Consider the following premises. forall x_16: P_16(x_16) -> Q_16(x_16). forall x_15: P_16(x_15). forall x_16: Q_16(x_16) -> R_16(x_16). Can we infer R_16(a_15) or p from them?
 From forall x_16: P_16(x_16) -> Q_16(x_16), forall x_16: Q_16(x_16) -> R_16(x_16) we can infer forall x_16: P_16(x_16) -> R_16(x_16). From forall x_15: P_16(x_15) we can infer P_16(a_15). From forall x_16: P_16(x_16) -> R_16(x_16) we can infer P_16(a_15) -> R_16(a_15). From P_16(a_15) -> R_16(a_15), P_16(a_15) we can infer R_16(a_15). Finally, from R_16(a_15) we can infer R_16(a_15) or p. Therefore, the answer is yes.