Which sentence states a fact?

 - Katharine Graham deserved to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1998.
 - Katharine Graham was the first female CEO of a Fortune 500 company.
The second sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up the history of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies.
Katharine Graham was the first female CEO of a Fortune 500 company.
The first sentence states an opinion. Deserved indicates a personal judgment.
Katharine Graham deserved to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1998.