Translate the following inference to logic notation: James is not a scientist. Patricia is a cashier if and only if Richard is driving a car. If Richard drives a car, then James is a scientist. For all x, x_12 will take a plane if and only if x_12 is a cashier. Therefore Patricia is not taking a plane.
~p. P(a) <-> q. q -> p. forall x: Q(x) <-> P(x). Therefore ~Q(a).