Just to toss another name into the ring, I&#x27;d say that Fortran is pretty suitable for numeric calculations of all sorts.<p>I like R as a higher level language (or I guess tools like SPSS or preferably PSPP for even higher level stuff). These days I do most of my academia stuff with R (mostly hypothesis and equivalence testing and the things related to it like power analysis etc.)<p>I&#x27;ve never really looked into Python which is strange because I use it as a &quot;glue language&quot; quite often. I think I&#x27;ll investigate Python a bit more next time I have to actually collect and clean up the data before using it. Right now I&#x27;m more of a consumer (mostly using data from our experiments that are turned into CSV)