Not terribly surprising. Their engineers are competent, it&#x27;s just that the US (where diesels are less popular) set some rather unpleasant requirements for diesel cars, in particular insisting that they couldn&#x27;t require the diesel exhaust fluid tank to be topped up by the end user and setting lower NO2 limits. In order to meet these conflicting requirements, VW cheated. I think some of the VWs they tested actually have the same engine and emissions control system as some of the US models that cheated, just without the defeat device intended to reduce exhaust fluid usage.