Consider the following premises. forall z: T(z) -> T_4(z). T(d_3). s -> ~T_4(d_3). Can we infer s from them? If possible, name the inference rules being used at each step.
 From forall z: T(z) -> T_4(z) we can infer T(d_3) -> T_4(d_3) via universal instantiation. From T(d_3) -> T_4(d_3), T(d_3) we can infer T_4(d_3) via modus ponens. Finally, from s -> ~T_4(d_3), T_4(d_3) we can infer ~s via modus tollens, which contradicts s. Therefore, the answer is no.