Translate the following inference to logic notation: If Richard were a soldier, then Mary is excited. Mary is not excited. If Mary were excited, then Richard is a soldier. For all x, x_9 will drive a car if and only if x_9 is a soldier. Therefore Richard is not driving a car.
P(a) -> p. ~p. p -> P(a). forall x: Q(x) <-> P(x). Therefore ~Q(a).