Translate the following inference to logic notation: If John plays squash, then Karen is cooking. For all x, if x_23 were happy, then x_23 is cooking. If Richard were an artist, then Karen is not cooking. Karen is happy or John is playing squash. Therefore Richard is not an artist or it is snowing.
p -> P(a). forall x: Q(x) -> P(x). q -> ~P(a). Q(a) or p. Therefore ~q or r.