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The phi X 174 (or ÏX174) bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced.This work was completed by Fred Sanger and his team in 1977. In 1962, Walter Fiers and Robert Sinsheimer had already demonstrated the physical, covalently closed circularity of ÏX174 DNA.n 2003, it was reported by Craig Venter's group that the genome of ÏX174 was the first to be completely assembled in vitro from synthesized oligonucleotides. The ÏX174 virus particle has also been successfully assembled in vitro.
Bacteriophages occur abundantly in the biosphere, with different virions, genomes and lifestyles. Phages are classified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) according to morphology and nucleic acid.Nineteen families are currently recognized by the ICTV that infect bacteria and archaea. Of these, only two families have RNA genomes and only five families are enveloped.n this electron micrograph of bacteriophages attached to a bacterial cell, the viruses are the size and shape of coliphage T1. To enter a host cell, bacteriophages attach to specific receptors on the surface of bacteria, including lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, proteins, or even flagella.