In enzymes, some of these amino acids form a site in the structure that catalyzes the enzymatic reaction. This site, called the active site of the enzyme, has amino acids that bind specifically to the substrate molecule, also called a ligand (Fig. 2). In a similar manner, certain sites in cell receptor proteins bind to specific ligand molecules that the receptor recognizes.
When did France's second empire end? The Second Empire ended with the swift and catastrophic defeat of  France in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. The war was engineered  by Bismarck with the idea that Germany â¦would be united.This  included the capture by the Prussians of the Napoleon III. Then the  proclamation at Versailles of the German Empire, the loss to France  of Alsace and Lorraine, and the proclamation of the Third Republic.
Fourth Reich. The Fourth Reich (German: Viertes Reich) is a hypothetical future German empire that is the successor to Nazi Germany (1933â1945). The term Third Reich was coined by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck as the title of his 1923 book Das Dritte Reich. It refers to Nazi Germany. It was used by the Nazis for propaganda purposes to legitimize their regime as a successor state to the retroactively-renamed First Reich (the Holy Roman Empire, 962â1806) and the Second Reich (Imperial Germany, 1871â1918).