The problem is that nobody&#x27;s doing replication work in undergrad, either, nor does it happen in Master&#x27;s programs.<p>I do think it makes sense to stick with the PhD meaning you&#x27;re a world class expert in some area, but if so then we need to adjust our expectations for what Master&#x27;s level work means in the sciences. Right now it seems to just represent a hurdle you need to whiz past on your way to the PhD.