If you are, talk to a doctor about when you need to start getting mammograms or other tests. Cervical Cancer Testing. Starting at age 30, women at average risk should get a Pap test and HPV test every 5 years (the preferred approach) or they can continue to get only a Pap test every 3 years.f you are, talk to a doctor about when you need to start getting mammograms or other tests. Cervical Cancer Testing. Starting at age 30, women at average risk should get a Pap test and HPV test every 5 years (the preferred approach) or they can continue to get only a Pap test every 3 years.
A spinal reflex is a reflexive action mediated by cells in the spinal cord, bypassing the brain altogether. A classic example is the kneejerk or patellar reflex, where the leg jerks when the kneecap is struck with a brisk tap. spinal reflex will bypass the brain and is an action only by the cells in the spinal cord.
The spinal cord is a long, fragile tubelike structure that begins at the end of the brain stem and continues down almost to the bottom of the spine (spinal column). The spinal cord consists of nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It is also the center for reflexes, such as the knee jerk reflex (see Figure: Reflex Arc: A No-Brainer). Like the brain, the spinal cord is covered by three layers of tissue (meninges). The spinal cord and meninges are contained in the spinal canal, which runs through the center of the spine. In most adults, the spine is composed of 26 individual back bones (vertebrae).