To your first point, I think that&#x27;s correct when you reach a certain level of granularity, like specific issues. Very often what can happen when people lose the distinction between Party and Belief is that (as touched on in the article):<p>1. We can only think of two viewpoints<p>2. We unintentionally assume viewpoints at a level of less granularity;<p>In explanation of (2), consider that the Iyengar&#x27;s study finds implicit bias not against &quot;People who Disagree with you on Issue C&quot; but &quot;The Word Republican&#x2F;Democrat&quot; and that this bias was also exhibited by Independents and Leaners.<p>To your second point, that the side-picking is mostly separate from everyday life, consider the last section of the Iyengar study, which finds that even in non-political contexts, like awarding scholarships, a signal on a resume indicating ties to a Party exerts a very strong impact on which candidate is selected.<p>The obvious answer is to say, &quot;Don&#x27;t associate yourself with the D&#x2F;R Party unless you agree with all of their viewpoints,&quot; but I believe we can end up with an even better answer that allows people to get organized even when they don&#x27;t completely agree on every single thing, and for us to perhaps make fewer incorrect judgements based on this organization.