&gt;That&#x27;s in the case of clear-cut predictions from theory or empirical relations. But bias generally arises in a more subtle fashion than statistics on measurements, though. Even if you have a &quot;5-sigma result&quot;, it still needs to be interpreted, and that&#x27;s where biases can rear their heads.<p>I agree, interpretation is the tricky thing. The difference is that in social sciences, both the result and the interpretation are suspect.