"""
========================================
Lasso and Elastic Net for Sparse Signals
========================================

"""
print __doc__

import numpy as np
import pylab as pl

from sklearn.metrics import r2_score

###############################################################################
# generate some sparse data to play with
np.random.seed(42)

n_samples, n_features = 50, 200
X = np.random.randn(n_samples, n_features)
coef = 3 * np.random.randn(n_features)
inds = np.arange(n_features)
np.random.shuffle(inds)
coef[inds[10:]] = 0  # sparsify coef
y = np.dot(X, coef)

# add noise
y += 0.01 * np.random.normal((n_samples,))

# Split data in train set and test set
n_samples = X.shape[0]
X_train, y_train = X[:n_samples / 2], y[:n_samples / 2]
X_test, y_test = X[n_samples / 2:], y[n_samples / 2:]

###############################################################################
# Lasso
from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso

alpha = 0.1
lasso = Lasso(alpha=alpha)

y_pred_lasso = lasso.fit(X_train, y_train).predict(X_test)
r2_score_lasso = r2_score(y_test, y_pred_lasso)
print lasso
print "r^2 on test data : %f" % r2_score_lasso

###############################################################################
# ElasticNet
from sklearn.linear_model import ElasticNet

enet = ElasticNet(alpha=alpha, rho=0.7)

y_pred_enet = enet.fit(X_train, y_train).predict(X_test)
r2_score_enet = r2_score(y_test, y_pred_enet)
print enet
print "r^2 on test data : %f" % r2_score_enet

pl.plot(enet.coef_, label='Elastic net coefficients')
pl.plot(lasso.coef_, label='Lasso coefficients')
pl.plot(coef, '--', label='original coefficients')
pl.legend(loc='best')
pl.title("Lasso R^2: %f, Elastic Net R^2: %f" % (r2_score_lasso,
    r2_score_enet))
pl.show()
