As with Spanish moss and ball moss, lichens are often blamed for the decline and death of shrubs and trees. And, as with Spanish moss and ball moss, although lichens are frequently seen growing on the bark of plants, they do not cause harm.
Experimental: Split dose preparation; PM colonoscopy. Three hourly doses of lactulose for oral solution are taken in the evening prior to the day of the colonoscopy procedure; one dose is taken on the morning of the procedure. The colonoscopy is initiated after noon.
Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is not absorbed by humans. Lactulose is well known to measure oro-cecal transit time. The mean oro-cecal transit time in normal healthy individuals is 70 to 90 minutes. By 90 minutes, at least 50% of individuals would have delivered the lactulose dose to the colon.