One interesting angle on this is that the grid is decarbonizing (e.g. just a switch from coal to gas can have a big impact).<p>It seems that currently the two things (modern efficient ICE versus EV) are roughly comparable, but which is improving faster and predicted to continue improving in the future?<p>Many of the proper scientific studies on this use years old grid data since newer info takes a while to collate and get published, so possibly EVs have already pulled ahead.