Translate the following inference to logic notation: For all x, y is sad or y is not a sailor. For all x, if y were sad, then y is a sailor. If Charles were sad, then James is a janitor. Therefore if Charles were a sailor, then James is a janitor.
forall x: P(x) or ~Q(x). forall x: P(x) -> Q(x). P(a) -> p. Therefore Q(a) -> p.