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<h1 class="relative group"><a id="multiple-choice" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#multiple-choice"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Multiple choice
	</span></h1>

<p>A multiple choice task is similar to question answering, except several candidate answers are provided along with a context. The model is trained to select the correct answer from multiple inputs given a context.</p>
<p>This guide will show you how to fine-tune <a href="https://huggingface.co/bert-base-uncased" rel="nofollow">BERT</a> on the <code>regular</code> configuration of the <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/swag" rel="nofollow">SWAG</a> dataset to select the best answer given multiple options and some context.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="load-swag-dataset" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#load-swag-dataset"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Load SWAG dataset
	</span></h2>

<p>Load the SWAG dataset from the 🤗 Datasets library:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> datasets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> load_dataset

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>swag = load_dataset(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;swag&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;regular&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Then take a look at an example:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>swag[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;train&quot;</span>][<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;ending0&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;passes by walking down the street playing their instruments.&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;ending1&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;has heard approaching them.&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;ending2&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;arrives and they&#x27;re outside dancing and asleep.&quot;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;ending3&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;turns the lead singer watches the performance.&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;fold-ind&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;3416&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;gold-source&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;gold&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;label&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">0</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sent1&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Members of the procession walk down the street holding small horn brass instruments.&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sent2&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;A drum line&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;startphrase&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Members of the procession walk down the street holding small horn brass instruments. A drum line&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;video-id&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;anetv_jkn6uvmqwh4&#x27;</span>}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>The <code>sent1</code> and <code>sent2</code> fields show how a sentence begins, and each <code>ending</code> field shows how a sentence could end. Given the sentence beginning, the model must pick the correct sentence ending as indicated by the <code>label</code> field.</p>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="preprocess" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#preprocess"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Preprocess
	</span></h2>

<p>Load the BERT tokenizer to process the start of each sentence and the four possible endings:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bert-base-uncased&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>The preprocessing function needs to do:</p>
<ol><li>Make four copies of the <code>sent1</code> field so you can combine each of them with <code>sent2</code> to recreate how a sentence starts.</li>
<li>Combine <code>sent2</code> with each of the four possible sentence endings.</li>
<li>Flatten these two lists so you can tokenize them, and then unflatten them afterward so each example has a corresponding <code>input_ids</code>, <code>attention_mask</code>, and <code>labels</code> field.</li></ol>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>ending_names = [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ending0&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;ending1&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;ending2&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;ending3&quot;</span>]


<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">preprocess_function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">examples</span>):
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    first_sentences = [[context] * <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> context <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> examples[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;sent1&quot;</span>]]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    question_headers = examples[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;sent2&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    second_sentences = [
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        [<span class="hljs-string">f&quot;<span class="hljs-subst">{header}</span> <span class="hljs-subst">{examples[end][i]}</span>&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> end <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> ending_names] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i, header <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">enumerate</span>(question_headers)
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    ]

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    first_sentences = <span class="hljs-built_in">sum</span>(first_sentences, [])
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    second_sentences = <span class="hljs-built_in">sum</span>(second_sentences, [])

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    tokenized_examples = tokenizer(first_sentences, second_sentences, truncation=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {k: [v[i : i + <span class="hljs-number">4</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">range</span>(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(v), <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> k, v <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> tokenized_examples.items()}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Use 🤗 Datasets <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/main/en/package_reference/main_classes#datasets.Dataset.map" rel="nofollow">map</a> function to apply the preprocessing function over the entire dataset. You can speed up the <code>map</code> function by setting <code>batched=True</code> to process multiple elements of the dataset at once:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->tokenized_swag = swag.<span class="hljs-built_in">map</span>(preprocess_function, batched=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>🤗 Transformers doesn’t have a data collator for multiple choice, so you will need to create one. You can adapt the <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_19907/en/main_classes/data_collator#transformers.DataCollatorWithPadding">DataCollatorWithPadding</a> to create a batch of examples for multiple choice. It will also <em>dynamically pad</em> your text and labels to the length of the longest element in its batch, so they are a uniform length. While it is possible to pad your text in the <code>tokenizer</code> function by setting <code>padding=True</code>, dynamic padding is more efficient.</p>
<p><code>DataCollatorForMultipleChoice</code> will flatten all the model inputs, apply padding, and then unflatten the results:</p>
<div class="space-y-10 py-6 2xl:py-8 2xl:-mx-4">

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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> dataclasses <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> dataclass
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers.tokenization_utils_base <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> PreTrainedTokenizerBase, PaddingStrategy
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> typing <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>, <span class="hljs-type">Union</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> torch


<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>@dataclass
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">DataCollatorForMultipleChoice</span>:
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    Data collator that will dynamically pad the inputs for multiple choice received.
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizerBase
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    padding: <span class="hljs-type">Union</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">bool</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>, PaddingStrategy] = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    max_length: <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>] = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    pad_to_multiple_of: <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>] = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__call__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, features</span>):
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        label_name = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;label&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;label&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> features[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].keys() <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        labels = [feature.pop(label_name) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> feature <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> features]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch_size = <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(features)
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        num_choices = <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(features[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;input_ids&quot;</span>])
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        flattened_features = [
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            [{k: v[i] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> k, v <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> feature.items()} <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">range</span>(num_choices)] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> feature <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> features
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        ]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        flattened_features = <span class="hljs-built_in">sum</span>(flattened_features, [])

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch = self.tokenizer.pad(
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            flattened_features,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            padding=self.padding,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            max_length=self.max_length,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            pad_to_multiple_of=self.pad_to_multiple_of,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pt&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        )

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch = {k: v.view(batch_size, num_choices, -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> k, v <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> batch.items()}
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>] = torch.tensor(labels, dtype=torch.int64)
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> batch<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div></div></div>
	

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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> dataclasses <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> dataclass
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers.tokenization_utils_base <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> PreTrainedTokenizerBase, PaddingStrategy
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> typing <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>, <span class="hljs-type">Union</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensorflow <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> tf


<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>@dataclass
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">DataCollatorForMultipleChoice</span>:
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;&quot;
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    Data collator that will dynamically pad the inputs for multiple choice received.
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizerBase
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    padding: <span class="hljs-type">Union</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">bool</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>, PaddingStrategy] = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    max_length: <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>] = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    pad_to_multiple_of: <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>] = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">__call__</span>(<span class="hljs-params">self, features</span>):
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        label_name = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;label&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;label&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> features[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].keys() <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        labels = [feature.pop(label_name) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> feature <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> features]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch_size = <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(features)
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        num_choices = <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(features[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;input_ids&quot;</span>])
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        flattened_features = [
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            [{k: v[i] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> k, v <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> feature.items()} <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">range</span>(num_choices)] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> feature <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> features
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        ]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        flattened_features = <span class="hljs-built_in">sum</span>(flattened_features, [])

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch = self.tokenizer.pad(
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            flattened_features,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            padding=self.padding,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            max_length=self.max_length,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            pad_to_multiple_of=self.pad_to_multiple_of,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>            return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;tf&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        )

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch = {k: tf.reshape(v, (batch_size, num_choices, -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> k, v <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> batch.items()}
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        batch[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>] = tf.convert_to_tensor(labels, dtype=tf.int64)
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> batch<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
					</div></div>
	</div>
<h2 class="relative group"><a id="train" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#train"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a>
	<span>Train
	</span></h2>

<div class="space-y-10 py-6 2xl:py-8 2xl:-mx-4">

<div class="border border-gray-200 rounded-xl px-4 relative"><div class="flex h-[22px] mt-[-12.5px] justify-between leading-none"><div class="flex px-1 items-center space-x-1 bg-white dark:bg-gray-950"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><defs><clipPath id="a"><rect x="3.05" y="0.5" width="25.73" height="31" fill="none"></rect></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M24.94,9.51a12.81,12.81,0,0,1,0,18.16,12.68,12.68,0,0,1-18,0,12.81,12.81,0,0,1,0-18.16l9-9V5l-.84.83-6,6a9.58,9.58,0,1,0,13.55,0ZM20.44,9a1.68,1.68,0,1,1,1.67-1.67A1.68,1.68,0,0,1,20.44,9Z" fill="#ee4c2c"></path></g></svg>
			<span>Pytorch</span></div>
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	<div class="framework-content">
<p>Load BERT with <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_19907/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.AutoModelForMultipleChoice">AutoModelForMultipleChoice</a>:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoModelForMultipleChoice, TrainingArguments, Trainer

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>model = AutoModelForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bert-base-uncased&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>If you aren’t familiar with fine-tuning a model with Trainer, take a look at the basic tutorial <a href="../training#finetune-with-trainer">here</a>!</p></div>
<p>At this point, only three steps remain:</p>
<ol><li>Define your training hyperparameters in <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_19907/en/main_classes/trainer#transformers.TrainingArguments">TrainingArguments</a>.</li>
<li>Pass the training arguments to <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_19907/en/main_classes/trainer#transformers.Trainer">Trainer</a> along with the model, dataset, tokenizer, and data collator.</li>
<li>Call <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_19907/en/main_classes/trainer#transformers.Trainer.train">train()</a> to fine-tune your model.</li></ol>

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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>training_args = TrainingArguments(
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    output_dir=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;./results&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    evaluation_strategy=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;epoch&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    learning_rate=<span class="hljs-number">5e-5</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    per_device_train_batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">16</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    per_device_eval_batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">16</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    num_train_epochs=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">0.01</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>)

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>trainer = Trainer(
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    model=model,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    args=training_args,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    train_dataset=tokenized_swag[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;train&quot;</span>],
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    eval_dataset=tokenized_swag[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;validation&quot;</span>],
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    tokenizer=tokenizer,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    data_collator=DataCollatorForMultipleChoice(tokenizer=tokenizer),
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>)

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>trainer.train()<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div></div></div>
	

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<p>To fine-tune a model in TensorFlow, start by converting your datasets to the <code>tf.data.Dataset</code> format with <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_19907/en/main_classes/model#transformers.TFPreTrainedModel.prepare_tf_dataset">prepare_tf_dataset()</a>.</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>data_collator = DataCollatorForMultipleChoice(tokenizer=tokenizer)
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>tf_train_set = model.prepare_tf_dataset(
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    tokenized_swag[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;train&quot;</span>],
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    shuffle=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    batch_size=batch_size,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    collate_fn=data_collator,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>)

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>tf_validation_set = model.prepare_tf_dataset(
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    tokenized_swag[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;validation&quot;</span>],
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    shuffle=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    batch_size=batch_size,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    collate_fn=data_collator,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>


<div class="course-tip  bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p>If you aren’t familiar with fine-tuning a model with Keras, take a look at the basic tutorial <a href="training#finetune-with-keras">here</a>!</p></div>
<p>Set up an optimizer function, learning rate schedule, and some training hyperparameters:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> create_optimizer

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>batch_size = <span class="hljs-number">16</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>num_train_epochs = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>total_train_steps = (<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(tokenized_swag[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;train&quot;</span>]) // batch_size) * num_train_epochs
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>optimizer, schedule = create_optimizer(init_lr=<span class="hljs-number">5e-5</span>, num_warmup_steps=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, num_train_steps=total_train_steps)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Load BERT with <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_19907/en/model_doc/auto#transformers.TFAutoModelForMultipleChoice">TFAutoModelForMultipleChoice</a>:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> TFAutoModelForMultipleChoice

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>model = TFAutoModelForMultipleChoice.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bert-base-uncased&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Configure the model for training with <a href="https://keras.io/api/models/model_training_apis/#compile-method" rel="nofollow"><code>compile</code></a>:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	Copied</div></button></div>
	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>model.<span class="hljs-built_in">compile</span>(optimizer=optimizer)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
<p>Call <a href="https://keras.io/api/models/model_training_apis/#fit-method" rel="nofollow"><code>fit</code></a> to fine-tune the model:</p>

	<div class="code-block relative"><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg>
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	<pre><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>model.fit(x=tf_train_set, validation_data=tf_validation_set, epochs=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>
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