<i>&gt; At my old social network site, they detected malware that must have come from ad&#x2F;tracking networks because those pages had no UGC. This suggests they were using Windows virtual machines (among others) and very likely using browsers other than a heavily modified curl &#x2F; wget and a headless Chrome.</i><p>I think you&#x27;re making a number of wild assumptions there. You can scan and detect malware without running Windows; and there&#x27;s a whole gulf of different technologies between running desktop browsers and running a modified version of curl.<p>With regards to your browser point, normally I&#x27;d probably suggest that Google would be running node and making use of their own V8 Javascript engine to headlessly render the pages. However Google have the resources to build something much more bespoke so I think it would be foolish of me to make blind assumptions given how little I actually know about their internal technology.