Not really. You&#x27;re considered a Jew by other Jews if at least one of your parents is Jewish (your mother in most sects, your father in a few other sects). That&#x27;s very tribalistic. So, what&#x27;s the common communal identifier of Jews? Jewish culture, and interwoven with that, Judaism. You can&#x27;t separate the religious from the cultural component of that communal identity, and you can&#x27;t separate Jewish culture from Jewish people.<p>This also shows in how Israel regulates its immigration: both people with ethnically Jewish roots (at least one of your grandparents) and people of Jewish belief where ethnic roots hadn&#x27;t been established at that time (biggest example: Ethiopian Jews) are accepted and granted citizenship.<p>Conversion of people to Judaism are relatively rare, and are really a more recent phenomenon. Jews don&#x27;t proselytize and often discourage conversion. Samaritans, the &quot;sister&quot; religion of Judaism (both derive from the Israelites from before the destruction of the first temple), are similar but even more extreme in that. How more tribalistic than that can you get?