Consider the following premises. ~S_7(c). p -> W(c). forall x_7: W(x_7) <-> S_7(x_7). Can we infer p from them? If possible, name the inference rules being used at each step.
 From forall x_7: W(x_7) <-> S_7(x_7) we can infer W(c) <-> S_7(c) via universal instantiation. From W(c) <-> S_7(c), ~S_7(c) we can infer ~W(c) via biconditional elimination. Finally, from p -> W(c), ~W(c) we can infer ~p via modus tollens, which contradicts p. Therefore, the answer is no.