Translate the following inference to logic notation: For all x, if x works, then x is playing squash. Robert is a scientist. For all x, if x plays squash, then x is working. Joseph is playing squash if and only if Richard is running. Richard is not running. Therefore Joseph is not working and Robert is a scientist.
forall x: P(x) -> Q(x). p. forall x: Q(x) -> P(x). Q(a) <-> q. ~q. Therefore ~P(a) and p.