Consider the following premises. forall x_10: R_10(x_10) -> S_10(x_10). S_10(a_10) -> s. ~s. Can we infer R_10(a_10) from them? If possible, name the inference rules being used at each step.
 From forall x_10: R_10(x_10) -> S_10(x_10) we can infer R_10(a_10) -> S_10(a_10) via universal instantiation. From R_10(a_10) -> S_10(a_10), S_10(a_10) -> s we can infer R_10(a_10) -> s via transitivity. Finally, from R_10(a_10) -> s, ~s we can infer ~R_10(a_10) via modus tollens, which contradicts R_10(a_10). Therefore, the answer is no.