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By the time of the famed Roman senator and historian Tacitus (AD 56 to ca. 117), the vow of âdeath before dishonorâ had become âold-fashionedâ and something espoused by the barbari or barbarians such as Caratacus (chief of the British, who revolted against Rome).
By then, Caesar had the Roman legion under his control. Cicero had to flee Rome. When Julius Caesar was assassinated, Augustus, Caesar's adopted son, took charge. He did not call himself a dictator or a king. He called himself emperor. He was the first Roman emperor. Cicero did not care if Rome's leader called himself a dictator, a king, or an emperor. Cicero continued to speak out against the rule of one man and spoke strongly for the virtues of a republic form of government for Rome. Cicero was assassinated because of his speeches against the emperor. Cicero-On the Republic.