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This has been your third test; you have expressed your wish to stay at Hell for the sake of your brothers. You have become cleaned, O highly blessed one. Purified of sin, you happy.

इदं तृतीयं भ्रातृणामर्थे यत् स्थातुमिच्छसि। विशुद्धोऽसि महाभाग सुखी विगतकल्मषः॥

O son of Pritha, your brothers, O king, were not such as to deserve Hell. All this has been an illusion created by the king of the celestials.

न च ते भ्रातरः पार्थ नरकारे विशाम्पते। मायैषा देवराजेन महेन्द्रेण प्रयोजिता॥

Forsooth, all kings, O son, must once see Hell. Hence have you for a little while been subjected to this great sorrow.

अवश्यं नरकास्तात द्रष्टव्याः सर्वराजभिः। ततस्त्वया प्राप्तमिदं मुहूर्तं दुःखमुत्तमम्॥

O king, neither Arjuna, nor Bhima, nor any of those foremost of men, viz., the twins for Karna, ever truthful in speech and endued with great courage, could be deserving of Hell for a long time.

न सव्यसाची भीमो वा यमौ वा पुरुषर्षभौ। कर्णो वा सत्यवाक् शूरो नरकार्दाश्चिरं नृप॥

The Princes Krishna too, O Yudhishthira, could not be deserving of that place of sinners, Come, come, O foremost of the Bharatas see Ganga, who spreads her current over the three worlds.

न कृष्णा राजपुत्री च नरकारे कथंचन। एह्येहि भरतश्रेष्ठ पश्य गङ्गां त्रिलोकगाम्॥

Thus addressed the royal sage, viz., your grandsire, proceeded with Dharma and all the other celestials.

एवमुक्तः स राजर्षिस्तव पूर्वपितामहः। जगाम सह धर्मेण सर्वेश्च त्रिदिवालयैः॥

Having bathed in the celestial river Ganga, acred and purifying and ever worshipped by the Rishis, he renounced his human body.

गङ्गा देवनदी पुण्यां पावनीमृषिसंस्तुताम्। अवगाह्य ततो राजा तनुं तत्याज मानुषीम्॥

Assuming then a celestial form, king Yudhishthira the jut, on account of that bath, became divested of all his enmities and grief.

ततो दिव्यवपुर्भूत्वा धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः। निर्वैरो गतसंतापो जले तस्मिन् समाप्लुतः॥

Surrounded by the celestials the Kuru king Yudhishthira then went away from that place. He was accompanied by Dharma, and the great Rishis uttered his praises.

ततो ययौ वृतो देवैः कुरुराजो युधिष्ठिरः। धर्येण सहितो धीमान् स्तूयमानो महर्षिभिः॥

Indeed, he reached that place where those foremost of men, those heroes, viz., the Pandavas and the Dhartarashtras, freed from (human) wrath, were enjoying each his respective position.

यत्र ते पुरुषव्याघ्राः शूरा विगतमन्यवः। पाण्डवा धार्तराष्ट्राश्च स्वानि स्थानानि भेजिरे॥

King Yudhishthira, thus honoured by the celestials the Maruts and the Rishis, went to that place where those foremost ones of Kuru's race were.

वैशम्पायन उवाच ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा देवैः सर्षिमरुद्गणैः। स्तूयमानो ययौ तत्र यत्र ते कुरुपुङ्गवाः॥

He saw Govinda gifted with his Brahmaform. It took after that form of his which had been seen before and which, therefore, helped the recognition

ददर्श तत्र गोविन्दं ब्राह्मण वपुषान्वितम्। तेनैव दृष्टपूर्वेण सादृश्येनैव सूचितम्॥

Shining in that forin of his, he was adorned with celestial weapon, such as the dreadful and discus and others in their respective embodied form.

दीप्यमानं स्ववपुषा दिव्यैरस्त्रैरुपस्थितम्। चक्रप्रभृतिभिर्घारैर्दिव्यैः पुरुषविग्रहैः॥

He was being worshipped by the heroic Phalguna, who also was gifted with a blazing effulgence. the son of Kunti saw the destroyer of Madhu in also his own form.

उपास्यमानं वीरेण फाल्गुनेन सुवर्चसा। तथास्वरूपं कौन्तेयो ददर्श मधुसूदनम्॥

Those two foremost of Beings worshipped by al the celestials, seeing Yudhishthira, received him with proper honours.

तावुभौ पुरुषव्याघ्रौ समुद्वीक्ष्य युधिष्ठिरम्। यथावत् प्रतिपेदाते पूजया देवपूजितौ॥

In an ther place, the delighter of the Kuru saw Karna, that foremost one among all holders of weapons, resembling a dozen Suns in splendour.

अपरस्मिन्नथोद्देशे कर्णं शस्त्रभृतां वरम्। द्वादशादित्यसहितं ददर्श कुरुनन्दनः॥

In another part he saw Bhimasena of great power, sitting in the midst of Maruts; and gifted with a blazing form.

अथापरस्मिन्नुद्देशे मरुद्गणवृतं विभुम्। भीमसेनमथापश्यत् तेनैव वपुषान्वितम्॥

He was sitting by the side of the god of wind in his embodied form. Indeed he was then in a celestial form gifted with great beauty, and had acquired with highest success.

वायोर्मूर्तिमतः पार्श्वे दिव्यमूर्तिसमन्वितम्। श्रिया परमया युक्तं सिद्धि परमिकां गतम्॥

In the place belonging to the Ashvins the delighter of the Kuru saw Nakula and Sahadeva, each blazing with own effulgence.

अश्विनोस्तु तथा स्थाने दीप्यमानौ स्वतेजसा। नकुलं सहदेवं च ददर्श कुरुनन्दनः॥

He also saw the princess of Panchala, decked in garlands of lotuses, Having acquired the celestial region, she was sitting there, gifted with a form effulgent like the Sun.

तथा ददर्श पाञ्चाली कमलोत्पलमालिनीम्। वपुषा स्वर्गमाक्रम्य तिष्ठन्तीमर्कवर्चसम्॥

King Yudhishthira suddenly wished to question her. Then the illustrious Indra, the king of the celestials, spoke to him, I his one is goddess of prosperity herself. It was for your sake that she took birth, as the daughter of Drupada, among human beings coming not from any mother's womb, O Yudhishthira, gifted with agreeable perfume and capable of delighting he entire world.

अखिलं सहसा राजा प्रष्टुमैच्छद् युधिष्ठिरः। ततोऽस्य भगवानिन्द्रः कथयामास देवराट्॥ श्रीरेषा द्रौपदीरूपा त्वदर्थे मानुषं गता। अयोनिजा लोककान्ता पुण्यगन्धा युधिष्ठिर॥

For your satisfaction was created by the wielder of the trident. She was born in the race of Drupada and was enjoyed by you all.

रत्यर्थं भवतां ह्येषा निर्मिता शूलपाणिना। द्रुपदस्य कुले जाता भवद्भिश्चोपजीविता॥

These five highly blessed Gandharvas gifted with the effulgence of fire, and endued with great energy, were O king, the sons of Draupadi and yourself.

एते पञ्च महाभागा गन्धर्वाः पावकप्रभाः। द्रौपद्यास्तनया राजन् युष्माकममितौजसः॥

Look at Dhritarashtra, the king of the Gandharva, endued with great wisdom. Know that this one was the eldest brother of your father.

पश्य गन्धर्वराजानं धृतराष्ट्र मनीषिणम्। एनं च त्वं विजानीहि भ्रातरं पूर्वजं पितुः॥

This one is your eldest brother, the son of Kunti, gifted with the effulgence of fire. The on of Surya, your eldest brother the foremost of inen even this one was known as the son of Radha.

अयं ते पूर्वजो भ्राता कौन्तेयः पावकद्युतिः। सूतपुत्राग्रजः श्रेष्ठो राधेय इति विश्रुतः॥

He moves in the company of the Sun-God. Behold this foremost of Beings! Among the tribes of the Saddhyas, the celestials, the Vishvedevas, and the Maruts, see, O king of kings, the mighty car-warriors of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas viz., those heroes having Satyaki for their first, and those powerful ones among the Bhojas.

आदित्यसहितो याति पश्यैनं पुरुषर्षभम्। साध्यानामथ देवानां विश्वेषां मरुतामपि॥ गणेषु पश्य राजेन्द्र वृष्ण्यन्धकमहारथान्। सात्यकिप्रमुखान् वीरान् भोजांश्चैव महाबलान्॥

Look at the son of Subhadra, invincible in battle, now staying with Soma, He is the powerful bowman Abhimanyu, now gifted with the gentle effulgence of he Moon.

सोमेन सहितं पश्य सौभद्रमपराजितम्। अभिमन्युं महेष्वासं निशाकरसमद्युतिम्॥

Here is the powerful bowman Pandu, now united with Kunti and Madri. Your father frequently comes to me on his excellent car.

एष पाण्डुर्महेष्वासः कुन्त्या मात्र्या च संगतः। विमानेन सदाभ्येति पिता तव ममान्तिकम्॥

Look at the royal Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, now in the midst of the Vasus, know that this one by the side of Brihaspati is your preceptor Drona.

वसुभिः सहितं पश्य भीष्मं शान्तनवं नृपम्। द्रोणं बृहस्पतेः पावें गुरुमेनं निशामय॥

These and other kings, O son of Pandu, who had fought on your behalf now walk with the Gandharvas or Yakshas or other sacred, beings.

एते चान्ये महीपाला योधास्तव च पाण्डव। गन्धर्वसहिता यान्ति यक्षपुण्यजनैस्तथा॥

Some have attained to the dignity of Guhyakas, O king. Having renounced their bodies, they have conquered the celestial region by the merit they had acquired through word, thought, and deed.

गुह्यकानां गतिं चापि केचित् प्राप्ता नराधिपाः। त्यक्त्वा देहं जित: स्वर्गः पुण्यवाग्बुद्धिकर्मभिः।।२३।

Janamejaya said Bhishma and Drona, those two great persons, king Dhritarashtra, and Virata and Drupada, and Shankha and Uttara, Dhrishtaketu and Jayatsena, and Shakuni the son of Subala, Karna's sons of great prowess king Jayadratha, Ghatotkacha and others whom you have not mentioned, the other heroic kings of shining forms, tell me for what period they remained in the celestial region.

जनमेजय उवाच भीष्मद्रोणौ महात्मानौ धृतराष्ट्रश्च पार्थिवः। विराटद्रुपदौ चोभौ शङ्खश्चैवोत्तरस्तथा।॥ धृष्टकेतुर्जयत्सेनो राजा चैव स सत्यजित्। दुर्योधनसुताश्चैव शकुनिश्चैव सौबलः॥ कर्णपुत्राश्च विक्रान्ता राजा चैव जयद्रथः। घटोत्कचादयश्चैव ये चान्ये नानुकीर्तिताः॥ ये चान्ये कीर्तिता वीरा राजानो दीप्तमूर्तयः। स्वर्गे कालं कियन्तं ते तस्थुस्तदपि शंस मे॥

O best of twice-born, did they live in Heaven for ever? What was the end acquired by those best of men when their acts terminated.

आहोस्विच्छाश्वतं स्थानं तेषां तत्र द्विजोत्तम। अन्ते वा कर्मणां कां ते गतिं प्राप्ता नरर्षभाः॥

I wish to hear this, O foremost of twiceborn persons, and, therefore, have I asked you. By virtue of your blazing penances you see all things.

एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं प्रोच्यमानं द्विजोत्तम। तपसा हि प्रदीप्तेन सर्वं त्वमनुपश्यति॥

Sauti said Thus accosted, that twice-born Rishi, receiving the permission of the great Vyasa, began to answer the question of the king.

सौतिरुवाच इत्युक्तः स तु विप्रर्षिरनुज्ञातो महात्मना। व्यासेन तस्य नृपतेराख्यातुमुपचक्रमे॥

Vaishampayana said Every one, O king, is not capable of returning to his own nature at the end of his deeds. Whether this is so or not, is, undoubtedly, a good question asked by you.

वैशम्पायन उवाच न शक्यं कर्मणामन्ते सर्वेण मनुजाधिप। प्रकृतिं किं नु सम्यक्ते पृच्छैषा सम्प्रयोजिता॥

Hear, O king, this which is a mystery of the celestials, O chief of Bharata's race! It was explained (to us) by Vyasa of great energy, celestial vision, and great prowess, that ancient ascetic, O Kauravya, who is the son of Parashara and who always practises high vows, who is of immeasurable understanding, who is omniscient, and who, therefore, knows the end of all deeds.

शृणु गुह्यमिदं राजन् देवानां भरतर्षभ। यदुवाच महातेजा दिव्यचक्षुः प्रतापवान्॥ मुनिः पुराण: कौरव्य पाराशर्यो महाव्रतः। अगाधबुद्धिः सर्वज्ञो गतिज्ञः सर्वकर्मणाम्॥ तेनोक्तं कर्मणामन्ते प्रविशन्ति स्विकां तनुम्।

Bhishma of great energy and great effulgence acquired the dignity of the Vasus. Eight Vasus, O chief of Bharata's race, are now seen.

वसूनेव महातेजा भीष्मः प्राप महाद्युतिः॥ अष्टावेव हि दृश्यन्ते वसवो भरतर्षभ।

Drona entered into Brihaspati, that foremost, one of Angirasaa's descendants. Hridika's son Kritavarman entered the Maruts.

बृहस्पति विवेशाथ द्रोणो ह्यङ्गिरसां वरम्॥ कृतवर्मा तु हार्दिक्यः प्रविवेश मरुद्गणान् ।

Pradyumna entered Sanatkumara whence he had come. Dhritarashtra obtained the regions, so difficult of acquisition, belonging to Kubera.

सनत्कुमारं प्रद्युम्नः प्रविवेश यथागतम्॥ धृतराष्ट्रो धनेशस्य लोकान् प्राप दुरासदान्।

The famous Gandhari gained the same regions with her husband Dhritarashtra. With his two wives, Pandu went to the abode of the great Indra. as

धृतराष्ट्रेण सहिता गान्धारी च यशस्विनी॥ पत्नीभ्यां सहितः पाण्डुर्महेन्द्रसदनं ययौ।

Both Virata ad Drupada, and king Dhrishtaketu, also Nishatha, Akrura, Shamba, Bhanukampa, and Viduratha, and Bhurishravas and Shana and king Bhuri, and Kansa, and Ugrasena, and Vasudeva, and Uttara, that foremost of men, with his brother Shankha, all these foremost of persons entered the celestials.

विराटद्रुपदौ चौभो धृष्टकेतुश्च पार्थिवः॥ निशठाक्रूरसाम्बाश्च भानुः कम्पो विदूरथः। भूरिश्रवाः शलश्चैव भूरिश्च पृथिवीपतिः॥ कंसश्चैवोग्रसेनश्च वसुदेवस्तथैव च। उत्तरश्च सह भ्रात्रा शङ्खन नरपुङ्गवः॥ विश्वेषां देवतानां ते विविशुनरसत्तमाः।

Soma's son of great prowess, named Varshas of mighty energy became Abhimanyu, the son of Phalguna, that foremost of men.

वर्चा नाम महातेजाः सोमपुत्रः प्रतापवान्॥ सोऽभिमन्युइँसिंहस्य फाल्गुनस्य सुतोऽभवत्।

Having fought, according to Kshatriya practices, with bravery such as none else had ever been able to show, tat mighty-armed and righteous-souled being entered Soma. Killed on the field of battle, O foremost of men, sons Karna entered the Sun. Shakuni entered into the Dvapara, and Dhrishtadyumna into the God of Fire.

स युद्ध्वा क्षत्रधर्मेण यथा नान्यः पुमान् क्वचित्।।१९ विवेश सोमं धर्मात्मा कर्मणोऽन्ते महारथः। आविवेश रविं कर्णो निहतः पुरुषर्षभः॥ द्वापरं शकुनिः प्राप धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु पावकम्।

The of Dhritarashtra were all Rakshasas of great power. Sanctified by death caused by weapons, those great beings of great prosperity all succeeded in acquiring the celestial region.

धृतराष्ट्रात्मजाः सर्वे यातुधाना बलोत्कटाः॥ ऋद्धिमन्तो महात्मानः शस्त्रपूता दिवं गताः।

Both Kshatri and king Yudhishthira entered into the God of Virtue. The holy and illustrious Ananta (who had taken birth as Balarama) went to the region below the Earth.

धर्ममेवाविशत् क्षत्ता राजा चैव युधिष्ठिरः॥ अनन्तो भगवान् देवः प्रविवेश रसातलम्।

Through the command of the Grandsire, he, helped by his Yoga power, supported the Earth. Vasudeva was a part of that eternal god of gods, called Narayana. Accordingly, he entered into Narayana.

पितामहनियोगाद् वै यो योगाद् गामधारयत्॥ यः स नारायणो नाम देवदेवः सनातनः। तस्यांशो वासुदेवस्तु कर्मणोऽन्ते विवेश ह॥

Sixteen thousand women had been the time came, O Janamejaya, they plunged into the Sarasvati.

षोडश स्त्रीसहस्राणि वासुदेवपरिग्रहः। अमज्जंस्ताः सरस्वत्यां कालेन जनमेजय॥

Renouncing their (human) bodies there, they re-ascended to the celestial region. Transformed into Apsaras, they approached the presence of Vasudeva.

तत्र त्यक्त्वा शरीराणि दिवामारुरुहुः पुनः। ताश्चैवाप्सरसो भूत्वा वासुदेवमुपाविशन्॥

Those heroic and powerful car-warriors, viz., Ghatotkacha and others, who were killed in the great battle, attained to the status, some of celestials and some of Yakshas.

हतास्तस्मिन् महायुद्धे ये वीरास्तु महारथाः। घटोत्कचादयश्चैव देवान् यक्षांश्च भेजिरे॥

Those who had fought on the side of Duryodhana are said to have been Rakshasas. Gradually, o king, they have all attained to excellent regions of happiness.

दुर्योधनसहायाश्च राक्षसाः परिकीर्तिताः। प्राप्तास्ते क्रमशो राजन् सर्वलोकाननुत्तमान्॥

Those foremost of men have gone, some to the abode of Indra, some to that of highly intelligent Kubera of great intelligence, and some to that of Varuna.

भवनं च महेन्द्रस्य कुबेरस्य च धीमतः। वरुणस्य तथा लोकान् विविशुः पुरुषर्षभाः॥

I have now told you, you of great splendour, everything about the acts, O Bharatas, of both the Kurus and the Pandavas.

एतत् ते सर्वमाख्यातं विस्तरेण महाद्युते। कुरूणां चरितं कृत्स्नं पाण्डवानां च भारत॥

Hearing this, O foremost of twice-born ones, at the intervals of sacrificial rites, king Janamejaya became filled with wonder.

सौतिरुवाच एतच्छुत्वा द्विजश्रेष्ठः स राजा जनमेजयः। विस्मितोऽभवदत्यर्थं यज्ञकर्मान्तरेष्वथ।॥

The sacrificial priests then finished the rites which remained to go through. Astika, having rescued the snakes (from a fiery death) became filled with joy.

ततः समापयामासुः कर्म तत् तस्य याजकाः। आस्तीकश्चाभवत् प्रीतः परिमोक्ष्य भुजङ्गमान्॥

King Janamejaya then pleased all the Brahmanas with profuse presents. Thus adored by the king, they returned to their respective abodes.

ततो द्विजातीन् सर्वांस्तान् दक्षिणाभिरतोषयत्। पूजिताश्चापि ते राज्ञा ततो जग्मुर्यथागतम्॥

Having disinissed those learned Brahmanas, king Janamejaya returned from Takshashila to Hastinapur.

विसर्जयित्वा विप्रांस्तान् राजापि जनमेजयः। ततस्तक्षशिलाया: स पुनरायाद् गजाह्वयम्॥

I have now told you everything that Vaishampayana described, at the command of Vyasa, to the king at his snake sacrifice.

एतत् ते सर्वमाख्यातं वैशम्पायनकीर्तितम्। व्यासाज्ञया समाज्ञातं सर्पसत्रे नृपस्य हि॥

Called a history, it is sacred, purifying and excellent. It has been composed by the ascetic Krishna, O Brahmana, of truthful speech.

पुण्योऽयमितिहासाख्यः पवित्रं चेदमुत्तमम्। कृष्णेन मुनिना विप्र निर्मितं सत्यवादिना॥

He is omniscient, conversan: with all ordinances, endued with a knowledge of all duties, gifted with piety, capable of perceiving what is beyond the perception of the senses, pure, having a soul purified by penances, possessed of the six high attributes, and devoted to Sankhya Yoga. He has composed this, seeing everything with a celestial eye which has been cleansed (strengthened) by varied lore.

सर्वज्ञेन विधिज्ञेन धर्मज्ञानवता सता। अतीन्द्रियेण शुचिना तयसा भावितात्मना॥ ऐश्वर्ये वर्तता चैव सांख्ययोगवता तथा। नंकतन्त्रविबुद्धेन दृष्ट्वा दिव्येन चक्षुषा॥

He has done this, desiring to spread the fame, throughout the world, of the great Pandavas as also of other Kshatriyas endued with profuse energy.

कीर्ति प्रथयता लोके पाण्डवानां महात्मनाम्। अन्येषां क्षत्रियाणां च भूरिद्रविणतेजसाम्॥

That learned man who recites this history on sacred days in the midst of an attentive audience becomes purged of every sin, conquers that celestial region, and attains to the status of Brahma.

यश्चेदं श्रावयेद् विद्वान् सदा पर्वणि पर्वणि। धूतपाप्मा जितस्वर्गो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते॥

Of that man who listens with rapt attention to the recitation of the whole of this Veda composed by (the Island-borm) Krishna, a millions sins, numbering such grave ones as Brahmanicide and the rest, are washed off.

कार्णं वेदमिमं सर्व सर्वं शृणुयाद् यः समाहितः। ब्रह्महत्यादिपापानां कोटिस्तस्य विनश्यति॥

The departed manes of that man who recites even a small portion of this history at a Shraddha obtain inexhaustible food and drink.

यश्चेदं श्रावयेच्छ्राद्धे ब्राह्मणान् पादमन्ततः। अक्षय्यमन्नपानं वै पितृस्तस्योपतिष्ठते॥

The sins that one commits during the day by one's senses or the mind are all washed off before evening by reciting a portion of the Mahabharata.

अह्ना यदेनः कुरुते इन्द्रियैर्मनसापि वा। महाभारतमाख्याय पश्चात् संध्यां प्रमुच्यते॥

Whatever sins a Brahmana may commit at night in the midst of women, are all washed off before dawn by reciting a portion of the Mahabharata.

यद् रात्रौ कुरुते पापं ब्राह्मणः स्त्रीगणैर्वृतः। महाभारतमाख्याय पूर्व संध्या प्रमुच्यते॥

The great race of the Bharatas is its topic. Hence it is called Bharata. And because of its grave meaning as also of the Bharatas being its topic, it is called Mahabharata.

महत्त्वाद् भारतवत्त्वाच्च महाभारतमुच्यते।

He who is versed in interpretations of this great work becomes purged of every sin. Such a man lives in virtue, profit and pleasure, and acquires Liberation also, O chief of Bharata's race.

निरुक्तमस्य यो वेद सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते॥ अष्टादशपुराणानि धर्मशास्त्राणि सर्वशः। वेदाः साङ्गास्तथैकत्र भारतं चैकतः स्थितम्॥

That which is in this is elsewhere. That which does not occur here occurs no where else. This history is known by the name of Jaya. It should be heard by every one desirous of Liberation.

श्रूयतां सिंहनादोऽयमृषेस्तस्य महात्मनः। अष्टादशपुराणानां कर्तुर्वेदमहोदधेः॥ त्रिभिर्वरिदं पूर्ण कृष्णद्वैपायनः प्रभुः।

It should be read by Brahmanas, by kings, and by women big with children. He who desires Heaven attains to Heaven; and he who desires victory achieves it.

अखिल भारतं चेदं चकार भगवान् मुनिः॥ आकर्य भक्त्या सततं जयाख्यं भारतं महत्।

The woman big with child gets either a son or a daughter highly blessed. The powerful Island-born Krishna, who will not have to come back, and who is Liberation incarnate, made an abstract of the Bharata, moved by the desire of helping the cause of virtue.

श्रीश्च कीर्तिस्तथा विद्या भवन्ति सहिताः सदा॥ धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च मोक्षे च भरतर्षभ। यदिहास्ति तदन्यत्र यन्नेहास्ति न कुत्रचित्॥

A Brahmana desirous of emancipation, A Kshatriya desirous of ruling and a pregnant women desirous of having a son should listen to this history named as Jaya. One who desires the heaven achieve the same and the man desirous of victory in war achieve the same and pregnant women gets an able son or a luckiest daughter, In case, these recite or listen to this Bharata. The renowned sage Krishna Dvaipayana has composed this Bharata in order to establish the rightiousness, because he himself was in the form of emancipation. He made another compilation consisting of sixty lakh of verses.

जयो नामेतिहासोऽयं श्रोतव्यो मोक्षमिच्छता। ब्राह्मणेन च राज्ञा च गर्भिण्या चैव योषिता॥ स्वर्गकामो लभेत् स्वर्ग जयकामो लभेज्जयम्। गर्भिणी लभते पुत्रं कन्यां वा बहुभागिनीम्॥ अनागतश्च मोक्षश्च कृष्णद्वैपायनः प्रभुः। संदर्भ भारतस्यास्य कृतवान् धर्मकाम्यया।॥ षष्टिं शतसहस्राणि चकारान्यां स संहिताम्।

Thirty lakhs of these were placed in the region of the celestials. In the region of the Pitris fifteen lakhs it should be known, are current; while in that of the Yakshas fourteen lakhs are current.

त्रिंशच्छतसहस्राणि देवलोके प्रतिष्ठितम्॥ पित्र्ये पञ्चदशं ज्ञेयं यक्षलोके चतुर्दश।

One lakh is current among human beings. Narada recited the Mahabharata to the gods; Asita-Devala to the Pitris; Shuka to the Rakshasa and the Yakshas; and Vaishampayana to human beings. This history is sacred, and of deep significance, and considered as equal to the Vedas.

एकं शतसहस्रं तु मानुषेषु प्रभाषितम्॥ नारदोऽश्रावयद् देवानसितो देवलः पितॄन्। रक्षोयक्षाशुको मान् वैशम्पायन एव तु॥ इतिहासमिमं पुण्यं महार्थं वेदसम्मितम्।

That man, O Shaunaka, who hears this history, placing a Brahmana before him, acquires both fame and the fruition of all his desires.

व्यासोक्तं श्रूयते येन कृत्वा ब्राह्मणमग्रतः॥ स नरः सर्वकामांश्च कीर्ति प्राप्येह शौनक।

He who, with fervid devotion, listens to a recitation of the Mahabharata, attains (hereafter) to great success on account of the merit that becomes his through understanding even a very small part thereof. All the sins of that man who recites or listens to this history with devotion are washed off.

गच्छेत् परमिकां सिद्धिमत्र मे नास्ति संशयः॥ भारताध्ययनात् पुण्यादपि पादमधीयतः।

Formerly, the great Rishi Vyasa, having composed this work caused his son Shuka to read it with him, along with these four verses.

श्रद्धया परया भक्त्या श्राव्यते चापि येन तु॥ य इमां सहितां पुण्यां पुत्रमध्यापयच्छुकम्।

Thousands of mothers, and fathers, and hundreds of sons and wives arise in the world and depart from it. Others will arise and similarly go away.

मातापितृसहस्राणि पुत्रदारशतानि च। संसारेष्वनुभूतानि यान्ति यास्यन्ति चापरे॥

There are thousands of occasions for joy and hundreds of occasions for fear. These affect only him who is ignorant but never him that is wise.

हर्षस्थानसहस्राणि भयस्थानशतानि च। दिवसे दिवसे मूढमाविशन्ति च पण्डितम्॥

With uplifted arms I am crying aloud but nobody hears me. From Virtue originate Profit and Pleasure. Why should not Virtue, therefore, be sought?

ऊर्ध्वबाहुर्विरोम्येष न च कश्चिच्छणोति मे। धर्मादर्थश्च कामश्च स किमर्थं न सेव्यते॥

For the sake neither of pleasure, not of fear, nor of cupidity should any one renounce Virtue. Indeed, for the sake of even life, one should not renounce Virtue. Virtue is eternal. Pleasure and Pain are not eternal. Jiva is eternal. The cause, however of Jiva's being covered with a body is not so.

न जातु कामान्न भयान्न लोभाद् धर्म त्यजेज्जीवितस्यापि हेतोः। नित्यो धर्मः सुखदुःखे त्वनित्ये जीवो नित्यो हेतुरस्य त्वनित्यः॥

That man who, arising early in the morning, reads this Savitri of the Bharata, acquires all the rewards attached to a recitation of this history and ultimately attains to the highest Brahma.

इमा भारतसावित्री प्रातरुत्थाय यः पठेत्। स भारतफलं प्राप्य परं ब्रह्माधिगच्छति॥

As the sacred Ocean, as the Himavat mountain, are both, considered as mines of precious gems, so is this Bharata.

यथा समुद्रो भगवान् यथा हि हिमवान् गिरिः। ख्यातावुभौ रत्ननिधी तथा भारतमुच्यते॥

The learned man, by reciting in others this Veda or Agama composed by (the Island-born) Krishna, acquires wealth. There is no doubt in this that he who, with rapt attention, recites this history called Bharata, acquires great success.

कार्यों वेदमिमं विद्वाश्रावयित्वार्थमश्नुते। इदं भारतमाख्यानं यः पठेत् सुसमाहितः। स गच्छेत् परमां सिद्धिमिति मे नास्ति संशयः॥

What need has that man of a sprinkling of the waters of Pushkara who attentively listens to this Bharata, while it is recited to him? It represents the nectar that dropped from the lips of the Island-born. It is immeasurable, sacred, sanctifying, sincleansing, and auspicious.

द्वैपायनोष्ठपुटनिःसृतममप्रेयं पुण्यं पवित्रमथ पापहरं शिवं च। यो भारतं समधिगच्छति वाच्यमान। किं तस्य पुष्करजलैरभिषेचनेन॥

Who gives hundred cows, with horns cased in gold to a most learned Brahmana, well versed in the Vedas and one who listens the sacred story of Bharata every day, both acquire equal fruit.

यो गोशतं कनकशृङ्गमयं ददाति विप्राय वेदविदुषे सुबहुश्रुताया पुण्यां च भारतकथां सततं शृणोति तुल्यं फलं भवति तस्य च तस्य चैव॥

Janamejaya said O holy one, according to what rites should the learned listen to the Bharata? What are the fruits? What deities are to be adored during the several Parnas?

जनमेजय उवाच भगवन् केन विधिना श्रोतव्यं भारतं बुधैः। फलं किं के च देवाश्च पूज्या वै पारणेष्विह॥

What should be the gifts that one should make, O holy one, at every Parva or sacred day (during the continuance of the recitation)? What should be the qualifications of the reciter to be engaged? Tell me all this.

देयं समाप्ते भगवन् किं च पर्वणि पर्वणि। वाचकः कीदृशश्चात्र एष्टव्यस्तद् वदस्व मे॥

Vaishampayana said Hear, O king, what that procedure is, and what the fruits, O Bharata, are which will originate from ones' listening (to a recitation of the Bharata). This, O king of kings, is what you ask me.

वैशम्पायन उवाच शृणु राजन् विधिमिमं फलं यच्चापि भारतात्। श्रुताद् भवति राजेन्द्र यत् त्वं मामनुपृच्छसि॥

The deities, O king come to this world for sport. Having achieved their task, they ascended one more to the celestial region.

दिवि देवा महीपाल क्रीडार्थमवनिं गताः। कृत्वा कार्यमिदं चैव ततश्च दिवमागताः॥

Listen to what I tell you briefly. Is the Mahabharata is to be found the births of Rishis and deities on the Earth.

हन्त यत् ते प्रवक्ष्यामि तच्छृणुष्व समाहितः। ऋषीणां देवतानां च सम्भवं वसुधातले॥

In this work, called Bharata, o foremost one of Bharata's race, are to be seen in one place the eternal Rudras, the Saddhyas. And the Vishvedevas; the Adityas, the two deities named the Ashvins, the regents of the World, the great Rishis, the Guhyakas, the Gandharvas, the Nagas, the Vidyadharas, the Siddhas, the diverse deities, the Self-born visible in a body, with many ascetics; the Hills and Mountains. Oceans and Seas, and Rivers; the various tribes of Apsaras; the Planets, the Years, the Half-Years, and the Seasons; and the whole universe of mobile and immobile objects, with all the celestials and Asuras.

अत्र रुद्रास्तथा साध्या विश्वेदेवाच शाश्वताः। आदित्याशाश्विनौ देवौ लोकपाला महर्षयः॥ गुह्यकाश्च सगन्धर्वा नागा विद्याधरास्तथा। सिद्धा धर्मः स्वयम्भूश्च मुनिः कात्यायनो वरः॥ गिरयः सागरा नद्यस्तथैवाप्सरसां गणाः। ग्रहाः संवत्सराश्चैव अयनान्यतवस्तथा॥ स्थावरं जङ्गमं चैव जगत् सर्वं सुरासुरम्। भारते भरतश्रेष्ठ एकस्थमिह दृश्यते॥

Hearing their celebrity, and on account of a recitation of their names and achievements, a man, who has committed even terrible sins, will be cleansed.

तेषां श्रुत्वा प्रतिष्ठानं नामकर्मानुकीर्तनात्। कृत्वापि पातकं घोरं सद्यो मुच्यते मानवः॥

Having with a concentrated soul and purified body, heard this history duly, from the beginning, and having reached its end, one should make Shraddha offerings, O Bharata, to them (of whom one has heard) To the Brahmanas also, O chief of Bharata's race, should, with due devotion and according to one's power, be made large gifts and various kinds of gems, and kine, and vessels of white brass for milking kine, and maidens decked with every ornament, and possessed of every accomplishment suited to the enjoyment, as also various, plots of land and cloths.

इतिहासमिमं श्रुत्वा यथावदनुपूर्वशः। संयतात्मा शुचिर्भूत्वा पारं गत्वा च भारते॥ तेषां श्राद्धानि देयानि श्रुत्वा भारत भारतम्। ब्राह्मणेभ्यो यथाशक्त्या भक्त्या च भरतर्षभ॥ महादानानि देयानि रत्नानि विविधानि च। गावः कांस्योपदोहाच कन्याश्चैव स्वलंकृताः॥ सर्वकामगुणोपेता यानानि विविधानि च। भवनानि विचित्राणि भूमिर्वासांसि काञ्चनम्॥

Animals also should be given, such as horses and elephants, and beds, and covered conveyances borne on the shoulders of men, and well-decked cars.

वाहनानि च देयानि हया मत्ताश्च वारणाः। शयनं शिबिकाश्चैव स्यन्दनाश्च स्वलंकृताः॥

Whatever objects are in the house, of the foremost kind, whatever wealth of great value is in it, should be given away to Brahmanas. Indeed, one should give away one's ownself, wives and children.

यद् यद् गृहे वरं किञ्चिद् यद् यदस्ति महद् वसु। तद् तद् देयं द्विजातिभ्य आत्मा दाराश्च सूनवः॥

One desirous of hearing the Bharata should hear it without a doubting heart, with cheerfulness and joy; and as he goes of listening to its recitation, he should, according to the extent of his power, make gift with great devotion.

श्रद्धया परया युक्तं क्रमशस्तस्य पारगः। शक्तितः सुमना हृष्टः शुश्रूषूरविकल्पकः॥

Hear how a person who is devoted to truth and sincerity, who is self-controlled, pure (in mind), and observant of those deeds which lead to purity of body, that is endued with faith, and that has subjugated anger, acquires success.

सत्यार्जवरतो दान्तः शुचिः शौचसमन्वितः। श्रद्दधानो जितक्रोधो यथा सिध्यति तच्छृणु।॥

He should appoint as reciter one who is pure (of body), who is endued with good and pious conduct, who should be robed in white, who should have a complete mastery over his passions, who is cleansed of all offences, who is conversant with every branch of learning, who is endued with faith, who is free from malice who is possessed of handsome features, who is blessed, self-controlled, truthful and with passions under control, and who is beloved of all for the gifts he makes and the honours of which he is the possessor,

शुचिः शीलान्विताचारः शुक्लवासा जितेन्द्रियः। संस्कृतः सर्वशास्त्रज्ञः श्रद्दधानोऽनसूयकः॥ रूपवान् सुभगो दान्तः सत्यवादी जितेन्द्रियः। दानमानगृहीतश्च कार्यो भवति वाचकः॥

The reciter, seated at his asana free from all bodily complaints, and with rapt attention, should recite the text without slowness, without a labouring voice, without being fast or quick, quietly, with sufficient energy, without confusing the letters and words together, in a sweet intonation and with such accent and emphasis as would show the sense, giving full utterance to the there and sixty letters of the alphabet from the eight places of their formation.

अविलम्बमनायस्तमद्रुतं धीरमूर्जितम्। असंसक्ताक्षरपदं स्वरभावसमन्वितम्॥ त्रिषष्टिवर्णसंयुक्तमष्टस्थानसमीरितम्। वाचयेद् वाचकः स्वस्थः स्वासीनः सुसमाहितः॥२२