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The presiding judge of a court is the top judge and manager of court operations. The presiding judge decides which judge will oversee which case hearings. This judge is also the top judge in a panel of three or more judges, which holds true in both federal appeals courts and state courts. The presiding judge performs many management functions for the court.
The precedents to be applied in the decision of each new case are determined by the presiding judge. As a result, judges have an enormous role in shaping American and British law. Common law functions as an adversarial system, a contest between two opposing parties before a judge who moderates.