An overaggressive pattern recognizer coupled with an overaggressive double-checker (something that pattern matches for incorrect results) is still a stronger system than the overaggressive pattern matcher alone. And depending on the shape of the data, it can be far more effective than a single statistically correct pattern recognizer. There&#x27;s an interesting bit of math here that I&#x27;m not sure has been laid out in any accessible fashion yet, but I&#x27;d have to check around a bit.<p>The human brain more or less works because of this - it overtrains on every signal it takes in, recognizing patterns that it has no statistical justification to pick out. But since it&#x27;s simultaneously (over)training the process of <i>rejecting</i> those false patterns, it all works out okay, and it&#x27;s actually far more effective than if it only made &quot;proper&quot; inferences from the data coming in, at least in the world we live in.