<p><pre><code>  &gt; I found a cat that does not like milk.
  &gt;
  &gt; Therefore, if I see a cat, I can draw no inference
  &gt; about the probability that they like milk.
</code></pre>
This is not correct. It is correct to say that having found a cat that does not like milk, we know that cats do not <i>necessarily</i> like milk. That is valuable and relevant.<p>But nevertheless, we can still have some confidence that, absent other indicators, cats like milk.<p>p.s. Here’s another example closer to home of a “cat that did not like milk:” Roy Cohn, who carried out anti-homosexual witch hunts, and later died of AIDS.<p>Edit: Adding link to <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Roy_Cohn" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Roy_Cohn</a>