Translate the following inference to logic notation: It is not snowing. Richard is not a doctor. For all x, x_11 is a politician if and only if x_11 is a doctor. If Charles were a musician, then it is snowing. Therefore Richard is not a politician and Charles is not a musician.
~p. ~P(a). forall x: Q(x) <-> P(x). q -> p. Therefore ~Q(a) and ~q.