I wouldn&#x27;t call Scala a “functional” language. It&#x27;s an object-oriented language that happens to be able to encode many Haskell idioms, with varying degrees of awkwardness. But you can write Java in Scala too, and, in the eyes of some, the result will even be more natural.<p>Out of curiosity: Would you consider Prolog a language in which you can do “denotational” programming?