The ICO is a member of the Article 29 Working Party (the WP is made up of a representative from each of the 28 EU Member States + the European Commission and EU bodies dealing with data protection, as detailed in Article 29 of the Data Protection Directive).<p>The WP is designed to make sure that Member States&#x27; Data Protection Authorities apply the DPD in a roughly uniform manner.<p>Of course, if the ICO deviates from the DPD then any party is able to appeal to the First-Tier Tribunal, the Upper Tribunal and the Court of Appeal who may then refer any questions of EU law to the ECJ in a similar way to Schrems&#x27; case.