I think you are being a bit pedantic here. His example merely demonstrated that if consciousness is a function of reality (and for the sake of his example he more or less explicitly makes the assumption that there is an observer independent reality) it can be either optimized on how closely it matches said reality OR how much that function helps survival. So if you assume that there is an observer independent reality the projection of that (consciousness) function will most likely divert from reality (at least that&#x27;s the argument Hoffman makes). Needless to say that if you assume that there is no observer independent reality then a whole lot of questions about perception become moot (ie. everybody sees what he wants&#x2F;can).