Verb. 1. impel-urge or force (a person) to an action; constrain or motivate. force. cause, do, make-give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; cause a commotion; make a stir; cause an accident.= force) â noetigen; nÃ¶tigen to impel somebody to do â something (jdn) dazu, noetigen nÃ¶tigen etw; zu tun to (impel)somebody in â to action Jdn zum. (= handeln noetigen) â (nÃ¶tigen)drive. on voran treiben
1 Ratio of the salt to the acid or base. 2  The buffer capacity is optimal when the ratio is 1:1; that is, when pH = pKa. 3  Total buffer concentration. 4  For example, it will take more acid or base to deplete a 0.5 M buffer than a 0.05 M buffer.
The buffer may be made by adding 0.12 g anhydrous citric acid and 0.11 g sodium citrate dihydrate to 100 ml water. How the calculation works. Using the three pK's of citric acid and the pH, the ratio's of each of the citrate pairs is calculated. For example, the first ionization is given by: H 3 + + H 2 Cit -.