Consider the following premises. forall x_23: R_23(x_23) -> S_23(x_23). p -> ~S_23(e_3). w_4 -> S_23(e_3). R_23(e_3) or w_4. Can we infer p from them? If possible, name the inference rules being used at each step.
 From forall x_23: R_23(x_23) -> S_23(x_23) we can infer R_23(e_3) -> S_23(e_3) via universal instantiation. From R_23(e_3) -> S_23(e_3), w_4 -> S_23(e_3), R_23(e_3) or w_4 we can infer S_23(e_3) via disjunction elimination. Finally, from p -> ~S_23(e_3), S_23(e_3) we can infer ~p via modus tollens, which contradicts p. Therefore, the answer is no.