&gt; To add to your point, holding opposing ideas in your mind doesn&#x27;t mean you accept both ideas as correct and valid and good (as in the Orwell quote). It just means that you can appreciate them and understand some of the points they try to make.<p>If two theses conflict each other at least one of them (perhaps even both) must be wrong. That is basic science. This is also why physicists still try to unify general relativity and quantum physics. So instead of accepting multiple ideas use your mind to<p>1. create predictions that each of the conflicting theses imply, such that the two theses will do different predictions, which if they can&#x27;t be observed will convince you that the thesis was wrong.<p>2. develop an experiment with which you can observe these predictions<p>3. execute the experiment