Translate the following inference to logic notation: If Charles were a janitor, then Karen is a soldier. For all x, if y_1 takes a plane, then y_1 is a soldier. Karen is taking a plane or Charles is a janitor. For all x, if y_1 were a soldier, then y_1 is taking a plane. Therefore Karen is a soldier.
p -> P(a). forall x: Q(x) -> P(x). Q(a) or p. forall x: P(x) -> Q(x). Therefore P(a).