So, for clarity: your answer to my second question is &quot;no, such a world is inherently unfair&quot;?<p>&gt;  Programming is a purely intellectual activity, so I would argue that there is no gender or racial advantage one way or the other.<p>Thank you for so succinctly stating the blank-slate position. I don&#x27;t see any reason to agree with it. You acknowledge that there are important group differences below the neck; why should there be none above it?<p>&gt; majority of programmers used to be women<p>I read that article too. You don&#x27;t mention that &quot;programming&quot; back then was largely data entry.