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Many believe that 'outside China' means Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh where the 6th Dalai Lama came from, a Tibetan area controlled by India but claimed by China. This would greatly complicate the border demarcation between China and India.
The dispute over Kashmir has been dividing India and Pakistan since the nations were first freed from British rule. Jammu and Kashmir state, the India-controlled portion of the region, has a majority Muslim population like Pakistan.