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verdun-sur-le-doubs is a commune in the saône-et-loire department in the region of bourgogne in eastern france.
it is located in bourgogne-franche-comté at the confluence of the doubs and the saône in the bresse plain, near beaune and chalon-sur-saône.
it is a very old settlement and played the role of fortified place at the french kingdom frontier during several centuries.
today verdun-sur-le-doubs is an agricultural and tourist center well known for fishing, river boating and good eating. the "pôchouse" is the local dish with different types of river fishes cooked with dry burgundy white wine ("bourgogne aligoté") and cream.
in the second world war verdun-sur-le-doubs was situated on the demarcation line. in 1995 sixteen communes, followed shortly by four others, were united to form the community of communes of the trois rivieres (cc3r).
august "gus" voerg (june 7, 1870 – april 21, 1944), also known as gustav voerg, was an american rower who competed in the 1904 summer olympics.
in 1904 he was part of the american boat which won the bronze medal in the coxless four.
the 7-demicubic honeycomb, or demihepteractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in euclidean 7-space. it is constructed as an alternation of the regular 7-cubic honeycomb.
it is composed of two different types of facets. the 7-cubes become alternated into 7-demicubes h{4,3,3,3,3,3} and the alternated vertices create 7-orthoplex {3,3,3,3,3,4} facets.
the vertex arrangement of the 7-demicubic honeycomb is the d lattice. the 84 vertices of the rectified 7-orthoplex vertex figure of the "7-demicubic honeycomb" reflect the kissing number 84 of this lattice. the best known is 126, from the e lattice and the 3 honeycomb.
the d packing (also called d) can be constructed by the union of two "d lattices". the d packings form lattices only in even dimensions. the kissing number is 2=64 (2 for n<8, 240 for n=8, and 2n(n-1) for n>8).
the d lattice (also called d and c) can be constructed by the union of all four 7-demicubic lattices: it is also the 7-dimensional body centered cubic, the union of two 7-cube honeycombs in dual positions.
the kissing number of the d lattice is 14 ("2n" for n≥5) and its voronoi tessellation is a quadritruncated 7-cubic honeycomb, , containing all with tritruncated 7-orthoplex, voronoi cells.
there are three uniform construction symmetries of this tessellation. each symmetry can be represented by arrangements of different colors on the 128 7-demicube facets around each vertex.
uyyalawada narasimha reddy or majjari narasimha reddy (24 november 1806 – 2 february 1847) was an indian freedom fighter. son of a former telugu palegaadu mallareddy and seethamma, narasimha reddy was born in rupanagudi village, uyyalawada mandal, kurnool district. he and his commander-in-chief "vadde obanna" were at the heart of the rebellion against british in 1846, where 5,000 peasants rose up against the british east india company in kurnool district, rayalaseema region of andhra pradesh. they were protesting against the changes introduced by the british to the traditional agrarian system in the first half of the nineteenth century. which included the introduction of the ryotwari system and other attempts to maximize revenue through exploiting lower-status cultivators by depleting their crops and leaving them impoverished.
the father of narasimha reddy was related to the polygar (jagirdarr) family of uyyalawada in koilkuntla taluk who had married two daughters of the polygar of nossam. he had three sons, of whom narasimha was the youngest. his first wife was siddamma.
the eic's introduction to the madras presidency of the 1803 permanent settlement, which had first been enacted in bengal presidency ten years previously, replaced the agrarian socio-economic status quo with a more egalitarian arrangement where anyone could cultivate provided that they paid a fixed sum to the eic for the privilege of doing so.
the polygars and other higher-status people who preferred the old agrarian system "represented the decadent social order", were in many cases "upstarts" and "were also the heirs of a social system in which various orders of hindu society were integrated through ages". these people were dispossessed of their lands, which were then redistributed, but the primary purpose of the changes was to increase production rather than to restructure the social order. in some cases, it coincided with a punishment because among the dispossessed were those who had recently been involved in fighting the eic in the polygar wars. some received pensions in lieu of the lost lands but at inconsistent rates.
the changes, which included the introduction of the ryotwari system and other attempts to maximise revenue, deprived village headmen and other higher-status people of their role as revenue collectors and position as landholders, while also impacting on lower-status cultivators by depleting their crops and leaving them impoverished. the population came to the view that the british were taking their wealth and that those who were dependent on the traditional system no longer had a means of making a living. as the old order collapsed into disarray, the once-authoritative polygars, including narasimha reddy, became the focus of attention from sufferers, whose pleas fell on deaf british ears. the polygars saw a chance to mobilize peasant opposition both for genuine social reasons.
narasimha reddy's own objections too was based on their outcomes. compared to the polygar of nossam, the pension awarded to his family upon their dispossession was paltry and the authorities refused to increase it by redistributing some of the nossam monies when that latter family became extinct in 1821. at the same time, some of his relatives were facing proposals for further reductions in their land rights, including by a reform of the village policing system.
things came to a head 1846 when the british authorities assumed land rights previously held by various people who had died in the villages of goodladurty, koilkuntla and nossum. encouraged by the discontent of others, reddy became the figurehead for an uprising.
an armed group, initially comprising those dispossessed of inam lands around koilkuntla, was led by reddy's right-hand man vadde obanna in july 1846. the acting collector for the area lord cochrane, believed that reddy had material support from fellow pensioners in hyderabad and kurnool, whose land rights had also been appropriated. the group soon attracted support from the peasantry and was reported by british authorities to have rampaged in koilkuntla, looting the treasury there and evading the police before killing several officers at mittapally. they also plundered rudravaram before moving to an area near to almore, pursued by the british military forces who then surrounded them.
a battle between obanna's 5000-strong band and a much smaller british contingent then took place, with around 200 of the rebels being killed and others captured before they were able to break out in the direction of kotakota, giddalur where reddy's family were situated. having collected his family, he and the rest of the rebels moved into the nallamala hills. the british offered incentives for information regarding the rebels, who were again surrounded amidst reports that unrest was now growing in other villages of the area. in a further skirmish between the rebels and the british, who had sent for reinforcements, 40–50 rebels were killed and 90 were captured, including reddy. although there was no evidence of obanna's capture, he most possibly was also a captive along with his leader.
warrants were issued for the arrest of nearly 1,000 of the rebels, of which 412 were released without charge. a further 273 were bailed and 112 were convicted. reddy, too, was convicted and in his case received the death penalty. on 22 february 1847, he was executed in koilkuntla in front of a silent crowd of over 2000 people.
british kept his head on the fort wall in public view until 1877. the east india company reported in their district manual of 1886 that
the renati surya chandrula smaraka samithi was formed to preserve the memory of reddy and the philanthropist budda vengal reddy, both of whom were born in uyyalawada village. the committee published a book in both telugu and english, titled "renati surya chandrulu" ("the sun and moon of renadu"), in 2015. it contains excerpts from research papers by historians.
a movie based on narasimha reddy's inspiring life, "sye raa narasimha reddy" directed by surender reddy and starring chiranjeevi was released in the telugu film industry on 2 october 2019. he was referred as a dacoit by british as he was helping people
binetti is a surname. notable people with this surname include:
the valea cheii (also: "cheia", in its upper course also: "rudărița") is a left tributary of the river dâmbovița in romania. its source is in the leaota mountains. it flows into the dâmbovița downstream from podu dâmboviței. its length is and its basin size is .
the following rivers are tributaries to the river valea cheii (from source to mouth):
the 7-cubic honeycomb or hepteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in euclidean 7-space.
it is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space.
there are many different wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. the most symmetric form is regular, with schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. another form has two alternating 7-cube facets (like a checkerboard) with schläfli symbol {4,3,3}. the lowest symmetry wythoff construction has 128 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product schläfli symbol {∞}.
the [4,3,4], , coxeter group generates 255 permutations of uniform tessellations, 135 with unique symmetry and 134 with unique geometry. the expanded 7-cubic honeycomb is geometrically identical to the 7-cubic honeycomb.
the "7-cubic honeycomb" can be alternated into the 7-demicubic honeycomb, replacing the 7-cubes with 7-demicubes, and the alternated gaps are filled by 7-orthoplex facets.
a quadritruncated 7-cubic honeycomb, , contains all tritruncated 7-orthoplex facets and is the voronoi tessellation of the d lattice. facets can be identically colored from a doubled formula_1×2, <nowiki></nowiki>4,3,4 symmetry, alternately colored from formula_1, [4,3,4] symmetry, three colors from formula_3, [4,3,3] symmetry, and 4 colors from formula_4, [3,3,3] symmetry.
john w. freitag (may 3, 1877 – october 20, 1932) was an american rower who competed in the 1904 summer olympics.
he was born in columbia, illinois in 1877 and died in st. louis, missouri in 1932. in 1904 he was part of the american boat that won the bronze medal in the coxless four.
the batavia depot museum is a museum in batavia, illinois that was once the town's primary train station. it was the first of many depots built by the chicago, burlington and quincy railroad. it was listed on the national register of historic places in 1979 as the chicago, burlington, and quincy railroad depot.
the chicago, burlington, and quincy railroad (cb&q) was established in the 1850s to rival the galena and chicago union railroad (c&gu). the new railroad was constructed due to growing concern that the cities of batavia and aurora would have an economic downfall since the c&gu bypassed both settlements. the railroad station in batavia was the first constructed by the cb&q, and as such, the company took extra care to make it stand out architecturally.
the wood structure stands two stories tall with red, vertical panels. originally , a four-room extension was added to the ground floor in 1868. the main structure has a gable roof with gothic brackets while the extension has a flat roof. the station was later abandoned by the cb&q, who preferred to maintain only a direct route through aurora. the station was moved to its current location in 1973 in an effort to preserve it. renovations were made to restore the building to its 1919 appearance (which was likely very similar to the original). the building was placed on a new cinder block foundation. the new lot also had a basement for a furnace to keep the building open during the winter. the fox river now lies to the building's east. the building was listed on the national register of historic places on june 6, 1979.
the london underground mosquito is a form of mosquito in the genus "culex". it is found in the london underground railway system as its name suggests, but has a worldwide distribution and long predates the existence of the london underground. it was first described as a distinct species from egyptian specimens by the biologist peter forsskål (1732–1763). he named this mosquito "culex molestus" due to its voracious biting, but later biologists renamed it "culex pipiens" f. "molestus" because there were no morphological differences between it and "culex pipiens". notably, this mosquito assaulted londoners sleeping in the underground during the blitz, although similar populations were long known.
a study from 2004 analyzing dna microsatellites suggested that "culex molestus" is likely a distinct species from "culex pipiens". however, a more recent paper from 2012 argues that it is more accurately 'a physiological and ecological variant of "cx. pipiens" ' and should not be considered a distinct species.
this mosquito, although first discovered in egypt in the late 18th century, has been found in underground systems around the world. some authors suggested that it adapted to human-made underground systems since the last century from local above-ground "culex pipiens", but the more recent evidence suggests it is a southern mosquito variety related to "c. pipiens" that has adapted to the warm underground spaces of northern cities.
behavioral evidence for this mosquito being a different species from "c. pipiens" comes from research by kate byrne and richard nichols. the species have very different behaviours, are extremely difficult to mate, and with different allele frequencies consistent with genetic drift during a founder event. more specifically, this mosquito, "c. molestus", breeds all-year round, is cold intolerant, and bites rats, mice, and humans, in contrast to the above-ground species, which is cold tolerant, hibernates in the winter, and is considered to mostly feed on bird hosts. when the two varieties were crossbred, the eggs were infertile, suggesting reproductive isolation.
genetic data indicate the "molestus" form in the london underground appear to have a common ancestry, rather than the population at each station being related to the nearest above-ground population. byrne and nichols' working hypothesis was that adaptation to the underground environment had occurred locally in london once only – many hurdles must be overcome to become adapted to the subterranean environment, and understandably it would occur rarely. this hypothesis implies that local adaptation would be expected in different locations around europe and beyond, as each local population evolved an offshoot that overcame the problems of living underground.
however, more recently collected genetic evidence reported by fonseca and others suggests a single "c. molestus" form has spread throughout europe and beyond, since populations over a large area share a common genetic heritage. these widely separated populations are distinguished by very minor genetic differences, which suggest the underground form developed recently; a single mtdna difference is shared among the underground populations of 10 russian cities, and a single fixed microsatellite difference occurs in populations spanning europe, japan, australia, the middle east, and the atlantic islands. this worldwide spread might have occurred after the last glaciations or may be even more recent, due to the insects hitchhiking on world trade routes; one possibility is the international secondhand tire trade. the tires retain water in which the larvae can survive, and completely removing water from an old tire can be difficult.
now, the persistence of hybrids in northern climates apparently may be another evolutionary problem that can be solved, but only rarely: the fonseca paper obtained genetic evidence that the recent colonization of america by "culex" mosquitoes actually involves a strain derived from a rare successful hybridization between "c. pipiens" and "c. molestus". they suggest hybridization may explain why the american form bites both birds and humans (this interpretation is controversial, see letter from spielman "et al." and the response that follows it in "science"). the consequences of this more indiscriminate feeding hit the news in 1999 with the outbreak of human encephalitis in new york, caused by west nile virus. it was the first documented introduction of this virus into the western hemisphere; perhaps because in the longer established populations, the old world northern above-ground "c. pipiens" almost exclusively bites birds, with the human-biting ones being incarcerated below ground.
"culex molestus" has been observed in north and south america, europe, asia, africa, and australasia. its country of origin is thought to be egypt, although it has likely spread via trade and colonial passages over the past centuries.
in the summer of 2011, an invasion of "culex molestus" appeared on the upper west side in the borough of manhattan, new york city. the mosquito is well known for being commonly found in sewers of new york and thriving throughout the year feeding on humans. residents of older brownstones found the mosquitoes coming from the underground into basements and then through air vents and other openings into their homes. the city government did not make this infestation of the pest a top priority because they tested negative for west nile virus and because of the high cost of mosquito control.
in australia, "culex molestus" was first recorded in the 1940s, and has since spread across all southern states, causing a significant biting nuisance in urban areas. unlike most australian urban mosquitos, "molestus" is active through all 12 months of the year. its introduction was likely through military movements into melbourne during world war ii, and genetic studies have indicated its most likely passage was from eastern asia and japan. it has also been identified as a potential vector for several australian blood-borne diseases, such as ross river virus.
clemens erwein heinrich karl bonaventura freiherr von und zu franckenstein (14 july 1875 – 19 august 1942) was a german opera composer, studying in vienna, austria, and later in munich, germany, with ludwig thuille and at the hoch conservatory in frankfurt with iwan knorr. after a visit to the usa he conducted the moody-manners opera company in england from 1902–1907, then worked at the court theatres of wiesbaden and berlin, until the court theaters were abolished after the first world war. he was general director of the bayerische staatsoper in munich (1912–1918 and 1924–1934). he produced the munich opera festival through 1934 when he was forced out by nazi prohibitions.
franckenstein was born in wiesentheid, germany to karl freiherr von und zu franckenstein (1831–1898) and elma gräfin von schönborn-wiesentheid (1841–1884). his brother was austrian ambassador to england, georg von und zu franckenstein (1878–1953). georg's son, actor clement von franckenstein (1944–2019), was his nephew.
franckenstein died in hechendorf am pilsensee, oberbayern, germany at age 67.
frank dummerth (january 6, 1871 – august 7, 1936) was an american rower who competed in the 1904 summer olympics.
he was born and died in st. louis, missouri.
in 1904 he was part of the american boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxless four.
monsignor scanlan high school is a four-year private, roman catholic high school located in the throggs neck neighborhood of the bronx, new york city. it is part of the roman catholic archdiocese of new york and is accredited by the middle states association of colleges and schools and the new york state board of regents.
monsignor scanlan high school was initially established in 1949 as two schools, st. helena's high school for boys and st. helena's high school for girls. both schools were formed by monsignor arthur j. scanlan, founding pastor of st. helena's church. he also founded the parish elementary school in 1940. both high schools were renamed in scanlan's honor in 1972 and merged to form one coeducational high school in 1976. the parish also operated a commercial high school from 1956 to 2002.
currently experiencing a surge in its student population, the 2019-2020 incoming freshman class increased an unprecedented 38%.
located near the foot of the whitestone bridge, monsignor scanlan high school sits on a suburban-like 13-acre oasis campus in the throggs neck neighborhood of the bronx, just minutes from northern queens. students residing in the bronx, queens and manhattan constitute the majority of the pupil population. the q-50 and q-44 mta bus line accommodates monsignor scanlan students traveling from different points in queens and the bronx and conveniently stops on the school’s campus. the school is adjacent to westchester creek to the west and the whitestone bridge and ferry point park to the south.
the academic program is organized around a seven-day cycle on three academic levels designed to accommodate the scholastic needs of students. the honors program rigorously challenges honor students to excel. the regents program prepares students to perform successfully on the new york state regents exams and the school's satellite program offers students reinforcement in the areas of math and reading skills.
msgr. scanlan high school offers stem (science technology engineering and math) courses as part of the amazon future engineer pathway stem program in partnership with edhesive. course offerings include: introduction to computer coding and advanced placement (ap) computer science.
monsignor scanlan high school offers two distinctive opportunities for its students to earn college credits:
advanced placement courses are offered in:
monsignor scanlan high school also partners with st. john's university to offer college level courses to juniors and seniors with an opportunity to obtain college credits.
all classrooms are equipped with "smart board®" technology.
monsignor scanlan high school offers competitive athletic programs to its students. the school has garnered several city-wide championship titles.
monsignor scanlan high school has a number of student activities designed to promote a broad spectrum of interests.
samskara (english title: funeral rites) is a 1970 kannada-language film written by u. r. ananthamurthy based on his eponymous novel, and directed and produced by pattabhirama reddy. singeetam srinivasa rao was executive director for the film. it is considered a path-breaking film that pioneered the parallel cinema movement in kannada. "samskara" won the national film award for best feature film (1970).
the word "samskara" means "ritual" in kannada. the madras censor board banned "samskara" because it was felt that the strong anti-caste message of the film could spark tensions among the public. the ban was revoked by the union ministry of information and broadcasting. the film was released and it went on to win awards at national and international levels.
the story is set in a street in a small village called durvasapura in the western ghats of karnataka. a majority of the people who live in the street belong to the community of madhwas (a brahmin community). the people who stay here have a traditional mindset and strictly follow the rules defined by their religion. two of the main characters in the story are praneshacharya (girish karnad) and narayanappa. praneshacharya is a devout brahmin who has completed his vedic education at varanasi and has returned to duravasapura and is considered as the leader of the brahmin community of his village and the surrounding ones. his main goal is to attain liberation ("moksha") and he is willing to go to any length to achieve it. to remain focused on his goal and as an act of self-sacrifice, he marries an invalid woman and hence remains celibate.
the other main character, narayanappa, a brahmin by birth but one who has rejected the set rules of brahminism by eating meat and by keeping the company of a prostitute named chandri. once narayanappa and his friends catches the sacred fish in the temple tank, cooks, and eats them. this causes the brahmins in the villages to rise up against him. they approach praneshacharya to throw him out of the village. praneshacharya decides against taking this extreme step and he believes that narayanappa can be convinced to get rid of his immoral acts. once narayanappa visits shimoga and he returns to duravasapura with high fever and dies. the brahmins are left in a piquant situation because, according to brahmin principles, a person who dies should be cremated as early as possible. none of the brahmins wants to cremate the body — they feel that by cremating narayanappa's body, they will become polluted as he was against the brahmin principles during his life.
however, the brahmin principles also stipulate that a non-brahmin cannot cremate the body of a brahmin. praneshacharya, being the leader, is responsible for finding the solution to this difficult problem. he reads the holy books, but they do not provide any solution. he then goes to a temple to pray to god and spends a whole day there. disappointed at not being able to solve the problem, he trudges back home. on his way, he encounters chandri. he is mesmerised by her beauty and when he wakes up in the middle of the night, he finds himself lying on chandri's lap. chandri rushes home, finds that narayanappa's body has started to rot, gets it cremated in secrecy, and leaves durvasapura. praneshacharya is left in a piquant situation on whether he has to reveal his immoral act to the people of the village or keep quiet about it. feeling guilty, he leaves the village but the guilt never leaves him. finally deciding to own up to his act, he returns to the village and the story ends there. it's left to the imagination of the viewer on whether praneshacharya owns up or not.
the story was written by u. r. ananthamurthy in 1965, while a student at the university of birmingham for his ph.d. he saw the film "the seventh seal" (1957) by ingmar bergman and was deeply moved by it. his tutor malcolm bradbury suggested he write about his experiences in india concerning the multilayered structure of time in indian society.
after completing the story, he sent the manuscript to girish karnad in india who got in touch with pattabhirami reddy and s. g. vasudev, a painter, both with madras players, a madras-based amateur acting group. impressed by the theme of the story, reddy decided to produce and direct it. vasudev became the art director and also brought in tom cowan, a photographer with the commonwealth documentation division, australia, as the cinematographer. cowan, in turn, brought his friend steven cartaw as the editor. the initial casting for the film was done from the madras players before choosing the rest in bangalore.
the film required a localized dwelling of brahmins as the setting and vasudev found one in vaikunthapura, near sringeri in mysore state (now karnataka). despite intervention from the sringeri sharada peetham, the makers received cooperation from the locals during filming. in an interview with "the times of india" in 2014, ananthamurthy said, "vaikunthapura had a population of pure brahmins. but the women of the agrahara where we shot the movie let tom [cowan] enter the kitchen. if the locals had known the theme, they would have never allowed the shooting to take place. they must have regretted it after the film's release. but the place became famous after the movie". cowan worked for 30 days, shooting 900 shots at an average of 30 shots per day, before the film was completed in a paltry 90,000.
"samskara" was the first kannada film to be directed and produced by pattabhirami reddy who had mainly dealt with telugu films. singeetam srinivasa rao was the executive director of the film. the film was also notable for it was the first kannada film to not use excessive use of cosmetics for the artistes, music and dance, and for being made entirely with an amateur cast, most of whom were poets, writers and journalists. "samskara" was initially banned by the madras censor board in late 1969. it was the first kannada film to receive a ban. the board however gave no reasons for the ban in its letter to the makers. it was later revoked by the union ministry of information and broadcasting.
the democratic and republican left group ( or gdr) is a parliamentary group in the national assembly including representatives of the french communist party (pcf).
the electoral record of the french communist party (pcf) in 2007 was marked by dismal performances, first in the presidential election in which the party's national secretary marie-george buffet stood as a candidate supported by the pcf within the framework of an anti-liberal alliance; she was routed in the first round, receiving just 1.93% of the overall vote, a result deemed "catastrophic" for the party. the party's result in the subsequent legislative elections was similarly middling: though it outpaced the projections of pollsters, which placed it between only 5 and 15 seats, it still fell short of the threshold of 20 deputies, then required for the formation of a parliamentary group in the national assembly. as a result, alain bocquet, outgoing leader of the preceding communist group in the assembly, demanded on 18 june that the requirement for the number of deputies to form a political group be lowered to 15 from 20 then needed, with a total of 15 deputies elected under the pcf label in the legislative elections (not counting pcf dissident maxime gremetz or pcf associate deputies jean-pierre brard and jacques desallangre). bocquet, referring to the recent election of nicolas sarkozy in the presidential election, added "if the president of the republic is a democrat, he will prove it", further arguing that "contrary to all predictions, the conditions for the constitution of a communist group in the national assembly have been met, and their recognition is only a regulatory formality".
during the evening of 17 june, the second round of the legislative elections, buffet issued an appeal to form an "open" group to carry the "people's voice" in the national assembly, singling out the greens (vec) as a potential target. pcf spokesperson olivier dartigolles speculated that the party could secure an alliance "with the non-inscrits, with the elected officials of the dom-tom, with the progressive elected officials of the left", believing that the other forces on the left were sufficient to constitute a parliamentary group. recognizing the predicament of the pcf, ecologist deputy noël mamère proposed that evening that the four members of the greens elected in the legislative elections join the communist deputies in order to provide the necessary support to form a political group in the national assembly, saying that he believed that the green deputies accept the opening proposed by buffet, hoping to sit along the pcf and others on the left in an "autonomous group" in the national assembly, independent of the socialist party (ps); he later added that his invitation was also extended the movement of citizens of jean-pierre chevènement, the radical party of the left (prg), and miscellaneous left. bocuqet on 18 june indicated that "the group was open to the world" but did not signify that it would accept the support of the greens in order to establish a group.
despite this initial outreach to the greens, however, buffet's initiative to form a common group with the greens was ultimately rebuffed, ending the possibility of a "communist, republican and ecologist" group as envisaged by mamère. discussions between mamère, pcf deputy patrick braouezec, and miscellaneous left deputies including gérard charasse were briefly initiated with the apparent support of the leadership of the pcf, which sought to strengthen its position in the assembly and diminish troublemakers within it ranks; however, these ultimately came to no avail, with bocquet believing that an alliance with the greens would be unfeasible during the debates of the grenelle de l'environnement and legislation proposed as a result. maxime gremetz, ousted from the communist federation in the somme and antagonistic towards the national party, made conditional his membership of a parliamentary group contingent on his demand that he and the other communists in the somme excluded from the departmental federation be permitted to rejoin. with 18 total communist deputies, it was therefore necessary to seek two additional deputies for the formation of the group.
unable to pass the threshold of 20 deputies on their own, however, the communists – bocquet in particular – were eventually forced to reopen the door to the greens and prg, with mamère proposing a "radical, communist, and green" group. though the pcf continued to petition for a lowering of the bar for a parliamentary group from 20 to 15 deputies, the necessary change of regulation required the assent of a majority of the national assembly, then controlled by the union for a popular movement (ump). there being no guarantee that this would happen, bocquet said that the communists needed to act with "pragmatism". the democratic and republican left group ("groupe de la gauche démocrate et républicaine") was ultimately formed on 26 june with 24 deputies, jean-claude sandrier becoming its first president; it included the deputies of the pcf (with the exception of andré gerin, who refused to join), four greens, and two miscellaneous left deputies: alfred marie-jeanne for martinique and huguette bello for réunion.
after leaving the ps along with jean-luc mélenchon to co-found the left party, marc dolez left the socialist, radical, citizen and miscellaneous left group to join the gdr group as an associate deputy before becoming a member on 27 january 2009. on 11 july 2010, anny poursinoff of the greens was elected in a by-election in yvelines's 10th constituency, defeating jean-frédéric poisson, thus becoming the 26th member of the gdr group. on 1 september 2010, the green deputy yves cochet took over the presidency of the gdr group. maxime gremetz was expelled from the group on 12 april 2011 after interrupting a parliamentary meeting about the fukushima daiichi nuclear disaster, and subsequently resigned from his seat on 16 may. cochet left the gdr group on 6 december after being designated as an mep, and was replaced by roland muzeau; this decision reflected the dissatisfaction of the left front at the decision of their ecologist partners, now known as europe ecology – the greens (eelv), to present a common candidate with the ps against incumbent françois asensi in seine-saint-denis's 11th constituency. the four ecologist deputies subsequently left the gdr group, cochet departing on 6 december to take his seat as an mep and the three others quitting on 7 december. jacques desallangre left the group on 17 february 2012.
following the 2012 legislative elections, andré chassaigne was designated by the 10 deputies of the left front to form a parliamentary group, with only 15 deputies now required to form a parliamentary group, again raising the possibility of seeking support from "progressive" deputies representing réunion, martinique, and guadeloupe. with the support of two such deputies already confirmed, as previous members of the group, the support of two newly elected deputies in martinique, jean-philippe nilor and bruno nestor azerot, was sought out. the search for the fifteenth deputy proved difficult; though ary chalus of guadeloupe, another newly minted deputy, was expected to join the group, the situation was complicated by chalus's statement on 21 june that he would associate with the socialist group. the continued existence of the group was finally assured with the confirmation that gabriel serville of the guianese socialist party (psg) would sit with the gdr in the assembly, the group now reduced to 15 deputies.
in the 2017 legislative elections, the pcf and la france insoumise, the movement founded by jean-luc mélenchon prior to the presidential election, failed to establish an alliance to run common candidates in the legislative elections. both subsequently decided to form separate parliamentary groups; chassaigne declared that the gdr would continue on 21 june, including 11 of its own deputies and 4 from overseas france, but would not oppose the initiatives of the la france insoumise group. mélenchon's insistence on voting discipline respecting his movement's program proved an obstacle in any potential alliance between the two. at the time of its formation on 27 june, the parliamentary group included 16 deputies.
robert ferro (october 21, 1941 – july 11, 1988) was an american novelist whose semi-autobiographical fiction explored the uneasy integration of homosexuality and traditional american upper middle class values.
he was born in cranford, new jersey and graduated from cranford high school. he went to college at rutgers university and received a master's degree from the university of iowa. in late 1965 ferro met andrew holleran at the iowa writer's workshop. he later lectured at adelphi university.
he was a member of the violet quill.
he died of aids a few months after his partner, michael grumley, in 1988 at his father's home in ho-ho-kus, new jersey, age 46. grumley and ferro are buried together under the ferro-grumley memorial in rockland cemetery, sparkill, new york.
following their deaths, the ferro-grumley foundation, which manages their estate, created and endowed the annual ferro-grumley award for lgbt fiction in conjunction with publishing triangle.
robert ferro's works are especially interested in the phenomena of homosexual integration into the traditional family. love of family is a theme that appears in both "the family of max desir", and "second son" and reflects his traditional italo-american sentiments.
in 1984, ferro told the "cranford chronicle" that the town in his novel "the family of max desir" was a fictionalized version of his hometown, cranford, new jersey. the novel's "indian river" is meant to be the rahway river and acts as "the heart of the town and the center of [the main character's] imagination." "indian park," host to a revived victorian water carnival in "desir," is a fictionalized version of the real-life nomahegan park on the rahway river.
edward j. kasemeyer (born july 18, 1945) is an american politician from maryland and a member of the democratic party. he served for many years in the maryland state senate, most recently representing maryland's district 12 in baltimore and howard counties.
born in baltimore, maryland on july 18, 1945, kasemeyer attended western maryland college. he has been active with the howard county association of retarded citizens, the howard county chamber of commerce, and the howard county general hospital advisory board, as well as in the democratic party.
kasemeyer first served in the senate as a representative of the 14th district from january 1987 to january 1991, after a single term in the maryland house of delegates (elected 1982; served january 1983 to january 1987). running for re-election to the senate in 1990, he narrowly lost to republican christopher j. mccabe. after redistricting changed the district boundaries, he was elected again to the senate in 1994, this time from the 12th district. he was re-elected five times. during part of his tenure, kasemeyer served as the chair of the budget and taxation committee.
robert e. farnan (june 11, 1877 – january 10, 1939) was an american rower who competed in the 1904 summer olympics.
he was born and died in new york city.
in 1904 he won the gold medal in the coxless pairs.