1. The surface of many bacterial species is covered by polysaccharides. These can be in the form of capsules, glycoproteins or glycolipids. In Gram-negative bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also referred to as endotoxin, covers ca. 40% of the bacterial surface.
A consul is a diplomat appointed to live in a foreign country, to protect both her country's interests and citizens living abroad. If you're an American living in Poland, take your troubles to the American consul. In ancient Rome, there were two consuls elected every year to be in charge of the whole city. Like many words, this one developed new meanings and spellings.
1) Commander-in-chief of the Roman armies if there's a war going on. 2) Chief law-maker and new-law-implementer. Laws were made by the consuls and the tribunes of the plebs. The senate also passed what's called the senatorial decrees and these were often treated like laws (they weren't). 3) Head of all other magistrates and could veto everyone's decisions, with the exception of tribunes of the plebs and censors.