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What causes ocean currents? Ocean currents result from two processes - the action of wind on the surface of the water, and from variation in water temperature that causes movement- a process known as convection. Convection occurs because the oceanic waters heat up becoming less dense. This water moves above the cooler water, and give off its heat to the surrounding environment. As it cools, it begins to sink, and the process begins again. Convection results in the continual circulation of ocean water on a global scale.
Ocean water circulates in currents caused mainly by wind friction at the surface (10% of the world ocean. i.e. mostly above the pycnocline). The Coriolis effect and obstruction to flow by continental margins result in surface currents organized into huge circuits known as gyres.he velocity of the Earth's surface increases toward the equator relative to the sideway velocity of the cannon ball (or the air mass of wind). Hence the path will be deflected to the right in the nortern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere-the Coriolis effect.