&gt; The President of the United States is the only person in the U.S. government that can sign and negotiate treaties.<p>So far so good.<p>&gt; Congress has no role in the treaty process except that the Senate must be notified in the event the President has made a sole-executive agreement.<p>Quite wrong. Go reread article II: the President&#x27;s treaty-making power is subject to the &quot;advice and consent&quot; of the Senate. What that means is that the President can negotiate and sign all the treaties he wants, but none of them have force of law until the Senate gives its consent, expressed through a supermajority approval.<p>Sole executive agreements -- which are <i>not</i> exercises of the treaty power -- are limited in scope to things the President would be, with or without dealing with another state, empowered to do through executive action.<p>Of course, just because something is negotiated <i>like</i> a treaty doesn&#x27;t mean it <i>is</i> a treaty. It can instead be, in effect, a sole executive agreement to seek a particular change in domestic law, which is then effectuated through a normal law, rather than treaty ratification. Which is, actually, how many trade agreements, including TPP (and, earlier, among others, NAFTA) work. Its why &quot;Fast track&quot; authority is a big deal, because it effects the rules in Congress for considering laws which are implementations of such trade deals.