1 We defined undercooking as cooking to less than 155Â°F because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code says that restaurants should cook ground beef to 155Â°F for 15 seconds. 2  We also looked at whether restaurants used a thermometer to check final temperatures of hamburgers. Undercooking of ground beef. 2  We defined undercooking as cooking to less than 155Â°F because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code says that restaurants should cook ground beef to 155Â°F for 15 seconds.
smithsonian.com. David J. Skorton, president of Cornell University, a cardiologist and a jazz musician, was named the 13th Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution today. He will succeed current secretary G. Wayne Clough, who will retire at the end of this year.
Act of Organization. The Smithsonian Institution was created as a federal establishment, not part of the three branches of government, managed by a self-perpetuating Board of Regents. The Smithsonian Regents had to decide how to carry out Smithson's vague mandate and the broad legislation. Their first act was to build a home for the Institution, a Norman Castle designed by architect James Renwick, Jr., located on the National Mall in Washington, DC.