Consider the following premises. Linda is taking a plane if and only if Barbara is listening to a song. For all y_1, y_1 is not a nurse. For all y_1, y_1 is a nurse if and only if y_1 will listen to a song. Can we infer the following from them? Linda is not taking a plane or it is cold.
 From the fact that for all y_1, y_1 is a nurse if and only if y_1 will listen to a song, and that for all y_1, y_1 is not a nurse we can infer that for all y_1, y_1 will not listen to a song. From the fact that for all y_1, y_1 will not listen to a song we can infer that Barbara is not listening to a song. From the fact that Linda is taking a plane if and only if Barbara is listening to a song, and that Barbara is not listening to a song we can infer that Linda is not taking a plane. Finally, from the fact that Linda is not taking a plane we can infer that Linda is not taking a plane or it is cold. Therefore, the answer is yes.