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57327dd5b3a91d1900202dad

Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights. Although both acts were much weaker than subsequent civil rights legislation, they constituted the first significant civil rights acts since 1875.

Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office?

Justice

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights. Although both acts were much weaker than subsequent civil rights legislation, they constituted the first significant civil rights acts since 1875. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Justice </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 341 </ANSWER_INDEX>

57267810dd62a815002e8618

Like most other regions of central and southern Germany, Thuringia has a significant industrial sector reaching back to the mid-19th-century industrialisation. The economic transition after the German reunification in 1990 led to the closure of most large-scale factories and companies, leaving small and medium-sized ones to dominate the manufacturing sector. Well-known industrial centres are Jena (a world centre for optical instruments with companies like Carl Zeiss, Schott and Jenoptik) and Eisenach, where BMW started its car production in the 1920s and an Opel factory is based today. The most important industrial branches today are engineering and metalworking, vehicle production and food industries. Especially the small and mid-sized towns in central and southwestern Thuringia (e.g. Arnstadt, Schmalkalden and Ohrdruf) are highly industrialised, whereas there are fewer industrial companies in the northern and eastern parts of the Land. Traditional industries like production of glass, porcelain and toys collapsed during the economic crises between 1930 and 1990.

How far back does Thuringia's industrial sector go back?

the mid-19th-century industrialisation

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How far back does Thuringia's industrial sector go back? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Like most other regions of central and southern Germany, Thuringia has a significant industrial sector reaching back to the mid-19th-century industrialisation. The economic transition after the German reunification in 1990 led to the closure of most large-scale factories and companies, leaving small and medium-sized ones to dominate the manufacturing sector. Well-known industrial centres are Jena (a world centre for optical instruments with companies like Carl Zeiss, Schott and Jenoptik) and Eisenach, where BMW started its car production in the 1920s and an Opel factory is based today. The most important industrial branches today are engineering and metalworking, vehicle production and food industries. Especially the small and mid-sized towns in central and southwestern Thuringia (e.g. Arnstadt, Schmalkalden and Ohrdruf) are highly industrialised, whereas there are fewer industrial companies in the northern and eastern parts of the Land. Traditional industries like production of glass, porcelain and toys collapsed during the economic crises between 1930 and 1990. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> the mid-19th-century industrialisation </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 120 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a8c7d6ffd22b3001a8d8923

In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete". The inaugural FA Cup tournament kicked off in November 1871. After thirteen games in all, Wanderers were crowned the winners in the final, on 16 March 1872. Wanderers retained the trophy the following year. The modern cup was beginning to be established by the 1888–89 season, when qualifying rounds were introduced.

Who lost the first and second cups?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who lost the first and second cups? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete". The inaugural FA Cup tournament kicked off in November 1871. After thirteen games in all, Wanderers were crowned the winners in the final, on 16 March 1872. Wanderers retained the trophy the following year. The modern cup was beginning to be established by the 1888–89 season, when qualifying rounds were introduced. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad20bdbd7d075001a428255

Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.

Were postmandolins quiet or loud instruments?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Were postmandolins quiet or loud instruments? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad24701d7d075001a428b1b

An example of this theory in action would be as follows: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear). This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state induces a desired emotional state. Some people may believe that emotions give rise to emotion-specific actions: e.g. "I'm crying because I'm sad," or "I ran away because I was scared." The issue with the James–Lange theory is that of causation (bodily states causing emotions and being a priori), not that of the bodily influences on emotional experience (which can be argued and is still quite prevalent today in biofeedback studies and embodiment theory).

What sort of response doesn't the stimulus cause?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What sort of response doesn't the stimulus cause? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> An example of this theory in action would be as follows: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear). This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state induces a desired emotional state. Some people may believe that emotions give rise to emotion-specific actions: e.g. "I'm crying because I'm sad," or "I ran away because I was scared." The issue with the James–Lange theory is that of causation (bodily states causing emotions and being a priori), not that of the bodily influences on emotional experience (which can be argued and is still quite prevalent today in biofeedback studies and embodiment theory). </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5727f4bcff5b5019007d992d

Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.

What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016?

10.7%

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 10.7% </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 173 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572a3f281d04691400779880

The Ottoman Empire or, as a dynastic institution, the House of Osman was unprecedented and unequaled in the Islamic world for its size and duration. In Europe, only the House of Habsburg had a similarly unbroken line of sovereigns (kings/emperors) from the same family who ruled for so long, and during the same period, between the late 13th and early 20th centuries. The Ottoman dynasty was Turkish in origin. On eleven occasions, the sultan was deposed (replaced by another sultan of the Ottoman dynasty, who were either the former sultan's brother, son or nephew) because he was perceived by his enemies as a threat to the state. There were only two attempts in Ottoman history to unseat the ruling Ottoman dynasty, both failures, which suggests a political system that for an extended period was able to manage its revolutions without unnecessary instability. As such, the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI (r. 1918–1922) was a direct patrilineal (male-line) descendant of the first Ottoman sultan Osman I (r. 1299–1326), which was unparallelled in both Europe (e.g. the male line of the House of Habsburg became extinct in 1740) and in the Islamic world. The primary purpose of the Imperial Harem was to ensure the birth of male heirs to the Ottoman throne and secure the continuation of the direct patrilineal (male-line) descendance of the Ottoman sultans.

How many times was the the sitting sultan in the House of Osman removed?

eleven occasions

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How many times was the the sitting sultan in the House of Osman removed? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Ottoman Empire or, as a dynastic institution, the House of Osman was unprecedented and unequaled in the Islamic world for its size and duration. In Europe, only the House of Habsburg had a similarly unbroken line of sovereigns (kings/emperors) from the same family who ruled for so long, and during the same period, between the late 13th and early 20th centuries. The Ottoman dynasty was Turkish in origin. On eleven occasions, the sultan was deposed (replaced by another sultan of the Ottoman dynasty, who were either the former sultan's brother, son or nephew) because he was perceived by his enemies as a threat to the state. There were only two attempts in Ottoman history to unseat the ruling Ottoman dynasty, both failures, which suggests a political system that for an extended period was able to manage its revolutions without unnecessary instability. As such, the last Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI (r. 1918–1922) was a direct patrilineal (male-line) descendant of the first Ottoman sultan Osman I (r. 1299–1326), which was unparallelled in both Europe (e.g. the male line of the House of Habsburg became extinct in 1740) and in the Islamic world. The primary purpose of the Imperial Harem was to ensure the birth of male heirs to the Ottoman throne and secure the continuation of the direct patrilineal (male-line) descendance of the Ottoman sultans. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> eleven occasions </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 414 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad41708604f3c001a400367

Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Charleston isn't located on what harbor?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Charleston isn't located on what harbor? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean." </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

573137fba5e9cc1400cdbd18

As the Industrial Revolution spread across Europe, chemists and manufacturers sought new red dyes that could be used for large-scale manufacture of textiles. One popular color imported into Europe from Turkey and India in the 18th and early 19th century was Turkey red, known in France as rouge d'Adrinople. Beginning in the 1740s, this bright red color was used to dye or print cotton textiles in England, the Netherlands and France. Turkey red used madder as the colorant, but the process was longer and more complicated, involving multiple soaking of the fabrics in lye, olive oil, sheep's dung, and other ingredients. The fabric was more expensive but resulted in a fine bright and lasting red, similar to carmine, perfectly suited to cotton. The fabric was widely exported from Europe to Africa, the Middle East and America. In 19th century America, it was widely used in making the traditional patchwork quilt.

What other pigment was Turkey red compared to?

carmine

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What other pigment was Turkey red compared to? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> As the Industrial Revolution spread across Europe, chemists and manufacturers sought new red dyes that could be used for large-scale manufacture of textiles. One popular color imported into Europe from Turkey and India in the 18th and early 19th century was Turkey red, known in France as rouge d'Adrinople. Beginning in the 1740s, this bright red color was used to dye or print cotton textiles in England, the Netherlands and France. Turkey red used madder as the colorant, but the process was longer and more complicated, involving multiple soaking of the fabrics in lye, olive oil, sheep's dung, and other ingredients. The fabric was more expensive but resulted in a fine bright and lasting red, similar to carmine, perfectly suited to cotton. The fabric was widely exported from Europe to Africa, the Middle East and America. In 19th century America, it was widely used in making the traditional patchwork quilt. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> carmine </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 710 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad3ede9604f3c001a3ff7cf

Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby". The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale.

What character in The Great Gatsby read editorials for the Yale News?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What character in The Great Gatsby read editorials for the Yale News? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby". The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56e79e9200c9c71400d773df

The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches an audience of at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publications

How big is the Daily Kansan's audience?

at least 30,000

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How big is the Daily Kansan's audience? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches an audience of at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publications </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> at least 30,000 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 133 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572ea78ec246551400ce447a

Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. After Abu Bakr, Hafsa bint Umar, Muhammad's widow, was entrusted with the manuscript. In about 650, the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (d. 656) began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Quran as Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula into Persia, the Levant, and North Africa. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard copy of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death, the Quran was committed to written form. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.

Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized?

Uthman ibn Affan

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. After Abu Bakr, Hafsa bint Umar, Muhammad's widow, was entrusted with the manuscript. In about 650, the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (d. 656) began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Quran as Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula into Persia, the Levant, and North Africa. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard copy of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death, the Quran was committed to written form. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Uthman ibn Affan </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 935 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5acebc7c32bba1001ae4b249

Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to the Islamic state. Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legal disabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims. Many of the disabilities were highly symbolic. The one described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic. On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession.

Who had a superior status under Muslim rule?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who had a superior status under Muslim rule? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to the Islamic state. Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legal disabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims. Many of the disabilities were highly symbolic. The one described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic. On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ace5ccb32bba1001ae4a406

In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., although Clarmac was more widely used.[note 1] However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915. The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.

What happened to the Clarmac Company in 1917?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What happened to the Clarmac Company in 1917? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., although Clarmac was more widely used.[note 1] However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915. The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a863032b4e223001a8e74b9

In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population according to a 2009 estimate from the World Factbook.

How many people read Demoskop Weekly in 2004?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How many people read Demoskop Weekly in 2004? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population according to a 2009 estimate from the World Factbook. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5727e1424b864d1900163f23

The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language. The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used. There is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade. Graduates are fluent speakers of the language. Several universities offer Cherokee as a second language, including the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern State University.

What percent of Cherokee people are desired to be fluent in Cherokee?

80% or more

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What percent of Cherokee people are desired to be fluent in Cherokee? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language. The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used. There is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade. Graduates are fluent speakers of the language. Several universities offer Cherokee as a second language, including the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern State University. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 80% or more </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 333 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a5fd1bbeae51e001ab14c8e

Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed] But by the end of the decade, Marvel's fortunes were reviving, thanks to the rise of direct market distribution—selling through those same comics-specialty stores instead of newsstands.

How much later were specialty comic book stores reselling titles?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How much later were specialty comic book stores reselling titles? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed] But by the end of the decade, Marvel's fortunes were reviving, thanks to the rise of direct market distribution—selling through those same comics-specialty stores instead of newsstands. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad1926d645df0001a2d1ff8

There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between the luminous efficacy and color rendering. For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficacy (120 lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. However, although tetrachromatic white LEDs have excellent color rendering capability, they often have poor luminous efficacy. Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficacy (>70 lm/W) and fair color rendering capability.

What is one type of solo-color white LED?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What is one type of solo-color white LED? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between the luminous efficacy and color rendering. For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficacy (120 lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. However, although tetrachromatic white LEDs have excellent color rendering capability, they often have poor luminous efficacy. Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficacy (>70 lm/W) and fair color rendering capability. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56e78a2e00c9c71400d77272

In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'été in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to "ora solare", solar time, in winter.

What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as "legal time"?

ora legale

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as "legal time"? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in Spain and heure d'été in France, whereas in Italy the term is ora legale, that is, legal time (legally enforced time) as opposed to "ora solare", solar time, in winter. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> ora legale </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 383 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a3e9fbf5a76c5001a3a83c5

After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.

What Catherdral was built prior to the reconquest?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What Catherdral was built prior to the reconquest? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The Kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

57310a3305b4da19006bcd08

Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence: In Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990. Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush. The use of open areas close to residential land to urinate and defecate is very common and has been identified as a major health hazard.

Most residential areas are insufficient in what area of Namibia?

sanitation

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Most residential areas are insufficient in what area of Namibia? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence: In Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990. Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush. The use of open areas close to residential land to urinate and defecate is very common and has been identified as a major health hazard. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> sanitation </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 61 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56f9f8dc8f12f31900630025

Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausible etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock.

What does 'soo and maal' mean in English?

go and milk

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What does 'soo and maal' mean in English? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausible etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> go and milk </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 226 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a07f1fa3fc874001820709c

High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.

What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5acd72b107355d001abf42ba

Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values or ideals that govern all educational choices in that system. Such choices include curriculum, organizational models, design of the physical learning spaces (e.g. classrooms), student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size, educational activities, and more.

Who guides the students in an informal environment?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who guides the students in an informal environment? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values or ideals that govern all educational choices in that system. Such choices include curriculum, organizational models, design of the physical learning spaces (e.g. classrooms), student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size, educational activities, and more. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad4fde95b96ef001a10a8b3

Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and raised red flags. The new government called in the French Army to put down the uprising, the first of many such confrontations between the army and the new worker's movements in Europe.

Who published the Communist Manifesto in 1884?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who published the Communist Manifesto in 1884? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and raised red flags. The new government called in the French Army to put down the uprising, the first of many such confrontations between the army and the new worker's movements in Europe. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

57267a20708984140094c763

All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. Baltimore had four major department stores: Hutzler's was the prestige leader, followed by Hecht's, Hochschild's and Stewart's. They all operated branches in the suburbs, but all closed in the late twentieth century. By 2015, most locally owned department stores around the country had been consolidated into larger chains, or had closed down entirely.

When did Garfinckel's begin operating in Washington?

1905

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When did Garfinckel's begin operating in Washington? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. Baltimore had four major department stores: Hutzler's was the prestige leader, followed by Hecht's, Hochschild's and Stewart's. They all operated branches in the suburbs, but all closed in the late twentieth century. By 2015, most locally owned department stores around the country had been consolidated into larger chains, or had closed down entirely. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 1905 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 244 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a8caa9ffd22b3001a8d8cfa

The existence of a "global carrying capacity", limiting the amount of life that can live at once, is debated, as is the question of whether such a limit would also cap the number of species. While records of life in the sea shows a logistic pattern of growth, life on land (insects, plants and tetrapods)shows an exponential rise in diversity. As one author states, "Tetrapods have not yet invaded 64 per cent of potentially habitable modes, and it could be that without human influence the ecological and taxonomic diversity of tetrapods would continue to increase in an exponential fashion until most or all of the available ecospace is filled."

What type of animal shows an exponential pattern of growth?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What type of animal shows an exponential pattern of growth? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The existence of a "global carrying capacity", limiting the amount of life that can live at once, is debated, as is the question of whether such a limit would also cap the number of species. While records of life in the sea shows a logistic pattern of growth, life on land (insects, plants and tetrapods)shows an exponential rise in diversity. As one author states, "Tetrapods have not yet invaded 64 per cent of potentially habitable modes, and it could be that without human influence the ecological and taxonomic diversity of tetrapods would continue to increase in an exponential fashion until most or all of the available ecospace is filled." </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5acd5e3407355d001abf3f27

As of the 2000 United States census, there were 276,093 persons (July 2008 estimate was 380,173) and 61,371 families residing in Raleigh. The population density was 2,409.2 people per square mile (930.2/km²). There were 120,699 housing units at an average density of 1,053.2 per square mile (406.7/km²). The racial composition of the city was: 63.31% White, 27.80% Black or African American, 7.01% Hispanic or Latino American, 3.38% Asian American, 0.36% Native American, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 3.24% some other race, and 1.88% two or more races.

How many housing units were destroyed in Raleigh?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How many housing units were destroyed in Raleigh? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> As of the 2000 United States census, there were 276,093 persons (July 2008 estimate was 380,173) and 61,371 families residing in Raleigh. The population density was 2,409.2 people per square mile (930.2/km²). There were 120,699 housing units at an average density of 1,053.2 per square mile (406.7/km²). The racial composition of the city was: 63.31% White, 27.80% Black or African American, 7.01% Hispanic or Latino American, 3.38% Asian American, 0.36% Native American, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 3.24% some other race, and 1.88% two or more races. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572698c9f1498d1400e8e4a1

The term "Late Middle Ages" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire (1439–1453). Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period (1683).

When was Leonardo Bruni's "History of the Florentine People" published?

1442

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When was Leonardo Bruni's "History of the Florentine People" published? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The term "Late Middle Ages" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire (1439–1453). Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period (1683). </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 1442 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 254 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56f95c439b226e1400dd13a9

In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit.

What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls?

the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 43 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56cda75062d2951400fa67c4

Twilight Princess was released to universal critical acclaim and commercial success. It received perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and 95 for the Wii version and scores of 95% and 96 for the GameCube version. GameTrailers in their review called it one of the greatest games ever created.

What kind of scores did Twilight Princess receive from many video game review sources?

perfect

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What kind of scores did Twilight Princess receive from many video game review sources? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Twilight Princess was released to universal critical acclaim and commercial success. It received perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and 95 for the Wii version and scores of 95% and 96 for the GameCube version. GameTrailers in their review called it one of the greatest games ever created. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> perfect </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 97 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a5551b9134fea001a0e1a21

Clickjacking, also known as "UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack", is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks a user into clicking on a button or link on another webpage while the user intended to click on the top level page. This is done using multiple transparent or opaque layers. The attacker is basically "hijacking" the clicks meant for the top level page and routing them to some other irrelevant page, most likely owned by someone else. A similar technique can be used to hijack keystrokes. Carefully drafting a combination of stylesheets, iframes, buttons and text boxes, a user can be led into believing that they are typing the password or other information on some authentic webpage while it is being channeled into an invisible frame controlled by the attacker.

What else can be hijacked through UI redress?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What else can be hijacked through UI redress? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Clickjacking, also known as "UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack", is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks a user into clicking on a button or link on another webpage while the user intended to click on the top level page. This is done using multiple transparent or opaque layers. The attacker is basically "hijacking" the clicks meant for the top level page and routing them to some other irrelevant page, most likely owned by someone else. A similar technique can be used to hijack keystrokes. Carefully drafting a combination of stylesheets, iframes, buttons and text boxes, a user can be led into believing that they are typing the password or other information on some authentic webpage while it is being channeled into an invisible frame controlled by the attacker. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572838bcff5b5019007d9f6c

There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, "He Who Is", "I Am that I Am", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, "Al-El", or "Al-Elah" ("the God") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism.

In the time of Atenism, what was God called?

Aten

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> In the time of Atenism, what was God called? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, "He Who Is", "I Am that I Am", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, "Al-El", or "Al-Elah" ("the God") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Aten </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 244 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572819772ca10214002d9dce

In Australia, a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001. In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to. However, it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house. The error arose because two bills of the same title had originated from the house. The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed. The same procedure was followed to correct a similar error which arose in 2001.

The bill from the Australian House of Representatives was mistakenly sent and assented to by whom in 1976?

Governor-General

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> The bill from the Australian House of Representatives was mistakenly sent and assented to by whom in 1976? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In Australia, a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001. In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to. However, it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house. The error arose because two bills of the same title had originated from the house. The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed. The same procedure was followed to correct a similar error which arose in 2001. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Governor-General </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 175 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572fdc43947a6a140053cd76

In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: "river". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: "flow, river", da:-nu: "any moving liquid, drops", da: navo "people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC).

What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?

A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: "river". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: "flow, river", da:-nu: "any moving liquid, drops", da: navo "people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC). </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 1601 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56df609296943c1400a5d476

Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.

How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?

80,000 to 70,000 years ago

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 80,000 to 70,000 years ago </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 80 </ANSWER_INDEX>

570640a275f01819005e7ac9

A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space. As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates up to 320 kbit/s are widespread.

The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio?

11:1

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space. As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates up to 320 kbit/s are widespread. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 11:1 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 258 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56dd310066d3e219004dac3e

Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.

The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers?

federal and provincial first ministers

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> federal and provincial first ministers </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 443 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5acda5cd07355d001abf48b9

Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles. The British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly (Irish: Tionól Pharlaiminteach na Breataine agus na hÉireann) predates the British–Irish Council and was established in 1990. Originally it comprised 25 members of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament, and 25 members of the parliament of the United Kingdom, with the purpose of building mutual understanding between members of both legislatures. Since then the role and scope of the body has been expanded to include representatives from the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the States of Jersey, the States of Guernsey and the High Court of Tynwald (Isle of Man).

Establishing a mutual understanding between Britain and Ireland is the purpose of what body?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Establishing a mutual understanding between Britain and Ireland is the purpose of what body? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles. The British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly (Irish: Tionól Pharlaiminteach na Breataine agus na hÉireann) predates the British–Irish Council and was established in 1990. Originally it comprised 25 members of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament, and 25 members of the parliament of the United Kingdom, with the purpose of building mutual understanding between members of both legislatures. Since then the role and scope of the body has been expanded to include representatives from the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the States of Jersey, the States of Guernsey and the High Court of Tynwald (Isle of Man). </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

57324c9fe99e3014001e6670

Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive".

What are Jehovah Witnesses probably best known for by outsiders?

their efforts to spread their beliefs

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What are Jehovah Witnesses probably best known for by outsiders? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive". </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> their efforts to spread their beliefs </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 47 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a81f51431013a001a334fdb

Exchanging "+" and "−" in the expression, i.e. permuting the two solutions of the equation can be viewed as a (very simple) group operation. Similar formulae are known for cubic and quartic equations, but do not exist in general for degree 5 and higher. Abstract properties of Galois groups associated with polynomials (in particular their solvability) give a criterion for polynomials that have all their solutions expressible by radicals, i.e. solutions expressible using solely addition, multiplication, and roots similar to the formula above.

Which group cannot be expressed using radicals?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Which group cannot be expressed using radicals? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Exchanging "+" and "−" in the expression, i.e. permuting the two solutions of the equation can be viewed as a (very simple) group operation. Similar formulae are known for cubic and quartic equations, but do not exist in general for degree 5 and higher. Abstract properties of Galois groups associated with polynomials (in particular their solvability) give a criterion for polynomials that have all their solutions expressible by radicals, i.e. solutions expressible using solely addition, multiplication, and roots similar to the formula above. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5726776e5951b619008f7389

From the first established world championship, the top professional wrestlers have garnered fame within mainstream society. Each successive generation has produced a number of wrestlers who extend their careers into the realms of music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking, and are known to those who are unfamiliar with wrestling in general. Conversely, celebrities from other sports or general pop culture also become involved with wrestling for brief periods of time. A prime example of this is The Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection of the 1980s, which combined wrestling with MTV.

What are some other career paths wrestlers embarked on?

music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What are some other career paths wrestlers embarked on? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> From the first established world championship, the top professional wrestlers have garnered fame within mainstream society. Each successive generation has produced a number of wrestlers who extend their careers into the realms of music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking, and are known to those who are unfamiliar with wrestling in general. Conversely, celebrities from other sports or general pop culture also become involved with wrestling for brief periods of time. A prime example of this is The Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection of the 1980s, which combined wrestling with MTV. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 230 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad41aaa604f3c001a4004d6

Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

What has Virginia long had close ties with?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What has Virginia long had close ties with? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a0f1b18d7c8500018864586

From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land + inland water only). The listed total area changed to 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi) in 1997 (Great Lakes area and coastal waters added), to 9,631,418 km2 (3,718,711 sq mi) in 2004, to 9,631,420 km2 (3,718,710 sq mi) in 2006, and to 9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi) in 2007 (territorial waters added). Currently, the CIA World Factbook gives 9,826,675 km2 (3,794,100 sq mi), the United Nations Statistics Division gives 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi), and the Encyclopædia Britannica gives 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi)(Great Lakes area included but not coastal waters). These source consider only the 50 states and the Federal District, and exclude overseas territories.

Currently the World encyclopedia mileage of the United States is what?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Currently the World encyclopedia mileage of the United States is what? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land + inland water only). The listed total area changed to 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi) in 1997 (Great Lakes area and coastal waters added), to 9,631,418 km2 (3,718,711 sq mi) in 2004, to 9,631,420 km2 (3,718,710 sq mi) in 2006, and to 9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi) in 2007 (territorial waters added). Currently, the CIA World Factbook gives 9,826,675 km2 (3,794,100 sq mi), the United Nations Statistics Division gives 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi), and the Encyclopædia Britannica gives 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi)(Great Lakes area included but not coastal waters). These source consider only the 50 states and the Federal District, and exclude overseas territories. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5728df1b2ca10214002da9f7

Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo, and to challenge Apollo, the god of the kithara, to a trial of skill. Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes, and with his rustic melody gave great satisfaction to himself and his faithful follower, Midas, who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. He dissented and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer, and caused them to become the ears of a donkey.

Who was a faithful follower of Pan?

Midas

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who was a faithful follower of Pan? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo, and to challenge Apollo, the god of the kithara, to a trial of skill. Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes, and with his rustic melody gave great satisfaction to himself and his faithful follower, Midas, who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. He dissented and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer, and caused them to become the ears of a donkey. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Midas </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 298 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56d37bf859d6e414001464f4

Michael Lynche was the lowest vote getter at top nine and was given the Judges' Save. The next week Katie Stevens and Andrew Garcia were eliminated. That week, Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor, the first Idol alum to do so. Idol Gives Back returned this season on April 21, 2010, and raised $45 million.

At what point did the judges use their save on American Idols ninth season?

top nine

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> At what point did the judges use their save on American Idols ninth season? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Michael Lynche was the lowest vote getter at top nine and was given the Judges' Save. The next week Katie Stevens and Andrew Garcia were eliminated. That week, Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor, the first Idol alum to do so. Idol Gives Back returned this season on April 21, 2010, and raised $45 million. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> top nine </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 45 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5727ca7a2ca10214002d9657

Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.

What is the railway tunnel to Canada called?

Michigan Central Railway Tunnel

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What is the railway tunnel to Canada called? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Michigan Central Railway Tunnel </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 134 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572ffa51947a6a140053ced6

While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters. But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October.

When did the OKL switch to night raids?

7 October

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When did the OKL switch to night raids? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters. But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 7 October </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 600 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5730f42ea5e9cc1400cdbb3e

The Kalahari Desert, an arid region shared with South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features. The Kalahari, while popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas. One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; Approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo. The reason behind this high productivity and endemism may be the relatively stable nature of precipitation.

How many of the worlds succulents are found in Karoo?

10 percent

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How many of the worlds succulents are found in Karoo? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Kalahari Desert, an arid region shared with South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features. The Kalahari, while popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas. One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; Approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo. The reason behind this high productivity and endemism may be the relatively stable nature of precipitation. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 10 percent </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 404 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56f8d0969e9bad19000a0589

DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur.:7.6 The error rate in eukaryotic cells can be as low as 10−8 per nucleotide per replication, whereas for some RNA viruses it can be as high as 10−3. This means that each generation, each human genome accumulates 1–2 new mutations. Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted. Either of these mutations can change the gene by missense (change a codon to encode a different amino acid) or nonsense (a premature stop codon). Larger mutations can be caused by errors in recombination to cause chromosomal abnormalities including the duplication, deletion, rearrangement or inversion of large sections of a chromosome. Additionally, the DNA repair mechanisms that normally revert mutations can introduce errors when repairing the physical damage to the molecule is more important than restoring an exact copy, for example when repairing double-strand breaks.:5.4

What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells?

10−8 per nucleotide per replication

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur.:7.6 The error rate in eukaryotic cells can be as low as 10−8 per nucleotide per replication, whereas for some RNA viruses it can be as high as 10−3. This means that each generation, each human genome accumulates 1–2 new mutations. Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted. Either of these mutations can change the gene by missense (change a codon to encode a different amino acid) or nonsense (a premature stop codon). Larger mutations can be caused by errors in recombination to cause chromosomal abnormalities including the duplication, deletion, rearrangement or inversion of large sections of a chromosome. Additionally, the DNA repair mechanisms that normally revert mutations can introduce errors when repairing the physical damage to the molecule is more important than restoring an exact copy, for example when repairing double-strand breaks.:5.4 </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 10−8 per nucleotide per replication </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 150 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f1

The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".

When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President". </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a76ff462d6d7f001a4a9f0a

In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas. A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836, the now largely "American" Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state. Per the 1850 U.S. census, fewer than 16,000 Texans were of Mexican descent, and nearly all were Spanish-speaking people (both Mexicans and non-Spanish European settlers who include German Texan) who were outnumbered (six-to-one) by English-speaking settlers (both Americans and other immigrant Europeans).[citation needed]

When did Spain become a state?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When did Spain become a state? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas. A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836, the now largely "American" Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state. Per the 1850 U.S. census, fewer than 16,000 Texans were of Mexican descent, and nearly all were Spanish-speaking people (both Mexicans and non-Spanish European settlers who include German Texan) who were outnumbered (six-to-one) by English-speaking settlers (both Americans and other immigrant Europeans).[citation needed] </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572eae2203f989190075692c

An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain the occupancy of the populations of small objects observed in the trans-Neptunian region. The current most widely accepted explanation of the details of this hypothesis is known as the Nice model, which explores the effect of a migrating Neptune and the other giant planets on the structure of the Kuiper belt.

What does The Nice model consider effected the migration of Neptune?

Kuiper belt.

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What does The Nice model consider effected the migration of Neptune? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain the occupancy of the populations of small objects observed in the trans-Neptunian region. The current most widely accepted explanation of the details of this hypothesis is known as the Nice model, which explores the effect of a migrating Neptune and the other giant planets on the structure of the Kuiper belt. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Kuiper belt. </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 601 </ANSWER_INDEX>

57283d5cff5b5019007d9fb7

for any constant c. Matrix groups over these fields fall under this regime, as do adele rings and adelic algebraic groups, which are basic to number theory. Galois groups of infinite field extensions such as the absolute Galois group can also be equipped with a topology, the so-called Krull topology, which in turn is central to generalize the above sketched connection of fields and groups to infinite field extensions. An advanced generalization of this idea, adapted to the needs of algebraic geometry, is the étale fundamental group.

What group is an advanced observation of infinite field extensions and groups that is adapted for the needs of algebraic geometry?

the étale fundamental group

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What group is an advanced observation of infinite field extensions and groups that is adapted for the needs of algebraic geometry? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> for any constant c. Matrix groups over these fields fall under this regime, as do adele rings and adelic algebraic groups, which are basic to number theory. Galois groups of infinite field extensions such as the absolute Galois group can also be equipped with a topology, the so-called Krull topology, which in turn is central to generalize the above sketched connection of fields and groups to infinite field extensions. An advanced generalization of this idea, adapted to the needs of algebraic geometry, is the étale fundamental group. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> the étale fundamental group </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 510 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56cfe7f4234ae51400d9c05f

Chopin made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall on 16 November 1848, when, in a final patriotic gesture, he played for the benefit of Polish refugees. By this time he was very seriously ill, weighing under 99 pounds (i.e. less than 45 kg), and his doctors were aware that his sickness was at a terminal stage.

When did Chopin last appear in public?

16 November 1848

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When did Chopin last appear in public? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Chopin made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall on 16 November 1848, when, in a final patriotic gesture, he played for the benefit of Polish refugees. By this time he was very seriously ill, weighing under 99 pounds (i.e. less than 45 kg), and his doctors were aware that his sickness was at a terminal stage. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 16 November 1848 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 86 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a106921decec90018475648

Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the Kreuz-Church-Quarter around the Kreuz Church with many nice little lanes. Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre. On the edge of the Old Town are the Market Hall, the Leine Palace, and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the Marstall Gate you arrive at the bank of the river Leine, where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located. They are part of the Mile of Sculptures, which starts from Trammplatz, leads along the river bank, crosses Königsworther Square, and ends at the entrance of the Georgengarten. Near the Old Town is the district of Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic Basilica Minor of St. Clemens, the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis are located.

What starts at the Trammplatz and stops at the river bank?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What starts at the Trammplatz and stops at the river bank? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the Kreuz-Church-Quarter around the Kreuz Church with many nice little lanes. Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre. On the edge of the Old Town are the Market Hall, the Leine Palace, and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the Marstall Gate you arrive at the bank of the river Leine, where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located. They are part of the Mile of Sculptures, which starts from Trammplatz, leads along the river bank, crosses Königsworther Square, and ends at the entrance of the Georgengarten. Near the Old Town is the district of Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic Basilica Minor of St. Clemens, the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis are located. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56d0bc53234ae51400d9c42c

The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency".

What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect?

pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起)

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency". </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 16 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a7222ad0efcfe001a8afe3e

The Bush administration then turned its attention to Iraq, and argued the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent. Among the stated reasons were that Saddam's regime had tried to acquire nuclear material and had not properly accounted for biological and chemical material it was known to have previously possessed, and believed to still maintain. Both the possession of these weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and the failure to account for them, would violate the U.N. sanctions. The assertion about WMD was hotly advanced by the Bush administration from the beginning, but other major powers including China, France, Germany, and Russia remained unconvinced that Iraq was a threat and refused to allow passage of a UN Security Council resolution to authorize the use of force. Iraq permitted UN weapon inspectors in November 2002, who were continuing their work to assess the WMD claim when the Bush administration decided to proceed with war without UN authorization and told the inspectors to leave the country. The United States invaded Iraq on March 20, 2003, along with a "coalition of the willing" that consisted of additional troops from the United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent, from Australia and Poland. Within about three weeks, the invasion caused the collapse of both the Iraqi government and its armed forces, however, the U.S. and allied forces failed to find any weapon of mass destruction in Iraq. Traces of former materials and weapons labs were reported to have been located, but no "smoking guns". Nevertheless, on May 1, George W. Bush landed on the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, in a Lockheed S-3 Viking, where he gave a speech announcing the end of "major combat operations" in the Iraq War. Bush's approval rating in May was at 66%, according to a CNN–USA Today–Gallup poll. However, Bush's high approval ratings did not last. First, while the war itself was popular in the U.S., the reconstruction and attempted "democratization" of Iraq lost some support as months passed and casualty figures increased, with no decrease in violence nor progress toward stability or reconstruction. Second, as investigators combed through the country, they failed to find the predicted WMD stockpiles, which led to debate over the rationale for the war.

What had Russia not properly accounted for in 2002?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What had Russia not properly accounted for in 2002? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Bush administration then turned its attention to Iraq, and argued the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent. Among the stated reasons were that Saddam's regime had tried to acquire nuclear material and had not properly accounted for biological and chemical material it was known to have previously possessed, and believed to still maintain. Both the possession of these weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and the failure to account for them, would violate the U.N. sanctions. The assertion about WMD was hotly advanced by the Bush administration from the beginning, but other major powers including China, France, Germany, and Russia remained unconvinced that Iraq was a threat and refused to allow passage of a UN Security Council resolution to authorize the use of force. Iraq permitted UN weapon inspectors in November 2002, who were continuing their work to assess the WMD claim when the Bush administration decided to proceed with war without UN authorization and told the inspectors to leave the country. The United States invaded Iraq on March 20, 2003, along with a "coalition of the willing" that consisted of additional troops from the United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent, from Australia and Poland. Within about three weeks, the invasion caused the collapse of both the Iraqi government and its armed forces, however, the U.S. and allied forces failed to find any weapon of mass destruction in Iraq. Traces of former materials and weapons labs were reported to have been located, but no "smoking guns". Nevertheless, on May 1, George W. Bush landed on the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, in a Lockheed S-3 Viking, where he gave a speech announcing the end of "major combat operations" in the Iraq War. Bush's approval rating in May was at 66%, according to a CNN–USA Today–Gallup poll. However, Bush's high approval ratings did not last. First, while the war itself was popular in the U.S., the reconstruction and attempted "democratization" of Iraq lost some support as months passed and casualty figures increased, with no decrease in violence nor progress toward stability or reconstruction. Second, as investigators combed through the country, they failed to find the predicted WMD stockpiles, which led to debate over the rationale for the war. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5728d4d3ff5b5019007da7bc

Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is located in the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in downtown Detroit. The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave. in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, in downtown Detroit. The city is home to the Thirty-Sixth District Court, as well as the First District of the Michigan Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The city provides law enforcement through the Detroit Police Department and emergency services through the Detroit Fire Department.

Which District Court is Detroit home to?

Thirty-Sixth

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Which District Court is Detroit home to? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is located in the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in downtown Detroit. The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave. in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, in downtown Detroit. The city is home to the Thirty-Sixth District Court, as well as the First District of the Michigan Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The city provides law enforcement through the Detroit Police Department and emergency services through the Detroit Fire Department. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Thirty-Sixth </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 310 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5726d4285951b619008f7f44

Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate). The Head of State until 2007, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II, was a Bahá'í convert. Samoa hosts one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State, it is located in Tiapapata, 8 km (5 mi) from Apia.

What Samoan Head of State might have worshiped at the Bahá'í House of Worship?

His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What Samoan Head of State might have worshiped at the Bahá'í House of Worship? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate). The Head of State until 2007, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II, was a Bahá'í convert. Samoa hosts one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State, it is located in Tiapapata, 8 km (5 mi) from Apia. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 334 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5731309ce6313a140071cce8

Vladimir's choice of Eastern Christianity may also have reflected his close personal ties with Constantinople, which dominated the Black Sea and hence trade on Kiev's most vital commercial route, the Dnieper River. Adherence to the Eastern Church had long-range political, cultural, and religious consequences. The church had a liturgy written in Cyrillic and a corpus of translations from Greek that had been produced for the Slavic peoples. This literature facilitated the conversion to Christianity of the Eastern Slavs and introduced them to rudimentary Greek philosophy, science, and historiography without the necessity of learning Greek (there were some merchants who did business with Greeks and likely had an understanding of contemporary business Greek). In contrast, educated people in medieval Western and Central Europe learned Latin. Enjoying independence from the Roman authority and free from tenets of Latin learning, the East Slavs developed their own literature and fine arts, quite distinct from those of other Eastern Orthodox countries.[citation needed] (See Old East Slavic language and Architecture of Kievan Rus for details ). Following the Great Schism of 1054, the Rus' church maintained communion with both Rome and Constantinople for some time, but along with most of the Eastern churches it eventually split to follow the Eastern Orthodox. That being said, unlike other parts of the Greek world, Kievan Rus' did not have a strong hostility to the Western world.

What was considered too be Kiev's most important route for trade?

Dnieper River

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What was considered too be Kiev's most important route for trade? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Vladimir's choice of Eastern Christianity may also have reflected his close personal ties with Constantinople, which dominated the Black Sea and hence trade on Kiev's most vital commercial route, the Dnieper River. Adherence to the Eastern Church had long-range political, cultural, and religious consequences. The church had a liturgy written in Cyrillic and a corpus of translations from Greek that had been produced for the Slavic peoples. This literature facilitated the conversion to Christianity of the Eastern Slavs and introduced them to rudimentary Greek philosophy, science, and historiography without the necessity of learning Greek (there were some merchants who did business with Greeks and likely had an understanding of contemporary business Greek). In contrast, educated people in medieval Western and Central Europe learned Latin. Enjoying independence from the Roman authority and free from tenets of Latin learning, the East Slavs developed their own literature and fine arts, quite distinct from those of other Eastern Orthodox countries.[citation needed] (See Old East Slavic language and Architecture of Kievan Rus for details ). Following the Great Schism of 1054, the Rus' church maintained communion with both Rome and Constantinople for some time, but along with most of the Eastern churches it eventually split to follow the Eastern Orthodox. That being said, unlike other parts of the Greek world, Kievan Rus' did not have a strong hostility to the Western world. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Dnieper River </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 200 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56db64ace7c41114004b5074

Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s. iTunes sponsored the show since season seven.

How much did it cost each company for the first season?

10 million

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How much did it cost each company for the first season? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s. iTunes sponsored the show since season seven. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 10 million </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 136 </ANSWER_INDEX>

57266a39dd62a815002e842b

In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson; they had two children, Jennifer (born 1967) and Mario (born 1968). At this point, Madonna started to resent him for decades, and developed a rebellious attitude. She attended St. Frederick's and St. Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and West Middle School. Madonna was known for her high grade point average, and achieved notoriety for her unconventional behavior. She would perform cartwheels and handstands in the hallways between classes, dangle by her knees from the monkey bars during recess, and pull up her skirt during class—all so that the boys could see her underwear.

Name one child from the union of Tony and Joan?

Mario

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Name one child from the union of Tony and Joan? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson; they had two children, Jennifer (born 1967) and Mario (born 1968). At this point, Madonna started to resent him for decades, and developed a rebellious attitude. She attended St. Frederick's and St. Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and West Middle School. Madonna was known for her high grade point average, and achieved notoriety for her unconventional behavior. She would perform cartwheels and handstands in the hallways between classes, dangle by her knees from the monkey bars during recess, and pull up her skirt during class—all so that the boys could see her underwear. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Mario </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 111 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572ab4c1f75d5e190021fc5f

Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city.

Name a hip/hop artist from the city?

The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Name a hip/hop artist from the city? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 783 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5726e9e75951b619008f8252

The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. A second round of character simplifications (known as erjian, or "second round simplified characters") was promulgated in 1977. It was poorly received, and in 1986 the authorities rescinded the second round completely, while making six revisions to the 1964 list, including the restoration of three traditional characters that had been simplified: 叠 dié, 覆 fù, 像 xiàng.

When was a second round announced?

1977

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When was a second round announced? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. A second round of character simplifications (known as erjian, or "second round simplified characters") was promulgated in 1977. It was poorly received, and in 1986 the authorities rescinded the second round completely, while making six revisions to the 1964 list, including the restoration of three traditional characters that had been simplified: 叠 dié, 覆 fù, 像 xiàng. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 1977 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 274 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a3c9cdccc5d22001a521e36

Prayer plays a significant role among many believers. Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God. He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Prayer often also includes supplication and asking forgiveness. God is often believed to be forgiving. For example, a hadith states God would replace a sinless people with one who sinned but still asked repentance. Christian theologian Alister McGrath writes that there are good reasons to suggest that a "personal god" is integral to the Christian outlook, but that one has to understand it is an analogy. "To say that God is like a person is to affirm the divine ability and willingness to relate to others. This does not imply that God is human, or located at a specific point in the universe."

What are two things the worship of God includes?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What are two things the worship of God includes? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Prayer plays a significant role among many believers. Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God. He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Prayer often also includes supplication and asking forgiveness. God is often believed to be forgiving. For example, a hadith states God would replace a sinless people with one who sinned but still asked repentance. Christian theologian Alister McGrath writes that there are good reasons to suggest that a "personal god" is integral to the Christian outlook, but that one has to understand it is an analogy. "To say that God is like a person is to affirm the divine ability and willingness to relate to others. This does not imply that God is human, or located at a specific point in the universe." </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

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In June, Truman became the first president to address the NAACP. His speech was a significant departure from traditional race relations in the United States. In front of 10,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial, the president left no doubt where he stood on civil rights. According to his speech, America had "reached a turning point in the long history of our country's efforts to guarantee freedom and equality to all our citizens…Each man must be guaranteed equality of opportunity." He proposed what black citizens had been calling for - an enhanced role of federal authority through the states. "We must make the Federal government a friendly, vigilant defender of the rights and equalities of all Americans. And again I mean all Americans.":40

During the speech, Truman made the statement that each man shouldn't be guaranteed what?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> During the speech, Truman made the statement that each man shouldn't be guaranteed what? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In June, Truman became the first president to address the NAACP. His speech was a significant departure from traditional race relations in the United States. In front of 10,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial, the president left no doubt where he stood on civil rights. According to his speech, America had "reached a turning point in the long history of our country's efforts to guarantee freedom and equality to all our citizens…Each man must be guaranteed equality of opportunity." He proposed what black citizens had been calling for - an enhanced role of federal authority through the states. "We must make the Federal government a friendly, vigilant defender of the rights and equalities of all Americans. And again I mean all Americans.":40 </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad22b6bd7d075001a4285f8

Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part. It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports. After casting Bérénice Lim Marlohe, a relative newcomer, as Sévérine in Skyfall, Mendes consciously sought out a more experienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann, ultimately casting Léa Seydoux in the role. Monica Bellucci joined the cast as Lucia Sciarra, becoming, at the age of fifty, the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl. In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre.

Who wanted an inexperienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who wanted an inexperienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part. It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports. After casting Bérénice Lim Marlohe, a relative newcomer, as Sévérine in Skyfall, Mendes consciously sought out a more experienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann, ultimately casting Léa Seydoux in the role. Monica Bellucci joined the cast as Lucia Sciarra, becoming, at the age of fifty, the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl. In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

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After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken place on May 5, 1862. Lerdeo de Tejada won the election, but lost popularity after he announced his intent to run for re-election. On March 21, 1876, Don Porfirio Díaz rebelled against President Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada. The Plan of Tuxtepec defended the "No Re-election" principle. On June 2, 1876 the garrisons in the state of Chihuahua surrendered to the authority of General Porfirio Díaz; Governor Antonio Ochoa was arrested until all the Lerdista forces were suppressed throughout the state. Porfirio Díaz then helped Tíras regain the governorship of the state of Chihuahua allowing for the Plan of Tuxtepec to be implemented. The victory of the Plan of Tuxtepec, gave the interim presidency to Jose Maria Iglesias and later, as the only candidate, the General Porfirio Díaz assumed the presidency on May 5, 1877. During the first years of the Porfiriato (Porfirio Díaz Era), the Díaz administration had to combat several attacks from the Lerdista forces and the Apache. A new rebellion led by the Lerdista party was orchestrated from exile in the United States. The Lerdista forces were able to temporarily occupy the city of El Paso del Norte until mid-1877. During 1877 the northern parts of the state suffered through a spell of extreme drought which were responsible for many deaths in El Paso del Norte.

In which year did Benito Juarez die?

1872

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> In which year did Benito Juarez die? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections. Two candidates were registered; Lerdo de Tejada and General Porfirio Díaz, one of the heroes of the Battle of Puebla which had taken place on May 5, 1862. Lerdeo de Tejada won the election, but lost popularity after he announced his intent to run for re-election. On March 21, 1876, Don Porfirio Díaz rebelled against President Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada. The Plan of Tuxtepec defended the "No Re-election" principle. On June 2, 1876 the garrisons in the state of Chihuahua surrendered to the authority of General Porfirio Díaz; Governor Antonio Ochoa was arrested until all the Lerdista forces were suppressed throughout the state. Porfirio Díaz then helped Tíras regain the governorship of the state of Chihuahua allowing for the Plan of Tuxtepec to be implemented. The victory of the Plan of Tuxtepec, gave the interim presidency to Jose Maria Iglesias and later, as the only candidate, the General Porfirio Díaz assumed the presidency on May 5, 1877. During the first years of the Porfiriato (Porfirio Díaz Era), the Díaz administration had to combat several attacks from the Lerdista forces and the Apache. A new rebellion led by the Lerdista party was orchestrated from exile in the United States. The Lerdista forces were able to temporarily occupy the city of El Paso del Norte until mid-1877. During 1877 the northern parts of the state suffered through a spell of extreme drought which were responsible for many deaths in El Paso del Norte. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 1872 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 50 </ANSWER_INDEX>

57278d495951b619008f8d49

In the United States, botanist Asa Gray an American colleague of Darwin negotiated with a Boston publisher for publication of an authorised American version, but learnt that two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin. Darwin was delighted by the popularity of the book, and asked Gray to keep any profits. Gray managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with Appleton's of New York, who got their edition out in mid January 1860, and the other two withdrew. In a May letter, Darwin mentioned a print run of 2,500 copies, but it is not clear if this referred to the first printing only as there were four that year.

What was the print run that Darwin mentioned for On the Origin of Species?

2,500 copies

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What was the print run that Darwin mentioned for On the Origin of Species? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In the United States, botanist Asa Gray an American colleague of Darwin negotiated with a Boston publisher for publication of an authorised American version, but learnt that two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin. Darwin was delighted by the popularity of the book, and asked Gray to keep any profits. Gray managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with Appleton's of New York, who got their edition out in mid January 1860, and the other two withdrew. In a May letter, Darwin mentioned a print run of 2,500 copies, but it is not clear if this referred to the first printing only as there were four that year. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 2,500 copies </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 573 </ANSWER_INDEX>

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Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.

What is used to haul passengers cars?

electric locomotives

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What is used to haul passengers cars? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> electric locomotives </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 22 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572eb82403f9891900756995

After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empress dowagers, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty ceased to exist.

Which King took the seat of power from Emperor Xian?

Cao Pi

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Which King took the seat of power from Emperor Xian? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empress dowagers, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty ceased to exist. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Cao Pi </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 626 </ANSWER_INDEX>

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At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.

Where was Victorias coronation held?

Westminster Abbey

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Where was Victorias coronation held? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Westminster Abbey </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 445 </ANSWER_INDEX>

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On the other hand, certain financial techniques can reduce the impact of such purchases on the currency. One is sterilisation, in which highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased, which keeps the money supply neutral. Another technique is simply to accept the bad assets as long-term collateral (as opposed to short-term repo swaps) to be held until their market value stabilises. This would imply, as a quid pro quo, adjustments in taxation and expenditure in the economies of the weaker states to improve the perceived value of the assets.

How does sterilisation help to keep the money flow uneven?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How does sterilisation help to keep the money flow uneven? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> On the other hand, certain financial techniques can reduce the impact of such purchases on the currency. One is sterilisation, in which highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased, which keeps the money supply neutral. Another technique is simply to accept the bad assets as long-term collateral (as opposed to short-term repo swaps) to be held until their market value stabilises. This would imply, as a quid pro quo, adjustments in taxation and expenditure in the economies of the weaker states to improve the perceived value of the assets. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572f7f37b2c2fd1400568195

In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British. The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children while the French refused to protect their captives. French naval deployments in 1757 also successfully defended the key Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.

What Canadian area had is seaward side protected by the defense of the Fortress of Louisbourg?

securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What Canadian area had is seaward side protected by the defense of the Fortress of Louisbourg? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British. The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children while the French refused to protect their captives. French naval deployments in 1757 also successfully defended the key Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, securing the seaward approaches to Quebec. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> securing the seaward approaches to Quebec. </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 499 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572f44e8b2c2fd1400567fb3

In most taxonomies, the flowering plants are treated as a coherent group. The most popular descriptive name has been Angiospermae (Angiosperms), with Anthophyta ("flowering plants") a second choice. These names are not linked to any rank. The Wettstein system and the Engler system use the name Angiospermae, at the assigned rank of subdivision. The Reveal system treated flowering plants as subdivision Magnoliophytina (Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, Phytologia 79: 70 1996), but later split it to Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, and Rosopsida. The Takhtajan system and Cronquist system treat this group at the rank of division, leading to the name Magnoliophyta (from the family name Magnoliaceae). The Dahlgren system and Thorne system (1992) treat this group at the rank of class, leading to the name Magnoliopsida. The APG system of 1998, and the later 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat the flowering plants as a clade called angiosperms without a formal botanical name. However, a formal classification was published alongside the 2009 revision in which the flowering plants form the Subclass Magnoliidae.

In taxonomies, what type of group are flowering plants treated?

coherent

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> In taxonomies, what type of group are flowering plants treated? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In most taxonomies, the flowering plants are treated as a coherent group. The most popular descriptive name has been Angiospermae (Angiosperms), with Anthophyta ("flowering plants") a second choice. These names are not linked to any rank. The Wettstein system and the Engler system use the name Angiospermae, at the assigned rank of subdivision. The Reveal system treated flowering plants as subdivision Magnoliophytina (Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, Phytologia 79: 70 1996), but later split it to Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, and Rosopsida. The Takhtajan system and Cronquist system treat this group at the rank of division, leading to the name Magnoliophyta (from the family name Magnoliaceae). The Dahlgren system and Thorne system (1992) treat this group at the rank of class, leading to the name Magnoliopsida. The APG system of 1998, and the later 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat the flowering plants as a clade called angiosperms without a formal botanical name. However, a formal classification was published alongside the 2009 revision in which the flowering plants form the Subclass Magnoliidae. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> coherent </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 58 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5705ede675f01819005e7782

The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000.

In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people?

5,000

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 5,000 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 460 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f4

In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city status on 18 October 1928. The city's first Lord Mayor was appointed in 1935 and its boundaries further expanded in 1967 to include the town of Plympton and the parish of Plymstock.

In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor?

1935

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city status on 18 October 1928. The city's first Lord Mayor was appointed in 1935 and its boundaries further expanded in 1967 to include the town of Plympton and the parish of Plymstock. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 1935 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 393 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad5fc5d5b96ef001a10afa0

Gesamtschulen might put bright working class students at risk according to several studies. It could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers. Also working class students attending a Gymnasium or a Realschule outperform students from similar backgrounds attending a comprehensive. However it is not students attending a comprehensive, but students attending a Hauptschule, who perform the poorest.

Who couldn't be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who couldn't be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Gesamtschulen might put bright working class students at risk according to several studies. It could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers. Also working class students attending a Gymnasium or a Realschule outperform students from similar backgrounds attending a comprehensive. However it is not students attending a comprehensive, but students attending a Hauptschule, who perform the poorest. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5727d08a2ca10214002d9736

Evolutionary ideas, although not natural selection, were accepted by German biologists accustomed to ideas of homology in morphology from Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and from their long tradition of comparative anatomy. Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives, but enthused political radicals. Ernst Haeckel was particularly ardent, aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie. Their ambitious programme to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life was joined by Huxley and supported by discoveries in palaeontology. Haeckel used embryology extensively in his recapitulation theory, which embodied a progressive, almost linear model of evolution. Darwin was cautious about such histories, and had already noted that von Baer's laws of embryology supported his idea of complex branching.

Which group of people was excited by the German translation of On the Origin of Species?

political radicals

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Which group of people was excited by the German translation of On the Origin of Species? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Evolutionary ideas, although not natural selection, were accepted by German biologists accustomed to ideas of homology in morphology from Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and from their long tradition of comparative anatomy. Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives, but enthused political radicals. Ernst Haeckel was particularly ardent, aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie. Their ambitious programme to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life was joined by Huxley and supported by discoveries in palaeontology. Haeckel used embryology extensively in his recapitulation theory, which embodied a progressive, almost linear model of evolution. Darwin was cautious about such histories, and had already noted that von Baer's laws of embryology supported his idea of complex branching. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> political radicals </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 326 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56ddcf2b66d3e219004dacf5

In Canada, there are Affiliate Schools, Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeship and trade programs, certificates, and diplomas. Affiliate Schools are polytechnic divisions belonging to a national university and offer select technical and engineering programs. Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities tend to be independent institutions.

What are polytechnic divisions of national universities called in Canada?

Affiliate Schools

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What are polytechnic divisions of national universities called in Canada? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In Canada, there are Affiliate Schools, Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeship and trade programs, certificates, and diplomas. Affiliate Schools are polytechnic divisions belonging to a national university and offer select technical and engineering programs. Colleges, Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities tend to be independent institutions. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Affiliate Schools </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 21 </ANSWER_INDEX>

570b431eec8fbc190045b931

The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal.

What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898?

Hawaii

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Hawaii </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 830 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a42da674a4859001aac736d

All versions incorporate a top-loading slot for game cartridges, although the shape of the slot differs between regions to match the different shapes of the cartridges. The MULTI OUT connector (later used on the Nintendo 64 and GameCube) can output composite video, S-Video and RGB signals, as well as RF with an external RF modulator. Original versions additionally include a 28-pin expansion port under a small cover on the bottom of the unit and a standard RF output with channel selection switch on the back; the redesigned models output composite video only, requiring an external modulator for RF.

How many pins were on the RF modulator?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How many pins were on the RF modulator? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> All versions incorporate a top-loading slot for game cartridges, although the shape of the slot differs between regions to match the different shapes of the cartridges. The MULTI OUT connector (later used on the Nintendo 64 and GameCube) can output composite video, S-Video and RGB signals, as well as RF with an external RF modulator. Original versions additionally include a 28-pin expansion port under a small cover on the bottom of the unit and a standard RF output with channel selection switch on the back; the redesigned models output composite video only, requiring an external modulator for RF. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

573057112461fd1900a9cd73

AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective. However, he did not believe that the morale-collapse could occur without the destruction of the German economy. The primary goal of Bomber Command's offensives was to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale. In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." A summary of Harris' strategic intentions was clear:

Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what?

"a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective. However, he did not believe that the morale-collapse could occur without the destruction of the German economy. The primary goal of Bomber Command's offensives was to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale. In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." A summary of Harris' strategic intentions was clear: </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 445 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56df01783277331400b4d899

Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes," while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in earlier centuries "Christians," were once called "Nazarenes." The Hebrew equivalent of "Nazarenes", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian.

In Acts 24, what is another word that Christians are called?

Nazarenes

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> In Acts 24, what is another word that Christians are called? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes," while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in earlier centuries "Christians," were once called "Nazarenes." The Hebrew equivalent of "Nazarenes", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Nazarenes </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 67 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56df81eb5ca0a614008f9bbf

The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning "The Dragon" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791.

In what year did Sir Francis Drake die?

1596

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> In what year did Sir Francis Drake die? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning "The Dragon" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 1596 </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 296 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56d11dd317492d1400aab9cc

New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history.

What percent increase in water supply will the city see after the Croton Watershed plant is finished?

20%

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What percent increase in water supply will the city see after the Croton Watershed plant is finished? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 20% </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 575 </ANSWER_INDEX>

570e4f8e0b85d914000d7dfd

An influx of interstate and overseas migrants, particularly Irish, German and Chinese, saw the development of slums including a temporary "tent city" established on the southern banks of the Yarra. Chinese migrants founded the Melbourne Chinatown in 1851, which remains the longest continuous Chinese settlement in the Western World. In the aftermath of the Eureka Stockade, mass public support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including changes to working conditions across local industries including mining, agriculture and manufacturing. The nationalities involved in the Eureka revolt and Burke and Wills expedition gave an indication of immigration flows in the second half of the nineteenth century.

During the second half of what century did the Burke and Wills expedition give an indication of immigration flows?

second half of the nineteenth century

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> During the second half of what century did the Burke and Wills expedition give an indication of immigration flows? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> An influx of interstate and overseas migrants, particularly Irish, German and Chinese, saw the development of slums including a temporary "tent city" established on the southern banks of the Yarra. Chinese migrants founded the Melbourne Chinatown in 1851, which remains the longest continuous Chinese settlement in the Western World. In the aftermath of the Eureka Stockade, mass public support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including changes to working conditions across local industries including mining, agriculture and manufacturing. The nationalities involved in the Eureka revolt and Burke and Wills expedition gave an indication of immigration flows in the second half of the nineteenth century. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> second half of the nineteenth century </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 714 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572b5bd7be1ee31400cb8342

Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]

Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?

20 large hotels

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed] </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> 20 large hotels </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 121 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a8a33bd3b2508001a72a7f8

This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party, a political party; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party. The nearest this movement ever came to success was in 1978, when Congress passed the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment. Two years later in 1980, local citizens passed an initiative calling for a constitutional convention for a new state. In 1982, voters ratified the constitution of the state, which was to be called New Columbia. The drive for statehood stalled in 1985, however, when the Washington, D.C. Voting Rights Amendment failed because not enough states ratified the amendment within the seven-year span specified.

What party carried the position of Columbia statehood?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What party carried the position of Columbia statehood? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party, a political party; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party. The nearest this movement ever came to success was in 1978, when Congress passed the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment. Two years later in 1980, local citizens passed an initiative calling for a constitutional convention for a new state. In 1982, voters ratified the constitution of the state, which was to be called New Columbia. The drive for statehood stalled in 1985, however, when the Washington, D.C. Voting Rights Amendment failed because not enough states ratified the amendment within the seven-year span specified. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5726d36b708984140094d283

The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht at the Old Hollandic Waterline. In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado. The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral of St Martin church which collapsed; creating the current Dom square between the tower and choir. In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Since 1723 Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world.

Who did the fortified city fall to in 1672

temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Who did the fortified city fall to in 1672 </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht at the Old Hollandic Waterline. In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado. The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral of St Martin church which collapsed; creating the current Dom square between the tower and choir. In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Since 1723 Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 19 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5a8c775dfd22b3001a8d8858

In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]

What book did Shakespeare write?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What book did Shakespeare write? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed] </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56f7f60daef2371900625cf3

In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.

How much time did Tito give Dubcek to fly to Prague?

three hours

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How much time did Tito give Dubcek to fly to Prague? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> three hours </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 79 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad27d08d7d075001a4296aa

Larry Heard, a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", claims that the term "house" became popular due to many of the early DJs creating music in their own homes using synthesizers and drum machines such as the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and the TB 303.[citation needed] These synthesizers were used to create a house subgenre called acid house.

What was the stage name of Larry House?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What was the stage name of Larry House? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Larry Heard, a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", claims that the term "house" became popular due to many of the early DJs creating music in their own homes using synthesizers and drum machines such as the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and the TB 303.[citation needed] These synthesizers were used to create a house subgenre called acid house. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad2cc46d7d075001a42a2a2

In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the region, led largely by Greenpeace International, which established its own scientific station—World Park Base—in the Ross Sea region and conducted annual expeditions to document environmental effects of humans on Antarctica. In 1988, the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources (CRAMRA) was adopted. The following year, however, Australia and France announced that they would not ratify the convention, rendering it dead for all intents and purposes. They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the "Madrid Protocol") was negotiated as other countries followed suit and on 14 January 1998 it entered into force. The Madrid Protocol bans all mining in Antarctica, designating Antarctica a "natural reserve devoted to peace and science".

What began in 1938?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What began in 1938? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the region, led largely by Greenpeace International, which established its own scientific station—World Park Base—in the Ross Sea region and conducted annual expeditions to document environmental effects of humans on Antarctica. In 1988, the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources (CRAMRA) was adopted. The following year, however, Australia and France announced that they would not ratify the convention, rendering it dead for all intents and purposes. They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the "Madrid Protocol") was negotiated as other countries followed suit and on 14 January 1998 it entered into force. The Madrid Protocol bans all mining in Antarctica, designating Antarctica a "natural reserve devoted to peace and science". </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

572924f66aef051400154aa4

Glass has the ability to refract, reflect, and transmit light following geometrical optics, without scattering it. It is used in the manufacture of lenses and windows. Common glass has a refraction index around 1.5. This may be modified by adding low-density materials such as boron, which lowers the index of refraction (see crown glass), or increased (to as much as 1.8) with high-density materials such as (classically) lead oxide (see flint glass and lead glass), or in modern uses, less toxic oxides of zirconium, titanium, or barium. These high-index glasses (inaccurately known as "crystal" when used in glass vessels) cause more chromatic dispersion of light, and are prized for their diamond-like optical properties.

What can be used to make glass less refractive?

boron

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> What can be used to make glass less refractive? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> Glass has the ability to refract, reflect, and transmit light following geometrical optics, without scattering it. It is used in the manufacture of lenses and windows. Common glass has a refraction index around 1.5. This may be modified by adding low-density materials such as boron, which lowers the index of refraction (see crown glass), or increased (to as much as 1.8) with high-density materials such as (classically) lead oxide (see flint glass and lead glass), or in modern uses, less toxic oxides of zirconium, titanium, or barium. These high-index glasses (inaccurately known as "crystal" when used in glass vessels) cause more chromatic dispersion of light, and are prized for their diamond-like optical properties. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> boron </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 277 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56cef532aab44d1400b88d1c

When one Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in January 2016, Donald Trump, leading in the polls, vigorously defended his city. The National Review, a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955, commented, "By hearkening back to New York's heart after 9/11, for a moment Trump transcended politics. How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America."

A presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism?

Republican

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> A presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> When one Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in January 2016, Donald Trump, leading in the polls, vigorously defended his city. The National Review, a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955, commented, "By hearkening back to New York's heart after 9/11, for a moment Trump transcended politics. How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America." </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Republican </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 9 </ANSWER_INDEX>

56cf83a7234ae51400d9bde3

The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.

Where was Donda West's funeral?

Oklahoma City

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> Where was Donda West's funeral? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> Oklahoma City </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 50 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5ad3adea604f3c001a3fec23

The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.

When did Luis Gutierrez cover up the Abizu Campos operation?

I don't know

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> When did Luis Gutierrez cover up the Abizu Campos operation? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> I don't know </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> -1 </ANSWER_INDEX>

5706d70e2eaba6190074ad26

In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31; the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2; and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16.

How many casino closures took place in Atlantic City in 2014?

four

Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER> <QUESTION> How many casino closures took place in Atlantic City in 2014? </QUESTION> <CONTEXT> In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31; the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2; and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16. </CONTEXT> <ANSWER> four </ANSWER> <ANSWER_INDEX> 175 </ANSWER_INDEX>