given a finite group A, and a collection of permutations B. Then (a) there exists B such that A is isomorphic to B; (b) for any B, A is isomorphic to B; (c) A can never be isomorphic to B; (d) none of the above. Which option is correct?
Relevant Theorem: Cayley's theorem, named after the British mathematician Arthur Cayley, is a fundamental result in group theory, a branch of abstract algebra. The theorem states that every group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group acting on G. In simpler terms, this means that every group can be represented as a set of permutations of its elements.

To understand the theorem, let's first define some key terms:

1. Group: A group is a set G, together with a binary operation * (usually called multiplication or addition), that satisfies the following properties:
   - Closure: For all elements a, b in G, a * b is also in G.
   - Associativity: For all elements a, b, c in G, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c).
   - Identity: There exists an element e in G such that for all elements a in G, e * a = a * e = a.
   - Inverse: For every element a in G, there exists an element b in G such that a * b = b * a = e (the identity element).

2. Symmetric group: The symmetric group on a set X is the group of all possible permutations (bijective functions) of the elements of X. It is denoted by S_X or S_n, where n is the number of elements in X.

3. Isomorphism: An isomorphism between two groups G and H is a bijective function f: G → H that preserves the group structure, i.e., for all elements a, b in G, f(a * b) = f(a) * f(b). If there exists an isomorphism between G and H, we say that G and H are isomorphic.

Now, let's state Cayley's theorem more formally:

Given a group G, there exists an isomorphism between G and a subgroup of the symmetric group S_G, where S_G is the symmetric group acting on the set G.

The proof of Cayley's theorem involves constructing a specific function, called the left regular representation, that maps each element of G to a permutation of G. This function is shown to be an isomorphism between G and a subgroup of S_G.

Cayley's theorem has several important implications in group theory. It shows that every group can be thought of as a group of permutations, which provides a concrete way to study abstract groups. Additionally, it highlights the importance of symmetric groups, as they can be used to represent any other group.
(a)