Multisatellite MMS Analysis of Electron Holes in the Earth's Magnetotail: Origin, Properties, Velocity Gap, and Transverse Instability
<|begin_of_text|><|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|> You are a research archivist expert in dataset metadata. Answer the question truthfully.  <|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|> Here is the Description of a dataset. Description:'We present a statistical analysis of more than 2400 bipolar electrostatic solitary waves measured aboard at least three MMS spacecraft in the Earth's magnetotail. These bipolar solitary waves are interpreted in terms of electron holes, because of positive electrostatic potentials. The multi- spacecraft interferometry is used to estimate the velocity of propagation of the electron holes and address their origin and properties. The electron hole velocities in the plasma rest frame are in the range from just a few km/s, that is much smaller than ion thermal velocity VTi, up to 20,000 km/s, which is comparable to electron thermal velocity VTe. We argue that fast electron holes with velocities larger than about 0.1 VTe are produced by bump-on-tail instabilities, while the most of slow electron holes with velocities below about 0.05 VTe is pr' . Please return only a json list of at most 3 Keywords corresponding to the Description:.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|> {"Answer" : ["bump-on-tail instabilities","buneman-type instabilities","earth magnetotail","EH formation","EH velocities","electron cyclotron frequency","electron hole formation","electron holes","electron thermal velocity","electrostatic solitary waves","fast EHs","Landau damping","magnetospheric multiscale spacecraft","MMS analysis","multisatellite MMS analysis","nonlinear saturation criterion","statistical analysis","transverse instability","velocity 20000.0 km","velocity gap","VTe","VTi"]} <|eot_id|>
 Here is the Description of a dataset. Description:'We present a statistical analysis of more than 2400 bipolar electrostatic solitary waves measured aboard at least three MMS spacecraft in the Earth's magnetotail. These bipolar solitary waves are interpreted in terms of electron holes, because of positive electrostatic potentials. The multi- spacecraft interferometry is used to estimate the velocity of propagation of the electron holes and address their origin and properties. The electron hole velocities in the plasma rest frame are in the range from just a few km/s, that is much smaller than ion thermal velocity VTi, up to 20,000 km/s, which is comparable to electron thermal velocity VTe. We argue that fast electron holes with velocities larger than about 0.1 VTe are produced by bump-on-tail instabilities, while the most of slow electron holes with velocities below about 0.05 VTe is pr' . Please return only a json list of at most 3 Keywords corresponding to the Description:.
We present a statistical analysis of more than 2400 bipolar electrostatic solitary waves measured aboard at least three MMS spacecraft in the Earth's magnetotail. These bipolar solitary waves are interpreted in terms of electron holes, because of positive electrostatic potentials. The multi- spacecraft interferometry is used to estimate the velocity of propagation of the electron holes and address their origin and properties. The electron hole velocities in the plasma rest frame are in the range from just a few km/s, that is much smaller than ion thermal velocity VTi, up to 20,000 km/s, which is comparable to electron thermal velocity VTe. We argue that fast electron holes with velocities larger than about 0.1 VTe are produced by bump-on-tail instabilities, while the most of slow electron holes with velocities below about 0.05 VTe is pr
bump-on-tail instabilities; buneman-type instabilities; earth magnetotail; EH formation; EH velocities; electron cyclotron frequency; electron hole formation; electron holes; electron thermal velocity; electrostatic solitary waves; fast EHs; Landau damping; magnetospheric multiscale spacecraft; MMS analysis; multisatellite MMS analysis; nonlinear saturation criterion; statistical analysis; transverse instability; velocity 20000.0 km; velocity gap; VTe; VTi