&gt; And I disagree that the number of subjects doesn&#x27;t matter. It matters enormously, precisely because this is a biology experiment.<p>It&#x27;s ironic that you say this so definitively when you were the one asking for help interpreting the statistics originally.<p>Lisper is completely correct. Given a large enough effect size, detecting significant differences in a small population is very possible.<p>The statistics are sound. The assumption we should be questioning is where the subjects came from and if they are actually representative of the population that we are extrapolating this result to.