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1 Ratio of the salt to the acid or base. 2  The buffer capacity is optimal when the ratio is 1:1; that is, when pH = pKa. 3  Total buffer concentration. 4  For example, it will take more acid or base to deplete a 0.5 M buffer than a 0.05 M buffer.
Based on Graph 1, the acid-base mixture shows maximal buffering capacity at pH 6.12 and pH 9.45. The effective buffering range of a buffer is between Ã¢Â±1 of the maximal buffering capacity. Thus, the effective buffering range of histidine is pH 5.12 to pH 7.12 and pH 8.45 to pH 10.45. If NaOH has not been accurately prepared, method used in (c)(i) will give a more reliable estimate of the pKa values.