The resource curse and the Dutch disease are two distinct, but linked, phenomena.<p>The long and short of the dutch disease is that if you introduce a revenue source that is independent of the rest of your economy and pour all of the money into your economy, it will cause your currency to appreciate, making every product made in your country less competitive. So even while your country keeps getting richer through oil revenues, all the rest of your economy stagnates or decays, until you import most of what you consume and are wholly dependent on your oil revenues.<p>Note that this is not limited to oil. The Spanish went through this in the 16th and 17th centuries because of silver imported from the new world.