syke9p3/bert-multilabel-tagalog-hate-speech-classifier

Multilabel Classification of Tagalog Hate Speech using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)

Multilabel Tagalog Hate Speech Classifier using Bidirectional Encoder Representation From Transformers. Classifies Tagalog Hate Speech with labels Age, Gender, Physical, Race, Religion, and Others.

Hate speech encompasses expressions and behaviors that promote hatred, discrimination, prejudice, or violence against individuals or groups based on specific attributes, with consequences ranging from physical harm to psychological distress, making it a critical issue in today's society.

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) is pre-trained deep learning model used in this study that uses a transformer architecture to generate word embeddings, capturing both left and right context information, and can be fine-tuned for various natural language processing tasks. For this project, we fine-tuned Jiang et. al.'s pre-trained BERT Tagalog Base Uncased model in the task of multilabel hate speech classification.

👥 Proponents

• Saya-ang, Kenth G. (@syke9p3)
• Gozum, Denise Julianne S. (@Xenoxianne)
• Hamor, Mary Grizelle D. (@mnemoria)
• Mabansag, Ria Karen B. (@riavx)

📋 About the Thesis

📄 Abstract

Hate speech promotes hatred, discrimination, prejudice, or violence against individuals or groups based on specific attributes, leading to physical and psychological harm. This study addresses the prevalence of hate speech on social media by proposing a Tagalog hate speech multilabel classification model. Using a fine-tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, the study classifies hate speech into categories such as Age, Gender, Physical, Race, Religion, and Others. Analyzing 2,116 manually annotated social media posts from Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter, the model achieved varying precision, recall, and f-measure scores across categories, with an overall hamming loss of 3.79%.

🔠 Keywords

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers; Hate Speech; Multilabel Classification; Social Media; Tagalog; Polytechnic University of the Philippines; Bachelor of Science in Computer Science

💻 Languages and Technologies

Model

User Interface

🎨 Labels

Multilabel Classification refers to the task of assigning one or more relevant labels to each text. Each text can be associated with multiple categories simultaneously, such as Age, Gender, Physical, Race, Religion, or Others.

Target of hate speech pertains to one's age bracket or demographic Target of hate speech pertains to gender identity, sex, or sexual orientation Target of hate speech pertains to physical attributes or disability Target of hate speech pertains to racial background, ethnicity, or nationality Target of hate speech pertains to affiliation, belief, and faith to any of the existing religious or non-religious groups Target of hate speech pertains other topic that is not relevant as Age, Gender, Physical, Race, or Religion

📜 Dataset

2,116 scraped social media posts from Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter manually annotated for determining labels for each data split into three sets:

Dataset	Number of Posts	Percentage
Training Set	1,267	60%
Validation Set	212	10%
Testing Set	633	30%

🔢 Results

The testing set containing 633 annotated hate speech data used to analyze performance of the model in its ability to classify the hate speech input according to different label in terms of Precision, Recall, F-Measure, and overall hamming loss.

Label	Precision	Recall	F-Measure
Age	97.12%	90.18%	93.52%
Gender	93.23%	94.66%	93.94%
Physical	92.23%	71.43%	80.51%
Race	90.99%	88.60%	89.78%
Religion	99.03%	94.44%	96.68%
Others	83.74%	85.12%	84.43%

Overall Hamming Loss: 3.79%