"[...] the available energy was never utilized very effectively"<p>Doesn't that apply to all big corporations to some degree? I think it's a tradeoff between using each individual's potential and utilizing economies of scale. The latter requires coordination of many people, which reduces the leeway for all individuals involved.<p>Corporate culture is certainly important, but no corporate culture can completely overcome the limitations imposed by utilizing size. At least that's what the ad-hoc scientist in my head says, you know, the one that never reveals any sources ;-)