Consider the following premises. For all x_12, if x_12 sleeps, then x_12 is driving a car. If Richard listens to a song, then Richard is driving a car. Richard is not sleeping. For all x_12, if x_12 drives a car, then x_12 is sleeping. Can we infer the following from them? If we can, name the inference rule being used: Richard is listening to a song.
 From the fact that for all x_12, if x_12 drives a car, then x_12 is sleeping, and that for all x_12, if x_12 sleeps, then x_12 is driving a car we can infer that for all x_12, x_12 will drive a car if and only if x_12 will sleep via universal biconditional introduction. From the fact that for all x_12, x_12 will drive a car if and only if x_12 will sleep we can infer that Richard is driving a car if and only if Richard is sleeping via universal instantiation. From the fact that Richard is driving a car if and only if Richard is sleeping, and that Richard is not sleeping we can infer that Richard is not driving a car via biconditional elimination. Finally, from the fact that if Richard listens to a song, then Richard is driving a car, and that Richard is not driving a car we can infer that Richard is not listening to a song via modus tollens, which contradicts that Richard is listening to a song. Therefore, the answer is no.