Translate the following inference to logic notation: Charles is a bartender. If James were a soldier, then Charles is not a bartender. For all x, if x_8 were a soldier, then x_8 is a politician. For all x, if x_8 were a politician, then x_8 is a soldier. Therefore James is not a politician.
p. P(a) -> ~p. forall x: P(x) -> Q(x). forall x: Q(x) -> P(x). Therefore ~Q(a).