- an introduction or tutorial to the essentials of phase locked loop, PLL frequency synthesizer operation and design. PLL frequency synthesizers are widely used in all forms of radio communications equipment today.
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
Due to the twists in the cable, the measured length will be greater than the physical length, so if a run looks like it might be over 80m it would be wise to check it before it is tied up and terminated. attenuation This is the decrease in signal strength (expressed as negative dB) from one end of a cable to the other.