&gt; Virtually everyone seriously condoning torture believe it is effective. If they were to believe it wasn&#x27;t effective, they wouldn&#x27;t order it to be done.<p>Not that simple. They &quot;say&quot; they believe is it is effective. The reason they do it is not necessarily the same.<p>People have sadistic tendencies and will torture and inflict pain on others just for pleasure and amusement. Bullies do it on playgrounds, people in power do it to their subordinates, others torture animals for pleasure and so on.<p>I don&#x27;t buy the idea that just because they ended up as advisory experts to the Pentagon, or they rose into power it somehow means those tendencies are not there.