I think you&#x27;re taking a wrong look at this paper.  This paper isn&#x27;t actually about whether or not type 3 societies exist.  This paper is about the fact that there appear to be no galactic clusters that show a particularly abnormal, greater, amount of electromagnetic emission than the known standard.  Which, actually, I&#x27;m pretty dang surprised hasn&#x27;t been searched for already.  Then, in order to be a little whimsical and make sure the paper gets read, (s)he explains where they came up with the idea for this experiment.<p>Seems to me like a completely rationale thing to measure about the universe.  Imagine if the result had come back true?