With Power Pivot it&#x27;s quite a bit better, this guy did 122 million rows:<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.microsofttrends.com&#x2F;2014&#x2F;02&#x2F;09&#x2F;how-much-data-can-powerpivot-really-manage-how-about-122-million-records&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.microsofttrends.com&#x2F;2014&#x2F;02&#x2F;09&#x2F;how-much-data-can-...</a><p>If that&#x27;s not enough you can do SSAS Tabular + DirectQuery (although to be fair, that&#x27;s no longer &quot;pure Excel&quot;, but an end user likely doesn&#x27;t care):<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;msdn.microsoft.com&#x2F;en-us&#x2F;library&#x2F;hh230898.aspx" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;msdn.microsoft.com&#x2F;en-us&#x2F;library&#x2F;hh230898.aspx</a>