- an introduction or tutorial to the essentials of phase locked loop, PLL frequency synthesizer operation and design. PLL frequency synthesizers are widely used in all forms of radio communications equipment today.
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
This is the Right Hand Rule for magnetic field from flowing current, and for magnetic field in a coil. When current flows in a wire, a magnetic field is created around the wire. To visualize this, take your right hand, curl the fingers, and stick the thumb straight out.