The manufactures were required to &quot;pass&quot; the tests. They did. The tests were not fit for purpose.  Fix the tests or GIVE UP.  You will NEVER get the manufactures to act as moral entities -- they are amoral.  They are profit machines and are required by law to be that way.  The comparison to aircraft manufacturing only works if you are arguing aircraft manufactures and industry bodies design and implement similarly stupid tests -- they simply don&#x27;t.  Failing aircraft parts cause readily identifiable deaths, NOx requires large scale, organised statistical inference, which, lo, is also in the laps of the regulators.  Sound, impartial, rational testing is the only way to improve the current situation -- I would argue the current situation is none of these things and was stillborn as a regime.