The Java ecosystem is fairly complex and it&#x27;s hard to understand.  Your statement of &quot;Oracle essentially has a monopoly on Java&quot; is not true, considering Java language is used to built Android apps, runs on diff VM and uses different bytecode -- outside the control of Oracle (about 2M andorid apps and 1.6B phone sold).  Another thing to consider, the JVM is an open spec and most of it is open sourced, see OpenJDK.  There is also many implementations of the JVM, see; <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;List_of_Java_virtual_machines" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;List_of_Java_virtual_machines</a>