In enzymes, some of these amino acids form a site in the structure that catalyzes the enzymatic reaction. This site, called the active site of the enzyme, has amino acids that bind specifically to the substrate molecule, also called a ligand (Fig. 2). In a similar manner, certain sites in cell receptor proteins bind to specific ligand molecules that the receptor recognizes.
When did France's second empire end? The Second Empire ended with the swift and catastrophic defeat of  France in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. The war was engineered  by Bismarck with the idea that Germany â¦would be united.This  included the capture by the Prussians of the Napoleon III. Then the  proclamation at Versailles of the German Empire, the loss to France  of Alsace and Lorraine, and the proclamation of the Third Republic.
Typically, parliamentary republics are states that were previously constitutional monarchies with a parliamentary system, with the position of head of state hitherto a monarch. Following the defeat of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War, France once again became a republic-the French Third Republic-in 1870.