the rich and the poor. Fast growing market has led to the disconnection. The disconnection between existing products, services and basic needs of the customers. Also Check: – Lay's Vending Machine An Innovative Product & Lesson For Other Manufacturers 5 Amazing Frugal Innovation Which Could Inspire Us to Do More: – Fridge Without Electricity 5 Inspiring Stories On Why Frugal Innovation Necessary To Make Your Life More Progressive Mansukh Prajapati Fridge Without Electricity Mansukh Prajapati, A Potter man from India. He created a fridge made out of clay. The fridge is so unique that it consumes no electricity. The fridge enables us to keep fruits and vegetable fresh for many days. Produce Water From Thin Air 5 Inspiring Stories On Why Frugal Innovation Necessary To Make Your Life More Produce Water From Thin Air In the regions of Lima, Peru. This is a region with high humidity, which receives only one inch of rainfall every year. An engineering college in Lima designed a giant advertising billboard. The Amazing thing about this billboard. The billboard absorbs air humidity and converts into Purified Water. The billboard is so efficient that it generates 90 liters of Water every day. M-Pesa & M-Kopa 5 Inspiring Stories On Why Frugal Innovation Necessary To Make Your Life More M-Pesa & M-Kopa The African Continent, where 80% of African do not have a bank account. They all rely on M-Pesa — a mobile payment solution. Also, a bigger problem the African continent faces a lack of energy to produce electricity. But M-Kopa — home solar box provide a solution. M-Kopa has a solar rooftop panel, 3 LED lights, a solar radio and cell phone charger. The whole kit though costs 200 dollars, which is too expensive for most of the people. But M-Pesa provides a solution for this too. Customer first has to make an initial payment of 35 dollars and pay rest by 45 cents by 365 micro-payments. Once all the micro-payments are done. The system is set to unlock and the customer owns the product. High-Quality Food 5 Inspiring Stories On Why Frugal Innovation Necessary To Make Your Life More High-Quality Food A joint venture between Grameen Bank and Food multinational Danone. This small size factory is 10% size of every Danone factories. But the factory still produces high-quality Yogurt. While this factory is not as automated as factories in the West. But rely a lot more on the manual resources (human power). Only with a purpose to generate jobs for local communities. This model is so efficient that combine economic efficiency and social sustainability. Compte Nickel 5 Inspiring Stories On Why Frugal Innovation Necessary To Make Your Life More Compte Nickel This is a start-up business which provides International banking facilities. It allows for thousands of people to walk into mom and pop stores. And in just five minutes activate the service. The service gives them 2 product viz. An international bank a/c number and International debit card. They charge an annual maintenance fee of just 20 Euros. Customers are set to send and receive money in any part of the World with no extra charges. Must Read: – Meet Young Reuben Paul – A Hacker Who's Changing the World in his Own Way Amazingly, 75% of customers using this service belong to the middle-class family. They all cannot afford high banking fees. This is frugal ways to provide low-cost banking without a bank Previous articleMallakhamb – History, Indian Gymnastic Pole, Information In English Next articleSparsh Shah The Young Little Boy Know How He Turned Impossible Into I'M Possible 10 Wise Things You Should Do In 2019 To Make It A Grand Year Saina Nehwal Biography, Profile, Achievements, Videos, Life History, Information, Wiki Self Development: Sundar Pichai Cockroach Theory At IIT-MIT Alumnus Digital India Initiative Program| Know Digital India Project, Benefits, Information, Campaign Revealed – Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg Hiring Technique AtitMore - September 7, 2018 0 1st July Canada Day, What Is Canada Day, Information, About AtitMore - April 28, 2019 0 AtitMore - June 28, 2018 0

USCIRF Hearing: Religious Freedom in Nigeria Jun 9th 10:30am - Jun 9th 12:00pm U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom Hearing Religious Freedom in Nigeria: Extremism and Government Inaction Virtual Hearing Hearing Transcript Hearing Summary Please join the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) for a virtual hearing on the escalation of violence by nonstate actors in Nigeria and its potential to exacerbate deteriorating religious freedom conditions. Insecurity is spreading in Nigeria, with violent attacks against civilians or security forces occurring daily. Among the complex web of armed actors and motivations, extremists in various parts of the country target individuals and communities based on their religious identity. Christian and Muslim communities fear for their lives, risking death, mutilation, and abduction when they worship in public and celebrate significant religious ceremonies. Amidst this shocking scale of violence, government inaction is pervasive. Impunity for extremists who target religious communities and houses of worship is systemic across much of the country. In some localities, politicians prioritize elite bargains over the safety of religious communities. The federal government's approach has failed to curb the violence and protect its citizens' rights to freedom of religion or belief. How can the U.S. government encourage and support Nigeria in addressing impunity for extremist violence? Witnesses will review violence inflicted on religious communities in Nigeria, explain where the federal government's efforts to address these violations are falling short, and explore policy options for the U.S. government to help protect religious freedom for Nigerian communities. Anurima Bhargava, Chair, USCIRF Written Remarks Tony Perkins, Vice Chair, USCIRF Hon. Frank Wolf, Former Representative, Virginia's 10th Congressional District, United States House of Representatives Written Testimony Mike Jobbins, Vice President, Global Affairs and Partnerships, Search for Common Ground Hafsat Maina Muhammed, Founder, Choice for Peace, Gender, and Development Anthony Bature, Catholic Priest; Head of Department, Religious Studies, Federal University, Wukari, Turaba State, Nigeria Tomás F. Husted, Analyst in African Affairs, Congressional Research Service Witnesses' Bios Submitted for the Record: A report from an organization operating Christian hospitals for over 50 years in Nigeria This hearing is open to Members of Congress, congressional staff, the public, and the media. Members of the media should register online and can email [email protected] for any questions or to schedule an interview. The video recording of the hearing will be posted on the Commission website. For any additional questions, please contact Nina Ullom at [email protected] or (202) 322-0232.

25 Promoters from all five continents have been selected to help the ITTF Foundation to promote grassroots diplomacy through table tennis on the 50th anniversary of Ping Pong Diplomacy. The Promoter Initiative has become an essential part of World Table Tennis Day since its debut in 2021. We are happy to introduce our 25 Promoters worldwide for World Table Tennis Day 2022 whose creativity surpassed our imagination. Zanemvula Dayimani and the Inkwenkwezi Youth Development Sport Foundation in South Africa plans to facilitate the dialogue between children of conflicting post-war communities in Eastern Cape. Birungi Crian Lloyd and the Hoima Network of Child Rights Clubs (HONECRIC) uses table tennis to raise awareness of the effects of bullying. Their campaign Peace and Harmony brings together freshmen and older students in schools in Hoima, Uganda to better understand each other and to further prevent bullying. Current table tennis player Offiong Edem and her not-for-profit Offiong Edem Foundation are planning on an anti-conflict city walk for awareness, as well as a conflict-resolution workshop to provide a resolution between the warring communities in Calabar South, Nigeria. In Madagascar, Misraëls Rakotondrabe and Just Playing Ping nail two birds with one stone (or rather, one table tennis ball). Her World Table Tennis Day event not only addresses the political differences but also famine in the southern part of the country. Her use of table tennis as a tool to achieve both is out of the world. Stay tuned and sign up for our newsletter to discover her approach. In Makululu, Zambia, one of the biggest slums in Southern Africa, Maximilian Chanda and the Community Health Education Sports Initiative Zambia focuses on gender-based violence, child, early and forced marriages, in addition to crime and substance abuse. Their plan for World Table Tennis Day is to create a safe space for girls through table tennis, as well as workshops on reproductive health and rights. Conflicts between pastoralists and farmers in rural areas affected by climate change are common in Morogoro, Tanzania. Angelus Runji and the Conservation of Nature for Survival is calling for an Earth walk on World Table Tennis Day to deliver the message of peace. Table tennis matches in public spaces and secondary schools will also take place to start the facilitate dialogues and early engagement. Israel Smith and the Dadin Kowa Youth Connect in Nigeria focus their event on conflict prevention among Christian and Muslim communities. There will be a Ping Pong Diplomacy tournament for students from 16 schools, as well as workshops designed for community members in overcoming religious conflicts. Bringing the four ethnic tribes in Akufful Krodua, Ghana together in a friendly tournament, Arthur Kenneth and the Backspinners Table Tennis Club is looking to ease off the tension and reduce the violence between those tribes and build a platform for dialogues. Nelly Nkatha Mutuma and the St. Teresa's Table Tennis Club in Nairobi, Kenya hopes to promote unity among young players from different clubs and foster non-hateful communication by encouraging them to become the "Peace Ambassadors". Determined to resolve the conflict between table tennis managers within the province of Quito, Ecuador, Allison Quintanilla and the club Universidad San Francisco de Quito is planning on inviting the president of the provincial table tennis federation and club leaders to compete in friendlies. Also in Ecuador, Yamali Blanco and FUDELA use the opportunity to address juvenile delinquency, illiteracy, and multidimensional violence in the city of Esmeraldas through table tennis tournaments and community festivals. Targeting one of the most serious social issues, James Budenholzer and the American Youth Table Tennis Organisation will bring together youth of different backgrounds to learn and interact through table tennis on April 6. In Toronto, Canada, Mabel Ho and the Yee Hong Centre for Geriatric Care tackle generational exclusion and the stigmas for elder people, people with dementia with age-friendly and inclusive events on World Table Tennis Day. Identifying signs of violence and abuse can potentially stop tension from further escalating to the crime that undermines peace. Nicolas Montes Rios, the Fundación Cultura viva and Club tigres in Manizales, Colombia introduces role models that have overcome a past of violence, drugs, and poverty to the participants of the programme "El barrio sin violencia" to stop abuse and violence against children. Bayasaikhan and the Table Tennis Academy of Mongolia address the differences between the rural and urban populations in Ulaanbaatar by bringing people from various social statuses across the capital. Naresh Rawal of Stag Saroj's table tennis 4 all club in Nepal is looking to organise a tablet tennis camp with 100 participants of different religions and caste backgrounds in the hope to help them to overcome stereotypes and bias. Lokesh Singh Bagri and the organisation PSIUS in India aims to reduce inequality and promote gender equality with a series of Pan-India event, including awareness camps and table tennis tournament. Also in India, our current Dream Building Fund recipient Pro Sport Development and Promoter Khadija Moin leads a group of youths to organise four events in school to raise awareness about gender discrimination for 200 youths, as well as to teach how to make sport a platform for constructive dialogues. Mayssa Bsaibes and the Lebanese Table Tennis Federation was some of our most devoted Promoters for World Table Tennis Day 2021. Her focus this year would be to use table tennis to resolve the conflict between religions and politics, specifically between Chiyah and Ein El Emmaneh, Christians and the Muslims in Beirut, Lebanon. In Thessaloniki, Greece, Nikolaos Gramenos and the Mediterra Institute use the opportunity to bring together athletes from different countries and cultures, with a special focus on the Greek and Turkish communities. Their World Table Tennis Day event consists of a marathon race mimicking the Olympic Torch Relay with table tennis balls, mixed doubles of Turkish and Greek players, and a match inside an aeroplane. Argjend Ferati and the Kosovo Table Tennis Federation plans to promote table tennis in cities around Pristina that currently have no registered clubs. While Kastriot Orana and the Klubi i Pingpongut Priping Table Tennis Club try to re-integrate Serbians living in Kosovo, facilitate Kosovo-Serbia dialogue by inviting ambassadors in Prishtina to the friendly tournament Looking to unite the conflicted parties through table tennis, Zurab Berukashvili and the Table Tennis Federation of Georgia celebrate the upcoming World Table Tennis Day with a conflict resolution tournament with residents living by the Russia-Georgia conflict zone. Renato Walkowiak and the Paris 13 Tennis de table in France help the migrant families integrate into the French community by introducing the buddy system in schools, where a child from a club acts as the buddy of a student introduce them to table tennis. In Suva, Fiji, Dhirish Kumar and the Fiji Table Tennis Association target crime amongst youths. Their World Table Tennis Day event features awareness programmes in two cities with high violence and crime rate. The aim is to divert youths to use sport instead of violence and bring together community members of different cultural backgrounds.

Q: Relative Spritesheet Animation in CSS I'm trying to find the best way to animate a sprite sheet in a webpage using CSS; I found an example at http://jsfiddle.net/simurai/CGmCe/, but the rendering frame is in absolute pixels of 50x72. I need the sizing to be relative so that I can downscale the animated sprite to smaller sizes at smaller screen resolutions; I have tried swapping out the absolute pixel values for relative sizes, and changing the background-position property in the keyframe animation to a relative value, but this does not seem to work (The animation becomes wonky, seemingly slowly moving from one frame to another, instead of playing as it should). Any help/advice would be greatly appreciated. .myAnimationProperties { width: 25%; height: 25%; background-image: url("Images/mySpriteSheet.png"); -webkit-animation: play .8s steps(6) infinite; -moz-animation: play .8s steps(6) infinite; -ms-animation: play .8s steps(6) infinite; -o-animation: play .8s steps(6) infinite; animation: play .8s steps(6) infinite; } @-webkit-keyframes play { from { background-position: 0%; } to { background-position: -100%; } } @-moz-keyframes play { from { background-position: 0%; } to { background-position: -100%; } } @-ms-keyframes play { from { background-position: 0%; } to { background-position: -100%; } } @-o-keyframes play { from { background-position: 0%; } to { background-position: -100%; } } @keyframes play { from { background-position: 0%; } to { background-position: -100%; } } A: What if you change the background-size for smaller screens?

Bisericile de lemn din Vâlcea fac parte din grupul de biserici de lemn din Oltenia și din familia de biserici de lemn românești. Istoric Secolul 16 Secolul 17 Secolul 18 Secolul 19 Bisericile de lemn ridicate sau refăcute în secolul al 19-lea s-au apropiat din ce în ce mai mult de modelul celor de zid, un număr mare de biserici vechi și noi au fost astfel cercuite, tencuite și zugrăvite atât în interior cât și în exterior. Spre sfârșitul secolului 19 se remarcă participarea unor arhitecți la ridicarea unor biserici de lemn în satele vâlcene, ca cele de la Șirineasa și Măgureni. Arhitecții au experimentat noi modele arhitectonice, demne de remarcat în arhitectura sacrală de lemn. Acest lucru dovedește o rupere voită de modelul tradițional, perpetuat până atunci prin meșterii dulgheri itineranți de biserici. Tradiția constructivă la bisericile de lemn a stat secole de-a rândul încuiată în tipare rigide, limitate față de nevoile comunităților mai mari din secolele 18 și 19. Dacă aceste soluții constructive ar fi fost introduse mai devreme ar fi schimbat probabil în mare măsură tradiția dulgherilor de biserici din regiune. La sfârșitul secolului 19 arta dulgheriei în arhitectura sacrală era deja în decădere, și, cu toate înoirile aduse în unele locuri, nu s-a mai revitalizat în concurență cu arhitectura de zid. Este semnificativ faptul că atât biserica din Șirineasa cât și cea din Măgureni au fost ridicate în sate de foști clăcași, înpropietăriți prin reforma agrară a lui Alexandru Ioan Cuza de la 1864. Acest fapt oglindește și clarifică odată în plus efortul depus în acele vremuri de aceste comunități de a se ridica și afirma social și cultural. Biserici de lemn Biserica de lemn din Amărăști 1802, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Anghelești-Cărpiniș 1737, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Armășești 1809, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Băbeni 1799, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Bădeni, Vâlcea 1844, cu hramul "Sf. Împărați" Biserica de lemn din Băiașu 1886, cu hramul "Sf. Dumitru" Biserica de lemn din Băile Olănești 1746, cu hramul "Sf. Pantelimon" Biserica de lemn din Bălțățeni 1773-74, cu hramul "Sfinții Îngeri" Biserica de lemn din Bărbătești-Iernatic 1795, cu hramul "Buna Vestire" Biserica de lemn din Bărbătești-Poeni 1790, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Berești 1610, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Bârlogu 1757, cu hramul "Sf. Dumitru" Biserica de lemn din Boroșești, Vâlcea 1822, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Bratovești 1808, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Brezoi 1789, cu hramul "Intrarea în Biserică" Biserica de lemn din Bodești, Vâlcea 1675, cu hramul "Sfinții Îngeri" Biserica de lemn din Bogdănești (Tomșani) Biserica de lemn din Bogdănești (Oteșani) Biserica de lemn din Budurăști 1756, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Capu Dealului 1799, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Cernelele 1811, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Cetățeaua 1792, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Ciocâltei 1898, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Cireșu, Vâlcea 1782, cu hramul "Intrarea în Biserică" Biserica de lemn din Ciucheți 1806, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Ciungetu 1861, cu hramul "Sf. Împărați" Biserica de lemn din Colțești 1897, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Copăceni (Copăceni) 1775, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Copăceni (Racovița) 1805, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae"," Sf. Filofteia" Biserica de lemn din Cornet 1893, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Costești Grușetu 1801, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Crețeni 1767, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Dămțeni 1847 (refăcută), cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Dimulești 1894, cu hramul "Sf. Dumitru" Biserica de lemn din Dobrești 1828, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Dobrușa 1796, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Dumbrăvești 1757, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Geamăna, Drăgoești 1874, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Geamăna, Stoilești 1887, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Govora -1804, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Groși, Vâlcea 1892, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Gușoeni 1550, ref 1915, cu hramul "Intrarea în Biserică" Biserica de lemn din Gușoianca 1773, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Herăști 1791, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Igoiu I 1752, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Igoiu II Biserica de lemn din Ionești 1770, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Izbășești secolul 18, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Malaia 1807, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae si Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Malu 1799, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Mamu 1891, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Marcea 1866, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Marița 1556-57, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Marița-Dealu Mare Biserica de lemn din Mateești-Călărășești 1720/1803, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Măgureni 1766/1803, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Măldăreștii de Jos 1801/1888, cu hramul "Sf. Dumitru" Biserica de lemn din Mănăilești-Moșteni 1776, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Mănăstirea Dintr-un lemn secolul 17 Biserica de lemn din Mângureni 1888, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Miloștea 1906, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Mitrofani I 1704, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Mitrofani-Schit 1813, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi", "La Nuc" Biserica de lemn din Mlăceni 1840, cu hramul "Sf. Gheorghe" Biserica de lemn din Modoia 1712, ref 1896, cu hramul "Sfinții Arhangheli" Biserica de lemn din Moșteni 1776, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Mrenești 1771 cu hramul "Intrarea în Biserică", mutată în Bujoreni? Biserica de lemn din Nemoiu 1832, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Nețești 1799, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Obislavu 1763, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Obogeni 1830, cu hramul "Intrarea în Biserică" Biserica de lemn din Olteanca-Sânculești 1782, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Olteanca-Chituci 1847, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Opătești 1767, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Palanga 1847, cu hramul "Intrarea în Biserică" Biserica de lemn din Părăușani 1807, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Păsărei 1819, cu hramul "Sf. Dimitrie" Biserica de lemn din Perișani 1797-99, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Pietrari 1865, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Pietrarii de Sus Biserica de lemn din Pietreni-Grămești 1664, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Pietroasa, Vâlcea 1536-37, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Popești-Cacova 1782, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Prundeni-Tătăroaia secolul 18, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" (capelă de cimitir) Biserica de lemn din Racu 1808-1813, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Râureni 1746, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Roșioara 1819, cu hramul "Sf. Dimitrie" Biserica de lemn din Rugetu-Florești Biserica de lemn din Rugetu-Măgurele cu "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Rugetu-Valea Babei Biserica de lemn din Seciu 1900, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Sinești 1746, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Slătioara-Mănășești-Cociobi sec 18, cu hramul "Buna Vestire","Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Stănești (Stănești) 1894-96, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Stănești (Stoilești) secol 18, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Stănești-Lunca 1833, cu hramul "Sf. Treime" Biserica de lemn din Stoilești 1752, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Suiești 1746, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Susani I 1779, cu hramul "Sf. Împărați" Biserica de lemn din Susani II 1802, cu hramul "Sf. Dumitru" Biserica de lemn din Sutești 1780, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Ștefănești, Vâlcea 1818, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Ursoaia 1800, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Urși, Vâlcea 1757, cu hramul "Buna Vestire","Sf. Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Urși-Ghiobești 1824, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Valea Bălcească secol 18, cu hramul "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Valea Grădiștei 1816, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Valea Mare, Vâlcea 1863, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Biserica de lemn din Valea Scheiului 1767, cu hramul "Înălțarea Domnului" Biserica de lemn din Valea Văleni 1814, cu hramul "Cuvioasa Paraschiva" Biserica de lemn din Viișoara, Vâlcea 1806, cu hramul "Sfinții Voievozi" Biserica de lemn din Zătreni secol 18, cu hramul "Sf. Ioan Botezătorul" Biserica de lemn din Zgubea secol 18, cu hramul "Sf. Nicolae" Note Bibliografie Studii monografice Studii regionale

Home The Oral History Collection of the University of Illinois at Springfield Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir Vol. 1 - Part 1 Clabaugh, Charles W. - Interview and Memoir Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir Vol. 1 - Part 1 Norris L Brookens Library Archives/Special Collections Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir C512. Clabaugh, Charles W. (1900-1987) Interview and memoir 23 tapes, 1157 mins., 2 vols., 316 pp., plus index ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM Clabaugh, member of the Illinois House of Representatives 1939-75, discusses his years in the Illinois General Assembly: transportation, agriculture, education, conservation, civil rights, and WWII legislation; the 1970 Constitutional Convention; School Problems Commission; judicial reform; women in the legislature; and politics. He also discusses his years before the General Assembly: farm life in Coles County, Illinois; teaching; and early political activities. He also discusses retirement, travels, and duties as minority leader. Interview by Horace Q. Waggoner, 1980 See collateral file Archives/Special Collections LIB 144 One University Plaza, MS BRK 140 Springfield IL 62703-5407 © 1980, University of Illinois Board of Trustees Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS CHARLES W. CLABAUGH MEMOIR VOLUME I PREPARED FOR THE ILLINOIS LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL BY THE ORAL HISTORY OFFICE OF SANGAMON STATE UNIVERSITY ILLINOIS LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL 1 07 Stratton Building, Springfield, Illinois 62706 Representative Jacob John Wolf, Chicago, Chairman Senator William F. Mahar, Homewood, Vice Chairman Representative Samuel M. McGrew, Galesburg, Secretary John A. D'Arco, Chicago Terry L. Bruce, Olney William F. Mahar, Homewood William A. Marovitz, Chicago Dawn Clark Netsch, Chicago Frank M. Ozinga, Evergreen Park George E. Sangmeister, Mokena Jack Schaffer, Crystal Lake Philip J. Rock, Oak Park James "Pate" Philip, Lombard J. Robert Barr, Evanston Phillip Bianco, Chicago Glen L. Bower, Effingham Peg McDonnell, Breslin, Ottawa Ted E. Leverenz, Maywood Samuel M. McGrew, Galesburg Everett G. Steele, Glen Carbon Jacob John Wolf, Chicago George H. Ryan, Kankakee Michael J. Madigan, Chicago House Minority Leader ADVISORY COMMITIEE Cullom Davis, Director, Oral History Program; Professor of History, Sangamon State University William L. Day, Former Director, Illinois Legislative Council; Editor Emeritus, Illinois Issues David Everson, Director, Legislative Studies Center; Associate Professor of Political Studies, Sangamon State University Gerald L. Gherardini, Associate Director, Samuel K. Gove, Director, Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of Illinois H. William Hey, Director of Research, Dan Holt, Field Serv. Supervisor, State Historical Library; Adjunct Professor of History, Robert P. Howard, Former State House Reporter for Chicago Tribune; Author, Illinois: A History of the Prairie State Margaret Munn, Hearing Supervisor, Department of Mental Health J. Glenn Schneider, State Representative 41st Legislative District Member, Illinois Legislative Council ILLINOIS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 1939-1975 ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM PREVIOUS TITLES lN SERIES Martin B. Lohmann Memoir, 1 Vol. (1980) Bernice T. VanDer Vries Memoir, 3 Vols. (1980) Walter J. Reum Memoir, 2 Vols. (1980) Thomas A. McGloon Memoir, 2 Vols. (1981) John W. Fribley Memoir, 2 Vols. (1981) This oral history of Charles W. Clabaugh's service in the Illinois House of Representatives is a product of the Illinois Legislative Council's General Assembly Oral History Program. The oral history technique adds a distinctive new dimension to the council's statutory responsibil­ity for performing research and collecting information concerning the government of the Charles W. Clabaugh was born near Lerna, Illinois, on August 15, 1900. In the story of his youth, he recounts experiences typical of Illinois rural life in the early days of the 20th century. After initial studies at the University of Illinois he went on to earn, while teaching in the high school at Ashmore, Illinois, a Bachelor of Education degree at Charleston Teach­ers College. He later taught at Farmington, Illinois. After gaining experience as a district manager for the Chamberlin Weather Strip Company, in 1935 he formed the Champaign Weather Strip Company which he operated until1964. Mr. Clabaugh's interest in politics was developed at an early age. He vividly recalls election contests and issues from as early as 1912. His first political position was as a republican precinct committeeman on the outskirts of Champaign, Illinois. Elected to this position in 1930, he still held it at the time the interviews for this oral history memoir were conducted. After an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1936, he was elected on his second try in 1938 and continued to serve for 36 years, until Mr. Clabaugh's major legislative achievements were in the field of education. He served on the House Education Committee all except his last term and on the School Problems Commission from 1951 on. His memoir, while focusing on such legislation, also recounts personal and political subjects. Of particular interest are his characterizations of fellow legislators. Readers of this oral history should bear in mind that it is a transcript of the spoken word. Its informal, conversational style represents a deliberate attempt to encourage candor and to tap the narrator's memory. However, persons interested in listening to the tapes should understand that editorial considerations produced a text that differs somewhat from the original recordings. Both the recordings and this transcript should be regarded as a primary historical source, as no effort was made to correct or challenge the narrator. Neither the Illinois Legislative Council nor Sangamon State University is responsible for the factual accuracy of the memoir, nor for views expressed therein; these are for the reader to judge. The tape recorded interviews were conducted by Horace Waggoner during the summer of 1980. Mr. Waggoner was born in 1924 in Waggoner, a small farm-service community in cen­tral Illinois. At age 18, he enlisted for military service in World War II and, as a U. S. Air Force commissioned officer, continued to serve until 1973. Upon leaving service, he resumed his formal education, achieving a masters degree in history at Sangamon State Universtiy in 1975. Specializing in the field of oral history, his association with the Sanga­mon State University Oral History Office dates from 1976. Ulanda Buckhold transcribed the tapes. After the transcriptions were edited by Mr. Waggoner and reviewed by Mr. Clabaugh, Jean Curtin prepared the typescript. The use of computerized word processing was made possible by programs developed or modified for the purpose by Bernadette Emery and James Skufca. Florence Hardin compiled the index. The Chicago Tribune and the Illinois Historical Survey Office of the University of Illinois provided valuable assistance in the research effort. This oral history may be read, quoted and cited freely. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the Illi­nois Legislative Council, Room 107, Stratton Building, Springfield, Illinois, 62706. Table of ~ontents Note on page location: Volume I: pages 1-152 Volume II: pages 153-313 Preface ................................................................................................................................................ v The Years Before ............................................................................................................................... 1 Family background - Farm life - Education - Family political interests - Teaching experiences - Champaign Weather Strip Company - Precinct committeeman- Marriage The General Assembly Years ......................................................................................................... 63 Campaigning - Election - Getting started - Elections and reapportion­ment legislation - Transportation legislation - Special interest groups - Agriculture legislation - Public utilities and railroads legislation - Civil rights legislation - Women in the legislature - Civil service - Patronage - Municipalities legislation - Waterways, conservation, fish, and game legislation - Movie making - Legislative reform - Financial institutions legislation -Politics -World War II legislation -Education legislation - School Problems Commission - Fiscal reform - Lobbyists - Judicial reform - Constitutional Convention - Revenue legislation The Years After ................................................................................................................................ 287 Retirement - Minority leader staff duty - Family history publication - Travels- Daughter's lives- Thoughts on a legislative career today Index .................................................................................................................................................... 304 Illustrations following page 48, 102, and 208 SESSION 1, TAPE 1, SIDE 1 Q: Okay, we are recording. I wonder if we could first put on the record an account of your tenure, when you started in the legislature and how long you were there. A: Well, I was elected the first time in 1938. And I was elected the last time in 1972. So I retired in 1975; that is, you see, I went through the 1973-1974 session, then when the members-elect were sworn in on the second Wednesday in January, I was automatically retired. Q: Oh, I see. That was in January, then, I guess, when they do that. A: January of 1975. Q: Yes, I see. Now, that's how many years, then? A: Thirty-six. Q: And you represented the same district that whole time, did you? A: Yes. Four different numbers the district had, but it was the - well, there was one - we had Piatt, Moultrie and Champaign Counties for more than half of the time, and then they dropped Piatt out and put Douglas in place. Q: What were the numbers of those districts? Do you recall? A: Well, it was 24 ... and 44 ... and 48, and 52. (pause) I can find it. (pauses and searches through notes) It was 52 when I finally ended. I don't know whether this has - some of the books have a listing of - yes, this will tell. Q: Those Blue Books are very handy, aren't they? A: Yes. (pause) The 24th District from 1939 to ... 1969. And the 44th in the 70th [General Assembly], 71st and 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th. The 48th in the 76th, 77th. And the 52nd in the 78th. Q: All right, sir. A: But there were just four counties involved altogether, only three at any one time. Q: Yes. Could you describe what your district characteristics were in general? A: Well, the two principal industries, as we would say, or occupations of people, were agriculture and the University of Illinois. That was before the junior colleges and the University of Illinois was the only higher education there was in the district. And a mere smattering of industry. Q: Other than farming. Q: All right, sir. Okay. I wonder if we could go back and take a little bit of a look at your family background. First of all your paternal ancestors. Where did they come from when they came to Illinois? A: They came from Ohio to Indiana and were in Indiana 4 years, I think it was, and then to Illinois in 1865. My father's father was, I think, a Pennsylvania Dutchman born in Ohio. His father was born in Ohio. And his father - I don't know where he was born, but he was married in Virginia in 1785. My father's mother's people were also Pennsylvania Dutch, and Huguenots. Of course, you see, the Huguenot immigration was from France to get away from King Louis' inquisition, and went over to Germany, but they didn't like it very well there. And they stayed there a few generations and then came on to Pennsylvania - Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Indiana - Ohio, Indiana. The mother state was Ohio. That's where my grandparents got Q: I see. Yes. What was her name, her maiden name? A: Her maiden name was Poland. And she was a direct descendant of a Peter Poland, an Englishman, who, with his brother, came to America in 1750. I don't know where in England he was from, but he came on board the ship PATIENCE, en route from Rotterdam with a load of Palatines bound for Philadelphia. Since the ship was from a foreign port, bound for a place in the British Empire, it was required to stop at Cowes, Isle of Wight, for inspection. The Poland brothers came on board and continued on to America. When I was researching for my family history, I assumed that the brothers were Palatines, as Poland may be a German name, although it would have been spelled P~O·L·E·N. However I located a man in West Virginia, a descendant of Peter's brother, who had the lineage back to the immigrant brothers, and he cleared me on that point. Polands have fought in all of our wars until the Spanish·American War. Q: Well! Were there any particularly significant individuals among your paternal ancestors? A: Not among my direct ancestors, but the name Hilligas, during the pre~revolutionary days and for several years following that, was probably one if not the leading name in Pennsylvania. In fact, Michael Hilligas was the first treasurer of the United States and worked very closely with Robert Morris in financing the Revolutionary War. He was such a stand~out person, his father and uncles were businessmen in Philadelphia, that I could hardly - when I found out that he wasn't a direct ancestor - by golly, I could hardly find anything about our branch of the family. "You have anything on Hilligas?" I'd say at the library. And, "Oh, yes." And here would come reams of stuff about Michael, but nothing else. But I did find a little insignificant·looking book in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and it told the story of them back to the 17th century. And they were Huguenots, and I'm a member of the Huguenot Society of America. Q: Now how did the Hilligas enter the family? A: My father's grandmother was a Hilligas. Q: I see. That would be your great-great-grandmother, then. A: That's right. Yes. Q: Okay. A: ·All farmers. Q: Oh, is that right? All farmers all the way down the line. Q: What about your mother's side of the family? A: They came from Virginia to Kentucky. Her name was Richardson. And they connected up with the Roy family. And when you got into the Richardsons and the Roys in those two states, particularly the Richardsons, there were so many of them I had to give up on them. And I found a family history of the Roys. And I copied a good deal of it in my family history. The first Roy that they have direct lineage on was Hugh Roy, who came in the middle 1600's ... to Virginia. Q: You say you have collected this together and formed a family history? A: (pauses and gets book) Q: My goodness, quite a volume. So if anyone wanted to look up your ancestors, there's a book entitled (reads from title page) The Ancestors of Charles Wesley Clabaugh and Louise Zimmerman Clabaugh and Their Descendants. Q: Published in 1975. A: Yes. And these are the - here's the Hilligas family right here. Q: I see. Yes. A: This young Michael Hilligas, when his father died, he was an iron manufacturer. They had a lot of these little country iron puddlers in Pennsylvania. And he owned them - I don't know how many. In some of those counties, you'd go down through the land records and find scores ofhis properties. And when his father died, he had a large enough estate that - for those days - he had to give a bond of 200,000 dollars as administrator of the estate. (laughs) Q: Gee whiz! A: I just know it was a large bond. I don't know how big an estate it was. Q: And these were ironworks where, in Ohio? A: No, Pennsylvania. Q: And these were local, individual makers of the iron. A: Yes, with wood, burnt wood, and charcoal. Q: I'll be doggoned. Well. (pause) How well did you know your father's father? A: He died 27 years before I was born. Q: Oh, I see. How about your grandmother? A: She lived with us from the time I was 10 years old until I left home, and she is the main character in that book. Because she left, when she died in our home in Mattoon, she left a little box, so big (indicates size), that had been in the family for over a century. And in that I've had practically all of the tax receipts and contracts of purchase of land that my great-grandfather made, from the time he was married in 1826 until she died. And I put those things together in a book. (hands interviewer the book) Q: Oh, a beautiful book, yes. A: And - go clear back - and in there I have the letters, applications for pensions in the War of 1812 and the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. And then this was one on my mother's side. (points out copy) Q: Oh, so you've preserved these in binders. I see. A: Yes. And many of them are laminated, but some of them were not. Q: My goodness. A: (points out copies) My first teaching certificate. And my first certificate as a member of the legislature. Q: Well. Oh, yes. So this goes back many many years though. A: Well it goes clear back to William Poland, who was a - in fact, he was in the army and the marines in the Revolutionary War three or four times. Q: Well! A: And in ... Here is his, I think it's his contract for sale of land. You see, Maryland, they went from Maryland, and Maryland pensioned their own soldiers; that is, they gave them land. I think they were the only colony that didn't get land from the federal Q: I see. A: And he got a little strip over there and that's the first one. And I traced that ... the real estate holdings of my direct line clear down, until this grandmother finally sold her inheritance in the early 1900's. Q: Well. I'll be doggoned. A: And it's extremely interesting. And I'm sure that my daughters will appreciate it. Q: I'm sure they will, too. Yes, sir. A: And one of the things in there that - I'll get off the subject, then I'll listen to you. Running through one of the muster rolls of an Indian war back in Maryland, I found one of my ancestors and one of my wife's ancestors who served at the same time in the same company, and their names follow. Two of them and one of ours, there's one Carmack, one Clabaugh and then one Carmack. The second Carmack is a brother of Mrs. Clabaugh's great-great-great-great- grandfather. Q: Well, for heaven sakes! (laughter) A: And that's just purely by chance. Q: So the families really go back a long way together, then. (laughs) I see. And this was in the Indian wars prior to the Revolution. A: The Indian wars. In 1767. I just looked in an index and saw Clabaugh and looked further and there were those three names. Q: I'll be doggoned. (laughs) What type person was your grandmother? A: (pause) Well, being a Huguenot, she was an extremely religious person. She was raised in Ohio in a large family, married when she was 21 or 22 years old. And my father was born, he was the oldest child she had. Her husband died when my father was 12 and his youngest brother was less than a year. And they lived on a 30-acre farm out south and west of Charleston. And she raised the family on that. Q: This is Charleston, Illinois. Q: What do you remember most about her? A: Well I remember her extreme piety. In that little box that I told you about, there were letters of exchange between her and her brothers and her sisters. And when ... they spoke very religiously and - in conversing with each other and writing with each other about the death of two of their brothers who were lost in the Civil War. One died from wounds and the other one died just a month after he got in the service. Exposure I suppose, in November. · She was a very determined person, as she had to be. And coming from that part of Ohio, central part of Ohio, that was an extremely strong anti-slavery area. She's talked to me - I was the youngest boy in the family and I'd have to stay home with Grandma when the rest of them went somewhere. And I'm glad now that I did. And she was never - said many times she wasn't afraid to die anytime the Lord wanted to take her, but she didn't want to be killed. Q: Oh, I see. Well! (laughter) Wanted a natural death. A: We'd cross those two railroads as we drove from the little town where we lived then, and she wouldn't even trust us. She'd look about to see if there was a train coming. Then she'd say, "I'm not afraid to die, but I don't want to get killed." Q: I see. (laughter) Well. What was your father like? A: Well he was a determined fellow. As I first remember him, he was working on a farm for, oh, a large landowner down there. Eighty cents a day was what he was getting paid. We moved from that farm in 1905, and he and his youngest brother were partners on another farm. We called it the Miles' place. The families all got along extremely welL My father and his two brothers, when they got together as older men - Dad lived to be 77 and the - I just looked it up before you came - and both of the other ones lived to be 81, 83. One of them's 81 and one's 83 years old. And when they got together - as we quite often did, of course, in the country - they were just like three kids. Very, very close to each other and very fond of each other. But none of them died worth very much, still, for that matter. But I think they did a pretty goodjob. · I think the thing I remember probably most about my father was that - until he went farming for himself, he always worked for somebody - he believed in giving a day's work for a day's pay. And I got a job at about seventeen, during World War I, cutting broomcorn, which is a horse job! There's no harder work. And for 5 dollars a day. And I came home and told Dad I was going to work for Mr. Norton, 5 dollars a day, and he said, "Well, I never thought I'd live to see it, a son of mine that would be able to earn 5 dollars a day." And to see that I did earn 5 dollars a day - he had been a broomcorn contractor in his early day - he'd cut right across the field and help me. And he would cut the south end of my table. He wouldn't get up where the other fellows would see him because they'd think then not so well of me. A: But he'd cut off twenty or thirty rod off of the south end. Not for anything, except just he wanted to be sur·e that his boy earned his money. And he was always that way. He died that way. Q: Now you were living near Charleston, Illinois, at that time? A: Well you know where the little town of Lerna is? Q: No, I don't, sir. A: Well, if you go 9 miles southwest of Charleston and 6 miles southeast of Mattoon, there's two railroads and where they cross, in Coles County, that's Lerna. It's about 4 miles north of the Cumberland/Coles County line. And the one person - one of the few people that I couldn't find where they were born, when I wrote that book, was Charles W. Clabaugh. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughs) A: I don't know which county I was born in. Dad was a broomcorn contractor, as I say, and their main work was in August and I was to come in August. And I was just always told that Dad took Mother to Grandma's for the occasion. One of my grandmothers lived barely over in Coles County and the other one barely over in Cumberland County. And I don't know to which grandmother's she went. Q: Well! (laughter) A: And there's no record in either Coles or Cumberland County. Q: Hm. No record of your birth there. A: That's right. Q: I'll be doggoned. A: And when we got ready to go abroad in 1961 - no, 1962 - we had one heck of a job. (laughs) If I hadn't have been a member of the legislature, I don't think I could have got a birth certificate. Q: Proving that you were born at one time. Q: I see. WelL (pause) Now you say that you lived on one farm for about five years and then the family moved to another farm? A: Yes. They lived - then it was in 1905 that he moved away from the farm where he had been working for the other man. Q: Oh, I see. A: And went a distance northeast, closer to Charleston. We lived there 3 years. And both of the brothers - and their families were getting up then and the farm wasn't big enough to support two families, and we moved on over closer to Lerna and we were there until we kids left home and Dad sold out. Q: What kind of person was he? Was he a strict disciplinarian? A: Oh, of course I thought he was then. And he was. He expected us to work. I milked. I'd get up of a morning and milk. And in the farming season, we were up at 4:30 in the morning. And when we lived on the farm from which we moved away in 1908, I was milking then. Q: Oh, you were at that time? Q: How many cows did the family keep normally? A: Oh, we had two. Q: What other kind of livestock did you have around? A: Oh, Dad was a hog raiser. Q: Oh, he was? A: Not hundreds of hogs, but forty or fifty. He'd market forty or fifty hogs every spring, and every falL Twice a year. Q: Was he farming that farm that you lived on at that time, then? Or were you just living there and he was working elsewhere? A: No, he was - the two of them, the two brothers worked a 200·acre farm between them. One man couldn't handle a 200·acre farm in those days. And we went to 115 acres, a good farm, just north of Lerna, and lived there. And I think they left there - we moved there in 1908 and I think they left there in 1920. I had come up to school then. Q: So you left home about the time they moved from there. Q: What were the first chores that you had to do on the farm there? A: First chores? Q: Yes. A: Well, I think ... the first one I remember was the milking, because, well, I was pretty big then, when they'd give me a bucket and let me go milk. But we just did all the other work, and until you - all the chores of feeding the horses and hogs and the cattle. You didn't feed the cattle anything in the summertime because they pastured. Q: Did you have any chickens on the farm? A: Oh, yes. But in those days, the women pretty well took care of the chickens. Most farms, I would say, the women took care of the cows. But that wasn't true at our house. Q: Oh? Q: So that was your job once you got started on it, then? Q: Did you like to milk? A: Oh, yes. I've never had a drink of milk in my life that I ever knew of. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughter) You didn't like it or ... A: I don't know. Q: Well! (laughs) A: I eat it on cereal but I don't drink it at all. Q: Did you then? Q: Didn't then. Why wouldn't you drink milk at that time? A: I don't know. Later I found out that in my mother's family there was a couple of her brothers - whom I just barely knew then, but that I got well acquainted with later - that they were just . . . Q: Didn't drink milk. A: When our first little girl was born, I'd seen people - she was a bottle baby, of course - and I'd see people squirt milk on their wrist . Q: To see how hot it was? A: (indicates affirmative) I'd set the bottle right down and go wash off that wrist. Q: Oh! Well. (laughter) A: When I was trying to gain some weight back, and I still am, they gave me this Insure. Insure is a baby food. And I don't think there's any milk in it, but it looks like milk. And I got so I could take it, I don't mind it now, but the glass smells like milk and I put it right in the dishwasher, because I don't want ... Q: You've had a lifelong aversion to milk, then? A: Antipathy to milk, yes. I always did. Q: Well, for heaven's sake. Hm. (pause) Did you start field work there on the farm? A: Oh, yes. Q: What was the first thing you did in the field? A: (pause) Oh, I suppose, after I got off the hoe - I had a brother older than I who was an expert with horses. Dad let him go out with the team when he was eight, nine years old. I wasn't that good. But I hoed. But when I got off the hoe - and my father got pretty much crippled up with rheumatism and didn't do too much in the later years. But ... Oh, I suppose harrow. Q: Harrowing? A: Harrowing. Because that, if you get out of line, why, you can turn around and go back and d9 it over again. Q: Yes, sir. (laughter) A: My father told me once that I was the only person he ever knew that could drive a 6-foot cultivator through a 16-foot gate and hit both posts at the same time, and so help me God I did! A: Cut it too short and put the neck yoke over one post and the wheels, they came right up to the other one and caught on it. (laughter) Q: I guess corn planting wouldn't have been in your line in the early days, then? A: No. No. Q: How about cultivating? A: Oh, yes. Yes. Q: What'd you have, a two-row cultivator or a single row? A: A single row. And I've plowed a good many acres with a single walking plow, a breaking plow. Q: How old were you when you finally got your walking legs behind the plow? A: Oh, fifteen, I suppose. Q: Do you remember any particular instances where you felt you were never going to make it through the day walking behind the plow? A: Oh, no. The day it - you may - I don't know whether - how long you've been in this country but in 1917 a tremendous tornado went through Mattoon and Charleston. Hit them both. Killed, oh, over a hundred people in Mattoon and almost a hundred in Charleston. And it came in from the southwest. And I was working for my uncle just west of Mattoon and a little south and the ~ hot! The 26th of May. And it got dark and darker and darker, and we couldn't see the other teams that were out in the field. I was plowing with a breaking plow, a walking plow. You used a walking plow in the stumps. This was ~ they hadn't grubbed the things all out. And of course, you had to be goddang careful because there was still some live roots in there and the plow would cut one of them and then an end of the root would flip right back and you'd have to jump up on the - get your feet up before they got hit with - on the shins. Q: Oh. (laughter) A: But generally speaking, we had riding plows. But for plowing gardens and for plowing end rows round along the end where the horses had packed it down, you see. Oh, I kind of enjoyed it, but it was hard work. Q: Yes, I imagine it was. Did you do any kind of planting, wheat or anything of that sort? A: No, we didn't raise wheat. Never did raise wheat. Corn and oats and clover and timothy hay. (pause) And the most onerous job that I had to do on the farm was shocking oats. A: Had to use a binder, you know, and then you'd put the bundles in shocks. Because my dad insisted that when you shocked the shock, you'd set the bundles up and then one, you broke it and then took it in this hand and broke it down there and put it over and then put another one on to shield the water off of the shock. Q: Oh, on the top. A: And he didn't mean just lay the bundle up there, but he meant get that and pull it, hand pull it down and break it and that was pretty hard. I weighed probably 115 pounds. And then you reached down to get a bundle to throw up and set it down and ~ just sort of like being on a merry-go-round. And I detested it. Threshing, haymaking, I didn't have any trouble with them. Q: What did you do with the threshing crew? A: Well, they ~ threshing crew usually stayed at the house of the farmer that they was threshing for. So then you had the threshing rings. The farmers would come in over a certain area. That's what we call a community. You help thresh and that made your Q: Did you have one threshing machine for the community there? Q: Do you know who owned it? A: Yes. Bill Funkhauser. Q: He owned the steam engine and the separator, I guess. A: Yes, and his son, George - Benchy we always called him - run the engine. Q: Oh? (pause) What was your job on the crew normally? A: Well, in the last years, I was a bundle hauler. That is, hauled bundles in to the Q: On the wagon? Takes quite a skill to handle one of those, doesn't it? A: It does to load them right. Back when I - during World War I the average farm boy in Illinois wanted to go, and a lot of them did, go northwest to help with the wheat harvest. And I went. I don't remember how much money I had, but I didn't have much, and I started out. Three of us started out together. One of them dropped off at Mattoon, 6 miles from home. Another one came to Champaign and got off here and I went on. I went out to a little town just south of Sioux City, South Dakota, by the name of Manila, Iowa. And out there, those fellows used basket racks. They didn't have just a flat rack like we had. Well, of course, I was just a smart-alecky kid, I said, "Well, anybody can haul on that." And then I tried to show that I could put more on my rack than they could put on theirs and I did. And one time - course, when you lay the bundles along the side and then another row in here and then you put - in the middle, you call that the "tie." And when you start to pitching, you start to pitch the tie off first, and when I got about halfway down, my load just split, fell off on the ground. Q: Well. (laughter) So you had to pitch it into the separator from on the ground, then. Q: I see. So there was a special technique to it. A: Yes, you had to load it right. Q: Did you ever lose a load here in Illinois? A: No, and no more out there. Q: Who taught you how to load a rack? A: Oh, you'd learn it from pitching. Course, the first thing you do is pitch bundles. Q: In the field. A: Yes. But of course, every kid wants to do the next thing. Nobody wants to be the pitcher for long. A: Threshing was an interesting season. Wasn't interesting out in Iowa because they raised nothing but bearded wheat out there - oh, and they also raised barley, too. Barley had not only the spines of wheat but it added to it dust and, of course, itching and scratching, as broomcorn does. And you just go wild. The law in Iowa made it a heavy penalty then to burn a strawstack, consequently - here in Illinois if the wind was from the west, you put the engine here and the separator here and do it this way and the men pitched in from the sides, but they couldn't afford to take that chance out there, so they set it like this and one fellow always had the dirty side. Q: Perpendicular to the wind, in other words. A: Yes, crosswind. Well, yes, the fellow on the west side was all right. The east side got the dust of both of them and - pretty much the fellows followed rotation. They would trade sides. One time, late in the afternoon, one fellow ran in on the clean side twice and a real fight broke out. Pitchforks and some got neck yokes, but they all washed the blood off in the same washpan and set down and ate supper. (laughter) Q: I don't suppose he did that again, then, huh? A: Oh, he didn't do it any more that I saw. Q: Did you do any other job on the threshing crew? A: Yes. Most of the time out west that summer, I ran the tank wagon. Q: Oh? For the locomotive. A: Yes. You have a wagon that's a big barrel shape tank that would hold, maybe, twenty or thirty barrels of water. And you would always have to locate - sometimes a well. You didn't like a well because you had to pull it straight up with that big pump, back and forth. But most of them had farm ponds, and you pumped it up that way. Pretty hard work, but much easier than drawing it from a well. Q: Did you ever do that back here in Illinois? A: (indicates negative) Q: So, all you did was run a wagon or pitch onto the wagon here in Illinois. A: (indicates affirmative) Q: Never had occasion to build a strawstack off the end of the separator? A: No. No, because we - my father always arranged to have the hay balers come in that afternoon or the next morning to do the baling because straw, oats straw, that has not been rained on is good feed and we baled it. Q: Baled it immediately, then. A: Yes. Before it got wet, for the straw gets dusty if it is rained on. Q: So you didn't have the problem of building a stack. Q: Just blew it out. A: The first job I had for pay away from home, I punched wires on a hay baler one summer. I had to go over to the neighbor who had the hay baler at 5:30 in the morning and I came home - I got home after dark almost every day and I got five dollars a week. Q: Pretty tough job, I guess. A: Well, you were right in the dust and everybody took it. When you were punching wires, you would stand more than you'd work, but you had to be there. As every bale came out, you had to punch the wire through and then go to the other side and punch them back through. The wireboy, he could do all the odd jobs. He could run and get the jug of water and all that sort of thing. Q: What about working with corn, sir? Did you have much experience with corn? A: Oh, yes. We'd start to shuck corn - in those days, you might be able to start the last days in October in a good dry year and the average one of our farmers went by the rule to try to get the corn all planted before Decoration Day, all layed by, plowed, before the 4th of July and shucked before Thanksgiving, but we didn't always make it by then. Q: Did you like to shuck corn? A: No. In the first place, they had to take us out of school, take time-out from school, and you had to catch up. Then of course, as long back as I've been able to tell about, one man would shuck two loads of corn, ordinarily thirty~five or forty bushel, about as much as you can haul conveniently. You'd get through by two o'clock in the afternoon and then you'd scoop the load off but, boy, you'd go to the field at four o'clock, before daylight, and pull up and sit on the wagon - several days have to wait until it got light enough - and yet you'd quit in the middle of the afternoon. Q: Still had to scoop it off, I suppose, though. A: If you didn't take it to the mill, you had to scoop it off. Q: Did you have sufficient hogs that you stored much of the corn? A: Yes. My dad and my brother were both left-handed, shoveling, scoopmg, and I was right-handed, so I always had to go -cross fired. Q: I see. You always parked it on the wrong side there. Did you do much shocking of corn? A: No. I don't know that I ever shocked any corn. That is a hard job, and it was a job for a man and there were usually men that rated as specialists in that. We didn't shock very much corn on our farm. Q: You didn't need to because the hogs you didn't feed that sort of thing to hogs, did A: No. No. No, but the cattle like it, horses liked it. But it took a lot of space, it didn't pack down tightly. Q: You put the hay up in a barn, did you? Q: You didn't have an outside haystack. A: No. Oh, we did a few times but generally not. We had an immense barn and one horse would pull hay up into the mow with a pulley and rope and, of course, that was my job, was driving that horse. Q: Oh, is that right? Q: You never had to work up in the barn itself to adjust the hay? A: No, very seldom. Our barn was so high that if you just let it fall - once in awhile, we would put somebody up in the mow, but ... It took one person to drive the horse so I could do a full man's job there, but couldn't do a full man's job up in the mow until the last years that I worked. Q: What kind of person was your mother? A: Well, she died when I was 9 years old. A: She was very quiet, dark . . . not too dark and I remember her quite well but . . . I knew her more from hearing Dad tell about her personality traits. I heard my father say many times he never heard Patsy ever say one evil or foul word, a critical word of anybody. Q: Well. (pause) Let's see, so actually you remember your grandmother in those days more than your mother as you were growing up. A: Yes. Yes, my grandparents on - my mother's parents died when I was 9 and 10 years old. (pause) I found a picture of these two grandparents. My grandfather was ... a typical high-shouldered Kentuckian. (pause) He wasn't afraid of work. He'd go lay right down and sleep right beside of it. (locates picture in book) This was taken on the two grandparents' 50th wedding anniversary. Q: Oh, my goodness. That's quite a beard he had. A: He was 70 years old when that was taken and she was 69. They lived in a little two-room box house, they called it, with a summer kitchen. Never had a mosquito bar or a screen on a window. I suppose they had some flies because I can recall, while I never could slap a fly, my granddad, when he was old, could pop 'em. Never had a rocking chair in the house. He made his own chairs; that is, he would make the hickory bottom. And I've seen him weaving that bark into the bottom of it. They survived on a little 2-acre farm in their latter days. Both were what we used to call hard-shelled Baptist, the primitive Baptist. We'd go down on Saturday morning and Grandpa and Grandma would walk up the railroad track about a half a quarter to town to church. I couldn't understand why they'd go to church on Saturday, but they did. And the old church is still standing there. It isn't used but it's still standing down there in the little village of Janesville. Q: I'll be doggoned. (pause) What kind of person was he? He looks kind of like he had a sense of humor. A: Well, I never saw it. He was a crotchety old cuss. They raised a big family. And I couldn't find, until he bought that little 2 acres, I couldn't find where he ever owned title to any property. They came to Illinois in the ... 1860's or 1870's. And then that was one of the times of the great rush to Kansas. And they went to Kansas. Covered wagon. My mother used to tell about it. And during the years before and immediately after the Civil War, you know, Kansas was a battleground. So many homes had been burned in the fighting that they'd find one of those homesites with the old chimney standing. And they'd camp there and build their fire under that chimney, cause it would . Q: Draw. A: ... would draw. And there's a teacher down in Tolono that called me, I got acquainted with in working on this. And she had a lot more stories about the trek to Kansas. His name was Enos and they called him Uncle En. And she said that when they went out Uncle En, my grandfather, had written on his covered wagon, Kansas or Bust. Q: Well. (laughs) A: Came back the next year and it says, Busted, by God! (laughter) Q: Did they stay out there very long? A: No, they just went one year and went right back, cause there was a good many summers along in Kansas I've heard the old soldiers sitting around talking about, that had gone out there, that they'd go to bed with a nice stand of corn, get up in the morning, a wind storm would come up, and sand storm, and it'd just cut it all to pieces. Q: Oh. Yes. A: My grandmother was a little woman and Grandpa was about six-two. One of these high-shouldered old hill people. You know them, their shoulders were up. A: And when he'd get ready to milk, Grandpa would go out and get his cow, bring it up and - in the summer - and he'd cut a peach sprout to keep the flies off of her. And he'd hold the rope and shoo the flies off of it while Grandmother, poor old soul, would milk. She'd stand up and stoop over, she was so short. And one day Dad said to him, "Well, Grandpa, you're a big strong man. Why don't you milk and let Grandma hold the cow?" He said, "Nels, you know, it's always been this way with me. When I bent my back, I lost the grip in my hands." Q: Oh? Well. (laughter) A: I remember him telling Dad that so plainly. (pause) And he hadn't had children around the house for so long, and one of us kids would start to walk over to look out the window, "Huh-uh, don't, don't, don't fall through that window!" Q: Oh. Well. I see. (laughs) Did you ever go to church with him? A: No, I don't think so. (pause) Q: Did your folks go to church, your dad? A: Oh, yes. We were Methodists. Q: Was the church near where you were living there? A: Well in the ... in Lerna we went to the Methodist church there, just a mile. But the first church I ever went to was the Presbyterian church. Cumberland Presbyterian, as they used to call it, after the two churches went together, you know. It was the oldest church in Coles County. And my grandmother, and grandfather, whom I never knew, were both buried there. And we'd go down - and this is one of those old churches that had two doors. And there was a center partition right down the middle of the church. The men took one side and the women took the other. Q: And they were still doing that? A: Yes. But that church, a bunch of young hoodlums from Charleston, during the 1960's, got to going down there, or early 1970's, and having their pot parties in that old church, and burned it. When I drove up there that day to visit the graves and saw that church was gone, I just felt like something was gone out of me. Our kids had always gone with us when we'd go down on Memorial Day. And there was an old organ in there that hadn't been - the church hadn't been used for years, except some families would go there and use the grounds and the church building for family reunions. And it was just a landmark there. But it's gone. Q: Burned down. Hm. (pause) Let's see, when did you start to school, then? Just after you had moved to this second farm, I guess. A: Yes. I went to country school 2 years and half of a third year. When we went to Lerna, when it was a graded school, a four-room building, then I was in the third grade. But we walked 2% miles to school in the country. Q: Do you remember your first teacher? Q: Do you remember her name? A: Susie Faris. (pause) Large tall lady, raised just a quarter of a mile from the schoolhouse. And she went east, she went through teachers' college at Charleston and somewhere for a degree and went east and had a responsible position, like a state superintendent of schools or something like that. Q: Oh. So she must have been a pretty good teacher, then. A: Yes. You see, in those days, they'd have a 6-months' winter term and a 6-weeks' spring term. And we didn't always get the same teacher for both terms in the same year. I think that Susie Faris was our 6-weeks' teacher and a Mr. Bainbridge was our winter term teacher. A: Because, even when I taught two and a half, three years, they were still issuing a third-grade certificate. A third-grade certificate permitted one to teach in a rural school providing you went in to a summer school and got a certain amount of credit hours. A: When I was a college senior in the spring of 1923, President Lord asked me to teach one course of civics, for 6 weeks, in what we called the mid-spring term. I accepted. The class was made up of these third grade certificate holders who had to attend and pass this course, which met twice a day during the term. Some were 50 years old or older, and some were very young, but generally they were pretty dull, and teaching them was close to "loves labor lost." My heart went out to the elementary kids that most of them would be "teaching" Q: I see. (laughs) A: And ... they would just enroll for that 6-week period, some of them. And some of them would go along . . . for the rest of the summer school. Summer school was always the big school. Q: Oh, in the summer. A: Yes. Because of these teachers that would come in. And I think I got a hundred dollars or two hundred dollars for 6 weeks, teaching one class a day - two times a day. Classes met twice a day. So they got a 3-months' exposure in 6 weeks, you see. Q: Well. (laughs) Well, let's see now, the Lerna school - you say you started not m Lerna ... A: Indian. Q: Indian? A: Indian school. Q: Oh, I see. A one-room schoolhouse, I guess. Q: And that was where this Susie Faris was teaching? A: Yes, and Mr. Bainbridge. Q: That was the first year. You went there 2 years, did you? A: Well, I went 2 and half of another. Q: And then you moved into Lerna school. Q: And you say it was a four-room school? Q: Did it have high school in it also? A: Not when I first went there, but we finally got - when I was in the sixth or seventh grade, anybody that wanted some high school credits, why, the upper-grade teacher would just teach them, too. And in fact, I went through the 3-year high school. And then I graduated from there, then I came up to Urbana and took my last year here. Q: Here in Urbana. Q: Did you board here for that year? A: Oh, yes. I lived on campus and worked in a restaurant on campus, just the same as a college student. Q: Oh, I see. Was the high school there connected with the university? A: No. No, it was Urbana's public high school. Q: I see. Yes. How did you happen to come up here rather than go to Mattoon? A: Well, because the university was here and I was determined to go to the university. And at that time, we had what we called "non-high school'' down - "non-high districts." And a kid from a non-high district could go, with the county superintendent's permission, to any high school in the state that he wanted. And the non-high district paid his tuition. Each county in Illinois had a non-high district made up of all territory in the county not in a 4-year high school district. In fact, when I got on the school problems commission, we finally got rid of the last "non-high school" territory there was in the state. It had outlived its usefulness. Q: I'll be darned. A: Yes. We had 1,600 - 1,607 or 1,609 - non-high school - no, no, that wasn't non-high school, that was school districts that didn't operate a school. Q: Oh, that didn't operate a school. Q: I'll be doggoned. (laughs) A: At that time, you couldn't get state aid unless you had 15 pupils enrolled. All right, you live in a district over here and you only have 10. Well, you'd come over to the directors in our school district and say, "Why don't you have your kids come over to ours and we'll take them for 5 dollars a year," or 10 dollars a year or something like that. Because, if they got their 15, they got 1,048 dollars from the state. Q: Oh, I see. (laughter) Well. A: There was 1,600 and some of those school districts in the state and we had just as big of a job abolishing them. Q: Well. My goodness. Because people wanted to hang onto what they had. A: Sure, it was a good thing. My gosh, they'd just - they'd levy one mil every three or four years. Q: And pay the rest off with state aid. Q: Yes, sir. What did you think of your grade school education? A: Oh ... I think that it was good, naturally I would. (pause) Some of the best teachers, I think, that I had in high school, was - but in all my public school - I had in Lerna. A: In the little high school. Q: Do you remember any others beside Miss Faris? A: Well, of course, she was down in the elementary because we only went to eighth grade - yes, Marion Girhart, from Newton, was my teacher for I don't know how many years. And he stumbled through Latin but, brother, he was a math teacher. Q: Did you pick up a considerable amount of mathematics, then? A: Yes. (pause) Yep, I took trigonometry at Urbana, when I got here. Mathematics were very simple to me. But when I come to the university, I picked out my courses that I wanted and went in to register and they says, "Oh, you can't have three reading courses, so we're going to give you college algebra." I said, "I don't want college algebra." "Well, your grade's good in algebra." "I don't want it." But I took it and I took it at four o'clock in the afternoon and I made a miserable flop out of it, but I passed it. Q: Why didn't you want to take it? A: I just didn't want any more algebra. There was so many other things that I wanted. Q: What were the courses you really wanted? A: History. Q: American history or . A: Yes, history and government. American history, I had a splendid high school teacher, an English history teacher in Urbana High School. Excellent. (pause) Q: Who was that? Do you remember the name? A: (pause) Miss Hoskins was her name. She told us, when we started in that course, she said, "Now, the first question on every examination that you'll have is to start with William the Conquerer and give the names of the monarchs and the dates of their reign." Q: Oh? Well. (chuckles) A: Just, "That's question number one, so you can just be prepared for it." And I don't think I could give them now, but I could have 10 years ago. Q: You could click them off, huh? Q: What made her such a good teacher? A: Well in the first place she expected something of you and she made you want to do it. She made you want to do it. And there were several real bright kids in the class and I didn't want ~ coming in from a small school, I didn't want to get too far back. A: But now I do more reading in English history than all other reading put together. Q: Still kind of from that generation of interest back then. A: Yes. And then I came ~ as a freshman, I had Dr. Laurence Larson as the English history teacher in the university, and he was the world authority on the Danish era of English history. And he was a comedian. A: He was an old-like man, a Norwegian, with a mustache, handlebar mustache. And to go to his class was like going to a show. And he was a good teacher. Q: Really made it interesting, then. A: Interesting. Lectures were interesting . . . Q: What types of things did he do to make it amusing? A: Well he'd tell a lot of the personal things about the rulers and the characters that we studied about that the textbook just couldn't tell. We had a big athletic fellow by the name of McCann, a big redheaded Irishman from Chicago. And we were studying in one of the Irish wars and we had him for a lecture. And also for quiz sections. And he asked Dr. Larson some question like an Irishman would ask. And he was a baseball player, we played together out there. But he asked that question and Dr. Larson quick as a flash said, "Now, Mr. McCann, you're not gonna get me into that." Q: Well. (laughter) So he wouldn't accept a leading question, then? A: No, not that, it was just, "Which do you think was right and which wrong?" Something like that, that kind of a leading question. He lectured the first half of the first semester, and then Dr. Pease, who followed him as head of the department, P·E·A·S-E : Q: Is that Theodore Pease? A: Yes. Big bulbous fellow. Larson never used a note in his lectures and Pease read all of his. Stand right up and half the students would go to sleep. A: And when Larson came back to lecture the last half of the second semester, he walked into the room - and Pease was standing there - and three hundred students in that chemistry building auditorium just cheered and stomped their foot, you know. I felt so sorry for Pease. He was quite a scholar. In fact, in the centennial year of 1918, he wrote or edited a series of books on Illinois history. You're probably acquainted with them. Q: Yes, the centennial history of Illinois. Q: He also has a popular history of Illinois. Q: So he lectured you in A: English history. Q: English history. A: Yes. It was two semesters, 9 months. And Larson lectured us one half of the first one and then Pease the last half of the first one and the first half of the second, and then Larson back for the second. And that was the time when the crowd gave Dr. Larson such a welcome it was a slap in the face to Pease, and they didn't mean it that way. A: But that was just their reaction. Q: Way of showing - yes. Up until the time you went to the University of Illinois, what had been your experience with politics? Were you in any way aware of politics? A: Oh, my dad lived and died at that. Politics and crops was about the only thing that was ever talked in our house. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughter) A: Just about. And Grandmother was a young woman in, I think my dad was a year old, during the Civil War, and she lived through those days, lost two brothers in the service and another one was there. Lost a half-brother in the service. My dad was just - well he was active, very active, on the township level, and was elected the township tax collector in 1908, I guess. Q: Hm. This was in Coles County? A: Yes. Pleasant Grove Township in Coles County. And they abolished the township tax collector in all downstate counties just a very short time after that. Four, five, six years after that. Oh, I skipped school every election day. A: Yes. (laughter) Q: Was the township collector's job non-partisan? Or was it ... A: Oh, no, it was partisan. Republican. Q: And which party was he? A: Republican. Q: So the family has always been the Republican party. A: My grandmother, I think, made a Republican out of my Virginia-born grandfather. She told this incident - I don't know whether you want ~his sort of a thing or not. Q: Yes. The background, yes. A: Grandfather died as I say in 1873, and the longer the mate's gone the more angelic they become. A: When I was a big chunk of a boy looking through some of these papers, I'd see where he'd made his mark, and I said, "Grandma, could Grandpa read and write?" "Why, of course he could!" That's all I got. A: But during the war - Lincoln's second campaign, second election - he and she were stripping cane. Now they raised and made their own sugarcane sugar, and they'd take a little stick about like a broomstick, that long (indicates length), and after the leaves had quit growing, they would strip down on each side and knock those leaves off, so the - to ease the harvest and, I suppose, for some other reasons. And Grandpa went to vote. And she was such a Republican, such a Lincoln-worshiper, that she had no idea that he wouldn't vote for Lincoln. Came back and ... "So," she said, "I thought he looked a little sheepish when he came back and I said, 'Harrison, did you vote for Lincoln?' And he wouldn't tell me." And she said, "I threw my cane-stripping stick right down and said, 'If you don't promise me that you will never vote for anybody else but a Republican the rest of your life, I'll never strip another strip of cane."' And when Grandma spoke like that, that's the way it was. (laughter) But when I found out then that his grandfather was a Virginian, why, then I - I'm quite sure. And I've run onto both political parties down east in the Clabaughs. They were supposed to have split over some political question, either Civil War or factionalism in the Revolutionary War. One of them left a "Y" in their name, or put a "Y" in the name, and some of them are spelled C-L-A-B-A-U-G-H and some's L-A-Y. And I can point out 25 different ways of spelling our name in that book. Q: Oh, is that right? Yes, sir. (laughs) Well. A: When I started to write it, I went on the assumption that if there's a "Y" in the name, it wasn't our family. And down at the archives at Springfield one day - you see, in 1855 and 1865 they had a state census between the decennial census. And my grandfather's name was spelled C-L-A-U-G-H-B-A-U-G-H. (laughter) So I said, "They all get in now. We cut nobody out." Q: So there are many spellings to your name. A: Yes, there sure are. Q: Now, your father was township collector. How did he go about getting that job? Did he actually . . . A: Oh, just go out ... in those days the primaries - they didn't have a primary in the townships, they just had a caucus. He was nominated and was elected. Q: So he actively went after it. Was he active in other party matters? A: Oh, yes, yes, yes. There were two of them, active Republicans, in our township. We were in the west side and the other in the east side. And they just worked at every election. I remember the election in 1916 when Hughes ran against Wilson. We all thought that Hughes would win and everybody else did. It was the next day before you found out that he did not. Q: Oh. A: California was the difference, you know. Hiram Johnson got mad because Hughes didn't stop to see him. He was a United States senator from there, and a somewhat rebellious Republican. A: But anyhow, Dad said on Tuesday night that he had some misgivings. The way they'd get election returns then was to go down to the depot, railway station, and the telegraph would - the operator could take it off the wire. The Democrats were walking and the Republicans were standing still with their thumbs in their galluses. The next morning the Democrats were standing still and the Republicans were walking. A: California was the difference that year. Q: Yes. And did your father then talk much about party politics in the home? A: Oh, yes. Yes. I knew Bill McKinley and Grover Cleveland; I'd have known them if they'd have walked up. Their names and others were household words - like the names of neighbors. A: Yes. James G. Blaine and ... protective tariff, free trade, the gold standard, and free Q: So you were well indoctrinated at an early age into the party. Q: Did your father become active in the county itself? A: No. No, he didn't branch out that far. He was very active, he worked very hard for various candidates. But you were supposed to handle the township. He worked with the township committeeman, what we called precinct committeeman, but the precinct covered the whole township and they were supposed to handle the township. Q: Did you know any of the politicians at that time, any of the incumbents around? A: Oh, yes. Yes, we'd play baseball when - the season after the corn was layed by and the harvest was over, why, we'd be playing baseball down on the school ground. If a state senator - John Hamilton from Mattoon - or any one of the members of the House would come visiting into town, Dad would come down and get us kids and take us down to meet Q: Oh? So you got to know them. You knew who your politicians were, then, your represen ta ti ves. A: Yes. We had no great big interest in them, we were more interested in the ball game. A: Yes, I remember John R. Hamilton. He was a coal dealer in Mattoon. He was several years the senator from Mattoon. Q: Then what did you feel when you came to Champaign to go to school, to Champaign-Urbana? A: Well ... Q: Did you get homesick? A: Oh, hell no. Q: Oh, you didn't? A: No! No, I'll tell you, a home isn't as much to you if there's no mother there. My father married - mother died in 1909 and he married a spinster lady in 1916. God never made a better creature than she was. But a boy 16 years old doesn't get any real affection for a woman 56. Q: Yes. And you left home, then, about two years after that, I guess. Or was it next year? A: Well when I came up to school - I was 18 years old when I came up here. Yes, that's right, 2 years. We called her Em and she was a real hardworking person. Come from a good family down south of Mattoon in the country. Her father had been an old Mississippi flatboat man. A: Yes, he'd buy chickens, turkeys, ducks, and take them . Q: Put them on a flatboat and float them down? A: Yes, to New Orleans. Q: I'll be doggoned. Hm. Did you get to know him very well? A: Oh, I just barely remember him. He was a very old man. I suspect - she, Em, was 56 years old and I expect he was 80 then. And 65 was pretty old in those days. Q: Did you do much hunting at all? A: Oh, hunted - most of the money that I had to spend during high school, upper grades and in high school, I made hunting and trapping. Q: Oh. Where did you trap down home? A: Yes, at the barn. Skunks mostly. Once in a while a possum. Once in a while a coon. One mink. But skunks mostly. And during the World War I, we could get six dollars for a star skunk. A: I kept several traps going. Our barn was sort of a meeting ground for skunks. And there was a fellow there in town would come out and get them, skin them. I didn't have to do that. I never skinned a skunk. On Saturdays I'd hunt rabbits. And during World War I again, I could buy rabbits from the other kids for a dime apiece and get a piece of baling wire and run through their hamstring and put, Hoyne Brothers, South Water Street, Chicago, on a shipping tag and put them on the 10:45 train that night, and I got my check back - and get 50 and 60 cents apiece for them - on Tuesday. Oh, I could rattle more silver coins in my pocket than any other kids could. Q: I'll be doggoned. (laughter) Did you clean those rabbits before you shipped them? A: No! There was- oh, we'd clean the ones we ate- no. No, we wouldn't ship those. Q: So it was pretty much - except for the shot that was involved, it was pretty much clear profit, then, huh? A: Yes. We paid 45 cents for 25 black powder shotgun shells. Go out and walk - I've shot a rabbit in about every 10-acre plot within 5-miles' circumference of that little village. (laughs) Q: Well. And there were a lot of rabbits I guess in that day. Q: Was there any other type animal, like fox or anything of that nature, around? A: No, I never saw a fox running wild until I was grown. And I never saw a pheasant. We had prairie chickens. But you didn't sell them. They were game. And when I first begin to hunt rabbits, there was no closed season on rabbits. But later on there was. Q: You couldn't very well ship them up in the summer though, could you? A: Oh, no, no, just in the winter. No, but by the 1st of March, every female was full of little ones. (laughs) Q: Yes. Well. Did you then go home each week from up here? A: Oh, no. Q: When did you run your trapping lines then? A: Oh, this was before I came up here. While I was still at home. A: This was when I was in - I would say the sixth, seventh, eighth grade and the first two years in high school. A: Or three. Q: And you'd just take the rabbits down to the depot and tie the wire through their hamstrings and throw them aboard the train. A: Tag them. Put a piece of baling wire and run it through the hamstrings. Q: For heaven sakes. And you never lost any of those shipments? A: People very seldom stole anything in those days. We didn't have a key on our house on the farm until one time we went over to my grandmother, before she came to live with us, after my mother died - I had a sister younger than I am by 5 years. My grandmother lived over at Casey, Illinois, and we'd go over there about every other weekend and visit her. And one day we came back and there had been a big board torn off of the side of the barn. Well that was evidence that somebody had been horsing around, and Dad got a key for the house. We never had had a key for the house before. Q: Well. Hm. So other than that though, no one disturbed the place. Q: (pause) Did you have much occasion to hunt ducks or geese? A: No. No, we had no water around. I have killed a few geese, but that's when they would be going north or south and they'd stop on a farm pond. (pause) But I wouldn't - now I wouldn't carry a wild goose or duck home. Q: Oh, you wouldn't? Q: Why not? A: Well I don't like them as food. A: I don't like them. Don't like pheasant either. Q: Oh, you don't! A: No. Lot of people do. I guess they could cook them differently than I ever had one cooked. (laughs) And I can't stand turkey. A: That's about the only thing I don't like. Q: Well I'll be doggoned. Hm. That and milk, huh? A: Yes. I don't know whether I like milk or not, I never tried it. Q: Well. (laughter) A: But our kids now - one of our daughters is wife of the Methodist minister in Urbana - First Methodist Church over there - and they have us for Thanksgiving dinner and Christmas dinner. My wife was raised on turkey. Well we never had a turkey on the farm and we never had turkey. We raised chickens, and when you raise chickens, we'd have chicken for those meals. Well they have a turkey, but they fix chicken for me. A: Of course, they don't limit it just to me, but there's always some other meat besides Q: Yes, sir. A: Oh, it's strong and I don't like to smell it cooking. But I suspect that most of the turkeys that I have eaten, back when I got a dislike for them, were not very well refrigerated. A: Now the evening after we have turkey, then I like sliced white meat with a lot of mayonnaise for a sandwich. I guess it's to kill the taste. Q: I see. (laughter) Yes, sir. What about sports when you were in high school? A: Baseball. Q: Baseball? A: Baseball was all we had. We didn't have a gymnasium. But I played baseball when -I played on the team at Charleston, on the varsity, in 1922 and 1923. Q: Oh, you did? Q: What position did you play in high school? A: Pitcher. Q: So you must have been pretty good at it, then, huh? A: Oh . . . middling, I guess. Q: (laughs) In high school, did you play other teams around? A: Yes. Yes. Q: What other teams were involved? A: Well they usually weren't high school teams because there was no other high school around close. But we'd play pickup teams. And when I went to school up here as a freshman, I went out for freshman varsity baseball. And was never cut off, but developed a corn on my left foot - still have it - and my ankle swelled up until - I was working in the library one night, I had to work with a house slipper on. So I had to give up baseball. I think I'd have gotten cut off. I don't think I was good enough to have made Q: That was here at the University of Illinois. A: Yes. But I played commercial-league baseball up until I was, I guess, about twenty-eight years old. A: And there was a building right down here where we had our office. The janitor of that building had a son, a great big lazy guy that was so lazy he could hardly start an elevator. And I went down one Sunday to pitch a game and this fellow was there. He come up three times and hit a home run off of me every time, so I didn't play any more. A: I thought my days were over. Q: And you were about twenty-eight at that time, huh? Q: I see. Yes, sir. Now, when you went to the University of Illinois, how many hours were you carrying? A: Eighteen. Q: Eighteen hours. And you say you were working at the library, also? A: Well I worked some there in the evenings. And I worked for my meals in a restaurant. Q: Oh, I see. Right near the campus there? Q: Did you board at the same place for the University of Illinois that you did when you were going to high school? A: No. In the same block. A: But it happened not to be in the same place. Q: Was this on the Urbana side? Q: (pause) Well let's see, you took English history and college algebra and what other courses that first year? A: Commercial geography and rhet. (pause) And then - that was 16 hours of courses - and then I had - you had 2 hours - of course, we had to take physical education and military. · But I took library science because they said it was a pipe course. Q: Oh? (laughs) Well. A: Never worked so damn hard on a 3Mhour course in my life ... A: ... a 4Mhour course, as I did on that. Q: Did you enjoy it though? A: Well yes and ... I got a lot of good out of it. I've held over and I use all three of the libraries here. The university library and Urbana and Champaign public, I have books from all three of them most of the time. Q: Yes, sir. (pause) During that first year - now let's see, how many years did you go to the University of Illinois then? A: I went to the university 1 year, run out of money, got a job teaching school, taught 2 years - down close to Charleston, 9 mile, over at Ashmore - and took Saturday classes and took some reading courses, and then went back to the university down there in Charleston, 1 year, and graduated with my class. Q: Oh. Now, these Saturday courses were down at Charleston, were they? Q: And so then you graduated the same year you would have graduated if you'd have been up here. -·~ Q: That was with what, a bachelor in education? Q: And what do you remember about Charleston in those days, the campus down there? A: Oh, of course the campus ~ that normal school at Charleston, the teachers' college, was one man, L. C. Lord, the president. And a chapel ~ he had us at chapel every day. And he'd ~ it was thirty or forty minutes to read a chapter of the Bible and sing a song or two. And then he'd do the announcements and then he'd talk. And those talks, those lectures that he would give ~ although he wouldn't have dignified them by calling them lectures - were worth more than any college course I ever took. And I think that anybody would say that was true. At times Mr. Lord read to us, often from Kipling, or Dickens; at times from William James. He had before him people from kindergarten to college seniors, and he held the interest of all. Q: And this was done at chapel each day. Q: What was the tenor, a morality sort of thing? A: Oh, teachers. He'd talk about what made a good teacher and how to do it. And then he was a scholar in literature and in the arts. A good singer. Sometimes the music department would put on programs. But usually the program was just L. C. Lord. (laughs) Q: I see. I'll be doggoned. A: Yes. My wife swears that she can get in a crowd and talk 10 minutes to everyone there and she could tell every one of them that had gone to school at Charleston when Dr. Lord was the president. Q: What particular characteristics does she look for? A: Oh, just his philosophy. A: And ... he hated shotgun answers. He'd ask a question and you'd start to rambling around and he'd say, "I ask you for a can of corn and you gave me a can of kraut." Q: Oh. Well. (laughter) A: Well now you might forget what the question was that he asked but you wouldn't forget that statement. Q: I see. (laughs) Yes, sir. A: And he was a scholar of the old school. And I was told by a fellow who finally came to Charleston to teach, that he went in - he was a Yale man - and he went in to ... a faculty adviser, I guess. And he was a history major. And he said he'd like to go west, get out west somewhere. The adviser said, "Then go to Charleston, Illinois. Go to Lord's school." So he came. Mr. Widger was his name. He became an outstanding English teacher. But after Dr. Lord had interviewed him, asked him some questions, and - oh, Mr. Widger says, "Well, Dr. Lord" - and he didn't want that "Doctor" business. He said the most complimentary thing you could say about anybody is "Mister." And he said that, "I'm a history teacher." Dr. Lord named his adviser and, "He said you were a teacher. I want a grammar teacher. You don't go into class for another month, I'll teach you all the grammar you need." A: And he stayed in grammar and come up here [University of Illinois] and got a doctor's degree later. Q: Well, for goodness sakes. Hm. Then at this Ashmore school, what did you teach? A: Oh, God, whatever the other two teachers couldn't teach. There were only three of us. I taught algebra, geometry, American history, and Latin. I signed my contract with the clerk of the board, he was a blacksmith, and I was going to go right out and on back to Charleston and he said, "Say, I better tell you what you're supposed to teach." And he said, "We'd like to have Latin taught here and neither one of the other teachers can teach Latin." He says, "Can you?" I said, "Yes." I'd had 2 years. And, brother, I spent - it was a month before school started, and I spent my month on that old Latin book, I tell you! (laughs) Two years of Latin. Latin and Julius Caesar. But they didn't learn any Latin, probably; but I know one thing, I learned more grammar than I had in all grammar and English courses I had ever taken. Q: Oh? (laughter) I see. Yes, sir. Well. Let's see, you were there for what, 2 years, you say? Q: How large a school was Ashmore school? A: Oh, I would say ... fifty, maybe, tops. Q: And this was a high school? Q: Where did you live while you went to school there? Right near the school? Or was it close enough to home? A: No, I lived in Charleston. Q: Ashmore High School is in Charleston. A: No, no. No, no. I didn't - you said, "Where did you live when you went to school?" Now did you mean when I taught? Q: When you taught. A: Well I lived at Ashmore. Q: At Ashmore. A: A little town, yes. It was a town of about seven, eight hundred. Q: How far was it from Charleston? A: Nine miles. Q: I see. So it was no problem getting there for Saturday courses and that sort of thing. A: No. No, I'd go in on - there was a train that left Ashmore about seven o'clock in the Q: Then when you went to the final year at Charleston, you moved then into Charleston A: Oh, yes. I went to school, summer schools, for two summer schools too. Q: Oh. Yes. And then graduated with your BE. In what year would that have been? A: In 1923. Q: Sir, I failed to record your parents' names yesterday. Your father's name was what? A: Thomas Nelson Clabaugh. Q: And your mother's name. A: Patsy Richardson. Q: Patsy Richardson Clabaugh. Okay. Now you had one brother and one sister, is that correct? A: Yes, and one younger brother who died in infancy. Brother was older and the other two were younger than I. Q: I see. What do you remember about your older brother? A: Oh, I remember about everything about him because in 1925 he begin to work for me as a mechanic and worked for me installing metal weather strips - that was my contracting business - and worked for me until he died in 1949. So we were constantly together during all of those years. Q: So you were very close from the beginning, then. A: And the amicable relationships that existed between my father and his brothers existed between my brother and me all the time. Q: What was his education? Did he go on to the University of Illinois? A: No, he didn't go through high school. He went through 2 years of high school. Q: I see. Yes. Then was he doing farm work? Q: Until he went to work with you, then. Title Clabaugh, Charles W. - Interview and Memoir Subject Champaign-Urbana (Ill.) Coles County (Ill.) Illinois General Assembly--House Description Clabaugh, member of the Illinois House of Representatives 1939-75, discusses his years in the Illinois General Assembly: transportation, agriculture, education, conservation, civil rights, and WWII legislation; the 1970 Constitutional Convention; School Problems Commission; judicial reform; women in the legislature; and politics. He also discusses his years before the General Assembly: farm life in Coles County, Illinois; teaching; and early political activities. He also discusses retirement, travels, and duties as minority leader. Creator Clabaugh, Charles W. (1900-1987) Contributors Waggoner, Horace Q. [interviewer] Identifier C512 Relation ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM Title Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir Vol. 1 - Part 1 Transcript University of Illinois at Springfield Norris L Brookens Library Archives/Special Collections Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir C512. Clabaugh, Charles W. (1900-1987) Interview and memoir 23 tapes, 1157 mins., 2 vols., 316 pp., plus index ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM Clabaugh, member of the Illinois House of Representatives 1939-75, discusses his years in the Illinois General Assembly: transportation, agriculture, education, conservation, civil rights, and WWII legislation; the 1970 Constitutional Convention; School Problems Commission; judicial reform; women in the legislature; and politics. He also discusses his years before the General Assembly: farm life in Coles County, Illinois; teaching; and early political activities. He also discusses retirement, travels, and duties as minority leader. Interview by Horace Q. Waggoner, 1980 OPEN See collateral file Archives/Special Collections LIB 144 University of Illinois at Springfield One University Plaza, MS BRK 140 Springfield IL 62703-5407 © 1980, University of Illinois Board of Trustees Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM CHARLES W. CLABAUGH MEMOIR VOLUME I PREPARED FOR THE ILLINOIS LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL BY THE ORAL HISTORY OFFICE OF SANGAMON STATE UNIVERSITY SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS 1982 Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS ILLINOIS LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL 1 07 Stratton Building, Springfield, Illinois 62706 Representative Jacob John Wolf, Chicago, Chairman Senator William F. Mahar, Homewood, Vice Chairman Representative Samuel M. McGrew, Galesburg, Secretary Senators John A. D'Arco, Chicago Terry L. Bruce, Olney William F. Mahar, Homewood William A. Marovitz, Chicago Dawn Clark Netsch, Chicago Frank M. Ozinga, Evergreen Park George E. Sangmeister, Mokena Jack Schaffer, Crystal Lake Ex Officio Philip J. Rock, Oak Park President of the Senate James "Pate" Philip, Lombard Senate Minority Leader Representatives J. Robert Barr, Evanston Phillip Bianco, Chicago Glen L. Bower, Effingham Peg McDonnell, Breslin, Ottawa Ted E. Leverenz, Maywood Samuel M. McGrew, Galesburg Everett G. Steele, Glen Carbon Jacob John Wolf, Chicago Ex Officio George H. Ryan, Kankakee Speaker of the House Michael J. Madigan, Chicago House Minority Leader ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITIEE Cullom Davis, Director, Oral History Program; Professor of History, Sangamon State University William L. Day, Former Director, Illinois Legislative Council; Editor Emeritus, Illinois Issues David Everson, Director, Legislative Studies Center; Associate Professor of Political Studies, Sangamon State University Gerald L. Gherardini, Associate Director, Illinois Legislative Council Samuel K. Gove, Director, Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of Illinois H. William Hey, Director of Research, Illinois Legislative Council Dan Holt, Field Serv. Supervisor, State Historical Library; Adjunct Professor of History, Sangamon State University Robert P. Howard, Former State House Reporter for Chicago Tribune; Author, Illinois: A History of the Prairie State Margaret Munn, Hearing Supervisor, Department of Mental Health J. Glenn Schneider, State Representative 41st Legislative District Member, Illinois Legislative Council Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS ILLINOIS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 1939-1975 Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM PREVIOUS TITLES lN SERIES Martin B. Lohmann Memoir, 1 Vol. (1980) Bernice T. VanDer Vries Memoir, 3 Vols. (1980) Walter J. Reum Memoir, 2 Vols. (1980) Thomas A. McGloon Memoir, 2 Vols. (1981) John W. Fribley Memoir, 2 Vols. (1981) ' j Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS Preface This oral history of Charles W. Clabaugh's service in the Illinois House of Representatives is a product of the Illinois Legislative Council's General Assembly Oral History Program. The oral history technique adds a distinctive new dimension to the council's statutory responsibil­ity for performing research and collecting information concerning the government of the state. Charles W. Clabaugh was born near Lerna, Illinois, on August 15, 1900. In the story of his youth, he recounts experiences typical of Illinois rural life in the early days of the 20th century. After initial studies at the University of Illinois he went on to earn, while teaching in the high school at Ashmore, Illinois, a Bachelor of Education degree at Charleston Teach­ers College. He later taught at Farmington, Illinois. After gaining experience as a district manager for the Chamberlin Weather Strip Company, in 1935 he formed the Champaign Weather Strip Company which he operated until1964. Mr. Clabaugh's interest in politics was developed at an early age. He vividly recalls election contests and issues from as early as 1912. His first political position was as a republican precinct committeeman on the outskirts of Champaign, Illinois. Elected to this position in 1930, he still held it at the time the interviews for this oral history memoir were conducted. After an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1936, he was elected on his second try in 1938 and continued to serve for 36 years, until 1975. Mr. Clabaugh's major legislative achievements were in the field of education. He served on the House Education Committee all except his last term and on the School Problems Commission from 1951 on. His memoir, while focusing on such legislation, also recounts personal and political subjects. Of particular interest are his characterizations of fellow legislators. Readers of this oral history should bear in mind that it is a transcript of the spoken word. Its informal, conversational style represents a deliberate attempt to encourage candor and to tap the narrator's memory. However, persons interested in listening to the tapes should understand that editorial considerations produced a text that differs somewhat from the original recordings. Both the recordings and this transcript should be regarded as a primary historical source, as no effort was made to correct or challenge the narrator. Neither the Illinois Legislative Council nor Sangamon State University is responsible for the factual accuracy of the memoir, nor for views expressed therein; these are for the reader to judge. v Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS The tape recorded interviews were conducted by Horace Waggoner during the summer of 1980. Mr. Waggoner was born in 1924 in Waggoner, a small farm-service community in cen­tral Illinois. At age 18, he enlisted for military service in World War II and, as a U. S. Air Force commissioned officer, continued to serve until 1973. Upon leaving service, he resumed his formal education, achieving a masters degree in history at Sangamon State Universtiy in 1975. Specializing in the field of oral history, his association with the Sanga­mon State University Oral History Office dates from 1976. Ulanda Buckhold transcribed the tapes. After the transcriptions were edited by Mr. Waggoner and reviewed by Mr. Clabaugh, Jean Curtin prepared the typescript. The use of computerized word processing was made possible by programs developed or modified for the purpose by Bernadette Emery and James Skufca. Florence Hardin compiled the index. The Chicago Tribune and the Illinois Historical Survey Office of the University of Illinois provided valuable assistance in the research effort. This oral history may be read, quoted and cited freely. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the Illi­nois Legislative Council, Room 107, Stratton Building, Springfield, Illinois, 62706. Vl Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS Table of ~ontents Note on page location: Volume I: pages 1-152 Volume II: pages 153-313 Preface ................................................................................................................................................ v The Years Before ............................................................................................................................... 1 Family background - Farm life - Education - Family political interests - Teaching experiences - Champaign Weather Strip Company - Precinct committeeman- Marriage The General Assembly Years ......................................................................................................... 63 Campaigning - Election - Getting started - Elections and reapportion­ment legislation - Transportation legislation - Special interest groups - Agriculture legislation - Public utilities and railroads legislation - Civil rights legislation - Women in the legislature - Civil service - Patronage - Municipalities legislation - Waterways, conservation, fish, and game legislation - Movie making - Legislative reform - Financial institutions legislation -Politics -World War II legislation -Education legislation - School Problems Commission - Fiscal reform - Lobbyists - Judicial reform - Constitutional Convention - Revenue legislation The Years After ................................................................................................................................ 287 Retirement - Minority leader staff duty - Family history publication - Travels- Daughter's lives- Thoughts on a legislative career today Index .................................................................................................................................................... 304 Illustrations following page 48, 102, and 208 vii Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS Volume I Charles W. Clabaugh SESSION 1, TAPE 1, SIDE 1 Q: Okay, we are recording. I wonder if we could first put on the record an account of your tenure, when you started in the legislature and how long you were there. A: Well, I was elected the first time in 1938. And I was elected the last time in 1972. So I retired in 1975; that is, you see, I went through the 1973-1974 session, then when the members-elect were sworn in on the second Wednesday in January, I was automatically retired. Q: Oh, I see. That was in January, then, I guess, when they do that. A: January of 1975. Q: Yes, I see. Now, that's how many years, then? A: Thirty-six. Q: And you represented the same district that whole time, did you? A: Yes. Four different numbers the district had, but it was the - well, there was one - we had Piatt, Moultrie and Champaign Counties for more than half of the time, and then they dropped Piatt out and put Douglas in place. Q: What were the numbers of those districts? Do you recall? A: Well, it was 24 ... and 44 ... and 48, and 52. (pause) I can find it. (pauses and searches through notes) It was 52 when I finally ended. I don't know whether this has - some of the books have a listing of - yes, this will tell. Q: Those Blue Books are very handy, aren't they? A: Yes. (pause) The 24th District from 1939 to ... 1969. And the 44th in the 70th [General Assembly], 71st and 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th. The 48th in the 76th, 77th. And the 52nd in the 78th. Q: All right, sir. A: But there were just four counties involved altogether, only three at any one time. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 2 Q: Yes. Could you describe what your district characteristics were in general? A: Well, the two principal industries, as we would say, or occupations of people, were agriculture and the University of Illinois. That was before the junior colleges and the University of Illinois was the only higher education there was in the district. And a mere smattering of industry. Q: Other than farming. A: Yes. Q: All right, sir. Okay. I wonder if we could go back and take a little bit of a look at your family background. First of all your paternal ancestors. Where did they come from when they came to Illinois? A: They came from Ohio to Indiana and were in Indiana 4 years, I think it was, and then to Illinois in 1865. My father's father was, I think, a Pennsylvania Dutchman born in Ohio. His father was born in Ohio. And his father - I don't know where he was born, but he was married in Virginia in 1785. My father's mother's people were also Pennsylvania Dutch, and Huguenots. Of course, you see, the Huguenot immigration was from France to get away from King Louis' inquisition, and went over to Germany, but they didn't like it very well there. And they stayed there a few generations and then came on to Pennsylvania - Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Indiana - Ohio, Indiana. The mother state was Ohio. That's where my grandparents got together. Q: I see. Yes. What was her name, her maiden name? A: Her maiden name was Poland. And she was a direct descendant of a Peter Poland, an Englishman, who, with his brother, came to America in 1750. I don't know where in England he was from, but he came on board the ship PATIENCE, en route from Rotterdam with a load of Palatines bound for Philadelphia. Since the ship was from a foreign port, bound for a place in the British Empire, it was required to stop at Cowes, Isle of Wight, for inspection. The Poland brothers came on board and continued on to America. When I was researching for my family history, I assumed that the brothers were Palatines, as Poland may be a German name, although it would have been spelled P~O·L·E·N. However I located a man in West Virginia, a descendant of Peter's brother, who had the lineage back to the immigrant brothers, and he cleared me on that point. Polands have fought in all of our wars until the Spanish·American War. Q: Well! Were there any particularly significant individuals among your paternal ancestors? A: Not among my direct ancestors, but the name Hilligas, during the pre~revolutionary days and for several years following that, was probably one if not the leading name in Pennsylvania. In fact, Michael Hilligas was the first treasurer of the United States and worked very closely with Robert Morris in financing the Revolutionary War. He was such a stand~out person, his father and uncles were businessmen in Philadelphia, that I could hardly - when I found out that he wasn't a direct ancestor - by golly, I could hardly find anything about our branch of the family. "You have anything on Hilligas?" I'd say at the library. And, "Oh, yes." And here would come reams of stuff about Michael, but nothing else. But I did find a little insignificant·looking book in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and it told the story of them back to the 17th century. And they were Huguenots, and I'm a member of the Huguenot Society of America. Q: Now how did the Hilligas enter the family? Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 3 A: My father's grandmother was a Hilligas. Q: I see. That would be your great-great-grandmother, then. A: That's right. Yes. Q: Okay. A: ·All farmers. Q: Oh, is that right? All farmers all the way down the line. A: Yes. Q: What about your mother's side of the family? A: They came from Virginia to Kentucky. Her name was Richardson. And they connected up with the Roy family. And when you got into the Richardsons and the Roys in those two states, particularly the Richardsons, there were so many of them I had to give up on them. And I found a family history of the Roys. And I copied a good deal of it in my family history. The first Roy that they have direct lineage on was Hugh Roy, who came in the middle 1600's ... to Virginia. Q: You say you have collected this together and formed a family history? A: (pauses and gets book) Q: My goodness, quite a volume. So if anyone wanted to look up your ancestors, there's a book entitled (reads from title page) The Ancestors of Charles Wesley Clabaugh and Louise Zimmerman Clabaugh and Their Descendants. A: Yes. Q: Published in 1975. A: Yes. And these are the - here's the Hilligas family right here. Q: I see. Yes. A: This young Michael Hilligas, when his father died, he was an iron manufacturer. They had a lot of these little country iron puddlers in Pennsylvania. And he owned them - I don't know how many. In some of those counties, you'd go down through the land records and find scores ofhis properties. And when his father died, he had a large enough estate that - for those days - he had to give a bond of 200,000 dollars as administrator of the estate. (laughs) Q: Gee whiz! A: I just know it was a large bond. I don't know how big an estate it was. Q: And these were ironworks where, in Ohio? A: No, Pennsylvania. Q: And these were local, individual makers of the iron. A: Yes, with wood, burnt wood, and charcoal. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 4 Q: I'll be doggoned. Well. (pause) How well did you know your father's father? A: He died 27 years before I was born. Q: Oh, I see. How about your grandmother? A: She lived with us from the time I was 10 years old until I left home, and she is the main character in that book. Because she left, when she died in our home in Mattoon, she left a little box, so big (indicates size), that had been in the family for over a century. And in that I've had practically all of the tax receipts and contracts of purchase of land that my great-grandfather made, from the time he was married in 1826 until she died. And I put those things together in a book. (hands interviewer the book) Q: Oh, a beautiful book, yes. A: And - go clear back - and in there I have the letters, applications for pensions in the War of 1812 and the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. And then this was one on my mother's side. (points out copy) Q: Oh, so you've preserved these in binders. I see. A: Yes. And many of them are laminated, but some of them were not. Q: My goodness. A: (points out copies) My first teaching certificate. And my first certificate as a member of the legislature. Q: Well. Oh, yes. So this goes back many many years though. A: Well it goes clear back to William Poland, who was a - in fact, he was in the army and the marines in the Revolutionary War three or four times. Q: Well! A: And in ... Here is his, I think it's his contract for sale of land. You see, Maryland, they went from Maryland, and Maryland pensioned their own soldiers; that is, they gave them land. I think they were the only colony that didn't get land from the federal government. Q: I see. A: And he got a little strip over there and that's the first one. And I traced that ... the real estate holdings of my direct line clear down, until this grandmother finally sold her inheritance in the early 1900's. Q: Well. I'll be doggoned. A: And it's extremely interesting. And I'm sure that my daughters will appreciate it. Q: I'm sure they will, too. Yes, sir. A: And one of the things in there that - I'll get off the subject, then I'll listen to you. Running through one of the muster rolls of an Indian war back in Maryland, I found one of my ancestors and one of my wife's ancestors who served at the same time in the same company, and their names follow. Two of them and one of ours, there's one Carmack, Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 5 one Clabaugh and then one Carmack. The second Carmack is a brother of Mrs. Clabaugh's great-great-great-great- grandfather. Q: Well, for heaven sakes! (laughter) A: And that's just purely by chance. Q: So the families really go back a long way together, then. (laughs) I see. And this was in the Indian wars prior to the Revolution. A: The Indian wars. In 1767. I just looked in an index and saw Clabaugh and looked further and there were those three names. Q: I'll be doggoned. (laughs) What type person was your grandmother? A: (pause) Well, being a Huguenot, she was an extremely religious person. She was raised in Ohio in a large family, married when she was 21 or 22 years old. And my father was born, he was the oldest child she had. Her husband died when my father was 12 and his youngest brother was less than a year. And they lived on a 30-acre farm out south and west of Charleston. And she raised the family on that. Q: This is Charleston, Illinois. A: Yes, sir. Q: What do you remember most about her? A: Well I remember her extreme piety. In that little box that I told you about, there were letters of exchange between her and her brothers and her sisters. And when ... they spoke very religiously and - in conversing with each other and writing with each other about the death of two of their brothers who were lost in the Civil War. One died from wounds and the other one died just a month after he got in the service. Exposure I suppose, in November. · She was a very determined person, as she had to be. And coming from that part of Ohio, central part of Ohio, that was an extremely strong anti-slavery area. She's talked to me - I was the youngest boy in the family and I'd have to stay home with Grandma when the rest of them went somewhere. And I'm glad now that I did. And she was never - said many times she wasn't afraid to die anytime the Lord wanted to take her, but she didn't want to be killed. Q: Oh, I see. Well! (laughter) Wanted a natural death. A: We'd cross those two railroads as we drove from the little town where we lived then, and she wouldn't even trust us. She'd look about to see if there was a train coming. Then she'd say, "I'm not afraid to die, but I don't want to get killed." Q: I see. (laughter) Well. What was your father like? A: Well he was a determined fellow. As I first remember him, he was working on a farm for, oh, a large landowner down there. Eighty cents a day was what he was getting paid. We moved from that farm in 1905, and he and his youngest brother were partners on another farm. We called it the Miles' place. The families all got along extremely welL My father and his two brothers, when they got together as older men - Dad lived to be 77 and the - I just looked it up before you came - and both of the other ones lived to be 81, 83. One of them's 81 and one's 83 years Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 6 old. And when they got together - as we quite often did, of course, in the country - they were just like three kids. Very, very close to each other and very fond of each other. But none of them died worth very much, still, for that matter. But I think they did a pretty goodjob. · I think the thing I remember probably most about my father was that - until he went farming for himself, he always worked for somebody - he believed in giving a day's work for a day's pay. And I got a job at about seventeen, during World War I, cutting broomcorn, which is a horse job! There's no harder work. And for 5 dollars a day. And I came home and told Dad I was going to work for Mr. Norton, 5 dollars a day, and he said, "Well, I never thought I'd live to see it, a son of mine that would be able to earn 5 dollars a day." And to see that I did earn 5 dollars a day - he had been a broomcorn contractor in his early day - he'd cut right across the field and help me. And he would cut the south end of my table. He wouldn't get up where the other fellows would see him because they'd think then not so well of me. Q: I see. A: But he'd cut off twenty or thirty rod off of the south end. Not for anything, except just he wanted to be sur·e that his boy earned his money. And he was always that way. He died that way. Q: Now you were living near Charleston, Illinois, at that time? A: Well you know where the little town of Lerna is? Q: No, I don't, sir. A: Well, if you go 9 miles southwest of Charleston and 6 miles southeast of Mattoon, there's two railroads and where they cross, in Coles County, that's Lerna. It's about 4 miles north of the Cumberland/Coles County line. And the one person - one of the few people that I couldn't find where they were born, when I wrote that book, was Charles W. Clabaugh. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughs) A: I don't know which county I was born in. Dad was a broomcorn contractor, as I say, and their main work was in August and I was to come in August. And I was just always told that Dad took Mother to Grandma's for the occasion. One of my grandmothers lived barely over in Coles County and the other one barely over in Cumberland County. And I don't know to which grandmother's she went. Q: Well! (laughter) A: And there's no record in either Coles or Cumberland County. Q: Hm. No record of your birth there. A: That's right. Q: I'll be doggoned. A: And when we got ready to go abroad in 1961 - no, 1962 - we had one heck of a job. (laughs) If I hadn't have been a member of the legislature, I don't think I could have got a birth certificate. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 7 Q: Proving that you were born at one time. A: Yes. Q: I see. WelL (pause) Now you say that you lived on one farm for about five years and then the family moved to another farm? A: Yes. They lived - then it was in 1905 that he moved away from the farm where he had been working for the other man. Q: Oh, I see. A: And went a distance northeast, closer to Charleston. We lived there 3 years. And both of the brothers - and their families were getting up then and the farm wasn't big enough to support two families, and we moved on over closer to Lerna and we were there until we kids left home and Dad sold out. Q: What kind of person was he? Was he a strict disciplinarian? A: Oh, of course I thought he was then. And he was. He expected us to work. I milked. I'd get up of a morning and milk. And in the farming season, we were up at 4:30 in the morning. And when we lived on the farm from which we moved away in 1908, I was milking then. Q: Oh, you were at that time? A: Yes. Q: How many cows did the family keep normally? A: Oh, we had two. Q: What other kind of livestock did you have around? A: Oh, Dad was a hog raiser. Q: Oh, he was? A: Not hundreds of hogs, but forty or fifty. He'd market forty or fifty hogs every spring, and every falL Twice a year. Q: Was he farming that farm that you lived on at that time, then? Or were you just living there and he was working elsewhere? A: No, he was - the two of them, the two brothers worked a 200·acre farm between them. One man couldn't handle a 200·acre farm in those days. And we went to 115 acres, a good farm, just north of Lerna, and lived there. And I think they left there - we moved there in 1908 and I think they left there in 1920. I had come up to school then. Q: So you left home about the time they moved from there. A: Yes. Q: What were the first chores that you had to do on the farm there? A: First chores? Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 8 Q: Yes. A: Well, I think ... the first one I remember was the milking, because, well, I was pretty big then, when they'd give me a bucket and let me go milk. But we just did all the other work, and until you - all the chores of feeding the horses and hogs and the cattle. You didn't feed the cattle anything in the summertime because they pastured. Q: Did you have any chickens on the farm? A: Oh, yes. But in those days, the women pretty well took care of the chickens. Most farms, I would say, the women took care of the cows. But that wasn't true at our house. Q: Oh? A: No. Q: So that was your job once you got started on it, then? A: Yes. Q: Did you like to milk? A: Oh, yes. I've never had a drink of milk in my life that I ever knew of. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughter) You didn't like it or ... A: I don't know. Q: Well! (laughs) A: I eat it on cereal but I don't drink it at all. Q: Did you then? A: No. Q: Didn't then. Why wouldn't you drink milk at that time? A: I don't know. Later I found out that in my mother's family there was a couple of her brothers - whom I just barely knew then, but that I got well acquainted with later - that they were just . . . Q: Didn't drink milk. A: When our first little girl was born, I'd seen people - she was a bottle baby, of course - and I'd see people squirt milk on their wrist . Q: To see how hot it was? A: (indicates affirmative) I'd set the bottle right down and go wash off that wrist. Q: Oh! Well. (laughter) A: When I was trying to gain some weight back, and I still am, they gave me this Insure. Insure is a baby food. And I don't think there's any milk in it, but it looks like milk. And I got so I could take it, I don't mind it now, but the glass smells like milk and I put it right in the dishwasher, because I don't want ... Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 9 Q: You've had a lifelong aversion to milk, then? A: Antipathy to milk, yes. I always did. Q: Well, for heaven's sake. Hm. (pause) Did you start field work there on the farm? A: Oh, yes. Q: What was the first thing you did in the field? A: (pause) Oh, I suppose, after I got off the hoe - I had a brother older than I who was an expert with horses. Dad let him go out with the team when he was eight, nine years old. I wasn't that good. But I hoed. But when I got off the hoe - and my father got pretty much crippled up with rheumatism and didn't do too much in the later years. But ... Oh, I suppose harrow. Q: Harrowing? A: Harrowing. Because that, if you get out of line, why, you can turn around and go back and d9 it over again. Q: Yes, sir. (laughter) A: My father told me once that I was the only person he ever knew that could drive a 6-foot cultivator through a 16-foot gate and hit both posts at the same time, and so help me God I did! Q: Well! (laughter) A: Cut it too short and put the neck yoke over one post and the wheels, they came right up to the other one and caught on it. (laughter) Q: I guess corn planting wouldn't have been in your line in the early days, then? A: No. No. Q: How about cultivating? A: Oh, yes. Yes. Q: What'd you have, a two-row cultivator or a single row? A: A single row. And I've plowed a good many acres with a single walking plow, a breaking plow. Q: How old were you when you finally got your walking legs behind the plow? A: Oh, fifteen, I suppose. Q: Do you remember any particular instances where you felt you were never going to make it through the day walking behind the plow? A: Oh, no. The day it - you may - I don't know whether - how long you've been in this country but in 1917 a tremendous tornado went through Mattoon and Charleston. Hit them both. Killed, oh, over a hundred people in Mattoon and almost a hundred in Charleston. And it came in from the southwest. And I was working for my uncle just west Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 10 of Mattoon and a little south and the ~ hot! The 26th of May. And it got dark and darker and darker, and we couldn't see the other teams that were out in the field. I was plowing with a breaking plow, a walking plow. You used a walking plow in the stumps. This was ~ they hadn't grubbed the things all out. And of course, you had to be goddang careful because there was still some live roots in there and the plow would cut one of them and then an end of the root would flip right back and you'd have to jump up on the - get your feet up before they got hit with - on the shins. Q: Oh. (laughter) A: But generally speaking, we had riding plows. But for plowing gardens and for plowing end rows round along the end where the horses had packed it down, you see. Oh, I kind of enjoyed it, but it was hard work. Q: Yes, I imagine it was. Did you do any kind of planting, wheat or anything of that sort? A: No, we didn't raise wheat. Never did raise wheat. Corn and oats and clover and timothy hay. (pause) And the most onerous job that I had to do on the farm was shocking oats. Q: Oh? A: Had to use a binder, you know, and then you'd put the bundles in shocks. Because my dad insisted that when you shocked the shock, you'd set the bundles up and then one, you broke it and then took it in this hand and broke it down there and put it over and then put another one on to shield the water off of the shock. Q: Oh, on the top. A: And he didn't mean just lay the bundle up there, but he meant get that and pull it, hand pull it down and break it and that was pretty hard. I weighed probably 115 pounds. And then you reached down to get a bundle to throw up and set it down and ~ just sort of like being on a merry-go-round. And I detested it. Threshing, haymaking, I didn't have any trouble with them. Q: What did you do with the threshing crew? A: Well, they ~ threshing crew usually stayed at the house of the farmer that they was threshing for. So then you had the threshing rings. The farmers would come in over a certain area. That's what we call a community. You help thresh and that made your community. Q: Did you have one threshing machine for the community there? A: Yes. Q: Do you know who owned it? A: Yes. Bill Funkhauser. Q: He owned the steam engine and the separator, I guess. A: Yes, and his son, George - Benchy we always called him - run the engine. Q: Oh? (pause) What was your job on the crew normally? Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 11 A: Well, in the last years, I was a bundle hauler. That is, hauled bundles in to the Q: On the wagon? Takes quite a skill to handle one of those, doesn't it? A: It does to load them right. Back when I - during World War I the average farm boy in Illinois wanted to go, and a lot of them did, go northwest to help with the wheat harvest. And I went. I don't remember how much money I had, but I didn't have much, and I started out. Three of us started out together. One of them dropped off at Mattoon, 6 miles from home. Another one came to Champaign and got off here and I went on. I went out to a little town just south of Sioux City, South Dakota, by the name of Manila, Iowa. And out there, those fellows used basket racks. They didn't have just a flat rack like we had. Well, of course, I was just a smart-alecky kid, I said, "Well, anybody can haul on that." And then I tried to show that I could put more on my rack than they could put on theirs and I did. And one time - course, when you lay the bundles along the side and then another row in here and then you put - in the middle, you call that the "tie." And when you start to pitching, you start to pitch the tie off first, and when I got about halfway down, my load just split, fell off on the ground. Q: Well. (laughter) So you had to pitch it into the separator from on the ground, then. A: Yes. Q: I see. So there was a special technique to it. A: Yes, you had to load it right. Q: Did you ever lose a load here in Illinois? A: No, and no more out there. Q: Who taught you how to load a rack? A: Oh, you'd learn it from pitching. Course, the first thing you do is pitch bundles. Q: In the field. A: Yes. But of course, every kid wants to do the next thing. Nobody wants to be the pitcher for long. Q: Yes. A: Threshing was an interesting season. Wasn't interesting out in Iowa because they raised nothing but bearded wheat out there - oh, and they also raised barley, too. Barley had not only the spines of wheat but it added to it dust and, of course, itching and scratching, as broomcorn does. And you just go wild. The law in Iowa made it a heavy penalty then to burn a strawstack, consequently - here in Illinois if the wind was from the west, you put the engine here and the separator here and do it this way and the men pitched in from the sides, but they couldn't afford to take that chance out there, so they set it like this and one fellow always had the dirty side. Q: Perpendicular to the wind, in other words. A: Yes, crosswind. Well, yes, the fellow on the west side was all right. The east side got the dust of both of them and - pretty much the fellows followed rotation. They would trade sides. One time, late in the afternoon, one fellow ran in on the clean side twice and Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 12 a real fight broke out. Pitchforks and some got neck yokes, but they all washed the blood off in the same washpan and set down and ate supper. (laughter) Q: I don't suppose he did that again, then, huh? A: Oh, he didn't do it any more that I saw. Q: Did you do any other job on the threshing crew? A: Yes. Most of the time out west that summer, I ran the tank wagon. Q: Oh? For the locomotive. A: Yes. You have a wagon that's a big barrel shape tank that would hold, maybe, twenty or thirty barrels of water. And you would always have to locate - sometimes a well. You didn't like a well because you had to pull it straight up with that big pump, back and forth. But most of them had farm ponds, and you pumped it up that way. Pretty hard work, but much easier than drawing it from a well. Q: Did you ever do that back here in Illinois? A: (indicates negative) Q: So, all you did was run a wagon or pitch onto the wagon here in Illinois. A: (indicates affirmative) Q: Never had occasion to build a strawstack off the end of the separator? A: No. No, because we - my father always arranged to have the hay balers come in that afternoon or the next morning to do the baling because straw, oats straw, that has not been rained on is good feed and we baled it. Q: Baled it immediately, then. A: Yes. Before it got wet, for the straw gets dusty if it is rained on. Q: So you didn't have the problem of building a stack. A: No. Q: Just blew it out. A: The first job I had for pay away from home, I punched wires on a hay baler one summer. I had to go over to the neighbor who had the hay baler at 5:30 in the morning and I came home - I got home after dark almost every day and I got five dollars a week. Q: Pretty tough job, I guess. A: Well, you were right in the dust and everybody took it. When you were punching wires, you would stand more than you'd work, but you had to be there. As every bale came out, you had to punch the wire through and then go to the other side and punch them back through. The wireboy, he could do all the odd jobs. He could run and get the jug of water and all that sort of thing. SESSION 1, TAPE 1, SIDE 2 Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS I ~ f t 13 Q: What about working with corn, sir? Did you have much experience with corn? A: Oh, yes. We'd start to shuck corn - in those days, you might be able to start the last days in October in a good dry year and the average one of our farmers went by the rule to try to get the corn all planted before Decoration Day, all layed by, plowed, before the 4th of July and shucked before Thanksgiving, but we didn't always make it by then. Q: Did you like to shuck corn? A: No. In the first place, they had to take us out of school, take time-out from school, and you had to catch up. Then of course, as long back as I've been able to tell about, one man would shuck two loads of corn, ordinarily thirty~five or forty bushel, about as much as you can haul conveniently. You'd get through by two o'clock in the afternoon and then you'd scoop the load off but, boy, you'd go to the field at four o'clock, before daylight, and pull up and sit on the wagon - several days have to wait until it got light enough - and yet you'd quit in the middle of the afternoon. Q: Still had to scoop it off, I suppose, though. A: If you didn't take it to the mill, you had to scoop it off. Q: Did you have sufficient hogs that you stored much of the corn? A: Yes. My dad and my brother were both left-handed, shoveling, scoopmg, and I was right-handed, so I always had to go -cross fired. Q: I see. You always parked it on the wrong side there. Did you do much shocking of corn? A: No. I don't know that I ever shocked any corn. That is a hard job, and it was a job for a man and there were usually men that rated as specialists in that. We didn't shock very much corn on our farm. Q: You didn't need to because the hogs you? you didn't feed that sort of thing to hogs, did A: No. No. No, but the cattle like it, horses liked it. But it took a lot of space, it didn't pack down tightly. Q: You put the hay up in a barn, did you? A: Yes, sir. Q: You didn't have an outside haystack. A: No. Oh, we did a few times but generally not. We had an immense barn and one horse would pull hay up into the mow with a pulley and rope and, of course, that was my job, was driving that horse. Q: Oh, is that right? A: Oh, yes. Q: You never had to work up in the barn itself to adjust the hay? A: No, very seldom. Our barn was so high that if you just let it fall - once in awhile, we would put somebody up in the mow, but ... It took one person to drive the horse so Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 14 I could do a full man's job there, but couldn't do a full man's job up in the mow until the last years that I worked. Q: What kind of person was your mother? A: Well, she died when I was 9 years old. Q: Oh, I see. A: She was very quiet, dark . . . not too dark and I remember her quite well but . . . I knew her more from hearing Dad tell about her personality traits. I heard my father say many times he never heard Patsy ever say one evil or foul word, a critical word of anybody. Q: Well. (pause) Let's see, so actually you remember your grandmother in those days more than your mother as you were growing up. A: Yes. Yes, my grandparents on - my mother's parents died when I was 9 and 10 years old. (pause) I found a picture of these two grandparents. My grandfather was ... a typical high-shouldered Kentuckian. (pause) He wasn't afraid of work. He'd go lay right down and sleep right beside of it. (locates picture in book) This was taken on the two grandparents' 50th wedding anniversary. Q: Oh, my goodness. That's quite a beard he had. A: He was 70 years old when that was taken and she was 69. They lived in a little two-room box house, they called it, with a summer kitchen. Never had a mosquito bar or a screen on a window. I suppose they had some flies because I can recall, while I never could slap a fly, my granddad, when he was old, could pop 'em. Never had a rocking chair in the house. He made his own chairs; that is, he would make the hickory bottom. And I've seen him weaving that bark into the bottom of it. They survived on a little 2-acre farm in their latter days. Both were what we used to call hard-shelled Baptist, the primitive Baptist. We'd go down on Saturday morning and Grandpa and Grandma would walk up the railroad track about a half a quarter to town to church. I couldn't understand why they'd go to church on Saturday, but they did. And the old church is still standing there. It isn't used but it's still standing down there in the little village of Janesville. Q: I'll be doggoned. (pause) What kind of person was he? He looks kind of like he had a sense of humor. A: Well, I never saw it. He was a crotchety old cuss. They raised a big family. And I couldn't find, until he bought that little 2 acres, I couldn't find where he ever owned title to any property. They came to Illinois in the ... 1860's or 1870's. And then that was one of the times of the great rush to Kansas. And they went to Kansas. Covered wagon. My mother used to tell about it. And during the years before and immediately after the Civil War, you know, Kansas was a battleground. So many homes had been burned in the fighting that they'd find one of those homesites with the old chimney standing. And they'd camp there and build their fire under that chimney, cause it would . Q: Draw. A: ... would draw. And there's a teacher down in Tolono that called me, I got acquainted with in working on this. And she had a lot more stories about the trek to Kansas. His name was Enos and they called him Uncle En. And she said that when they went out Uncle En, my grandfather, had written on his covered wagon, Kansas or Bust. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 15 Q: Well. (laughs) A: Came back the next year and it says, Busted, by God! (laughter) Q: Did they stay out there very long? A: No, they just went one year and went right back, cause there was a good many summers along in Kansas I've heard the old soldiers sitting around talking about, that had gone out there, that they'd go to bed with a nice stand of corn, get up in the morning, a wind storm would come up, and sand storm, and it'd just cut it all to pieces. Q: Oh. Yes. A: My grandmother was a little woman and Grandpa was about six-two. One of these high-shouldered old hill people. You know them, their shoulders were up. Q: Yes. A: And when he'd get ready to milk, Grandpa would go out and get his cow, bring it up and - in the summer - and he'd cut a peach sprout to keep the flies off of her. And he'd hold the rope and shoo the flies off of it while Grandmother, poor old soul, would milk. She'd stand up and stoop over, she was so short. And one day Dad said to him, "Well, Grandpa, you're a big strong man. Why don't you milk and let Grandma hold the cow?" He said, "Nels, you know, it's always been this way with me. When I bent my back, I lost the grip in my hands." Q: Oh? Well. (laughter) A: I remember him telling Dad that so plainly. (pause) And he hadn't had children around the house for so long, and one of us kids would start to walk over to look out the window, "Huh-uh, don't, don't, don't fall through that window!" Q: Oh. Well. I see. (laughs) Did you ever go to church with him? A: No, I don't think so. (pause) Q: Did your folks go to church, your dad? A: Oh, yes. We were Methodists. Q: Was the church near where you were living there? A: Well in the ... in Lerna we went to the Methodist church there, just a mile. But the first church I ever went to was the Presbyterian church. Cumberland Presbyterian, as they used to call it, after the two churches went together, you know. It was the oldest church in Coles County. And my grandmother, and grandfather, whom I never knew, were both buried there. And we'd go down - and this is one of those old churches that had two doors. And there was a center partition right down the middle of the church. The men took one side and the women took the other. Q: And they were still doing that? A: Yes. But that church, a bunch of young hoodlums from Charleston, during the 1960's, got to going down there, or early 1970's, and having their pot parties in that old church, and burned it. When I drove up there that day to visit the graves and saw that church was gone, I just felt like something was gone out of me. Our kids had always gone with us when we'd go down on Memorial Day. And there was an old organ in there that hadn't Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 16 been - the church hadn't been used for years, except some families would go there and use the grounds and the church building for family reunions. And it was just a landmark there. But it's gone. Q: Burned down. Hm. (pause) Let's see, when did you start to school, then? Just after you had moved to this second farm, I guess. A: Yes. I went to country school 2 years and half of a third year. When we went to Lerna, when it was a graded school, a four-room building, then I was in the third grade. But we walked 2% miles to school in the country. Q: Do you remember your first teacher? A: Oh, yes. Yes. Q: Do you remember her name? A: Susie Faris. (pause) Large tall lady, raised just a quarter of a mile from the schoolhouse. And she went east, she went through teachers' college at Charleston and somewhere for a degree and went east and had a responsible position, like a state superintendent of schools or something like that. Q: Oh. So she must have been a pretty good teacher, then. A: Yes. You see, in those days, they'd have a 6-months' winter term and a 6-weeks' spring term. And we didn't always get the same teacher for both terms in the same year. I think that Susie Faris was our 6-weeks' teacher and a Mr. Bainbridge was our winter term teacher. Q: Oh? A: Because, even when I taught two and a half, three years, they were still issuing a third-grade certificate. A third-grade certificate permitted one to teach in a rural school providing you went in to a summer school and got a certain amount of credit hours. Q: Oh, I see. A: When I was a college senior in the spring of 1923, President Lord asked me to teach one course of civics, for 6 weeks, in what we called the mid-spring term. I accepted. The class was made up of these third grade certificate holders who had to attend and pass this course, which met twice a day during the term. Some were 50 years old or older, and some were very young, but generally they were pretty dull, and teaching them was close to "loves labor lost." My heart went out to the elementary kids that most of them would be "teaching" next year. Q: I see. (laughs) A: And ... they would just enroll for that 6-week period, some of them. And some of them would go along . . . for the rest of the summer school. Summer school was always the big school. Q: Oh, in the summer. A: Yes. Because of these teachers that would come in. And I think I got a hundred dollars or two hundred dollars for 6 weeks, teaching one class a day - two times a day. Classes met twice a day. So they got a 3-months' exposure in 6 weeks, you see. Q: Well. (laughs) Well, let's see now, the Lerna school - you say you started not m Lerna ... Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 17 A: Indian. Q: Indian? A: Indian school. Q: Oh, I see. A one-room schoolhouse, I guess. A: Yes, sir. Q: And that was where this Susie Faris was teaching? A: Yes, and Mr. Bainbridge. Q: That was the first year. You went there 2 years, did you? A: Well, I went 2 and half of another. Q: And then you moved into Lerna school. A: Yes. Q: And you say it was a four-room school? A: Yes. Q: Did it have high school in it also? A: Not when I first went there, but we finally got - when I was in the sixth or seventh grade, anybody that wanted some high school credits, why, the upper-grade teacher would just teach them, too. And in fact, I went through the 3-year high school. And then I graduated from there, then I came up to Urbana and took my last year here. Q: Here in Urbana. A: Yes. Q: Did you board here for that year? A: Oh, yes. I lived on campus and worked in a restaurant on campus, just the same as a college student. Q: Oh, I see. Was the high school there connected with the university? A: No. No, it was Urbana's public high school. Q: I see. Yes. How did you happen to come up here rather than go to Mattoon? A: Well, because the university was here and I was determined to go to the university. And at that time, we had what we called "non-high school'' down - "non-high districts." And a kid from a non-high district could go, with the county superintendent's permission, to any high school in the state that he wanted. And the non-high district paid his tuition. Each county in Illinois had a non-high district made up of all territory in the county not in a 4-year high school district. In fact, when I got on the school problems commission, we finally got rid of the last "non-high school" territory there was in the state. It had outlived its usefulness. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 18 Q: I'll be darned. A: Yes. We had 1,600 - 1,607 or 1,609 - non-high school - no, no, that wasn't non-high school, that was school districts that didn't operate a school. Q: Oh, that didn't operate a school. A: No. Q: I'll be doggoned. (laughs) A: At that time, you couldn't get state aid unless you had 15 pupils enrolled. All right, you live in a district over here and you only have 10. Well, you'd come over to the directors in our school district and say, "Why don't you have your kids come over to ours and we'll take them for 5 dollars a year," or 10 dollars a year or something like that. Because, if they got their 15, they got 1,048 dollars from the state. Q: Oh, I see. (laughter) Well. A: There was 1,600 and some of those school districts in the state and we had just as big of a job abolishing them. Q: Well. My goodness. Because people wanted to hang onto what they had. A: Sure, it was a good thing. My gosh, they'd just - they'd levy one mil every three or four years. Q: And pay the rest off with state aid. A: Yes. Q: Yes, sir. What did you think of your grade school education? A: Oh ... I think that it was good, naturally I would. (pause) Some of the best teachers, I think, that I had in high school, was - but in all my public school - I had in Lerna. Q: Oh, is that right? A: In the little high school. Q: Do you remember any others beside Miss Faris? A: Well, of course, she was down in the elementary because we only went to eighth grade - yes, Marion Girhart, from Newton, was my teacher for I don't know how many years. And he stumbled through Latin but, brother, he was a math teacher. Q: Oh, is that right? A: Yes. Q: Did you pick up a considerable amount of mathematics, then? A: Yes. (pause) Yep, I took trigonometry at Urbana, when I got here. Mathematics were very simple to me. But when I come to the university, I picked out my courses that I wanted and went in to register and they says, "Oh, you can't have three reading courses, so we're going to give you college algebra." I said, "I don't want college algebra." "Well, your grade's l Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 19 good in algebra." "I don't want it." But I took it and I took it at four o'clock in the afternoon and I made a miserable flop out of it, but I passed it. Q: Why didn't you want to take it? A: I just didn't want any more algebra. There was so many other things that I wanted. Q: What were the courses you really wanted? A: History. Q: American history or . A: Yes, history and government. American history, I had a splendid high school teacher, an English history teacher in Urbana High School. Excellent. (pause) Q: Who was that? Do you remember the name? A: (pause) Miss Hoskins was her name. She told us, when we started in that course, she said, "Now, the first question on every examination that you'll have is to start with William the Conquerer and give the names of the monarchs and the dates of their reign." Q: Oh? Well. (chuckles) A: Just, "That's question number one, so you can just be prepared for it." And I don't think I could give them now, but I could have 10 years ago. Q: You could click them off, huh? A: Yes. Q: What made her such a good teacher? A: Well in the first place she expected something of you and she made you want to do it. She made you want to do it. And there were several real bright kids in the class and I didn't want ~ coming in from a small school, I didn't want to get too far back. Q: Yes. A: But now I do more reading in English history than all other reading put together. Q: Oh, is that right? A: Yes. Q: Still kind of from that generation of interest back then. A: Yes. And then I came ~ as a freshman, I had Dr. Laurence Larson as the English history teacher in the university, and he was the world authority on the Danish era of English history. And he was a comedian. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughs) A: He was an old-like man, a Norwegian, with a mustache, handlebar mustache. And to go to his class was like going to a show. And he was a good teacher. Q: Really made it interesting, then. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 20 A: Interesting. Lectures were interesting . . . Q: What types of things did he do to make it amusing? A: Well he'd tell a lot of the personal things about the rulers and the characters that we studied about that the textbook just couldn't tell. We had a big athletic fellow by the name of McCann, a big redheaded Irishman from Chicago. And we were studying in one of the Irish wars and we had him for a lecture. And also for quiz sections. And he asked Dr. Larson some question like an Irishman would ask. And he was a baseball player, we played together out there. But he asked that question and Dr. Larson quick as a flash said, "Now, Mr. McCann, you're not gonna get me into that." Q: Well. (laughter) So he wouldn't accept a leading question, then? A: No, not that, it was just, "Which do you think was right and which wrong?" Something like that, that kind of a leading question. He lectured the first half of the first semester, and then Dr. Pease, who followed him as head of the department, P·E·A·S-E : Q: Is that Theodore Pease? A: Yes. Big bulbous fellow. Larson never used a note in his lectures and Pease read all of his. Stand right up and half the students would go to sleep. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughs) A: And when Larson came back to lecture the last half of the second semester, he walked into the room - and Pease was standing there - and three hundred students in that chemistry building auditorium just cheered and stomped their foot, you know. I felt so sorry for Pease. He was quite a scholar. In fact, in the centennial year of 1918, he wrote or edited a series of books on Illinois history. You're probably acquainted with them. Q: Yes, the centennial history of Illinois. A: Yes. Q: He also has a popular history of Illinois. A: Yes. Q: So he lectured you in A: English history. Q: English history. A: Yes. It was two semesters, 9 months. And Larson lectured us one half of the first one and then Pease the last half of the first one and the first half of the second, and then Larson back for the second. And that was the time when the crowd gave Dr. Larson such a welcome it was a slap in the face to Pease, and they didn't mean it that way. Q: Yes. A: But that was just their reaction. Q: Way of showing - yes. Up until the time you went to the University of Illinois, what had been your experience with politics? Were you in any way aware of politics? Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 21 A: Oh, my dad lived and died at that. Politics and crops was about the only thing that was ever talked in our house. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughter) A: Just about. And Grandmother was a young woman in, I think my dad was a year old, during the Civil War, and she lived through those days, lost two brothers in the service and another one was there. Lost a half-brother in the service. My dad was just - well he was active, very active, on the township level, and was elected the township tax collector in 1908, I guess. Q: Hm. This was in Coles County? A: Yes. Pleasant Grove Township in Coles County. And they abolished the township tax collector in all downstate counties just a very short time after that. Four, five, six years after that. Oh, I skipped school every election day. Q: Oh, is that right? A: Yes. (laughter) Q: Was the township collector's job non-partisan? Or was it ... A: Oh, no, it was partisan. Republican. Q: And which party was he? A: Republican. Q: So the family has always been the Republican party. A: My grandmother, I think, made a Republican out of my Virginia-born grandfather. She told this incident - I don't know whether you want ~his sort of a thing or not. Q: Yes. The background, yes. A: Grandfather died as I say in 1873, and the longer the mate's gone the more angelic they become. Q: Oh. Yes. A: When I was a big chunk of a boy looking through some of these papers, I'd see where he'd made his mark, and I said, "Grandma, could Grandpa read and write?" "Why, of course he could!" That's all I got. Q: Well. (laughs) A: But during the war - Lincoln's second campaign, second election - he and she were stripping cane. Now they raised and made their own sugarcane sugar, and they'd take a little stick about like a broomstick, that long (indicates length), and after the leaves had quit growing, they would strip down on each side and knock those leaves off, so the - to ease the harvest and, I suppose, for some other reasons. And Grandpa went to vote. And she was such a Republican, such a Lincoln-worshiper, that she had no idea that he wouldn't vote for Lincoln. Came back and ... "So," she said, "I thought he looked a little sheepish when he came back and I said, 'Harrison, did you vote for Lincoln?' And he wouldn't tell me." And she said, "I threw my cane-stripping stick right down and said, 'If you don't promise me that you will never vote for anybody else but a Republican the rest of your life, Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 22 I'll never strip another strip of cane."' And when Grandma spoke like that, that's the way it was. (laughter) But when I found out then that his grandfather was a Virginian, why, then I - I'm quite sure. And I've run onto both political parties down east in the Clabaughs. They were supposed to have split over some political question, either Civil War or factionalism in the Revolutionary War. One of them left a "Y" in their name, or put a "Y" in the name, and some of them are spelled C-L-A-B-A-U-G-H and some's L-A-Y. And I can point out 25 different ways of spelling our name in that book. Q: Oh, is that right? Yes, sir. (laughs) Well. A: When I started to write it, I went on the assumption that if there's a "Y" in the name, it wasn't our family. And down at the archives at Springfield one day - you see, in 1855 and 1865 they had a state census between the decennial census. And my grandfather's name was spelled C-L-A-U-G-H-B-A-U-G-H. (laughter) So I said, "They all get in now. We cut nobody out." Q: Yes, sir. (laughter) SESSION 1, TAPE 2, SIDE 1 Q: So there are many spellings to your name. A: Yes, there sure are. Q: Now, your father was township collector. How did he go about getting that job? Did he actually . . . A: Oh, just go out ... in those days the primaries - they didn't have a primary in the townships, they just had a caucus. He was nominated and was elected. Q: So he actively went after it. Was he active in other party matters? A: Oh, yes, yes, yes. There were two of them, active Republicans, in our township. We were in the west side and the other in the east side. And they just worked at every election. I remember the election in 1916 when Hughes ran against Wilson. We all thought that Hughes would win and everybody else did. It was the next day before you found out that he did not. Q: Oh. A: California was the difference, you know. Hiram Johnson got mad because Hughes didn't stop to see him. He was a United States senator from there, and a somewhat rebellious Republican. Q: I see. (laughs) A: But anyhow, Dad said on Tuesday night that he had some misgivings. The way they'd get election returns then was to go down to the depot, railway station, and the telegraph would - the operator could take it off the wire. The Democrats were walking and the Republicans were standing still with their thumbs in their galluses. The next morning the Democrats were standing still and the Republicans were walking. Q: Well! (laughter) Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 23 A: California was the difference that year. Q: Yes. And did your father then talk much about party politics in the home? A: Oh, yes. Yes. I knew Bill McKinley and Grover Cleveland; I'd have known them if they'd have walked up. Their names and others were household words - like the names of neighbors. Q: Oh, is that right? A: Yes. James G. Blaine and ... protective tariff, free trade, the gold standard, and free silver. Q: So you were well indoctrinated at an early age into the party. A: Yes. Q: Did your father become active in the county itself? A: No. No, he didn't branch out that far. He was very active, he worked very hard for various candidates. But you were supposed to handle the township. He worked with the township committeeman, what we called precinct committeeman, but the precinct covered the whole township and they were supposed to handle the township. Q: Did you know any of the politicians at that time, any of the incumbents around? A: Oh, yes. Yes, we'd play baseball when - the season after the corn was layed by and the harvest was over, why, we'd be playing baseball down on the school ground. If a state senator - John Hamilton from Mattoon - or any one of the members of the House would come visiting into town, Dad would come down and get us kids and take us down to meet them. Q: Oh? So you got to know them. You knew who your politicians were, then, your represen ta ti ves. A: Yes. We had no great big interest in them, we were more interested in the ball game. Q: Yes. A: Yes, I remember John R. Hamilton. He was a coal dealer in Mattoon. He was several years the senator from Mattoon. Q: Then what did you feel when you came to Champaign to go to school, to Champaign-Urbana? A: Well ... Q: Did you get homesick? A: Oh, hell no. Q: Oh, you didn't? A: No! No, I'll tell you, a home isn't as much to you if there's no mother there. My father married - mother died in 1909 and he married a spinster lady in 1916. God never made a better creature than she was. But a boy 16 years old doesn't get any real affection for a woman 56. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 24 Q: Yes. And you left home, then, about two years after that, I guess. Or was it next year? A: Well when I came up to school - I was 18 years old when I came up here. Yes, that's right, 2 years. We called her Em and she was a real hardworking person. Come from a good family down south of Mattoon in the country. Her father had been an old Mississippi flatboat man. Q: Oh, is that right? A: Yes, he'd buy chickens, turkeys, ducks, and take them . Q: Put them on a flatboat and float them down? A: Yes, to New Orleans. Q: I'll be doggoned. Hm. Did you get to know him very well? A: Oh, I just barely remember him. He was a very old man. I suspect - she, Em, was 56 years old and I expect he was 80 then. And 65 was pretty old in those days. Q: Did you do much hunting at all? A: Oh, hunted - most of the money that I had to spend during high school, upper grades and in high school, I made hunting and trapping. Q: Oh. Where did you trap down home? A: Yes, at the barn. Skunks mostly. Once in a while a possum. Once in a while a coon. One mink. But skunks mostly. And during the World War I, we could get six dollars for a star skunk. Q: Oh, is that right? A: I kept several traps going. Our barn was sort of a meeting ground for skunks. And there was a fellow there in town would come out and get them, skin them. I didn't have to do that. I never skinned a skunk. On Saturdays I'd hunt rabbits. And during World War I again, I could buy rabbits from the other kids for a dime apiece and get a piece of baling wire and run through their hamstring and put, Hoyne Brothers, South Water Street, Chicago, on a shipping tag and put them on the 10:45 train that night, and I got my check back - and get 50 and 60 cents apiece for them - on Tuesday. Oh, I could rattle more silver coins in my pocket than any other kids could. Q: I'll be doggoned. (laughter) Did you clean those rabbits before you shipped them? A: No! There was- oh, we'd clean the ones we ate- no. No, we wouldn't ship those. Q: So it was pretty much - except for the shot that was involved, it was pretty much clear profit, then, huh? A: Yes. We paid 45 cents for 25 black powder shotgun shells. Go out and walk - I've shot a rabbit in about every 10-acre plot within 5-miles' circumference of that little village. (laughs) Q: Oh, is that right? Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS l 25 A: Yes. Q: Well. And there were a lot of rabbits I guess in that day. A: Yes. Q: Was there any other type animal, like fox or anything of that nature, around? A: No, I never saw a fox running wild until I was grown. And I never saw a pheasant. We had prairie chickens. But you didn't sell them. They were game. And when I first begin to hunt rabbits, there was no closed season on rabbits. But later on there was. Q: You couldn't very well ship them up in the summer though, could you? A: Oh, no, no, just in the winter. No, but by the 1st of March, every female was full of little ones. (laughs) Q: Yes. Well. Did you then go home each week from up here? A: Oh, no. Q: When did you run your trapping lines then? A: Oh, this was before I came up here. While I was still at home. Q: Oh, I see. A: This was when I was in - I would say the sixth, seventh, eighth grade and the first two years in high school. Q: Oh. A: Or three. Q: And you'd just take the rabbits down to the depot and tie the wire through their hamstrings and throw them aboard the train. A: Tag them. Put a piece of baling wire and run it through the hamstrings. Q: For heaven sakes. And you never lost any of those shipments? A: No. Q: I'll be doggoned. A: People very seldom stole anything in those days. We didn't have a key on our house on the farm until one time we went over to my grandmother, before she came to live with us, after my mother died - I had a sister younger than I am by 5 years. My grandmother lived over at Casey, Illinois, and we'd go over there about every other weekend and visit her. And one day we came back and there had been a big board torn off of the side of the barn. Well that was evidence that somebody had been horsing around, and Dad got a key for the house. We never had had a key for the house before. Q: Well. Hm. So other than that though, no one disturbed the place. A: No. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 26 Q: (pause) Did you have much occasion to hunt ducks or geese? A: No. No, we had no water around. I have killed a few geese, but that's when they would be going north or south and they'd stop on a farm pond. (pause) But I wouldn't - now I wouldn't carry a wild goose or duck home. Q: Oh, you wouldn't? A: No. Q: Why not? A: Well I don't like them as food. Q: Well. (laughs) A: I don't like them. Don't like pheasant either. Q: Oh, you don't! A: No. Lot of people do. I guess they could cook them differently than I ever had one cooked. (laughs) And I can't stand turkey. Q: Oh? A: That's about the only thing I don't like. Q: Well I'll be doggoned. Hm. That and milk, huh? A: Yes. I don't know whether I like milk or not, I never tried it. Q: Well. (laughter) A: But our kids now - one of our daughters is wife of the Methodist minister in Urbana - First Methodist Church over there - and they have us for Thanksgiving dinner and Christmas dinner. My wife was raised on turkey. Well we never had a turkey on the farm and we never had turkey. We raised chickens, and when you raise chickens, we'd have chicken for those meals. Well they have a turkey, but they fix chicken for me. Q: Well. (laughs) A: Of course, they don't limit it just to me, but there's always some other meat besides turkey. Q: Yes, sir. A: Oh, it's strong and I don't like to smell it cooking. But I suspect that most of the turkeys that I have eaten, back when I got a dislike for them, were not very well refrigerated. Q: Oh, I see. A: Now the evening after we have turkey, then I like sliced white meat with a lot of mayonnaise for a sandwich. I guess it's to kill the taste. Q: I see. (laughter) Yes, sir. What about sports when you were in high school? A: Baseball. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 27 Q: Baseball? A: Baseball was all we had. We didn't have a gymnasium. But I played baseball when -I played on the team at Charleston, on the varsity, in 1922 and 1923. Q: Oh, you did? A: Yes. Q: What position did you play in high school? A: Pitcher. Q: So you must have been pretty good at it, then, huh? A: Oh . . . middling, I guess. Q: (laughs) In high school, did you play other teams around? A: Yes. Yes. Q: What other teams were involved? A: Well they usually weren't high school teams because there was no other high school around close. But we'd play pickup teams. And when I went to school up here as a freshman, I went out for freshman varsity baseball. And was never cut off, but developed a corn on my left foot - still have it - and my ankle swelled up until - I was working in the library one night, I had to work with a house slipper on. So I had to give up baseball. I think I'd have gotten cut off. I don't think I was good enough to have made it. Q: That was here at the University of Illinois. A: Yes. But I played commercial-league baseball up until I was, I guess, about twenty-eight years old. Q: Oh, is that right? A: And there was a building right down here where we had our office. The janitor of that building had a son, a great big lazy guy that was so lazy he could hardly start an elevator. And I went down one Sunday to pitch a game and this fellow was there. He come up three times and hit a home run off of me every time, so I didn't play any more. Q: Well! (laughter) A: I thought my days were over. Q: And you were about twenty-eight at that time, huh? A: Yes. Q: I see. Yes, sir. Now, when you went to the University of Illinois, how many hours were you carrying? A: Eighteen. Q: Eighteen hours. And you say you were working at the library, also? Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 28 A: Well I worked some there in the evenings. And I worked for my meals in a restaurant. Q: Oh, I see. Right near the campus there? A: Yes. Q: Did you board at the same place for the University of Illinois that you did when you were going to high school? A: No. In the same block. Q: Oh? A: But it happened not to be in the same place. Q: Was this on the Urbana side? A: Yes. Q: (pause) Well let's see, you took English history and college algebra and what other courses that first year? A: Commercial geography and rhet. (pause) And then - that was 16 hours of courses - and then I had - you had 2 hours - of course, we had to take physical education and military. · But I took library science because they said it was a pipe course. Q: Oh? (laughs) Well. A: Never worked so damn hard on a 3Mhour course in my life ... Q: Oh, is that right? (laughter) A: ... a 4Mhour course, as I did on that. Q: Did you enjoy it though? A: Well yes and ... I got a lot of good out of it. I've held over and I use all three of the libraries here. The university library and Urbana and Champaign public, I have books from all three of them most of the time. Q: Yes, sir. (pause) During that first year - now let's see, how many years did you go to the University of Illinois then? A: I went to the university 1 year, run out of money, got a job teaching school, taught 2 years - down close to Charleston, 9 mile, over at Ashmore - and took Saturday classes and took some reading courses, and then went back to the university down there in Charleston, 1 year, and graduated with my class. Q: Oh. Now, these Saturday courses were down at Charleston, were they? A: Yes. Q: And so then you graduated the same year you would have graduated if you'd have been up here. A: Yes. -·~ Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 29 Q: That was with what, a bachelor in education? A: Yes. Q: And what do you remember about Charleston in those days, the campus down there? A: Oh, of course the campus ~ that normal school at Charleston, the teachers' college, was one man, L. C. Lord, the president. And a chapel ~ he had us at chapel every day. And he'd ~ it was thirty or forty minutes to read a chapter of the Bible and sing a song or two. And then he'd do the announcements and then he'd talk. And those talks, those lectures that he would give ~ although he wouldn't have dignified them by calling them lectures - were worth more than any college course I ever took. And I think that anybody would say that was true. At times Mr. Lord read to us, often from Kipling, or Dickens; at times from William James. He had before him people from kindergarten to college seniors, and he held the interest of all. Q: And this was done at chapel each day. A: Yes. Q: What was the tenor, a morality sort of thing? A: Oh, teachers. He'd talk about what made a good teacher and how to do it. And then he was a scholar in literature and in the arts. A good singer. Sometimes the music department would put on programs. But usually the program was just L. C. Lord. (laughs) Q: I see. I'll be doggoned. A: Yes. My wife swears that she can get in a crowd and talk 10 minutes to everyone there and she could tell every one of them that had gone to school at Charleston when Dr. Lord was the president. Q: Oh, is that right? (laughter) A: Yes. Q: What particular characteristics does she look for? A: Oh, just his philosophy. Q: I see. A: And ... he hated shotgun answers. He'd ask a question and you'd start to rambling around and he'd say, "I ask you for a can of corn and you gave me a can of kraut." Q: Oh. Well. (laughter) A: Well now you might forget what the question was that he asked but you wouldn't forget that statement. Q: I see. (laughs) Yes, sir. A: And he was a scholar of the old school. And I was told by a fellow who finally came to Charleston to teach, that he went in - he was a Yale man - and he went in to ... a faculty adviser, I guess. And he was a history major. And he said he'd like to go west, get out west somewhere. The adviser said, "Then go to Charleston, Illinois. Go to Lord's school." Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 30 So he came. Mr. Widger was his name. He became an outstanding English teacher. But after Dr. Lord had interviewed him, asked him some questions, and - oh, Mr. Widger says, "Well, Dr. Lord" - and he didn't want that "Doctor" business. He said the most complimentary thing you could say about anybody is "Mister." And he said that, "I'm a history teacher." Dr. Lord named his adviser and, "He said you were a teacher. I want a grammar teacher. You don't go into class for another month, I'll teach you all the grammar you need." Q: Well. (laughs) A: And he stayed in grammar and come up here [University of Illinois] and got a doctor's degree later. Q: Well, for goodness sakes. Hm. Then at this Ashmore school, what did you teach? A: Oh, God, whatever the other two teachers couldn't teach. There were only three of us. I taught algebra, geometry, American history, and Latin. I signed my contract with the clerk of the board, he was a blacksmith, and I was going to go right out and on back to Charleston and he said, "Say, I better tell you what you're supposed to teach." And he said, "We'd like to have Latin taught here and neither one of the other teachers can teach Latin." He says, "Can you?" I said, "Yes." I'd had 2 years. And, brother, I spent - it was a month before school started, and I spent my month on that old Latin book, I tell you! (laughs) Two years of Latin. Latin and Julius Caesar. But they didn't learn any Latin, probably; but I know one thing, I learned more grammar than I had in all grammar and English courses I had ever taken. Q: Oh? (laughter) I see. Yes, sir. Well. Let's see, you were there for what, 2 years, you say? A: Yes, sir. Q: How large a school was Ashmore school? A: Oh, I would say ... fifty, maybe, tops. Q: And this was a high school? A: Yes. Q: Where did you live while you went to school there? Right near the school? Or was it close enough to home? A: No, I lived in Charleston. Q: Ashmore High School is in Charleston. A: No, no. No, no. I didn't - you said, "Where did you live when you went to school?" Now did you mean when I taught? Q: When you taught. A: Well I lived at Ashmore. Q: At Ashmore. A: A little town, yes. It was a town of about seven, eight hundred. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir, vol. 1 - Archives/Special Collections - Norris L Brookens Library - University of Illinois at Springfield - UIS 31 Q: How far was it from Charleston? A: Nine miles. Q: I see. So it was no problem getting there for Saturday courses and that sort of thing. A: No. No, I'd go in on - there was a train that left Ashmore about seven o'clock in the evening. Q: Then when you went to the final year at Charleston, you moved then into Charleston itself. A: Oh, yes. I went to school, summer schools, for two summer schools too. Q: Oh. Yes. And then graduated with your BE. In what year would that have been? A: In 1923. SESSION 2, TAPE 3, SIDE 1 Q: Sir, I failed to record your parents' names yesterday. Your father's name was what? A: Thomas Nelson Clabaugh. Q: And your mother's name. A: Patsy Richardson. Q: Patsy Richardson Clabaugh. Okay. Now you had one brother and one sister, is that correct? A: Yes, and one younger brother who died in infancy. Brother was older and the other two were younger than I. Q: I see. What do you remember about your older brother? A: Oh, I remember about everything about him because in 1925 he begin to work for me as a mechanic and worked for me installing metal weather strips - that was my contracting business - and worked for me until he died in 1949. So we were constantly together during all of those years. Q: So you were very close from the beginning, then. A: And the amicable relationships that existed between my father and his brothers existed between my brother and me all the time. Q: What was his education? Did he go on to the University of Illinois? A: No, he didn't go through high school. He went through 2 years of high school. Q: I see. Yes. Then was he doing farm work? A: Yes. Q: Until he went to work with you, then. Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir Vol. 1... Charles W. Clabaugh Interview... - Charles W. Clabaugh Memoir Vol. 1 - Part 1 - Charles W. Clabaugh Interview Tape 1 of 23 - Charles W. Clabaugh Interview Tape 10 of 23

For a long time, I rejected my culture and everything that connected me to it. This might have been my way of repressing painful memories of what it was like to grow up in a hurting country or just what society had taught me, that assimilation and survival of the fittest are analogous. Now, a "hurting country" can mean many things. The Honduran people impeached our president when I was very young. That's when I learned the word provision could be used to mean 'all the food on the shelves that was jam-packed with preservatives, because "you never know when the grocery stores will be back in use again"'. Corruption made Honduras a hurting country. The idea that fair Latinos were worthy of promotion and hire, while "coloured" Latinos were not, also made Honduras a hurting country. So, I chose to pride myself in the fact that because of my mother's Colombian nationality, I wasn't fully Honduran. I wasn't property of the hurting. I had a way out. Now when I look down at my hands, I see the seasons that have weathered my identity. I see a girl who is afraid her crush will not like her because of her skin colour or because her eyes are not the colour Nicholas Sparks says they should be. I see a girl who worries if the person she's talking to only hears the word she mispronounced. I am taken back to every moment I've felt alone. I am thirteen years old, new to a middle school I never wanted to attend. I realize people romanticize the idea of mixed-race families, "halfies." So, I quickly learn that my mixed citizenship is an asset, even if the airport control officials may not agree. When people ask me, 'what I am,' I answer with only part of the truth: "Half Colombian." They quickly assume I am half white. To them, being "half" means your other half is white by default, and my family photos do not necessarily disagree. This gives me a free pass at being part of this secret club of people who get to bask in the privileges of Arian descent. I'm not lying, I am mixed; I'm just not white. I am fourteen years old, I show my aunt a picture of the boy I like. "Chele, tan lindo! Pá mejorar la raza," she says excitedly. "Fair-skinned, so cute! To better the race." That's the first time I hear that: "Pá mejorar la raza." Only then do I find out that was exactly what my aunt told my mother when she married my "white" dad. I am seventeen years old, my social studies desk-mate turns to me after I say something funny enough to make him giggle. He looks at me as he says, "You know what, Sofia? I'd date you if you were white." I guess that was meant to be a compliment. Little does he know I wouldn't date him regardless of the colour of his skin. I choose to stop speaking Spanish to my siblings. It is in part for comfort and mental ease but also because I don't want people thinking of us as "those immigrants." I add Nutella to my arepas and prefer cheesecake to my grandma's torrejas. I tell people my favourite dessert is pumpkin pie, not trés leches. They wouldn't understand, anyway. I am eighteen years old, watching the movie "Coco" at home with my sister. We're both crying. We've never seen a children's movie that portrays us as more than maids or cleaning ladies. We see culture – our culture – and appropriate representation. We hear Spanish, not the broken English my friends make fun of at school. I am frustrated with my college friends' political views. They don't understand those they support are hurting people like me. They don't get that their ignorance and words hurt me and make me feel embarrassed of who I am. Their thoughts on "my kind" make one thing clear: to them, we aren't people. A friend makes fun of me for talking too much. Little does he know, it's my way of "helping" people so they don't have to waste their time wondering whether I speak English or not. I speak it. Fluently. I am now nineteen years old, working for a human rights organization, crying over a children's game called "In the Shoes of an Immigrant." A game I wish had been around when I was young so I could have learned that immigration is not a sin, that not knowing the language does not make me dumb, and that my classmate covering her hair is not a sign of oppression but of pride and culture. I am nearly twenty years old, racing against time to recuperate all the folklore and culture I have dismissed and repressed for so long. I am reading books that have been sitting on the shelf, learning back the grammar that my desire for ignorance made me forget. I am dancing again and singing Gloria Estefan at the top of my lungs. I go out in the sun freely, not scared of becoming darker. I have understood that people are people, that another woman's beauty does not mean the absence of my own. I have unlearned hate. I understand and forgive ignorance, but I will not stand for it; instead, I advocate for education. Proper education. I advocate for equal rights across the board. I now hold onto the fact that I deserve a life of dignity just as much as any and everybody else. Sofia Palma is a student in the Rural Pre-Medicine Program at Selkirk College. Raised in Vancouver, BC, Sofia has lived in the West Kootenays for the past two years. Although born in Central America, she honestly believes she was always meant to be a Vancouverite. She likes her milk cold and her socks warm. Sofia is an advocate for kindness and human rights education and is a true believer in the first article of the UN Declaration of Human Rights. She's currently pursuing a career in medicine and hopes to one day either conquer the world or make it a little better. Laurie Carr completed her scientific training in the fields of forestry and ecology in Ontario and her artistic training in Ceramics at the Ontario College of Art. She lives in Nelson with her family and continues to work in the field of conservation biology while pursuing painting and digital art as a creative outlet.

Work at the EO Photos, Videos & Podcasts Submit News & Photo Your EO News In Uniform Out of the Vault Public Safety Logs EO Parent Pendleton, OR (97801) Plenty of sunshine. High near 85F. Winds WNW at 10 to 15 mph.. A few passing clouds, otherwise generally clear. Low 59F. Winds SW at 10 to 15 mph. Tyson McClure, of Pasco, installs cabinets in the main lab area while working on the construction of the Oregon State Police crime lab Wednesday in Pendleton. Staff photo by E.J. Harris Construction of the Oregon State Police crime lab is on schedule to be completed May 1. Armondo Rodriguez, of Pasco, takes a measurement while working in the fingerprint processing room at the Oregon State Police crime lab on Wednesday in Pendleton. New Pendleton crime lab to open this summer By Phil Wright East Oregonian Phil Wright Construction of Oregon's newest crime lab in Pendleton is six weeks away from completion. The facility exceeds 9,500 square feet at the bottom of Airport Hill in what is effectively the county's law enforcement center, with the entrance to the Pendleton Police Department and the Oregon State Police Pendleton Area Command just up Airport Road, and the sheriff's office, jail and parole and probation department within a moment's drive the other way. The state police Forensic Services Division operates labs in Bend, Central Point, Pendleton, Portland and Springfield. For years the agency and Oregon Legislature debated about closing the Pendleton lab in the office building at the corner of Southeast Eighth Street and Emigrant Avenue. The analysts there work in tight spaces, contend with shrinking storage and even a gnat infestation. Calvin Davis, the forensic scientist in charge of the Pendleton lab, said a central issue is the building was not designed for the work. That soon will no longer matter. Davis during a tour of the site Wednesday said, "It will be a substantial upgrade for us for sure." Portland-based Fortis Construction Inc. is building the $4.5 million lab and broke ground in August. Project superintendent Tim Miner said about 30 people a day are working at the site. Contractors measured, drilled and hammered around the place, working on everything from cabinets to door frames to lighting. "It's a busy place," Miner said. The building's west side houses the main entrance, the front lobby, a conference room, office spaces and a high-density file storage room. Project engineer Jacob Gerard explained the reception staff will control the secure entrance with a video system to see and talk to anyone wanting in and the front glass is bullet resistant. The east side of the building houses the labs and the new vehicle bay. The general lab area provides five work stations, there is a separate area for fingerprint collection, and another for chemical analysis for controlled substances. Davis also pointed out two side-by-side rooms for screening large items, such as bedding. He said that's a boon because staff can work on material from a suspect and a victim at the same time in separate spaces. Work is nearing completion on the vehicle bay, also on the east end. The bay has a hydraulic lift to allow work under vehicles. Davis said the bay is a significant addition and when not in use will double as storage for the crime scene van. The bay leads to the room for firing weapons into a ballistic water tank. Davis said that's a better place to shoot a gun than the general lab area. Staff have to pass through a "bio-vestibule" to get from one side of the building to the other. Gerard said that serves as a "clean room space" to protect the labs against contamination. A trailer-sized air exchange unit outside the building also helps keep the lab clean, and a natural gas generator provides backup power to the building. In the off chance electricity goes down and the gas does not flow, the generator works off two large exterior propane tanks. In essence, the backup has its own backup. "The goal is to never, ever lose power here," Gerard said. He also said the lab requires "a crazy amount of equipment" and ensuring the myriad connections were right the first time meant plenty of planning and coordination with state police prior to installing anything. Miner said that work is reaping rewards. Davis said the larger and better footprint allows for staff expansion, should that ever occur. But the new lab is not adding forensic disciplines, such as DNA analysis and comparison. The forensic division handles all DNA extraction and comparison at its lab in Clackamas. Likewise, toxicology work remains there and at the Springfield lab. Gerard said May 1 is the construction end date. Davis said he and the rest of the staff won't move in for a few weeks after, but they are thrilled about the new digs. On a practical note, he said, he had to take some measurements in the building to see if the furniture they will bring in the move is going to fit. Crime Lab Oregon State Police Fortis Construction Inc. Forensic Services Division Calvin Davis Jacob Gerard Follow Phil Wright eastoregonian.com 211 S. E. Byers Ave. Email: [email protected] © Copyright 2019 eastoregonian.com, 211 S. E. Byers Ave. Pendleton, OR | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy

Q: Implementation of Vicsek model in Python I'm trying to run an code for implementing Vicsek model in python, this code can be downloaded here: https://github.com/eddiejessup/vicsek But, When I execute this code in spider, it shows this message to me: from particle_numerics import vicsek_angular, vicsek_vectorial ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'particle_numerics' I know that is a file called particle_numerics.pyx in the folder, but I don't know what to do to make this code work... What could I do? The code is the Following: from __future__ import print_function, division import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from ciabatta import ejm_rcparams from model import vicsek_model_factory def plot_vicsek(model, n): fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.gca() q = ax.quiver(model.r, model.L * model.u) ax.set_xlim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_ylim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_aspect('equal') plt.ion() plt.show() for _ in range(n): model.iterate() q.set_offsets(model.r) q.set_UVC(*(model.L * model.u.T)) fig.canvas.draw() def make_illustration_snapshot(): fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.gca() model = vicsek_model_factory(model='angular', n=200, L=100.0, eta=0.2, v_0=0.5) for _ in range(100): model.iterate() ejm_rcparams.set_pretty_plots(use_latex=True, use_pgf=True) ejm_rcparams.prettify_axes(ax) ax.set_xlim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_ylim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_aspect('equal') i_source = np.argmin(np.sum(np.square(model.r), axis=1)) r_i = model.r[i_source] c = plt.Circle(r_i, radius=model.r_v, fill=False, edgecolor='red') ax.add_patch(c) colors = np.zeros([model.n]) colors[i_source] = 1.0 i_neighbs = model._neighbs(i_source) for i_neighb in i_neighbs: colors[i_neighb] = 0.5 s = 2.0 ax.quiver(model.r[:, 0], model.r[:, 1], s * model.L * model.u[:, 0], s * model.L * model.u[:, 1], colors, pivot='mid', edgecolor='none') ax.axis('off') plt.savefig('vicsek_snapshot_demo.pdf', bbox_inches='tight', transparent=True) def make_ordered_snapshot(): model = vicsek_model_factory(model='angular', n=100, L=100.0, eta=0.05, v_0=0.5) for _ in range(100): model.iterate() fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.gca() ejm_rcparams.set_pretty_plots(use_latex=True, use_pgf=True) ejm_rcparams.prettify_axes(ax) ax.set_xlim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_ylim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_aspect('equal') s = 2.0 ax.quiver(model.r[:, 0], model.r[:, 1], s * model.L * model.u[:, 0], s * model.L * model.u[:, 1], pivot='mid', edgecolor='none') ax.axis('off') plt.savefig('vicsek_snapshot_ordered.pdf', bbox_inches='tight', transparent=True) def make_disordered_snapshot(): model = vicsek_model_factory(model='angular', n=100, L=100.0, eta=0.8, v_0=0.5) for _ in range(100): model.iterate() fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.gca() ejm_rcparams.set_pretty_plots(use_latex=True, use_pgf=True) ejm_rcparams.prettify_axes(ax) ax.set_xlim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_ylim(-model.L_half, model.L_half) ax.set_aspect('equal') s = 2.0 ax.quiver(model.r[:, 0], model.r[:, 1], s * model.L * model.u[:, 0], s * model.L * model.u[:, 1], pivot='mid', edgecolor='none') ax.axis('off') plt.savefig('vicsek_snapshot_disordered.pdf', bbox_inches='tight', transparent=True) def eta_scan(model, n, L, v_0, num_equil, num_measure, etas): for eta in etas: m = vicsek_model_factory(model=model, n=n, L=L, eta=eta, v_0=v_0) # Equilibrate for _ in range(num_equil): m.iterate() # Take measurements mags = [] for _ in range(num_measure): m.iterate() mags.append(m.macro_u_mag) yield eta, np.mean(mags), np.std(mags), len(mags) def make_vicsek_stats(): n = 2048 L = 32.0 v_0 = 0.5 num_equil = 100 num_measure = 500 for model in ('angular', 'vectorial'): if model == 'angular': etas = np.linspace(0.6, 0.8, 20) else: etas = np.linspace(0.55, 0.65, 20) stats = eta_scan(model, n, L, v_0, num_equil, num_measure, etas) np.savetxt('{}_stats.txt'.format(model), list(stats)) if __name__ == '__main__': plot_vicsek(vicsek_model_factory(model='angular', n=200, L=50.0, eta=0.05, v_0=0.5), 100)

Cherry GmbH (vroeger Cherry Corporation) (geschreven als CHERRY) is een Duits-Amerikaanse fabrikant van randapparatuur. Het bedrijf vervaardigde een groot scala aan producten waaronder sensoren, invoerapparaten en auto-onderdelen tot 2008, toen Cherry werd gekocht door ZF Friedrichshafen. Geschiedenis Cherry werd in 1953 opgericht door Walter Cherry in de kelder van een restaurant in Highland Park. Na het overlijden van de oprichter nam zijn zoon Peter het bedrijf over. Het hoofdkantoor van het bedrijf werd verplaatst naar Auerbach in der Oberpfalz, Duitsland in 1979. Cherry werd in 2008 gekocht door het bedrijf ZF Friedrichshafen en opgenomen als ZF Electronics GmbH. De merknaam Cherry wordt daarentegen nog steeds gebruikt. Een van Cherry's populairste producten zijn haar MX en ML toetsen. Deze toetsen werden ontwikkeld en gepatenteerd door Cherry begin 1980. Prijzen In 2005 ontving Cherry de Industrial Excellence Award. Aan het einde van 2006 kreeg Cherry de Automotive Lean Production Award van het Duitse tijdschrift Automobil-Produktion. In 2008 won een fabriek van Cherry in Bayreuth de Bayerischer Qualitätspreis 2008. Externe links Officiële website Duits bedrijf Amerikaans bedrijf

i discovered that a specific combination of items for the necron lord, makes him immortal in last stand ! the bug is repetable, so please fix it ! a link to a video , explanations of how repeat the bug are in comments. We've got this already, but thanks for reporting it!

Jackson is a classic style gents full rim metal frame with rectangular shaped lenses with 38mm lens depth and 18mm nose bridge. The nose bridge has a full bridge silican nose pad for extra comfort for those wearing glasses all the time. Also benefits from sprung hinge temples and a robust construction. Try it on for size using our virtual mirror.

Cheltenham News Gloucestershire Police Update on teenage girl who went missing after last being seen near Waitrose store in Gloucestershire Jessie Hollis, 17, had been missing for more than a week Phil NorrisBreaking News Editor (Image: Rob Jenkins) A teenage girl who had been missing for more than a week has been found safe and well, police have said. Jessie Hollis, 17, had been last seen at St James Walk, Honeybourne Way, near Waitrose, in Cheltenham, on Thursday, January 3. In a police appeal released last Friday lunchtime, officers said Jessie had links to both Gloucester and Cheltenham, police said. Because of her age, police were concerned that she has not been seen in more than a week and urged anyone who has been in contact with her to let them know. Today, they issued the following statement: "Jessie Hollis who was reported missing was located safe and well over the weekend. "We would like to thank the public and media for sharing our appeal." If you have any information on anyoe who is missing, you can contact the Missing People charity on 116 000. Or you can find out more information through the charity's website www.missingpeople.org.uk/police.

How old was Chris O'Dowd in the movie The Cloverfield Paradox? Chris O'Dowd was 37 in The Cloverfield Paradox when he played the character 'Mundy'. Today he is 42, and has starred in 35 movies in total, 2 since The Cloverfield Paradox was released. In The Cloverfield Paradox, I think Chris O'Dowd looks: The Cloverfield Paradox scores 5.7 out of 10 on The Movie Database. Chris O'Dowd's first acting role was as 'Sid's Customer' in Vera Drake, released in 2004 when he was 25. Leonardo DiCaprio in Django Unchained Elizabeth Banks in The Hunger Games Christian Bale in The Dark Knight Rises Tom Hanks in Forrest Gump Jessica Chastain in The Martian Emily Mortimer in Shutter Island Tom Hardy in The Revenant Michael Shannon in Man of Steel Amy Adams in Man of Steel Zoe Saldana in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 The cast of The Cloverfield Paradox How old was Daniel Brühl in The Cloverfield Paradox? How old was David Oyelowo in The Cloverfield Paradox? How old was John Ortiz in The Cloverfield Paradox? How old was Gugu Mbatha-Raw in The Cloverfield Paradox? Chris O'Dowd in other movies How old was Chris O'Dowd in St. Vincent? How old was Chris O'Dowd in Loving Vincent? How old was Chris O'Dowd in Calvary? How old was Chris O'Dowd in The Program? How old was Chris O'Dowd in Friends with Kids? How old was Chris O'Dowd in Vera Drake?

Cannot imort the CSV generated on Fedora 29 system. Attached are screenshots. Highlighted lines in CSV are causing the SQL error during import. If you don't want to publish these file please send these to our [email protected] e-mail address. I sent you back the updated version at 4th March, please check that. Sorry! My bad, I must have been low on coffee.

Get the help you need! If you are having an emergency, please dial 9-1-1 within the U.S. If you are struggling with mental health, suicidal thoughts, sexual assault, addiction, domestic abuse, or anything else that can be negatively affecting your over all mental health, do not hesitate to reach out for help! We understand that it can be overwhelming searching for the right resource for whatever issue you're dealing with, and some of these things may be difficult to talk to family or friends about. So, we have put together an organized list of resources to assist you in finding the help you need. Suicide Prevention Crisis Lines National Suicide Prevention Lifeline - The Lifeline provides 24/7, free and confidential support for people in distress, prevention and crisis resources for you or your loved ones, and best practices for professionals. If you're thinking about suicide, are worried about a friend or loved one, or would like emotional support you can call 988. Crisis Text Line - Text Line is free, 24/7 support for those in crisis. Text 741741 from anywhere in the U.S. to text with a trained Crisis Counselor. Crisis Text Line trains volunteers to support people in crisis. Veterans Crisis Line - The Veterans Crisis Line is a free, confidential resource that's available to veterans, even if you're not registered with VA or enrolled in VA health care. The caring, qualified responders at the Veterans Crisis Line are specially trained and experienced in helping veterans of all ages and circumstances; many of the responders are veterans themselves. If you're a veteran in crisis or concerned about one, there are caring, qualified VA responders standing by to help 24/7. Call 1-800-273-8255 and press 1 or text 838255. Trevor Lifeline - The Trevor Project is the leading national organization providing crisis intervention and suicide prevention services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people under 25. The TrevorLifeline is a crisis intervention and suicide prevention phone service available 24/7 at 1-866-488-7386. TrevorText is available by texting "START" to 678678. National Alliance on Mental Illness - Find support & education Psychology Today - Find a therapist in your area Government services - Mental health resources & education National Sexual Assault Hotline - RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) is the nation's largest anti-sexual violence organization. RAINN created and operates the National Sexual Assault Hotline 800-656-HOPE (4673) in partnership with more than 1,000 local sexual assault service providers across the country and operates the DoD Safe Helpline for the Department of Defense. RAINN also carries out programs to prevent sexual violence, help survivors, and ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice. National Sexual Violence Resource Center - The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC) is the leading nonprofit in providing information and tools to prevent and respond to sexual violence. NSVRC translates research and trends into best practices that help individuals, communities and service providers achieve real and lasting change. Victim Connect Resource Center - The VictimConnect Resource Center is a referral helpline where crime victims can learn about their rights and options confidentially and compassionately. Domestic Abuse Resources National Domestic Violence Hotline - 24/7 the National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) provides essential tools and support to help survivors of domestic violence so they can live their lives free of abuse. Contacts to The Hotline can expect highly-trained, expert advocates to offer free, confidential, and compassionate support, crisis intervention information, education, and referral services in over 200 languages. Love Is Respect - A project of the National Domestic Violence Hotline, love is respect offers 24/7 information, support, and advocacy to young people between the ages of 13 and 26 who have questions or concerns about their romantic relationships. We also provide support to concerned friends and family members, teachers, counselors, and other service providers through the same free and confidential services via phone, text, and live chat. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration - The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is the agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that leads public health efforts to advance the behavioral health of the nation. SAMHSA's mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America's communities. SAMHSA's national hotline: 1-800-662-HELP (4357) Partnership to End Addiction - Personalized support and resources for families impacted by addiction, while mobilizing policymakers, researchers and health care professionals to more effectively address addiction systemically on a national scale.

Bei einer habituellen Luxation handelt es sich um eine Luxation, die bei physiologischen Bewegungen ohne zusätzlichen Gewaltaufwand immer wieder auftritt. Zugrunde liegt eine Gelenkinstabilität, die entweder angeboren ist oder durch vorheriges Trauma meist mit normaler Luxation entstanden ist. Eine habituelle Luxation tritt meist an der Kniescheibe oder an der Schulter auf. Entweder ist die Kapselbandführung unzureichend und/oder die knöcherne Form des Gleitlagers am Knie bzw. der Gelenkfläche an der Schulter ungenügend, so dass bei manchen Belastungen die Kniescheibe dann zur Seite rutscht bzw. der Oberarmkopf aus der Pfanne springt und der Arm nicht mehr bewegt werden kann. Vorkommen Habituelle Luxationen können bei folgenden Erkrankungen vorkommen: Atelosteogenesis Ehlers-Danlos-Syndrom Ellis-van-Creveld-Syndrom an der Patella Homozystinurie Marfan-Syndrom Larsen-Syndrom Nagel-Patella-Syndrom an Patella und Ellbogen Rubinstein-Taybi-Syndrom Trisomie 21 an Patella und Hüftgelenk Behandlung Neben der Reposition, dem Einrenken des entsprechenden Gelenks ist eine Kräftigung der gelenkführenden Muskulatur u. a. mit Physiotherapie der erste Schritt einer Behandlung. Mitunter renken sich habituelle Luxationen fast genauso leicht wieder ein wie aus. Einzelheiten der Behandlung finden sich unter Patellaluxation und Schulterluxation. Literatur W. Pschyrembel: Klinisches Wörterbuch. 265. Auflage. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2014, ISBN 3-11-018534-2 Einzelnachweise Krankheitsbild in der Kinderheilkunde Krankheitsbild in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Minoxidil is available commercially in topical form (Rogaine) but finasteride is not. Finasteride is the first-line treatment for male hair loss but it is only available in oral tablets. This drug has been shown to be just as effective when applied topically in a hair loss foam or solution. When combined together, these two effective ingredients can help improve the growth of healthy, new hair for men. Orally administered finasteride can have unwanted side effects like decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. These side effects are usually rare and will go away after the body gets used to the medication. However some patients may continue to experience side effects. When finasteride is applied topically to the scalp instead of taken orally, it reduces the risk of developing systemic side effects. The main issue with taking finasteride in oral form is that when a patient stops treatment, the good results they achieved start to subside. This means that it needs to be taken indefinitely to maintain results. A topical solution is a more effective way to maintain results long-term while reducing side effects. Topically applied minoxidil is available commercially without finasteride and is a proven hair growth medication. The combination of both medications in one topical hair loss foam or solution is only available from a compounding pharmacy. This combination is made specifically for male hair loss. Other formulations are available that are better suited to treating hair loss in women. This entry was posted on March 18, 2019 by woodlandhills pharmacy.

Shinshu Mars Distillery produces one of our favorite Japanese single malts and whiskies, and we want to share this lesser known whisky producer with you! The Mars Komagatake is a popular brand under the Mars Whisky label, and this particular bottle holds whiskies that have aged for at least 25 years before bottling. Since this is a limited-edition bottle, this is a one-of-a-kind dram to try if you're looking for different Japanese whiskies to experience. Luxurious and full of flavor, this Mars Whisky won't disappoint! Shinshu Mars Distillery is owned by Hombo Shuzo Co. and is considered the highest whisky distillery in Japan. This distillery is officially the first open distillery from Hombo Shuzo Co. and produces well-known whiskies under the Mars Whisky name.

Tag: visual AI AI, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Science & Technology News AI used to "fill in the blanks" New AI sees like a human, filling in the blanks Computer scientists at The University of Texas at Austin have taught an artificial intelligence agent how to do something that usually only humans can do—take a few quick glimpses around and infer its whole environment, a skill necessary for the development of effective search-and-rescue robots that one day can improve the effectiveness of dangerous missions. The team, led by professor Kristen Grauman, Ph.D. candidate Santhosh Ramakrishnan and former Ph.D. candidate Dinesh Jayaraman (now at the University of California, Berkeley) published their results today in the journal Science Robotics. Most AI agents—computer systems that could endow robots or other machines with intelligence—are trained for very specific tasks—such as to recognize an object or estimate its volume—in an environment they have experienced before, like a factory. But the agent developed by Grauman and Ramakrishnan is general purpose, gathering visual information that can then be used for a wide range of tasks. "We want an agent that's generally equipped to enter environments and be ready for new perception tasks as they arise," Grauman said. "It behaves in a way that's versatile and able to succeed at different tasks because it has learned useful patterns about the visual world." Continue reading… "AI used to "fill in the blanks""

Modern slavery is a criminal offence and is a violation of human rights. The Act defines modern slavery to include slavery, servitude, forced or compulsory labour and human trafficking. Beacon Rail Leasing is committed to ensuring that there is no possibility of modern slavery occurring within our business or within our supply chain. We deliver that commitment by implementing our policies which cover modern slavery, as set out below. We take a zero tolerance approach to modern slavery. This statement sets out the means by which Beacon Rail Leasing implement and enforces this approach to minimise the risk of modern slavery taking place within our organisation or supply chain. Beacon Rail Leasing is a rolling stock leasing company primarily serving the Pan-European marketplace. The company's strategic goal is to create value for its customers, employees, and shareholders by being knowledgeable, flexible, well managed and efficiently operated. The Mission of Beacon Rail Leasing is to be the leading provider of high utility rolling stock to the Pan-European operator base. Management's goal is to provide the company's equity investors with superior returns by being the best managed and most efficiently operated rail operating lease company in the Pan-European Market. Beacon Rail Leasing has an industry leading management team with extensive rail asset management expertise and capital markets experience, enabling it to meet the equipment needs of its customer base, and employs over 40 professional, engineering and support staff in Luxembourg, Boston and London. The supply chain of Beacon Rail Leasing includes rolling stock manufacturers, asset maintenance providers and customers who take our rolling stock on lease. Beacon Rail Finance (Europe) Limited has turnover in excess of £ 36 million. In order to assess and address the risk of modern slavery and human trafficking, we take the following approach: We ensure that our suppliers are aware that we are unwilling to work with them unless they comply with the Act and have and adhere to policies which are sufficient to ensure that their supply chains are free from modern slavery. We carry out audits and inspections on various parties in our supply chain to ensure that the high standards we adhere to are reflected in the operations of our business partners. We deliver training to our board and employees to ensure that our people are aware of the health, safety, quality and environmental risks in our business, and how best to manage the risks associated with each of these areas. We tailor the nature and extent of the due diligence we carry out on the various parts of our business and supply chain depending on the geographical location of those operations, and how high the risk of modern slavery, human trafficking and other breaches of human rights are in those locations. It is the policy of Beacon Rail Leasing to remain fully compliant with all laws which apply to it, including the Act and all other laws, regulations and directives in relation to modern slavery and human trafficking. Beacon Rail Leasing has stringent policies in place to ensure the proper oversight of the construction, manufacturing and maintenance of our assets. Monitoring our performance The management of Beacon Rail Leasing carry out regular inspections, reviews and audits to ensure that these policies are complied with and are adequate to ensure that we are complying with the high standards which we set for ourselves, as well as those imposed by law. Beacon Rail Leasing will monitor the effectiveness of the measures identified above to identify any areas in which we need improvement, and to implement such improvements as soon as possible. This statement is made under section 54 of the modern Slavery Act 2015. Capitalised terms used in this statement have the following meanings: "Act" means the modern Slavery Act 2015. "Beacon Rail Leasing" means Beacon Rail Lux Holdings S.à r.l., a Luxembourg private limited liability company, and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Board Approval This statement was formally approved by the Board of Beacon Rail Finance (Europe) Limited on 21 June 2019. Keith Howard

I see patients from a wide area in North Staffordshire, South Cheshire and Shropshire. Please Note: I cannot answer questions about individual medical cases or make specific recommendations about treatment unless you are currently under my professional care. N.B. NO Unsolicited Marketing Please.

Scientists are teaching robots to share code and evolve just like animals By Matthew Griffin Robo Revolution 10th May 2019 We all too often think of machines, and robots, as static things, but new breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, manufacturing, and materials are giving them the power to evolve. Bacteria do it, viruses do it. Worms, mammals, even bees do it. So our parents tell us anyway… Every living thing on earth replicates, whether that's asexually, which is boring, or sexually, which is a lot more fun – for most animals anyway. And even Google's Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs are in on the act with a couple recently designing and producing their very own AI offspring. However, for all of their advanced skills and talents, from being able to do Parkour to running through rocky terrain, and picking apples, robots don't do it. Furthermore, and despite the development of the world's first self-evolving self-printing robot, and the first materials that will allow us to build the world's first Terminator like shape shifting robots, that I spoke about a while ago, the majority of these steely automatons don't even seem to be interested in reproduction at all – and that's just crazy! MIT and DeepMind's new AI can't be tricked with weird lighting But perhaps they can learn to love and embrace it – and each other. And this is where scientists in a fascinating field known as Evolutionary Robotics are trying to get machines to adapt to the world, and eventually to reproduce on their own – just like biological organisms. But instead of combining genetic material these future robots will combine code, and instead of evolving new body parts they'll manufacture them. In short, someday, if, or more likely when, all goes according to plan two robots that are particularly well adapted to a certain environment could combine their code to produce a 3D printed baby robot that combines the strengths of both its parents, in the same way Darwinian Evolution works with animals. If the approach works, it could lead to robots that design themselves, building beautifully adapted morphologies and behaviors that a human engineer could never dream up. While this might sound far-fetched and perhaps a bit alarming, evolutionary roboticists are already churning out these fantastical designs. For instance, researchers in Australia recently evolved robot leg shapes by first randomly generating 20 shapes. In a simulation, they tested how well each would walk on various surfaces – that is, testing for "fitness," in the survival-of-the-fittest sense. Stanford's humanoid robotic diver recovers treasures from King Louis XIV's flagship They then took the top performers and "mated" them to produce similar-looking legs, or children. The researchers did this over and over again, generation after generation, and wound up with legs that were marvellously adapted to walking on hard soil, on gravel, or in water. And unsurprisingly the designs are crazy – they look like tree-people doing Fortnite dances, which are great for hard soil, and misshapen elephant feet, which are great for water. Which is exactly the point. Traditionally, when engineers set out to design a robot, they tend to recycle ideas. Why do Mars rovers have six wheels? Because six-wheeled vehicles have worked well on Mars before. But perhaps designers are missing something. The beauty of evolution is that it stumbles upon bonkers ideas all the time. No one, for example, designed a fungus to invade ants' bodies and mind-control them around the rain forest – that unusual strategy emerged thanks to generation upon generation of random mutations and natural selection. Just as in nature, in the future it will be mutations that will drive the evolution of the "robot species." And the key is variation. When two organisms make a baby, their genes combine, but mutations also sneak in, which can lead to unique traits in the child, such as subtly different camouflage. That kind of mutation would thus make the offspring more or less adapted to a particular environment. If it's an unfavorable mutation, the animal doesn't reproduce as effectively, or at all, and those mutant genes don't make it to the next generation. Consider what computer scientist Gusz Eiben is doing at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He takes two relatively simple robots made up of connected modules and mates them by combining their "genomes," which carry information about, say, coloration. He also adds noise to this marriage of data, which mimics a biological mutation by subtly changing the offspring so it isn't just a pure blend of its parents. This new sewing robot will put 168 million children out of work "One parent is fully green, and the other parent is fully blue," Eiben says. "Then the child has some modules that are blue and some that are green, but the head is white. That's not what we put in – it's a mutation effect." And with this variation comes a new kind of creativity in robotic design. "It gives you a lot of diversity, and it gives you the power to explore areas of a design space that you wouldn't normally go into," says research scientist David Howard, who developed the evolving leg system and recently published a framework for evolutionary robotics in Nature Machine Intelligence. "One of the things that makes natural evolution powerful is the idea that it can really specialize a creature to an environment," he says. The idea is to get robots to adapt to niches in a particular environment in a similar way. So, say you want a robot that can explore the jungle on its own. That means it needs algorithms that govern how it moves through the vegetation, as well as a morphology that gets along with a dense forest, so, for example, that means no rotors. You would first simulate that environment for robots to navigate, choosing and breeding those that perform best, then design slightly varied physical machines based on that. "What we'd do is get lots of small robots that are quite simple and cheap to make," Howard says. "We'd send them out, and some of them would do better than others. If a robot doesn't make it back, it's not considered 'fit' – natural selection at work. Those that do make it get to sire the next generation, which a 3D printer would automatically spit out. Thus, the robotic species evolves." Disney just got closer to nailing life-like androids Howard reckons we could see this sort of system at work in about 20 years. Indeed, the materials these evolved robots will be made of though is a bit more of an issue, but there are an abundance of new options coming through including new smart materials that spread the robot's intelligence all over its body, like I discussed a while ago, rather than confining it all to a central "brain." "If 3D printing advances in speed, this kind of idea will become true, but today's printers are very slow," says Juan Cristobal Zagal, who studies evolutionary robotics at the University of Chile. Both the machines and printing materials are expensive too. But 3D printers can already print a range of materials, including metal, and they will only get faster and cheaper from here, all of which will help robots, like the one I mentioned at the beginning of the article, evolve physically faster – much much faster. Broadly, the range and scope of these robots will come down in large part to how these evolutionary systems get creative with materials. When they're making traditional robots, engineers know what materials to use where, from the metal of motors to the carbon fiber of limbs – or they think they know based on decades of research. But in addition to auditioning different robot morphologies and behaviors in simulation, engineers could add new materials to the mix. They'd first build a database describing the properties of each material, something that we're already doing to assist the design and evolution of Creative Machines, such as the one that recently designed Under Armour's newest sneakers, and NASA's latest planetary rover, then assign those materials to parts of the robot. So maybe a leg made of plastic works better when walking through a particular environment than carbon fiber. If the robot survives, that means there's something in the combination of components and materials that made it fit for the job or, in the evolutionary sense, its niche. Thermal imaging enabled drones help Chinese identify people with Covid-19 "Maybe if a new class of materials becomes available, we can just plug that in, and it will be able to select from that," says Howard. "It takes a lot of the onus away from the human designer." By this point you might be thinking, "Hey, what could possibly go wrong with letting robots procreate?" The answer, apparently, is you have nothing to worry about. Ha. Silly gullible human. On a serious note though we're told that the researchers are "rigorously designing these systems to follow certain rules," such as the principles of natural selection. Call me a cynic – everything gets weaponised at some point – hunter killer drones anyone? Just like we know why fish evolved legs to walk on land, we know why a lineage of robots might adapt morphologies and behaviors for specific environments. "The resulting designs may be surprising, but they won't be detrimental to our species," say the researchers, "unless a designer tells the robots to evolve to kick as much human ass as possible." Hmmm, let me think – that's unlikely right? Phew. Yes, giving robots the ability to evolve and breed is certainly a more complicated way to design machines compared with traditional techniques, but it will also unleash a new kind of awesome engineering creativity, and let's all hope that we can contain those downsides… For now though, in the short term, as they say, everything's cool maaaan. 3D PrintingArtificial IntelligenceChileEvolutionary RoboticsHollandMaterialsRobotsTechnology IndustryUniversity of ChileVrije Universiteit Amsterdam Google Stadia's AI lets game developers instantly change the style of their games WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Up until now if a games developer wanted to change the look and style of a game they'd have to… Toyota used AI to supercharge EV battery development and saved years of effort WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF AI can try millions of different chemical permutations a day, and dramatically accelerate product development. Interested in the Exponential… World's most dexterous robot now solves Rubiks' cubes one handed WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Training robots new tricks used to take a long long time, now we can cram hundreds of years of training… The robo-lawyer that overturned 160,000 parking tickets is helping refugees claim asylum WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Claiming asylum is difficult at the best of times, and that's if you're not in fear of your life and… Europe will debate robot rights, ethics and AI kill switches in February WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Machines are increasingly becoming autonomous and intelligent and it's one of the greatest dangers humanity has ever faced, later this… Humanoid ATLAS robot crams millions of years of evolution into two years WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Robotisists just crammed hundreds of millions of years of natural evolution into just two years. Boston Dynamics has unveiled a… DARPA pushes autonomous Mach 20 drone program underground The race for hypersonic speed has never been hotter In August 2011 a superfast unmanned military drone, the Falcon HTV-2 (Force Application and Launch from the Continental US… New material could generate an infinite amount of energy from the coldness of space WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Earth has an energy shortage, apparently, and now we have yet another way to produce infinite clean energy forever. … OpenAI debuts massive GPT-3 AI upgrade with over 175 billion parameters WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF The human brain has nearly 100 trillion synapses, OpenAI's newest AI has 175 billion "synapses" so there's a long way… Ground breaking Chinese quantum computer completes 2.5 billion year task in minutes WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Quantum computers operate in fundamentally new ways that mean they can perform calculations that would take classical computers billions of… AI has learnt how to predict your IQ from brain scans WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Being able to gauge a smart a person is just from a brain scan could provide scientists with new insights… Governments mull replacing citizens wages with an Universal Basic Income WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Today it's already a fact that more and more jobs are being automated by machines, faced with societal unrest and… A new smartphone based DNA test identifies and tracks disease in real time WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF Being able to identify pathogens and disease at the DNA level in real time has huge advantages – especially during… Futurist Virtual Keynote, UK: Full Speed Ahead, WIRED WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF The world was already changing rapidly before COVID-19, and post COVID the rate of change is set to accelerate. … Japanese company Spread set to open worlds first fully autonomous farm in 2017 WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF The only humans these Lettuces see will be the one who eats them. The Japanese lettuce production company Spread believes…

After my treatment, I started feeling extremely nautious. I wondered if it was morning sickness or was it an effect from the medicine. I continously vommited throughout the day and night. On top of everything, I had to take JP in and they put him on antiobiotics for an ear and throat infection. I seriously thought to myself, "Could things get any worse?". This morning, I was still sick and couldn't keep anything down. Now, I'm thinking it is a bug or something. Then, as I am trying to keep down my lunch I get a text message from my mom that my Grandma is out of surgery. The tumor grew and they have to postpone radiation and start chemotherapy right away to try to shrink the tumor. She also has an infection and the tumor is extremely close to her bladder. I called my mom to make sure she was o.k. When I got off the phone I sat back and thought to myself, "Kelli, things could be so worse than you vommiting and feeling sick". I decided right then and there that I need to stop complaining about the little things that are wrong with me and JP and look at the bigger things, like my Grandma. I truly believe this woman is a fighter and she makes me want to be a stronger person. So my new goal in life is not to complain about not feeling well. I am going to instead remind myself that there are people out there that have it much worse! Kelli, I sure hope things get better. I'm sorry to hear that Grandma isn't doing so well. I hope JP feels better soon. It is the worst when our babies are sick. Sounds like you have a lot going on right now. Take care of yourself and your baby boy. Aw. Man, I'm sorry to hear.. most especially about your Gram. You are right that we shouldn't sweat the small stuff, and there are always others that have it worse than ourselves, but that doesn't mean if you feel miserably sick you don't have the right to feel miserable. Take care of yourself. I hope you feel better soon.. and wishes of good health to all your fam. Kelli- you and your family are in my prayers.

How Muay Thai Helped Pongsiri Mitsatit Overcome His Bullies Pongsiri "The Smiling Assassin" Mitsatit has emerged as a top contender in ONE Championship's strawweight division. The 23-year-old has used his Muay Thai striking to great effect in his mixed martial arts career, and he could break into the World Title picture if he defeats Chinese powerhouse Miao Li Tao at ONE: DAWN OF HEROES in Manila, Philippines on Friday, 2 August. Long before he became a rising star in The Home Of Martial Arts, however, he was a target of childhood bullying. Pongsiri Mitsatit sends Bangkok into a frenzy with an ELECTRIFYING knockout at 3:05 of Round 1! ???????? "The Smiling Assassin" is BACK ????????Pongsiri Mitsatit sends Bangkok into a frenzy with an ELECTRIFYING knockout at 3:05 of Round 1!Watch the full event on the ONE Super App ???? http://bit.ly/ONESuperApp | TV: Check local listings for global broadcast Posted by ONE Championship on Friday, May 10, 2019 Growing up in the northern Thai province of Chiang Mai, Mitsatit's family had very little to their name. His father and mother were farmers, but they could barely make ends meet. To help out, the youngster lent a hand whenever he could. While work on the farm was hard, life at school was even more difficult. Just like the other kids in his village, he woke up early and made the trek to school every day. However, Mitsatit's time in the classroom was challenging, as some of his fellow students targeted him due to his tiny stature. "I was one of the smallest in my class. There were a lot of kids picking on me. They would always push me around, and sometimes even hit me. I would get really angry, but because I was so small, I could never fight back," he recalls. "When I was getting bullied, I wanted to learn self-defense and to feel strong. Muay Thai for me was a way to do both, and also make money for my family." CRUSHING knees from Muay Thai maestro Pongsiri Mitsatit, who faces Shaolin warrior Miao Li Tao on 2 August! CRUSHING knees from Muay Thai maestro Pongsiri Mitsatit, who faces Shaolin warrior Miao Li Tao on 2 August!????: Manila | 2 August | 5PM | ONE: DAWN OF HEROES????: Get your tickets at ???? http://bit.ly/oneheroes19????: Check local listings for global TV broadcast????: Watch on the ONE Super App ???? http://bit.ly/ONESuperApp ????‍????: Prelims LIVE on Facebook | Prelims + 2 Main-Card bouts LIVE on Twitter As fate would have it, Mitsatit was approached by a trainer from a local gym, who invited the then-teenager to stop by the facility and try out "the art of eight limbs." Once he arrived at the gym, a switch went off and something instantly changed in the youngster. He truly fell in love with the sport and was determined to learn everything he could. Now dedicating his free time to Muay Thai, "The Smiling Assassin" noticed all the positive benefits that started to happen. "When I started training, I felt stronger and more disciplined," he explains. "I was really small, weak, and skinny. I saw my body change, I got muscles, and felt healthier. It was a great feeling. I also started to see the older fighters become successful in their careers, and I wanted the same for me and my family." A post shared by Pongsiri Mitsatit (@piak_smilingassassin) on Jul 16, 2019 at 10:41pm PDT It didn't take long for his talent to flourish, and soon, the bullies stopped picking on him. Mitsatit later went on to become a Northern Muay Thai Champion of Thailand, and he has since amassed a 72-17 record in professional competition. Not only did he transform his own life through "the art of eight limbs," but he also helped alleviate his parents' financial burden and brought them out of extreme poverty. Because of all those benefits, "The Smiling Assassin" feels indebted to the sport. "Muay Thai has helped me a lot. I am not scared of other people, and I have a lot more confidence in myself," he says. "It also brought me to mixed martial arts." สนุกสนานหลังซ้อมมวยเสร็จ???????????? A post shared by Pongsiri Mitsatit (@piak_smilingassassin) on Jul 2, 2019 at 5:15am PDT Mitsatit is now using his platform to help motivate and encourage children to train, especially those who are being tormented by bullies. Having been in that position before, the Thai star has some valuable advice. "First, find a place to train and just start training. Martial arts can you help you in so many ways," he begins. "You'll feel better, and you can learn self-defense. It helps keep kids focused and away from drugs and alcohol. Also, being at a gym will teach you discipline, which is an important life skill." Most importantly, for those who may be feeling completely alone, aspiring practitioners can build camaraderie and form lifelong friendships with their fellow teammates at the gym. "The gym will become your family and your friends," he continues. "Traveling to fights in the back of pick-up trucks with my teammates on the way to shows was always so much fun. I have so many good memories from that time. Even when I would run, I always had my friends with me." This coming Friday, Mitsatit makes his highly anticipated return at ONE: DAWN OF HEROES where he will face Miao inside the Mall Of Asia Arena. For the former Nak Muay, this victory will be key in helping to bring him to the top of the strawweight division. Also, it is an opportunity to avenge a recent loss for his compatriot, Dejdamrong Sor Amnuaysirichoke. Now, less than a week away from event night, "The Smiling Assassin" reflects on his life and is surprised just how far Muay Thai has brought him. "Looking back on my childhood, I never thought I would get this far," he admits. "My goal now is to become a World Champion in ONE." Folayang Plans Striking Attack To Take Out Mujtaba "The Landslide" wants to do what he does best on 31 January and move closer to another World Title shot. Top 5 KOs From The Heroes Of ONE: FIRE & FURY The greatest hits from the star strikers set to compete in Manila on 31 January. Home » Features » How Muay Thai Helped Pongsiri Mitsatit Overcome His Bullies

Q: Access custom variable without using IPN Is it possible to get the value of the custom variable from without using IPN? I have a very simple project that doesn't need auto payment verification or anything like that, everything is done manually. I just need to like one input from the payment page along with that payment. So is it possible to get the info from the custom variable in the payment confirmation email from paypal or the paypal payment receipt? Check out button example: <form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post" id="paypal-form" target="_top"> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_xclick-subscriptions"> <input type="hidden" name="business" value="[email protected]"> <input type="hidden" name="lc" value="US"> <input type="hidden" name="item_name" value="Item Name"> <input type="hidden" name="no_note" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="src" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="a3" value="10.00"> <input type="hidden" name="p3" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="t3" value="M"> <input type="hidden" name="custom" id="payment-custom" value="CUSTOM VALUE"> <input type="hidden" name="currency_code" value="USD"> <input type="hidden" name="bn" value="PP-SubscriptionsBF:btn_subscribeCC_LG.gif:NonHostedGuest"> <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1"> </form> So I want to get that "CUSTOM VALUE" without using a ipn script, is it possible? A: The GetTransactionDetails API will return it

Army Chief charges soldiers to defend nation's territory at all cost The Chief of Army Staff (COAS), Lt- Gen Farouk Yahaya, yesterday, told soldiers to be prepared to defend the nation's territorial integrity at all cost. As 5,800 Recruits Pass Out At Army Depot, Zaria Yahaya, who gave the charge to the 81 Regular Recruit Intake, where 5,800 recruits were enlisted, after passing out at the Nigerian Army Depot, Zaria, said that the country was facing numerous security challenges, occasioned by the activities of Boko Haram terrorists, armed bandits, kidnappers, secessionist agitators and other criminal elements. Yahaya, who was the reviewing officer at the Passing Out Parade (POP), said the security challenges could only be surmounted by the collective resolve and effort of every officer, including the newly recruited ones. He said: "You must be ready to go wherever to defend the territorial integrity of Nigeria at any cost. You must obey all legitimate orders issued to you by your superiors, no matter how unpleasant. It is also necessary to highlight that you are subject to both civil and military laws. As such, you must avoid any act that is inimical and poses a danger to the interest of the Nigerian Army, the Armed Forces of Nigeria and the nation in general." While commending the efforts of Depot Nigerian Army for turning out brilliant soldiers for the country, the COAS said: "Depot Nigerian Army, since its establishment in 1924, has borne the responsibility of moulding selected able- bodied citizens into well-trained and disciplined soldiers to meet the manpower demands of the Nigerian Army. This function is of utmost importance and remains relevant, considering the numerous security challenges presently bedeviling our great nation." He urged the new soldiers to maintain a high standard of professionalism and remain good ambassadors of Depot Nigerian Army, the Nigerian Army and the Armed Forces of Nigeria. Lt-Gen. Farouk Yahaya Nigerian Army Group seeks removal of soldiers from Enugu community A civil Society Organisation and political advocacy group, the IGN SPEAKERS has appealed to Enugu State Governor, Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi, the General Officer Commanding 82 Division of the Nigerian Army, Enugu, Major-General Umar Musa and other relevant political stakeholders to take "immediate and decisive steps" towards removing soldiers from Igbo-Eze North Local Council of the state Mbah receives endorsement from Enugu town unions in Lagos The Enugu State governorship candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Dr Peter Mbah on Saturday received a hero's welcome at the 2022 Cultural Day of the Association of Enugu State Development Unions (AESDU), Lagos State, held at the General TY Burutai Sports Complex. Nigerian Army Cantonment, Ikeja, Lagos State. Mbah who was described by… Net Assessment: A civilian's experience reviewing counterinsurgency before military generals Air Vice Marshall Sayo Olatunde, the Commandant of the Nigerian Airforce War College, Makurdi, Benue State, is an excellent host any time I am in the college as a guest lecturer on crisis communication and social media engagement. We often discuss extensively on contemporary issues on the hard and soft power policies of the military,… Contempt: Court okays suit seeking removal of Chief of Army Staff A Federal High Court sitting in Abuja has okayed a suit seeking to compel President Muhammadu Buhari to immediately sack Chief of Army Staff, General Faruk Yahaya, following the judgment that convicted and sentenced him to prison for contempt. FG to activate army aviation in sustained modernization move The Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN), President Muhammadu Buhari has vowed to ensure the sustenance of the ongoing modernization of the Nigerian Army (NA) through the activation of NA Aviation to effectively address contemporary security challenges bedevilling the nation. COAS Conference: Olowu urges more support for the military Olowu of Kuta, HRM Oba Dr Hameed Adekunle Makama Oyelude, Tegbosun III, has urged Nigerians to support the Nigerian army more than ever as they strive to end the insurgency and other criminal elements in the country. The monarch said the ongoing chief of army staff Conference is another opportunity to demonstrate our love for…

If your GMC Sierra is running hot, whether it is over-heating or just running at a higher temperature, then it might be time to replace your thermostat. A thermostat is small but plays a big role in your car's temperature. When your engine is running and generating heat, your thermostat is hard at work. It opens and closes according to the temperature of your coolant in your engine, in order to regulate the temperature of your vehicle. When one goes bad, it is usually stuck shut or won't open enough, which traps the hot coolant in the engine, causing it to overheat. Remove the thermostat from the engine by following the upper radiator hose to where it meets the thermostat housing. The thermostat housing is where the opposite end of the upper radiator hose mounts to the engine. Drain enough coolant from radiator until it is below thermostat. Failure to do this will result in your antifreeze leaking out onto the ground. Loosen clamp and remove radiator hose from thermostat housing. Some antifreeze will leak out: have some rags available. If your engine is a 4.8L, 5.3L, or 6.0L, remove the air inlet duct first. Remove the bolts holding the thermostat housing on and pull the housing from the engine. The gasket might make it a little difficult, so do not be afraid to pull hard, but do not strike it with any tools as you can crack it. Remove old thermostat and note its alignment. Place a rag in the thermostat's mounting hole so no gasket material can enter the engine and then scrape the gasket from the housing and the engine. Install the new thermostat in same position as old one. Apply a sealant to the thermostat housing, the part you removed, and then the gasket as well. Reinstall the housing and tighten down bolts snugly. Torque them with your torque wrench. If your engine is one of the following then toque them to 21 ft lbs: 4.3L, 5.0L, or 5.7L. If your engine is a 7.4L then torque the bolts to 27ft lbs. If your engine is a 4.8L, 5.3L, or 6.0L then torque the bolts to 11 ft lbs. Make sure you do not over tighten them. Reinstall the radiator hose to thermostat housing and tighten the clamp. Refill the radiator with coolant and start the engine, allowing it to reach normal operating temperature. Check for any leaks at hose connection and thermostat housing. You can tighten them as necessary to stop any leaks. Stop the engine and allow it to cool down completely then check the coolant level. Add coolant as required. Always be careful when working around a hot engine. Never open the radiator or any related components while the engine is hot. Never allow anyone or anything to drink antifreeze, it is poisonous. Never pour antifreeze down a drain, it is against EPA regulations.

Look for most current additions. I just remember watching the full scale version of this model on final approach at Navy Dallas. It made such an impression on me as a young person. When these Crusaders I have built over the years taxi, fly, it brings me back to those early days. EXTERNAL LINK to DCModels Facebook Videos: DCModels Numerous Videos of Model and Flight Tests--Facebook account necessary to see videos. (11/1/17) EXTERNAL LINK: DCModels YouTube Videos F-8 maiden flight; tail camera view (model develops rudder flutter), and more. I'm installing this Kingteck 180 into the model. It's out in the open right now but the exhaust tube, shroud and intake liner hasn't been put in place. This engine produces 40 lbs of thrust. The first Crusader prototype's engine had 36 lbs of thrust so this will be an nice power upgrade. (1/18/16) I saw your article on the restoration of 145645, it was excellent. Attached are a couple pics of a model of 145645 [in VFP-63 colors] my friend Mike Wilson built several years back, I hope you enjoy them. Model of the RF-8G displayed at the Smithsonian Air & Space Museum Washington, D.C. A nice model: EXTERNAL LINK--RF-8A VFP-62 number 910 (BuNo 146871) by Mike Dudley -[Webmaster's Note: This model represents the plane flown by VFP-62 CO, Cdr. Ecker, during the Cuban Missile Crisis. See "Cuban Missile Crisis" this site]-Contributed by J.J. McKenna. I still ended up having to do some 'cut-and-paste' with decals not found on the sheet I ordered off eBay. (If only that old decal sheet with VFP-62 markings was still available!!) This model will be a Christmas present for Laura. Again, let me just say "Thank You" to you and to John Sees for all the assistance you have given me throughout this project. I couldn't have done it without you and this website. Someone did a great job on that model. It's from VFP-63 Det 3 aboard USS MIDWAY in 1971. It had Lt Jerry Brown's name on one side and Lt Paul Ringwood's on the other. Below is one of her mates that I built when we got back from that cruise, though it's suffered the pangs and dings of a few worldwide moves since then. I don't remember what brand of kit it was, but I believe it was an F-8C or E and had to be sculpted into an RF8G using modeling clay. I'm gonna take it back into the barn for rework one of these days! I've got the left horizontal stab around here somewhere. I accessed your page to check on some folks that had served in VFP-62. I have a model of an RF-8 that I was flying when I became the first shootdown of the Vietnam air war on 6 June 1964 over Laos. Jack Clark made my model shown below. A 1/72nd scale polyurethane resin conversion kit put out by RVHP of the Czech republic converts the 1/72 Hasagawa F-8E to the RF8. It comes with the markings for VFP-62 Bureau No. 146889 USS Enterprise DET with the black pointer and green dragon painted on the sides. The conversion kit retails for $37.00 and it also comes in the markings of "looks around" VFP-63, you know....that other photo squadron. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] -The model they are currently showing is the F8E Crusader. The scale is 1/48 W/S: 97/8" Length: 14" Catalog number C4648F3W. The price is $139.95, but there is a discount if you call directly. C&H Aero Miniatures also make a resin RF8 conversion kit for the 1/48 Monogram F-8E kit. It may also work on the Hasegawa F-8E as well. Email the -VFP-62 Webmaster to send a comment or contribution for this page.

Jeffersonville Founder's Day Oktoberfest is a celebration of Jeffersonville's German and Swiss Heritage. It is held Columbus Day weekend, this year Sunday, October 8th. Picture Main Street Jeffersonville decorated and packed with artisan vendors. Live music and delicious German and Swiss food and treats served at all 6 Main Street restaurants. Each restaurant offering outdoor seating and service so you won't miss any of the action. As if that isn't incentive enough, the day is jam packed with some of the most entertaining events you could find!

Trying to plan a wedding for this summer.. looking to do something outside and on a budget. I want to have the ceremony and reception at the same place. Anyone have any good recommendations for the Syracuse/Watertown areas??

Du Clene provides quality cleaning services at an affordable rate. Below are our current vacancies. If you are passionate about cleaning and hygiene maintenance, have the right to work in Australia and possess a police clearance issued less than 6 months ago, please email me your résumé, copies of your qualifications and a copy of your police clearance. None at the moment! But please, check back soon. Designed & built by Jordan Lovelle. Copyright © 2016 Du Clene Pty. Ltd. | All rights reserved.

Monopoly Board Game - Lord of the Rings Edition Sorry, unfortunately this product is currently out of stock Only Fools and Horses Trading Board Game Uno Playing Card Game 4 installments of $9.99 with sezzle Learn more 4 installments of $9.99 with zip Learn more In the Monopoly Board Game: The Lord of the Rings Edition players imagine being in Middle-earth as one of the Fellowship. Buy properties to protect the lands from the evil armies of Mordor, and earn money by charging rent and by controlling the Ring of Power. It's a fun thing to do while staying at home and makes a great gift for kids ages 8 and up. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King and the names of the characters, items, events and places therein are trademarks of The Saul Zaentz Company d/b/a Middle-earth Enterprises under license to New Line Productions, Inc. The Hasbro, Hasbro Gaming, Parker Brothers, and Monopoly names and logos, the distinctive design of the gameboard, the four corner squares, the Mr. Monopoly name and character, as well as each of the distinctive elements of the board and playing pieces are trademarks of Hasbro for its property trading game and game equipment.

Posted on May 3, 2018 by Bellville Star $1 million scratch-off winner at Bellville Duke and Duchess Business, Community, Lifestyle, News, Top Stories BELLVILLE — A Mount Vernon man has been named winner in a $1 million "Cash Times 50" lottery game. Richard Schuman Jr. purchased the ticket at the Bellville Duke and Duchess station. Marie Kilbane, of the communications office at the Ohio Lottery, said Schuman claimed his winnings in April. The "Cash Times 50" game has been used since 2017. Kilbane said a winner may choose to get winnings in an annuity form, or take the cash option. Schuman took the cash option, which means his winnings are $500,000, said Kilbane. There are five "top prizes" in a game such as this, and four of the five top winners have made their claims. A telephone request to Schuman did not get results. The phone number, provided by the Ohio Lottery, rang and a male answered, then hung up the phone. Earlier Thursday the manager of the Duke and Duchess, Lori, confirmed someone had won the scratch off ticket three or four weeks ago. She said a man and woman were involved. It is up to the winner of a lottery to declare they have a winning ticket. Kilbane said sometimes winners hold on to their winning tickets so information may not be immediately available. This publication became aware of the situation when the editor received a phone call from a person who asked to remain anonymous. Businesses where winning tickets are sold get a percentage of the net winnings. Lori (who did not wish to reveal her last name) said anything the Duke and Duchess receives would have to go to the corporation. Duke and Duchess stations are operated by Englefield Oil. Kilbane said the Duke and Duchess owners will get $10,000. This is their share of the winnings. This is the Duke and Duchess station in Bellville, where a person unknown recently won $1 million in a "scratch off" event. Louise Swartzwalder | Bellville Star https://www.thebellvillestar.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2018/05/web1_lottery.jpgThis is the Duke and Duchess station in Bellville, where a person unknown recently won $1 million in a "scratch off" event. Louise Swartzwalder | Bellville Star By LOUISE SWARTZWALDER [email protected] Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: million scratch-off winner at Bellville Duke and Duchess. Here is a link to that story: https://www.thebellvillestar.com/news/13197/bellville-a-mt-vernon-man-has-been-named-winner-in-a-1-million-cash-times-50-lottery-game-richard-schuman-jr-purchased-the-ticket-at-the-bellville-duke-and-duchess-sta

Q: vb.net Switch between images on button click So I have 2 PNGs that I am using instead of the button. I set the button image as image 1 and have both the images in my resources. How do I switch them back and forth when I click the button? Lets call the images lunch.png and breakfast.png I tried toying around with the select case and If statement... Please nothing too complicated as this is I am just learning VB and would like to understand what I am writing in. A: Private Sub picboxSub_Ass_Detail_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles picboxSub_Ass_Detail.Click If picboxSub_Ass_Detail.Tag = 0 Then picboxSub_Ass_Detail.Image = My.Resources.Tamp02 picboxSub_Ass_Detail.Tag = 1 GoTo a ElseIf picboxSub_Ass_Detail.Tag = 1 Then picboxSub_Ass_Detail.Image = My.Resources.Tamp01 picboxSub_Ass_Detail.Tag = 0 GoTo a End If a: End Sub I have used the picture to click and change here, the name is just the name is what i have called it it could easily just be picturebox1. Make sure to set the picture tag to 0 first :) A: Use a variable to track the currently selected meal type. In the example below I've setup an enum to represent the two different meal types, and a public property with a private backing field to represent the current state: Public Class Form1 Public Enum MealType Breakfast Lunch End Enum Private _Meal As MealType = MealType.Breakfast Public Property Meal As MealType Get Return _Meal End Get Set(value As MealType) _Meal = value Select Case _Meal Case MealType.Breakfast Button1.Image = My.Resources.Breakfast Case MealType.Lunch Button1.Image = My.Resources.Lunch End Select End Set End Property Private Sub SwapMeal() If Meal = MealType.Breakfast Then Meal = MealType.Lunch Else Meal = MealType.Breakfast End If End Sub Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Meal = MealType.Breakfast End Sub Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click SwapMeal() End Sub End Class Here's a shorter, less beautiful version, keeping the boolean for each Button in its Tag() property. Note that the btn_Click() method is handling Button1, Button2 and Button3: Public Class Form1 Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Button1.Tag = False Button2.Tag = False Button3.Tag = False Button1.PerformClick() Button2.PerformClick() Button3.PerformClick() End Sub Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click, Button2.Click, Button3.Click Dim btn As Button = DirectCast(sender, Button) btn.Tag = Not CBool(btn.Tag) btn.Image = If(CBool(btn.Tag), My.Resources.Breakfast, My.Resources.Lunch) End Sub End Class A: The code below worked for me: Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.CheckedChanged If Button1.CheckState = CheckState.Checked Then Button1.Image = My.Resources.icon1 Else Button1.Image = My.Resources.icon2 End If End Sub A: In this solution, using an integer variable which has a default value of 0 triggers the if condition on button click, and the value of a becomes 1. Then, on second click, the if condition fails, and the else triggers. It changes the value of a to 0. Again, the process repeats each time the button is clicked. dim a As Integer Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click If a=0 Then Button1.image = My.Resources.image1 a=1 Else Button1.image = My.Resources.image2 a=0 End If End Sub A: You mean how do you change an image when the user presses a button? Just use the below code to change the image to lunch.png. PictureBoxName.Image = My.Resources.ResourceManager.GetObject("lunch") and for breakfast.png use this. PictureBoxName.Image = My.Resources.ResourceManager.GetObject("breakfast")

First, it is important to understand that only raw foods have functional "live" enzymes. All raw foods contain exactly the right enzymes required to split every last food molecule into the basic building blocks of metabolism: amino acids (from protein), glucose (from complex carbohydrates) and essential fatty acids (from unsaturated vegetable fats). "Raw foods are other stars of health and nutrition. Just remember this about raw foods: the older they get, the fewer nutrients (phytochemicals) they contain. Think about this: when any living food is picked, it is separated from its life energy source (its "umbilical connection" to Mother Earth), and its growth begins to slow. Within 24 to 48 hours after being picked, all growth stops. Living foods are the richest sources of enzymes, oxygen, chlorophyll, vitamins, essential fatty acids, and fiber, and contain the proper ratio of alkaline to acid minerals. Raw foods follow a close second, with all our cooked and store-bought processed foods a very distant third. Living food has a quality observed in Chinese Medicine that will increase circulation and is considered warming whereas raw food is cooling and make us feel cooler. This explains why we all prefer to eat salads in the summer as these are cooling. However, living sprouts will improve our circulation thus freeing congestion in the body and creating a feeling of warmth. Chlorophyll is used by plants to transform sunlight and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. The molecular structure of chlorophyll is so similar to that of human hemoglobin that juicing green drinks and vegetables can perform as "little transfusions" for the blood and tonics for the brain, immune system and skin. Similar to red blood cells and the human body, it feeds oxygen into the Earth's eco-system. They are an exceptional resource of B vitamins, minerals, proteins and enzymes. The best sources of chlorophyll are sprouts and cereal grasses. Wheatgrass contains up to 70% chlorophyll, and is a great nutritional addition to ones diet. Wheat grass need is own special juicing equipment which can be found online or at a health food store.

Cheryl helps business executives and their teams engage their natural strengths. Anyone who owns a business or manages a team of people faces new and often unexpected challenges every day. Regardless of what you do to prepare for those challenges, you have to make decisions in a moment. With executive coaching, I come alongside you and reassure you how to make tough decisions. Through our conversations, I will help you weigh the options you have in front of you while shining a light on your leadership ability, and helping to hold you accountable. I believe every one of my clients are going to be world changers. When I look back on my life I realize I've been starting businesses since I was 12. Had I had someone to recognize that and coached me early on, my life might have unfolded in a completely different way. When I coach a young entrepreneur with a heart to build a business it excites me to be the person to come alongside and help shine a spotlight on what they're great at. I help my clients see the real God who loves them. You don't just get a coach from me, you get someone committed to prayer for you and the organization you lead. That is one of the greatest gifts I can give. I seek to be the person behind the person on stage. To help growing churches and non-profits to become the world changers that God intends them to me. Interested in exploring Coaching with Cheryl? The first appointment is a 1 hour complimentary coaching consultation because Cheryl believes coaching is a mutual relationship that deserves the time to explore if there is a good fit. Pricing is discussed as the next step.

The Paradoxes of High Stakes Testing How They Affect Students, Their Parents, Teachers, Principals, Schools, and Society George Madaus, Boston College Michael Russell, Boston College Jennifer Higgins As a nation, we spend more than $1 billion a year on federally mandated educational tests that 30 million students must take each year. The country spends an additional $1.2 billion on test preparation materials designed to help students pass these tests. While test mandates were put in place with good intentions, increasingly educational leaders and policy makers are questioning these test based reform efforts. Some question whether these programs are doing more harm than good. Others call for the development of more and better tests. Given the vast amount of resources our nation pours into testing, is it time we pay closer attention to these testing programs? Is it time we hold the testing industry and policy makers accountable for the tests they make and use? Is it time we invest resources to develop new ways of testing our students? The Paradoxes of High-Stakes Testing explores these and other questions, as it helps parents, teachers, educational leaders, and policy makers better understand the complexities of educational policies that use tests as a lever for improving the quality of education. The book explores: >> how testing is used to enable teachers and schools to be more effective and improve student learning, >> why testing is so ingrained in the American psyche and why policy makers rely on testing policies to reform our educational system, >> what we can learn from a long history of test-based reform efforts that have occurred over centuries and across continents, >> what effects testing has on teaching and learning in our schools when it is used to solve political, social, or economic problems. Most importantly, the book describes several ways in which testing can be improved to provide more accurate and more useful measures of student learning. Many of these improvements capitalize on technology to provide teachers with more detailed, diagnostic information about student learning and measure skills that some leaders argue are essential for the 21st century work force. Exploring what is within reach is critical because current testing policies are hindering these improvements. Finally, given that testing is and will continue to be an integral part of our educational system, the book concludes that, like other sectors of our society, educational testing must be more closely monitored to ensure that high quality tests are used to measure student achievement and to minimize the negative effects that testing has on students, schools, and our society. Given the opportunity our nation has to rethink and redesign its testing policies, The Paradoxes of High-Stakes Testing presents a clear strategy to maximize the positive effects of educational testing. Acknowledgements 1 The High-Stakes Testing Mania. 2 Why Has Testing Become So Important? 3 What Is a Test? 4 What Human and Cultural Factors Affect Test Performance? 5 What Technical Issues Affect Test Validity? 6 Why Is It Important to Regard Testing As a Technology? 7 Why Is the History of Testing Important? 8 What Are the Paradoxical Consequences of High-Stakes Testing? 9 What Is the Future of Testing? 10 Why and How Should High-Stakes Testing Be Monitored? Bibliography "Madaus, Russell, and Higgins (all, Boston College) provide an exemplary overview of the consequences of high-stakes testing in the context of contemporary school reform policy. A major theme in this book centers on the assertion that high-stakes testing is the driving force behind school reform policy today. The authors argue that school reform policies, based solely on high-stakes testing, were mandated before careful research on the potential advantages and disadvantages. As members of the testing community, the authors do find value in testing; however, they also recognize its limitations, especially in the context of diverse populations. Those in charge of developing and implementing school reform policies today would find this to be an excellent resource; however, the book is also appropriate for a wide audience. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readership levels." J. C. Agnew-Tally Park University in Choice Price: $24.99 (Reg. 24.99) EDU030000 - EDUCATION: Testing & Measurement Selected Writings from the Journal of the Saskatchewan Mathematics Teachers' Society Celebrating 50 years (1961-2011) of Vinculum

EuroCan Manufacturing is voluntarily recalling Lot Number 84 consisting of it's individually shrink-wrapped, 6-pack, 12-pack and 25-pack bags of Barnsdale Farms®, HoundsTooth® and Mac's Choice® Pig Ears because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella. The pig ears were distributed throughout the United States and Canada. The pig ears were packaged as individually shrink-wrapped, 6-pack, 12-pack and 25-pack bags in the Barnsdale Farms®, Barnsdale Farms®-Select, Houndstooth® and Mac's Choice® brands. The lot number being recalled is 84. No illnesses of any kind have been reported to date. The potential for contamination was noted after routine testing revealed the presence of Salmonella in the product. The company has suspended distribution of the product while FDA and the company continue their investigation as to the source of the problem. Consumers who have purchased any of the above-described Barnsdale Farms® pig ears should return product to the place of purchase for a refund. Consumer with questions may contact the company Monday – Friday from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Eastern Standard Time at (888) 290-7606.