Mutations in the CSA or CSB complementation genes cause the Cockayne syndrome, a severe genetic disorder that results in patientsâ death in early adulthood. CSA and CSB act in a transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathway, but their functional relationship is not understood. We have previously shown that CSA is a subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here we demonstrate that CSB is a substrate of this ligase: Following UV irradiation, CSB is degraded at a late stage of the repair process in a proteasome- and CSA-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of CSB degradation for post-TCR recovery of transcription and for the Cockayne syndrome.
Every year, over 100 million cell phones are made obsolete. The average life span of a cell phone is just 18 months. The average American cell phone user owns three or more cellular phones. Up to 75% of obsolete phones are stockpiled in drawers, including the battery and the charger [8]
Most lithium-ion batteries, used by major retailers like Samsung and Apple, should last between three and five years, if you take proper care of it. See also: 7 Ways You're Killing Your Tech. Here's the truth behind five major phone charging myths.