My belief is that advanced civilizations would naturally end up with what is effectively population control, without any actual active work towards that goal. As birth control becomes easy and prevalent, unwanted pregnancies stop happening. And it seems reasonable to me that, given greatly extended life span &#x2F; effective immortality, people will naturally choose to wait longer before having children (if they have any at all) and will have relatively few children and&#x2F;or will have a long duration between children. So this does pretty much amount to population control, without having any actual restriction on any given individual&#x27;s ability to have children.