In the home, water hammer may occur when a dishwasher, washing machine, or toilet shuts off water flow. The result may be heard as a loud bang, repetitive banging (as the shock wave travels back and forth in the plumbing system), or as some shuddering.o for a valve closing instantaneously, the maximum magnitude of the water hammer pulse is: where Î´ P is the magnitude of the pressure wave (Pa), Ï is the density of the fluid (kgm â3), a0 is the speed of sound in the fluid (ms â1), and Î´ v is the change in the fluid's velocity (ms â1).
CHKD - Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, All Acronyms, viewed January 26, 2018, <https://www.allacronyms.com/CHKD/Children%27s_Hospital_of_The_King%27s_Daughters> mla All Acronyms.
Congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth.Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of problem.ost of the known causes of congenital heart disease are sporadic genetic changes, either focal mutations or deletion or addition of segments of DNA. Large chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies 21, 13, and 18 cause about 5â8% of cases of CHD, with trisomy 21 being the most common genetic cause.