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This reaction involves a base (NaOH) and an acid (HCl), so it's a neutralization reaction, which is a special type of double-displacement reaction. Follow this procedure to write balanced molecular equations for double displacement reactions, when you know only the formulas of the reactants:
When put into water, the covalent bonds of HCl break to form H+ and Cl- ions, which increase the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. This creates an acidic solution because there are more H+ ions than OH- ions present. Compounds that add H+ ions to solutions are called acids. In contrast, there are also substances like ammonia (NH3) that are bases because they cause the H+ ion concentration to decrease, resulting in a basic solution.