Translate the following inference to logic notation: For all x, if x_8 climbs a mountain, then x_8 is a lawyer. For all x, if x_8 were a lawyer, then x_8 is sad. If Charles were sad, then Charles is climbing a mountain. Therefore if Charles climbs a mountain, then Charles is sad.
forall x: P(x) -> Q(x). forall x: Q(x) -> R(x). R(a) -> P(a). Therefore P(a) -> R(a).