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The presiding judge of a court is the top judge and manager of court operations. The presiding judge decides which judge will oversee which case hearings. This judge is also the top judge in a panel of three or more judges, which holds true in both federal appeals courts and state courts. The presiding judge performs many management functions for the court.
The convening authority decides on the disposition of cases to investigation and trial, and also selects the members of a court-martial. The appointees serve as the military judge and members of the panel, which decides the guilt or innocence of a person standing trial before the court-martial or military commission.