The “Safe Harbor” rule had been in place since 2000 and is now essentially invalid. So each country in the EU will have to rule whether they authorise the data to be transferred back to the US.<p>The problem it seems to cause is for companies who have European employees on payroll, and do not have a European entity. Also, small(er) businesses (who can&#x27;t afford data-centres unlike Amazon or Facebook) may be losing a competitive advantage in Europe.