From the abstract: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;hubblesite.org&#x2F;pubinfo&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;2016&#x2F;18&#x2F;pdf.pdf" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;hubblesite.org&#x2F;pubinfo&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;2016&#x2F;18&#x2F;pdf.pdf</a><p>&gt;<i>We find that the properties of Makemake’s moon suggest
that the majority of the dark material detected in the system by thermal observations may not reside
on the surface of Makemake, but may instead be attributable to S&#x2F;2015 (136472) 1 having a uniform
dark surface. This “dark moon hypothesis” can be directly tested with future JWST observations.</i>