Consider the following premises. forall x_12: R_12(x_12) -> S_12(x_12). S_12(e) -> p_3. p_3 -> R_12(e). Can we infer p_3 -> S_12(e) from them? If possible, name the inference rules being used at each step.
 From forall x_12: R_12(x_12) -> S_12(x_12) we can infer R_12(e) -> S_12(e) via universal instantiation. Finally, from p_3 -> R_12(e), R_12(e) -> S_12(e) we can infer p_3 -> S_12(e) via transitivity. Therefore, the answer is yes.