Not sure I get the idea. Why does it matter? There is no messaging protocols for people, except for IRC, maybe. No human normally speaks XMPP, MSNP, MQTT, MTProto or anything like that.<p>And, for example, Signal essentially uses GCM (thus, XMPP, although in an uncommon manner) as a primary choice for their transport layer.<p>XMPP isn&#x27;t dead. It&#x27;s just that a) it has some warts and b) large vendors don&#x27;t give a damn about interoperability or anything (Google tried to persuade others to interconnect, haven&#x27;t worked for them, they shut it back) and prefer their own walled gardens.