# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
#
# Copyright 2012 Nebula, Inc.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

import functools
import warnings
import weakref


class UnhashableKeyWarning(RuntimeWarning):
    """Raised when trying to memoize a function with an unhashable argument."""


def _try_weakref(arg, remove_callback):
    """Return a weak reference to arg if possible, or arg itself if not."""
    try:
        arg = weakref.ref(arg, remove_callback)
    except TypeError:
        # Not all types can have a weakref. That includes strings
        # and floats and such, so just pass them through directly.
        pass
    return arg


def _get_key(args, kwargs, remove_callback):
    """Calculate the cache key, using weak references where possible."""
    # Use tuples, because lists are not hashable.
    weak_args = tuple(_try_weakref(arg, remove_callback) for arg in args)
    # Use a tuple of (key, values) pairs, because dict is not hashable.
    # Sort it, so that we don't depend on the order of keys.
    weak_kwargs = tuple(sorted(
        (key, _try_weakref(value, remove_callback))
        for (key, value) in kwargs.iteritems()))
    return weak_args, weak_kwargs


def memoized(func):
    """Decorator that caches function calls.

    Caches the decorated function's return value the first time it is called
    with the given arguments.  If called later with the same arguments, the
    cached value is returned instead of calling the decorated function again.

    The cache uses weak references to the passed arguments, so it doesn't keep
    them alive in memory forever.
    """
    # The dictionary in which all the data will be cached. This is a separate
    # instance for every decorated function, and it's stored in a closure of
    # the wrapped function.
    cache = {}

    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        # We need to have defined key early, to be able to use it in the
        # remove() function, but we calculate the actual value of the key
        # later on, because we need the remove() function for that.
        key = None

        def remove(ref):
            """A callback to remove outdated items from cache."""
            try:
                # The key here is from closure, and is calculated later.
                del cache[key]
            except KeyError:
                # Some other weak reference might have already removed that
                # key -- in that case we don't need to do anything.
                pass

        key = _get_key(args, kwargs, remove)
        try:
            # We want cache hit to be as fast as possible, and don't really
            # care much about the speed of a cache miss, because it will only
            # happen once and likely calls some external API, database, or
            # some other slow thing. That's why the hit is in straightforward
            # code, and the miss is in an exception.
            value = cache[key]
        except KeyError:
            value = cache[key] = func(*args, **kwargs)
        except TypeError:
            # The calculated key may be unhashable when an unhashable object,
            # such as a list, is passed as one of the arguments. In that case,
            # we can't cache anything and simply always call the decorated
            # function.
            warnings.warn(
                "The key %r is not hashable and cannot be memoized." % key,
                UnhashableKeyWarning, 2)
            value = func(*args, **kwargs)
        return value
    return wrapped

# We can use @memoized for methods now too, because it uses weakref and so
# it doesn't keep the instances in memory forever. We might want to separate
# them in the future, however.
memoized_method = memoized
