This is also similar in the BSM-SG model:<p>Alpha could be different in different galaxies. It will not vary in a galaxy but maybe vary between galaxies. This is not clear, most likely not. It has much to do with the early stages of galaxy crystallization which could be the same for all galaxies.<p>It has a geometrical underlying principle in BSM-SG. c is also derived, e more or less, not so sure with h, guess you could.<p>Most of the &#x27;constants&#x27; from the standard model are derived in BSM-SG, there are only very few underlying constants.