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Curious George meets Mr. Bean in the third adorable picture book from author-illustrator Jeff Mack that follows the loveable Mr. Monkey on his wacky adventures.
Mr. Monkey loves playing his video game.
He wants to beat the ultimate level!
But now he must go outside and find his stolen controller. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,860 |
On Communism
Britain retreats
The Washington Post Column / By Anne Applebaum / March 6, 2015 July 2, 2017
Red double-decker buses still cruise up and down the Strand, the guards stand up straight in front of Buckingham Palace and the queen rides her horse-drawn carriage to the opening session of Parliament every year. But beneath this seemingly immutable surface, Britain is changing with surprising speed.
For one, the discontent with "establishment" politics that has convulsed so many European countries has finally reached the British Isles. There have been no mass marches here, as in Spain, and no anarchist riots, as in Greece. Instead, large numbers of Britons are cheerfully telling pollsters that they aren't planning to vote for the Conservative Party in May's general election, and that they don't like the Labor Party or the Liberal Democrats, either. If they are Scottish, they might be planning to vote for the Scottish National Party, which hopes to immediately reinvigorate its campaign for Scottish independence. If they are English, they might vote for the anti-European, anti-immigration United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), or maybe for the Greens.
Nothing wrong with that in principle, but it's hard to imagine how a four- or five-way split could produce a stable government, especially in a country that has been ruled by Labor or the Tories for most of the past century. Priorities could change dramatically. At a recent London breakfast meeting, a room full of experts spun out every possible scenario — Tory-UKIP coalition? Lab-Lib-ScotNat coalition? Minority government, with new elections soon after? — and tried to work out what each would mean. The conclusion: Britain might take a radical step to the left, it might take a radical step to the right, it might leave the European Union, it might break up altogether. In other words, no one could predict anything except that Britain will be occupied by its own internal arguments for a very long time.
This second development is not unrelated to the first: Suddenly, without much discussion, it seems as if Britain — a nuclear and conventional military power, a staunch U.S. ally, a pillar of NATO — has lost its historic interest in foreign policy. The drift began in 2009, when Prime Minister David Cameron withdrew his Conservative Party from the Christian Democratic mainstream in the European Parliament, a decision that instantly gave him less access to the most important European leader, Angela Merkel. Soon after, he announced his intention to hold a referendum on Britain's European Union membership, immediately affording him less credibility in Europe, too: If the British were already halfway out the door, why bother talking to them at all?
But Britain's gradual fade from the world stage abruptly accelerated in 2013, when Cameron declared he would support U.S. airstrikes in Syria, called a parliamentary vote for support — and lost. He dropped that idea, apparently spooking President Obama, who dropped it, too. Both were forced to reconsider after the Islamic State captured large chunks of Syrian and Iraqi territory. But even now the British contribution to the anti-Islamic State campaign consists of eight planes, hardly an overwhelming commitment. Defense spending is likely to be frozen next year. And when Merkel flew to Minsk, Belarus, to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin last month, she took the French president along as a fig leaf, leaving the British behind.
Political weakness is part of the problem: The Conservatives are by no means guaranteed reelection, and the foreign secretary is of the opinion, he reportedly recently said, that there are "no votes in defence." The Iraq war turned many in Britain off the idea of ever cooperating with Americans, and the European recession explains a lot of the doubts about Europe. Provincialism is a factor, too. In a country where the political class is consumed by an argument over the constitutional status of Scotland, events in the Middle East or Ukraine do seem far away.
Which is all very well until it turns out that they aren't far away at all. Russian military jets have taken lately to buzzing British airspace, even crossing into the paths of passenger planes. Britain's enormous financial exposure to Russia may already be a grave security risk. Middle Eastern terrorism has a way of looping back to London as well as Paris. More to the point, both the Islamic State and Putin want to destroy the global economic and political system in which Britain has long thrived. Maybe there aren't any votes in defense, but do the British really believe they will be better off in a world where they have no influence?
It's hard to say, since none of them are really talking about it. Once upon a time, Britain was said to have acquired its empire in a "fit of absent-mindedness." It may be about to lose its place on the world stage in exactly the same way.
Read the newest Columns from The Atlantic:
What the Rioters in Brazil Learned From Americans
by Anne Applebaum on January 9, 2023
Jair Bolsonaro's supporters showed that antidemocratic revolutions can be contagious too.
The Brutal Alternate World in Which the U.S. Abandoned Ukraine
by Anne Applebaum on December 22, 2022
Ukrainian resistance and American support prevented a wide range of horrors.
China's War Against Taiwan Has Already Started
How Beijing tries to make a democracy submit without putting up a fight
What Really Caused the Missile Explosion in Poland
by Anne Applebaum on November 16, 2022
The disturbing incident was the direct consequence of Russian aggression.
The Russian Empire Must Die
A better future requires Putin's defeat—and the end to imperial aspirations.
Americans Set an Example for the Rioters in Brazil
What If the U.S. Hadn't Helped Ukraine?
Taiwan Is Already Fighting Back
Russia Deserves All the Blame
Copyright © 2023 Anne Applebaum | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,861 |
I took my son to a Dodgers game last season and we loved these seats; was given these tickets from my boss as a bonus at work. These seats are enerally in the $80-$140 range per ticket from what I understand. The Dodgers took on the Padres. Stadium was almost full. Would love to sit here again, it's a great way to get away from the house.
You're extremely close to the first baseman. This is a great section to stand outside of before the game for autographs.
Perhaps what I loved the most about these seats was that it gives you the luxury of sitting close to both the infield and outfield with a perfect view of the jumbotron as well. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,862 |
← I like seeing him. But he doesn't like seeing me. We go for fish and chips, because that's his favourite. It's not my favourite .
There's no doubt that Oliver had a great time and that his dad loves him, but is this real achievement or sentimental tokenism.
This was published by the Down's Association on Facebook today What's your view?
'Oliver set off in the wrong direction, then unconventionally for a sprint he had a sit down, then with some coercion, he continued at a plod, roared on by the entire school and cheered and clapped by all the parents as they willed him to the finish line. He triumphantly turned to the wild supporters and punched the air with a roar! There was barely a dry eye on the field! Last place by about 5 minutes but a heroic effort to match Eric the Eel and loving it! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,863 |
Ethiopian Airlines plans to begin operating daily flights from Addis Ababa to Shanghai on March 29. The flights will use the Boeing B787 Dreamliner aircraft with 24 business class and 246 economy class seats.
Ethiopian's flight 684 will depart Addis Ababa at 11:30 p.m. daily for Shanghai and flight 685 from Shanghai to Addis Ababa will depart at 12:35 a.m. daily.
"We are very proud of our continuous service to China for over 40 years," said Tewolde GebreMarian, Ethiopian Airlines Group CEO. "Ethiopian was one of only four international airlines to operate to the country back in 1973. Today, with 28 weekly direct flights operated with the latest technology airplanes and multiple award-winning customer service, we offer the best connectivity from four major cities in China to 48 cities in Africa and two cities in Brazil.
Shanghai is Ethiopian's 79th international destination. The new route will connect Shanghai to 66 African cities via Ethiopian's network. The list of African cities includes Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Entebbe, Lagos, Johannesburg, Abuja, Libreville, Luanda, Lusaka, Harare, Maputo and Douala. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,864 |
In San Diego Navy Fed. Credit Union v. Cumis Ins. Society, Inc. (1984) 162 Cal.App.3d 358 (Cumis) California joined eight other jurisdictions to rule that when a liability insurer reserves its rights to deny coverage to its policyholder in a plaintiff's lawsuit, the insurer must discharge its promise to defend by adequately funding competent counsel of the policyholder's choice to control the defense. The insurer's reservation of rights is a challenge to coverage that creates conflicts of interest between the insurer and the policyholder. Lawyers selected and directed by the insurer always represent the interests of the insurer and represent the policyholder as a defendant. A California lawyer who represents the interests of joint clients with potential conflicts of interest must comply with Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 3-310. The so-called tripartite relationship, that harmoniously permits dependent counsel to represent the insurer and policyholder when there are no conflicts of interest, is "torn and shredded" when conflicts of interest emerge.
California courts have elaborated on the scope of the Cumis Rule. Because the insurer is not licensed to practice law, it must hire counsel to conduct the defense. The insurer must defend immediately. The insurer must defend the entire action. The insurer must adequately fund the defense. "Potential" not "actual" conflicts require the lawyer to comply with Rule 3-310. "[A] distinction between 'potential' and 'actual' conflicts of interest which is invalid and unworkable." Both dependent counsel and the insurer have an affirmative duty to initiate disclosure of potential conflicts. Dependent counsel's conflicts analysis must be thorough.
The Cumis rule has two parts: 1) Lawyer ethics prohibits joint representation of dual clients whose interests potentially conflict; and 2) therefore, the insure must discharge its promise to defend by adequately funding independent counsel.
"[W]here multiple theories of recovery are alleged and some theories involve uncovered conduct under the policy, a conflict of interest exists. In actions in which the insurer and insured have conflicting interests, the insurer may not compel the insured to surrender control of the litigation. If the insurer must pay for the cost of defense and, when a conflict exists, the insured may have control of the defense if he wishes, it follows the insurer must pay for such defense conducted by independent counsel.
"We begin by briefly reviewing the reason for Cumis counsel. An insurer is obligated to provide its insured with a defense to a third party's lawsuit when there exists a potential for liability under the policy. In this way, an insurer's duty to defend is broader than its duty to indemnify. Under these circumstances, an insurer may provide a defense under a reservation of rights, agreeing to defend, but promising to indemnify only for conduct covered by the policy.
"Among the cases from other jurisdictions which are generally supportive of the view we take are the following:" Alaska, Arizona, Illinois, Maryland, New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Texas. (Cumis, supra, 162 Cal.App.3d at 374, fn.9.) California's requirement for independent counsel when an insurer and insured are in conflict is the majority rule. [fn. 9. See Federal Ins. Co. v. X-Rite, Inc., 748 F. Supp. 1223, 1228 (D. Mich. 1990) (stating 'Cumis is representative of a growing body of case law which would give the insured an absolute right to choose counsel where a conflict exists'); Moeller v. Am. Guar. & Liab. Ins. Co., 707 So. 2d 1062, 1069 (Miss. 1996) (noting that 'other jurisdictions have generally held that in such a situation [defending under a reservation of rights], not only must the insured be given the opportunity to select his own counsel to defend the claim, the carrier must also pay the legal fees reasonably incurred in the defense'); Union Ins. Co. v. Knife Co., 902 F. Supp. 877, 880 (W.D. Ark. 1995) (stating '[d]ue to this [coverage] conflict of interest . . . the insurer must give up control of the litigation and retain an independent counsel for the insured'); CHI of Alaska v. Employers Reins. Corp., 844 P.2d 1113, 1121 (Alaska 1993) (concluding that 'the insured should have the right to select independent counsel' subject to the 'implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing'); Village of Lombard v. Intergovernmental Risk Mgmt. Agency, 681 N.E.2d 88, 94 (Ill. 1997) (holding that the insured can select independent counsel except where the insurer and insured contractually agree to limit scope of the defense and liability obligations); Brohawn v. Transamerica Ins. Co., 347 A.2d 842, 854 (Md. App. 1975) (requiring the insurer to inform the insured of the conflict and provide the insured with the option of accepting counsel selected by the insurer or selecting independent counsel whose reasonable expenses will be paid by the insurer).
Hartford Cas. Ins. Co. v. J.R. Marketing (2015) 61 Cal.4th 988, 992, fn1.
How Much Must an Insurer Pay Independent Counsel? and How Often Must an Insurer Pay Independent Counsel?
Cumis, supra, 162 Cal.App.3d at 368 (citations, quotation marks, and ellipses omitted).
Id. at 374-375 (citations, quotation marks, and ellipses omitted). | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,865 |
Jack Reed is investigating a mass murder that occurred in a cemetery in broad daylight. Most individuals at the cemetery and the victims are Russian immigrants and they either fear or don't trust the police, because they have complaining about other problems to the police but they don't care or think it warrants investigating. Reed still investigates and it leads to a devious Russian who has turned some young Russians into his private army. Reed's friend, Charles Silvera, also has a problem. The son of an old friend and mayoral candidate, Gordon Thomas, has been arrested for killing someone while driving under the influence. Some of the people on Thomas' staff are afraid that this might jeopardize Thomas' bid for mayor, so they are pressuring Silvera to make it go away but Silvera relents so they threaten him to.
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Hello! Welcome to this new blog challenge I've jumped into and let's get it started, shall we?
This is a hard first question! Of course, I love everything I've written, or I wouldn't have written it in the first place. That being said, I think there's a difference between loving your work and being in love with it. I love old things I've written that are finished and behind me, but I'm in love with whatever I'm currently writing, because that's the one that's taking up most of my current mind/heart space. So if you asked what I'm in love with, it's my current WIP. But what work do I love best of all time? Hmm. That's like trying to pick a favorite child.
I have a few favorites for different reasons. It Takes a Thief was one of my favorite things to write because I was absolutely brimming with inspiration for it, the writing came easily, and the whole story literally poured out of me in a week (it was written, edited, and published within a month). My Siren Song series is my favorite because they were my first publications and they made me a "published author." The Marrying Type is my favorite cover and also got the most accolades/attention. Hidden is my favorite because it's the first in the ambitious new series I'm currently writing and I had a few fits and starts to get it to publication.
So which is my favorite? ALL of them! But the most important question is which is YOUR favorite? Because, at the end of the day, what the reader likes best is why we write to begin with.
Previous ArticleWill a Star Ever Be Born? | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,868 |
Having spent over ten years in the prop-making industry where detailed research is just as important as creativity, ingenuity and keeping calm in the face of panicked directors, artistic hysterics and deadlines, we realised there was a lamentable gap in the market. When it came to portraying pregnancy – whether for screen, stage or commercial use - what was available simply didn't hold up, in any sense of the word.
In this day and age it seemed silly that a lumpy cushion was still being stuffed up the jumpers of unfortunate actresses who then had to hang on for dear life, hoping it wouldn't fall out and dangle, half-way through a crucial scene. This was, we reckoned, a problem worth tackling – so we did.
Now, with a hefty amount of research and development under our own belts, we've made ourselves the undisputed experts when it comes to fake pregnant bellies and we're rather proud to say, as industry leaders, our comfortable, size and shape specific, pregnancy prosthetics remain unrivalled and outstanding!
As a family concern we're all about quality, reliability, discretion and great client service. We should probably also confess that, working as we do with a range of national and international clients including The BBC, Mamas & Papas and HBO, we spend a fair old amount of our time glued to screens and magazines and nothing gives us a greater thrill than spotting our bumps in action. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,869 |
Turnierergebnisse » Finn Lasse Viren, to complete the long-distance double
Kid Icarus » Archiv » Turnierergebnisse » Finn Lasse Viren, to complete the long-distance double
#1 | Finn Lasse Viren, to complete the long-distance double 06.09.2019 08:23
Racing 92 have announced the shock retirement of Springboks playmaker Johan Goosen at the age of 24.According to a statement from the Racing 92 owner Jacky Lorenzetti, 13-cap Goosen has called time on his playing career to take up a commercial director role in South Africa.The news comes as a surprise given Goosen was crowned Top 14 player of the year and played an instrumental role in Racings charge to the 2016 French title.In a lengthy statement from Lorenzetti -- titled Johan Goosen announces retirement - are we to believe it? -- the Racing owner addresses the Goosen issue, labelling it an incredible decision.Goosen, whose contract was overwhelmingly re-structured a year ago, now claims to be free in an incredible way, Lorenzetti said. He has announced today that he has taken the incredible decision to end his playing career, to return to South Africa for a strong role as a commercial director.We regret that such a talented player has gone astray and decided to abandon professional rugby as it seems obvious that the role of commercial director is incompatible with high level sport.We wish to add that Racing 92 has always strongly supported Johan Goosen both morally and financially.Lorenzetti adds the club reserves the right to pursue legal action against Goosen and his advisors while emphasising that a contract like that of a given word is the basis of all human and professional relationships. Tyson Chandler Jersey .ca. Hey Kerry, big fan of yours, just finished reading your book. I think that we all saw the Canucks/Flames line brawl just after puck drop. It was obvious that something was about to happen, even to the referees because the fourth lines were on to start. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Jersey .500 on the season. The Jets are now 0-5-1 in the second game of back-to-backs. The game started the same way the Vancouver game started the night before, with the Jets taking the first two penalties of the game and killing off the first, but the Oilers getting on the board first, scoring on the second man-advantage. http://www.lakersteamofficial.com/Nick-Van-Exel-Lakers-Jersey/ . The 27-year-old Scrivens will be joining his third NHL club since signing with the Toronto Maple Leafs as a free agent in 2010. The move also reunites with him with head coach Dallas Eakins from their time together with the American Hockey Leagues Toronto Marlies. Tyson Chandler Lakers Jersey . With Parker having a quiet game for once, Nicolas Batum and Boris Diaw provided the scoring as France won its first major basketball title by beating Lithuania 80-66 on Sunday. It was a victory that ended a decade of frustration for Parker and a talented French generation, which lost the final against Spain two years ago and took bronze in 2005. Byron Scott Lakers Jersey .875,000, avoiding arbitration. Clippards deal Monday means all eight Nationals players who filed for arbitration wound up settling before a hearing. RIO DE JANEIRO -- Mo Farah kept his bid for a fourth Olympic title on track as he coasted into the final of the 5,000 metres in Rio.Four days after retaining his 10,000m title to become the first British track and field athlete to win three Olympic golds, the 33-year-old made sure he did just enough as he came home in third place.The Londoner was content to sit near the back early on, moving towards the front with five laps to go and survived a stumble in a tangle of legs with 200m to go to ease across the line in 13 minutes 25.25 seconds, with the top five guaranteed qualification.He told the BBC: I got clipped, had to stay on my feet and stay strong. Its hot, hard work. You have to get through, see how it goes.Farah is bidding to become only the second man, after Flying Finn Lasse Viren, to complete the long-distance double at two Games.He had stated ahead of this race that his recovery from the 10,000m was getting hard the older he got and he expected hiss Ethiopian rivals to try and break him over the shorter distance.ddddddddddddHe did the bare minimum and no more on Wednesday morning to book his spot in Saturday nights medal race.On his recovery from the 10,000m, in which he defied a fall to win gold, he added: Not as well as I wanted, but I have to have more rest now, put my feet up, chill in my room.Farahs two chief rivals, Ethiopias Muktar Edris and Dejen Gebremeskel, qualified with ease from the faster second heat, the former coming home second and his compatriot third.The pair will be fresher for the final, without a 10,000m race in their legs, and are out to deny the Briton a fourth straight global long-distance double.Farahs teammate Andy Butchart also booked his final place, coming home fifth in 13mins 20.08secs, but Tom Farrell went out after he could only finish 20th. ' ' '
.It gives me an opportunity to make p » « three-way tie with a birdie-three at the 15th. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,870 |
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Unity game on Tizen: To use Tizen Ads in your Unity game, you need the Unity SDK version 5.4.1 or above for privilege addition support. The game is developed using C#. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,871 |
Tag Archives: Mouse monoclonal to EGR1
A report on the Third Annual International Conference on Transposition and
A report on the Third Annual International Conference on Transposition and Animal Biotechnology, Minneapolis, USA, 23-24 June 2005, and the FASEB Summer Research Conference 'Mammalian Mobile Elements', Tuscon, USA, 4-9 June, 2005. Eukaryotic DNA transposons transpose by a conservative 'cut-and-paste' mechanism; this group includes the families. Retrotransposons replicate via an RNA intermediate by a 'copy-and-paste' mechanism, and are further subdivided into long terminal repeat (LTR)- and non-LTR types. LTR-retrotransposons are widely distributed among diverse eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analyses based on reverse transcriptase indicate the existence of at least four distinct lineages of LTR-retrotransposons, and five groups of non-LTR retrotransposons. The list is expanding as more organisms are being sequenced and analyzed. Russell Poulter (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand) reported his group's recent identification of an array of transposable elements in fungi and vertebrates, and presented compelling genetic evidence that transposon A star of both meetings was the (family that was resurrected from defective ancient elements through site-directed mutagenesis in 1997. is typically used Xanthatin manufacture as a two-component system: one component is a gutted transposon carrying a reporter gene(s) and/or other molecular bells and whistles, flanked by the inverted repeats containing transposase-binding Mouse monoclonal to EGR1 sites; the second is the transposase expressed under the Xanthatin manufacture control of a heterologous promoter, which is necessary and sufficient for transposition. The transposition process is not, however, independent of the state of the host cell. Zoltan Ivics (Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany), who originally revived Sleeping Beauty, reported that transposition may be coordinated with cell-cycle control. It is well known that cyclin D1 is a key regulatory factor that promotes cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Interestingly, a reduction of cyclin D1 expression level was observed when transposase was overexpressed in human cells, resulting in an extended G1 phase. The molecular mechanism for downregulation of cyclin D1 by Xanthatin manufacture transposase is being characterized. The transposition activity of has been the focal point of many studies. The element transposes efficiently in a variety of vertebrate cell lines, in mouse somatic tissues, and in the mouse germline, but, unlike retrotransposons, many sites of insertion cluster in the vicinity of its chromosome of origin, a phenomenon termed 'local hopping'. To further improve transposition activity, is being engineered: mutation of the transposase-binding sites and searches for more active versions of the transposase are both being attempted. The stakes for optimization are high, as even a twofold increase in activity could translate into a significant improvement, for example in the efficacy of for gene therapy or mutagenesis. This was exemplified by Bradley Fletcher (University of Florida, Gainesville, USA), who reported efforts to develop a more active vector system for gene therapy by combining individual improvements discovered by different groups. The new system displayed a substantial 16-fold increase in transposition efficiency as compared to the original system in cultured cells, but when it was tested as a non-viral gene-delivery vehicle in mice only a modest twofold increase of transgene expression was achieved. Cancer gene discovery and germline mutagenesis In less than a decade, researchers have successfully adapted the system to several major applications in vertebrate genomics, summarized by David Largaespada (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA) as germline transgenesis, somatic transgenesis (gene therapy), germline insertional mutagenesis, and somatic cell mutagenesis (Figure ?(Figure1).1). Perhaps the most dramatic breakthrough is in somatic cell mutagenesis and its application to the discovery of potential oncogenes, as illustrated in two presentations at the Minneapolis conference. Previously, the limited activity of in cultured cells and limited evidence for active somatic transposition by two collaborating research groups using different approaches. Adam Dupuy (National Cancer Institute, Frederick, USA) has incorporated several proven designs into his system. The transposon itself was first designed to disrupt the expression of an endogenous gene Xanthatin manufacture independent of insertion orientation; the new vector also included retroviral enhancer/promoter sequences well known to activate oncogenes, and it had optimized transposase-binding sites and overall size. Second, founder mouse lines with the highest number of unmethylated transposon copies were selected. Xanthatin manufacture Finally, a single-copy knock-in line for an improved transposase (ROSA-SB11) was constructed, providing ubiquitous and consistent transposase expression. The first sign of success was embryonic lethality in the transposon/transposase double-transgenic lines. By 6 weeks after birth, evidence suggests that the donor copies had virtually all excised from the original integration site and jumped to other genomic locations. The double-transgenic mice were tumor-prone, with high penetrance (the proportion showing a mutant phenotype); by 17 weeks all had succumbed to tumors. On examination, all the. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,872 |
Antique street vendor's tool chest with bellow and carrying bamboo handles. Such tool chest was used for selling food while moving from neighborhood to neighborhood. The compartments under the liftable door on top was for storing change such as coins. The tools such as a pair of stirrups, scissors, etc. would be stored in the drawer. A vendor would tie a small clay stove with coals in it and any other neccessary small equipments or dishes and bowls, etc. onto the top of the chest. The metal loop on the top is for hanging a small metal gong which the vendor used for alarming clients of his arrival. Upon hearing his gong, children, women, or older people will run out to buy the food from the vendor, usually something like pre-cooked tea eggs, fish cakes, fried crispy fermented tofu, baked sweet potato, etc. as each vendor had his own specialty. The stove and coals were used to keep the food warm while the bellow below was used for pumping more air to keep the coals burning. This rustic piece is in its unfinished original condition. Gong is not included. 19th century. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,873 |
So your prpfile needs to stand out from all those other guys if you want her to send a message your way. He starts off his profile by being humorous and even a bit on the mysterious side. Check out our list of over online dating profile quotes for some ideas. Since we're talking about writing a profile, I have to mention spelling and grammar.
Radio Wright February 21,8: It would be nice if everyone could give you the benefit of the doubt and worst dating cities in america see what a fascinating, unique, loving person you are, but that's not how online dating works.
What to write on an online dating profile examples do these things really explain who you are or show your personality? I am a complete goofball, dorky, and passionate. Avoided being bitten by vampires, but yes, they do have them there. If you win my sweepstakes, you will automatically win a chance to do these things with me as well. Radio Wright August 12, If you hope to meet one of them, speak to them, not the masses!
A mix of seriousness added in would make these profiles perfect! No matter which prompts you choose to answer from what to write on an online dating profile examples first two sections, the answers need to catch — and hold — her attention.
Dear Radio, You are hilarious! BTW — Is that a hint of Texan in your voice? If you open a door for me, I will melt. When space is at a premium, emojis give you a lot of bang for your buck. How about I do a free in-depth video profile critique for you as long as I can show it on my site. Online Dating Profile Examples for Men. If one of your defining values is loyalty, show what that looks like in your life. Talk to you soon!!
The Science of Love Dating Statistics. I laugh every chance I get. Since we're talking about writing a profile, I have to mention spelling and grammar. DeeDee April 12, Adam March 17,2: Putting together experiences for people is great, but I like to create my own too! The thoughtfulness and care you put into your profile will show and be appreciated by others. Like Us on Facebook. Tap here to turn on desktop notifications to get dating burton mail co uk news sent straight to you.
He represents the kind of guy that will keep me in stitches and feeling good. Look to your life what to write on an online dating profile examples actual examples! If you have any book recommendations, send them my way. Tofino is magic, I first learned to surf there. Example Dating Profile 1: It might tell the story of an athletic, ambitious world traveler, or a geeky, sincere introvert. No Comments Yet Comments are closed.
Clearly, you need more top mobile dating apps 2018 just a solid dating profile. I can't emphasize this enough. Dave Thundercloud December 20,7: Best friend dating my ex girlfriend six pictures that generate attraction in a man can be completely destroyed by a seventh picture that completely turns a man off. Being "one of the guys" every now and then doesn't just show that you are fun headlines for dating sites examples hang what to write on an online dating profile examples with; it also shows that you free usa dating site without payment not high maintenance, are down to earth and can have fun doing just about anything.
First, meet a guy, then decide what you want out of him. Stick to language that shows high levels of confidence whenever possible. This dating profile has been added to The eDatingDoc Academy: This isn't even a topic of debate. Leave this field empty. And virtually all women will read it dirty dating in the dark responding to your message.
Radio Wright February 27,6: I enjoy meeting new people and going to new places. Plenty of people will be forgiving of typos, but don't risk turning off someone just because you didn't use spellcheck.
Are you expressing what is both unique to you and what is attractive to who you want to date? Did I make them feel stupid with my lack of tactfulness?
Hook the reader in without giving away everything—good going Mr. It subconsciously creates the image of a woman who has not had the best of luck with men in the past. He has a whimsical side and women always respond well to that—it allows them to fantasize.
You really need to bring your profile writing A-game to this dating app. Go to mobile site. For a split second, you have hope.
Want to know more??? The blade you're using cuts both ways, comrade. I also like playing basketball and dancing. Dear eDating Doc, Thank god for your site. They are the ones in the dead center of the Mediocrity Bell Curve. Very youthful profiles because, well, these men are young. The more bait you leave, the more likely men will message you without skipping to the next profile. Get a Little Silly Trying to be funny while writing is hard, but one of the most attractive things for both men and women is someone who has a good sense of humor and can be fun.
Your focus instead should be on being contacted by those you do want to date! Fa M ily and friends A re impo R tanT to me as well. Please know a few things: A lot of them are very similar.
Some have been good, others, well, not so much. It is more about him being secure with his masculinity and having fun with it at the same what to write on an online dating profile examples. The right people are going to think that's awesome. Get More Exclusive Content! Centerbound2 November 25, what to write on an online dating profile examples, 8: I work a lot, but I know how to balance well.
If you want to stand out from the crowd, reveal your personality in a unique way. A few things important to me: To better understand the importance of combining contrasting qualities check out the dating username guide by clicking here.
Nick June 12,3: Guys really, really like to hear that. Maybe this message will be different than all the others. Marcel September 24,7: Send me a message. A shy geek and a smooth operator…. Radio Wright October 24,7: What you get on this page: Can you give some tips or examples, how to have a good profile intro? I live by myself, I pay my own rent, I wear socks that match and I love my mom.
Perfect dates are going for a hike, followed by a visit to a new local brewery or trying a new dinner spot and taking a walk nearby. By changing this statement to, "the perfect man for me is smart, fun and handsome," the perception completely changes. I wear a special cologne. It is my dream job, no schedule, no boss and Or your childhood best friends?
How to meet women online Home» Actual Examples of Good and Bad Female Dating Profiles Actual Examples of Good and Bad Female Dating Profiles It is unfortunate that so many people join dating sites but so few put a fair effort into writing a really good profile that makes them stand out from thousands of other users. How To Write A Good Online Dating Profile. There are enough terrible internet dating profiles out there. Here's how to write one that won't send potential partners running to the closest cat video. Say goodbye to the hassle and frustration of online dating - we'll craft an irresistible dating profile, send engaging messages, and even book your dates for you. Thousands of guys have already made lasting connections with beautiful women, and we're ready to make you our next success story. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,874 |
The recent political development in Akwa Ibom State and Ikot Ekpene Senatorial District in particular, clearly portrays that the 2019 general elections in the State will not be a Walk over for the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), as usual.
Facts gathered from various political analysts and the electorates, reveal that the 2019 dance to various political positions, might or won't be likened to a masquerade dance. Neither will it be likened to a dance of an old man or outdated politician, with snuff in one hand – it shall be a serious dance, but bloodless. The key is that any political party that is not adept at taking "dances" serious and/or those who feel that they can manipulate against Zoning, peoples Choices, and conventional political office rotation, should not ever contemplate participating in the exercise.
This is true because playing "politics" with politics has become a tradition, nay, convention to streak through trivialities to leadership. But 2019 will be a very different year. Some political parties will have things from the underside of expectations, and we shall hear prominent political Stalwarts exclaim, "Oboy, if I were told, I wouldn't believe"! This is not to say that there won't be "a dance". No! It is to say that the dance will not only be tougher, but feigning. It will feign so much, such that lots of people who should have cued up to dance, shall become bereft of the appropriate dance steps. For the appropriate dance steps will be the dictate of zoning and Candidates antecedents, age and popularity.
Truth be told, the defection of the immediate past Governor of Akwa Ibom State -Senator Godswill Akpabio from the PDP to the APC, to a greater extent, has destabilised the political plans of the ruling PDP. The fact that nobody from Ikot Ekpene senatorial district could rise on his own without any unanimous adoption to contest against the former Senate minority leader, is an affirmation to the reality of the instability, Akpabio's defection has caused the PDP. Therefore, a wise political party should at this point, re-strategise for the forthcoming general elections.
Similarly, the 2019 dance to the National Assembly to represent Ukanafun/Oruk Anam federal constituency shall take a different dimension. Unlike the previous years, where it was possible that he/those who emerged as winners) of that dance was/were an outgrowth of favouritism and godfatherism, this time, it will be a little bit floppy. With PDP being the majority in those local government areas, an attempt by few political elites of the PDP and some Elders Statemen to impose any candidate on the people shall not only lead to a massive protest, the PDP shall also witness an uncommon mass defection to either the All Progressive Party Congress (APC), or any other political party of preference.
According to Ime Jacobs, a Pan African Writer and public affairs analyst: "Ukanafun/Oruk Anam federal constituency has never had it all good over the decades! Not that there is no good to be had, but because there has been a foul play, nay, a chasm in the whole process of the constituency's match to greatness." The widely known foul play in the area has been the constant act of imposing Candidates on the people. A candidate that is imposed is not answerable to the constituents and often times, this has constantly robbed the people of the area of their dividends of democracy from federal government, like Security and other federal social amenities.
If PDP must reclaim the mandate in that area from the APC that is currently being represented by a two-term member – Rt Hon Emmanuel Ukoette, then this is the time to return to the drawing board and come out with a formidable plan.
As the election year comes closer, the outcome of the primaries which is at the corner should be considered most importantly by the PDP, for an attempt to influence or manipulate the process against the wish of the delegates will have a destructive consequence.
With Ukanafun being the favourite local government area for the 2019 seat, many prominent sons of the area have filed out in their numbers to contest for that position. Giving a level playing ground for all Aspirants to emerge is not enough, presenting a candidate whose personality resonates hope, truth, integrity, influence, focus and consistency of purpose is a condition worthy of note. Presenting a popular Candidate remains an effort in futility if such person is not favoured by the zoning, most importantly, if such person's principal place of origin is complicated and questionable.
By all indications, the next House of reps member for Ukanfun/Oruk Anam federal constituency should be a true son of Afaha, in Ukanafun LGA. Presenting a candidate who places priority on the interest of the electorates ahead of his personal interest and business, is a great factor to consider. He must not be sponsored by a godfather, he must be the slot of the "common people", above all, a populist.
An investigation into the area reveals that PDP remains the dominant party in Ukanafun and Oruk Anam Local government areas, yet their representative in the National Assembly is from the APC. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,875 |
The four storey building forms a south facing courtyard around a historic beech tree.
Communal and academic facilities, including an events room, law library, archive, teaching rooms and a gym occupy the ground floor. On the upper floors there are approximately 80 student rooms with en-suite shower pods and 6 small flats for college fellows.
The student rooms are divided by a series of parallel concrete fin walls, which are expressed by wooden boxes arranged around the central courtyard. A café is at the heart of the scheme within a double height glass box.
The schemes sustainability strategy includes active measures such as a biomass boiler, ground source heat-pumps, and solar panels, as well as passive measures such as air-tightness and insulation. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,876 |
Earth is represented as goddess, which feeds everyone. All the forms of earth and of life on it are the children of earth. Rivers, trees animals are attendants of the earth goddess.
In Hinduism Earth is sacred and considered as Mother of all living beings BHUDEVI (भूदेवी). She is also called as Prithivi ,Vasundhara or vasudha (पृथ्वी ,वसुधरा ,वसुधा). Hindus revere the earth as a symbol of tolerance forbearance , patience and steadfastness. Mother earth is respected for all her natural resources especially the forests ,herbs ,minirals and the vegetation.
Meaning - " O devi ! you are clothed with water , mountains are on your chest , you the consort of Visnu I bow you and ask you to forgive me for standing on you"
Atharva veda says "The earth is mother ,Firmament the father"
Hiranyavaksha ( one with golden bosom ). She is worshipped for providing food and prosperity , sustaning the animal world and for growth of forests and herbs , for providing space for lakes ,rivers and large water bodies. she is discribed as holding Fire (AGNI) in her belly (center of earth).
O Earth - brown, black, red and multi-colored the firm Earth protected by Indra, on this Earth may I stand - unvanquished, unhurt, unslain. This earth, our mother, has nurtured consciousness from the slime of the primeval ocean billions of years ago and has sustained the human race for countless centuries. Will we repay our debts to our mother by converting her into a burnt out cinder circling the sun into eternity?
" BHU- Suktam (भू-सूक्तं) " in "Taittirya Samhita " also states qualities of mother earth.
Meaning: 17.1: (Salutations to Mother Earth) The Herbs (Plants) which are like Mothers of the World(who sustains us) grows on the Immovable Earth (Bhumi); the Earth which is held byDharma, ... 17.2: ... and in which Auspiciousness gently pervades throughout the World.
Meaning: 11.1: (Salutations to Mother Earth) O Mother Earth, May Your Hills and Snow-Clad Mountains (spread its coolness within us); May Your Forests spread its delight within us, 11.2: You present a Vishwarupa with Your many colours - Babhru (Brown) (of mountains),Krishna (Blue) (of rivers), Rohini (Red) (of flowers); (But behind all these enchanting appearances) O Mother Earth, You are like Dhruva - Firm and Immovable; And You are protected by Indra, 11.3: (On Your firm foundation) Which is Unconquered, Unslayed and Unbroken Whole, Istand firm (and whole, O Mother).
Meaning: 6.1: (Salutations to Mother Earth) She is Vishwambhara (All-Bearing), She is Vasudhaa(Producer of all Wealth), She is Pratishtha (Foundation on which we live), She isHiranyavaksha (of Golden Bosom) and the Dwelling Place of the World, 6.2: She holds the Vaishvanara (The Universal Fire) within Her, the Fire which empowers Indra and Rishabha; May the Mother Earth bestow on us (the splendour of that Fire and make us strong).
ॐ धनुर्धराययी च विद्महे सर्व सिद्धि:च धीमहि तन्नो धरा प्रचोदयात ।। Om Dhanurdharayi ch vidmahey serva siddhi ch dhimahi tanno dhara prachodayat.
ॐ वसुंधाराय विद्महे भूतधात्रीय धीमहि तन्नो भूमि प्रचोदयात ।। Om Vasundharaya vidhmaye bhutdhatriya dhimahi tanno bhumi prachodayat.
The famous Bhu suktham is part of Pancha suktham and appears in Taittriya Samhita and also Rigveda.
Meaning: Oh BhUmi devi! You are called BhUmi because you are rich in all kinds of wealth. You are vast in Your breadth and length, lofty through Your vaibhavam and are resplendent and glorious in the milky way as well in all the space that is desired by all! Oh Devi, whose source (mother) is 'aditi' implying a good force as opposed to the evil force as You are ever ready to help us by being nearby, because of your unlimited compassion and your ever-forgiving attitude . Oh Devi who cannot be split by anyone! In the middle of You between the sky and the earth, I invoke you through AdhAna agni, who can consume the offered havis.
Meaning: With His rays, the radiant Sun comes to our side like the food giving protective Mother and blesses us with the fields rich in crops and ascends to the sky and blesses us from there with the rain like the Father who nourishes us.
Meaning: With the movement of the sUryan, the world shines with light for 12 hours. May my speech in the form of eulogy reach Him as He moves rapidly in the sky! Oh Lord Preceptor sUrya! May Thou chase away my aparAdhAs and blemishes with the lustre of Your rays! May You be cool to me and favour me with health for eloquence in speech and May Thou accept the havis offered by me through Your jvAlas!
Meaning: His (sUrya's) lustre spreads from morning to evening, in between the earth and the sky and moves inside and out through the vital airs and invigorates as a lifegiver by ( Bhumi) Devi's grace. He reveals the great world of svarga for those dear to Him.
Meaning: Because of your anger from which emanated the earth and grew, May you sustain it! May the vasus, rudrAs, AdityAs and ViSvadevAs come together and take the collective responsibility to return to me my bhagavat bhakti that I threw away on ground because of my anger!
Meaning: She might be addressed by Her many names: medinI, devI, VasundharA, VasudhA, VaasavI (as indrA as a representative, activates) but She is for sure with divine spiritual splendour and is the ear, eye and the mind of the pitrs (manes).
Meaning: The goddess of Earth (Mother Earth) is pregnant with the whole universal gold egg, as the best creator and the best sustainer.
Meaning: May you reach and reside in my tongue to make it truthful! You (She as the Mother Earth) comprise of all the seas and hence You are called 'samudravatI', and You are named 'sAvitrI' since You are associated with the Sun by Your wonderful brightness. You are our presiding deity benevolent, self-luminous and a benign care-taker, day and night.
Meaning: She is the consort of the Supreme lord, pervading everywhere (omnipresent) and the divine river (mandAkinI/gangA) here on the earth, thus purifying the errant/erring souls. She is full of movement like air, brisk and breath of everyone to be alive. she reclines on the water (payodhi), holds the riches in abundance associated with the goddess of fortune. You are truly alive, on the top of the earth all around.
Meaning: We worship Her by knowing Her as One who (wields the bow and looks also like a bow, lean in the middle) is adorning the bow. For that purpose we meditate upon the One who blesses us with all success (sarva siddhi). May that dharaNi dharA/BhUmi devI, prompt us for that meditation!
Meaning: As a Mother, she carefully listens to all our appeals for ever and she is the hidden and holy river of nectar; and as a bhaktA, i never miss hearing Her words of solace and being comforted by being near Her.
Meaning: Let us all pray to this Goddess of Earth, the consort of Lord VishNu especially in sacrifices (yajna) by offering the oblations of food (havis) which will in turn, come back to us as Her grants. Lord VishNu with the gigantic stature (by incarnating as trivikrama) treaded the three steps (the great strides) and measured the fourteen worlds inclusive of the Earth (mahIm prthivIm) and the sky (divam and antariksham).
Meaning : O' Goddess VasunDharA, you bear the tramping of horses and chariots and the strides of Lord Vishnu. I bear you with reverence on my head; protect me always.
Meaning : You are lifted up by Krishna in the form of VarAha. You are well known as Bhumi, Dhenu, Dharani, and the supporter of all worlds.
Meaning : O' Goddess Earth, destroy my sin: destroy whatever misdeed is done by me. My sins having been destroyed by you , may I live a hundred autumns. O' Earth, bestow on me nourishment - everything is established in you.
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The City of London Squadron Association
Squadron History
600 (City of London) Squadron RAuxAF
Squadron Active:
14 October 1925 - 21 August 1945
10 May 1946 - 10 March 1957
1 October 1999 - Present Day
Latin: Praeter Sescentos
(Translation: "More than six hundred")
Post 1950 Squadron markings
France and Low Countries, 1940*
Battle of Britain, 1940*
Home defence, 1940–42*
North Africa, 1942–43*
Sicily, 1943*
Italy, 1943–45*
Salerno*
Anzio & Nettuno*
Gustav Line
Gothic Line
The honours marked with an asterix* are those emblazoned on the Squadron Standard
Squadron Codes
MV (Jan 1939 – Sep 1939)
BQ (Sep 1939 – Aug 1943
6 (Aug 1943 – Jul 1944)
RAG (May 1946 – 1949)
LJ (1949 – Apr 1951)
No 600 is the only squadron in the RAF/RAuxAF to have two official badges.
The one featuring the City of London crest is called "The Dustcart Crest" as the City badge is found on all vehicles operated by the Corporation of The City of London.
The second badge is called "The Moon and Paperknife" from the City dagger crossing the crescent moon. The design was decided on when the Sqn was based in N Africa and represents the Squadron's role as a Night Fighter unit at that time. Post war, on the reformation of the Sqn at Biggin Hill as a day fighter Sqn the Officers reverted to the original crest. This was unofficial until the CO, Sqn Ldr David Proudlove spoke to the Honorary Air Commodore about it. She replied that she would "Have a word with her husband about it". As our HAC was HM Queen Elizabeth, and her husband was King George VI, the authorisation of the second (but to us the first) badge quickly followed. The Herald "Chester King of Arms" was against it, but the King was talked around by our HAC and the Dust Cart badge was approved. We now display both badges, but the Dust Cart Badge is the primary badge of the unit."
The squadron also holds two Standards, one official (see above) and one 'unofficial' and the story of the presentation of the first is also given here in Flt Lt van Geene's words: –
"In 1931 Sqn Ldr "Freddie Guest" retired to become the Sqn's first HAC. He handed over command to Sqn Ldr "Stan" Collett who was posted in from 601Sqn to assume command on promotion. Stan was employed as Assistant Company Secretary of the Great Western Railway, and was the son of Sir Charles Collett who was involved in local government in the City of London.
In 1934 the Sqn was involved in the Hendon Air Pageant, and Sqn Ldr Collett chose to fly in the Observer's position of one of the Squadrons Wapiti aircraft piloted by Fg Off Robert Lea. The aircraft suffered engine failure on take-off (the subsequent Board of Inquiry actually found that the fuel cock had been turned off accidentally) and Lea turned back to the airfield to make a forced landing. He stalled and crashed and the aircraft caught fire. Lea escaped but Collett was knocked unconscious in the crash and died in the fire. His father was Lord mayor of London in the year of his death, and a large scale military funeral followed at St Paul's Cathedral.
In memory of her son, the Lady Mayoress had a Squadron Standard embroidered, which was presented to the Squadron by her in 1935. It was subsequently carried by the Squadron in the Lord Mayor's Show that November. At that time, no formation of the RAF or its reserves was authorised to hold a standard. In fact the presentation of Standards to the RAF did not begin until 1953. However the Squadron was given permission to parade with this banner only within the boundary of the City of London as recognition of it's personal connection with the Lord Mayoralty. This custom was extended, and ratified by King George V on 1 April 1935, so that the Squadron could parade with the banner on St George's Day of that year. Photographic evidence exists in one of the post war Squadron Scrap Books showing the Squadron under command of Sqn Ldr David Proudlove with the Collett Standard on parade for St Georges Day 1949. The standard continued to be paraded through the streets of the City of London on every Lord Mayor's Show until the Squadron was disbanded in 1957.
The official records containing the letters authorising the custom were lost following the disbandment of the Squadron. Currently evidence exists only in the form of the photograph mentioned above, an article in Flight magazine dated 3 Nov 1949 which mentioned the custom, a further article written by Wg Cdr J Meadows, ex CO of the Sqn in Aeroplane Monthly in April 1987 and personal testimony from several members of the Sqn Association who were on parade when the Collett Standard was carried."
No. 600 (City of London) Squadron RAuxAF is a squadron of the RAF Reserves. It was formed in 1925 and operated as a night fighter squadron during the Second World War with great distinction. After the war, 600 Squadron went on to operate jet fighters until 1957. Reactivated in 1999, 600 Squadron is the only RAF Reserve unit within the M25. It is a Headquarters Support Squadron and provides trained part-time reservists to support RAF operations around the world.
No. 600 (City of London) Squadron RAuxAF was formed at RAF Northolt on 14 October 1925 as a unit of the Auxiliary Air Force, equipped with Avro 504 trainers and Airco DH.9A day bombers. It moved to RAF Hendon at the end of 1926, replacing its DH.9As, veterans of the First World War, with more modern Westland Wapitis in 1929. It was designated a fighter squadron in July 1934. On the outbreak of war day and night patrols were flown, experiments with airborne radar beginning in December 1939. When the Germans invaded Holland, the squadron flew patrols over the Low Countries but in view of the inadequacy of Blenheims for daylight operations, 600 Sqn was allocated to night defence only a few days later.
In September 1940 the first Bristol Beaufighter was received, conversion being completed early in 1941. In October 1940 the squadron moved to Yorkshire and in March 1941 to south-west England, where it remained until September 1942. In November 1942, 600 Sqn moved to North Africa to provide night cover for Allied bases and shipping. It was transferred to Malta in June 1943, and in September, to Italy where it spent the rest of the war on night defence and intruder missions. Re-equipment with Mosquitoes began in January 1945 and on 21 August 1945 the squadron disbanded, having become the highest scoring night fighter squadron in the RAF.
On 10 May 1946, 600 Sqn reformed at RAF Biggin Hill, as a day fighter squadron of the Auxiliary Air Force with Spitfires. It began to recruit during June and received its first operational aircraft in October. After receiving a De Havilland Vampire in October 1949 for jet conversion, it was allotted Meteors in March 1950 and flew these until the Royal Auxiliary Air Force disbanded on 10 March 1957.
Reforming on 1 October 1999 at RAF Northolt from No. 1 and No. 3 Maritime Headquarters Units, 600 Squadron is now a Headquarters Support Squadron of the RAuxAF, tasked to provide manpower to RAF static and mobile HQ's at home and overseas. Currently 5 "Operational" Flights exist, these being Operations, Intelligence, Communications, Administration and Logistics. Squadron personnel have deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, the Gulf States and into positions within the UK.
In 2007 the Corporation of the City of London granted 600 Squadron "Privileged Regiment Status", an ancient honour granted to only 8 military formations in the history of the City. 600 Squadron is regularly involved in ceremonial events in London and in November 2007 provided a Guard of Honour to the Lord Mayor on his return to the Mansion House after taking the oath of allegiance at the Royal Courts of Justice.
600 (City of London) Squadron RAuxAF actively seeks to recruit and train motivated men and women who live within a 50 mile radius of RAF Northolt, with or without prior armed forces experience, and who have an interest in supporting the RAF in their spare-time. Further information can be found on the RAF Reserves website.
Aircraft Operated by No.600 Squadron
Oct 1925 Oct 1929 Avro 504K
Oct 1925 Oct 1929 de-Havilland DH9A
Aug 1929 Jan 1935 Westland Wapiti IIa
Aug 1929 Jan 1935 Avro Tutor
Jan 1935 May 1937 Hawker Hart
Feb 1937 Apr 1939 Hawker Demon
Jan 1939 Oct 1941 Bristol Blenheim IV
Sep 1940 Jun 1941 Bristol Beaufighter If
Apr 1941 Apr 1942 Bristol Beaufighter IIf
Mar 1942 Feb 1945 Bristol Beaufighter VIf
Dec 1944 Aug 1945 de-Havilland Mosquito XIX
Oct 1946 Nov 1947 Supermarine Spitfire F14e
Apr 1947 Nov 1950 Supermarine Spitfire F.21
Sep 1948 Mar 1950 Supermarine Spitfire F.22
Mar 1950 Apr 1952 Gloster Meteor F.4
Nov 1951 Mar 1957 Gloster Meteor F.8
Officers Commanding no. 600 Squadron
Oct 1925 1926 W/Cdr. A.W.H. James. MC
1926 1931 S/Ldr. the Hon. F.E. Guest
1931 Jul 1934 S/Ldr. S.B. Collett
Jul 1934 Jun 1937 S/Ldr. P.G. Stewart
Jun 1937 Dec 1939 S/Ldr. G.L.S. Dawson – Damer. the Viscount Carlow
Dec 1939 May 1940 S/Ldr. J.M. Wells
May 1940 Sep 1940 F/Lt. de B. Clarke
Sep 1940 Nov 1940 S/Ldr. H.L. Maxwell DSO
Nov 1940 Jan 1941 S/Ldr. C.A. Pritchard[23]
Jan 1941 Dec 1941 W/Cdr. G. Stainforth AFC
Dec 1941 May 1942 W/Cdr. H.M. Pearson DFC
May 1942 Nov 1942 W/Cdr. A.G. Miller DFC Order of Lenin
Nov 1942 Dec 1942 W/Cdr. J.R. Watson
Dec 1942 Mar 1944 W/Cdr. C.P. Green DSO DFC
Mar 1944 Dec 1944 W/Cdr. L.H. Styles DFC
Dec 1944 Aug 1945 W/Cdr. A.H. Drummond
Jul 1946 Jul 1948 S/Ldr. T.N. Hayes DFC
Jul 1948 Aug 1950 S/Ldr. D.E. Proudlove
Aug 1950 Oct 1953 S/Ldr. J.P. Meadows DFC AFC
Oct 1953 Mar 1957 S/Ldr. J. McCormack AFC
1999 Wg/Cdr. E. Partridge OBE DL
2001 ? TBA
Wg/Cdr. T. Lynn
Dec 2009 Wg/Cdr. S. Ahearn AE
Dec 2009 Nov 2011 Wg/Cdr. M. Crossman
Nov 2011 Wg/Cdr. I. Tripp
Acting OC - S/Ldr S. Duddy
Wg/Cdr. A Calame MVO MBE MA
Honorary Air Commodores of No. 600 Squadron
1931 1937 The Rt Hon F.E. Guest
1937 1941 Lord Lloyd
1942 1949 Sir Archibald Sinclair
1949 1957 HM The Queen (The Queen Mother from 1952)
1999 1999 Sir Adrian Swire
1999 2002 HM The Queen Mother
2006 Present Day Air Cdre The Right Honourable
The Viscount Trenchard of Wolfeton DL.
Bases and Airfields used by No.600 Squadron
14 Oct 1925 18 Jan 1927 RAF Northolt, Middlesex
18 Jan 1927 1 Oct 1938 RAF Hendon, Middlesex
1 Oct 1938 3 Oct 1938 RAF Kenley, Surrey
3 Oct 1938 25 Aug 1939 RAF Hendon, Middlesex
25 Aug 1939 2 Oct 1939 RAF Northolt, Middlesex
2 Oct 1939 16 Oct 1939 RAF Hornchurch, Essex
Detachment to: RAF Manston, Kent
16 Oct 1939 20 Oct 1939 RAF Rochford, Essex
20 Oct 1939 27 Dec 1939 RAF Hornchurch, Essex
27 Dec 1939 16 May 1940 RAF Manston, Kent
16 May 1940 20 Jun 1940 RAF Northolt, Middlesex
20 Jun 1940 22 Aug 1940 RAF Manston, Kent
22 Aug 1940 12 Sep 1940 RAF Hornchurch, Essex
12 Sep 1940 12 Oct 1940 RAF Redhill, Surrey
12 Oct 1940 14 Mar 1941 RAF Catterick, North Yorkshire
Detachments to: RAF Drem, East Lothian Scotland
RAF Acklington, Northumberland
RAF Prestwick, Ayrshire
14 Mar 1941 27 Apr 1941 RAF Drem, East Lothian, Scotland
Detachment to: RAF Prestwick, Ayrshire
27 Apr 1941 18 Jun 1941 RAF Colerne, Wiltshire
18 Jun 1941 27 Jun 1941 RAF Fairwood Common, Gower, Wales
Detachment to: RAF Predannack, Cornwall
27 Jun 1941 6 Oct 1941 RAF Colerne, Wiltshire
6 Oct 1941 2 Sep 1942 RAF Predannack, Cornwall
2 Sep 1942 14 Nov 1942 RAF Church Fenton, North Yorkshire
14 Nov 1942 18 Nov 1942 RAF Portreath, Cornwall
18 Nov 1942 7 Dec 1942 RAF Blida, Algeria
7 Dec 1942 3 Jan 1943 RAF Maison Blanche, Algeria
3 Jan 1943 25 Jun 1943 Setif, Algeria
Detatchments to: Souk-el-Khemis
'Paddington', Tunisia
Bone, Tunisia
Tingley, Algeria
25 Jun 1943 26 Jul 1943 RAF Luqa, Malta
26 Jul 1943 30 Sep 1943 Cassibile (Sicily), Italy
30 Sep 1943 2 Feb 1944 Montecorvino Airfield, Italy
Detatchments to: Brindisi, Italy
Tortorella, Italy
Gaudo, Italy
Lago, Italy
2 Feb 1944 22 Mar 1944 Marcianise, Italy
22 Mar 1944 1 Apr 1944 Pomigliano, Italy
1 Apr 1944 13 Jun 1944 Marcianise, Italy
13 Jun 1944 19 Jun 1944 La Banca, Italy
19 Jun 1944 5 Jul 1944 Voltone, Italy
5 Jul 1944 29 Jul 1944 Follonica, Italy
29 Jul 1944 25 Aug 1944 Rosignano, Italy
Detachment to: Falconara, Italy
25 Aug 1944 15 Dec 1944 Falconara, Italy
Detatchment to: Rosignano Iesi, Italy
Bellaria, Italy
15 Dec 1944 24 May 1945 Cesenatico, Italy
24 May 1945 26 Jul 1945 Campoformido, Italy
26 Jul 1945 21 Aug 1945 Aviano, Italy
10 May 1946 10 Mar 1957 RAF Biggin Hill, Kent
1 Oct 1999 Present Day RAF Northolt, Middlesex
Introduction to No.600
600 Sqn Association News
June '19 News Letter Now Available July 3, 2019
March '19 News Letter Now Available April 20, 2019
December Newsletter now available! March 10, 2019
Updated! Association Events 2019 March 10, 2019
Congratulations Shobha ! June 16, 2018
Like Our Page !
Praeter Sescentos
Association Events 2019
History of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force
No.1 (County of Hertford) Maritime Headquarters Unit
Associated Squadrons
No 601 (County of London) Squadron Association
No 604 (County of Middlesex) Squadron Association
Ian White Articles
RAF Reserves News
RAF News
Poseidon, the UK's new maritime patrol aircraft, takes to the skies
Defence Secretary joins RAF personnel at London Pride
England World Cup Rugby Squad Endure Military Training at RAF St Mawgan
F-35 Lightning Aircraft Deploy to Italy for Bilateral Training
RAF Personnel Cycle 1600km to commemorate 75th Anniversary of The Great Escape
Site Copyright
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Rated 5 outside of five by Cindy 637 from Steerable knee walker I broke my ankle and experienced operation To place in a very plate and screws. I arrived dwelling from your clinic using a walker and wheelchair. The walker ws a nightmare for me And that i didn't experience safe with it.
Knee walker for lease Stuart, FL space. A knee walker or sometimes named a knee scooter is an excellent rental alternative to utilizing crutches. Knee walkers have an easy steering wheel so that you can conveniently maneuver all-around.
Should you have not long ago sustained an injury towards your reduced entire body, you should think of acquiring a knee scooter to assist you to move round the house or outside.
We provided some knee scooter films so that you can Look into ahead of obtaining or leasing a walker, check them out down below.
A steerable knee scooter or walker is commonly Utilized in the substitution of crutches simply because crutches can market even further harm and they are not cozy for some individuals.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Danny_T from This walker has designed my everyday living greater I've experienced big ankle difficulties for around 4 several years. Most of the time I am able to walk, but only minimal distances. Often I can't stroll in any respect. In advance of I started working with this walker I tried numerous crutches. Heading any distance was gradual and exhausting.
If you are owning difficulties reaching factors on higher ground or up on the rack someplace, you ought to explore a turning knee scooter for support when looking to achieve previously mentioned eye degree products.
After you can modify your knee scooter and place it all jointly, you should discover the proper working Directions in an effort to protect against injuries and to lengthen the lifetime of the gadget. Your scooter should be managed routinely to ensure that it to previous you a very long time.
Another excuse why healthcare knee scooters are applied to replace crutches is mainly because some individuals put up with arthritis as well as other health linked problems, which makes it agonizing for them to make use of crutches on a traditional foundation.
You could possibly hear about this stuff becoming generally known as "crutch options". Traditionally, recovering from foot and/or ankle surgical procedure essential the affected individual to make use of crutches. Crutches are cumbersome and not comfortable, they usually develop soreness and distress in your armpit. Not so using a knee walker!
Even though turning knee scooters offer you extra comfort and ease than crutches, it doesn't suggest you will not get tired. Exactly what the roll about scooter will help you to do is to be able to rest Your whole body and since you are on wheels you may more stamina to burn off when travelling.
Some individuals have difficulties getting into and out of your shower without the need of injuring them selves. Rolling knee scooters enable you to roll right beside the shower, turn on the faucets, and Then you can certainly make use of the steerable knee walker as help As you get from the shower. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,879 |
Q: HTML 5 Canvas Moving circle on defined line with same speed I have a specific question. I have two rectangles and I'm calculating the line between these two rectangles. Now I want to draw a circle on that line, which is moving forward on the line with a specific speed. I'm redrawing the circle always with new coordinates, that's how i solved the movement.
Now I'm adding to the x-coordinate of the Circle always 1 and then calculate the y-coordinate with my equation. There problem here is, the higher my line slope is, the faster the circle moves.
So how can I calculate the x-coordinate, that the speed of the ball is always the same?
Here is my following code. posX and posY are the positions of the ball that I overwrite. Gun and Ammo are my two rectangles.
this.posX = this.posX - 1;
this.posY = ((this.gunY - this.ammoY) / (this.gunX - this.ammoX)) * (this.posX - this.ammoX) + this.ammoY;
image to understand my calculation and my thoughts
A: Unit vector
Use the line's Unit (normalized) vector. The normalized vector is always one unit long (unless the line has no length) You can scale the vector to what ever speed you require
Normalize line
Example ? should be numbers
// the line start and end
const startX = ?
const startY = ?
const endX = ?
const endY = ?
function getLineNormal() {
// get the line vector
const vx = endX - startX
const vy = endY - startY
// get the line length
const len = Math.hypot(vx, vy)
// Only if the line has length
if (len > 0) {
// calculate normal of vector
return {x: vx / len, y: vy / len}
}
return return {x: 0, y: 0}
}
Scale vector and add unit vector
To use the vector to move at a constant speed. The speed scales the normal vector.
// set circle at start of line.
var circleX = startX
var circleY = startY
const lineVec = getLineNormal()
function moveCircle(speed) { // speed in pixels
circleX += lineVec.x * speed
circleY += lineVec.y * speed
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 1,880 |
John Henry Maund (5 January 1916 – 1994) was an English footballer who played as a right winger for Hednesford Town, Aston Villa, Nottingham Forest, and Walsall.
Career
Maund joined Aston Villa from Hednesford Town in October 1934. He was sold to Nottingham Forest in July 1939. During World War II he played as a guest for Notts County, Walsall, Northampton Town, and Port Vale. He later played for Walsall, and also worked as the club's assistant trainer.
Career statistics
Source:
References
1916 births
1994 deaths
People from Hednesford
English footballers
Association football wingers
Hednesford Town F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Notts County F.C. wartime guest players
Walsall F.C. wartime guest players
Northampton Town F.C. wartime guest players
Port Vale F.C. wartime guest players
Walsall F.C. players
English Football League players
Association football coaches
Walsall F.C. non-playing staff | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 1,881 |
Q: Metadata Api: "Web service callout failed: Unable to parse callout response. Apex type not found for element name" I'm trying to build my own metadata wrapper class to call MD-API directly from apex since the apex-mdapi solution by Andrew Fawcett on Github is kinda outdated.
I downloaded the current metadata WSDL (API 52.0) and generated an apex class. I slowly added the required metadata types and copied the missing methods from apex-mdapi. I had no problem creating the wrapper class for profile and permission set. I can retrieve all information about these two metadata types.
Now my problem: Afterwards I tried to add flow as my next metadata type, but can't get the SOAP to work for me. No matter how many elements I add I always get the same Webcall error:
02:59:32.963 (4309745206)|EXCEPTION_THROWN|[2551]|System.CalloutException: Web service callout failed: Unable to parse callout response. Apex type not found for element name
02:59:32.963 (4310688429)|FATAL_ERROR|System.CalloutException: Web service callout failed: Unable to parse callout response. Apex type not found for element name
Class.MetadataServiceYassin.MetadataPort.readMetadata: line 2551, column 1
I'm trying to get the flow PermissionFlow I prepared on my dev org:
List<String> flowApiNamesList = new List<String>();
flowApiNamesList.add('PermissionFlow');
List<MetadataServiceYassin.Flow> flows = (List<MetadataServiceYassin.Flow>) service.readMetadata('Flow', flowApiNamesList).getRecords();
I checked all elements of each "complexTypes" in the metadata.xml regarding the flow metadata type, but can't locate the source of the error.
Maybe someone here can help me solve this mystery. I created a pastebin for the wrapper class because it wouldn't fit in here: https://pastebin(dot)com/GqDAff1U
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 1,882 |
The AKAI MPK MINI (Music Production Keyboard) is a hammer-action, 88-key MIDI controller keyboard released by Akai in November 2009. It is the only MIDI controller in the MPK series to feature hammer-weighted keys.
It can be connected to a computer via a bus-powered USB port, or with traditional MIDI cables (in which case an external power adapter is required).
Controls and Features
The MPK88 features the following customizable controls:
8 short-travel faders: the minimum and maximum range of these faders can be adjusted for more precise control of certain MIDI data types.
8 continuous encoders/knobs: the minimum and maximum range of these faders can be adjusted for more precise control of certain MIDI data types.
8 buttons: these can operate as a momentary switch, or as a toggle switch to turn a MIDI control code (such as Sustain) on or off. They can also be assigned to functions within a sequencer or DAW.
16 velocity-sensitive pads: these are modeled after the traditional MPC-style pads and by default are set up to trigger different MIDI notes that would correspond to different samples loaded inside the user's sequencer software. The pads also support channel aftertouch, where if a pad is held down after the initial strike, the player can adjust the amount of pressure on the pad to produce a variety of different effects. When the Note Repeat function is active while holding the pad down, the sample will play back repeatedly according to the time division set.
Modulation and Pitchbend wheels: the modwheel can be reassigned to a different controller event.
Dedicated sequencer/DAW remote buttons: these can be set up to use MIDI, MMC, or both.
As most other controllers in the MPK series, the MPK88 also has a built-in arpeggiator, with the 8 buttons acting as the time division for the beat. When this is active, user-programmed settings for the 8 buttons are ignored.
Editing Parameters
All of the MPK's controls (with the exception of the pitch-bend wheel) are programmable by the user. These settings can be saved and recalled from up to 30 unique presets. Additionally, there are 4 unique parameter banks for the pads, and 3 parameter banks for the faders, knobs, and buttons.
Editing parameters can be done either on the controller itself, or with the Vyzex MPK preset editor software, which can be downloaded from Akai's website.
External links
Akai MPK88 Official Product Page
Vyzex Preset Editor - download page
References
MPK88 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 1,883 |
. LAS CONSTRUCCIONES EN MAL ESTADO PONEN EN RIESGO LA INTEGRIDAD FÍSICA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES, CONVIRTIÉNDOSE EN UN VERDADERO OBSTÁCULO PARA LA EDUCACIÓN. IMPLEMENTAR PROGRAMAS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN, RECONSTRUCCIÓN Y REHABILITACIÓN DE INFRAESTRUCTURA EDUCATIVA, CON ÉNFASIS EN LA ZONA RURAL. IMPLEMENTAR UNA BIBLIOTECA VIRTUAL. Y ASEGURAR LA INFRAESTRUCTURA Y ACCESO A SERVICIOS BÁSICOS (AGUA Y DESAGÜE) EN LAS INSTITUCIÓN TENER UNA INFRAESTRUCTURA DE CALIDAD PARA QUE NUESTRO NIÑOS Y JÓVENES, PUEDAN DE MANERA MAS CÓMODA CUMPLIR SU JORNADA ESCOLAR CON TODAS LAS HERRAMIENTAS.
EN LA ACTUALIDAD NO SE EJECUTAN DE MANERA ADECUADA LOS PROGRAMAS DE SALUD PREVENTIVA, EN GRAN MEDIDA DEBIDO A LA ESCASEZ DE PERSONAL Y LA NO ESPECIALIZACIÓN DE LOS MISMOS, AL SER EN SU MAYORÍA TÉCNICOS DE ENFERMERÍA. ES NECESARIO INTRODUCIR PROGRAMAS DE BIENESTAR SOCIAL EN ESCUELAS Y ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE SALUD, GESTIONANDO PERSONAL EN TRABAJO SOCIAL Y PSICOLOGÍA. TENER UNA CENTRO DE SALUD DE CALIDAD DE ATENCIÓN Y CON UN PERSONAL DE CALIDAD, QUE VA A FACILITAR Y DIMINUIR LA TASA DE MORTALIDD.
APOYO ESCASO APOYO QUE SE LE OTORGA A NUESTRO AMIGOS AGRICULTORES Y GANADEROS, EL ESTADO NO SE HACE PRESENTE PARA ELLOS .. INCREMENTAR LOS NIVELES DE PRODUCCIÓN Y RENDIMIENTO EN LA ACTIVIDAD GANADERA: LECHE, LANAR Y CÁRNICO. DOTAR AL DISTRITO DEL EQUIPAMIENTO Y LA INFRAESTRUCTURA PARA UNA PRODUCCIÓN COMPETITIVA. FORTALECER LA ARTICULACIÓN COMERCIAL DE LOS GANADEROS CON MERCADOS RENTABLES QUE LA CALIDAD DE NUESTROS PRODUCTOS SEAN DE EXCELENTE CALIDAD.
TENENCIA IRRESPONSABLE DE MASCOTAS. PROMOVER EL CUIDADO Y TENENCIA RESPONSABLE DE MASCOTAS. 01 PROGRAMA DE CUIDADO Y TENENCIA RESPONSABLE DE MASCOTAS. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,884 |
> **Note:** There is a new, modern PHP compiler to .NET entitled Peachpie, which is being developed at the moment. Please see [the Peachpie repository](https://github.com/iolevel/peachpie)
By Jakub Misek, 11/22/2011
Today we have released sources of Phalanger 3.0 – the PHP compiler for .NET Framework. It represents a big step for PHP compatibility, .NET interoperability and overall performance.The main changes include PHP 5.3 namespace support, PHP constants using const keyword, the support for Mono on Linux, improvements that enable using Phalanger with numerous open-source PHP applications and several bugfixes.
EDIT: Phalanger 3.0 is released under Apache 2 license.
# Installation package
EDIT: The installation package of Phalanger 3.0 (for Windows) can be downloaded from phalanger.codeplex.com.
# List of main changes
## CONFIGURATION CHANGES
- Assembly versions changed to 3.0.0.0 (PhpNet*, php_*.mng)
- Regenerated managed wrappers
- DynamicWrapper directory doesn't need to be specified
- scripts are automatically recompiled if configuration changes
- license updated to Apache 2
- PHP 5.3 FEATURES
- Full PHP 5.3 namespace syntax and semantic
- aliases (use statement)
- parse-time full qualified name resolving (dynamically constructed qualified names ignore aliasing)
- Function call and constant use from within namespace as it is in PHP (first look in the current namespace, then in the global namespace)
- Compile time checks for type name duplicity
- CodeDOM redesigned for PHP namespace semantics
- Phalanger "import" statement deprecated
- Phalanger "import" statement allowed only in Pure mode, postpones the parse-time qualified name resolving
- callback can be specified as "CLASS::MEMBER"
- constant(), defined() recognizes "CLASS::CONST"
##MONO FUNCTIONALITY
- Fixed configuration loading
- Fixed FileSystem debug
- asserts for linux
- Fixed compiling of scripts in subdirectories on linux
##.NET INTEROPERABILITY
- MulticastDelegate automatically converted into callable PHP object (when passing from .NET to PHP)
- Dynamic operations on PHP objects (method call, properties get and set) (DLR)
- App_Code seamless integration
- PCRE
- regexps group names are allowed to start with a number
- preg_match_all() when used with PREG_PATTERN_ORDER should return groups even if there isn't any match (PREG_SET_ORDER should return empty array)
- Fix of preg_match(): indexed groups with more than one digit added also as named group
- Fix of preg_match_all()
##COMPILATION
- Fixed emitting of namespaced empty statements
- Fix of compilation (tried to generate ghost stubs in already built base interface)
- Fix of creating long delegates (type name duplicity within a module exception)
- Debugging information fix for "IF … ELSEIF …", "IF … IF … ELSE"
- Optimized CallSites container emitting, less types created and baked
- Fix of emitting optional argument with TypeHint, that is not used in the function
- Fix of abstract __construct declaration
- Fixed Eval in Eval (when deferred class is being compiled, causing autoload which creates another deferred class)
- Fixed __call() invocation when expecting a reference to be returned
##CODE MAINTENANCE
- Compiling Phalanger does not output any warnings
- phpinfo() displays Phalanger version and whether it runs in debug and x64
- some String.ToLower() replaced with CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.TextInfo.ToLower() (faster)
##OTHER FEATURES
- "libxml" extension stubs
- Removed php6 language features
- Implemented "const" keyword in global or namespaced code
- stripslashes () erases "\" if it's last character, as it is in PHP
- Updated installer for new version, new output path
- Fix of DOM childNodes, when there is a whitespace
- base64_decode() with second parameter
- ob_gzhandler() crash fix when browser e.g. does not send "accept-encoding" header properly
- quoted_printable_encode() implemented
- User-friendly error message when trying to use native extensions in 64 process.
- Implicit conversion of PHP objects altered to comply with PHP ( $obj == 1 always )
- Binary and some unary operations support PHP objects
- join() with one argument
- Internal optimization avoiding of repetitious Dictionary resizing
- Internal optimization saving memory and garbage collector when declaring global function
- dynamic call of global function optimization avoiding lookup in dictionary
##SPL
- iterator_apply(), iterator_count(), iterator_to_array()
- interface OuterIterator, interface RecursiveIterator
##TESTS
- Tests for PHP namespaces
- New tests for PCRE
- Tests for const keyword
- Samples updated
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 1,885 |
BEAUTY IS A RARE THING
People walked out of his gigs, musicians refused to play with him. For many, Ornette Coleman's music was unplayable and unlistenable. Of all the great innovators in jazz, Coleman was the one least willing to compromise or to backtrack. John Coltrane observed, in 1961, that the 12 minutes he had spent on stage with Coleman amounted to 'the most intense moment of my life'. His death this week deprives us of one of the great, truly great, musicians of the twentieth century.
Through a series of seminal albums in the late 1950s and early 1960s – Something Else!!!!, Tomorrow is the Question!, The Shape of Jazz to Come, Change of the Century, This Is Our Music, Free Jazz – Coleman came to define the avant garde. Together with John Coltrane, he changed the course of jazz, freeing it from bebop, pushing it in new directions. Probably more than any other figure Coleman ensured that jazz was unchained from traditional rules of harmony and rhythm and chord structure, and less rooted in the American songbook.
His influence ranged far wider than jazz. His ideas fed into classical, electronic and rock; those who drew upon his work included Leonard Bernstein, John Zorn and Lou Reed.
The cry of 'Judas' might have greeted Bob Dylan in the Manchester Free Trade Hall in 1966. It was a sentiment that dogged Coleman virtually throughout his career. Yet, the idea that he was simply a noise maker is absurd to anyone who has truly listened to his music. Yes, his work could be difficult, dissonant, confrontational, chaotic. But it was also often melancholic, haunting, beautiful. Some of it is even funky. And always in the background are the blues; Coleman grew up with the blues, and much of his work is rooted in the blues, but a blues loosened up and given flight.
So, here are my ten favourite Coleman tracks. In the words of one his compositions, beauty is a rare thing.
(from The Shape of Jazz to Come, Atlantic 1959)
Tears Inside
(from Tomorrow is the Question!, Contemporary 1959)
(from Change of the Century, Atlantic 1959)
Blues Connotation
(from This is Our Music, Atlantic 1960)
The Alchemy of Scott LaFaro
(From The Art of the Improvisers, Atlantic 1961)
Faces and Places
(from At the Golden Circle Stockholm, 1965)
Law Years
(from Science Fiction, Columbia 1971)
Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman
(from Soapsuds, Soapsuds, Artists House 1977)
by Kenan Malik on June 12, 2015
Categories: Culture & Books • Tags: jazz, ornette coleman
← PATRONISE ME!
DISAFFECTION IN A FRAGMENTED WORLD →
nannus
…maybe it is, but it is here!
elvagreen123
I am not a huge jazz fan, but I like and recognize Ornette when I hear him-surprised people walked out. Thanx for sharing these tunes.
Robert Greenwood
Ornette Coleman did have a "Judas" moment of sorts at the Fairfield Hall in Croydon in 1965 (one year before Dylan's) when someone in the audience shouted "Play Cherokee!" Ray Noble's "Cherokee Love Song" is a particularly tricky piece and forms the basis of Charlie Parker's superlative 1945 recording "Koko." It's a sort of test piece for aspiring jazz saxophonists and, presumably, the person who exhorted Coleman to play it was sceptical of Ornette's true musical abilities. Fortunately the Croydon concert was recorded and, sure enough, Ornette can be heard, in mid-flow, to interpolate a few bars of "Cherokee." I can think of no better way to shut up a heckler than that. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,886 |
require 'test_helper'
describe PasswordFormatValidator do
describe 'when the password is valid' do
let(:errors) do
errors = { password: [] }
object = mock()
object.stubs(:errors).returns(errors)
validator = PasswordFormatValidator.new({attributes: 'anything'})
validator.validate_each(object, :password, 'ValidPassword1234')
errors
end
it 'does not add any errors' do
errors[:password].must_be_empty
end
end
[ 'nouppercase1', 'NOLOWERCASE1', 'NoNumbers' ].each do |bad_password|
let(:errors) do
errors = { password: [] }
object = mock()
object.stubs(:errors).returns(errors)
validator = PasswordFormatValidator.new({attributes: 'anything'})
validator.validate_each(object, :password, bad_password)
errors
end
describe "when the password is invalid (#{bad_password})" do
it 'adds an "invalid password" error' do
errors[:password].must_include 'is invalid (it must contain a mixture of numbers and lower and upper case letters)'
end
end
end
describe 'when the password is too short' do
let(:errors) do
errors = { password: [] }
object = mock()
object.stubs(:errors).returns(errors)
validator = PasswordFormatValidator.new({attributes: 'anything'})
validator.validate_each(object, :password, 'Short1')
errors
end
it 'adds a "too short" error' do
errors[:password].must_include 'is too short (minimum is 10 characters)'
end
end
describe 'when the password value is nil' do
let(:errors) do
errors = { password: [] }
object = mock()
object.stubs(:errors).returns(errors)
validator = PasswordFormatValidator.new({attributes: 'anything'})
validator.validate_each(object, :password, nil)
errors
end
it 'does not add any errors' do
errors[:password].must_be_empty
end
end
describe 'when the password value is empty' do
let(:errors) do
errors = { password: [] }
object = mock()
object.stubs(:errors).returns(errors)
validator = PasswordFormatValidator.new({attributes: 'anything'})
validator.validate_each(object, :password, '')
errors
end
it 'does not add any errors' do
errors[:password].must_be_empty
end
end
end
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 1,887 |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--L
Copyright Ekagra Software Technologies Ltd.
Copyright SAIC, SAIC-Frederick
Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD 3-Clause License.
See http://ncip.github.com/cacore-sdk/LICENSE.txt for details.
L-->
<!-- ****************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- caCORE ToolKit Demo Build Script -->
<!-- ****************************************************************************************************-->
<project name="caCORE SDK Test" default="readThickClientTest" basedir=".">
<!-- load properties files -->
<property name="project.home" location="${basedir}/.." />
<property name="project.build.home" location="${project.home}/build" />
<property name="output.dir.location" value="${project.home}/target/dist/exploded"/>
<property name="isoExample.lib" value="${project.home}/target/dist/exploded/output/isoExample/lib"/>
<property name="package.client.local.conf.dir" value="${project.home}/target/dist/exploded/output/isoExample/package/local-client/conf"/>
<property name="package.client.local.lib.dir" value="${project.home}/target/dist/exploded/output/isoExample/package/local-client/lib"/>
<property file="${project.build.home}/codegen.properties" />
<property file="${project.build.home}/install.properties" />
<property file="${SDK_INSTALL_DIR}/software/build/project.properties"/>
<property name="junit.home" location="${project.home}/junit" />
<property name="src.dir" value="${junit.home}/src"/>
<property name="lib.dir" value="${junit.home}/lib"/>
<property name="classes.dir" value="${junit.home}/classes"/>
<property name="test.cobertura.dir" value="${SDK_INSTALL_DIR}/software/target/modules/lib/test-cobertura"/>
<property name="modules.lib.dir" value="${SDK_INSTALL_DIR}/software/target/modules/lib"/>
<property name="project.target.dir" value="${project.home}/target"/>
<property name="dist.dir" value="${project.target.dir}/dist"/>
<property name="dist.exploded.dir" value="${dist.dir}/exploded"/>
<property name="junit.report.dir" value="${junit.home}/report"/>
<property name="aggregate.report.dir" value="${junit.report.dir}/aggregate-report"/>
<property name="cobertura.report.dir" value="${junit.report.dir}/cobertura-report"/>
<property name="report.project.dir" value="${junit.report.dir}/defaultTest" />
<property name="build.report.dir" value="${report.project.dir}/build-report" />
<property name="report.dir" value="${report.project.dir}" />
<property name="report.dir.thick-client.cql.query" value="${report.dir}/thick-client-cql" />
<property name="report.dir.remote-client.cql.query" value="${report.dir}/remote-client-cql" />
<property name="report.dir.thick-client" value="${report.dir}/thick-client" />
<property name="report.dir.hql-client" value="${report.dir}/hql-client" />
<property name="report.dir.rest-client" value="${report.dir}/rest-client" />
<property name="report.dir.systemtest" value="${report.dir}/systemtest" />
<property name="report.dir.remote-client" value="${report.dir}/remote-client" />
<property name="report.dir.hv-client" value="${report.dir}/hibernate-validator-client" />
<property name="report.dir.xsd-client" value="${report.dir}/xsd-client" />
<property name="report.dir.xml-thick-data-client" value="${report.dir}/xml-local-data-client" />
<property name="report.dir.xml-remote-data-client" value="${report.dir}/xml-remote-data-client" />
<property name="report.dir.xml-thick-datatype-client" value="${report.dir}/xml-local-datatype-client" />
<property name="report.dir.xml-remote-datatype-client" value="${report.dir}/xml-remote-datatype-client" />
<property name="report.dir.security-thick-client" value="${report.dir}/security-thick-client" />
<property name="report.dir.security-group-thick-client" value="${report.dir}/security-group-thick-client" />
<property name="report.dir.security-remote-client" value="${report.dir}/security-remote-client" />
<property name="report.dir.codegen" value="${report.dir}/codegen" />
<property name="generate.report" value="true" />
<property name="cobertura.enabled" value="false" />
<!-- load ant contrib -->
<path id="taskdef.cp">
<fileset dir="lib">
<include name="*.jar" />
</fileset>
</path>
<taskdef resource="net/sf/antcontrib/antcontrib.properties" classpathref="taskdef.cp" />
<!--RESOLVE SERVER_URL property *************************************************** -->
<condition property="SERVER_PROTOCOL" value="https" else="http">
<equals arg1="${ENABLE_GRID_LOGIN_MODULE}" arg2="true" />
</condition>
<switch value="${SERVER_TYPE}">
<case value="jboss">
<property name="SERVER_HOST_NAME" value="${jboss.server.hostname}"/>
<property name="SERVER_HTTP_PORT" value="${jboss.server.port}"/>
<property name="SERVER_SSL_PORT" value="${jboss.server.ssl.port}"/>
<property name="exclude.tomcat" value="true"/>
</case>
<case value="tomcat">
<property name="exclude.jboss" value="true"/>
<property name="SERVER_HOST_NAME" value="${tomcat.hostname}"/>
<property name="SERVER_SSL_PORT" value="${tomcat.port.ssl}"/>
<property name="SERVER_HTTP_PORT" value="${tomcat.port.http}"/>
</case>
<default>
<fail message="Invalid server type ${SERVER_TYPE}" />
</default>
</switch>
<condition property="SERVER_PORT" value="${SERVER_SSL_PORT}" else="${SERVER_HTTP_PORT}">
<equals arg1="${ENABLE_GRID_LOGIN_MODULE}" arg2="true" />
</condition>
<property name="SERVER_URL" value="${SERVER_PROTOCOL}://${SERVER_HOST_NAME}:${SERVER_PORT}/${PROJECT_NAME}" />
<property name="SDK_GRID_LOGIN_SERVICE_URL" value="${SERVER_PROTOCOL}://${SERVER_HOST_NAME}:${SERVER_PORT}/${SDK_GRID_LOGIN_SERVICE_NAME}" />
<condition property="SERVER_URL" value="${SDK_GRID_LOGIN_SERVICE_URL}" else="${SERVER_URL}">
<equals arg1="${ENABLE_GRID_LOGIN_MODULE}" arg2="true" />
</condition>
<!--***********************************************************************
*** Classpath entries
*********************************************************************** -->
<path id="local-client-cp">
<fileset dir="${package.client.local.lib.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${isoExample.lib}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<path refid="junit-lib" />
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}" />
<pathelement path="${package.client.local.conf.dir}" />
</path>
<path id="junit-lib">
<fileset dir="lib">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
</path>
<path id="remote-client-cp">
<fileset dir="${package.client.remote.lib.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${package.client.local.lib.dir}">
<include name="**/sdk-system-core-*.jar" />
</fileset>
<path refid="junit-lib" />
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}" />
<pathelement path="${package.client.remote.conf.dir}" />
</path>
<path id="remote-client-cp-appconfig">
<fileset dir="${package.client.remote.lib.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${package.client.local.lib.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<path refid="junit-lib" />
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}" />
<pathelement path="${package.client.remote.conf.dir}" />
<pathelement path="${package.client.local.conf.dir}" />
</path>
<path id="ws-client-cp">
<fileset dir="${package.client.ws.lib.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<fileset dir="lib">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}" />
<pathelement path="${package.client.ws.conf.dir}" />
</path>
<path id="instrumented.classpath">
<fileset dir="${test.cobertura.dir}/instrumented/sdk">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
</path>
<path id="project.test.cobertura.classpath">
<fileset dir="${test.cobertura.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
</path>
<!--***********************************************************************
*** Macro definitions to run JUnits
*********************************************************************** -->
<macrodef name="SDKecho">
<attribute name="message" default="..." />
<sequential>
<echo>*****************************************************************</echo>
<echo>*** @{message}</echo>
<echo>*****************************************************************</echo>
</sequential>
</macrodef>
<macrodef name="SDKGenerateReport">
<attribute name="junitOutputDir" />
<attribute name="junitInputDir" default="@{junitOutputDir}"/>
<attribute name="generateReport" default="${generate.report}" />
<attribute name="includePattern" default="TEST-*.xml" />
<sequential>
<if>
<equals arg1="@{generateReport}" arg2="true"/>
<then>
<mkdir dir="@{junitOutputDir}/report" />
<junitreport todir="@{junitOutputDir}/report">
<fileset dir="@{junitInputDir}" includes="@{includePattern}" />
<report format="frames" todir="@{junitOutputDir}/report" />
</junitreport>
</then>
</if>
</sequential>
</macrodef>
<macrodef name="SDKRunJUnit">
<attribute name="junitClasspath" />
<attribute name="junitOutputDir" default="${junit.home}/output" />
<attribute name="includePattern" />
<attribute name="excludePattern" />
<attribute name="junitreportfile" />
<attribute name="loginConfig.location" default="${package.client.local.conf.dir}" />
<sequential>
<if>
<equals arg1="${cobertura.enabled}" arg2="true" />
<then>
<echo message="Cobertura enabled" />
<SDKRunJUnitWithCobertura junitClasspath="@{junitClasspath}" junitOutputDir="@{junitOutputDir}" includePattern="@{includePattern}" excludePattern="@{excludePattern}" junitreportfile="@{junitreportfile}" />
</then>
<else>
<echo message="Cobertura not enabled" />
<SDKRunJUnitWithoutCobertura junitClasspath="@{junitClasspath}" junitOutputDir="@{junitOutputDir}" includePattern="@{includePattern}" excludePattern="@{excludePattern}" junitreportfile="@{junitreportfile}" />
</else>
</if>
</sequential>
</macrodef>
<macrodef name="SDKRunJUnitWithoutCobertura">
<attribute name="junitClasspath" />
<attribute name="junitOutputDir" default="${junit.home}/output"/>
<attribute name="includePattern" />
<attribute name="junitreportfile" />
<attribute name="excludePattern" />
<attribute name="loginConfig.location" default="${package.client.local.conf.dir}"/>
<sequential>
<delete dir="@{junitOutputDir}" />
<mkdir dir="@{junitOutputDir}" />
<delete dir="${junit.home}/output"/>
<mkdir dir="${junit.home}/output"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.report.dir}" />
<junit printsummary="yes" maxmemory="1024m" showoutput="false" failureproperty="fail-prop" errorproperty="error-prop">
<sysproperty key="java.security.auth.login.config" value="@{loginConfig.location}/login.config" />
<sysproperty key="webservice.url" value="${SERVER_URL}/services/${WEBSERVICE_NAME}" />
<sysproperty key="log4j.configuration" value="./conf/log4j.xml"/>
<sysproperty key="useGMETags" value="${GENERATE_XSD_WITH_GME_TAGS}"/>
<sysproperty key="usePermissibleValues" value="${GENERATE_XSD_WITH_PERMISSIBLE_VALUES}"/>
<sysproperty key="namespaceUriPrefix" value="${NAMESPACE_PREFIX}"/>
<sysproperty key="enableAttributeLevelSecurity" value="${ENABLE_ATTRIBUTE_LEVEL_SECURITY}"/>
<sysproperty key="enableInstanceLevelSecurity" value="${ENABLE_INSTANCE_LEVEL_SECURITY}"/>
<sysproperty key="enableCaGridLoginModule" value="${ENABLE_GRID_LOGIN_MODULE}"/>
<sysproperty key="outputDir" value="${junit.home}/output/"/>
<sysproperty key="serverURL" value="http://${SERVER_HOST_NAME}:${SERVER_HTTP_PORT}/${PROJECT_NAME}"/>
<classpath>
<path refid="@{junitClasspath}"/>
</classpath>
<formatter type="xml" />
<batchtest haltonfailure="no" todir="@{junitOutputDir}" fork="false">
<fileset dir="${classes.dir}">
<include name="@{includePattern}" />
<exclude name="@{excludePattern}" />
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<java classname="test.junit.report.JunitReportHelper">
<arg value="@{junitOutputDir}" />
<arg value="${build.report.dir}/@{junitreportfile}" />
<jvmarg value="-Xms256M" />
<jvmarg value="-Xmx512M" />
<classpath>
<path refid="@{junitClasspath}" />
</classpath>
</java>
</sequential>
</macrodef>
<macrodef name="SDKRunJUnitWithCobertura">
<attribute name="junitClasspath" />
<attribute name="junitOutputDir" default="${junit.home}/output"/>
<attribute name="includePattern" />
<attribute name="junitreportfile" />
<attribute name="excludePattern" />
<attribute name="loginConfig.location" default="${package.client.local.conf.dir}"/>
<sequential>
<delete dir="@{junitOutputDir}" />
<mkdir dir="@{junitOutputDir}" />
<delete dir="${junit.home}/output"/>
<mkdir dir="${junit.home}/output"/>
<mkdir dir="${build.report.dir}" />
<junit printsummary="yes" maxmemory="1024m" showoutput="false" failureproperty="fail-prop" errorproperty="error-prop">
<sysproperty key="java.security.auth.login.config" value="@{loginConfig.location}/login.config" />
<sysproperty key="webservice.url" value="${SERVER_URL}/services/${WEBSERVICE_NAME}" />
<sysproperty key="log4j.configuration" value="./conf/log4j.xml"/>
<sysproperty key="useGMETags" value="${GENERATE_XSD_WITH_GME_TAGS}"/>
<sysproperty key="usePermissibleValues" value="${GENERATE_XSD_WITH_PERMISSIBLE_VALUES}"/>
<sysproperty key="namespaceUriPrefix" value="${NAMESPACE_PREFIX}"/>
<sysproperty key="enableAttributeLevelSecurity" value="${ENABLE_ATTRIBUTE_LEVEL_SECURITY}"/>
<sysproperty key="enableInstanceLevelSecurity" value="${ENABLE_INSTANCE_LEVEL_SECURITY}"/>
<sysproperty key="enableCaGridLoginModule" value="${ENABLE_GRID_LOGIN_MODULE}"/>
<sysproperty key="outputDir" value="${junit.home}/output/"/>
<sysproperty key="serverURL" value="http://${SERVER_HOST_NAME}:${SERVER_HTTP_PORT}/${PROJECT_NAME}"/>
<sysproperty key="net.sourceforge.cobertura.datafile" file="@{junitOutputDir}/cobertura.ser" />
<classpath>
<path refid="instrumented.classpath" />
<path refid="@{junitClasspath}"/>
<path refid="project.test.cobertura.classpath"/>
</classpath>
<formatter type="xml" />
<batchtest haltonfailure="no" todir="@{junitOutputDir}" fork="false">
<fileset dir="${classes.dir}">
<include name="@{includePattern}" />
<exclude name="@{excludePattern}" />
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<java classname="test.junit.report.JunitReportHelper">
<arg value="@{junitOutputDir}" />
<arg value="${build.report.dir}/@{junitreportfile}" />
<jvmarg value="-Xms256M" />
<jvmarg value="-Xmx512M" />
<classpath>
<path refid="@{junitClasspath}" />
</classpath>
</java>
</sequential>
</macrodef>
<macrodef name="SDKCompileJUnit">
<attribute name="compileClasspath" />
<attribute name="includePattern" />
<attribute name="excludePattern" />
<sequential>
<mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/>
<javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" debug="true" debuglevel="lines,vars,source">
<include name="@{includePattern}" />
<exclude name="@{excludePattern}" />
<classpath refid="@{compileClasspath}" />
</javac>
<javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" debug="true" debuglevel="lines,vars,source">
<include name="**/test/junit/report/*.java" />
<classpath refid="@{compileClasspath}" />
</javac>
</sequential>
</macrodef>
<macrodef name="generate-report-cobertura">
<attribute name="cobertura.src.dir" />
<attribute name="cobertura.rpt.dir" />
<sequential>
<delete dir="@{cobertura.rpt.dir}"/>
<mkdir dir="@{cobertura.rpt.dir}"/>
<taskdef classpathref="project.test.cobertura.classpath" resource="tasks.properties" />
<echo message="Hello ${test.cobertura.dir}"/>
<cobertura-merge datafile="@{cobertura.rpt.dir}/aggregate-cobertura-report.ser">
<fileset dir="${test.cobertura.dir}">
<include name="**/*cobertura.ser" />
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${junit.report.dir}">
<include name="**/*cobertura.ser" />
</fileset>
</cobertura-merge>
<property name="abs.cobertura-src-dir" location="@{cobertura.src.dir}"/>
<cobertura-report datafile="@{cobertura.rpt.dir}/aggregate-cobertura-report.ser" format="xml" srcdir="${abs.cobertura-src-dir}/" destdir="@{cobertura.rpt.dir}"/>
<cobertura-report datafile="@{cobertura.rpt.dir}/aggregate-cobertura-report.ser" format="html" srcdir="${abs.cobertura-src-dir}" destdir="@{cobertura.rpt.dir}"/>
<!--
<cobertura-check failureproperty="cobertura.failure" datafile="@{cobertura.instrumented.dir}/@{cobertura.ser.file}" haltonfailure="false" linerate="0" packagebranchrate="0" packagelinerate="0" totalbranchrate="25" totallinerate="30" />
-->
</sequential>
</macrodef>
<!--***********************************************************************
*** Creates new directories
*********************************************************************** -->
<target name="createDir" depends="clean-classes">
<mkdir dir="${report.dir}" />
<mkdir dir="${classes.dir}" />
</target>
<!--***********************************************************************
*** Cleans the generated directories and files
*********************************************************************** -->
<target name="clean" description="Cleans the generated directories and files">
<SDKecho message="${ant.project.name}: Cleaning directories and files" />
<delete dir="${classes.dir}" />
<delete dir="${report.dir}" />
</target>
<target name="clean-classes" description="Cleans the classes directory">
<SDKecho message="${ant.project.name}: Cleaning the classes directory" />
<delete dir="${classes.dir}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for Thick client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="runRESTfulResourceTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*ResourceTest.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="remote-client-cp-appconfig" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.rest-client}" includePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*ResourceTest.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-RESTfulResource.xml" />
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.rest-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for Thick client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="readThickClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*Test.java" excludePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*ResourceTest.java" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.thick-client}" includePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-readThickClient.xml" />
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.thick-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for Schema (XSD) client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="xsdTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="**/*XSD*.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="remote-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xsd-client}" includePattern="**/*XSD*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-xsd.xml" />
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xsd-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for XML Data client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="xmlDataThickClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="test/xml/data/*XML*Test.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-thick-data-client}" includePattern="test/xml/data/*XML*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-xmlDataThickClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-thick-data-client}" />
</target>
<target name="xmlDataRemoteClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="test/xml/data/*XML*Test.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="remote-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-remote-data-client}" includePattern="test/xml/data/*XML*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-xmlDataRemoteClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-remote-data-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for XML DataType -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="xmlDataTypeThickClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="test/xml/other/*DataTypeXML*Test.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-thick-data-client}" includePattern="test/xml/other/*DataTypeXML*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-xmlDataThickClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-thick-datatype-client}" />
</target>
<target name="xmlDataTypeRemoteClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="test/xml/other/*DataTypeXML*Test.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="remote-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-remote-data-client}" includePattern="test/xml/other/*DataTypeXML*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-xmlDataRemoteClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.xml-remote-datatype-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for Hibernate Validator client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!--
The following codegen.properties (or local.properties) values need to be set in order for this test
to execute properly:
NAMESPACE_PREFIX=gme://SDK Example Project.caCORE/1/
CADSR_CONNECTION_URL=http://cadsrapi-dev.nci.nih.gov/cadsrapi40
-->
<target name="hibernateValidatorTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/*HibernateValidator*.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.hv-client}" includePattern="**/*HibernateValidatorTest.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-hibernateValidator.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.hv-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnit for Remote Client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="readRemoteClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*Test.java" excludePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*ResourceTest.java" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="remote-client-cp-appconfig" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.remote-client}" includePattern="**/cacoresdk/**/*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-readRemoteClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.remote-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for Security client using the Thick Client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="securityThickClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/security/*SecurityTest*.java" excludePattern="**/Writable*.java" />
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/security/GridApplicationServiceProvider.java" excludePattern="" />
<if>
<equals arg1="${ENABLE_GRID_LOGIN_MODULE}" arg2="true"/>
<then>
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/security/GridApplicationServiceImpl.java" excludePattern="" />
</then>
</if>
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-thick-client}" includePattern="**/security/*SecurityTest.class" excludePattern="**/security/Writable*.class" loginConfig.location="${package.client.local.conf.dir}" junitreportfile="TEST-securityThickClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-thick-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for Security client using the Thick Client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="securityGroupThickClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/security/*SecurityGroupTest*.java" excludePattern="**/Writable*.java" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-group-thick-client}" includePattern="**/security/*SecurityGroup*Test.class" excludePattern="**/security/Writable*.class" junitreportfile="TEST-securityGroupThickClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-group-thick-client}" />
</target>
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<!-- Run JUnits for Security client using the Remote Client -->
<!-- ************************************************************************************************-->
<target name="securityRemoteClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="**/security/*SecurityTest*.java" excludePattern="**/Writable*.java" />
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="**/security/GridApplicationServiceProvider.java" excludePattern="" />
<if>
<equals arg1="${ENABLE_GRID_LOGIN_MODULE}" arg2="true"/>
<then>
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp" includePattern="**/security/GridApplicationServiceImpl.java" excludePattern="" />
</then>
</if>
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="remote-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-remote-client}" includePattern="**/security/*SecurityTest.class" excludePattern="**/security/Writable*.class" loginConfig.location="${package.client.remote.conf.dir}" junitreportfile="TEST-securityRemoteClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-remote-client}" />
</target>
<target name="securityRESTfulRemoteClientTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="remote-client-cp-appconfig" includePattern="**/security/SecurityRESTfulTest.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="remote-client-cp-appconfig" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-remote-client}" includePattern="**/security/SecurityRESTfulTest.class" excludePattern="" loginConfig.location="${package.client.remote.conf.dir}" junitreportfile="TEST-securityRestFulRemoteClient.xml"/>
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.security-remote-client}" />
</target>
<target name="builldTestAggregateReport" depends="createDir">
<delete dir="${build.report.dir}/report" />
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir}" generateReport="true" />
</target>
<target name="buildAggregateReport" depends="createDir">
<delete dir="${aggregate.report.dir}" />
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${aggregate.report.dir}" junitInputDir="${junit.report.dir}" includepattern="**/build-report/*.xml" generateReport="true"/>
<if>
<equals arg1="${cobertura.enabled}" arg2="true" />
<then>
<generate-report-cobertura cobertura.src.dir="${SDK_INSTALL_DIR}/software/target/modules/java-src" cobertura.rpt.dir="${cobertura.report.dir}" />
</then>
</if>
</target>
<target name="runHQLTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/hql/*Test.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.hql-client}" includePattern="**/hql/*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-runHQLTestThickClient.xml" />
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.thick-client}" />
</target>
<target name="systemTest" depends="createDir">
<SDKCompileJUnit compileClasspath="local-client-cp" includePattern="**/system/**/*Test.java" excludePattern="" />
<SDKRunJUnit junitClasspath="local-client-cp" junitOutputDir="${report.dir.systemtest}" includePattern="**/system/**/*Test.class" excludePattern="" junitreportfile="TEST-readSystem.xml" />
<SDKGenerateReport junitOutputDir="${report.dir.thick-client}" />
</target>
</project> | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 1,888 |
You've come to the ideal location if you're wondering whether elastic workout bands can assist you lose weight. If done in the right method, these bands whose appeal has actually been enhancing over the years are totally efficient for weight loss. You will never shed weight if you utilize them in the incorrect manner.
Flexible workout bands are extremely reliable since of the flexible resistance. Unlike most of the health club tools that depend on gravity for resistance, these bands obtain their resistance from flexible.
At the very same time, these bands likewise provide you a complete body exercise. The number of muscle groups that you can target with particular type of fitness center devices is restricted. You can't work all components of your body with a foolish bell or a bowflex. However you can with flexible workout bands. With these bands, you can conveniently do around 150 different exercises targeting each and every solitary muscle team in your body.
Apart from that, you can likewise boost the resistance levels as you go. You are not restricted to the exact same degree of resistance with these bands. If you purchase a suitable workout band system, you will certainly get deals with. You can connect several bands to the manages and increase your resistance level. With the ideal system, you can in fact get over 350 pounds of resistance when using these bands.
You can not shed weight with these bands if you comply with the conventional health club workout regimens. You'll have to blend up the exercises.
Well … you can maintain complying with the exercise for months and also still not have any kind of results to speak off. That sort of slow-moving exercises just does not function.
The only way to make flexible exercise bands work well for you is through a combination of various workouts from time to time. You need to exercise a couple of minutes with these bands, few mins of cardio and couple of minutes of straightforward body weight exercises. The even more you blend points up, the much faster you burn the fat.
These bands permit you to target different muscle groups. You can do problems with these bands at a greater level of resistance. You can do stay up, push-ups as well as numerous other exercises. With just a pair of bands, you can soften fat in your buttocks, thighs, stomach, back & arms.
Hold on … No issue exactly how hard you work with these bands, you will never lose weight unless you do ONE even more point. It holds true for all kinds of exercises. And it's your DIET.
When it comes to weight loss, the diet regimen is really essential. Ensure that you follow a WELL BALANCED Diet regimen without depriving on your own or taking any kind of pills. Workout with elastic workout bands at the very least five-six days a week as well as you will be on the course to attaining your desire body as soon as you have a balanced diet regimen regimen.
If you're katy hearn fit balance questioning whether flexible workout bands can assist you shed weight, you've come to the ideal place. Flexible exercise bands are exceptionally effective due to the fact that of the elastic resistance. You can with katy hearn age flexible workout bands. The only means to make elastic workout bands work well for you is via a combination of various exercises every now and also then. Once you have a well balanced diet regimen, exercise with flexible exercise bands at least five-six days a week and also you will certainly be on the course to achieving your katy hearn degree dream body. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,889 |
In Onitsha tradition and custom, there are four cardinal institutions; The Obi, Ndichie, Agbalanze and Otu Odu.
These four institutions work in their individual capacity to ensure progress, peace and development of Onitsha people with relevant supports from other subordinate groups. Otu Odu however is an exclusive prestigious society for Onitsha women who as either indigenes, direct relations (Nwadiani) or by marriage, have distinguished themselves in their respective capabilities in life and have been found worthy in character.
Odu literally means Elephant Tusk and in Onitsha tradition, Igbu Odu in clear terms mean wearing of Tusk, it is a rite of honouring a woman after creditable service in life. It used to be conferred as a form of appreciation on a mother by her children at a certain age, on a dutiful wife by her husband.
It is observed as a ceremonious adorning of a woman with Elephant Tusk which is won on both hands and legs. In other cases nevertheless, the ceremony is performed to be worn either on the hands or the legs respectively as a mark of status in the society.
Elephant Tusk significantly because it is rare in quality and possession, ornate and expensive. This calls for the historic importance attached to it in the whole of Africa, making it one of the most sought after ornaments even by the whites who visited Africa earlier in the days.
Till date Elephant Tusk is still precious, a symbol of wealth, regal and beauty. In most African cultures it is used to depict class and authority, especially in Onitsha.
However, at inception, it was recorded that it was very few women that took Odu in Onitsha as a mark of honour. Some that did at that earlier stage had it either as a result of conferment by their wealthy son, or took it as a mark of their outstanding wealth creation after distinguishing themselves in commerce.
Odu was then more of a private or individual affair of famous Onitsha women of character and affluence as rightly described. It used to be revered therefore because of the caliber of women involved.It developed into the only distinguished status symbol for women as very few could afford to be so initiated then and the dream of every woman unlike today that it has become an all comers affair.
Moreover, the tradition of taking Odu title did not originally start as a society that it is today; scanty therefore were the records of women who took Odu title in the past in the earlier Onitsha traditional society until Odua Ngo, J.U. Etukokwu (MFR), organized it into the prestigious institution that it has metamophorsised today.
Precisely, on March 15, 1959 all the individual Ndi Odu in Onitsha were invited together by Chief Etukowku where they were received and entertained as a group so the society was inaugurated.
However, like earlier stated there are different stages or types of Odu depending on an individual's financial capability. The complete procedure is called Odu Ukwu N'aka while it could be undertaken for either the hands alone called Odu Aka or the legs alone known as Odu Ukwu. Meanwhile there is no age barrier for initiation into Odu; the only distinction is that children below 18 years are allowed Odu aka alone.
Continuing, the elegant white uniform of Ndi Odu today was not always as it used to be, there was no particular uniform for them earlier in the days. Except for the Elephant Tusk won gracefully, an Odu title woman wears whatever she likes; white uniform was later introduced as a result of Etukokwu's innovation to represent purity as Odu is seen to typify.
The initiation procedure starts with a formal declaration of intent by an initiate. This step enables the executives of Ndi Otu Odu to set up a fact finding process to ascertain the eligibility of the would-be Onye Odu (Initiate). It involves enquiries into the character, personality and the integrity of the person.
When this is satisfactorily done, an intermediary who is a member of Odu Society, who knows the initiate so well to introduce her to the society, is appointed as a mediator and the process continues.
At the inception of the society there were male co-ordinators who helped managed their affairs as it was customary in the past that men should be seen to be involved in the administration of basic societal activities as heads, the first to occupy such responsibility was Odua Ngo J.U. Etukowku, later was Chief Nkpuluma.
Constitutionally, Otu Odu must be presided by an Onitsha indigene married in Onitsha.
Saving the few wild tigers left in the world: A talking point for Obama and Xi? | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,890 |
Cuatro y Medio: wins for Irujo and Xala make dream semi-final line up complete
Sunday 23rd October, Eibar
MARTINEZ DE IRUJO beat BENGOETXEA VI 22-17
Juan Martinez de Irujo admitted himself that he had no idea how he beat Oinatz Bengoetxea on Sunday. Bengoetxea was up 12-5 and had the defending champion well and truly on the ropes and 'out of options'. Even having let his opponent back into the game at 12-10, Bengoetxea marched on with ease, playing with pace and verve, to 16-11. Having once again opened a telling gap, it seemed as if Irujo was dead in the water. However, Irujo is the king of the improbable comeback, as he showed in the final last year when Barriola opened up a sizeable gap upon him but went on to lose. Playing with his chosen balls he made his serve count, using it to win six points outright. He moved ahead for the first time in the game at 17-16 and by this time, Bengoetxea was a different opponent, demoralised and unable to break the relentless streak of his rival.
Scoring sequence: 0-3, 6-3, 6-4, 7-4, 7-5, 12-5, 12-10, 13-10, 13-11, 16-11, 16-17, 17-17, 17-22.
Bengoetxea VI: winners (8) errors (7) service winners (2) service errors (0), 4 ½ line faults (0)
Martinez de Irujo: winners (9) errors (5) service winners (6) service errors (1), 4 ½ line faults (1)
Match time: 42:56, with 9:46 of actual play
Botilleros: Asier García with Bengoetxea VI and Patxi Eugi with Irujo
Irujo came from behind to qualify
Sunday 23rd October, Longroño
XALA beat TITIN III 22-17
Titin had home advantage for this quarter final tie and the Riojan fans did everything they could to lift their hero. Well aware of the fact that this may be his last chance for Cuatro y Medio glory, his retirement possibly encroaching, the home favourite went at Xala hammer and tongs and put him seriously on the back foot. Falling to a 0-6 deficit, Xala appeared nervous and the crowds sensed blood. The Manomanista champion picked up points in ones and twos, moving from 1-7 to 5-7 and 6-10, but from 7-11 he found his feet in style, picking up seven points in a row to lead 14-11 and undo all of Titin's early supremacy. Titin scrapped to stay in touch, but in reality no longer looked like a winner, his demeanour radically altered. Xala moved serenely towards the last four, wasting little time in closing the deal after establishing a five point lead at 20-15.
With Xala's victory, the semi-final line up is complete and is in the eyes of most the dream quartet. Martinez de Irujo and Olaizola II kick off proceedings in Bilbao on Saturday, before Xala and Barriola meet on Sunday in Eibar in an effort to deal the opening blows of the elite round-robin stage.
Scoring sequence: 0-6, 1-6, 1-7, 5-7, 5-9, 6-10, 7-11, 14-11, 14-13, 16-13, 16-15, 20-15, 20-16, 21-16, 21-17, 22-17.
Xala: winners (9) errors (8) service winners (1) service errors (0) 4 ½ line faults (0)
Titin III: winners (8) errors (10) service winners (2) service errors (0) 4 ½ line faults (1)
Match time: 75:00
Balls hit: 391
Botilleros: Aitor Zubieta with Xala and Joaquín Plaza with Titín
Xala saw off the threat of Titin
The semi-final line up is also now complete in the Promocion Championship. On Friday in Beasain Mendizabal III thrashed Rico IV 22-6, In Pamplona on Saturday Ongay beat Tainta 22-16, in Logroño on Sunday Albisu triumphed 22-15 over Apezetxea while Lemuno beat Olazabal 22-12 in Eibar. The first semi-final is on Saturday in Balmaseda where Lemuno takes on Albisu. On Tuesday, Mendizabal III plays Ongay in Eibar.
Images from: Noticias de Navarra and Argia. Source: Diario Vasco
This entry was posted in Cuatro y Medio Championship and tagged 4 1/2, Adarraga, Astelena, Bengoetxea VI, Cuatro y Medio, Eibar, Logrono, Martinez de Irujo, Titin III, Xala on 26 October, 2011 by Mikel Ezkerro.
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3 thoughts on "Cuatro y Medio: wins for Irujo and Xala make dream semi-final line up complete"
Urbs 26 October, 2011 at 18:05
This will not be Titin's last chance for Cuatro y Medio. It can't be.
He will sign for another ten years.
Tiffany Post author 27 October, 2011 at 17:01
@Urbs Hee 😉 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,891 |
When we issued NY G84697 dated December 12, 2000, we classified the autosampler platform for the AMI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer under 9027.90.5430, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. Subsequently you brought to our attention that the description of the ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer was incorrect. In response, we issued NY Ruling G86132 dated January 26, 2001 on the ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer classifying it under 9027.50.4015, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. This necessitates a change in the statistical suffix which applies to the autosampler platform. The statistical suffix that is applicable to the autosampler platform for the ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer is 9027.90.5450, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,892 |
Super-sized memories for Patriots
Glen Farley/GateHouse News Service
They were pint-sized Patriots forming Super-sized memories.
Patriots safety James Ihedigbo has a playbook full of them from his youth.
"You grow up and you watch the Super Bowl and that opening kickoff and all the lights are flashing and you're just, like, 'Wow! The world's watching this game,' " said Ihedigbo. "So to be on the other end of that now and a part of it now, it's truly a blessing and I'm just going to enjoy it and make sure I'm prepared to play my best game."
The game is the stuff of which childhood dreams are made.
"You always dream of making the big play in the big game as a youngster — and that was (in) the Super Bowl," Patriots special teams captain Matthew Slater said. "That's the ultimate stage. That's the highest level. To be able to realize that dream, it's unbelievable. It's really a blessing and I know we're all excited about it."
The excitement in Foxboro kicks up a notch today as the Patriots are feted with a "Super sendoff" from Gillette Stadium that will send the team buses off to their charter flight to Indianapolis International Airport.
With that, Super Bowl week will officially begin, and next Sunday night's 6:29 p.m. kickoff against the New York Giants at Lucas Oil Stadium will be that much closer at hand.
"Each day is going to bring a little more excitement," Patriots cornerback Nate Jones said. "Your heart starts beating a little bit (faster). It gets a little harder to sleep at night. But I think that's natural. I think everybody goes through that so that's part of the process."
Being red-blooded American boys growing up, Super-sized dreams were part of the maturation process for Patriots players.
"I think every kid (dreams of playing in the Super Bowl)," said Jones, "but the chances of making it this far are miniscule. You dream about it, you pretend it when you're a kid. Just to be here is a blessing."
BenJarvus Green-Ellis took his dreams and ran with them.
"When I was a kid, I just wanted to go out and just play," the running back said. "I'd see the guys on TV (and) I always felt that I can do it, too. So that's when I would just go out in the backyard, the front yard, wherever I could play. Get a ball and go."
Which is precisely what linebacker Rob Ninkovich's childhood idol did in running off with the MVP award in Dallas' 30-13 win over Buffalo in Super Bowl XXVIII.
"When I was a kid I was a pretty big Cowboys fan," said Ninkovich, who grew up in Illinois. "I was a huge Emmitt Smith fan when I was a kid and watching them win those Super Bowls was pretty cool, so I would say that the Cowboys in the '90s was pretty awesome."
Slater's fondest memory revolves around another run, one that became to be known as "The Helicopter."
"The game with Green Bay in San Diego, (Denver quarterback) John Elway's first Super Bowl, the play where he dove and kind of got helicoptered," Slater said, referring to the Broncos' 31-24 victory over the Packers in Super Bowl XXXII. "I was a John Elway fan so I remember that game as a kid, watching that game and many other games growing up.
Jones recalls watching his favorite player, one whose eight career touchdowns and 48 career points are all-time Super Bowl records.
"Jerry Rice was my favorite player," Jones said of the wide receiver, who grabbed the MVP award following San Francisco's 20-16 win over Cincinnati in Super Bowl XXIII, "so watching him on the 49ers just do what he (did)."
Owner of three Super Bowl rings, at the age of 35, Patriots running back Kevin Faulk hopes the best is yet to come.
"Let's wait until next week," the 13-year veteran answered when asked for his favorite Super Bowl memory, "then I'll answer that for you after that."
(Glen Farley writes for trhe Brockton Enterprise of GateHouse News Service.) | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,893 |
Windows 7 is a powerful operating system with almost all the necessary features one needs for everyday computing. However, not all of these features are available at our fingertips. Most of the settings are scattered across the operating system and often one has to undergo many steps to access them if he is not acquainted with shortcuts and other methods of faster access.
As we at Guiding Tech always insist on getting your work done in a more easier and user-friendly way, today we will see as to how to get hold of some important features quickly through the Windows Mobility Center and hence save you time and effort.
Windows Mobility Center came to life with Windows Vista and got better with time. You can consider it as a remote control for Windows which can be used to access all the commonly used Windows settings like changing the power plan, adjusting the volume or screen brightness etc, all from one place.
To access Windows Mobility Center you must have portable computer of some kind like laptop or tablet (hence the word 'mobility'). If you are working on a desktop PC, you might not find it.
To open Windows Mobility Center open control panel and click Windows Mobility Center. It's very likely to be the second last icon, just before Windows Update.
You can also search for it using the start menu but seriously why undergo all this trouble.. just press Windows key along with X (Win+X).
Windows Mobility Center will look somewhat like the what you see in the screenshot below.
It will be a window comprising of small boxes (also called tiles) meant to perform different tasks. There are eight different modules in the Mobility Center but the scope of their visibility depends upon your computer's hardware.
Here are the eight modules I was talking about.
This tile can be used to control the brightness of your laptop screen using a convenient slider. It can be used when you frequently work from different places under different lighting conditions.
It's just a clone of the volume control bar in the system tray, but its functionalities are limited. One cannot control volume of individual applications from the Mobility Center as one can do from the taskbar.
This tile shows you the amount of juice in your laptop. You can also change your Windows power plan using the dropdown menu.
It just toggles your wireless adapter on or off. It does not have the feature to scan and connect to a network.
Using screen orientation you can toggle between landscape and portrait view. This feature can be highly useful if you are working on Windows hand held tablets.
Used to quickly extend your display to externally connected monitors or projectors.
This tile is dedicated to Sync Center. You can view the status of in-progress file sync, start a new sync or set up a sync partnership easily.
This tile only appears in Windows 7 Professional, Ultimate, and Enterprise editions. It is meant to be used when you need to connect a projector to your laptop. It just toggles it on or off. Once powered on one can configure the settings using the taskbar (It's represented by small projector icon).
If a setting doesn't appear in a tile, it might be because the required hardware (such as a wireless network adapter) or drivers are missing. For example, if the Turn wireless on button is unavailable, you might need to use the hardware switch on your computer to turn on the wireless adapter. In my case it was the screen orientation. Also, if you see some extra tiles in the Mobility Center, chances are they were added by your PC manufacturer.
So, do you think the Windows Mobility Center will help you often? Which one of those settings you are likely to use the most? | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,894 |
It's been a while since my last post, mainly as I haven't had much to show you all. I have almost finished painting the 40 Lesser Fimir I have been doing for what feels like forever, but showing you them with their tongues painted and then another picture with their teeth painted, wouldn't really be that exciting as the pictures would look almost the same.
The first game of 40k I played was 1500 points, but for my second, we upped it to 2000. I used my Dark Eldar again, and added two five man units of Scourges and a Voidraven Bomber to my previous army.
This game was against Crimson Fist Space Marines, aided by some Deathwatch and a Knight. I thought adding such a big piece to the game might ruin it, but I was wrong. Although the Knight had some bad dice rolls, it wasn't the over powered unit that I thought it might, and I even managed to get it down to 8 wounds before we ran out of time.
I'm loving the speed of the Dark Eldar, I managed to sweep right round the back of the Imperial forces, eventually dropping the Incubi out of the Venom's, who charged in to the Knight and some Scouts. The Incubi murdered the Scouts in one round of combat and the Incubi managed to put a lot of damage in to the Knight.
The Flyers were good fun to play with too. Although they are easier to hit with shooting than they were in the previous edition, but are a lot easier to play with, as there is less rules hunting mid game. Both my flyers caused a lot of damage, with the Razorwing eventually being destroyed.
I took on an Imperial Guard army with quite a lot of tanks, which was a little scary when setting up. Would the Tyranids be able to make into combat before being shot to pieces.
Below is my set up. I would have to run like the wind across the battlefield to be able to get those pesky Imperial troopers into combat and hopefully wipe them out.
Below is my first move. Everything ran as fast as it could, including the Hive Tyrant who flew into charge range of some Ogryns, and then successfully hit them in combat, killing three. With some better rolls I could have taken out a few more.
In their first turn the Imperial Guard fired their entire army at my Hive Tyrant, with the last shot by the Ratlings finally taking it out. At last the Tyranid big beasties were performing like you would expect them too. The same could be said for the Carnifexes who managed to take most of the Imperial fire power before finally being destroyed.
After a few failed charges, including the use of re rolls, I managed to get in to combat and tore the Guardsmen apart. Some clever use of charging troops and then consolidating into the tanks made sure that I limited the amount of firepower I would receive in the next turn; this is definitely a tactic that could really help close combat armies in the future.
So I've now played 3 games of the new 40k, and even though I haven't managed to win any of them, I have enjoyed every game. The rules make the game flow so much better than before, and after a turn or two, I have managed to reduce the amount of time I spend looking at unit rules. This week the Tyranids will be hitting the table again, against either Tau or Orks, and hopefully if I can get them built in time, the Genestealers will be on the table.
So until next time, where I will let you know how I got on, and maybe show you some finished Lesser Fimir too. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,895 |
12 March 2015, at 9:33a.m.
US - Americans value the nutrition and balance that meat and poultry products deliver in the diet according to the new research recently released by the North American Meat Institute (NAMI) and Food Marketing Institute (FMI).
The tenth annual Power of Meat report looks at meat and poultry trends through the shopper's eyes and examined health and wellness trends for the first time. It found that 79 per cent of shoppers put some or a lot of effort into making sure they make nutritious and balanced meat and poultry choices.
However, perceptions of nutrition are a bit different for meat vs. poultry products. For meat products, including beef, pork and lamb, nutrition benefits are most associated with nutrients, such as iron and protein, followed by their role in a balanced diet and providing energy.
Consumers value poultry products, such as chicken or turkey, for the balance they provide in the diet, followed by the nutrients they offer and their contributions to maintaining a healthy weight.
"Whether it's protein for developing, maintaining and repairing muscles, Vitamin B12 for normal metabolism and mental clarity or iron for its variety of roles in the body, meat and poultry are a key part of a balanced diet," said Barry Carpenter, President and CEO of the North American Meat Institute.
Overall, price and convenience still rank above nutrition for shoppers when buying meat and poultry, and price is seen as the greatest challenge to making nutritious and healthful meat and poultry choices, cited by 75 per cent of shoppers, but many do have strategies in place relative to health.
Five in ten shoppers say their strategy is choosing leaner cuts with some regularity, and four in ten frequently limit portions and second helpings.
The Power of Meat study also looked at Millennial attitudes toward the nutrition benefits of meat and poultry products, finding the group is most likely to seek out protein in foods, associating meat and poultry consumption with nutrients, energy and building physical strength, but challenged by how to prepare some of the cuts/kinds they deem to be more healthful.
The Power of Meat study was conducted by 210 Analytics, LLC, sponsored by The Cryovac Brand, a part of Sealed Air's Food Care Division, and was unveiled at the FMI/NAMI Annual Meat Conference.
The top ten findings are available here. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,896 |
Milke: If Notley wants to win on Trans Mountain, she should undermine B.C.'s NDP
Mark Milke, for the Calgary Herald
Mark Milke Calgary
To change an opponent's mind, you can appeal to their sympathy for you or your cause, use reason, or if those two fail, threaten their interests.
This latter tack is the one now employed by Premier Rachel Notley regarding the British Columbia government, when she ordered the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission to disallow further imports of B.C. wine into Alberta.
The AGLC must approve all alcohol imports into privately owned warehouses in the province; B.C.'s wine shipments to Alberta are worth $70 million annually. Notley's top-down boycott came in response to the B.C. government's continual opposition to twinning the Trans Mountain pipeline.
The Alberta premier could recite any number of facts to her NDP counterparts in British Columbia: The Kinder Morgan pipeline has been around in some form since 1953; oil transportation by pipeline is safer than alternatives such as rail cars; shipping of tanker oil occurs daily worldwide; while a risk of an oil spill exists, it is nonetheless statistically remote.
But sweet reason matters little to the B.C. NDP government, catering as it is to a minority of British Columbians and also to the Green party, which props up the NDP in the legislature.
Which brings us to Notley's wine boycott: To persuade the B.C. NDP government to change its collective mind on Trans Mountain, the Alberta premier must threaten the B.C. government's political interests, i.e., its desire to stay in power and be re-elected.
Here's the current legislative seat count in British Columbia: NDP (41), B.C. Liberals (41), Greens (3) with one independent and one vacant.
The B.C. Liberals are expected to regain that vacant seat in a Feb. 14 byelection in Kelowna West, smack dab in B.C. wine country, and formerly represented by Christy Clark, the ex- B.C. Liberal leader and former premier.
I was born and raised in Kelowna and know something of its politics. Since 1952, Kelowna has served up three premiers: W.A.C. Bennett, Bill Bennett and Christy Clark. They collectively served in office for 35 of those 66 years. All came from free enterprise coalition parties (Social Credit and then B.C. Liberal).
Most Kelowna voters routinely reject the NDP and the feeling is mutual. Such political realities mean there is zero chance, beyond public professions, that British Columbia's current government will care about complaints from the wine industry, centred in the Okanagan.
If anything, the Notley boycott might drive some enterprise-friendly and pipeline-supporting British Columbians to oppose the Trans Mountain expansion and/or vote NDP on Valentine's Day in Kelowna West, just to protest the Alberta government's wine boycott.
If Notley really wants to hurt the B.C. NDP government, she must instead attack its soft underbelly, its weak position in the legislature. The Alberta premier could publicly appeal to resource-employed, blue-collar British Columbians to rip up their NDP membership cards, should they possess one.
Or, Notley could appear with a prominent B.C. Liberal, such as pro-pipeline Skeena MLA Ellis Ross. Ross is the opposition critic for natural gas and petroleum resources. He is a former chief councillor for the Haisla Nation. Imagine Notley beside Ellis, endorsing him as just the type of pro-enterprise MLA British Columbians should support.
Would this get the B.C. government's attention? The B.C. NDP won two ridings in the last election by just 325 and 189 votes respectively. One was more blue-collar (Maple Ridge-Mission) and the other (Courtenay-Comox) full of retired folks who normally vote B.C. Liberal.
Another five ridings were won by less than 2,000 votes with similar demographics. In British Columbia, it doesn't take much for the NDP to lose an election.
Would Notley engage in such high-profile vote gutting of her NDP brothers and sisters? It depends on what she values more: her party connections, or Albertans and pro-pipeline British Columbians.
Mark Milke is author of Barbarians in the Garden City: The BC NDP in Power.
Graff-McRae: Some modes of elder care delivery are more equal than... Chaffin: Police welcome discussion, but not wild accusations
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Click here to send your letter to the Editor.
Who we are: The Calgary Herald Editorial Board
Who we are: Meet the Calgary Herald Editorial Board
Opinion: While my husband lay sleeping, I wept with grief and love
Last Saturday morning, after taking the dog out for his morning business, I carried my coffee and the Calgary Herald back to bed.
Brookman: Do we really want to encourage disrespect for trusted institutions?
Varcoe: Three oil pipeline projects inch toward goal-line for Canada
On Canada's pipeline playing field, there have been more head fakes and false starts than at a weekend flag football game.
Braid: Ambrose remains an ideal candidate for Conservative leadership
There is no earthly reason the next leader could not be another westerner. In fact, there are plenty of good reasons why he (or much better, she) should be from the West.
Shots fired! Zack Kassian is due for retribution and will have to fight Milan Lucic, ...
This in from commentator Eric Francis of Sportsnet Calgary on Twitter, his notion that it was Zack Kassian who actually broke The Code — the rules of engagement for NHL tough guys — and that Matt Tkachuk of the Flames was the wronged party who must be avenged: "If anyone owes anyone a fight, it's Kassian with Lucic.
Opinion: Emotional intelligence is Trudeau's best skill, and it's paying dividends
Nelson: Indulge yourself and save our planet from hypocrisy
Martin Luther wouldn't have been a big fan of carbon-offset payments. No, we're not talking about the famous black civil rights icon, whose birth date was Jan.
Varcoe: Carr listens to fears of West, as Encana approves move to Denver
On the same bitterly cold morning that shareholders in one of the country's largest petroleum producers officially voted to shift its headquarters to the United States, the prime minister's special representative for the Prairies . | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,897 |
{% extends "layout_lr.html" %}
{% block page_title %}
Local land charges
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<main id="content" role="main">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="column-two-thirds">
<h1 class="heading-large">Register a local land charge </h1>
<h2 class="heading-medium">s8 Land compensation charge stuff </h2>
<form>
<fieldset class="inline">
<legend class="visuallyhidden">s8 Land compensation charge stuff</legend>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="form-label" for="capacity">
Retained land description
</label>
<input class="form-control" id="capacity" type="text">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="form-label" for="compensation">
Works particulars
</label>
<input class="form-control" id="compensation" type="text">
</div>
</fieldset>
<a class="button" href="/llc-01/create-7" role="button">Continue</a>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</main>
{% endblock %}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 1,898 |
Het Verdrag van Amsterdam is een verdrag van de Europese Unie. Het werd getekend op 2 oktober 1997 en trad in werking op 1 mei 1999.
Het verdrag omvat onder andere:
Eenvoudiger besluitvorming binnen de Unie door meer gebruik te maken van het stemmen met gekwalificeerde meerderheid;
Het werkte het Gemeenschappelijk Buitenlands en Veiligheidsbeleid verder uit, onder andere door de Unie een Hoge Autoriteit voor het Gemeenschappelijk Buitenlands en Veiligheidbeleid (tweede pijler) te geven, die tevens de functie van Secretaris-Generaal van de Raad van de Europese Unie kreeg;
Het bracht sommige bevoegdheden van de derde pijler naar de eerste (waardoor er op het gebied van onder andere immigratie- en asielbeleid meer supranationaal beslist kon worden); hierdoor verloren natiestaten hun soevereiniteit.
Het bracht de Schengenakkoorden onder in de EU-verdragen;
Het amendeerde en hernummerde het EG-verdrag en het EU-verdrag. De artikelen van het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie, die de letters A tot en met S hadden gekregen, kregen een numerieke volgorde. Bij dit verdrag waren geconsolideerde versies van het EG-verdrag en het EU-verdrag - de complete verdragen bijgewerkt met de wijzigingen daarop door de nakomende verdragen - bijgevoegd.
Handtekeningen
Evolutie van de Europese Unie
Externe link
; Nederlands: Het verdrag van Amsterdam: gebruiksaanwijzing.
Redactie van NRC Handelsblad: Europese Top in Amsterdam: verzameling artikels uit 1997 over de top van Amsterdam en het verdrag.
Amsterdam
Geschiedenis van Amsterdam
1997
Amsterdam | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 1,899 |
Heavyweight baselayer bottoms with optimized fabric zones for active performance, the 260 Zone Leggings are Icebreaker's most technical cold-weather leggings. These warm, breathable and odor-resistant bottoms features BodyfitZONE™ construction, which combines a merino wool and LYCRA® blend with strategically zoned panels of highly breathable eyelet merino mesh that actively controls temperature during high-output pursuits. In the higher-wear areas around the knees Icebreaker added a merino and polyester waffle jersey for added abrasion resistance. A gusseted construction allows for unrestricted range of motion, and the brushed elastic waistband and flatlock seams eliminate chafing during fast-paced days.
• Inseam: Large = 75.1cm / 29½" | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,900 |
Q: Problems with table when using multicolumn and nested tabular I have two problems with a table as highlighted in red in the figure below.
*
*First, on the left, the multirow cell containing the text "Number" is not aligned at the center of the cell. I believe this happens because I have used a tabular inside the cell containing the "Very long category name distributed on two rows"; I did this because I need this text to be on two rows and I do not know another way to do that.
*The cell containing "Category" is obtained using multirow but as you can see on the right, there is no vertical bar. I have no idea why this happens.
Anyone knows how I can fix this? Here is my code with a MWE:
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Number} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Category} \\ \cline{2-5}
& \begin{tabular}{c} Very long category name \\ distributed on two rows \end{tabular} & cat.\ A & cat.\ B & \begin{tabular}{c} Another very long name \\ on two rows \end{tabular}\\
\hline
abc & def & ghi & jkl & mno\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\end{document}
A: You can also draw that table with {NiceTabular} of nicematrix with two advantages:
*
*Instead of \multirow, you have a command \Block; with that command (which may be used to merge cells vertically but also horizontally), you have to specify the number of rows (and the number of columns) whereas, with \multirow, you have to specify the number of physical lines (which requires sometimes tuning as in your case).
*In {NiceTabular}, you have a key hvlines which draws all the rules, excepted in the blocks.
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\begin{NiceTabular}{ccccc}[hvlines]
\Block{2-1}{Number} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Category} \\
& \begin{tabular}{c} Very long category name \\ distributed on two rows \end{tabular}
& cat.\ A & cat.\ B & \begin{tabular}{c} Another very long name \\ on two rows \end{tabular}\\
abc & def & ghi & jkl & mno\\
\end{NiceTabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\end{document}
However, you need several compilations since nicematrix uses PGF/Tikz nodes.
A:
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{3.5}{*}{Number} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{Category} \\ \cline{2-5}
& \begin{tabular}{c} Very long category name \\ distributed on two rows \end{tabular} & cat.\ A & cat.\ B & \begin{tabular}{c} Another very long name \\ on two rows \end{tabular}\\
\hline
abc & def & ghi & jkl & mno\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\end{document}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 1,901 |
5 Honest Truths About Starting A Business
When it comes to starting your own business, don't be generic.
After graduating from college, I'd wake up at six in the morning with one question in mind: Should I go all-in and focus exclusively on entrepreneurship — consequences be damned? Or look for a full-time job that gave me a sense of stability (and allowed me to make rent).
Let me rewind a bit. Back in 1999, while still studying computer science, I came up with my very first software product idea, a free open source membership program for a student website. Needless to say, I was beyond thrilled when this turned out to be an unexpected success.
After receiving positive feedback from users, I decided to release a paid version that soon became lucrative. Just like that, I was an entrepreneur in the making.
Friends insisted I follow my dream after graduating and jump in with both feet (a tempting choice for a twenty-something-year-old).
But after all of the back and forth, I ended up deciding against the most seductive choice and listened to my gut instead.
Overnight success stories are overrated
This is not the story you were probably expecting. In the tech industry, you've likely read about fearless dreamers who launched their startups against all odds: Those who opted for building businesses from scratch rather than pursue the security of a nine to five job.
I get the allure of these stories. Overnight success isn't impossible. But this narrative can be misleading when it makes people believe they should start a business before they're ready.
I'm a fairly risk-averse person. Meaning, I think moderation is king when it comes to most things. So, what did I end up doing all those years ago? (It's not as exciting as all those founders who went straight to the top of TechCrunch after graduating).
I found a full-time job as a programmer for a New York media company.
But here's the thing: I didn't give up on my dream. Instead, I used my day job to fuel my passion and learned valuable lessons about business and managing teams in the process. Five years later, I felt more prepared and confident to quit my job and to start my own company, JotForm.
Of course, during that time, I had the privilege of finding a job in the first place. Because of the current crisis, many of us are re-examining different aspects of our lives.
You may be questioning whether you should turn your skills into a business, or maybe you are one of the tens of millions of Americans who have lost their jobs due to the coronavirus recession and were forced to make this decision.
While new opportunities are always exciting, whatever your situation — more than anything, I'd like to advocate for following a grounded approach.
Some real talk about entrepreneurship
In her fascinating article for Harvard Business Review, author Emily Heyward points out that there are a few things to consider before taking that blind leap with your business idea.
"As a founder who works alongside many other founders, I've seen firsthand what leads to success, as well as what can go wrong," Heyward writes. "It's also never been more competitive. The barriers to entry for starting a new business keep getting lower, as technology becomes more accessible and user friendly."
This is in no way to discourage you from trying. While Heyward describes the excitement of starting a new venture, she also offers a few guiding principles aspiring entrepreneurs should take to heart.
"However you come to your idea, you should feel like you have no choice but to start this particular business at this moment in time," she says. In other words, a genuine connection to your idea is key to success.
I couldn't agree more. As CEO of JotForm, I'd love to share the expert-backed tips and lessons I've learned over the years while bootstrapping my company to over seven million users.
Surround yourself with trusted mentors and colleagues
Unlike other entrepreneurs, I ended up deciding against having a co-founder to build my business with. However, this doesn't mean I didn't rely on incredibly smart people to help me along the way.
Before you dive headfirst into your idea, make sure you're surrounding yourself with the right people like mentors and colleagues who are a few steps ahead of where you want to be.
Writing for Entrepreneur, Sheila Eugenio argues that in hard times, having a mentor can help us keep our head high: "The valuable connections, timely advice, occasional checks — together with the spiritual and moral guidance you will gain from having a mentor — will literally leapfrog you to success."
Focus on value over the competition
JotForm is bootstrapped, and we've never taken a dime from outside investments. Which is to say, we're not necessarily the "cool kids" of the startup world.
Here's my point: There are always going to be competitors more popular than you. Hitting the front page of TechCrunch or playing the comparison game will get you nowhere.
So, what does move the needle forward?
Focus on building value for your customers instead of chasing trends. As Heyward puts it: "It's not about who's first, it's about who does it best, and best these days is the business that delivers the most value to the consumer."
Keep asking yourself: How can I make the best product possible? How can I keep improving my services?
The bottom line: We reached over seven million users because we chose to listen instead of compare.
Do it with passion or not at all
While there's no way to know how long this recession will last, considering your role as a founder from the very beginning will go a long way in ensuring where your business ends up.
"People care deeply about who's behind the companies they're purchasing from," Heyward notes. "It's hard to feel a personal connection to a nameless, faceless corporation, and far more rewarding to support brands that are built by individuals with a compelling story."
Whatever you do, don't be generic. Be willing to communicate with your consumers, share your purpose with them, and what's driving your efforts. Developing an authentic voice and relationship with the people buying your products doesn't just help you gain traction, it gives your work more meaning.
Perhaps Heyward put it best: "Recognize that the very long, exhilarating, terrifying, exhausting, but oh-so-rewarding journey ahead of you only begins when you fully commit to your vision and take control of your outcome."
How to Find the Right Idea for Your Side Hustle
No Money to Start? No Problem. Try These 5 Options to Fund Your Business.
Facebook Wants to Pay You Money to Deactivate Your Account | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,902 |
<?php
namespace WellCommerce\Bundle\CatalogBundle\Controller\Box;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use WellCommerce\Bundle\CoreBundle\Controller\Box\AbstractBoxController;
use WellCommerce\Component\DataSet\Conditions\Condition\Eq;
use WellCommerce\Component\DataSet\Conditions\ConditionsCollection;
use WellCommerce\Component\Layout\Collection\LayoutBoxSettingsCollection;
/**
* Class ProducerProductsBoxController
*
* @author Adam Piotrowski <[email protected]>
*/
class ProducerProductsBoxController extends AbstractBoxController
{
public function indexAction(LayoutBoxSettingsCollection $boxSettings): Response
{
$dataset = $this->get('product.dataset.front');
$requestHelper = $this->getRequestHelper();
$limit = $requestHelper->getAttributesBagParam('limit', $boxSettings->getParam('per_page', 12));
$conditions = $this->getCurrentProducerConditions();
$conditions = $this->get('layered_navigation.helper')->addLayeredNavigationConditions($conditions);
$products = $dataset->getResult('array', [
'limit' => $limit,
'page' => $requestHelper->getAttributesBagParam('page', 1),
'order_by' => $requestHelper->getAttributesBagParam('orderBy', 'hierarchy'),
'order_dir' => $requestHelper->getAttributesBagParam('orderDir', 'asc'),
'conditions' => $conditions,
]);
return $this->displayTemplate('index', [
'dataset' => $products,
'boxSettings' => $boxSettings,
]);
}
protected function getCurrentProducerConditions(): ConditionsCollection
{
$conditions = new ConditionsCollection();
$conditions->add(new Eq('producerId', $this->getProducerStorage()->getCurrentProducerIdentifier()));
return $conditions;
}
}
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 1,903 |
Klezmer Juice performs vibrant Yiddish soul imbued with musical influences from around the world. Representing a new generation of Jewish soul musicians, the group sees themselves as torchbearers of an ancient traditional craft that unites generations in spirit, all while offering fresh interpretations of traditional tunes. Notably, Klezmer Juice can be seen performing in the Owen Wilson and Vince Vaughn comedy Wedding Crashers. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,904 |
Home News Film News Superstar To Reduce Remuneration?
South Indian Superstar Rajnikanth had to face continuous underwhelming grossers right from the start of this decade. Kaala, Kabali ended up disasters but did make good numbers.2.0 did collect big but it did not make profits for distributors and Petta fell short in Tamil Nadu, due to Thala Ajith's Viswasam, which became a big blockbuster.
Still, as the movie showed Vintage Rajni again, movie became a successful grosser but the distributor share in comparison to Viswasam is said to be less.Fans of both actors on social media and even the BO trackers, fighting about the collections. Rajni never had to see such a state after Baasha as Kamal took a different direction in filmmaking and Rajni increased his fame to newer heights.
As he wants to see that his next film will be a hit and profit gainer at the box office, he decided to reduce his remuneration and help, the producers, Lyca Productions to control the budget, it seems.Murgadoss will be directing Rajni and the movie is said to be a political drama, with a title, Narakkali! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,905 |
Français Intranet Newsletter Facebook Practical information Hall rental
The Conservatoire
Finding resources
CeBeDeM collection
Jules de Glimes collection (1814-1881)
Laurent Halleux Collection (1897-1964)
Jean-Lucien Hollenfeltz Collection (1898-1944)
Joseph Jongen Collection (1873-1953)
Edmond Michotte Collection (1831-1914)
Constantin Piron Collection
Marcel Quinet Collection (1915-1986)
Sainte-Gudule Collection
Guido Richard Wagener Collection (1822-1896)
Général Wauwermans Collection (Malibran)
Jozef Wieniawski Collection (1837-1912)
Johann Jacob Heinrich Westphal Collection (1756-1825)
Jules de Glimes, a composer, singer, singing teacher and collector, aquired a beautiful music libary, comprising a large number of manuscripts of works by famous composers, inlcuding some hand-written ones, and numerous theoretical and historical works. His speciality was Italian vocal music from the 18th century (Galuppi, Traetta, Pacini, …). Fétis bought several hundred scores from this collection, and part of this collection came to the Conservatoire as a bequest.
Jules de Glimes trained with Charles-Louis Hanssens, followed by training in composition with François-Joseph Fétis. He was extremely talented, and was soon appointed accompanist to Fétis' class. From 1837-1838, he was hired as a temporary replacement for the singing teacher at the Conservatoire, and in 1839 he became an adjunct professor of singing. But he left this job in 1840 to spend more time composing, while also giving private lessons in singing and accompaniment. He also taught singing to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg, future husband of Queen Victoria, while the prince was staying in Brussels. In 1842, de Glimes left Brussels for London where he worked as a singing teacher in aristocratic families. After spending some time where he alternated between spending part of the year in Brussels and the other part in London, he eventually settled permanently in Brussels. De Glimes was a distinguished teacher, excellent acompanist and also a composer (romances, songs). Fétis said of these compositions that they showed "fine taste in ideas and in form, distinguished use of harmony and expression of the text". His works were published in Paris and Brussels. De Glimes also composed (and had performed) symphonic music, a ballet, and vocal music for three or four a capella voices.
Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles Rue de la Régence 30, 1000 Brussels BELGIUM 0032 (0)2 511 04 27 [email protected] Links Press Sitemap | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,906 |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<title>API SITNA - Cómo empezar a usarla</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="//sitna.tracasa.es/api/"></script>
<div id="mapa"></div>
<script>
var map = new SITNA.Map("mapa");
</script>
</body>
</html> | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 1,907 |
There are people who just like the convenience of their neighborhood Dwelling Depot. They had been based nearly 70 years ago in a small town in North Carolina, and so they've always been my go-to house improvement retailer for quality home equipment, paint, patio furniture, tools, flooring, hardware and extra. OBSERVE: While Lowe's Dwelling Improvement has been accepting manufacturer coupons since 2010, I nonetheless run into cashiers who do not know the right way to scan coupons or that the truth is they're accepted there.
Lowes coupons policy also does not settle for coupons from the competitors for particular objects. Reddit frugal customers have posted online that the coupons might differ by packet, even from the identical post workplace. The house improvement large is launching a digital actuality expertise in one of its stores to give prospects hands-on apply with a house improvement challenge.
Get extra done in your subsequent DIY or dwelling improvement challenge with the totally redesigned Lowe's app – your best procuring companion. The policy also doesn't recognise free product coupons which might be printed from the internet. You can even avail an unsecured home improvement mortgage, which has no safety hooked up to it but is with a high price of curiosity.
So, again on the telephone with Victoria I go and after some research she saw the place the order had been cancelled prior to delivery and that the Bossier store needed to do the credit score and at that time nobody at Bossier knew learn how to process a refund on your Lowe's card so it must wait till Shonda came to work at Shreveport to speak the Bossier manager through it.
A Low Rate Residence Improvement Mortgage is also obtainable if you have an excellent credit historical past and with this you'll be able to more convey expression to your ideally suited residence because you save extra since it's a must to pay a lower price of interest. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,908 |
New Jersey has quite a rich history when it comes to fossils. The Hadrosaurus was discovered here back in 1858 and remains one of the most complete dinosaur skeletons ever found. But you probably already knew that. What you may not know is that the Garden State is home to one of the largest and best areas in the country for late Cretaceous period fossils.
The Cretaceous period spans 79 million years between the end of the Jurassic Period 145 million years ago to the beginning of the Paleogene Period 66 million years ago.
It is the last period of the Mesozoic Era. The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now-extinct marine reptiles, ammonites and rudists. One such shallow sea could be found where modern day Marlboro, New Jersey now lies.
In Marlboro, you'll find the picturesque Big Brook Park.
Part of the Monmouth County Parks System, it is open to the public daily from 7 a.m. until 5:30 p.m.. The park offers young wetlands, rolling fields, and hiking trails. However, the most popular attraction is the Big Brook (hence the name).
The brook (which also runs down into Colts Neck and the Big Brook Preserve) cuts through sediments that were deposited during the Late Cretaceous Period.
All along the brook, you'll find a wide range of fossils. If you're patient and have the proper tools (a screening box), you'll likely find a few to take home. If you don't have a screening box, I've heard that pasta strainers can work in a pinch. You'll need to sift through the sediment at the bottom of the brook, so be sure to wear sturdy shoes and clothes that can get wet. A visit here is a fun family activity that can result in the discovery of some terrific treasures.
So, what fossils can you find?
Shark teeth are most common. And these aren't the teeth of sharks you'll find today, they're the teeth of the extinct Mackerel, Crow, Angel and Goblin sharks. You may also find shark vertebrae. There are bony fish and ray fossils, along with an abundance of Belemnite fossils. The Belemnite is an extinct invertebrate and cephalopod, similar to a squid. If you're lucky, you'll come across the fossils of dinosaurs and other land animals whose remains drifted out to sea, but this is very rare. Aim to find shark teeth and you'll probably leave happy. By law, you're allowed to bring up to 5 fossils home.
Were you familiar with this treasure trove of Cretaceous fossils in New Jersey? Have you been? What did you find? If you'd like to visit, you can do so by putting 521 Route 520 (Marlboro), into your GPS. Be prepared for a short hike along the Henry Hudson Trail. If you'd like to learn more about the Hadrosaurus and the town in which it was discovered, click here. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,909 |
The R6L is a top quality 4-person spa perfect in any backyard or on patios, balconies, and even smaller spaces, without sacrificing therapy and comfort. The R6L provides a variety of massages, with 3 JetPaks of your choice and includes a comfortable bent-knee lounge seat with integrated calf and foot jets. Relax in tranquility in this cozy hot tub, ideal for anyone who doesn't have a bunch of space but still wants a high quality hot tub. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,910 |
Organisation - December 10, 2010
VHL management clashes with staff
The management of Van Hall Larenstein cut off consultations with the employees' council today. The council has little confidence in director Ellen Marks.
The management of Van Hall Larenstein suspended consultations with the employees' council today, until further notice. In a letter written on Monday, the management states that the relationship is 'not constructive'. 'Important processes are being delayed and this is not in the interests of the organization.'
In its turn, the employees' council at Van Hall Larenstein has little confidence in general director Ellen Marks. Representatives of the council are talking to Wageningen UR executive board chair Aalt Dijkhuizen today about the situation.
No confidence
Feelings are running high, as is clear from the letter from the employees' council to the management. The letter states that director Ellen Marks 'has repeatedly shown that she does not understand what sort of organization she is leading.' According to employees' council chair Dennis de Jager, this is tantamount to a vote of no confidence. 'The management has no bond with the institution', he claims. He describes it as 'unacceptable' that the management has suspended consultations with the council and doubts the legality of the move. 'Like this no decision can be made on important issues such as the reorganization of staff services and ICT provision.' The management has proposed mediation, but the employees' council does not see much future in that.
Flatter organization
The roots of the conflict lie partly in the new management structure that Marks aims to introduce. Study programme directors are to be replaced by teamleaders. This will create a flatter organization with fewer management layers, lower overheads and more say for employees. But De Jager thinks the study programmes need to be given more influence, not less. And he says Marks is not open to criticism of the intended structure, especially from Velp.
Ellen Marks declined to comment and referred to spokesman Simon Vink of the executive council. He did not want to go into details either. He did, however, confirm that there has been a loss of trust. 'But I have every confidence that the two parties will arrive at a solution. We must have some calm discussions together.'
Please insert the sum of these numbers (use numbers): one + five = * | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,911 |
Nainital Celebrating Winter Carnival from 25th to 31st Dec 2015. Organised by The District Administration, Hotel Association Nainital & Local Citizens.
i want to join this event. it would be my pleasure if you could tell me how to attend this event. i am very much exited about the same. i am from almora.
Please brief about photography contest.
Check the below URL for updated Info. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,912 |
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used gold mining wash plant sale on craigslist; portable gold mining trommel for sale; gold dredging in south africa – grinding mill china. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,913 |
The sinking economy has been felt in even the richest of pocketbooks as Tiger Woods needs a new endorsement ride after Buick bailed out and LeBron James lost his Internet connection with Microsoft.
But so far, the two biggest marketing names on the Houston sports scene — Yao Ming and Tracy McGrady — have not felt the pinch of corporate cutbacks.
"So far as I know, nobody's Tigered me or LeBroned me yet," said McGrady, who according to industry estimates, earns roughly $6 million a year in endorsements in addition to his $21.1 million salary from the Rockets this season.
Estimates for 2008 have Yao earning $36.5 million, of which $21.5 million comes from various endorsement deals. His current endorsement packages from multiple sponsors total $150 million, Newsweek reported.
"As far as we go and how the economy has affected us and athlete marketing, it's really stemmed the tide of future deals more than affected current deals," said Bob Myers, the marketing representative for McGrady with the Wasserman Media Group. "I do think we're going to see an impact on deals going forward, the ability to generate new deals in a lot of different marketplaces.
"As far as Tracy is concerned, of course I could get a phone call in the next 10 minutes telling me different, but there has been no change, no scaling back by any of our partners.
Yao Ming and Tracy McGrady are estimated to earn $21.5 million and $6 million, respectively, this year in various endorsement deals.
Few outside Woods, Michael Jordan and English soccer star David Beckham have the global icon status of Yao, who has in his current portfolio deals with Reebok (owned by Adidas), Coca-Cola, GPS maker Garmin and Visa. Yao just began a partnership with T-Mobile, and a TV ad campaign with Charles Barkley and Dwyane Wade made its debut in November.
"In Yao's case, there's been no sign of anyone pulling back," said Bill Sanders, Yao's U.S. marketing representative with BDA Sports. "That's mainly because his partnerships, most of them, are long-term.
The shrinking economy could have some companies examining their relationships with athlete endorsers in terms of how well the product meshes with the celebrity image. Woods, who leads the way with an estimated $95 million a year in endorsement earnings, had his $7 million-a-year deal with Buick ended before it was supposed to expire at the end of 2009.
James' deal with Microsoft ended after the company decided not to renew after the original two-year contract.
The top executives of all the major sports are expecting to take some kind of financial hit as the economy limps along. NBA commissioner David Stern, in a radio interview on NPR, talked about a potential 5-percent decrease in sales and attendance in the current season. Stern said he believes the majority of fans will still attend games but may spend less on food or souvenirs.
The NBA may show only a slight decline this season because the commitments to buy season tickets and sponsorships were made before the economy swooned in late September.
If fans do stay away from arenas and ballparks and stadiums as a result of budget-trimming, it could even translate into endorsement deals being more effective.
"I actually think there's some truth to the old adage that sports is recession-proof," Sanders said. "People do tend to stay home more when things are difficult and tend to spend more time with things that get their minds off their trouble. And watching their team play is one of those things. So as long as ratings are strong and advertisers still need to move their product, I think they'll continue to spend a good deal of their money on sports.
"I don't believe anything is immune to the recession," he said. "If you look at consumer staples, a lot of people are taking a hard look at their situations. Corporations are doing that, too. And anytime you take a hard look at something, you probably end up trimming some part of it. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,914 |
We have many shipping options available for both U.S. and international destinations. Please see the Shipping Options below for additional details.
We promise you that your order will be shipped neatly, securely, and within 1 to 2 business days*. However, we have no control over the United States Postal Service. Once your package leaves our office, it is out of our hands. Therefore, UNLESS YOU'VE CHOSEN FED EX OR UPS SHIPPING OR YOU HAVE PURCHASED INSURANCE, WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR PACKAGES LOST, STOLEN, MISROUTED OR DAMAGED BY THE US POSTAL SERVICE. NO EXCEPTIONS.
If you have reason to believe your mail delivery is not safe or reliable, please choose a different shipping address (such as to your work location) or choose Fed Ex or UPS and request "Signature Required for Delivery" in the comments section of your order.
The cost of shipping starts as low as $3.30 in the U.S. and $10.40 world wide when you choose United States Postal Service - First Class Mail or First Class International! Your cost depends upon the weight of your package and the Shipping Option you choose. The final cost will show in the shopping cart when you are checking out.
*Orders are normally shipped within 1 to 2 business days and you will receive a shipping notice email. If we cannot ship your full order, you will receive an order status update by email with complete details regarding your out of stock items.
Delivery time depends upon the Shipping Option you choose. See details below.
If you purchase both in stock and out of stock items, you can choose to have your order split when you are checking out. Your in stock items will ship immediately by your chosen shipping method; your out of stock items will be shipped via US Postal Service - First Class mail when they become available.
To see if your order has been shipped, check your email inbox for our shipping notice email. You can also log on to My Account, click on the order number; see "Order Status" and "Store Comments."
FREE SHIPPING via United States Postal Service - First Class Mail on orders over US $25.00!!! FREE shipping is based on order subtotal before tax and shipping, is only available on orders weighing less than one pound, and only for orders shipping within the U.S. International orders shipping via First Class and over US $25.00 get $3.00 off the shipping cost.
The shipping cost is per order (not per item) and is assessed at the time of sale. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,915 |
The #1 financial advisor directory with 26 financial advisors in Crystal Lake and 98,401 total listings.
Corush Joel CPA CFP (Investment Advisory Services) is a financial advisory firm in Crystal Lake, Illinois. This financial advisor is listed on Financial Advisory Firms under Financial Advisory Services - Investment Advisory Services.
Corush Joel CPA CFP is listed under Investment Advisory Services in Crystal Lake, Illinois .
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Contact Corush Joel CPA CFP to find out about hours of operation / office hours / business hours.
Listed business hours are general only. Call (815) 356-0100 to learn about office hours. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,916 |
A G R E E M E N T
THIS AGREEMENT, made this 15th day of October, 1982 by and between the participating carriers listed in Exhibit A, attached hereto and made a part hereof, and represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee, and the employees of such carriers shown thereon and represented by the United Transportation Union, witnesseth:
ARTICLE I GENERAL WAGE INCREASES
Section 1 First General Wage Increase (for others than Dining Car Stewards and Yardmasters)
(a) Effective April 1, 1981, all standard basic daily and mileage rates of pay of employees represented by the United Transportation Union in effect on March 31, 1981 shall be increased by an amount equal to 2 percent. The costofliving allowance of 58 cents per hour in effect on March 31, 1981 will not be included with basic rates in computing the amount of this
(b) In computing the increase for enginemen under paragraph (a) above, 2 percent shall be applied to the standard basic daily rates of pay, and 2 percent shall be applied to the standard mileage rates of pay, respectively, applicable in the following weightondrivers brackets, and the amounts so produced shall be added to each standard basic daily or mileage rate of pay:
Yard Firemen Less than 500,000 pounds
(separate computation covering fiveday
rates and other than fiveday rates)
Section 2 Second General Wage Increase (for others than Dining Car Stewards and Yardmasters)
Effective October 1, 1981, all standard basic daily and mileage rates of pay of employees represented by the United Transportation Union in effect on September 30, 1981, shall be increased by an amount equal to 3 percent, computed and applied for enginemen in the manner prescribed in Section 1 above. The costofliving allowance of 90 cents per hour in
effect on September 30, 1981 will not be included with basic rates in computing the amount of this increase. The standard basic daily and mileage rates of pay produced by application of this increase are set forth in Appendix 2, which is a part of this Agreement.
Section 3 Third General Wage Increase (for others than Dining Car Stewards and Yardmasters)
Effective July 1, 1982, all standard basic daily and mileage rates of pay of employees represented by the United Transportation Union in effect on June 30, 1982, shall be increased by an amount equal to 3 percent, computed and applied for enginemen in the manner prescribed in Section 1 above. The costofliving allowance of $1.25 per hour in effect on June 30, 1982 will not be included with basic rates in computing the amount of this increase. The standard basic daily and mileage rates of pay produced by application of this increase are set forth in Appendix 3, which is a part of this Agreement.
Section 4 Fourth General Wage Increase (for others than Dining Car Stewards and Yardmasters)
Effective July 1, 1983, all standard basic daily and mileage rates of pay of employees represented by the United Transportation Union in effect on June 30, 1983, shall be increased by an amount equal to 3 percent, computed and applied for enginemen in the manner prescribed in Section 1 above. The amount of the costofliving allowance which will be in effect on June 30, 1983 will not be included with basic rates in computing the amount of this increase. The standard basic daily and mileage rates of pay produced by application of this increase are set forth in Appendix 4, which is a part of this Agreement.
(c) Daily earnings minima shall be increased by the amount of the respective daily increase.
(d) Standard monthly rates and money monthly guarantees in passenger train service shall be thirty times the new standard daily rates. Other than standard monthly rates and money monthly guarantees shall be so adjusted that differentials existing as of March 31, 1981 shall be
preserved.
(h) The differential of $4.00 per basic day in freight and yard service, and .4 per mile for miles in excess of 100 in freight service, will be maintained for engineers working without firemen on locomotives on which under the former National Diesel Agreement of 1950 firemen would have been required.
(i) In computing the increases in rates of pay effective April 1, 1981 under Section 1 for firemen, conductors, brakemen and flagmen employed in local freight service, or on road switchers, roustabout runs, mine runs, or in other miscellaneous service, on runs of 100 miles or less which are therefore paid on a daily basis without a mileage component, whose rates had
been increased by "an additional $.40" effective July 1, 1968, the 2 percent increase shall be applied to daily rates in effect March 31, 1981, exclusive of car scale additives, local freight differentials, and any other money differential above existing standard daily rates. For firemen, the rates applicable in the weightondrivers bracket 950,000 and less than 1,000,000 pounds shall be utilized in computing the amount of increase. The same procedure shall be followed in computing the increases of 3 percent effective October 1, 1981, 3 percent effective July 1, 1982, and 3 percent effective July 1, 1983. The rates produced by application of the standard local freight differentials and the abovereferredto special increase of "an additional $.40" to standard basic through freight rates of pay are set forth in Appendices 1, 2, 3 and 4, which are a part of this Agreement.
(i) Existing basic daily and mileage rates of pay other than standard shall be increased, effective as of the effective dates specified in Sections 1 through 4 hereof, by the same respective percentages as set forth therein, computed and applied in the same manner as the standard rates were determined.
(ii) The differential of $4.00 per basic day in freight and yard service, and .4¢ per mile for miles in excess of 100 in freight service, will be maintained for engineers working without firemen on locomotives on which under the former National Diesel Agreement of 1950 firemen would have been required.
(iii) Daily rates of pay, other than standard, of firemen, conductors, brakemen and flagmen employed in local freight service, or on road switchers, roustabout runs, mine runs, or in other miscellaneous service, on runs of 100 miles or less which are therefore paid on a daily basis without a mileage component, shall be increased as of the effective dates specified in Sections 1 through 4 hereof, by the same respective percentages as set forth therein, computed and applied in the same manner as provided in paragraph (i) above.
(k) Wage rates resulting from the increases provided for in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this Article I, and in Section 1(g) of Article II, will not be reduced under Article II.
Section 6 General Wage Increases for Dining Car Stewards and Yardmasters
Effective April 1, 1981 all basic monthly rates of pay of dining car stewards and yardmasters represented by the United Transportation Union in effect on March 31, 1981 shall be increased by 2 percent. The costofliving allowance of 58¢ per hour in effect on March 31, 1981 will not be included with basic rates in computing the amount of this increase.
Effective October 1, 1981 - 3%
The costofliving allowance of 90 cents
per hour in effect on September 30, 1981
will not be included with basic rates in
in computing the amount of this increase.
Effective July 1, 1982 - 3%
The costofliving allowance of $1.25
per hour in effect on June 30, 1982 will
not be included with basic rates in
computing the amount of this increase.
The amount of the costofliving
allowance which will be in effect on
June 30, 1983 will not be included
with basic rates in computing the
amount of this increase.
Rates of pay resulting from the increases provided for in this Section 6, and Section 1(g) of Article II, will not be reduced under Article II.
ARTICLE II - COSTOFLIVING ADJUSTMENTS
Section 1 Amount and Effective Dates of CostofLiving Adjustments
(a) A costofliving adjustment increase of 32 cents per hour will be made effective July 1, 1981. The amount of such adjustment will be added to the costofliving allowance of 58 cents per hour remaining in effect. As result of such adjustment, the costofliving allowance
effective July 1, 1981 will be 90 cents per hour.
(b) A further costofliving adjustment increase of 35 cents per hour will be made effective as of January 1, 1982. The amount of such adjustment will be added to the costofliving allowance of 90 cents per hour remaining in effect. As result of such adjustment the costofliving allowance effective January 1, 1982 will be $1.25 per hour.
(c) A further costofliving adjustment increase of 22 cents per hour will be made effective as of July 1, 1982. The amount of such adjustment will be added to the costofliving allowance of $1.25 per hour remaining in effect. As result of such adjustment the costofliving
allowance effective July 1, 1982 will be $1.47 per hour.
(d) The costofliving allowance resulting from the adjustments provided for in paragraphs (a), (b) and © above will subsequently be adjusted, in the manner set forth in and subject to all the provisions of paragraphs (h) and (i) below, on the basis of the "Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (Revised Series) (CPIW)" (1967 100), U.S. Index, all items unadjusted, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, and hereinafter referred to as the BLS Consumer Price Index. The first such costofliving adjustment shall be made effective January 1, 1983, based (subject to paragraph (h)(i) below) on the BLS Consumer Price Index for September 1982 as compared with the index for March 1982. Such adjustment, and further costofliving adjustments which will be made effective the first day of each sixth month thereafter, will be based on the change in the BLS Consumer Price Index during the respective measurement periods shown in the following table subject to the exception in paragraph (h)(ii) below, according to the formula set forth in paragraph (i) below:
Measurement Periods Effective Date
Base Month Measurement Month of Adjustment
March 1982 September 1982 January 1, 1983
September 1982 March 1983 July 1, 1983
(e) While a costofliving allowance is in effect, such costofliving allowance will apply to straight time, overtime, vacations, holidays and to special allowances and arbitraries in the same manner as basic wage adjustments have been applied in the past.
(f) The amount of the costofliving allowance, if any, which will be effective from one adjustment date to the next may be equal to, or greater or less than, the costofliving allowance in effect in the preceding adjustment period.
(g) On December 31, 1983 the costofliving allowance in effect on January 1, 1983 shall be rolled into basic rates of pay and the costofliving allowance remaining in effect will be reduced by a like amount. On June 30, 1984, 50% of the costofliving allowance then in effect (rounded to the next higher cent if the allowance consists of an odd number of cents) shall be rolled into basic rates and the costofliving allowance remaining in effect will be reduced by a like amount.
(h) Cap. (i) In calculations under paragraph (i) below, the maximum increase in the BLS Consumer Price Index (C.P.I.) which will be taken into account will be as follows:
Effective Date Maximum C.P.I. Increase
of Adjustment Which May Be Taken into Account
January 1, 1983 4% of March 1982 CPI
July 1, 1983 8% of March 1982 CPI, less the increase from March, 1982 to September, 1982.
(ii) If the increase in the BLS Consumer Price Index from the base month of March 1982 to the measurement month of September 1982, exceeds 4% of the March base index, the measurement period which will be used for determining the costofliving adjustment to be effective the following July I will be the twelvemonth period from such base month of March; the increase in the index which will be taken into account will be limited to that portion of increase which is in excess of 4% of such March base index, and the maximum increase in that portion of the index which may be taken into account will be 8% of such March base index less the 4% mentioned in the preceding clause, to which will be added any residual
tenths of points which had been dropped under paragraph (i) below in calculation of the costofliving adjustment which will have become effective January 1 during such measurement period.
(iii) Any increase in the BLS Consumer Price Index from the base month of March 1982 to the measurement month of March 1983 in excess of 8% of the March 1982 base index, will not be taken into account in the determination of subsequent costofliving adjustments.
(i) Formula. The number of points change in the BLS Consumer Price Index during a measurement period, as limited by paragraph (h) above, will be converted into cents on the basis of one cent equals 0.3 full points. (By "0.3 full points" it is intended that any remainder of 0.1 point or 0.2 point of change after the conversion will not be counted.)
The costofliving allowance in effect on July 1, 1982 as result of application of Section 1© will be adjusted (increased or decreased) effective January 1, 1983 by the whole number of cents produced by dividing by 0.3 the number of points (including tenths of points) change, as limited by paragraph (h) above, in the BLS Consumer Price Index during the measurement period from the base month of March 1982 to the measurement month of September 1982. Any residual tenths of a point resulting from such division will be dropped. The result of such division will be added to the amount of the costofliving allowance in effect on July 1, 1982 if the Consumer Price Index will have been higher at the end than at the beginning of the measurement period, and subtracted therefrom only if the index will have been lower at the end than at the beginning of the measurement period.
The same procedure will be followed in applying subsequent adjustments.
(j) Continuance of the costofliving adjustments is dependent upon the availability of the official monthly BLS Consumer Price Index (CPIW) calculated on the same basis as such Index, except that, if the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, should during the effective period of this Agreement revise or change the methods or basic data used in calculating the BLS Consumer Price Index in such a way as to affect the direct comparability of such revised or changed index with the CPIW index during a measurement period, then that Bureau shall be requested to furnish a conversion factor designed to adjust the newly revised index to the basis of the CPIW Index during such measurement period.
Section 2 Application of CostofLiving Adjustments
In application of the costofliving adjustments provided for by Section 1 of this Article II, the costofliving allowance will not become part of basic rates of pay except as provided in Section 1(g). Such allowance will be applied as follows:
(a) For others than dining car stewards and yardmasters, each one cent per hour of costofliving allowance will be treated as an increase of 8 cents in the basic daily rates of pay produced by application of Sections 2, 3 and 4 of Article I and by Section 1(g) of this Article II. The costofliving allowance will otherwise be applied in keeping with the provisions of Section 5 of Article I.
(b) For dining car stewards, each one cent per hour of costofliving allowance will be treated as an increase of $1.80 in the monthly rates of pay produced by application of Section 6 of Article I and by Section 1(g) of this Article II.
(c) For yardmasters, each one cent per hour of costofliving allowance will be treated as an increase of $2.00 in the monthly rates of pay produced by application of Section 6 of Article I and by Section 1(g) of this Article II.
Insofar as applicable to employees represented by the United Transportation Union, the Vacation Agreement dated April 29, 1949, as amended, is further amended effective January 1, 1982, by substituting the following Section 1©, 1(d) and 1(h) for the corresponding provisions contained in Section 1, as previously amended:
© Effective January 1, 1982, each employee, subject to the scope of schedule agreements held by the organizations signatory to the April 29, 1949 Vacation Agreement, having eight or more years of continuous service with employing carrier will be qualified for an annual vacation of three weeks with pay, or pay in lieu thereof, if during the preceding calendar year the employee renders service under schedule agreements held by the organizations signatory to the April 29, 1949 Vacation Agreement amounting to one hundred sixty (160) basic days in miles or hours paid for as provided in individual schedules and during the said eight or more years of continuous service renders service of not less than one thousand two hundred and eighty (1280) basic days in miles or hours paid for as provided in individual schedules.
Beginning with the effective date of the provisions of Article 3 of Agreement "A" dated September 25, 1950, May 25, 1951 or May 23, 1952, on an individual carrier, but not earlier than the year 1960, in the application of this Section 1© each basic day in yard service performed by a yard service employee or by an employee having interchangeable road and yard rights shall be computed as 1.6 days, and each basic day in all other services shall be computed as 1.3 days, for purposes of determining qualifications for vacations. (This is the equivalent of 100 qualifying days in a calendar year in yard service and 120 qualifying days in a calendar year in road service.) (See NOTE below.)
(d) Effective January 1, 1982, each employee, subject to the scope of schedule agreements held by the organizations signatory to the April 29, 1949 Vacation Agreement, having seventeen or more years of continuous service with employing carrier will be qualified for an annual vacation of four weeks with pay, or pay in lieu thereof, if during the preceding calendar year the employee renders service under schedule agreements held by the organizations signatory to the April 29, 1949 Vacation Agreement amounting to one hundred sixty (160)
basic days in miles or hours paid for as provided in individual schedules and during the said seventeen or more years of continuous service renders service of not less than two thousand seven hundred and twenty (2720) basic days in miles or hours paid for as provided in individual schedules.
Beginning with the effective date of the provisions of Article 3 of Agreement "A" dated September 25, 1950, May 25, 1951 or May 23, 1952, on an individual carrier, but not earlier than the year 1960, in the application of this Section 1(d) each basis day in yard service performed by a yard service employee or by an employee having interchangeable road and yard rights shall be computed as 1.6 days, and each basic day in all other services shall be computed as 1.3 days, for purposes of determining qualifications for vacations. (This is the equivalent of 100 qualifying days in a calendar year in yard service and 120 qualifying days in a calendar year in road service.) (See NOTE below.)
(The NOTE referred to in Sections 1(e) and 1(d) above reads as follows:
"NOTE: In the application of Section 1(a), (b), ©, (d) and (e), qualifying years accumulated, also qualifying requirements for years accumulated, prior to the effective date of the respective provisions hereof, for extended vacations shall not be changed.")
(h) Where an employee is discharged from service and thereafter restored to service during the same calendar year with seniority unimpaired, service performed prior to discharge and subsequent to reinstatement during that year shall be included in the determination of qualification for vacation during the following year.
Where an employee is discharged from service and thereafter restored to service with seniority unimpaired, service before and after such discharge and restoration shall be included in computing three hundred twenty (320) basic days under Section 1(b), one thousand two hundred and eighty (1280) basic days under Section 1©, two thousand seven hundred and twenty (2720) basic days under Section 1(d), and four thousand (4000) basic days under Section 1(e).
Effective January 1, 1983, the national holiday provisions will be revised to add the day after Thanksgiving Day and to substitute New Year's Eve (the day before New Year's Day is observed) for Veterans Day.
The holiday pay qualifications for Christmas Eve Christmas shall also be applicable to the Thanksgiving Day day after Thanksgiving Day and the New Year's Eve New 'Year's Day holidays.
ARTICLE V HEALTH AND WELFARE BENEFITS
Section 1. Continuation of Plan
The benefits now provided under The Railroad Employees National Health and Welfare Plan, modified as provided below, will be continued subject to the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended. Contributions to the Plan will be offset by the expeditious use of such amounts as may at any time be in Special Account A or in one or more special accounts or funds maintained by the insurer in connection with Group Policy Contract GA23000, and by the use of funds held in trust that are not otherwise needed to pay claims, premiums or administrative expenses which are payable from trust. Detailed contract language effectuating all changes in the Plan called for by this Agreement will be worked out by the joint Policyholder Committee with the insurer.
Section 2. Benefit Changes
The following benefit changes will be made effective on the first day of the month after the month in which this Agreement becomes effective:
(a) Life Insurance The maximum life insurance benefit for active employees will be increased from $6,000 to $10,000.
(b) Accidental Death, Dismemberment and Loss of Sight The maximum accidental death, dismemberment and loss of sight benefit, called the "Principal Sum" in Group Policy Contract GA23000, will be increased from $4,000 to $8,000. Those accidental death, dismemberment and loss of sight benefits that are payable in the amount of onehalf the Principal Sum will thus be increased from $2,000 to $4,000.
(c) Hospital Miscellaneous Benefits The provision for reimbursement for hospital charges for medical care and treatment (other than charges for room and board, nurses', and physicians' and surgeons' fees), and the excess of charges for intensive care in an intensive care unit over the amount payable otherwise, shall be increased from "not more than $2,000 plus 80% of the excess over $2,000," to "not more than $2,500 plus 80% of the excess over $2,500."
(d) Surgical Expense Benefit
(i) The maximum surgical benefit for all surgical procedures due to the same or related causes, as well as the maximum basic benefit for any one surgical procedure, will be increased from $1,000 to $1,500; and the $1,000 E Surgical Schedule will be replaced by a $1,500 E Surgical Schedule.
(ii) No surgical expense benefits described in Part E of Article VII of Group Policy Contract GA23000 will be payable under the Plan with respect to any nonemergency surgical procedure listed below and described in Schedule I to Policy Contract GA23000 unless the opinions of two surgeons with respect to the medical necessity of the procedure have first been obtained and at least one of those opinions recommends the procedure. Major medical expense benefits described in Part J of such Article will, however, be payable with respect to such a procedure whether or not the opinion of a second surgeon is obtained. The surgical procedures referred to above are:
1. Breast Surgery 7. Gall Bladder Operations
2. Bunion Surgery 8. Knee Surgery
3. Cataract Surgery 9. Prostate Operations
4. Hemorrhoid Operations 10. Rhinoplasty
5. Hernia Repairs 11. Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy
6. Hysterectomy 12. Varicose Vein Operations
(e) Radiation Therapy Expense Benefits The radiation therapy expense benefits and the schedule listing them will be broadened to include chemotherapy treatments; the overall combined maximum radiation therapy and chemotherapy expense benefits for any one person during any one calendar year will be increased from $400 to $600; and the overall combined maximum radiation therapy and chemotherapy expense benefits for any one person for any one accident or sickness will be increased from $400 to $600.
(f) XRay or Laboratory Examinations The maximum medical expense benefit for xray and laboratory examinations of any one person during any one calendar year will be increased from $150 to $250.
(g) Physician's Fee Benefit
(i) The maximum amount payable on behalf of an employee or dependent for physician's charges for visits while the employee or dependent is confined as a hospital inpatient will be increased from $10.00 to $12.00 per day of such confinement, and the maximum so payable during any one period of hospital confinement will be increased from $3,650 to $4,380.
(ii) The maximum amount payable for physician's office visits by an employee shall be increased from $10.00 to $12.00, and for home visits from $12.00 to $15.00, per visit, limited as at present to one home or office visit per day and a maximum of 180 such visits in a 12month period; no benefit payable for the first visit on account of injury or first three visits on account of sickness.
(h) Major Medical Expense Benefits The maximum aggregate amount payable as major medical expense benefits with respect to any eligible employee or dependent during such person's entire lifetime will be increased from $250,000 to $500,000.
(i) Hospital Emergency Room To the extent not otherwise covered under the Plan, benefits will be payable for expenses in excess of $50 incurred for the use of hospital emergency room by a covered employee or dependent. To the extent the first $50 of such expenses are not covered by the Plan, they will count toward reaching the cash deductible amount of $100 under the major medical expense benefits provisions of the Plan.
Section 3. Eligibility
The provision under which a new employee becomes a Qualifying Employee, and may become covered and eligible for benefits, on the first day of the first calendar month starting after such employee has completed 60 continuous days during which he has maintained an employment relationship, will be changed to provide that a new employee (employed on or after the first day of the calendar month following the month in which this agreement is executed) will become a Qualifying Employee on the first day of the first calendar month starting after the day on which such employee first performs compensated service; provided, however, that no employee or dependent health benefits described in Article VII of Group Policy Contract GA23000, other than the major medical benefits described in Part J thereof, will be payable to or on behalf of an employee until the expiration of twelve months after the month during which he first performs compensated service.
Section 4. Coverage for Dependents Health Benefits
If an employee is covered immediately prior to his death with respect to an eligible dependent's health benefits described in Article VII of Group Policy Contract GA23000, such coverage will continue with respect to those benefits until the end of the fourth month following the month in which the employee's death occurred.
Section 5. Suspended and Dismissed Employees
An employee who is suspended or dismissed from service and is thereafter awarded full back pay for all time lost as a result of such suspension or dismissal will be covered under the Plan as if he or she had not been suspended or dismissed in the first place.
ARTICLE VI DENTAL BENEFITS
The benefits now provided under The Railroad Employees National Dental Plan, modified as provided below, will be continued subject to the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended. Detailed contract language effectuating all changes in the Plan called for by this Agreement will be worked out by the National Carriers' Conference Committee with the insurer.
(a) The maximum benefit (exclusive of any benefits for orthodontia) which may be paid with respect to a covered employee or eligible dependent in any calendar year will be increased from $750 to $1,000.
(b) The maximum aggregate benefit payable for all orthodontic treatment rendered to an eligible dependent child under the age of 19 during his or her lifetime will be increased from $500 to $750.
(c) The benefit payable with respect to the Type A dental expenses described below will be increased to 100% (from 75%) of such expenses, but only to the extent that they exceed the deductible amount, which will not be changed:
a. Routine oral examinations and prophylaxis (scaling and cleaning of teeth), but not more than once each in any period of 6 consecutive months.
b. Topical application of fluoride for dependent children, but not more than once in any calendar year.
c. Space maintainers designed to preserve the space created by the premature loss of a tooth in a child with mixed dentition until normal eruption of the permanent tooth takes place.
d. Emergency palliative treatment (to alleviate pain or discomfort).
e. Dental xray, including full mouth xrays (but not more than once in any period of 36 consecutive months), supplementary bitewing xrays (but not more than once in any period of 6 consecutive months) and such other dental xrays as are required in connection with the diagnosis of a specific condition requiring treatment.
ARTICLE VII EARLY RETIREMENT MAJOR MEDICAL BENEFITS
The benefits now provided under The Railroad Employees National Early Retirement Major Medical Benefit Plan, modified as provided below, will be continued subject to the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended. Detailed contract language effectuating all changes in the Plan called for by this Agreement will be worked out by the National Carriers' Conference Committee with the insurer.
The following benefit change will be made effective on the first day of the month after the month in which this Agreement becomes effective: The maximum amount payable with respect to any retired or disabled employee covered by the Plan or to any eligible dependent of such a retired or disabled employee will be increased from $50,000 to $75,000.
ARTICLE VIII NATIONAL HEALTH LEGISLATION
In the event that national health legislation should be enacted, benefits provided under The Railroad Employees National Health and Welfare Plan, The Railroad Employees National Early Retirement Major Medical Benefit Plan, and The Railroad Employees National Dental Plan with respect to a type of expense which is a covered expense under such legislation will be integrated so as to avoid duplication, and the parties will agree upon the disposition of any resulting savings.
ARTICLE IX EXPENSES AWAY FROM HOME
Effective December 1, 1982, the meal allowance provided for in Article II, Section 2, of the June 25, 1964 National Agreement, as amended, is increased from $2.75 to $3.85.
ARTICLE X CABOOSES
Pursuant to the recommendations of Emergency Board No. 195, the elimination of requirements for or affecting the utilization of cabooses, as proposed by the carriers in their notice served on or about February 2, 1981, will be handled on an individual railroad basis in accordance with the following agreed upon procedures and guidelines.
Cabooses may be eliminated from trains or assignments in any or all classes of service by agreement of the parties.
Cabooses in all classes of service other than through freight service are subject to elimination by agreement or, if necessary, by Arbitration.
In through freight service, cabooses on all trains are subject to consideration in the negotiation of trains that may be operated without cabooses and there is no limit on the number that can be eliminated by agreement. However, there shall be a 25% limitation on the elimination of cabooses in through freight (including converted through freight) service, except by agreement. If arbitration becomes necessary to achieve the 25 percent of cabooses that may be eliminated in through freight service it shall be handled as hereinafter provided.
Section 1. Procedures
(a) When a carrier desires to operate without cabooses in any service, it shall give written notice of such intent to the General Chairman or General Chairmen involved, specifying the trains, runs or assignments, territory, operations and service involved. A meeting will be held within fifteen (15) days from the date of such notice to commence consideration of the carrier's request subject to the guidelines outlined in Section 2 below.
(b) There is no limit on the trains, runs or assignments in any class of service that may be operated without cabooses by agreement. If the carrier and the General Chairman or General Chairmen are able to reach an agreement, the elimination of cabooses pursuant to such agreement may be implemented at the convenience of the carrier.
(c) In the event the carrier and the General Chairman or General Chairmen cannot reach an agreement within sixty (60) days from the date of the notice, either party may apply to the National Mediation Board to provide the first available neutral from the panel provided for below.
(d) Within fifteen (15) days from the date of this Agreement, the parties signatory to the Agreement shall agree on a panel of five qualified neutrals and an alternate panel of five qualified neutrals who shall be available to handle arbitrations arising out of this Article. If the parties are unable to agree on all of the neutrals within fifteen (15) days, the National Mediation Board shall appoint the necessary members to complete the panels. If one or more members of a panel becomes unavailable he shall be replaced under this procedure. A neutral shall not be considered available if he is unable to serve within thirty (30) days from the date requested. Should a neutral be requested and none of the panel members is available to begin review of the dispute with the parties within thirty (30) days of such request, the National Mediation Board shall appoint a non panel neutral in such dispute.
(e) The neutral member will review the dispute and if unable to resolve by agreement the neutral member will, within thirty (30) days after the conclusion of the hearing, make a determination on the proposed elimination of cabooses involved in the dispute. The determination of the neutral member authorizing the elimination of cabooses shall be final and binding upon the parties except that the carrier may elect not to put such determination into effect on certain trains or assignments covered thereby by so notifying the General Chairman in writing within thirty (30) days from the date of the determination by the neutral. If a carrier makes such an election it shall be deemed to have waived any right to renew the request to remove the caboose from any such train or assignment covered thereby for a period of one year following the date of such determination.
(f) It is recognized that the operating rules, general orders and special instructions should be reviewed and revised by the carrier, where necessary, to accommodate operations without cabooses. Any necessary revision will be in effect when trains are operated without cabooses.
Section 2. Guidelines
The parties to this Agreement adopt the recommendations of Emergency Board No. 195 that the elimination of cabooses should be an ongoing national program and that this program can be most effectively implemented by agreements negotiated on the local properties by the representatives of the carriers and the organization most intimately acquainted with the complexities of individual situations.
In determining whether cabooses are to be eliminated, the following factors shall be considered:
(a) safety of employees
(b) operating safety, including train length
(c) effect on employees' duties and responsibilities resulting from working without a caboose
(d) availability of safe, stationary and comfortable seating arrangements for all employees on the engine consist
(e) availability of adequate storage space in the engine consist for employees' gear and work equipment.
Section 3. Conditions
Pursuant to the guidelines described in Section 2, the following conditions shall be adhered to in an arbitration determination providing for operations without cabooses:
(a) Where suitable lodging facilities for a crew are required and the caboose is presently used to provide such lodging, the carrier shall continue to provide a caboose for that purpose until alternate suitable lodging facilities become available.
(b) Except by agreement cabooses will not be eliminated on certain mine runs, locals and road switchers where normal operations require crews to stand by waiting for cars or trains for extended periods of time and such crews cannot be provided reasonable access to the locomotive or other appropriate shelter during such extended periods.
(c) Except by agreement cabooses will not be eliminated from trains that regularly operate with more than 35 cars where the crews are normally required to provide rearend flagging protection.
(d) Crew members will not as a result of the elimination of cabooses be required to ride on the side or rear of cars except in normal switching or service movements or reverse movements that are not for extended distances.
(e) Additional seating accommodations will not be required on trains having a locomotive consist with two or more cabs equipped with seats. Crews required to deadhead on the locomotive will be provided seating in accordance with Section 2(d).
(f) A carrier may operate a train, run or assignment with a caboose if it so desires despite the fact that it may have the right to operate such train without a caboose.
(g) The conditions and considerations applicable to the elimination of cabooses by agreement of the parties pursuant to this Agreement in each class or type of service shall not be disregarded by the neutral in formulating his award covering a similar class or type service.
Section 4. Through Freight Service
(a) There shall be a 25% limitation on the elimination of cabooses in through freight (including converted through freight) service, except by agreement. The 25% limitation shall be determined on the basis of the average monthly number of trains (conductor trips) operated in through freight service during the calendar year 1981. Trains on which cabooses are not presently required by local agreements or arrangements shall not be included in such count, shall not be counted in determining the 25% limitation, and any allowance paid under such agreements or arrangements shall not be affected by this Article. A carrier's proposal to eliminate cabooses may, exceed the minimum number necessary to meet the 25% limitation. However, implementation of the arbitrator's decision shall be limited to such 25% and shall be instituted on the basis established below. In the event a carrier's proposal is submitted to arbitration, it shall be revised, if necessary, so that such proposal does not exceed 50% of the average monthly number of trains (conductor trips) operated in through freight service during the calendar year 1981.
(b) In the selection of through freight trains from which cabooses are to be eliminated, a carrier shall proceed on the basis of the following categories:
(i) trains that regularly operate with 35 cars or less;
(ii) trains that regularly operate with 70 cars or less which are scheduled to make no stops en route to pick up and/or set out cars;
(iii) trains that regularly operate with 70 cars or less which are scheduled to make no more than three stops en route to pick up and/or set out cars;
(iv) trains that regularly operate with 120 cars or less which are scheduled to make no stops en route to pick up and/or set out cars;
(v) trains that regularly operate with 120 cars or less which are scheduled to make no more than three stops en route to pick up and/or set out cars;
(vi) trains that regularly operate with more than 120 cars which are scheduled to make no stops en route to pick up and/or set out cars;
(vii) all other through freight trains.
(c) The implementation of the arbitrator's decision shall be phased in on the following basis: the carrier may immediately remove cabooses from onethird of the trains that may be operated without cabooses, another onethird may be removed thirty (30) days from the date of the arbitrator's decision and the final onethird sixty (60) days from the date of the arbitrator's decision.
Section 5. Purchase and Maintenance of Cabooses
In addition to the foregoing, a carrier shall not be required to purchase or place into service any new cabooses. A carrier shall not be required to send cabooses in its existing fleet through existing major overhaul programs nor shall damaged cabooses be required to undergo major repairs. However, all cabooses that remain in use must be properly maintained and serviced.
Section 6. Subsequent Notices
A carrier cannot again seek to eliminate a caboose on a train, run or assignment where the request has been denied in arbitration unless there has been a change in conditions warranting such resubmission. Conversely, where a carrier has eliminated a caboose on a train, run or assignment and the characteristics of that train, run or assignment are subsequently changed in a way that the General Chairman believes cause it to depart from the guidelines, he may propose restoration of the caboose and, if necessary, invoke binding arbitration.
Section 7. Penalty
If a train or yard ground crew has been furnished a caboose in accordance with existing agreement or practice on a train or assignment prior to the date of this Agreement and such train or assignment is operated without a caboose other than in accordance with the provisions of this Article or other local agreement or practice, the members of the train or yard ground crew will be allowed two hours' pay at the minimum basic rate of the assignment for which called in addition to all other earnings.
Section 8. Restrictions
The foregoing provisions are not intended to impose restrictions with respect to the elimination of cabooses or in connection with operations conducted without cabooses where restrictions did not exist prior to the date of this Agreement.
This Article shall become effective fifteen (15) days after the date of this Agreement.
ARTICLE XI STUDY COMMISSION
Section 1. Pursuant to the recommendations of Emergency Board No. 195 the parties signatory to this Agreement hereby establish a Study Commission consisting of three partisan members representing the carriers, three partisan members representing the United Transportation Union and a neutral member who shall be Chairman. The Chairman shall be selected by the partisan members within 30 days from the date of this Agreement. If the partisan members of the Commission cannot agree on the Chairman within such 30 days, the partisan members shall request the National Mediation Board to confer with the members and within 15 days of such request select a Chairman.
Section 2. The Commission is authorized and directed to investigate and consider in accordance with the recommendations of Emergency Board No. 195 the subject matters listed below:
Basis of pay and related alternatives
Initial and Final terminal delay
Air hose coupling
Engine exchange
Road/yard restrictions
Supplemental sick pay
Principles and procedures for stabilizing the pay structure of the operating crafts in response to earnings adjustments arising from crew consist agreements.
Section 3. The Commission shall promptly establish its operating procedures, including the formulation of a schedule designed to expedite and enhance the opportunity to reach agreement on all issues at the earliest possible date. The Chairman shall have authority to resolve any differences between the members with respect to determining the procedures under which it will operate, scheduling meetings and the priorities for consideration of the issues. In the event the Chairman is unable to continue his assignment or the partisan members unanimously concur that a successor should be appointed, the procedures set forth above shall be followed in selecting a replacement.
Section 4. In consultation with the members, the Chairman shall promptly establish a time table for negotiations between the parties on the issues submitted to the Commission. If, after 90 days from the date such negotiations begin, the parties have failed to reach agreement or demonstrate evidence of substantial progress in resolving the issues, the Chairman shall convene hearings on the matters in dispute and formulate substantive guidelines to further advance negotiations. The parties shall then negotiate within these guidelines for a period not to exceed 60 days.
Section 5. If, at the end of such 60 day period, agreement has not been reached on all issues, the Chairman shall make recommendations to the parties for disposing of all unresolved issues not later than December 1, 1983. While the recommendations of the Chairman shall not be considered final and binding, the parties affirm their good faith intentions to give, full consideration to ouch recommendations as a means of resolving such matters.
Section 6. The Study Commission shall terminate, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, 30 days from the date the recommendations have been made.
Section 7. If the parties are unable to resolve all of the issues covered thereby, either party may serve proposals within the framework of any such recommendations in accordance with the Railway Labor Act and the provisions of Article XIII, Section 2© of this Agreement.
ARTICLE XII LUMP SUM PAYMENT
In lieu of personal leave days, a lumpsum payment of $200.00 shall be made no later than the first payroll period ending in July, 1983 to employees covered by this Agreement who (a) have had an employment relationship with their employing carrier under the Agreement with the organization signatory hereto as of April 1, 1981, (b) have continued such employment relationship up to December 31, 1982 and © have performed compensated service under such Agreement during the period from April 1, 1981 to December 31, 1982.
There shall be no duplication of lumpsum payments by virtue of employment under an agreement with another organization.
An employee who otherwise meets all of the qualifications outlined above except that he did not have an employment relationship as of the dates specified above because he had been dismissed from service and such employee subsequently is or has been reinstated with seniority unimpaired will be considered eligible to receive the lumpsum payment.
The receipt of the lumpsum payment by an employee will not be considered a factor in connection with nor trigger any other benefit or compensation provided by agreement, such as health and welfare, vacations and guarantees.
ARTICLE XIII GENERAL PROVISIONS
This Agreement is subject to approval of the courts with respect to participating carriers in the hands of receivers or trustees.
(a) The purpose of this Agreement is to fix the general level of compensation during the period of the Agreement and is in settlement of the dispute growing out of the notices served upon the carriers listed in Exhibit A by the organization signatory hereto dated on or about February 2, 1981 and February 12, 1982, and the notices served on or about February 2, 1981 by the carriers for concurrent handling therewith.
(b) This Agreement shall be construed as a separate agreement by and on behalf of each of said carriers and their employees represented by the organization signatory hereto, and shall remain in effect through June 30, 1984 and thereafter until changed or modified in accordance with the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended.
(c) The parties to this Agreement shall not serve nor progress prior to January 1, 1984 (not to become effective before July 1, 1984) any notice or proposal for changing any matter contained in:
(1) this Agreement,
(2) Section 2© of Article XV of the Agreement of January 27, 1972, and
(3) proposals of the parties identified in Section 2(a) of this Article.
and any pending notices which propose such matters are hereby withdrawn.
(d) Pending notices and new proposals properly served under the Railway Labor Act covering subject matters not specifically dealt with in Section 2© of this Article and which do not request compensation may be progressed under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended.
(e) This Article will not bar management and committees on individual railroads from agreeing upon any subject of mutual interest.
SIGNED AT WASHINGTON, D.C. THIS 15th DAY OF OCTOBER, 1982.
Charles I. Hopkins, Jr. Fred A. Harden
C. F. Burch C. F. Christiansen
W. R. Denton G. Thomas DuBose
A. E. Egbers H. G. Kenyon
F. L. Elterman C. E. Wible
P. C. Jordan L. J. Wotaszak
C. E.Mervine, Jr.
T. C. Sheller
R. C. Steele, Jr.
Robert E. Upton
Mr. Fred A. Hardin
Dear Mr. Hardin:
This will confirm our understanding during the negotiations with respect to the provisions of Article X of the October 15, 1982 National Agreement concerning the elimination of cabooses.
It was the intention in referring to the number of cars in a train to avoid disputes, recognizing that the number of cars in a given train varies from day to day and from point to point on the same day as cars are added or set out. The number of cars stated in the Agreement refers to the usual number of cars in the train. As cars are added or subtracted en route it is not intended that there be disputes over the exact number of cars so long as the flexibility to add and subtract cars en route is exercised in line with normal operating practices and does not go beyond the intent of the Agreement or this letter.
It was further understood that the provisions of Article X shall not be cited by either party with respect to any negotiations concerning crew consist.
The purpose of the provision in the Agreement requiring a carrier to give notice describing the train or type of trains constituting the assignments on which it intends to eliminate cabooses is so that the General Chairman (or Chairmen) will be adequately informed in advance of any discussions with respect to this matter. Such other details as may be appropriate can, of course, be developed during such discussions. For example, we agreed that adequate notice would be one that stated that it was a carrier's intention to eliminate cabooses on all local freights operating between two specified points. On the other hand, where only certain trains in a common territory with other trains are identified, sufficient information would be given to identify the types of runs or assignments involved.
Finally, it is understood that the appropriate General Chairmen will be provided on a periodic basis relevant information concerning the number of cabooses the carrier has eliminated. If disputes arise concerning the propriety of the elimination of a caboose from any particular train, run or assignment, the carrier shall provide the information it relied upon in making its decision to eliminate such caboose.
Please indicate your concurrence by affixing your signature in the space provided below.
C. I. Hopkins, Jr.
I concur:
/s/ Fred A. Hardin
This will confirm our discussions during the negotiations of the October 15, 1982 National Agreement concerning the continuation of the Joint Interpretation Committee which was informally established following the execution of the August 25, 1978 National Agreement.
Through utilization of the Joint Interpretation Committee numerous questions concerning the application of that Agreement were resolved and the invocation of formal disputes procedures avoided.
Accordingly, with the view of continuing the success in this regard insofar as disputes involving the 1978 National Agreement are concerned and with the expectation that the same results can be achieved relative to disputes which may arise under the October 15, 1982 National Agreement, the Joint Interpretation Committee previously established shall continue to function through the term of the October 15, 1982 National Agreement and is authorized to consider questions of application of its provisions that may arise for the purpose of providing a uniform application of such provisions.
In particular, the parties have established a procedure providing for the elimination of cabooses in a goodfaith effort to follow the recommendations of Emergency Board No. 195. This procedure envisions a process that will be carried out on an individual railroad basis in accordance with the guidelines and procedures established under the National Agreement. In order that the intent of this provision be fulfilled, the Joint Interpretation Committee will review and attempt to resolve any issues that may arise concerning the implementation of this provision.
The Joint Committee shall consist of two representatives appointed by the organization and two representatives appointed by the National Carriers' Conference Committee.
If the above conforms with your understanding, please indicate by affixing your signature in the space provided below.
This will confirm our understanding that, for purposes of Article XII of the National Agreement dated October 15, 1982, any employee qualifying for the lumpsum payment shall receive $230.00 if the employee's first service performed on or after January 1, was as a locomotive engineer and the organization signatory hereto represented the craft of locomotive engineers as of that date.
This will confirm the understanding reached during the negotiations of the October 15, 1982 National Agreement that the Joint LaborManagement Committee on Physical Disqualification Procedures established pursuant to the provisions of Article XIV of the August 25, 1978 National Agreement shall be continued through the term of the October 15, 1982 National Agreement.
This will confirm our understanding reached in current negotiations that the moratorium provisions of the Agreement do not preclude the serving of local notices to correct conditions with respect to suitable lodging accommodations as provided in individual agreements; provided, however, that no such local notices will be served for the purpose of changing the amount of allowance being paid in lieu of lodging, nor the qualifying conditions for eligibility for away from home expenses.
This confirms our understanding that to the extent possible employees eligible for an additional week of vacation in 1982 because of the revisions provided for in Article III of this Agreement should be granted such additional vacation prior to the end of this calendar year. However, if the carrier is unable to grant this additional vacation benefit during the balance of this year, such employees shall be paid in lieu of that additional week of vacation.
This confirms our understanding reached during negotiations leading to the October 15, 1982 National Agreement that the carriers' withdrawal of their proposal with respect to entry rates is in recognition of the parties' understanding that the subject of entry rates is covered by the subject matters submitted to the Study Commission established pursuant to Article XI of this Agreement.
This confirms our understanding that the salary and expenses of the Chairman of the Study Commission, as provided for in Article XI, of the October 15, 1982 National Agreement, will be shared equally by the parties. Furthermore, it is agreed that this understanding will not constitute any precedent concerning the payment of neutrals by the parties for any other purpose.
In accordance with our understanding, this is to confirm that the carriers will make their best efforts to provide the retroactive wage increases in a single, separate check no later than sixty (60) days following ratification.
If a carrier finds it impossible to make the retroactive payments within sixty days, it is understood that such carrier will notify the General Chairmen in writing as to why such payments have not been made and indicate when it will be possible to make such retroactive payments.
It is further understood that such retroactive wage increases are due only to employees who (a) have performed service during the period covered by the retroactive wage increases and (b) have continued their employment relationship up to the date of this Agreement or have in the meantime either retired or died.
This is to confirm our understanding that the provisions of Article XIII of the October 15, 1982 National Agreement are not applicable to pending notices, or new notices which may be served, seeking to adjust compensation with respect to compensation relationships between train crews or firemen and engineers where compensation, regardless of how derived, has been changed for engineers because of a crew consist agreement.
Any organization notice served which meets these conditions may be progressed within, but not beyond, the specific procedures for peacefully resolving disputes which are provided for in the Railway Labor Act, as amended.
A committee shall be established by the Joint Policyholders consisting of an equal number of organization and carrier representatives for the purpose of continuing exploration of ways to contain or decrease the costs of maintaining the National Health and Welfare Plan without decreasing the benefits or services that the plan provides. In pursuing cost containment measures the committee will be authorized to obtain and/or develop whatever information is necessary in order to determine where the Plan is incurring unnecessary or excessive expenses. The committee shall make such recommendations as it deems appropriate for implementing any of its findings.
The committee is also authorized to investigate and recommend the implementation of new experimental programs on a community or other basis for the purpose of determining whether existing benefits can be provided in ways which may reduce costs to the Plan while at the same time preserving the services currently provided.
In addition, the committee may consider alternatives to the current Joint Policyholder arrangement, and consider submitting the Plan to competitive bidding; and in this process identify insurers that are fit and able to provide the services necessary in connection with the Plan, the selection criteria and the bid specifications.
This confirms our understanding that upon notification of ratification of the tentative national settlement reached today the parties will take such steps as necessary to withdraw without prejudice Civil Action No. 820278, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company v. United Transportation Union, currently pending before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
This will confirm our understanding that Article XII of the National Agreement dated October 15, 1982, providing a lumpsum payment in lieu of personal leave days, does not affect any local agreement on the subject of personal leave days.
RAILROADS REPRESENTED BY THE NATIONAL CARRIERS' C0NFERENCE COMMITTEE IN CONNECTION WITH NOTICES, DATED ON OR ABOUT FEBRUARY 2, 1981, OF DESIRE TO CHANGE EXISTING AGREEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH PROPOSITION IDENTIFIED AS UTU ATTACHMENT 1 (WAGES AND RULES), AND NOTICES, DATED ON OR ABOUT FEBRUARY 2, 1981, OF DESIRE TO CHANGE EXISTING AGREEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH PROPOSITION IDENTIFIED AS UTU ATTACHMENT 2 (HEALTH AND WELFARE), SERVED ON RAILROADS GENERALLY BY THE GENERAL CHAIRMEN, OR OTHER RECOGNIZED REPRESENTATIVES, OF THE UNITED TRANSPORTATION UNION (E), ©, (T) AND/OR (S), AND PROPOSALS SERVED BY THE CARRIERS FOR CONCURRENT HANDLING THEREWITH.
Subject to indicated footnotes, this authorization is coextensive with notices filed and with provisions of current schedule agreements applicable to employees represented by the United Transportation Union (E), ©, (T) and/or (S), as indicated by an "x" in the appropriate column(s) below:
Akron and Barberton Belt Railroad Company x x
Akron, Canton and Youngstown Railroad Company x x
Alameda Belt Line x x
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company x x x
Atlanta & Saint Andrews Bay Railway Company #-x #-x
Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad @-x @-x
*Boston and Maine Corporation !-x
Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal #-x
Burlington Northern, Inc. x x x x
Camas Prairie Railroad Company x x x x
Canadian National Railways -
Great Lakes Region, Lines in the United States x
St. Lawrence Region, Lines in the United States x
Canadian Pacific Limited #-x #-x
Central of Georgia Railway Company x x x x
Central Vermont Railway, Inc. #-x #-x
THE CHESSIE SYSTEM
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company 2x 3x 4x
Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad Company x x
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company x x x
Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad x x
Western Maryland Railway Company x x x
Chicago and Illinois Midland Railway Company x x
Chicago and North Western Transportation Company x x x
Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad Company x x
Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, LE x x x
Chicago, West Pullman and Southern Railroad Company x x
Colorado and Southern Railway Company x x
Columbia and Cowlitz Railway Company x x
Davenport, Rock Island and North Western Railway Co. x x
Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company x x x x
Des Moines Union Railway Company x x
Detroit and Toledo Shore Line Railway Company x x x
Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad Company x x
Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Company @-x @x @-x
Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway Company x x
Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company @-x
THE FAMILY LINES
Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Company x x x
Gainesville Midland Railroad Company #-x
Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company x x x
Clinchfield Railroad Company x x x x
Atlanta and West Point Railroad Company x x
The Western Railway of Alabama x x
Atlanta Joint Terminals x
Fort Worth and Denver Railway Company x x
Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad Company x x
Grand Trunk Western Railroad Company x x
Green Bay and Western Railroad Company @-x @-x
Houston Belt and Terminal Railway Company x
Illinois Central Gulf Railroad x x x
Illinois Terminal Railroad Company x x
Joint Texas Division of CRI&PFW&D Railway Company x x x
Kansas City Southern Railway Company x x
Kansas City Terminal Railway Company x x x
Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railroad Company x x
Lake Erie, Franklin & Clarion Railroad Company #-x #-x
Lake Superior Terminal and Transfer Railway Company x x
Lake Terminal Railroad Company @-1-x @-1-x
Longview, Portland and Northern Railway Company x
Los Angeles Junction Railway Company x x
Louisiana and Arkansas Railway Company 5-x x x
Maine Central Railroad Company x x x
Manufacturers Railway Company x x
McKeesport Connecting Railroad Company @-x
Meridian & Bigbee Railroad Company #-x #-x
Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway, Inc. x x
Minnesota, Dakota and Western Railway Company #x #-x
Minnesota Transfer Railway Company x x
Mississippi Export Railroad Company #x #-x
MissouriKansasTexas Railroad Company x x x
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company x x x x
Monongahela Railway Company x x
Montour Railroad Company x x
Newburgh and South Shore Railway Company @-1-x @-1-x
New Orleans Public Belt Railroad Company x x
New York Dock Railway #-x
Norfolk and Portsmouth Belt Line Railroad Company x
Norfolk and Western Railway Company x x x
Northwestern Pacific Railroad Company x x
Oakland Terminal Railway x
Ogden Union Railway and Depot Company x
Peoria and Pekin Union Railway Company x x
Pittsburgh & Shawmut Railroad Company x x
Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad Company x
Pittsburgh Chartiers & Youghiogheny Railway Company x x
Portland Terminal Railroad Company x
Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company 6-x 6-x
St. Joseph Terminal Railroad x x x
St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company x
Soo Line Railroad Company x x x
Southern Pacific Transportation Company -
Western Lines 7x x x 8x
Eastern Lines x x x x
Southern Railway Company x x x
Alabama Great Southern Railroad x x x x
Pacific Railway Company x x x
Georgia Southern and Florida Railway Company x x x
East St. Louis Terminal Company x x
Spokane International Railroad Company x x x
Texas Mexican Railway Company x x
Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad Company x x
Toledo Terminal Railroad Company x
Union Pacific Railroad Company x x x
Walla Walla Valley Railway Company x
Waterloo Railroad Company x
Western Pacific Railroad Company x x x
Yakima Valley Transportation Company x
Youngstown and Southern Railroad x
* - Subject to approval of the Courts.
# Authorization excludes negotiation of the organization's notice dated
February 2, 1981 of desire to change existing agreements to the extent
indicated in Attachment I thereto, and such proposals as were served by
the carrier for concurrent handling therewith.
@ Authorization excludes negotiation of the organization's notice dated
indicated in Attachment 2 thereto, and such proposals as were served by
! Authorization covering Attachment 1 of the organization's notice dated
February 2, 1981 and the carrier proposals is qualified to the extent they
are prohibited by Arbitration Award No. 387.
1 Authorization excludes negotiation of Item IX Early Retirement Major
Medical Expense Benefit of Attachment 1 served by the organization on
2 Authorization also covers former BR&P Territory, former Strouds Creek &
Muddlety Territory and Curtis Bay Railroad.
3 Authorization also covers former BR&P Territory and former Strouds Creek &
Muddlety Territory.
4 Authorization also covers former BR&P Territory and Curtis Bay Railroad.
5 Authorization excludes Hostlers at Deramus Yard, Louisiana.
6 Authorization excludes negotiation of Item VI Personal Leave of
Attachment 1 served by the organization on February 2, 1981.
7 Authorization also includes the former El Paso and Southwestern System and
8 Authorization also includes the former El Paso and Southwestern System.
FOR FOR THE
THE CARRIERS: UNITED TRANSPORTATION UNION:
/s/ C. I. Hopkins, Jr. /s/ Fred A. Hardin | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,917 |
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1987, Total Running Time 180 Minutes (6 x 30 Minutes)
This hard-hitting and sobering series sheds new light on why Australia always thought it was the "lucky country" and encourages viewers to confront the disturbing situation that exists now that our luck seems to be running out. It is also intended as a starting point for exploration of options for the future.
The series reveals the instrumental role of Australians in some of the most important inventions of this century and drives home the message that Australians never lacked the ability to develop world-standard technologies; they simply lacked the foresight and confidence to market them and reap the benefits. The series examines the machinery of Australia's innovation processes using archival footage, case studies and pertinent comparisons with other nations.
Cringe Dwellers, The Looks at Australian inventions - television, the torpedo, refrigeration and the motorised lawnmower - and how we have either failed to harness them, or allowed them to be stolen away by more resourceful countries.
Backward Frontier, The Looks at the history of Australian rural innovations, which improved rural productivity. However, by focusing on boosting our natural resources, Australians overlooked innovation in other areas such as manufacturing, thus losing important contracts to more resourceful overseas suppliers.
Desperately Seeking Solutions Turns to the areas of research and development in Australia, Japan and the USA. The comparisons highlight the "brain drain" out of Australia and give clues as to what Australian scientists have to do if they are to convert their pure research into moneymaking propositions on the international market.
Ordinary People Extraordinary Ideas Looks at the future of innovation for the average person with good ideas and shows ways in which inventions can be turned into viable products and successful enterprises.
Inventing the Future Looks at how Australians can set up new industries to compete successfully in an aggressive international market and appraises the new breed of entrepreneurs emerging on the scene.
Up the J Curve Examines the history of Australia's industrial decay and the problems now confronting Australian industry. It asks if this has been the fault of protectionism, unions or foreign interests. It points to the changes required for Australian industry to round the corner on the theoretical J curve.
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Serious neonatal morbidities are associated with differences in DNA methylation among very preterm infants
Todd M. Everson ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-45501,
T. Michael O'Shea2,
Amber Burt1,
Karen Hermetz1,
Brian S. Carter3,
Jennifer Helderman4,
Julie A. Hofheimer2,
Elisabeth C. McGowan5,
Charles R. Neal6,
Steven L. Pastyrnak7,
Lynne M. Smith8,
Antoine Soliman9,
Sheri A. DellaGrotta10,
Lynne M. Dansereau10,
James F. Padbury5,
Barry M. Lester5,10,11 &
Carmen J. Marsit1
Clinical Epigenetics volume 12, Article number: 151 (2020) Cite this article
Infants born very preterm are more likely to experience neonatal morbidities compared to their term peers. Variations in DNA methylation (DNAm) associated with these morbidities may yield novel information about the processes impacted by these morbidities.
This study included 532 infants born < 30 weeks gestation, participating in the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants study. We used a neonatal morbidity risk score, which was an additive index of the number of morbidities experienced during the NICU stay, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe brain injury, serious neonatal infections, and severe retinopathy of prematurity. DNA was collected from buccal cells at discharge from the NICU, and DNAm was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC. We tested for differential methylation in association with the neonatal morbidity risk score then tested for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and overrepresentation of biological pathways.
We identified ten differentially methylated CpGs (α Bonferroni-adjusted for 706,278 tests) that were associated with increasing neonatal morbidity risk scores at three intergenic regions and at HPS4, SRRD, FGFR1OP, TNS3, TMEM266, LRRC3B, ZNF780A, and TENM2. These mostly followed dose–response patterns, for 8 CpGs increasing DNAm associated with increased numbers of morbidities, while for 2 CpGs the risk score was associated with decreasing DNAm. BPD was the most substantial contributor to differential methylation. We also identified seven potential DMRs and over-representation of genes involved in Wnt signaling; however, these results were not significant after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing.
Neonatal DNAm, within genes involved in fibroblast growth factor activities, cellular invasion and migration, and neuronal signaling and development, are sensitive to the neonatal health complications of prematurity. We hypothesize that these epigenetic features may be representative of an integrated marker of neonatal health and development and are promising candidates to integrate with clinical information for studying developmental impairments in childhood.
Much progress has been made in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality among infants who are born very preterm (< 30 weeks of gestation). However, these neonates remain at risk for multiple serious medical complications, which often require extended stays in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These include bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe brain injury (SBI), severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and serious neonatal infections (INF). Even after recovering from these potentially serious health complications and being discharged from the NICU, these infants are at increased risk of having long-term neurodevelopmental impairments.
Schmidt et al. [1] showed that BPD, SBI, and severe ROP were each independently associated with poor 18-month outcomes, including cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, hearing loss, blindness, or death; importantly, they also showed that the additive accumulation of these morbidities was a strong predictor of impairment or death. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe gastrointestinal infection associated with prematurity, has also been identified as a predictor of developmental impairments in childhood [2]. The inclusion of neonatal infections and NEC into a cumulative neonatal morbidity risk score, along with BPD, SBI and ROP, improves the ability to predict impairment or death by 18 months of age [3]. These severe neonatal morbidities frequently co-occur among premature infants and have some shared risk factors and pathophysiology. For instance, preterm infants with severe BPD are more likely to have severe ROP compared to infants without BPD [4], and both of these health complications may be influenced by altered regulation of angiogenic and/or angiostatic factors [5]. Additionally, severe ROP tends to occur in infants that have brain injury and impaired mental and psychomotor development [6], which may be partly due to prenatal and neonatal infections and prolonged inflammatory responses [7, 8].
We hypothesized that these neonatal morbidities may be related to underlying differences in developmental regulation or disruptions of other biological processes, which may be encoded in DNA methylation (DNAm). DNAm is an epigenetic mechanism for regulating gene expression potential that is not due to alterations in the DNA sequence, which can be heritable across cellular divisions, and typically occur at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs. Infants who are born preterm have different DNAm patterns when compared to term infants [9,10,11,12] and some of these differences appear to persist into adulthood [9, 12]. Additionally, in preterm infants alterations in DNAm have been associated with sepsis [13], pain-related stress [14, 15], a potential moderator of serotonergic tone and temperament [16], and neurobehavioral responses [17]. Thus, variations in neonatal DNAm may serve as a blueprint linking preterm birth, the health complications that these infants experience, and some of the persistent developmental impairments for which they are at heightened risk.
In this study, we examined the relationships between the cumulative impact of serious neonatal morbidities experienced during NICU stay, including BPD, SBI, INF, and severe ROP, on DNAm measured at NICU discharge; we focus on this set of serious health complications because these are also risk factors for persistent impairments later in childhood [1, 3]. We hypothesize that even after these neonatal morbidities have resolved, infants likely have varying degrees of prematurity and impairment which may be reflected in their epigenetic profiles, and since prematurity has systemic effects on multiple organ systems throughout the body, this can be detected in peripheral tissues. The identification of an epigenetic signal that associates with the cumulative impact of multiple neonatal morbidities can provide unique insights into the processes that either contribute to, or are affected by, these severe health complications. We performed this analysis within the ongoing Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants (NOVI) Study. Our long-term aims are to test whether integrating these epigenetic data with clinical data can improve the focus of interventions on infants at highest risk for persistent neurodevelopmental impairments later in childhood.
The Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants (NOVI) Study was conducted at nine university-affiliated NICUs from April 2014 through June 2016 who were also Vermont Oxford Network (VON) participants. All participating mothers provided written informed consent. Enrollment and consent procedures for this study were approved by local institutional review boards. Inclusion criteria included: (1) birth at < 30 weeks gestational age; (2) parental ability to read and speak English or Spanish; and (3) residence within 3 h of the NICU and follow-up clinic. Gestation estimates to determine birth < 30 weeks gestational age were based on the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study criteria [18, 19]. Exclusion criteria included maternal age < 18 years, maternal cognitive impairment, infants with major congenital anomalies, maternal death, or infant death in the NICU [20, 21]. Parents of eligible infants were invited to participate in the study when infant survival was deemed likely by the attending neonatologist.
Maternal interviews were performed to collect demographic information such as age, race and ethnicity, and educational attainment, while the Hollingshead Index was used to assess socioeconomic status (SES) with a Hollingshead level V indicating low SES [22]. Infant medical records were reviewed to collect birthweight, gestational age, length of NICU stay, whether the newborn was outborn, and diagnoses of neonatal morbidities described in detail below. Outborn refers to infants that were born in a hospital without subspecialty providers of neonatal intensive care and were transferred, almost always on the day of birth, to a tertiary center for subspecialty care. Gestational age was estimated using the highest quality of available information: first using the dates of embryo retrieval or intrauterine insemination, then using fetal ultrasound, then using date of last menstrual period (LMP), and finally assigned by attending neonatologist in the absence of the above information. Postmenstrual age (PMA) is used to describe the age preterm infants during their time in the NICU and is defined as the combination of gestational age at birth plus the length of NICU stay. Buccal cells were collected for epigenomic analyses during the week of discharge from the NICU (± 3 days); thus, PMA at buccal swab collection represents the combination of gestational age at birth plus the length of NICU stay (± 3 days). Overall, 704 infants were enrolled and buccal cells were collected on 624 of these infants for epigenomic screening.
NICU neonatal morbidities
Trained personnel at each site reviewed medical records and used Vermont-Oxford Network (VON) definitions and criteria [20] to collect information about infections, grades of ROP, and neonatal BPD through the time of discharge from the NICU. Infections included sepsis, defined as recovery of a bacterial pathogen from blood culture, and NEC, defined as having one or more of the following clinical signs: bilious gastric aspirate or emesis, abdominal distention, and occult or gross blood in stool not attributable to an anal fissure and one or more of the following radiographic signs: pneumatosis intestinalis, hepato-biliary gas, and pneumoperitoneum. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common and serious forms of chronic lung disease among preterm infants, which is defined by the level of respiratory assistance required at 36 weeks PMA and can be categorized into different levels of severity (mild/moderate/severe) [23]. BPD was defined as requiring supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks PMA. For this study, any BPD regardless of severity was included in the neonatal morbidity risk score. Ascertainment of severe brain injury was based on cranial ultrasounds. When available, two ultrasound examinations were considered for each study participant; an "early" ultrasound, typically performed within a week of postnatal day 7, and a "late" ultrasound, typically performed between 36 weeks PMA and discharge. Criteria for SBI were similar to those used by Bassler et al. [3] and included parenchymal echodensity (PED), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and moderate to severe ventricular dilation (VDIL) with or without intraventricular hemorrhage.
Cranial ultrasounds were performed using high-frequency transducers with six standard quasi-coronal views and five para-sagittal views. Ultrasounds were read initially as part of routine clinical care and were read subsequently by a NOVI Study neuro-radiologist who classified observations according to criteria developed for the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) study [24]. A third reading, by a NOVI Study neuro-radiologist, was performed if there was disagreement between the initial and the second readings, regarding the presence of one or more of the following: PED, PVL, or moderate to severe VDIL. Ultrasound abnormalities were classified as present if identified by at least two readers [25].
We calculated an adaptation of Bassler et al.'s validated [3] cumulative neonatal morbidity risk score by adding the number of neonatal health complications, including BPD, severe ROP, SBI, and culture-confirmed infection [3] that each infant experienced during their stay in the NICU. Due to very small numbers of infants experiencing all four morbidities, we combined those that experienced three or four morbidities into a single group, resulting in four possible levels for the risk score of 0, 1, 2, or 3 + .
DNA methylation (DNAm) measurement, quality control, and preprocessing
DNA extraction was performed with the Isohelix Buccal Swab system (Boca Scientific). DNA was quantified with the Qubit Fluorometer (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), then aliquoted into standardized concentrations (~ 500 ng/uL) to allow for a total mass of 500 ng of DNA to undergo bisulfite modification and array analysis. The samples were randomly distributed across 96-well plates, rows, and chips to reduce the potential for batch effects. The Emory University Integrated Genomics Core performed bisulfite modification using the EZ DNA Methylation Kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA) and measured DNAm throughout the genome with the Illumina MethylationEPIC Beadarray (Illumina, San Diego, CA) following the manufacturer's protocol. Samples with more than 5% of probes yielding detection p values > 1.0E−5 (74 samples), with mismatch between reported and predicted sex (7 samples), or incomplete covariate data (11 samples) were excluded. Functional normalization and beta-mixture quantile (BMIQ) normalization were performed [26], then probes on the X and Y chromosomes, those that had single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the binding region, those that could cross-hybridize to other regions of the genome [27], or probes that had low variability (range of beta-values < 0.05) [28] were excluded. After exclusions, 706,278 probes were available from 532 samples. The methylation data are publicly accessible through NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) via accession series GSE128821.
Estimates of tissue heterogeneity
We estimated the proportions of epithelial, fibroblast, and immune cells in our buccal samples using reference methylomes [29]. As demonstrated in our prior work, epithelial cells made up 95.7% of the cells in 95% of our samples, while immune cells made up the majority of the remaining cell types [30]. The proportions of individual immune cell subtypes were strongly inversely correlated with the proportions of epithelial cells, and very few samples had any estimated fibroblasts. Thus, we adjusted for cellular heterogeneity by including the proportions of epithelial cells as covariates in our statistical models. We also performed a sensitivity analysis to test whether the results were consistent after additionally adjusting for all immune cell proportions.
Confounding variables
We used a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and supporting literature to demonstrate the potential confounders, cellular heterogeneity, and batch effects that needed to be adjusted for in our study (Additional file 1: Figure S1). Others have shown that the neonatal morbidities included in this risk score are more common among males [31], those who were outborn [32, 33], and those with shorter gestation [34, 35]. Similarly, differences in DNAm have been associated with sex differences [36], gestational age and preterm birth [37, 38], and outborn status may capture a number of factors that we hypothesize could contribute to differences in DNA methylation, including delays in receiving treatment and care [39]. Thus, gestational age, outborn, and sex are traditional confounders. While samples were randomized across the array to reduce bias related to batch, we additionally adjusted for a categorical batch variable to ensure that batch effects were adequately controlled for, and it is well recognized that cellular heterogeneity should be estimated and controlled for in epigenomic studies using cellular mixtures [29]. In all models, we adjusted for sex, whether the newborn was outborn (delivery occurred at a health care facility and then transferred to the NICU where enrollment in NOVI occurred), gestational age at birth (in weeks), the proportion of estimated epithelial cells, recruitment site (6-level factor), and batch (7-level factor).
Statistical analyses: R packages
All statistical analyses were performed in R version 3.6.1. Robust linear regressions were carried out using the MASS package, robust standard errors were estimated using the sandwich package, and partial residual plots were produced with the visreg package. Manhattan and QQ plots were produced with the qqman package, and inverse-variance weighted fixed effects meta-analyses were performed with the metafor package.
Statistical analyses: identification of PMA-associated CpGs
Prior to performing an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to identify the relationships between the neonatal morbidity risk scores and buccal cell DNAm, we explored the interrelationships between gestational age, PMA at buccal swab collection, and the risk score (Additional file 1: Figure S2). Buccal cell collection was performed close to NICU discharge and infants with more health complications typically required longer stays in the NICU. Thus, cumulative neonatal morbidity risk score and PMA at buccal swab collection are strongly correlated in our data; additionally, the number of morbidities was inversely correlated with gestational age at birth (Additional file 1: Figure S3). There is a well-recognized relationship between DNAm and aging [40], and thus, we were concerned that many of the CpGs that we identify in association with the neonatal morbidities might solely be associated with neonatal aging metrics rather than the upstream exposure of the risk score. Gestational age is likely a cause of both increasing numbers of neonatal health complications and of differential DNAm and is thus a traditional confounder that can be statistically adjusted for in our models. However, because PMA at buccal swab collection is a consequence of the exposure and cannot cause the health complications, it is not a traditional confounder and including this variable in our all of our EWAS models may result in over-adjustment [41]. To deal with this issue, we first performed an analysis aimed at identifying the CpG sites that were associated with PMA at buccal swab collection that were not driven by the antecedent neonatal morbidities. To do this, we stratified our data by level of the neonatal morbidity risk score (those with 0, 1, 2, or 3 + morbidities) and performed separate EWAS within each of these strata. DNAm was regressed on PMA at buccal swab collection, while adjusting for sex, outborn, site, batch, and epithelial cell proportions; due to the small sample size in the stratum with 3 + complications (n = 28), site and batch were not included in the models for this stratum. We then performed inverse-variance weighted fixed effects meta-analyses to estimate the average effect of PMA at buccal swab collection on DNAm across all levels of the neonatal morbidity risk score. Those CpGs that yielded meta-analysis p values < 0.05 were determined to be potential surrogate markers of PMA, independent of the neonatal health complications. For these CpGs, weeks of PMA at the time of buccal cell collection were included as an additional adjustment covariate in the EWAS for the risk score described below. CpGs that did not associate with PMA in the meta-analysis were modeled without including PMA at buccal swab collection as a covariate to avoid over-adjustment.
Statistical analyses: epigenome-wide associations study (EWAS) for neonatal morbidity risk score
We tested for linear associations between DNAm and increasing neonatal morbidity risk scores by regressing DNAm (dependent variable) at each CpG site on the risk score as a continuous variable (range of 0–3), while adjusting for sex, whether the infant was outborn, GA at birth (weeks), recruitment site, batch (plate), and proportions of epithelial cells. Among those CpGs that were determined to be potential surrogate markers of PMA, weeks of PMA at buccal swab collection were included as an additional covariate. QQ-plots and Manhattan plots were produced to summarize the overall EWAS findings. To account for multiple testing, we implemented a false discovery rate (FDR) of 10% to determine which CpGs should be reported in the supplemental materials and Bonferroni adjustment (α = 0.05/706,278) to determine the statistically significant associations from our EWAS. We then examined the associations with risk score as 4-level factor variable to estimate the average differences in DNAm associated with each level of the risk score (1, 2, or 3 +) when compared to infants that experienced none of the neonatal morbidities. To assess whether the factor-level coefficients for differential DNAm increased in magnitude as the neonatal morbidity risk score increased, we compared the regression coefficients for 1, 2, or 3 + complications against each other via scatter plots for all CpGs that were significant at the FDR 10% threshold.
Statistical analyses: identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs)
We then used DMRff to search for differentially methylated regions [42]. Candidate regions were identified by specifying a maximum distance between individually differentially methylated CpGs (maxgap) to be 1500 bp and required a minimum p value (p.cutoff) of at least 0.001 from the EWAS. The dmrff function estimates regional differential methylation within these candidate regions using an extension of inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis on the parameter estimates and standard errors from the EWAS, for those CpGs within the candidate regions. Regional test-statistics as well as raw and adjusted p values are calculated, and the adjusted p values track closely with the EWAS-level Bonferroni-corrected p values. Due to the greedy selection through which candidate regions are identified, an FDR adjustment of the raw DMR p values may be inappropriate. Thus, we selected all DMRs that produced a regional p values less than or equal to the largest p value that was within the 10% FDR threshold, from the CpG-by-CpG EWAS, to report in the supplemental materials. We considered those DMRs with adjusted p values < 0.05 to be statistically significant.
Statistical analyses: differential DNAm associated with individual neonatal morbidities
To examine whether individual health complications were driving the majority of the epigenetic responses at these CpGs, we then produced models without the neonatal morbidity risk score, but instead with factor variables for BPD (any versus none), SBI (any versus none), INF (any versus none), and ROP (any versus none), while adjusting for the same confounders that were included in the EWAS; again weeks of PMA at buccal swab collection was included as a covariate for CpGs that were previously identified as potential surrogate markers of PMA. For these analyses, all four morbidities were included in the same models together, to assess whether DNAm at some of these CpGs was more affected by specific health complications. We used Venn diagrams to show the relative contribution of each individual morbidities to differential methylation at these CpGs and to demonstrate the overlap in statistically significant associations for each health complication.
Statistical analyses: over-representation of genes in biological pathways
To gain insights into the biological functions of the genes associated with the CpGs we identified, we performed over-representation analyses with methylGSA, which accounts for the number of CpGs annotated to each gene [43]. We tested for over-representation of biological pathways among the CpGs that were associated with the neonatal morbidity risk scores at an FDR of 10%.
Characteristics of the study population
Infants in the NOVI sample for whom DNAm data and composite neonatal morbidity risk scores were available (N = 532), had high prevalence (n = 319, 60.0%) of experiencing at least one of the four neonatal morbidities (BPD, SBI, INF, or ROP), while a small subset of these infants experienced three or more of these morbidities (n = 28, 5.3%) (Table 1). The most common health complication in our sample was BPD (273, 51%), with severe ROP being least common (34, 6.4%). As expected, infants with increasing numbers of complications were more likely to be outborn, tended have shorter gestational ages at birth and increased PMA at buccal swab collection (p value < 0.001), while risk scores also differed by recruitment site (p value = 0.001) as well as maternal race and ethnicity (p value = 0.05) (Table 1).
Table 1 Distribution of demographic characteristics, neonatal morbidities and maternal/fetal characteristics of the study population overall and stratified by composite neonatal morbidity risk scores; ANOVA and χ2 tests were used to assess differences in characteristics across the levels of risk scores
Identification of PMA-associated CpGs
Infants with more health complications tended to have longer stays at the NICU and thus had increased PMA at the time of buccal swab collection and age metrics can have strong associations with DNAm. Thus, we aimed to limit the chances of us detecting CpGs that were surrogate markers of PMA at the time of buccal swab collection when we performed an EWAS of the neonatal morbidity risk score. To do this, we first performed an EWAS of PMA at buccal cell collection to identify those CpGs that are associated with aging, independent of the risk scores. We identified a very substantial epigenetic signal for weeks of PMA at buccal swab collection with 13,034, 85,837, and 142,580 CpGs being associated with PMA at various thresholds of statistical significance: Bonferroni correction, FDR of 10%, and raw p values < 0.05, respectively (Additional file 11 Figure S4). For the 142,580 CpGs yielding even modest evidence of an association with PMA, we chose to include PMA in the EWAS models of neonatal morbidity risk scores. On the other hand, we were not concerned about DNAm being a potential surrogate marker of PMA at buccal cell collection for the other 563,698 CpGs, and thus, PMA at buccal swab collection was not included as a covariate for those CpGs in the EWAS.
Epigenome-wide associations study (EWAS) for composite neonatal morbidity risk score
We then performed an EWAS to identify the average differences in DNAm for the cumulative increase in the number of health complications that the infants experienced in the NICU; all models were adjusted for sex, gestational age, outborn, batch, and proportions of epithelial cells, while PMA (weeks) at buccal collection was adjusted for the CpGs described above. We identified ten CpGs that were differentially methylated in association with the neonatal morbidity risk scores after Bonferroni adjustment (Table 2) which will be referred to as the genome-wide significant CpGs from this point forward. Additionally, 125 CpGs produced associations within a 10% FDR (Fig. 1 and Additional file 1: Figure S5 and Additional file 2: Excel Table E1); these 125 CpGs were included in all subsequent analyses and all results for these CpGs are reported in the supplemental materials. Among the genome-wide significant results, three CpGs were intergenic including the most statistically significant association (cg09787236 on 6q13; p value = 3.82E−09), while the other seven CpGs were annotated to HPS4, SRRD, FGFR1OP, TNS3, TMEM266, LRRC3B, ZNF780A and TENM2. The only genome-wide significant CpG that was also identified as a potential marker of PMA was cg26838315 (10q21.1). This CpG exhibited the largest magnitude of effect for an increase in the risk score (β1 = 0.042; p value = 4.64E−08), which can be interpreted as an average increase in DNAm of 4.2% for each increase in the number of neonatal morbidities, after adjusting for confounders and PMA at buccal swab collection. Interestingly, PMA was associated with lower levels of DNAm at this CpG (β1 = − 0.007; p value = 0.00023). Thus, DNAm at cg26838315 is lower with neonatal aging, while having more neonatal morbidities, which results in an extended length of stay in the NICU, was associated with increasing levels of DNAm. We performed a sensitivity analyses to examine whether additional adjustment for immune cell proportions attenuated our findings for these 10 CpGs and found that these additional adjustments had no impact on our findings (Additional file 2: Excel Table E2).
Table 2 CpG-specific associations between DNAm with a linear increase in composite neonatal morbidity risk score, adjusted for gestational age at birth (weeks), sex, whether the infant was outborn, the proportion of epithelial cells, recruitment site, batch, and PMA (weeks) where appropriate; the beta coefficient represents the average difference in DNA methylation for each increase in the number of morbidities that the infant experienced (BPD, SBI, ROP, or infection); gene annotations verified in UCSC Genome Browser (hg19)
Volcano plot a of the beta coefficients and − log10(p values) from the epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) (blue = FDR < 10%; red = Bonferroni), and a Manhattan plot b of the genomic distribution of these results with gene names annotated to those CpGs that passed the Bonferroni threshold
We then performed secondary analyses to assess whether the relationship between DNAm and the neonatal morbidity risk scores was in fact linear or following a dose–response pattern. Thus, we characterized the average differential methylation associated with each level of the risk score versus those infants that did not experience any of BPD, SBI, INF, or ROP, again using linear models with the same adjustment for covariates but this time including the risk score as a 4-level factor with a score of zero as the referent group (Additional file 2: Excel Table E3). We used scatter plots of the magnitudes of differential methylation (reference score = 0) at each CpG to show that a risk score of 2 produced a greater amount of differential DNAm, compared to a risk score of 1, for almost all CpGs; and for most CpGs (72%), a risk score of 3 + produced greater differential methylation than the risk score of 2 (Additional file 1: Figure S6). Thus, the majority of the signal that we observed was predominantly driven by a dose response relationship and not heavily driven by a single level of the neonatal morbidity risk scores. These dose–response patterns were also apparent among the ten genome-wide significant CpGs, although for two of these CpGs (cg09787236 and cg26838316) the highest level of the risk score (3 +) did not fit this pattern (Fig. 2).
Partial residual plots of the estimated average DNAm levels (dark grey lines) within each level of the neonatal morbidity risk score, adjusted for sex, gestational age at birth, outborn, recruitment site, batch, proportions of epithelial cells, and PMA (weeks) were appropriate, for the top 10 CpGs from the EWAS
Identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs)
We then tested for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using DMRff, which performs a modified meta-analysis on the EWAS parameter estimates for differential methylation at the CpGs within candidate regions that are defined by genomic proximity [42]. We allowed for a maximum distance of 1500 bp between individually differentially methylated CpGs. Only those individual CpG sites from the EWAS with a p value < 0.001 were considered differentially methylated. Using these criteria, 1744 candidate regions were present and 25 DMRs with at least two differentially methylated CpGs were identified. None of these DMRs exhibited significant regional differential methylation at the Bonferroni-adjusted threshold; seven DMRs did produce regional p values that were equal to or less than the largest p value from the EWAS that was within an FDR 10% (Table 3).
Table 3 Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) containing at least two CpGs, with an estimated regional change in DNAm of at least 1% for each increase in the neonatal morbidity risk score and yielding a DMR p value < 0.0001
Differential DNAm associated with individual neonatal morbidities
We then evaluated whether the observed associations between DNAm and the cumulative neonatal morbidity risk scores were being driven by any individual health complication. We regressed DNAm on dichotomous indicator variables for BPD, SBI, INF, and ROP (all four included in the model), while adjusting for the same confounding variables that were included in the EWAS (Additional file 2: Excel Table E4). We found that DNAm levels at almost all CpGs were associated (p value < 0.05) with BPD (89.6%), followed by SBI (45.6%), INF (44.8%), and ROP (20.0%). Additionally, 23 CpGs were associated solely with BPD when all four complications were in the model, while only five, one, and zero CpGs were solely associated with INF, SBI, and ROP, respectively (Additional file 1: Figure S7). We also found that levels of differential methylation associated with each of the health complications were highly correlated with the level of differential methylation associated with an increase in one for the neonatal morbidity risk score (Additional file 1: Figure S8). These same patterns of association for the individual health complications were also captured by the ten genome-wide significant CpGs from our EWAS (Table 4 and Fig. 3), with BPD appearing to be the predominant driver of the epigenetic signal from the risk score. However, it is also important to point out that SBI, INF, and/or ROP explained differences in DNAm at many of these CpGs, including all genome-wide significant CpGs, even when BPD was included in the model. Thus, the differences in DNAm that we detected are not merely capturing the effects of BPD, but instead may be reflecting a more integrated marker of neonatal health.
Table 4 CpG-specific associations between DNAm with BPD, SBI, INF and ROP (all were included in the model) while adjusting for gestational age at birth (weeks), sex, whether the infant was outborn, the proportion of epithelial cells, recruitment site, batch, and PMA (weeks) where appropriate; the beta coefficient represents the average difference in DNA methylation for infants that experienced that morbidity in the NICU, relative to those that did not, while adjusting for the other health complications included in the neonatal morbidity risk score
Circular bar plots of the estimated average differences in DNAm levels associated with BPD (green), SBI (orange), INF (blue), and ROP (pink), adjusted for sex, gestational age at birth, outborn, recruitment site, batch, proportions of epithelial cells, and PMA (weeks) where appropriate, for the top 10 CpGs from the EWAS; all four morbidities were included in the models, and thus, the size of each quadrant represents the relative magnitude of the difference in DNAm for each morbidity; morbidities that were differentially methylated (p-values < 0.05) while adjusting for all other morbidities are indicated with an asterisk (*)
Over-representation of genes in biological pathways
We explored the biological activities of the gene sets that were most strongly associated with the neonatal morbidity risk scores. None of the identified pathways were significantly enriched after adjustment for multiple testing and only three pathways were enriched at a significance level of p value < 0.10, including Cushing syndrome (hsa:04934), Wnt signaling pathway (hsa:04310), and Oxytocin signaling pathway (hsa:04921). We considered that our gene set, which only included 125 CpGs, may be underpowered to detect enrichment and thus relaxed the significance threshold to FDR levels of 15% (243 CpGs), 20% (375 CpGs), and 25% (549 CpGs) and then reran the enrichment analyses. Only one pathway was nominally enriched for (p value < 0.05) in all three of these analyses, the Wnt signaling pathway (hsa:04,310) from which our CpGs included 7 genes (p value = 0.049), 9 genes (p value = 0.0032), and 11 genes (p value = 0.0049) for the FDR cutoffs of 15%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. However, again, none of these p values were statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing.
Summary of results
In summary, cumulative neonatal morbidities were strongly associated with increasing DNAm at eight CpGs and decreasing DNAm at two CpGs (α adjusted for 706,278 tests). These relationships were largely linear and followed dose–response patterns, demonstrating the robustness of these associations. Additionally, nine of these ten CpGs were associated with more than one neonatal health complication, when all complications were included as dichotomous variables within the same model. Thus, the differences in DNAm that we detected were not being driven by any single complication, but instead may represent a more integrated marker of prematurity or neonatal health.
In a cohort of infants that were born very preterm (< 30 weeks gestation), we identified a DNAm signature associated with increasing numbers of neonatal morbidities at specific CpG sites in three intergenic regions on 6q22.33, 6q13, and 10q21.1, and within the genes, HPS4, SRRD, FGFR1OP, TNS3, TMEM266, LRRC3B, ZNF780A, and TENM2. Additionally, we observed evidence of regional differences in DNAm at BIN1, MMP9, FGF23, LINC01603, FLJ45983 and two intergenic regions, although these regional differences did not meet the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold. Among the four complications included in the neonatal morbidity risk score, BPD appeared to be the primary driver of the epigenetic responses. However, SBI, INF, and/or ROP were associated with differential methylation at all of the genome-wide significant CpG sites in addition to BPD. Thus, these epigenetic differences may be related to common processes that either contribute to, or are affected by, these severe neonatal health complications.
Among these 13 genes, some common biological processes were represented. For instance two CpG sites were within genes, TNS3 and FGFR1OP, that can interact with and potentially influence the function of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and which has previously been observed in cases of developmental disorder and myeloproliferative disorder, respectively [44, 45]. One DMR was within FGF23, which has pleiotropic effects on multiple processes, including metabolism of phosphate, calcium and sodium, bone mineralization [46, 47]. FGF23 does appear to be highly expressed in the neonatal period [48, 49], and as a family, FGFs have extensive roles during embryonic development in processes related to organogenesis, such as proliferation and differentiation [50]. Additionally, FGFs are significant angiogenic factors [51, 52] and dysregulation of angiogenic processes are thought to contribute to the development of some of these neonatal health complications [5]. LRRC3B and MMP9 have been associated with mechanisms of cellular proliferation, invasion, and cell cycle regulation [53, 54], and interestingly, LRRC3B has been shown to inhibit the expression of MMP9 in one study [55]. TMEM266 produces a functional voltage sensor at synapses in the cerebellum and thus may play important roles of neuronal signaling [56, 57] while TENM2 appears to be involved in neuronal growth and migration [58]. BIN1 has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases [59] and may be involved in neuronal function [60]. The potential roles that these genes play in the neonatal period are not well described, and it is not clear if buccal cell DNAm patterns at these genes are reflective of DNAm patterns at these same genes in neuronal, respiratory, and immune cells. However, our data suggest that cellular process related to fibroblast growth factor activities, cellular proliferation and invasion, and neural development and signaling may be sensitive to severe neonatal morbidities in infants that are born very preterm.
While our study focused on epigenetic variation that is associated with the burden of multiple neonatal morbidities in very preterm infants, other studies have previously shown that preterm birth itself is associated with differential DNAm in several different tissues, including placenta [61], neonatal blood [9,10,11], and neonatal saliva [37]. Many of the CpG sites that have been associated with preterm birth in these prior studies are within genes that are involved in neuronal development and/or neurodegenerative disorders, and we have previously found that neonatal neurobehavioral responses in preterm infants are associated with differences in DNAm [30]. Furthermore, some of the CpGs associated with preterm birth have been shown to be differentially methylated in adult blood, suggesting that DNAm could potentially mediate some of the long-term health consequences that are associated with prematurity [9, 12]. Our findings provide supporting evidence that neonatal DNAm in preterm infants may inform future health outcomes by identifying epigenetic variation associated with neonatal morbidities, BPD, SBI, INF, and ROP, which are predictive of persistent developmental impairments [1, 3].
In summary, we identified a robust epigenetic signature of neonatal health complications at a genome-wide significance threshold that exhibited dose response relationships with the neonatal morbidity risk score and occurred within genes whose epigenetic dysregulation could plausibly be related to future developmental outcomes. However, we also want to stress some of the limitations of this analysis, including potential residual confounding, lack of independent replication and lack of access to ideal target tissues. There is likely measurement error for some of our different age metrics (gestational age and PMA), since the date of conception was estimated using the best information available, but gold standard assessments were not available for many of our newborns; thus, there may be some residual confounding from these age metrics. Due to the uniqueness of our sample of very preterm infants (< 30 weeks of gestation), we are not aware of an independent population with neonatal buccal cell DNAm data within which to perform a replications analysis. Additionally, although DNAm was measured in a peripheral tissue, target tissues related to these health complications are mostly inaccessible for observational studies of living children. Buccal cells, on the other hand, are one of the most accessible tissues for studies of children [62] and have been suggested to be one of the preferred surrogate tissues for epigenetic studies of psychiatric and neurobehavioral outcomes [63,64,65]. It is possible that the observed differences in DNAm could be correlated with relevant biological process affected by prematurity or represent surrogate indicator of prematurity and thus may be predictive of future health consequences even if they are not causally involved in those pathological processes. Additionally, we used a cumulative risk index to assess the impact of multiple neonatal morbidities, rather than performing separate EWAS analyses of each morbidity independently. This approach reduced the multiple testing burden that would have been necessary for testing each morbidity separately. However, by focusing on this risk index, we likely did not capture all of the epigenetic responses that may be related to these specific morbidities. Future studies could test for differential DNAm associated specifically with SBI, BPD, ROP, and neonatal infections, or with other impairments that were not included in our analyses. Despite these limitations, our results provide evidence regarding the impact of neonatal morbidities among very preterm infants on the early-life epigenome and provide promising candidates for future studies of epigenetic predictors of neurodevelopmental impairment.
We observed differences of 1–4% methylation, for each unit increase in morbidity risk score, and when comparing those with 3 + morbidities to those with no morbidities, the largest differences were around 9% (at cg26838315 and cg24517837). These effect sizes, while small on the absolute scale, are consistent with what is observed in other epidemiologic studies of DNA methylation and children's health [66]. We should be cautious in interpreting small differences in DNA methylation and the potential functional consequences of those differences. However, it is important to emphasize that our study, and most epidemiologic studies, measures DNA methylation from tissue samples that are composed of many cells. Thus, for a given CpG site, the beta-value (percent DNAm) represents the proportion of alleles, across many cells, where that CpG was methylated. However, within an individual cell, a CpG is either methylated or unmethylated. Thus, a "small" difference in percent DNAm at a particular CpG is likely representative of a subpopulation of cells with a different methylation state at that genomic location. Because DNAm can be inherited across cellular divisions, these differences may be representative of prior exposures or events and they may persist with growth and aging. Important future research should investigate whether these differences in DNAm persist, amplify, or attenuate as these children age, and whether these dynamics are related to differences in neurodevelopmental impairments. We aim to investigate such DNAm dynamics in relation to these outcomes with future studies in this ongoing longitudinal cohort of babies that were born very preterm.
In summary, the serious neonatal morbidities experienced by infants that are born very preterm appear to leave a signature on the epigenome at the time that those infants are discharged from the NICU. While BPD was the most substantial driver of this epigenetic signature, all of these health complications of prematurity contributed to the observed differential methylation. Additionally, these epigenetic variations occur within genes involved in developmental processes. Thus, we hypothesize that these epigenetic features may be representative of an integrated marker of neonatal health and development and should be considered as potential candidates for future studies of developmental impairments in children who were born premature. Our ongoing work in NOVI aims to examine whether these differences in DNAm persist with aging and to integrate these epigenetic data with clinical information to test whether the inclusion of epigenetic information can improve predictions about neurodevelopmental impairments in childhood.
The raw and processed DNAm data are publicly accessible through NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) via accession series GSE128821.
BPD:
DMR:
DNAm:
INF:
Serious neonatal infections
NEC:
Necrotizing enterocolitis
NICU:
Neonatal intensive care unit
NOVI:
Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants Study
ROP:
Severe retinopathy of prematurity
SBI:
Severe brain injury
SBC:
Skin & Blood clock
PBC:
PedBE clock
PMA:
Postmenstrual age
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We would like to thank the Emory & WIH lab teams, NOVI Study Coordinators and NNNS coordinators, and the NOVI families who made this work possible.
This work was supported by NIH Grants NICHD R01HD072267 (Lester and O'Shea), R01HD084515 (Lester and Everson), UH3OD023347 (Lester, Marsit, and O'Shea), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through UCLA CTSI Grant UL1TR001881 and the HERCULES Center (P30 ES019776).
Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
Todd M. Everson, Amber Burt, Karen Hermetz & Carmen J. Marsit
Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
T. Michael O'Shea & Julie A. Hofheimer
Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
Brian S. Carter
Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
Jennifer Helderman
Department of Pediatrics, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
Elisabeth C. McGowan, James F. Padbury & Barry M. Lester
Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
Charles R. Neal
Department of Pediatrics, Spectrum Health-Helen Devos Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
Steven L. Pastyrnak
Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute At Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
Lynne M. Smith
Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
Antoine Soliman
Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
Sheri A. DellaGrotta, Lynne M. Dansereau & Barry M. Lester
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
Barry M. Lester
Todd M. Everson
T. Michael O'Shea
Amber Burt
Karen Hermetz
Julie A. Hofheimer
Elisabeth C. McGowan
Sheri A. DellaGrotta
Lynne M. Dansereau
James F. Padbury
Carmen J. Marsit
TME, CJM, TMO, and BML initiated, acquired the funding for, and designed this investigation. KH and JFP coordinated laboratory analyses. BSC, JH, JAH, ECM, CRN, SLP, LMS, AS, and SAD coordinated data collection. TME and AB performed the statistical analyses. TME, CJM, TMO, BML, SAD and LMD drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to interpretation of the results and revisions to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Todd M. Everson.
All participating mothers provided written informed consent and enrollment and consent procedures were approved by the institutional review boards of Women and Infants Hospital, Spectrum Health, Children's Mercy Office of Research Integrity, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, John F. Wolf, MD Human Subjects Committee at the Lundquist InstituteLos Angeles BioMed, Emory University and Western Institutional Review Board (WIRB).
The authors declare that there are no competing interests.
Supplemental Figures S1–S8.
Supplemental Excel Tables 1–4.
Everson, T.M., O'Shea, T.M., Burt, A. et al. Serious neonatal morbidities are associated with differences in DNA methylation among very preterm infants. Clin Epigenet 12, 151 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-020-00942-1
Preterm
Aging and Development Epigenetics | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,919 |
I think I've had more tacos this fall (I realize it's been two weeks), than I did all summer. I blame several new incomers to the D.C. dining scene, seemingly all taco joints that strike my fancy. Between El Techo's rooftop oasis in Shaw (brunch review forthcoming), Santa Rosa's edgy vibe in Capitol Hill, and Fox Loves Taco's playful hipster scene in the heart of Brookland, it's a good time to be a fan of of the fold-up fare in Washington.
Fox Loves Taco is serving up vegetarian breakfast tacos and delicious craft coffee in an adorable shared space with the Bike Rack. It's a one-two punch for any biker or pedestrian who needs fuel in more ways than one.
The owners hail from Little Red Fox, a coffee, sandwich, burrito, and provisions market cafe in Northwest which leads me to wonder: are these two more obsessed with tacos or foxes?
On a sunny Saturday, we entered the playful space surrounded by multi-colored shapes painted on the white walls and a small shelf of provisions from Little Red Fox, such as the housemade hot sauce. Our own beloved fox, Mojo the Basenji, was particularly impressed with the small bowl stocked with dog treats. Although, he was denied access to the shop, due to health codes.
I'm a coffee purist, so I went with a black cup of iced joe. The menu is simple and served all day. All six tacos sound tempting, so long as you're into vegetarian fare and tofu scramble. The first decision you'll have to make is if you want a flour or corn tortilla. I prefer the latter, as would those with gluten-free diets.
We debated between the Wham! and the Migas. Ultimately the Wham! sounded delicious, but a bit too messy with a poached egg as the main protein. I had yet to finish my first cup of coffee, so that option seemed out of my consumption range for the time being, plus there were no tables available inside to really dig in. We went with the Migas which was the perfect breakfast taco with scrambled eggs, crumbled tortilla chips, cheddar, radish, and cilantro.
The second taco we tried was off the beaten path. Bursting with purple cabbage, the Jerk was a combination of marinated tofu topped with plaintain gremolata and lime creme. It was a generally creamy taco, so I appreciated the crunchy texture of the cabbage. I would order this one again, but fair warning it's certainly a unique taste for breakfast!
If we lived in Brookland we would be regulars at Fox Loves Taco. If this isn't your 'hood, jump on your bike and head in for a late breakfast, while your bike gets a tune up. If bikes aren't your thing, plan to stroll the adorable art walk, home to several local artist-owned shops. And if this is your 'hood, we're jelly. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,920 |
Make dry, irritated skin ride into the sunset for good with red clay-enriched Go West, a five-minute face mask with exfoliation and aromatic essential oils.
Get a little prairie-style primping into your routine with this rustic red clay face mask. This nourishing formula is made with volcanic ash for natural exfoliation, rose hip oil to help boost your natural glow and even a touch of orange peel extract for a refreshing aromatic finish. Just rub it in, let it sit for a 5-10 minutes, and gently rinse it away with warm water to enjoy your softer, smoother face. If your skin has been looking or feeling a little desert-parched, don't hesitate to Go West!
Water/Aqua Glyceryl Stearate Glycerin Kaolin Prunus Persica (Peach) Seed Powder Stearic Acid Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil Theobroma Cacoa (Cocoa) Seed Butter Glyceryl Caprylate Microcrystalline Cellulose Benzyl Alcohol Xanthan Gum Palmitic Acid Rosa Canina (Rosehip) Seed Oil Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Volcanic Ash Disodium EDTA Cellulose Gum Glyceryl Undecylenate Lavandula Hybrida Oil Ethylhexylglycerin Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil Tocopherol Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Peel Extract Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Kernel Extract Iron Oxides (CI 77491). | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,921 |
I first had the idea for the Toronto Independent Theatre Coalition (TITC) 5 or 6 years ago. I had recently started up Bygone Theatre, and was watching what other indie groups were up to in an effort to figure out a growth strategy (aka what the hell I was doing). The first thing that became glaringly obvious was that it's nearly impossible to grow a successful theatre business on your own. Especially in a city as expensive as Toronto.
Don't get me wrong, theatre is first and foremost an art, but if you ignore the business side, the part that helps you find sponsors, partners and audience members, then no matter how good your art is, you're not going to be around long enough for anyone to see it.
It's nearly impossible to grow a successful theatre business on your own…(and) if you ignore the business side…you're not going to be around long.
As indie artists, we are often stuck in a Catch 22 kind of hell;
You need advertising to bring in audience members, but you need audience members to make the money you need for advertising.
You need experience to get sponsors & grants, but you can't get experience because you don't have sponsors or grants to help you get started.
The theatre community is so small, but when it comes to companies connecting and supporting each other, suddenly there was all this distance between us.
While it's hard to say just how many indie theatre groups there are in Toronto, I heard once that there are approximately 350 in the city. That's huge. Yet there didn't seem to be any kind of network set up to help those artists connect and help each other grow. The theatre community is so small, but when it comes to companies connecting and supporting each other, suddenly there was all this distance between us.
One of my least favourite parts of the theatre community is this strange belief some seem to have that we are somehow in competition with one another. It's seldom if ever said out loud, but you feel it when friends with their own companies don't bother to share your show info, when people hesitate to do a program ad swap, or one someone comes up with the great hashtag #indieunite and yet it never seems to be used by companies actually trying to support each other.
I have always wanted to change that. So, here is my official attempt.
The goal of the TITC is to provide a space for artists and companies to come together and do what we all should have been doing from the beginning; supporting each other. This can be by sharing resources like access to rehearsal space, props or costumes, or by doing labour swaps when there's multiple companies without the funds to pay artists properly. In addition to that, each member company must agree to share, via all their social media networks, each other company's show and audition info. If a company isn't living up to their end of the deal, they get booted out. Only team players here.
So why make this an official thing? Why insist on the membership survey, track social media numbers and hold groups accountable? Why not just continue to share and work with those you already know?
The answer — strength in numbers.
The goal of the TITC is to provide a space for artists and companies to come together and do what we all should have been doing from the beginning; supporting each other
This is where we as indie artists can start to grow our companies as businesses. When you contact a potential sponsor, say a car dealership, chances are you are trying to convince them that supporting you will be good exposure. You tell them to think of it as a marketing investment — give us some money for our show, we give you a shout-out on our social media, all our followers see how great you are! Only, as an indie company you likely don't have a huge following.
Currently, we have 9 Company Members at the TITC; that's after about a week of applications being open. And to give you an idea of how much of a difference that can make for members already, note that, on average, each company has 646 Twitter followers, but combined? That number jumps to 5818. And we're just getting started. Plus, that doesn't include the following the TITC itself is now starting to grow…
We are stronger together.
Together, we have access to some of the best indie talent in the city.
Together, we have social media numbers and followers large enough to get sponsor's attention.
Together, we can pool our funds to advertise a central hub where all the indie shows can be promoted on a large scale.
There are no membership fees required to join the TITC, all we want is your willingness and commitment to grow this community with us. It takes about 3 minutes to apply, and you can do so here. If you want to know more about what membership entails, you can find that here. And if you want to know what we have planned next, you can learn that here.
If you like the sound of the TITC, please take a moment to check out our website at www.thetitc.ca, to follow us on Instagram or Twitter, and to like us on Facebook. Share this post! Send links to your theatre friends! The more of us there are the more we can do.
#indieunite
To keep the TITC free we need some help raising funds for start-up costs. Want to help support Toronto's indie theatre scene? Please visit our GoFundMe page and give if you can.
Tags bygone theatre, EN(LIVE)N Productions, Gangway! Theatre Co, Go Fund Me, Godfrey & Finns, inspiraTO, KAIROS Theatre, Now I Am Dead Productions, Shakesbeers, SOTMS, Spur of the Moment Shakespeare Collective, The Bathtub Girls, TITC, Toronto arts, Toronto Independent Theatre Coalition, Toronto Indie Theatre, Toronto theatre
Toronto Fringe Festival Review: Anywhere
Cass Van Wyck and Courtney Ch'ng Lancaster in Anywhere at the 2018 Toronto Fringe.
Last night I had the pleasure of seeing the latest by Dora-nominated playwright Michael Ross Albert (Tough Jews, The Grass is Greenest at the Houston Astrodome): the 141 Collective's production of Anywhere. In this timely new thriller, Liz (Courtney Ch'ng Lancaster), a young business woman away at a conference, returns home to her AirBnB to find her host, Joy (Cass Van Wyck), has been waiting up for her. What starts as a cordial and relatively typical conversation quickly unravels as we learn of their drunken encounter the previous night, one that leaves the two women fighting in a dark and increasingly frightening battle for control.
The show has a stellar cast – Courtney Ch'ng Lancaster epitomizes the uptight, bland businesswoman, one whose life has become so mundane that a bus tour conference and night partying with a stranger, her single-mom AirBnB host Joy, is clearly the most thrilling thing to happen to her in months. As the night wears on drinks are poured and secrets are revealed, leading to the unnerving realization that all the patience and polite conversation is a front, and the audience meets the real Liz, one who is cutting, competitive, and fiercely cynical. As Joy, the single-mother to a terminally ill 8-year-old, Cass Van Wyck elicits both sympathy and disgust, as her lifestyle choices make us question her suitability as a parent, and her motives in revealing herself to her guest make us question her morality. The clever writing combined with the subtle acting choices of both woman leave us wondering who the real victim is in this bizarre game of cat and mouse.
While I was impressed by the acting and writing, the directing by David Lafontaine unfortunately left something to be desired. Staging was too stationary, and often I felt as though the actors had been told to move just for something to do. We lost the full potential of some well-charged moments that were oddly staged upstage, obscured by the large and, I think, unnecessary dining table. Too often the actors, as well as the majority of the set pieces, were playing in the same plane, making it so that the movement was noticeably less dynamic than the words and emotion being presented onstage. I hope this show continues to have a life after Fringe, and that some changes are made to staging to allow it to see its full potential.
Photo by Emily Dix
**SPOILER ALERT**
Aside from the unimpressive staging, the only issue I found with this play was in the last minute and a half, where the sudden change in in momentum left me confused, rather than shaken, as I think was intended. After a fight between Liz and Joy becomes physical, Liz whacks Joy over the head with a large, heavy chessboard, knocking her to the ground and leaving her seemingly, for a moment, unconscious. This is how I expected the play to end; Joy, now seriously injured if not dead, is left lying in a pool of blood on the floor, while Liz, realizing there is no turning back from the culmination of strange events in what should have been the most mundane of weeks, takes the place she held at the start of the play. I imagined Liz would sit down and wait, knowing that what led them to this place didn't matter, because regardless of who was right and who had "won" the battle, she had been the one to call "checkmate" and end the war. She had sealed her own fate. Instead, Joy suddenly leaps from the ground, now covered in blood, and stumbles forward confused, shrieking that she can't see. The lights dim as Liz cradles Joy's bleeding head her in her hands, telling her not to worry because her son Ethan is "right there". I'm not sure what we're meant to take away here – is Joy's confusion the result of a head injury? Of the night's drinking? Both? Is Liz's sudden compassion out of fear? Guilt? Is Joy dying? After an hour of well-scripted, naturally building tension I found these last few moments questioned all of the night's events, but not in a way that left me intrigued so much as just confused.
**END OF SPOILERS**
Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed this production. In a digital age where we can learn intimate details about a person before even meeting them, Anywhere is a necessary examination of the difference between intimacy and knowledge, and with a knock-out cast of rising indie stars Courtney Ch'ng Lancaster and Cass Van Wyck, this is surely one to add to your "must see" list.
Date July 8, 2018
Tags Anywhere, Cass Van Wyck, Courtney Ch'ng Lancaster, David Lafontaine, drama, Fringe 2018, Michael Ross Albert, review, theatre, thriller, Toronto, toronto fringe
Toronto Fringe Festival Review: The Joy of Sax
What makes the Fringe Festival so fun is that you really never know what you're going to get when you shuffle into the theatre at some odd time of day: I certainly wasn't expecting what I saw this afternoon at The Joy of Sax, Flash in the Deadpan's Toronto Fringe production. Described by the company as fitting into the "new genre of saxploitation comedy", The Joy of Sax is a bizarre tale of a young man named Luke (Cam Parkes) who inherits his father's saxophone and finds that he has a special gift – no, not a musical talent (much to my dismay, the only sounds to come out of the horn were loud, blasting screeches), but the inexplicable ability to arouse and lead to orgasm any who are within earshot of his "music". Can't say that it's not original! Continue reading
Tags 2018, Alex Cameron, Blair Woodward, Cam Parkes, comedy, Derek Chan, Flash in the Deadpan, Heather Ferguson, Jason Reilly, Kelly Seo, Kimberley Wells, Lex Stultz, review, Sandra Otter, Ted Powers, The Joy of Sax, theatre, Tim Phillips, toronto fringe
REVIEW: The LOT's "Dreamgirls"
There's no denying Dreamgirls is a tough musical to pull off; large cast, flashy sets, tons of costume changes and vocal scores meant to mimic the great Diana Ross & the Supremes, make for a show that is difficult at best. The production currently playing at the Lower Ossington Theatre does an adequate job, but as I have found with all the shows I've seen at the LOT, it's inconsistent, and while they have some top-notch talent, there are others that leave more than a little to be desired.
Bobby Daniels shines as Curtis Taylor Jr., the car salesman turned agent. His smooth voice is the strongest of the male cast, and for the most part, his acting was solid as well. I did question his intention in some of the more serious scenes where he came across more melodramatic than sincere, but overall I think his casting was a wise choice.
Kyle Brown stole the show as the soulful Jimmy Early. His voice wasn't quite strong enough to hit some of the harder notes, but what he may have lacked in vocal strength he more than made up for with his electric stage presence. He had enviable dance skills, and made a thoroughly believable character, especially in his second-act solo piece; Jimmy does indeed "got soul".
I was surprised by the casting of Krystle Chance as Effie White, since much is made of the character being grossly overweight, and yet Chance was a fit, curvy beauty in her sparkled gowns. Personally, I would have padded her out some, as it changes the story to have her being switched out of the lead role over her weight when the actress is barely any bigger than her co-stars. Still, the attitude and vocal range made her a good match, and she wowed in numbers like "One Night Only".
Other notable mentions go to Amanda Mattar as Michelle, Effie's replacement in the Dreams, who had a lovely voice and a really magnetic stage presence, and to Alinka Angelova as Lorrell, who really found her voice in the second act. My favourite number of the whole show? Stepping To The Bad Side, beautifully sung and choreographed; I got chills.
Overall, the directing by Saccha Dennis was simple but effective. The stage movements were slick and well choreographed to move through the rapidly changing scenes. However, it seemed as though not enough time was spent on the character work, something painfully obvious in scenes like "You Are My Dream", where there was a total lack of chemistry.
Costuming a show of this size is quite a feat, but I would have liked to see some more authentic and better fitting costumes; the sparkling gowns were lovely, but didn't seem to fit the actresses. Kudos to lighting designer Mikael Kangas for his beautiful work, he really effectively changed the look of each scene and moved things effortlessly from "stage lights" to "real lights", without anything ever looking cheesy or fake; really well done. Sound designer Curtis Whittaker might want to re-check some of his levels, as I found much of the dialogue difficult to hear.
In the end, I'd recommend the show. It has its faults, but it's a big musical with a lot of fun songs that will have you dancing in your seat. Great for a fun night out.
-E.
Tags Dreamgirls, dreamgirls review, Joseph Patrick, LOT, The Lower Ossington Theatre, theatre review, Toronto, Toronto theatre
Toronto Fringe Festival Review: 32 Short Sketches About Bees
Clear Glass Productions's performance of 32 Short Sketches About Bees is a fast-paced mash-up of ridiculous scenes all tied together through the incredibly simple (but surprisingly diverse) theme of "bees" (or "Bea", "B", "be"… you get the idea). Playing now at the Toronto Fringe Festival. Check out another one of my 2017 Toronto Fringe Festival reviews via Mooney on Theatre.
Tags 2017, 32 Short Sketches About Bees, Chris Leveille, comedy, fringe festival, Mooney on Theatre, Shannon Lahaie, toronto fringe, Toronto theatre
Toronto Fringe Festival Review: Caitlin & Eric Are Broken Up
"You can't be that attractive and funny" — well, not unless you're Caitlin Robson and Eric Miinch. Catch the comedic duo in Caitlin & Eric Are Broken Up, produced by Squeaky Wheel, and playing now at the Toronto Fringe Festival. Check out another one of my 2017 Toronto Fringe Festival reviews via Mooney on Theatre.
Tags Caitlin & Eric Are Broken Up, caitlin robson, comedy, Eric Miinch, fringe festival, Mooney on Theatre, theatre review, toronto fringe, Toronto theatre
Toronto Fringe Festival Review: Murder In The Cottonwoods
When leaving the theatre after seeing Murder In The Cottonwoods, I had stuck in my head a line from Rocky Horror that I think perfectly summed up my experience of the show; "a mental mind-f*ck can be nice." A bizarre tale of murder set in a town that could be 1950s middle America if it weren't for the Seinfeld references, Murder In The Cottonwoods may be the strangest show you'll see at this year's Fringe Festival. If you are a fan of David Lynch, then this show is for you: it's Twin Peaks meets Pleasantville in this surreal "romantic nightmare." Check out another one of my 2017 Toronto Fringe Festival reviews via Mooney on Theatre.
Tags 2017, Colin Sharpe, fringe festival, Mooney on Theatre, Murder In The Cottonwoods, theatre review, toronto fringe
White Wedding (Port Albert Productions) 2017 Toronto Fringe Festival Review
Last night I had the pleasure of seeing a new site-specific piece at Artscape Youngplace; Port Albert Production's White Wedding. The show was staged in an upper hallway of the building, which nicely fit the plot, but did make it rather difficult to see; if you're planning on going to this show, arrive early. I was 3 rows back and missed some key moments, you're going to want to be right up front for the best experience.
Playwright/director/producer Taylor Marie Graham's story was strong, and the majority of the writing felt sincere, though lead character Lisa (Kayla Whelan) seemed to often be off the mark, something which may have partially had to do with the writing of her scenes. While Lisa was the main protagonist, she seemed to be the only character to not have any real growth or development, and I found her to be unfortunately unlikable. I was confused by many of her moments of "emotion", because they were meant to pop up suddenly, uncontrollably, but that was not what I saw from the actor. Hearing shouted, "oh no! I can't cry again" when I see no tears made it feel cheesy and took me out of the moment.
The rest of the cast was strong, and two actors stood out for me in this performance; Cass Van Wyck as Heather, and Lauren Wolanski as Michelle. As a pair of old high school friends/ ex-lovers, the pair had unquestionable chemistry. Van Wyck excelled as the brash, fun-loving Heather, trying to play it cool despite still being desperately in love with her old high school fling. As Michelle, the now-married mother of a young son, Wolanksi effortlessly flipped back and forth between being the ideal (if not a little cold and repressed) wife, and the passionate, youthful girl that still lusts for her friend. Their relationship is by far the most compelling in the play, and I was happy to see it played honestly, rather than relying on caricatures or stereotypes. Special mention goes to Dave Martin as Dave, who did not have an especially complex character to play, but who was thoroughly enjoyable to watch. He also has a beautiful singing voice and accompanied much of the show on guitar.
The Verdict: Worth a watch, but show up early to get a good seat.
Rating: 4/5 Stars
Performance Times:
Sunday July 9th 6:00pm
Thursday July 13th 9:00pm
Friday July 14th 9:00pm
Saturday July 15th 2:00pm
Tickets available online or at the door (while supplies last).
Tags Artscape, Cass Van Wyck, Dave Martin, fringe festival, Kayla Whelan, Lauren Wolanski, Port Albert Productions, review, Site Specific, Taylor Marie Graham, theatre review, toronto fringe, White Wedding
Toronto Fringe Festival Review: Adult Entertainment
Sex, violence and morality battle it out onstage in George F. Walker's Adult Entertainment, produced by Triple ByPass Productions and playing now at the Toronto Fringe Festival. Check out another one of my 2017 Toronto Fringe Festival reviews via Mooney on Theatre.
Tags 2017, Adult Entertainment, Antonino Pruiti, Christopher Hayes, comedy, dark, drama, George F. Walker, Joanne Sarazen, Melanie Pyne, Tarragon Theatre, theatre review, Thom Zimerle, Toronto, toronto fringe, Toronto theatre, Triple Bypass Productions
Toronto Fringe Festival Review: Fastcar Man of Action
Want to catch a show that completely encompasses the spirit of Fringe? Don't let the prospect of a one-man show with audience participation scare you off; Fastcar: Man of Action (produced by blind fool productions) is a delightful trip through the absurd, playing now at the Toronto Fringe Festival . Learn more via my Mooney on Theatre review.
Tags absurd, Amo Gulinello, Blindfool Productions, clown, comedy, Fastcar Man of Action, Fringe 2017, fringe festival, mime, Mooney on Theatre, review, Tarragon Theatre, Toronto, Toronto Fringe Festival, Toronto theatre | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,922 |
The last time the PP Blog covered something such as this was in February 2015. That's when "Moore Fund," a preposterous Ponzi-board "program" that later vanished with an unknown haul, was using a "Norton Secured" logo unauthorized by Symantec to fool the masses.
Unfortunately, the masses included members of The Achieve Community, who'd already been ripped off in that preposterous Ponzi-board scam.
On July 26, 2016, the SEC accused Traffic Monsoon and alleged operator Charles Scoville of Utah of operating a Ponzi scheme that had gathered at least $207 million.
Like Moore Fund and Achieve Community, Traffic Monsoon was a Ponzi-board scheme. The scheme operated from TrafficMonsoon.com, which now rotates to the website of Peggy Hunt, the court-appointed receiver.
With TrafficMonsoon.com now under the control of the receiver, a new domain has surfaced: TrafficMonsoon.plus.
To hear some TrafficMonsoon promoters tell it on YouTube and other web venues, Traffic Monsoon will start anew at the .plus domain and somehow will rally the membership to defeat the SEC. The .plus site appears to a virtual duplicate of the .com as allegedly operated by Scoville, except for a few edits that claim the "program" now is operating from Finland.
There have been scattered reports that whoever is operating the .plus site has access to the TrafficMonsoon database, property that may be counted among the seized assets.
As was the case with Moore Fund, the Comodo logo may be a bid to trick visitors to TrafficMonsoon.plus that a well-known global Internet security company is aboard the Traffic Monsoon train — or the train of the purported Traffic Monsoon members trying to reboot an alleged $207 million Ponzi scheme during an asset freeze.
Comodo did not respond immediately to a request for comment. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,923 |
© 2018 by New England Jazz Enrichment Foundation. Proudly created with Wix.com
#worcester, #jazz, #festival, #music
Susan started as event manager with the Newton Jazz Festival 2012-2016 and co-producer with Stephen Bourassa and the City of Newton 5 years Newtonville Jazz & Street Festival(Village Day) 2012 - 2017, co-producer with Stephen Bourassa and JazzBoston for JazzWeek High School Jazz Band Showcase 2015, coproducer NEJEF High School Jazz Band Showcase at Newton Festival of the Arts 2016. She has been a performing musician for over 20 years.
In April of 2013 New England Jazz Productions co produced Jazz Week High School band Showcase with Jazz Boston at the Boston Public Library. This was a free event that highlighted the talents of high school jazz bands in the Boston area. It was this event that Susan Workman co founder of New England jazz Enrichment foundation, saw the need and experienced the growing passion to produce free music events within the communities of Boston.
Susan's drive to help the community comes from working in social service for 20 years, her experience working with homeless, and working with substance, developmental disabilities, and mental health populations.
Stephen Bourassa
COO and Vice President
Producer of the Newton Jazz and Wine Festival and New England Jazz Productions, Stephen Bourassa has been presenting, producing and co‐producing music‐related events throughout Massachusetts since 2001 including the 2001 Salem Jazz & Wine Festival(as Art & Culture, Inc), and Jazz Boston's High School Jazz Band Showcase at the Boston Public Library during Jazz Week in 2013 and 2014 just to name a few. Bourassa had a dream to put on music festivals and provide music scholarships to the communities of New England and found like‐minded people to help bring that dream to reality.
As a musician and a music student, Bourassa knew the struggle to fund music lessons and the high cost for instruments. Stephen's vision to have music festivals and raise money to help a family pay for after school lessons or instruments was a driving force in New England Jazz Enrichment Foundation beginning.
Since 2001, Bourassa and the NEJEF team has succeeded in providing scholarships to those that are finding a way to make their music goals a reality. He has also produced and co-produced over a dozen jazz festivals that emphasize the meaning of bringing music and community together.
Aaron Gratzmiller
Arts and Educations Director
is a saxophonist, arranger, and private instructor based in Boston, MA. His energetic playing and stylistic versatility has helped him become one of the most active performers in New England, sharing the stage with notable artists such as Kurt Elling, Antonio Hart, Robert Villera, and Matt Savage among others. Aaron also teaches private lessons at Cambridge Arts Academy (Somerville, MA) and North Main Music (Nashua, NH), and is involved with the New England Jazz Enrichment Foundation. His current project as a co-leader, the Pearcy/ Gratzmiller Jazz Quintet, presents the tradition of Hard Bop Jazz from the perspective of a younger generation of musicians. The Quintet will be releasing it's debut album, titled "Over the Edge", this fall.
Aaron grew up in Pittsburgh, PA, where he began studying the piano at the age of 6. A few years later, he began playing the tenor saxophone in his elementary school band, and quickly developed an interest in Jazz. He continued taking lessons on both the saxophone and the piano through High School, when he began playing with Pittsburgh area musicians. He later majored in music at both Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania and Berklee College of Music in Boston, MA, graduating from Berklee with a Bachelor's Degree in Music Performance. Aaron performs as both a bandleader and a sideman for local performances and tours, and is available for performing and presentation opportunities.
Susan Geoffrion Parks
Chief Administrative Executive
Worcester Jazz Festival | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,924 |
I'm halfway through The Mysterious Benedict Society by Trenton Lee Stewart, and already I know this is a keeper. Figuratively speaking, I mean, because the copy I'm reading doesn't belong to us. It's the kind of book you want to own a copy of, the kind the kids are going to fight over when they grow up and start claiming favorites from these overcrowded shelves. So good, this book. I can recommend it wholeheartedly even before I read the second half.
Only a very few children make it through the rounds of testing, either by merit of their intellect or their daring, their inventiveness, their creative approach to problem-solving—and all of them by merit of their strong sense of honor and truthfulness. The peculiar tests are but the beginning of an adventure that quickly escalates to a perilous mission requiring strength of character and quick wits.
And if this all sounds very vague, that's because I wouldn't dream of spoiling any of this captivating novel's many twists and turns. As I said, I'm halfway through, and I can't wait to find out what happens next.
This book (and its sequel!) are making the rounds among our homeschool friends right now (both kids and moms). My daughter has been wearing a bucket full of needful things everywhere she goes and last week rescued a coloring book that had fallen behind the washing machine by strapping duct tape from the bucket to the handle of a broom and fishing it out a la Kate…This week she is listening to the second book (The MBS and the Perilous Journey)on CD while I try to keep up by reading it. What great breakfast conversations we're having! There's nothing like a good new book!!
Yes, my daughter (10) and I read this book together and it was fun. The story was a bit of a surprise and a little grisly with the putting the kids in the awful room and all the bullying.
But, it kept us on our seats and we really enjoyed it. We got the next one but it didn't bite as the first one did but we will probably give it another try over Spring break.
I read this to my nine year old son last year. We were totally sucked in by the all the cool tests. We got a little bogged down in parts, but overall totally worth it. We've got the sequel on hold right now at the library.
I'm glad you posted this because I've had my eye on that book for months. I read the back at B&N and found myself completely intrigued. I don't have a kid old enough to enjoy it yet, so I hesitated to buy it. (You know how moms are about buying something just for themselves.) But it will go on my To Purchase list now, for sure.
Wait till you find out what makes Constance so obstinate!
I saw this at the discount store this week – I wish I'd grabbed it now. Age rec? I read 9 and 10 in the comments. Is that about right?
I got this from the library earlier this week after reading your list of books. And I am enjoying it so much and plan on recommending it to my kids – especially my 12 yo dd – it will be perfect for one of the remaining two book reports at school (she's at public school – currently reading Julie for one of those two reports.
My 10 year old raced through this one and the sequel… I still haven't caught up yet! Hers were from the school library, so I might need to purchase copies of our own.
Anne–LOL LOL LOL!!! You are so right! I really DID LOL!
LOL, I just finished and yes, I found out!
3) or Phineas and Ferb!!!!
IM weird i no it!!!
I'm 13 and have really been enjoying the series. I recently finished the third and loved it. Just thought I'd let all moms out there know; it's not just for 9 & 10 year olds! Older kids will love it just as much as everyone else!
I am 28 and I love these books! They are so witty and fascinating. I love books like this that can capture young kids and young adults attention. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,925 |
If you ever hear me refer to the "bible", I am talking about this book here .
If I ever mention the "holy trinity," you can bet we're talking about Creole cookin' and a discussion about my dislike for bell peppers is soon to follow. I know, we'll deal with it later.
And lastly, the "resurrection" that I will certainly be celebrating for years to come has everything to do with salsa.
Years ago, my mom and I both fell into a torrid, all-consuming love affair with Tostito's Restaurant Style Salsa. Tortilla chips were but innocent bystanders, unfortunate casualties of our passion. We found other salsas to be overly sweet and tomato-pastey or flavored much too heavily with cilantro (I happen to be of those genetic misfits for whom this herb tastes like soap). But this, this restaurant style beauty was light and tasted miraculously fresh. It was rare that a jar ever wore its lid again once we'd opened it.
And then, one day, it disappeared. I thought it was maybe one of those things that I could no longer find since moving to New York, a mere regional loss. No matter, I'd stock up on my next visit to Wisconsin. But my mom hadn't been able to find it either. We both searched and scoured our supermarket shelves to no avail.
Scared and salsaless, I began to frantically search the internets. I encountered forums and discussion boards wherein others were conversing on this very topic. Nobody could find it. It had been discontinued. None of us could understand why.
From the time I made that discovery five or six years ago, until one fateful day the week before last, I had resigned myself to perpetual salsa dissatisfaction. There was the occasional palatable jar, but by and large most were saturated with cilantro or a brief reduction shy of cloying. I was disheartened and deprived.
And then–oh joyous day!–I happened to find myself standing in front of the salsas, looking for a bean dip, never in a million years hoping…. But there it was. One jar. It looked a little different, but it bore the same title, and when I turned the jar over it had that same natural consistency that I remembered from so long ago. Could it be? Was it true?
I got it home, cracked it open, and it was every bit as wonderful as I remembered. I snapped a picture with my iPhone and sent it to my mom. "Look what I found!!!" I said. Yes, it warranted three exclamation points. A couple moments later, my mom responded with a photo of the jar currently in her own fridge, saying, "I found it too! Just yesterday!" Suddenly all seemed right with the world.
Now, I know it's salsa from a big, fat commercial brand. It's not one of those organic, artisanal shops that I do so love to support. But hear me when I say: It's damned good, the only salsa that I will eat by the jarful, and gladly. It's light, it's natural-tasting, and it's back.
*Please note: This is not a sponsored post. I just seriously love this salsa and want all of you to know about it so that you can go out and buy it and eat an embarrassing amount of it so that it will never ever get discontinued again. Thank you for your assistance.
Ok, now I want some! Looks good! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,926 |
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This property is a very pleasant Venetian home where one can spend a fantastic time in Venice.
A great location far from the crowds but only a 5 minutes walking from St. Mark's Square or Biennale of Art.
From the windows the view is a typically beautiful Venetian facade of the Church of San Giorgio deli Schiavoni.
The ground floor unit (US first floor) has a modern kitchen well equipped with a coffee machine for Italian espresso, a microwave and a dishwasher.
The Master bedroom, in white colours, is very simply and modernly furnished. The bathroom has a shower, wc and bidet.
A washing machine and dryer are in the common space on the first floor.
The second floor (US second floor) unit has original Venetian Terrazzo with oil paintings from Patrick Smith on the wall, and has a modern kitchen well equipped with a coffee machine for Italian espresso, an oven and microwave and a dishwasher.
The Master bedroom has a queen bed and the living room has a sofa bed for 2 guests. The tiled bathroom has shower, wc and bidet.
The 2 apartments could be rented together for families or friends.
The apartment is very nice and was just renovated in 2009.
It is located in the Castello area near the Biennale and the Pietà church, and is only a 10 minute walk from St. Mark's Square.
It is up a short flight of stairs and overlooks two calles (little Venetian streets).
A work of art—by a great artist from Atlanta, Deanna Sirlin, who showed work at the Biennale—has been transferred to the wood floor in one room of the apartment, using a special technique.
Some paintings from customers and friends are on the walls, such as Patrick Smith from San Francisco.
The kitchen is provided with everything you need, and if you require something special for your cooking we will offer advice and show you where to get ingredients…we love cooking!! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,928 |
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A banned driver drove through an accident blackspot near Chard at such fast speeds that the police who were following him were forced to abandon their pursuit on the grounds of public safety.
Liam Michael Chapman took his mother's car without her permission and careered along Windwhistle Hill on the A30, ignoring police lights and sirens to stop.
He then put his foot down and started overtaking other vehicles and causing other motorists to have to take evasive action to avoid a collision.
When the police gave up the chase they passed a turning and found that the car had crashed and had turned over onto its roof after damaging some road signs.
The brand new car was so badly damaged that it was written off and the defendant was arrested at the scene.
Chapman, 28, of Cowen Close, Crewkerne, pleaded guilty to driving a Nissan Juke dangerously on Windwhistle Hill on March 11.
He also admitted taking the vehicle without his mother's consent, and after it was taken an accident occurred and damage was caused to the vehicle and £400 worth of road signs.
He also admitted driving while disqualified, without insurance and without a licence when he appeared in the dock before Somerset Magistrates at Yeovil.
Prosecutor Emma Lenanton said the car belonged to the defendant's mother under the Motability scheme and on the day in question she drove it to a friend's house and left the key in her handbag.
"Chapman arrived at the address and said he needed to borrow his mother's mobile phone to do a job search so he stayed there for about 10 minutes and was left alone in the kitchen where her handbag was," she said.
"At 5pm police were on duty when they had a call about a possible disqualified driver and they saw a Nissan Juke driving towards them from the Tesco roundabout so they activated their blue lights and sirens.
Chapman was arrested at the scene and had sustained injuries to his face and hands.
Miss Lenanton said that the defendant was disqualified from driving in 2011 and had been ordered to take a test before he could get his licence back but had not done so.
The magistrates said the case was so serious that Chapman should be committed to Taunton Crown Court for sentence and adjourned all matters until July 20.
They also imposed an interim driving ban on the defendant and released him on conditional bail. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,930 |
The first time I had postnatal depression, it crept up on me, insidiously, after two months. I was distracted by the euphoria of first-time motherhood; the late spring was brighter than before, the early blousy roses in bloom as I dandled my new baby in the garden and sang to her.
I didn't see the bindweed edging closer, its tendrils closing around me, paralysing me, stealing my light, choking me until I was powerless. Numb. Empty.
Morbidly depressed, I watched my baby sleeping in her Moses basket and, aged 36, planned my own funeral, agonising over the hymns and deciding that Jerusalem (such a lovely melody) would lift the mood. Assuming anyone turned up.
I quietly stopped eating, stopped feeding the dog. We were both destined to die. I just knew it. My bewildered husband stepped in to look after the dog. I handed him a list of women he should consider marrying after I was gone; they would, I said in all seriousness, make good stepmothers. Not bad ones.
I felt terrible, corroded by poison. To friends and family I perpetrated a daily deceit; I'm just a bit tired. Babies, huh? But yes, so great to lose the pregnancy weight - and more.
But I had been reduced to little more than a high-functioning zombie. So when Adele spoke this week about her awful postnatal depression, I felt a jolt in my solar plexus. As she voiced her fear of having a second child and opening up herself - her whole family - to the potential onslaught of those demons again, I was engulfed in memories dark as Hades.
The 28-year-old singer, whose son, Angelo, is now four, was as unflinching and unsentimental in her words as she is in her lyrics. She recounted the toxic amalgam of obsession and abhorrence, fear, love and inadequacy at the heart of what is a devastating illness. And I understood.
I took pills, she did not. Yet both of us suffered the double bind of fear and guilt; needing to be away from the baby, but terrified that a desperately needed half-hour coffee with girlfriends constitutes a selfish act of betrayal. That's the thing about postnatal depression; it robs you not just of joy but of perspective. I told nobody that as soon as I saw my baby I felt agonising back pain as my muscles contracted in tension.
Having endured a terrifying, bungled NHS birth, it started to prey on my mind. I began ruminating, the flashbacks increased. By the time I sought medical help for my insomnia I had developed post-traumatic stress on top of my postnatal depression.
I was prescribed anti-depressants that sort of worked. Thanks to private healthcare from my then employer, I received psychotherapy from The Priory. I felt better. But I was not better. I might have got better had I not come off the pills after a year in order to have IVF.
Unlike Adele, I wanted another baby regardless. She has talked of the agonising dissonance; how her womb "aches" for a second child, yet the malign spectre of postnatal depression holds her back.
I know two women who never had more children for that selfsame reason; do they regret it? I would never dream of asking. They never say.
Within two days of my elder daughter being born, I knew, in the haze of milky bliss, that I had to have a second. Even in the ensuing nightmare, I never once wavered. Why? Because I stubbornly refused to believe anything as bad could happen to me again.
It took six years of IVF and a series of tiny tragedies - lost heartbeats, miscarriages and the near collapse of my marriage - before I was pregnant again. Did I mention that the depression was so profound, I didn't sleep with my husband for three years? Against that backdrop, the risk of recurring postnatal depression didn't even figure.
One in seven new mothers - 90,000 women - suffers from depression, to varying degrees. Progress has been slow in pinpointing the cause, but a breakthrough was made in 2013 when a study of 200 pregnant women, published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research, found two molecular "signatures" in some individuals' genes that increased the risk of postnatal depression by up to five times.
Researchers believe that changes in oestrogen levels make pregnant women more sensitive to the stress hormone cortisol, and those with the genetic variations are unable to correct the hormonal imbalance after giving birth. My husband later told me he was concerned for my mental health, but I had such a happy pregnancy, he was loath to upset me.
I'd love to say that it was different with my second baby. It was worse. Differently awful. I had another lengthy, ghastly, mismanaged birth and the depression was instant. By the time I was wheeled back to the ward I felt so alienated, so empty, that I literally couldn't bear to look at my new baby. I wince to recall my response to the woman in the bed opposite, cooing and gazing at her new infant with a stupid soppy expression on her face. Mocking me. I felt an irrational hatred for her obvious overacting.
Meanwhile, my daughter had failed to feed or even wake up and was taken off to the special care unit. My days were spent pumping breast milk or crying. The nurses would quietly close the curtains round me as I was upsetting the real mothers.
I thanked God when she recovered and was discharged after a week, but even as I cradled her, I felt a complete fraud. I was horribly aware, with self-flagellating disgust, that I was nothing more than a fake - and panicking in case anyone found out.
As well-wishers came, I mustered the requisite smiles that petered out long before they reached my eyes. They said my baby was beautiful. I knew they were lying. But I dutifully nodded and felt - nothing.
Nothing apart from a sense of horror; that I was a complete monster. Surely only a monster could be so incapable of loving this tiny person whom she had brought into the world? Appalled that I might psychologically damage her, when I changed her nappy I would fix my eyes on the middle distance and bare my teeth in an obscene caricature of a smile. I felt overwhelmed, sad, despairing and ashamed. As far as the world was concerned, I had finally achieved my happy ever after. How could I admit it wasn't good enough; that I wasn't good enough?
Once, I picked her up and went to a neighbour's house. When she opened the door, I thrust the baby into her arms, turned on my heel and left her there. I lay on the sitting room floor listening to the sound of distraught wailing, two doors along, until I couldn't be sure if the screaming was coming from her or me.
I went to my GP. A new anti-depressant and NHS psychotherapy which was good but didn't last long enough. The drugs were good, though; I had no idea how good until months later when I broke my back in a riding accident. I was lucky. I survived. I wasn't crippled. But during the long months of recuperation, I was unable to hold my daughter who was only 10 months when our bond was severed again. I had no upper body strength; I couldn't lift her and when she was placed in my arms she would hit her head against the metal of my back brace, crumple, cry and squirm away, reaching for the nanny as though she were the mother and I the interloper.
Because that is the trick postnatal depression plays; it is a malevolent form of imposter syndrome. You are useless and worthless and in charge of a baby who deserves better.
I'm recovered now. I keep taking the pills because I know I am vulnerable to depression and they maintain my equilibrium. Of course there are days when I feel like a lousy mother, but it's normal-lousy.
Despite my experience I have no regrets. I would do it all again if I had to, in order to be a mother, but I can understand why someone else wouldn't. I adore my daughters, now aged 14 and eight, who have completed me in a way I never imagined possible. But I wouldn't dream of offering Adele advice, because I know how unbearably lonely and tough postnatal depression can be.
All I can say is that after the Stygian gloom, the hellish bleakness, I am able to once more live in glorious technicolour. And I feel utterly blessed. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,931 |
Baked Apple - A sweet and juicy butter baked apple, delicately blended with cinnamon and brown sugar.
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Baked Apple - A sweet and juicy butter baked apple, delicately blended with cinnamon and brown sugar. Buttermint - Rich creamy butter delicately blended with mint. Custard Tart - A rich creamy vanilla custard, wrapped in a crisp buttery pastry. Eton Mess - Sticky broken meringue mixed with whipped cream, fresh raspberry, ripe strawberry and tart blackberry. Fruit Fool - Juicy apple and succulent pear balanced with ripe banana and fresh orange, with a melody of fresh fruits, folded in rich cream. Hot Cross Bun - A spiced and glazed bun filled with citrus soaked currants. Upside Down Cake - Juicy pineapple soaked through a light fluffy cake base. All available in 0mg 50ml shortfills 70VG/30PG. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,932 |
Warren B. Beckler Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Beckler while a student at the University of Maine. It contains signatures and comments of class members, programs and memorabilia of athletic events, and photographs of athletic teams, student activities and the university marching band.
H. S. Boardman Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Boardman to document his activities as president of the University of Maine, 1926-1934, and as chair of the Maine State Liquor Commission, 1937-1941. Includes newspaper clippings, photographs, correspondence, etc.
Lois L. Chadwick Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by a student at the University of Maine.
Grace Bristol Coffin Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Grace Bristol while a student at the University of Maine. It contains signatures and comments of class members, postcards and photographs of campus buildings, scenes and activities, and programs and information about the university's athletic teams, dance and theater.
Cyrenus W. Crockett Scrapbook
A scrapbook containing images taken at the University of Maine, including activities on campus, sports events, and shots of the house and members of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity.
Academic Affairs. Dean Of Students. Associate Dean For Campus Life. Residential Life (University Of Maine) Records
Identifier: UA RG 0006-010-002-001
Scope and Contents The records mostly contain textual information created by the University of Maine Department of Residential Life, but there are also photographs in the Stodder Hall student scrapbooks and plaques. The records include: audit and review reports for the Department of Residential Life, guides and manuals on campus living, promotion material for events and programs held on campus, Department newsletters, and promotional material and contracts regarding specific campus accommodation....
Earle Leslie Ferren Scrapbook
A scrapbook of photographs of University of Maine campus buildings, the Lamda Chi Alpha fraternity house, university students, and mascot Bananas the bear.
Raynor K. Fitzhugh Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Fitzhugh while a student at the University of Maine. It includes signatures, comments and photographs of class members as well as programs and photographs of campus life, fraternity and social events, and basketball and track activities. Other items of interest include a score of "The Stein Song" by Rudy Vallée, photographs of the Senior Skulls from 1928, theater and film programs and travel photographs.
Elisabeth L. Friend Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Elisabeth Lineken Friend while a student at the University of Maine. It contains signatures and comments of class members, and photographs, brochures, clippings and memorabilia about campus buildings and activities. Of particular interest are photographs of women's athletic teams and those that document Friend's membership in Phi Mu Fraternity.
Francis H. Friend Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Friend while a student at the University of Maine. It includes signatures and comments of class members as well as programs, photographs and memorabilia of campus activities and fraternity life. Of interest within the scrapbook are photographs of the track team and the house and members of the Kappa Sigma fraternity as well as information about the Senior Skulls.
Student Organizations And Publications. General Student Senate (University Of Maine) Records
Scope and Contents The records mainly contain textual information created by the University of Maine General Student Senate, but there are also photographic material in Box 9, folders 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 55, 59, 64, 70, 77, 84, 87, 89, 96, 97, 106, 111, 112; Box 10, Folder 4, 5, 7, 8, 10; Box 16, Folder 29, a photo & stamp press in Box 9 Folder 59, film strips in Box 8, Folder 15, and a scrapbook of clippings in Box 17. The record series Administrative Records includes meeting minutes,...
Chester Hamlin Goldsmith Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Goldsmith while a student at the University of Maine. It includes signatures and comments of class members as well as programs, photographs and memorabilia of campus activities and fraternity life. Items of interest within the scrapbook include photographs of the Sigma Chi house on the campus as well as photos and postcards of scenes in Orono and Old Town, Maine.
Philip L. Gray Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Gray while a student at the University of Maine. It includes signatures and comments of professors and class members as well as programs, photographs and memorabilia of campus activities and fraternity and social events. Topics of interest within the scrapbook include items documenting Gray's activities as a member of the debating team, Maine Masque and Sigma Sigma Sigma.
John Lawrence Guice Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Guice while a student at the University of Maine. It contains signatures and comments of class members, commencement programs and memorabilia, and photographs of students and buildings on the campus.
Roger Benson Hill Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Hill while a student at the University of Maine. It contains signatures and comments of class members, programs and memorabilia of student activities, and photographs of students and athletic teams.
Barbara Dunn Hitchner Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Hitchner while a student at the University of Maine. It contains signatures and comments of class members as well as programs, photographs and memorabilia of campus activities, social events and the university's athletic teams. Topics of interest within the scrapbook include information about Alpha Omicron Pi sorority and photographs of parades held in Orono to honor soldiers serving in World War I.
In Memento Mori : Doctor Caroline Colvin Scrapbook
A scrapbook about Caroline Colvin compiled by Mary W. Ogborn, a relative of Dr. Colvin.
Dates: 1863-1953 (?)
Fred T. Jordan Scapbook and Memorabilia
Scope and Contents Includes a scrapbook, photographs, memorabilia, etc. maintained by Fred T. Jordan while a student at the University of Maine, 1918-1922. The scrapbook contains signatures and comments of class members, programs of campus events, and photographs of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon house and members, the university football team, etc. Also includes a scrapbook of Avis Strout Jordan, a member of the class of 1923 at the University of Maine. This volume includes photographs of the football team, members...
Clement Ames Lyon Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Lyon while a student at the University of Maine. It includes signatures and comments of class members as well as programs, photographs and memorabilia of campus activities and fraternity life. Much of the volume contains programs, photographs and newspaper clippings about the university's athletic teams, especially the baseball, football and track teams.
Nelson F. Mank Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Mank while a student at the University of Maine. It includes signatures and comments of class members as well as programs, photographs and memorabilia of campus activities. Photos of the house and members of the Sigma Nu fraternity are also included as are photographs of activities of the university chapter of Scabbard and Blade, the national military honor fraternity.
Daphne Winslow Merrill Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Daphne Winslow while a student at the University of Maine. It includes signatures and comments of class members as well as programs, photographs and memorabilia of campus activities and student life. Of interest within the scrapbook are items documenting residents of Balentine Hall, a campus dormitory, as well as materials concerning Winslow's membership in Phi Mu, All Maine Women and other campus organizations.
Lawrence E. Philbrook Scrapbook
Scrapbook containing memorabilia of a college student during the early 20th century. The scrapbook contains photographs, programs, and other items collected during Lawrence E. Philbrook's years as a student on the Orono campus of the University of Maine, from 1912 to 1916. Also includes Beta Theta Pi materials.
Helen Pike Scrapbook
A scrapbook compiled by Pike while a student at the University of Maine.
Faculty Records (University Of Maine). Professor Stevens (James Stacy) Records
Scope and Contents The record groups contains diaries, 1903-1940, of James Stevens recording his and his wife Bertha's daily activities, scrapbooks, ca. 1905-1932, compiled by Stevens and reflecting his interests and accomplishments, and Stevens' diplomas and honorary degrees, 1881-1924, from Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, the University of Rochester, Syracuse University, and the University of Maine as well as membership certificates in the Dickens Fellowship, Phi Kappa Phi, and Tau Beta Pi. Bertha Stevens'...
Student Organizations. Sophomore Eagles and Sophomore Owls (University of Maine) Records
The collection includes records the Sophomore Eagles, an honor society of the University of Maine for women that began in 1926, and the Sophomore Owls, an honor society for men that began in 1910.
Students/Alumni Records (University of Maine). Cobb (Sumner Chase) Scrapbook
Identifier: UA RG 0010 -031
Content Description University of Maine scrapbook of University of Maine alumni, Somner C. Cobb who graduated in 1917. The scrapbook contains play programs, newspaper clippings, personal and professional photographs, Phi Kappa Sigma memorabilia, report cards, and photographs and materials on the UMaine cross country, track and field, and football teams. The materials in this scrapbook date from 1913-1917. In particular, there are photographs and play programs from the Maine Masque Theatre, with photographs of...
Students/Alumni Records (University of Maine). Stewart (Loren F.) Scrapbook
Scope and Contents Scrapbook from University of Maine alumni Loren F. Stewart. The scrapbook contains clippings regarding University of Maine athletics and programs from meets and games, various dance cards, programs, photographs, and memorabilia regarding Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Alpha Tau Omega, clippings and programs from various Maine Masque Theatre performances, clippings regarding a fire at the Delta Tau Delta fraternity house in Orono, a copy of the student handbook (1942), and various clippings and...
Students/Alumni Records (University of Maine). Stewart (Loren Prescott) Scrapbook
Scope and Contents Scrapbook from University of Maine alumni Loren Prescott Stewart. The scrapbook contains photographs of the University of Maine's Orono campus and buildings, students, staff, and faculty, Bananas the University of Maine's mascot, Military Department certificates, clippings and photographs regarding University of Maine athletics and programs from meets and games, various dance cards, programs, photographs, and memorabilia including regarding Sigma Alpha Epsilon and trips Stewart took,...
Dates: 1911-1942?
Greek letter societies -- Maine -- Orono 14
Women college students -- Maine -- Orono 5
Black-and-white photographs 3
College sports -- History -- Maine -- Orono 3
College students -- Societies and clubs -- Maine -- Orono 3
College buildings -- Maine -- Orono 2
Beta Theta Pi. Beta Eta Chapter (University of Maine) 2
Delta Delta Delta. Alpha Kappa Chapter (University of Maine) 2
Phi Mu Fraternity 2
Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Maine Alpha Chapter (University of Maine, Orono) 2
Sigma Nu. Delta Nu Chapter (University of Maine) 2
Stewart, Loren P. 2
Alpha Omicron Pi 1
Alpha Tau Omega 1
Alpha Tau Omega. Beta Upsilon Chapter (University of Maine) 1
Beckler, Warren B. 1
Boardman, H. S. (Harold Sherburne), 1874- 1
Chadwick, Lois L., 1900- 1
Cobb, Richard B. 1
Cobb, Sumner Chase 1
Coffin, Grace Bristol 1
Colvin, Caroline, 1863-1953 1
Crockett, Cyrenus W. 1 | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,933 |
Please note that as these are a reclaimed product they will vary from batch to batch and there is a fair amount of variability within each pack. The pictures are reasonable representations of what the goods will look like but if you require a specific appearance please contact us before placing an order.
We advise you to order at least 5-10% more than you require to account for a small amount of damages and otherwise unsuitable bricks.
Please check that these dimensions are suitable for your use, these bricks are smaller than the most common sizes of bricks.
The London Yellow brick is the most frequently used brick in London, with a yellow colour that is very distinctive and has a very soft appearance. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,934 |
Nine Victorian social enterprises will spend the next four months developing their business plans in partnership with leading companies and business students, in a bid to share in a $1 million investment fund.
Nine Victorian social enterprises – businesses with a social purpose at their core – will spend the next four months developing their business plans in partnership with leading companies and business students, in a bid to share in a $1 million investment fund.
The Crunch initiative, launched by Social Traders, is matching nine innovative Victorians with some of the country's leading companies in a unique social enterprise development challenge.
The entrepreneurs, with the support of business mentors and Social Traders, will develop a fully-scoped plan for their business idea and pitch for a share in a $1 million investment fund.
David Brookes, Social Traders Managing Director says The Crunch incorporates the fun elements of competition and creativity with serious business thinking and investment opportunities.
Brookes says the nine entrepreneurs and their mentors have four months to do the hard work of turning promising ideas into the makings of a viable social enterprise.
He says it is a targeted approach: it is not a grant or a handout – they must develop a business model for an enterprise that is financially sustainable with a social mission at its core.
He says each enterprise will emerge from The Crunch confident that they have a plan to make their social enterprises work and a pitch to help them secure the investment they need to get it off the ground.
The Crunch, modelled on a highly successful UK program called the Spark Challenge, is open to enterprises addressing a broad spectrum of social and environmental challenges. It is being piloted in Victoria in 2010-11 and Brookes hopes it will be expanded to other states in future years.
Activate Australia, a Not for Profit organisation based in Broadmeadows, wants to develop a social enterprise that involves young people in leadership programs for the corporate world.
Brunswick Industries, a social enterprise that employs 60 people with a disability in a retail quality packaging business, wants to expand their business into food packaging to generate more jobs.
Campfire has an idea to build a business that promotes cultural, spiritual and racial tolerance through short films.
Creative Clunes, a Not for Profit community organisation actively working to generate growth and renewal in the village of Clunes.
Energy Innovation Cooperative Ltd is helping Gippsland communities to adopt renewal energy technology that is affordable and appropriate.
North Yarra Community Health wants to establish a for-profit family medical clinic to help fund and expand their community-based health and welfare programs in the Cities of Yarra and Melbourne.
Hub Melbourne, based at Donkey Wheel House in the CBD, is developing a business model to bring the international Hub concept to Melbourne.
Our Shed Community Resource Centre, based in Eaglehawk, wants to develop a business recycling discarded wooden pallets to help fund the centre and its community activities.
Renew Australia wants to develop a business to make empty retail spaces available to artists and community initiatives leading to significant urban renewal.
The Crunch partners in 2010-11 are Telstra Foundation, Australia Post, Leadership Victoria, Melbourne Business School, Transfield Services and Westpac.
Richard Leigh, founder of Campfire, hopes being part of the Crunch will help him to understand what is needed to turn his idea into a viable business model.
Over the last three years, Campfire has operated as an online and live hybrid film festival exploring matters of faith, religion and spirituality. The new business model includes introducing school subscriptions for film downloads, bringing Leigh's multi-faith short films into Australian classrooms.
Leigh says he found out about the Crunch when looking for grant opportunities online, and was amazed to find a program that fits so well with what he is trying to do.
He says he look forward to working with his partners from Australia Post and Melbourne Business School, as well as learning from the other social enterprises through a series of workshops.
John Montague, Chief Executive of UK-based TREES Group, established the Spark Challenge in 2007 with Big Issue Invest founder Nigel Kershaw. Montague says they saw the need to change existing attitudes towards the private sector that were common in the Not for Profit sector, so that organisations could see the potential of forming partnerships with the corporate world.
In creating the Spark Challenge, Montague says they were guided by two principles – to use Government as an enabler, not as a doer; and to form complimentary partnerships with corporates.
Three years on and Montague says the Spark Challenge is now ingrained in the plans of business partners – to the extent where businesses have more people applying to be part of the partnership program than can be placed.
He says the opportunities and lessons learnt from the partnerships have been more valuable to the social enterprises than the investment funds.
Montague says after 3 years, it is evident that the program is a success. Out of 15 winners of the Spark Challenge, only 1 has closed down. He says their own analysis of the social return on investment of the programs shows that each pound of investment has received a 4 pound return over only 2 years.
Social Traders was established in 2008 with seed funding from the Victorian Government and a private Foundation to support the development of social enterprise in Australia.
The $1 million will come from the Social Enterprise Development Fund, which has been established by Social Traders and corporate and philanthropic partners. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,935 |
Come home to the White Mountains! A vacation home or cabin, 2nd home, a forever home, or horse property, waterfront homes, golf homes, the White Mountains of AZ is THE place you need to be! The small friendly communities of Pinetop-Lakeside, and Show Low offer unsurpassed Mountain living among the tall pines. And there's Greer, Heber-Overgaard, Snowflake, Vernon, too, each offering their own special flair, great real estate opportunities, natural beauty and wonderful amenities. The White Mountains AZ is four seasons offering lovely cool summer temperatures, and the beauty of winter snowfalls. It doesn't get any better and you will love it!
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Considered by many to be the finest property in Greer. Over 300 ft. of frontage on the West Fork of the Little Colorado River. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,936 |
Bhikaji Cama Place a symbol of 'utter disdain for public property': Accessibility audit
November 12, 2012 11:09 am | Updated 11:15 am IST - NEW DELHI
Gaurav Vivek Bhatnagar
Roads in the complex are overflowing with sewer water making walking next to impossible.
A recently conducted walkability and accessibility audit of the District Centre Complex at Bhikaji Cama Place has revealed that within seven years of a major renovation at the place by Delhi Development Authority, this commercial complex has again returned to a state of neglect and filth.
The survey conducted by Svayam - National Centre for Inclusive Environments - has taken a close look at the infrastructure or the lack of it in the complex which had come up in 1980 on the basis of the Master Plan of Delhi 1960.
Spread over an area of 35 acres, it comprises commercial and government offices, small and mid-sized retailers, hotels and other allied functions. The complex has high to mid-rise building blocks developed around large plazas and courts.
As per the survey, today the complex has become a symbol of "utter disdain for public property and lack of maintenance" and is in shambles. Though it stands in the heart of South Delhi, the complex today exposes the "apathy of the administration".
Pedestrians forced to walk on roads
"Pedestrian pathways on arterial roads do not provide safe uniform access from Ring Road; from Bhikaji bus shelter near GAIL Building, there is no kerb cut and pedestrian pathway is too high," the survey notes adding that "due to kerb height the elderly are forced to walk on road endangering their lives."
The condition of the pedestrian pathways is also not encouraging. They "have level differences and are unusually high with no kerb cuts" which makes it difficult to access them.
Apart from the entire area being not pedestrian friendly, the survey has also revealed that with buses stopping anywhere and Rural Transport Vehicles ferrying office goers also stopping where they feel like, the chaotic picture gets complete.
The area also provides a picture postcard for a parking mess. Here cars can be seen blocking passages, ramps and almost all pathways. "Arbitrary placement of signage and encroachment by the parking mafia renders the pedestrian pathways inaccessible to all," the report said.
A one-foot pathway
It also notes with concern that commercial expediency has led to a situation where the pedestrian pathways have been reduced to a mere "300 mm" or "one foot" at certain points "which doesn't even allow one person to pass thorough easily".
"Often", due to this, the survey said, the pedestrians "get discouraged and are forced to come on to the road coming in conflict with moving vehicles".
Overflowing sewer water
The survey also found "roads overflowing with sewer water making walking next to impossible" as near a ramp close to Ansal Chamber I. It also noted that several ramps that were provided during the 2005 re-designing exercise have been rendered useless for various reasons.
These reasons range from there being no signs to indicate the access to the ramp; approach to the ramp being unpaved, dirty and or encroached by parked cars; to bollards being placed to block the entry of cars on the ramp actually blocking the ramp.
At many places, it was also revealed that the "ramps have become garbage dumping places due to blockage" (as near HP showroom on August Kranti Marg side). Worse still, in some parts of the complex the ramps have been blocked and converted into garbage dumps.
Entrance to accessible parking encroached
The barrier-free environment of the complex has also been compromised by the manner in which the accessible parking which was made at the ramped entrance from Ansal Chamber – I side has been encroached, the survey said.
Further, it noted that "there was no aisle space for the wheelchair users to disembark and walk/wheel through the parked vehicles to the ramp. The entry to the ramp is blocked by parked cars. One would otherwise get discouraged by the unhygienic passage leading to ramp."
Even when it came to accessing the office complexes and buildings, the survey found that the approaches were in a horrendous shape. "The steps are damaged at several places due to lack of maintenance; have no handrail to assist persons with reduced mobility; and even the approach to these steps is found encroached by parked cars," it said.
Toilet that was never used
Even with respect to the lone free public toilet in the complex which has an accessible unit, the survey found that "the steep ramp and small door makes it inaccessible, though it displays an accessibility sign". Further, the study had also found this accessible toilet unit locked and on opening it found that it was never put to use for which it was intended.
New Delhi / social conditions
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After a gap of three years, Dastkar Exhibition is back in Chennai
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Cognizant appoints former Infosys president Ravi Kumar as CEO, succeeds Brian Humphries
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Roots of the Kashmir dispute
Real Betis vs Barcelona: Spanish Super Cup semifinal, live streaming info, when, where to watch | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,937 |
The success of your sales mission, ROI, and conversion rate depends significantly on one thing: your follow-up.
I know that seems simple, but unfortunately in reality it is not that simple for everyone.
Think about it… You put a ton of energy into building a list of target clients, creating marketing pieces, planning out the event, ensuring you have enough appointments or strong attendance or enough clients to call… All this excitement and build-up happens! Then, it's over. Everyone is happy, relieved and now you have a pile of work waiting on your desk that was put off during all of the commotion to create and execute a successful event or prospecting campaign. So, what happens to the follow-up? Amidst everything else, it tends to get pushed to the side, pushed down on the priority list, ignored or forgotten. Six months later, leadership asks for a status update on whatever happened with that great event or prospecting campaign and oofpah…panic sets in.
So, how to ensure the sales team remains vigilant in the follow-up? That is the magic question with no magic answer, but here are seven pointers that can help get started.
Create a follow-up plan during the pre-plan. Don't wait until after the event or prospecting campaign when you have a daunting and growing "to-do" list. Create a plan of how you will prioritize, track and continue the follow-up to each prospect gathered. Follow-up pieces such as email blasts or templates, marketing materials, etc. should be created or at least conceptualized prior to the actual campaign, with a timeline attached to each piece.
Create a template for every sales person involved to take detailed notes and put a spot on that template for "next steps." Whether the lead is for that particular sales person or a colleague, a consistent form will help everyone understand exactly how and when this client should be reached.
Listen to the client & follow-up how and when they prefer. If someone tells you that they are in the middle of a priority project and they won't complete that and be able to focus on your initiative for another 2 months… Respect their timeline. If a client says they have a tight timeline and need to get something started with you immediately… Be prompt in your follow-up.
Expect to chase. Just because you had an amazing meeting or conversation over the phone initially and the client seemed super excited to work with you doesn't mean you are their only focus. Understand that the ball is in your court, and you are responsible for staying compelling and relevant in the client's mind. Some of my best accounts have taken over a year to close the deal!
Persistence is key, but so is being relevant. Don't just reach out to "check-in." Have a compelling reason to connect with that prospect based on previous conversations. Share information they will find interesting. Show that you've taken time to research and invest in them. This will go much further than a simple "check-in" email. I get a lot of those emails and phone calls myself as a business owner, and I ignore 99% of them. Bring some depth of knowledge the chances of capturing my attention are much higher.
Be reasonable and honest in evaluating the possibilities of working with prospects in the future. Have some kind of scoring system in place that evaluates the opportunity with each client to help prioritize the follow-up. I find that evaluating prospects' potential as a team helps to alleviate the potential of one sales person creating a bias and either wasting time or by-passing something with strong potential.
Track progress through some kind of sales CRM, spreadsheet, etc. Most hotels use a CRM, but it is of the utmost importance to have some kind of tracking system that shows where the lead originates from, every conversation or correspondence, and a trace for a next step.
Remember, only 2% of new business is closed after the first or second contact with that potential customer. 80% of new business closes somewhere between the 5th and 12th contact.
Proactive sales doesn't come easy. Follow-up is the key!
What other pointers or guidelines do you use for your follow-up plan after a sales event or prospecting campaign? Please share!
All these points are right on point. I just want to mention that, after 20 years in the hotel business and another 18 in the chauffeured transportation business, it's all "hospitality", and the points you mention are just as true and important under this general category. Thanks for putting it out there. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,938 |
The growth market of wearables will change the sports industry. After the smartwatch and others, it's now about printed electronics integrated into functional clothing. LOPEC chairman Wolfgang Mildner looks to the future of the innovative industry.
It's often only through printable electronics that high-tech items first become fit for sports.
Wearables are at the moment for most people fitness trackers and smartwatches that provide us with data for our workouts.
Forward thinkers from the cross industry, however, are thinking much bigger. They're thinking about printed electronics, that is ,for example, electronics that athletes wear integrated into their functional clothing.
One expert in this area is Wolfgang Mildner, chairman of the LOPEC, the trade fair for printed electronics, and owner of the technology management company MSW. He analyzed the future of wearables for ISPO.com, and even drew a couple of key take-aways from the sports industry for companies.
ISPO.com: 'Wearables' is a very broadly defined term, what is it precisely that you understand it to mean?
Wolfgang Mildner: If you take the word 'wearables' really seriously – that is, you can wear them – then they're things that you wear directly on your body. But these days it also designates devices you wear near your body – fitness watches, etc.
At the moment, technology still hasn't gotten far enough that wearables can always be worn directly on the body, integrated into textiles for example. We're already seeing that we're in the midst of that development, and we can still expect much more in the wearables field. Regardless of whether it's data collection for amateur athletes, professionals, or even for the medical sector.
So what can I measure with wearables in total?
With wearables in the narrower sense, for example, you can measure temperature, moisture, pulse, and heartbeat.
Apple – according to all accounts – is said to already be working on ways to determine blood sugar levels with wearables to help people with diabetes. Ways to indicate oxygen content in the blood are also being worked on.
Of course there will be different solutions, depending on the respective target group. And, naturally, the time horizon is often different. Solutions are already being put into use in professional sports that would be much too expensive for everyday use.
How far do you think the development will have gotten in five years?
I believe that the measurement values are on the one side, the data and the multitude of sensors. A lot is already possible here.
On the other side, it's crucial that the entire thing is user-friendly. What we'll see in the next five years is that the sensor technology will get thinner and thinner, more and more flexible, and thus more and more portable.
Then comes the next challenge for the industry, and the step after that: Thin and flexible still is not enough. A wearable is only especially good when it's stretchy and integrated into clothing, and adjusts to the body.
Wolfgang Mildner is chairman of the LOPEC.
Of course. I've actually spoken with institutes who say that we can already wash them 30 times, and now we want to get that even higher. Another important point in this context is the topic of "end of life." So can I just throw a wearable away like that? For example, can I just detach parts that need to be recycled?
That also still needs good concepts that need to be embedded into the design from the outset. When it comes to the topic of energy, batteries that is, it's important that they're removable. In the end, I can't wash or just throw away batteries. The challenge, besides the application, is also user friendliness.
I believe that this is often where the biggest hurdles are. If products are meant to be developed quickly and in good quality, these two industries need to begin talking to each other, as soon as possible. Then they can determine what's possible on one hand, and what the challenges are on the other. That can only be figured out in a dialogue.
Nevertheless, experts with entirely different training and backgrounds will have to talk to one another. That's not the norm, but it is very appealing. And the cross-industry approach conveys that, too: experts from different worlds being brought together.
That is also why it's so important that companies, especially from the user side, jump on this bandwagon to learn, help shape things, and set the agenda.
At the World Manufacturers Forum of the World Federation of the Sporting Goods Industry in November, the topic of printed electronics is an important part of the agenda and, for example, there will also be a cross-industry exchange with Productronica . So, where can companies in the sporting goods industry learn even more to get into contact with potential partners?
My suggestion would be attending events like the LOPEC, the trade fair for printed electronics, for example. There, you can listen to lectures and get a market overview. Then you can get into contact not just with individual firms, but with so-called platforms or networks that will then pass things on accordingly.
A very specific example is the OEA, which is an industrial association with 230 members, an international network of suppliers for printed electronics. The association can organize the dialogue as a contact partner. There's also an OEA trade directory available for download.
Is it really sensible to invest in this field of printed electronics, and wearables in the narrow sense?
In point of fact, I keep hearing that it's still too soon. But I believe that it's not too soon to discuss the topic. That's because worlds really are colliding with technology companies and the sports industry.
It's also a matter of getting to know other industries and establishing networks. Only then I can determine when it is the right time to properly get started in the business. But I can only make this decision when I, at the very least, have an overview. That is why I would advise every company to get acquainted with this field today.
In conclusion: What potential application from the cross industry should, in your very personal opinion, be hitting the market as soon as possible?
That is an application that's currently already being tested. We do have an ageing society, I personally think of my father, for whom I'd like to have an undershirt that can say very early on, 'Wait a second, something's not right with your blood pressure or heartbeat.' The wearable should then report that automatically and in good time. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,939 |
The Be Live Grand Marien has a warm Caribbean ambience and a beautiful location beside the soft golden sands of Costa Dorada Beach. This all-inclusive resort is built around an expansive lagoon-like pool with plenty of sun loungers and palapas making it the perfect place to relax and unwind. For the active, there is a wide range of activities on offer with everything from water sports and mini golf to Latin dance classes and theatrical shows. The resort's restaurants and bars are renowned for their quality and service and the newly renovated guest rooms all feature a balcony or terrace with views of either the lush garden or the beach. The Be Live Grand Marien has excellent facilities for family holidays and also suits couples seeking privacy and seclusion. Experience all the charms of a holiday in the Dominican Republic at the Be Live Grand Marien.
The Hotel Be Live Grand Marien has double rooms that are fully equipped with all the necessary amenities to make guests' stays most enjoyable, leaving unforgettable memories of their Dominican holidays on their minds.
The buffet in the Be Live Grand Marien presents a huge variety of foods for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The themed decor and the show coooking are just two of the many valuable assets of this establishment.
Lovers of fine cuisine can choose from the most select dishes on the menu of our hotel's gourmet restaurant, open from 18.30 to 22.00 hours. Reservation required.
Next to the beach and the resort's swimming pool, the Snack Bar offers customers specialty snacks to eat between meals.
La Cohoba is a sports bar featuring a big screen showing live sports. La Cohoba has a night club area for all the hotel guests.
The restaurant Mexican serves all the traditional dishes from Mexico for dinner.
The pool bar in the hotel offers refreshing drinks and live shows. Guests will have lots of fun singing karaoke songs in the pool bar.
Guests at the Hotel Be Live Grand Marien can spend the evening in Casino Diamante. Glamorous and luxurious, the resort's carefully decorated casino will make them feel as in Las Vegas, although with an ever-present Caribbean touch.
In the Dominican Republic, most golf courses are concentrated in the northwest, where the Hotel Be Live Grand Marien is. In fact, Playa Dorada Golf Course is only 5km from the resort, featuring a unique 18-hole course surrounded by the heavenly Caribbean landscape.
Puerto Plata lies between the mountains and the sea, lapped by the calm Caribbean water. One of the best ways of getting around is horse riding, which resort guests can do only 20km from the resort.
The Hotel Be Live Grand Marien is the perfect place for sports lovers. Tennis players can check this for themselves, as the resort features two fully-equipped modern courts for guests to play their favourite without leaving the premises.
Sea bottom treasures, calm waters, and spectacular landscapes turn the Caribbean into the perfect setting for water and underwater sports, like diving. About 20km from the Hotel Be Live Grand Marien, guests can enter the wonderful world of this fascinating sport. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,940 |
Q: What is the name for the third-order tensor of third-order partial derivatives? Given a sufficiently nice function $$f:\mathbb R^n\rightarrow\mathbb R$$ one can define a first-order tensor of all first-order partial derivatives in the standard way to obtain the gradient, and the same kind of idea allows one to construct a second-order tensor of all second-order partial derivatives to obtain the Hessian.
Is there a name for the analogously obtained third-order tensor of third-order partial derivatives? I'm writing a bit of code that uses that object to compute the Hessian of a matrix's eigenvalues with respect to some other voodoo that's probably irrelevant to this question, and if there is a standard nomenclature I'd prefer to use it.
A: Based on the relative silence here at MSE and my inability to find an answer online or at my local university, I'm going to go out on a limb and say that this tensor does not have a standard name.
In my own work, I've simply adopted the nomenclature of $d_0$ for the original function, $d_1$ for its gradient, $d_2$ for the Hessian, $d_3$ for this nonsense, and so on. Strictly speaking, I'm working with maps to $\mathbb R^m$, and each of these tensors is one order higher (e.g. Jacobian rather than gradient)
As somewhat of an aside, if anyone else stumbles across this answer looking for information about what I'm calling $d_3$, as a practical matter one can get often away with an approximation to the product $d_3T$ for an arbitrary tensor $T$, or even just $d_3v$ for an arbitrary vector $v$. There are more complicated schemes that control rounding error better, but one can use the following identity to save on the computation of $d_3$:
$$d_3(x)v\approx\frac{d_2(x+rv)-d_2(x)}r.$$
Simply choose $r$ small enough for the identity to approximately hold and large enough to control rounding error. In the limit they aren't necessarily quite the same, but in practice the following scheme is nearly as simple to implement and controls rounding error better:
$$d_3(x)v\approx\frac{d_2(x+rv)-d_2(x-rv)}{2r}.$$
Since $d_3$ typically dwarfs $d_2$ in total number of elements, this represents a significant savings in time at the cost of a hopefully small amount of approximation error.
A: Yep, we have the Jacobian, Hessian, etc. But for the third order, we have the Ramian matrix.
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 1,941 |
Guest Post: Phyllis Burton - Damsels in Distress
By Debbie Bennett - August 31, 2012
As a writer, do you love the characters in your book, or don't you care what happens to them? You have to care for them a great deal, after all you created them, so you must be a just a little concerned about their welfare. Therefore it follows that you should know everything about them. What makes them tick? What are their needs and hopes for the future? What is their financial status, or what sign of the Zodiac were they born under. What do they look like? Are they fat, thin, or just perfect? I always find that when your main character looks into the mirror, it is quite easy to describe what or who they look like. Or you could ask another character to describe them for you. You must know all of these things, in order to make them seem alive to your readers. They can never be just cardboard cut-outs. Would you send your principal character into danger? Yes, you would probably say, because you and you alone know that you can rescue them whenever you want to: in fact
Guest Post: Sam Stone - Fairtrade Books
Author Sam Stone on why books, like bananas, can be worth paying more for … Over the past few months I've seen stories online that tell us about UK farmers who have been forced to sell their milk to supermarket chains below the cost of production. We're regularly bombarded with information about people overseas who have no choice but to work for a pittance which is so small that they can't afford to live at all. Concerns over the welfare and the right to a 'fair wage' for work done has resulted in a movement which has been labelled 'Fair Trade', where the shops stock coffee, bananas, chocolate and other goods that come under this label. We are encouraged to pay more for these items, as the money paid allows more of the cost to go to those lower down the chain. The aim is, of course, to ensure that the people who do all the hard work growing and making these things in the first place are given better pay, improved working conditions, and that they can work and live on the income t
No, I'm Not A Pirate - by Hywela Lyn
By Hywela Lyn - August 29, 2012
I'm not a Pirate - really I'm not! This week I found a message from KDP in my 'in-box'. This is an portion of what it said: "We contacted you recently regarding Kindle books you have published which contain content that is freely available on the web. We haven't received documentation confirming that you have the necessary rights to publish these books. Please be advised that we take copyright violations very seriously and, as stated in our previous email, a lack of a response or failure to prove you have the exclusive rights to these books may result in the termination of your account. As a result, we have temporarily suspended your ability to publish or change the books in this account. If you have already responded to our inquiry and we somehow missed your response, or you wrote in to Customer Service about it, please reply directly to this message and let us know. Please be advised that we won't accept content that is freely available on the web
Editors, Relationships and a Space Dog, by Enid Richemont
By Enid Richemont - August 28, 2012
Imagine this. You are working with a professional colleague you respect, but have never met (blind date). This colleague has already stated that he admires your work (you now have a relationship of sorts). Indeed, he has commissioned one of your books for publication (it has taken him and his company four years to get to this point) and you have received and signed the contract and the cheque (at this point, the relationship has become more concrete). He expresses active interest in other works, especially one. You are now both considering a work as yet unborn and in gestation, so cooperation, encouragement and loving care will be needed to bring it to life. At this delicate point, your colleague vanishes. Emails are routinely unanswered. You wait. Perhaps he's ill, had an accident, even died? Maybe the gestating work you've shared is no longer loved or needed. Will he pay you the respect of telling you? You can take it - after all, you've been in the business for ov
If It Worked for Dickens - Andrew Crofts
By Andrew Crofts - August 27, 2012
Since Wattpad is proving to be such a fruitful source of readers, (hits for The Fabulous Dreams of Maggie de Beer are now heading towards a quarter of a million after about four months), I am now in the process of putting up a new book, one chapter at a time, (serialisation worked for Dickens after all ...) The Secrets of the Italian Gardener is set inside the palace of a dictator about to be overthrown in the Arab Spring. The story is told by a ghostwriter who, while inside the palace writing a book for the dictator, meets a wise, elderly Italian gardener who gradually unravels the story of who really holds the power and wealth in the world. He literally discovers "where the bodies are buried". As the rebels draw closer to breaching the palace walls the ghostwriter is also struggling with his own breaking heart and an overwhelming burden of guilt. The inspiration for the story comes from the times I have spent during my ghostwriting career amongst the dictator
Paying Homage to the Creator of the Galaxy's First e-Book - by Rosalie Warren
By Rosalie Warren - August 26, 2012
The photo shows yours truly adding a pen to a fine collection in Highgate Cemetery. I didn't want my partner to take this photo, but he took it anyway and I'm quite pleased that he did. It was my first visit to Highgate and the tub of colourful pens caught my attention as I passed what was otherwise a rather unassuming headstone. Stopping to look, I saw it was the grave of one of my greatest heroes and favourite writers, Douglas Adams. As for the connection to this blog... well, The Hitchhikers' Guide to the Galaxy - not Douglas Adams's book but the original (and fictional) work upon which is it based - is arguably the Milky Way's first electronic book, though of course there may be others as yet unknown to our civilisation. It was certainly the first one to reach Earth. This revolutionary piece of technology predated the web and most of the internet, foreshadowing it while Tim Berners-Lee was probably still wrestling with BBC Basic. The entry in it for Earth de
While Reading My Kindle In The Bath... By Susan Price
By Susan Price - August 25, 2012
Or, Kindle Tutorial No. 1 My Kindle in its macintosh Calloo callay oh frabjous day! I can now read my kindle in the bath. The only fault I found with my Kindle was that I dared not read it in the bath – and, when feeling especially tired, I like to spend a couple of hours in hot water, with a tot of single malt, and a good book. But now almost all my reading is done on the Kindle, I have to switch off my current book and exchange it for a paper one that will survive a bath – not ideal when you're in the middle of something gripping. And then I spotted this plastic bag … To be fair, it is a bit more than a plastic bag. It has a waterproof seal, rather like those on re-sealable food bags, but tripled. Those triple seals fold over and are fastened down with press-studs. The kindle can be read and operated through the plastic. There is also this more expensive version from Lakeland , which has a floating cushion, so y
Eight Ebook Publishing Tools I Couldn't Do Without - Stephanie Zia
This post has been published in S parks, A Year In E-Publishing - An Authors Electric Anthology 2011-2012 . It has therefore been temporarily reverted to draft status to comply with amazon KDP Select's requirements.
That was ab-so-lutely fan-tas-tic - Simon Cheshire
By Anonymous - August 23, 2012
Last year, at about this time, I took the exciting Strictly Come Dancing Bowl Of Nibbles Game out from under the bed and blew the dust off its box. So now, in the interests of balance, I've had a rummage in the wardrobe, and now we can all play X-Factor Clock Golf (TM) . Hours of fun for the whole family. The rules are very simple: Play proceeds right to left, except when there's an odd number of players, when the first player to have a go missed is the last player who started. Take a card from the pile and throw the dice twice to determine the order of rounds. Popstar Cards are wild. Watch X-Factor carefully. Score 2 points each time Gary Barlow wears a V-neck pullover without a shirt. Score 5 points each time someone on your sofa says "Nicole who?" Score 5 points each time someone on your sofa says "That Tulisa's really tall, isn't she!" Score a bonus 10 points every time you look at Tulisa and can't rid yourself of an image she w
By Mark Chisnell - August 22, 2012
It's August 22nd - or at least it should be if the blogger.com scheduling has done its thing properly and put this up on time. I'm on holiday - hence the need for the scheduling - and I suspect I'm not alone. In fact, I definitely won't be alone as this is my honeymoon - assuming, once again, that everything has gone to plan. So it seems like a lousy time for another blog on the business aspects of electric books, or even another one on the creative side of novel writing - it's the holiday and we're all reading, aren't we? But if you're not and it's because you're stuck for ideas, then I'm your white knight: here's a quick tour of some of the summer reading lists - I defy you not to find something here to your taste. The Richard and Judy Summer Book Club is a good place to start with ten titles. I'm a thriller writer, so the one that jumps out at me is the new Robert Harris novel, The Fear Index - I'm definitely going t
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Corsets, railway carriages and a lovely free gift!... | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,942 |
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Galaxy Note Edge Success: Hints Towards Next Galaxy Note Edge 2
After many years, very conservative Samsung updated the design and launched a unique phone, but in 2014 the policy of the Korean company to submit new products become different. First we got a smartphone Galaxy Alpha with a new design and Galaxy Note Edge marks a new perspective in the display area.
Samsung had a pretty active marketing campaign Galaxy Note Edge. Now Phablet began spreading on the market. Although the Galaxy Note Edge produced in much smaller quantities than the same Galaxy S5 or Galaxy Note 4. The reason lies in the original display, which is much more difficult to produce. And it costs more.
But besides the display there is a little different. The platform was taken unchanged from the Galaxy Note 4, so that the specifications are very familiar. Phablet based on the Qualcomm Snapdragon processor 805 with four CPU cores at up to 2.7 GHz, while the 64-bit support is only available in the Asian version of Samsung Exynos 5433. Cellular modem has not changed; it supports LTE to the level of Cat 6. Same As for the other interfaces: WLAN standard 802.11ac, Bluetooth 4.0, NFC, microUSB 2.0, 3 GB RAM, 32 GB of flash memory and a slot micro-SD. Finally, you get two cameras 16 and 3.7 megapixels, fingerprint sensors and heart rate, as well as an improved stylus S Pen, familiar to Galaxy Note 4.
Structure and Body has changed a bit because of the curved display. Galaxy Note Edge got the dimensions of 151.3 x 82.4 x 8.3 mm, i.e., the length was about 2 mm smaller width – 4 mm longer; thickness is almost identical, as the weight of 174 g basic design has remained the same, but due to the bending of the right pane, tap expectations had to be moved, it is now located on the top.
Right-handed people will have a significant advantage. If you hold Phablet in right hand and using your left hand, then get to the curved part of the display will be problematic. Manufacturing quality complaints have arisen but Galaxy Note Edge is made to last.
Of course, the display – the most interesting component of the Phablet, although Galaxy Note Edge – is not the only smartphone with curved display. Last year, Samsung showed Galaxy Round, and LG – G Flex, and in the coming years, a range of such devices will increase. Furthermore, both the display device according to prevented any substantial advantage – though manufacturers certainly looked at this question differently. The second attempt Samsung seems somewhat different because instead of horizontal or vertical bending, curved like the current TV, the display has been added to the sidebar at an angle.
Samsung Galaxy Note Edge is just an example of uniqueness and Samsung fans are expecting something more from the second generation Galaxy Note Edge 2 and Galaxy S7 Edge. But when it would be released, is no more mystery. We could expect the launch of the device just after the Galaxy Note 5.
Galaxy Note Edge Galaxy Note Edge 2 Note Edge samsung Samsung Galaxy Note Edge
Child Accident Compensation Claim: Injury Caused by Another Child At School | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,943 |
Over the past few week, there have been very few times when the clouds have parted and given way to the bright, winter sun. However, when those moments occurred, the contrast was striking and thankfulness soared within my spirit. But I was not alone in that sentiment within our house. Our young kitten and old dog both found their way into the rays cast on the carpeted floor and relaxed in the warm sunlight. Once I even caught them sharing the same window!
It's easy to catch the analogy here – we should be creatures who enjoy the warmth of the light of Him who is pure. But it can be very difficult to understand practically what actually means. We may think that it includes studying the Scriptures, praying, tithing, worshipping, and investing in people (just to name a few spiritual practices). It can, but it's also possible to engage in these good practices and still be "walking in darkness." Exhibit A: The ancient Pharisees.
So then, how can we know if we are people who are "walking in the light" and growing in Christlikeness? For John, the answer to this begins with considering one's heart towards Jesus and continues by considering one's heart towards Christian community.
Do you long to learn more about the truth in God's Word? Do you desire to live in more of Jesus' life-giving presence? Do you seek to lovingly obey His commands even if it means going against the flow of the surrounding culture or your interpersonal community? If so, your spirit is likely "walking in the light" with a loving humility towards Jesus.
Here are a few other questions…Do you love the fellowship of Christian community more than the things of this world? Do you seek to love brothers and sisters in Christ even when it's hard? Do you desire to share your life and resources with other Christians especially during times of need? If so, your spirit is likely "walking in the light" and leaning into the eternal significance of authentic Christian fellowship.
I hope that you have begun this New Year with a renewed desire to establish healthy habits of loving, learning and living in Jesus within the community of FMC. If not, today's a great day to begin and 1 John is a great letter to keep us walking in the right direction! The life-giving light of Jesus is available for you even as the cold of winter continues. Let's keep "walking in the light" together! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,944 |
Home / Dating Tips / 5 Craziest Stalker Stories
5 Craziest Stalker Stories
May 1, 2015 by Sally Reiling
There's a very fine line between doing a little harmless Facebook casual-stalking (emphasis on the CASUAL part) and full blown cyber-stalking. Some people tend to get that line totally wrong, and they become so fixated on another person that they literally think of them as "theirs".
We've all heard of one or two stalker stories that downright give us the creeps. Stalkers are as real as sliced bread, and they are everywhere to be found. If you think you've heard it all, just take a look at some of the outrageous tales that happened to people out there.
The website oddee.com has some scary stories that will make you rethink the steps that creeps will take in order to get a hold on you. They have a whole bunch of stories up there that would make every hair on your body rise, but we've picked out the best ones.
If you want to read the frightful full post, then head on over to 10 Scariest Stalkers
1. Woman with Forehead Tattoo Stalks Probation Officer
Jamie Calloway – A.K.A Jamie Godhead Platinum got arrested in 2012 for stalking a female police officer that she met while she was in jail. The thirty-three year old woman has a tattoo with the word "GOD" tattooed on her forehead, and believed solidly that the police woman was her lover, calling her, sending her packages via mail and even slashing her tires. Talk about losing your head…
2. John Hinckley Jr. Shot the President to Impress Jodie Foster
Admittedly, most of us have heard about this story, but it's still just too darn creepy. With the intent of stalking the actress Jodie Foster his sole objective, John Hinckley Jr. enrolled at Yale University in 1980 just so that he could get close to Foster, who was focusing on her studies at the time. What started out as just plain love notes and poems soon turned into a disaster waiting to happen.
On the 30th of March 1981, Hinckley sent Foster a note telling her of his intention of assassinating the US President, Ronald Reagan. He managed to do just that, but sadly for him the only thing he'll be impressing are the walls of his sanatorium cell. He got institutionalized after being found not guilty by Reason of Insanity.
3. Man Stalked Olympian Shawn Johnson
When the 36 year old Robert O'Ryan was arrested in March of 2009, it was with due reason. He drove all the way from Florida to California to stalk the Olympic Gold Medal winning Gymnast Shawn Johnson. Police arrested him while he tried to break into the set of Dancing with the Stars, where Johnson was a contestant.
In his car, police found a loaded shot gun, duct tape, a loaded hand gun and love letters in his car. He claimed that he was able to communicate telepathically with celebrities and heard Johnson communicating with him (probably in a sixth sense way) while she was performing at the Beijing Olympics.
4. One of Madonna's Crazies
It comes without reason that superstars such as Madonna have quite a few encounters with stalkers. One of the downright creepiest cases though was that of Robert Dewey Hoskins. This highly psychotic 54 year old was institutionalized after serving 10 years in prison. Hoskins made life threatening remarks such as wanting to slice Madonna's throat and he even went to her home, jumped the fence and into her pool, before being shot by a security guard.
5. 60 year old Pedophile Stalked Laura Dekker
Gerard W. aged 60 stalked the 16 year old Laura Dekker (who was the youngest person to complete a solo journey across the world in 2012) for over a year. When he was arrested, Gerard had loads of pornographic material of children in his possession. He came out with the truth about sending Laura a bunch of emails and also fessed up to creating a nude photo of Dekker which he produced himself. Poor old sicko eventually turned himself over to the cops and did his share of prison time.
Being stalked by someone leaves you feeling totally helpless and utterly harassed, and what's worse is that most stalkers are so mentally unbalanced that your uncooperative "behavior" could easily send them into overdrive and flip their killer switch.
Thanks to anti-stalking laws of the modern day, there is some way of protecting yourself against these creeps, but sadly it took countless acts of stalking gone wrong (ending in death for the victim) before these laws were put into place.
To learn some online dating tips, click here.
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Questions To Ask A Babysitter | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,945 |
Faces & Places of Yesterday
Female Students Exercising in the Gym (1899)
What a fascinating series of photographs. These were taken by Frances Benjamin Johnston around 1899 and we dug this up at the Library of Congress. It shows a group of young women exercising in the Western High School gymnasium.
young women exercising with dumbbells at Western High School
young women play basketball at Western High School
young women exercising with bowling pins at Western High School
young women exercising with bizarre apparatus
young woman exercising at Western High School
Frances Benjamin Johnston
Western High School
Murder Bay, the Rough-and-Tumble Lost Neighborhood
Babe Ruth Runs Into Wall; Knocked Unconscious
1916 Convention of Ex-Slaves in D.C.
Who Was Frank Morris? He Escaped Alcatraz. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'} | 1,946 |
This report considers concerns that some medical professionals in England are unable to get the help they need and covers the stories of doctors; Sophie Spooner and Richard Harding who took their own lives after struggling with their mental health.
The report cites figures from the Office for National Statistics, covering England which showed that between 2011 and 2015, 430 health professionals took their own lives. Dr Clare Gerada commented; "Doctors are at an incredibly high risk for mental illness...Female doctors have up to four times the risk of suicide in comparison to people in the [general] population."
"Physicians take their own lives when many diverse and overwhelming forces come together all at once—a perfect storm of biopsychosocial factors. There is no one reason why a physician might die by suicide and many factors can be at play. It is important that we are aware of these factors and understand them, so that we can try and support our colleagues."
"The group members talked about their guilt and grief, revisiting the unanswerable question, "what if." They also shared their anger at how they felt "the system" had contributed to the death of their loved one. They made real what research has told us: that suicide is more common among doctors (especially women) than in other professional groups; that doctors suffer from personal, professional, and institutional stigma when trying to seek help for mental health problems; and that complaints are a substantial contributing factor in doctors' suicides."
Agnes shares her learning from historical perspectives and research and says there is a need to consider; "a third way [to support doctors' wellbeing]. We need to work out what we did right, do away with programmes and policies that only place demands on individual doctors, and think about how we might adapt systems that have been successful in the past to a 21st century world and workforce."
The NHS Practitioner Health Programme is proposing a national code of conduct for the support of doctors and other healthcare professionals (HCP) subject to complaints, stating that doctors and other HCPs are frequently subject to complaints in the NHS but the NHS Complaints procedure does not contain any formal guidance or support for HCPs.
The NHS Practitioner Health Programme found that of those doctors who had died (through suicide or unexpected accidental death) the majority were involved with GMC issues. Amongst living PHP patients, the GMC is involved in around 10% of cases, compared to 56% of the patients who died from accidents, suicide or overdoses.
In today's NHS, patients are encouraged to complain about the service they get from their doctor and unsurprisingly, the number of complaints received by the NHS is reported to have increased by 5% in the last year alone. Patients seem to be more demanding than ever of their 'wants', which can often be in conflict with their 'needs', and the doctor has precious little time (or emotional energy) to explain why, for example, a referral for a gastroscopy is not the right investigation, or another MRI scan will not find the cause of their unexplained pain.
Whilst complaints might be difficult for patients to make, they very hard for doctors to accept. Complaints therefore have two victims. The complainant and the doctor. The complainant in each case has a tried and tested framework which all parties (managers, clinicians, system) have to follow (in terms of time for response, who responds, what the response should contain and so on). The doctor about whom the complaint is received has no such framework. They are instead left to the vagaries of their employer or organization, adding anxiety to an already anxious situation. The doctor is very much kept in the dark. A complaint can take months or even years to pass through the various processes, leaving the doctor caught in the middle of a confusing matrix of fear, uncertainty and anxiety. For more serious complaints, delays are an inevitability – time is needed to prepare a response, gather information, seek expert views and so on. But the anxiety caused by the time taken for resolution adds to the emotional toll on the doctor.
For many doctors (who, after all, are perfectionists) feel a complaint to be personal, an attack on their core sense of self and on their vocational values. A doctor's response to a complaint is often similar to the stages of bereavement and it can be deeply painful, both physically and emotionally. Doctors have described receiving a complaint as similar to receiving a diagnosis of a terminal disease. Others that the complaint is felt with such force that they literally feel a heavy weight on their chest wall, or a tightness in their throat. Following shock there is a stage of denial ('this can't be happening to me'), often closely followed by anger, shame, fear and, in fact, a host of terrible and probably unfamiliar emotions. Most doctors experience a sense of isolation, erroneously feeling that they are the only ones who have ever had a complaint. After these stages, there hopefully follow resolution and acceptance, made easier if the complaint is handled professionally and where they are supported by their Medical Defence Organisation, family or colleagues.
For some, though, there is a prolonged grieving phase, especially so if the complaint is not addressed kindly, compassionately and in a timely manner, if the complaint is escalated through regulatory or disciplinary processes, or as so often happens, both. Research by Bourne et al has shown that for doctors, a complaint increases the chances of further defensive action, depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and sadly even suicide. They found that doctors who have had a complaint are 77% more likely to suffer from moderate to severe depression than those who had never had a complaint. In 2012, the GMC found that there were high rates of suicide among doctors going through their processes, and whilst correlation does not mean causation, their findings must nevertheless be taken seriously. At the NHS Practitioner Health Service (PHP), a service I run for doctors and dentists with mental illness, we found that of those doctors who had died, the majority were involved with GMC issues. Amongst living PHP patients, the GMC is involved in around 10% of cases, compared to 11/21 (52%) of patients who have died and 9/16 (56%) of the patients who died from accidents, suicide or overdoses.
What should you do when the complaint lands on your desk? First and foremost, do nothing. Do not respond, do not fire off an email or write a letter to the patient, even if pressurized by your employer/trainer or colleague. Do not rant and rave (not publicly anyway). If you can, take the rest of the day off. If not, organise to meet someone you trust, soon. There are deadlines to meet, processes to follow but they can wait till tomorrow or next week. Nothing needs to be done on the day of the complaint and everything can wait until the first waves of shock have passed. Following on from this, speak to someone. A complaint (especially if potentially serious) will leave you shocked. Try not to be alone. A problem shared really is a problem halved, and at the very least will help add balance to the complaint as well as practical help in how do deal with it. Talking allows for perspective. Complaints are common. Most complaints are handled informally and even those which are not have good outcomes. Whilst complaints hurt, they do get resolved (even if the resolution is not entirely to your satisfaction). At the earliest opportunity, contact your Medical Defence Organisation (even if the complaint is trivial), talk to colleagues, your family, practice manager, support group, the practitioner health service, the BMA doctors support service and/or local medical committee representative (if you are a GP) and your bank for financial advice. Do not suffer in silence.
Finally, try not to take the complaint personally. A complaint does not mean you are a bad doctor. It does not negate all the good work you have done in your life. It does not make you a bad person. Remember, each one of us at some point in our career has had at least one complaint, and some of us many more. This is more about the system we are working in rather than any personal failing on the individual.
NHS Digital. (2018). Data on written complaints in the NHS, 2016-17 - NHS Digital. [online] Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/data-on-written-complaints-in-the-nhs/data-on-written-complaints-in-the-nhs-2016-17 [Accessed 29 Apr. 2018]. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,947 |
Need help? 112 is your life-saving number! 112 is the European emergency phone number, available everywhere in the EU, free of charge.
You can call 112 from fixed and mobile phones to contact any emergency service: an ambulance, the fire brigade or the police.
A specially trained operator will answer any 112 call. The operator will either deal with the request directly or transfer the call to the most appropriate emergency service depending on the national organisation of emergency services.
Operators in many countries can answer the calls not only in their national language, but also in English or French. If the caller does not know where he is, the operator will identify where the person making the call is physically located and will pass it to the emergency authorities so that these can help immediately.
112 is also used in some countries outside the EU - such as Switzerland and South Africa - and is available worldwide on GSM mobile networks.
112 functions alongside existing national emergency numbers. Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania and Sweden have opted for 112 as their only national emergency number.
112 operators respond only to real emergencies. They do not provide traffic and weather reports, general information or answers to queries.
Hoax Calls to 112 are a waste the time and money of the emergency operators and can also be dangerous and a criminal offence in most countries.
Find more information on the implementation of 112 in the European Union on 112 in your country.
The EU telecoms rules ensure that Europeans can call European emergency number 112 from any type of phone, wherever they are in Europe.
The European Commission promotes the 112 European emergency number and the development of emergency communications through communication campaigns.
Every year on the 112 day, the European Commission publishes its report on the implementation of the European emergency number.
The European Commission also supports specific projects on emergency communications.
Every child and young person must know what to do in case of an accident or fire. If parents and educators teach young people which number to call and what to do when they are in difficulty, they will know how to act in case of a real accident.
The Kids corner has some child-friendly material that will help educate children and young people on 112.
See also 112 on Your Europe website. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,948 |
Ophiobolus intermedius är en svampart som först beskrevs av Augusto Napoleone Berlese, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Grove 1930. Ophiobolus intermedius ingår i släktet Ophiobolus och familjen Leptosphaeriaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Källor
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intermedius | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'} | 1,949 |
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Towards the land of life and peace from U.S military Base
Korea Report on U.S military responsibility
During 2005' inspection of the Ministry of Environment by the National Assembly, environment of U.S. Army camps in Korea was concerned. Some members of Committee of Environment and Labour insisted Korea government should be receded cleaned up U.S. Army Bases which were contaminated by military training and environment pollution accidents by U.S. Army, also need to examine U.S. Army's responsibility and ask compensation from U.S. Army.
▲ The closed u.s base in 2005. the placard shows that "It has been completed to relocate the U.S military base here"
According to Korea and USA agreement of LPP(Land Partnership Plan) in 2004, over 34 U.S. military bases in Korea will be return to Korean government by 2011. LPP schedule is still be adjusting because changing strategy of the U.S military and more U.S. Army bases in Korea which changed their mission will be returned to Korean Government once in a while. In 2005, total 32 U.S. Army bases were receded to Korean government.
However Nothing was returned to Korea because U.S military is trying to deny the responsibility of clean-up.
During the inspection the Ministry of Environment confirmed that total 14 in 15 U.S. Army camps were found ground and water pollution after evaluation of environment of U.S Army bases which scheduled return to Korean Government Ground is contaminated mostly by TPH, BTEX, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium and Copper etc, also water is polluted by TPH, Benzene, Phenol, PCE and Xylene etc.
Phenol paralyze the central nervous system and corrode human tissue, Benzene cause reduced leucocyte, black out and convulsions. PCE is classified a carcinogenic substance. Xylene is know as a pollution substance stimulate bronchus, cause vertigo and vomiting.
The degree of contamination of returned U.S. Army bases can imagine according to pollution accidents during U.S. military used the bases. According to Green Korea's research throughout news, field survey and reports, the late of 90's almost 100 U.S. bases and facilities were reported 66 cases of pollution accidents and 77% are oil leakage accidents.
▲ The outside of U.S base contaminated by the leakage of oil from Camp Howeze at 2002. ⓒLee Yong Nam
Last year the reports was revealed which made by the Ministry of Environment to reported National Security Committee, it says over USD 100,000,000 will be needed to clean up Yongsan Garrison in Seoul.
The problem is that Korean Government and local government will be taken all responsibility regarding contamination which discovered after returned. So Korean Government should evaluate pollution status and must demand responsibility to U.S. Armed Force in Korea.
For instance Japan government and local government charged clean up 5 cases of pollution discovered after returned bases.
According to "Tab a to the joint environmental information exchange and access rpocedures" Korea and USA agreed in 2003 they will start joint research for contamination before 1 year return bases and discovered pollution will be cleaned up by U.S. Armed Force in Korea.
But if the U.S. military in Korea refused release information regarding contamination even the National Assembly, press and Korean people can not know about clean up process because "the Tab" approved it legally.
For example Chuncheon City where Camp Page located, they got the result of environment pollution report by orally only. Even the local government can get the result orally from the Ministry of Environment of Korea and U.S. Armed force in Korea. This is the first experience for us regarding receded and clean up the U.S. Army bases but we can learn from other countries cases.
In 1992 the hundred of Fillipino who lived former U.S base in Philippine died by leukemia and cancer due to contaminated underground water and in 2003 closed former U.S. Navy training site in Puerto Rico Vieques, a cancer rate of residents is 28% higher than main land of Puerto Rico.
Experts are expecting at least 20 ~ 30 years need to clean up contamination. In spite of serious situation environment of U.S. Army bases, the U.S. Armed Force in Korea authorizes U.S. Army bases as a wildlife sanctuary and control the local people's access to there even they do not clean up contamination properly it make the local people protest against the U.S. Armed Force in Korea. In 1994 closed firing lange of Hawaii Kaho'olawe took 10 years to eliminated 70% of shells, this case tell us that clean up pollution in former U.S. Army camps needs so long time.
The Minister of Environment was questioned by some members of Committee of Environment and Labour during the inspection regarding contamination of U.S. Army bases in Korea and he promised that the Ministry of Environment will try to solve problems of information release, execution precise research for pollution and imperfect clean up process throughout Committee of Environment in SOFA(the Status of Forces Agreement)
Usually apply polluter pays principle to environment accident. No exception for U.S Army bases pollution accidents in Korea. We should be ready ourselves for be receded U.S. Army camps caused many problems in local community since last 50 years and Korean government must do their best effort to receive cleaned up the land of U.S. Army bases which the life and peace coexist together.
79.1 % of Koreans believe that the US should clean up pollution within US military bases (7)
Towards the land of life and peace from U.S military Base (3)
Germany Report on US military bases (4)
PHILIPPINE REPORT on U.S military bases (7)
그랜드 감사 우수 이 항목!
니다 몹시 연극 . I 이 없습니다 에 내 친구
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Home Commentary 'Mandinka is not a tribe and before 1864, there were no ...
'Mandinka is not a tribe and before 1864, there were no Mandinka speaking people in Gambia' says Jammeh – My response
The fallacy of a name
1. Our next question we need to ask is what are the geographical limits of the area called Gambia, Gambra or Cambia? Out of curiosity, I decided to look up the word Gambra and found that it is associated with a Spanish last name. I was surprised and shocked. Have we ever been visited by the Spaniards? If that were the case, then we have a lot to dig up.
The Portuguese traded long enough to leave impacts on our culture and language. The local word kalero (cooking pot) are borrowed Spanish words.
My take on this is that the names Gambia, Gambra, Cambia have nothing to do with the indigenous people that inhabited that part of West Africa. Every time the name Gambia comes up, research tends to give its genealogy to foreign contact. So Gambia, Gambra, or Cambia are foreign names given to us by outsiders partly (my belief) to problems in translation. We never gave ourselves this name. In ancient times, oral history is very scanty about a region called Gambia. It never existed. We had our own kingdoms like Walo, Saloum, Niumi, Baddibu, Niani, Jimara, Kantora, Niamina, Jarra, Kombo, Eropina and so on but never Gambia or Gambra or Cambia.
Senegal, it appears to have only one narrative regarding their name: Sunu Gal, corrupted from the Lebu phrase which means "our canoe" who according to some accounts were docked at a shore from Cap Verde and as always, it was an encounter with outsiders and a loss of translation which gave rise to the name Senegal. At least, they have worked hard to narrow their evolution to a single event. We have not because we are too lazy to do it and expect outsiders to come and do it for us.
It might sound radical, but may be its time to retire the name Gambia and we call ourselves what we have always called ourselves by choosing one of the many kingdoms in the area. It may be tough sell because we seem to be dogged in tribal identities more than a national identity. But if we are to be proud people, we have to take a name our ancestors gave us not what appears to be a corrupted translation problem. What have we done for ourselves at the time of independence? We could not even write our own national anthem and yet we keep talking about independence, sovereignty this and sovereignty that. So our name Gambia is an inaccurate translation of events. Who wants to bear a name that is deficient?
So if President Jammeh says that Mandinkas were not part of The Gambia before 1864, I wonder which Gambia he was talking about because we have never called ourselves Gambia and so if his premise was about who are the indigenes, my response will be that the indigenes he was trying to promote and sell, will be surprised and would ask him where Gambia is because they never were Gambian and have never named any region called Gambia. Can you begin to see the fallacy in the name Gambia? It is not based on any indigenous event, activity or anything of that sort. It almost always takes a foreign dimension to a local event. So Jammeh is wrong about Gambia because prior to foreign contact, there never was Gambia and if he is a true pan-Africanist as he claims, I wonder in awe, how he can, at best, tout a name that is foreign in the first place and at worst deny an indigene (the Mandinka) an identity by using a foreign name and an imaginary boundary that most probably was drawn by a foreigner who had no right or privilege in the area in the first place.
2. Kandema Silo Lay Sila Baa (Mandinka initiation song)
Another surprise to Jammeh would be that the region called Casamance which he was trying to promote was not always called Casamance. That land was Manding territory under the Mali Empire, with Kaabu as an overseer. To appreciate this history, please watch the YouTube video. To my female readers, please do not watch, because this video is rooted in an oath I took as a young Mandingo boy while on a three-month initiation training in the thickets of my village to never divulge what I learnt (don't take it seriously). But circumstance is forcing me to come in the open. For the men, please watch especially where they are singing "Kandema Silo lay, Sila baa…". The song is nothing but a reinforcement of the evolution of the Mandinka people in our sub-region and to teach initiates the migration routes and a reconfirmation to them that what they were being subjected to, were in fact sanctioned by their forefathers centuries ago and so they must strive to continue the tradition. The song is simply a validation of the history of the Manding migration.
I would apologise to my Kintangno (name of an initiate's prefect) because he will be disappointed in me sharing this publicly but I am sure he would also be happy that I have not wasted my three months training in the thickets where I was taught to defend myself, my family, my community and my ethnicity. Where I was trained self-defence, hunting, respect for the individual I come into contact with, and also sign language that could only be decoded by initiates. This was Mandinka secret society at its best.
May be Jammeh never realised that the Mandinka people have for centuries taught their young their history or perhaps, there are not any left now to narrate it. I can assure you that this history is still alive and kicking especially if you are from LRR, CRR or URR. The bulk of the impact of Kaabu and Manding migration were in these areas as this was the route used by Tiramakang on his assault on Walo kingdom.
That land called Casamance in modern times was called Kandema according to legendary Sidiki Jobarteh, a celebrated jali in Mali, Gambia, Guinea and Senegal. Kandema was administered from Pakau, a part of Kaabu. Kaabu was annexed by Tiramakang on his way to fight the King of Walo, Ndiadiane Ndiaye who provoked Sundiata when he seized Sundiata's horses and sending his men to report to Sundiata that he never knew a Mandinka with horses and gave them a dog instead to take to Manding. Those familiar with ancient Manding songs "soosa le jo Tiramakang…" was invented as a result. I will get back to this in more detail in Part 3. This is a snippet.
If you are still not satisfied with the origins of Casamance, please watch the video from the perspective of the Fulani who lived in the area and how Fulladu as a kingdom emerged in the area. Fulladu is by all accounts not a Fulani name but a name given to the Fulani in the area by the Mandinka to mean the place where the Fulani live when they migrated from Macina. The narrator who is Fulani by ethnic origin, and of the Baldeh family, who dominated the area, admits to the fact that it was Manding territory. I am sure we can all agree that Kolda is part of Casamance. So if Jammeh is trying to promote a region that most probably did not exist in its current form by 1864, I don't know how he could deny the fact that the people who controlled the area were not indigenes.
Further evidence of the Mandinka control of what is now known as Casamance can be found in the book Historical Dictionary of Gambia by Arnold Hughes and Harry A Gailey pp104 confirming earlier accounts by Mungo Park (1795), and Francis Moore both alluding to Mandinka control of the area. Mungo Park travelled in our region in 1795 and his confirmation clearly predates 1864 which is the subject of contention. So how can the Mandinka be strangers or foreigners in a Gambia that never existed? Gambia is a myth in so far as our indigenous history is concerned.
To appreciate the writing, you have to travel to the region and you will be surprised how mixed Casamance is. The Fulani and Mandinka appear to be in the majority. History can be cruel and I am sorry if I rubbed your shoulders badly. This is why our elders for the most part, have kept historical accounts to their chest to ensure a peaceful coexistence, instead of touting accounts of the past which only breed suspicion and unearth old wounds. Enjoy the video. Warning, it's long though.
3. What is a tribe?
We cannot also do justice to the response if we do not define the meaning of the word tribe. The best definition obviously may not be in an English dictionary but from the perspective of anthropology which deals with the origins, the physical and social customs, cultural development and biological characteristics of mankind and how they evolve over time. I looked for the definition of tribe in an encyclopedia and this is what I found:
"A tribe is a human social system existing before the emergence of nation-states, and, in some cases, continuing to exist independent of the state structure. Historically, tribal societies consisted only of a relatively small, local population".
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Tribe
This definition of tribe clearly does not fit the Mandinka people. So one thing Jammeh said above and he was right about is that the Mandinka people are not a tribe. That I agree. Please take it as a compliment. For a group of people to be classified as a tribe, they had to be small and in most cases operate outside of formal structures. I don't need to talk about the formal bureaucracy that evolved throughout Manding history. From the Manding Charter proclaimed in Kurukan Fuga in 1235 (was inscribed in 2009 (4.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity kept by Unesco), to the formation of one of the most influential empires in Africa, the University at Timbuktu with over 10,000 students studying literature, astrology and algebra well before the emergence of universities in the West and the advancement of military science, Manding people certainly cannot and should not be classified as a tribe because they operated formal institutions not outside of a state structure. They had coded laws with functioning judiciary as "primitive" as one may want to describe them but certainly well advanced for its time and period in comparison to what happened in other societies around the world during a comparable period.
You hear me right. A war plan and battle field formation studied still to this day. There is a reason why some regiments are called the "Quiver Carriers". Manding army had 16 divisions each headed by a clan and her military was called the "Djon-Tan-Nor-Woro". They were the Conaté, Coulibaly, Traoaré, Koné, Dannyoko, Magassouba, Jawara, Dabo, Jallow, Diakité, Sidibé, Fakoli, Sangaré. The remaining three clans were each represented by two as follows: Dereba-Kamissoko; Camara-Komagara; Bagayogo-Sinayogo.
With a written N'KO language in use for nearly 68 years, certainly a Mandinka cannot be described as a tribe. The language is gathering speed and popularity and taught at university.
In fact, it's safe to say that there is no tribe in The Gambia and it should be made a derogatory term to describe any group in The Gambia as a tribe. It's offensive because we have a central government and we are all subservient to the supreme law of the land and that is the Constitution. We are affected by the decisions of the central authority irrespective of where we live within the territorial boundaries of that land called Gambia. So it's also a fallacy to address anyone as a tribe or belonging to a tribe in the current Gambia. There are few people around the world that qualify to be called a tribe and they are certainly not in The Gambia. Perhaps a few in the Amazon jungle who still live in small groups and almost unaware of the bigger society outside of the Amazon may qualify.
4. Are you sure of your last name?
We sometimes seem to classify people just by looking at their last name. But the fallacy is that many people adopted different last names as they moved around the region for various reasons. Some did it to blend and find acceptance especially among a dominant group, some for security while others simply changed their last names because they were slaves who gained their freedoms and adopted the last names of their patrons. These things happened. So we have to be careful in quickly categorising people based on last names.
What if I tell you that the Joiner in Banjul are in fact Mandinka people. I read it somewhere years ago that the patriarch was a Mandinka slave sold in the Americas but who was able to gain his freedom and return to Gambia in 1805. His name was Thomas Joiner and he died in 1842. He traded upcountry and became a very successful businessman even before Banjul was founded in 1816. He had over 100 employees working for him and his business extended all the way to Sierra Leone, Cape Verde, Isles de Los and the Maideras. This is also confirmed by Arnold Hughes and Harry A Gailey.
So we have to be careful of categorising simply by a last name.
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require 'spec_helper'
describe Safeword do
it 'has a version number' do
expect(Safeword::VERSION).not_to be nil
end
describe '.new' do
it 'instantiates a blocker' do
instance = described_class.new
expect(instance).to be_an_instance_of(Safeword::Blocker)
end
context 'when no parameters are passed in the constructor' do
it 'instantiates an enabled Blocker' do
instance = described_class.new
expect(instance).to be_enabled
end
end
context 'when initialized with enabled: false' do
it 'instantiates a disabled Blocker' do
instance = described_class.new(enabled: false)
expect(instance).not_to be_enabled
end
end
end
end
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Materials & Construction: Chromed steel frame, foam cushions upholstered in leather.
Background: Commonly associated with the phrase "less is more," Mies van der Rohe is considered by many to be one of the forefathers of Modernist design. A firm believer in the value of clarity and simplicity, Mies, like many of his Modernist contemporaries, sought to create works that embraced industrial manufacture and "honest" design. The Barcelona chair, created for the German Pavillion at the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona (also a Mies design), is one of Mies' crowning achievements. A perfect amalgam of his design philosophies, the Barcelona chair saw Mies playing with sculptural forms and rich material while maintaining a simple, easily mass-produced design. Later picked up by the American manufacturer Knoll, the Barcelona chair remains in production (and popular demand) to this day, a common fixture in luxe apartments and hotels around the world.
I have a couple of Barcelona chairs and did something sacrilegious – I had new cushions made in a grey tweed fabric. I know – the upholsterer looked at me sideways but agreed to do it. I still have the original black leather.
BTW, it's a challenge to find an upholsterer who can handle the tufting involved – like the egg chair, you need someone who knows what they are doing.
They live in my reading nook at the top of the stairs.
Did you know that Mies van der Rohe designed it to the throne were the Queen of Spain would seat during the inauguration of the German Pavilion? Unfortunately she was a quite old-fashioned lady and she thought it was not elegant enough for the end of her royal back… And refused to seat on it!
I love love a Barcelona Chair! Perfect, I had almost forgotten how much. I am going to search some out for my new office studio space, thanks for the reminder! | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,955 |
Jakarta Detective Agencies Indonesian Private Investigators Jakarta Part of the Wilsons Detectives Group – Incorporating Anthony Bryan Corporate intelligence Jakarta.
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Jakarta officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island Java, it is the centre of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. The Greater Jakarta metropolitan area has an area of 6,392 square kilometers, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration after Tokyo with a population of 30,214,303 as of 2010 census. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of many communities and cultures. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, but is commonly referred to as a city. The Jakarta provincial government consists of five administrative cities and one administrative regency. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,956 |
Q: phonegap build app in android geolocation timesout I've been trying to figure this out for over a month so its probably something really simple that I missed. I get the message "code: 3 message: Position retreival timed out."
LOCATION CALL
var watchID = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(watchSuccess, watchError, { timeout: 30000, enableHighAccuracy: true });
CONFIG.XML
<feature name="http://api.phonegap.com/1.0/geolocation"/>
<gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.geolocation" />
Under watchSuccess I have the following code:
console.log("accuracy: " + position.accuracy + "LAT: " + position.lattitude + " LONG: " + position.longitude)
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'} | 1,957 |
The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) will start producing some categories of the Egyptian currency in the form of plastic form by 2020 from its press at the New Administrative Capital, the CBE announced days after Bank of England revealed issuing its new plastic £50 note.
Britain, which is currently issuing plastic £5 and £10 notes with plans to print plastic £20 notes in 2020 and £50 notes by the summer of 2019, is not the only country to use plastic in the production of its currency. More than 30 countries are now using plastic currencies, including Canada, Fiji, Vietnam, Mauritius, New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia, Romania, Brunei, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Cape Verde, Chile, Gambia, Nicaragua, Trinidad and Tobago.
Plastic currencies are produced from polymer, and was first used as currency-making material in Australia in 1988. In 1968, Australia began researching for a scientific solution to combat forgeries of the new decimal currency after it issued its $10 notes in 1966. The state spent 10 years in trials to overcome technical problems. In 1996, Securency International was formed as a joint venture between the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and Innovia Films to market the technology.
"By 1998, all Australian banknotes were is- sued in plastic and by 2009 Securency was exporting to 25 countries, with more than 3 billion polymer notes in circulation," notes CSIROpedia.
The environmental impact of the lifecycle of banknotes worth €3 billion produced in 2003 is equivalent to the environmental impact of driving a car around the world in 9,235 times, according to a study conducted by the Bank of Canada in 2016.
After countries signed the Paris Agreement on climate change, Ping Wang, the Communications Officer at the IMF's Communications Department, said in the organization's Finance and Development Journal that many countries are considering the environmental impact of their currencies, as well as the durability and security factors.
The United Nations Climate Change agenda announced that the main aim of The Paris Agreement is to strengthen the global response to climate change by keeping the global temperature increases this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The aim is also to pursue efforts limiting the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius, and increasing countries' abilities to deal with the impacts of climate change, making finance flows consistent with a low GHG emissions and climate-resilient pathway.
To reach these ambitious goals, appropriate mobilization and financial resources, a new technology framework and enhanced capacity building is to be implemented, thus supporting action by developing countries and vulnerable countries, in line with their own national objectives. It also provides an enhanced transparency framework for action and support.
"In all categories and phases, polymer outperforms paper. For example, the study found, a polymer bill promises a 32 percent reduction in global warming potential and a 30 percent reduction in primary energy demand compared with paper. Most important, polymer notes last more than twice as long as paper notes—and higher denominations, which are handled less frequently, last even longer," Wang added in his article entitled The Future of Plastic.
Wang clarified that fewer polymer notes have to be manufactured and distributed over the life of a series. "And polymer notes weigh less than paper ones, so even their transportation and distribution are easier on the environment." He added that plastic film notes offer additional security features, along with longevity and energy efficiency.
As per the Egyptian Currency, the CBE will begin printing categories of plastic money, gradually, starting with the LE 10 category to test market acceptance on the long term.
Experts expect that a transition to plastic currency will reflect a new economic image for Egypt, and tell Egypt Today that it will positively reflect on the Egyptian economy.
Emara notes that many countries have been using plastic currency for decades, like Spain, France and the UK.
Senior economist at League of Arab States Mahmoud Fath-Allah agrees with Emara, saying that the decision of issuing plastic banknotes in Egypt is a very good choice economically.
On the other hand, Senior Economist at SHUAA Capital Esraa Ahmed believes that manufacturing plastic currency is a good move to- wards more efficient money issuance system, but no major economic impact will take place. "Switching from manufacturing the Egyptian pound using copper, steel and other materials to using polymer banknotes is a matter of efficiency rather than an 'economic' move, and they are widely used worldwide [Canada, Vietnam, New Zealand and others use Polymer banknotes, and other countries will join them soon.] It is all about more efficient coins, as they are more durable and less costly when it comes to issuance feasibility and the material used. Using conventional copper and other relatively expensive materials proved inefficient, especially after the high level of cumulative inflation that caused the value of the coin material to exceed the value of its denomination," Ahmed says.
Egypt used gold and silver coins until 1834, when the Egyptian pound appeared. Before 1834, there was no specific monetary unit that represented the basis of the monetary system, and only a small number of currencies were seized.
The Egyptian pound was established as a currency to be dealt with in paper form for the first time after its formation and circulation in 1834. On April 3, 1899, the National Bank of Egypt issued banknotes for the first time in Egypt, with a design of a Camel and the name of NBE on its back.
Since the issuance of the Egyptian pound, its design had been changed several times, as in 1930 when it changed from its previous orange color to blue and brown with a picture of the Sphinx on its front and a mosque on its back. In 1950, the pound was redesigned to have an image of King Farouk l in the front and with a picture of the Isis temple in Aswan on the back, but it did not last long until a new version appeared in May 1952, returning to the old face under King Fouad while retaining Isis Temple on the other side.
The shape of the pound was developed in 1968 to carry an image of the Sultan Qaytbay Mosque on one side and the Temple of Abu Simbel on the other side. Eleven years later, in 1979, it became the currently known paper but with changes in color and decorations of Qaytbay Mosque on the front while the other side carries a different image from the Temple of Abu Simbel.
In a new transformation of the pound, the Egyptian government converted the paper pound to a metal pound in 2006. | {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'} | 1,958 |
//
// Header-only tiny glTF 2.0 loader and serializer.
//
//
// The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Copyright (c) 2015 - 2017 Syoyo Fujita, Aurélien Chatelain and many
// contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
// Version:
// - v2.0.0 glTF 2.0!.
//
// Tiny glTF loader is using following third party libraries:
//
// - jsonhpp: C++ JSON library.
// - base64: base64 decode/encode library.
// - stb_image: Image loading library.
//
#ifndef TINY_GLTF_H_
#define TINY_GLTF_H_
#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace tinygltf {
#define TINYGLTF_MODE_POINTS (0)
#define TINYGLTF_MODE_LINE (1)
#define TINYGLTF_MODE_LINE_LOOP (2)
#define TINYGLTF_MODE_TRIANGLES (4)
#define TINYGLTF_MODE_TRIANGLE_STRIP (5)
#define TINYGLTF_MODE_TRIANGLE_FAN (6)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_BYTE (5120)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_BYTE (5121)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_SHORT (5122)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_SHORT (5123)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_INT (5124)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT (5125)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_FLOAT (5126)
#define TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_DOUBLE (5127)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_NEAREST (9728)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR (9729)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST (9984)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST (9985)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR (9986)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR (9987)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_WRAP_REPEAT (10497)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_WRAP_CLAMP_TO_EDGE (33071)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_WRAP_MIRRORED_REPEAT (33648)
// Redeclarations of the above for technique.parameters.
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_BYTE (5120)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_UNSIGNED_BYTE (5121)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_SHORT (5122)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_UNSIGNED_SHORT (5123)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_INT (5124)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT (5125)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_FLOAT (5126)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_FLOAT_VEC2 (35664)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_FLOAT_VEC3 (35665)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_FLOAT_VEC4 (35666)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_INT_VEC2 (35667)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_INT_VEC3 (35668)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_INT_VEC4 (35669)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_BOOL (35670)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_BOOL_VEC2 (35671)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_BOOL_VEC3 (35672)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_BOOL_VEC4 (35673)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_FLOAT_MAT2 (35674)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_FLOAT_MAT3 (35675)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_FLOAT_MAT4 (35676)
#define TINYGLTF_PARAMETER_TYPE_SAMPLER_2D (35678)
// End parameter types
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC2 (2)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC3 (3)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC4 (4)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT2 (32 + 2)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT3 (32 + 3)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT4 (32 + 4)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_SCALAR (64 + 1)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_VECTOR (64 + 4)
#define TINYGLTF_TYPE_MATRIX (64 + 16)
#define TINYGLTF_IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG (0)
#define TINYGLTF_IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG (1)
#define TINYGLTF_IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP (2)
#define TINYGLTF_IMAGE_FORMAT_GIF (3)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FORMAT_ALPHA (6406)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGB (6407)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FORMAT_RGBA (6408)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FORMAT_LUMINANCE (6409)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FORMAT_LUMINANCE_ALPHA (6410)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_TARGET_TEXTURE2D (3553)
#define TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_TYPE_UNSIGNED_BYTE (5121)
#define TINYGLTF_TARGET_ARRAY_BUFFER (34962)
#define TINYGLTF_TARGET_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER (34963)
#define TINYGLTF_SHADER_TYPE_VERTEX_SHADER (35633)
#define TINYGLTF_SHADER_TYPE_FRAGMENT_SHADER (35632)
typedef enum {
NULL_TYPE = 0,
NUMBER_TYPE = 1,
INT_TYPE = 2,
BOOL_TYPE = 3,
STRING_TYPE = 4,
ARRAY_TYPE = 5,
BINARY_TYPE = 6,
OBJECT_TYPE = 7
} Type;
static inline int GetComponentSizeInBytes(unsigned int componentType)
{
if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_BYTE) {
return 1;
} else if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_BYTE) {
return 1;
} else if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_SHORT) {
return 2;
} else if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_SHORT) {
return 2;
} else if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_INT) {
return 4;
} else if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT) {
return 4;
} else if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_FLOAT) {
return 4;
} else if (componentType == TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_DOUBLE) {
return 8;
} else {
// Unknown componenty type
return -1;
}
}
static inline int GetTypeSizeInBytes(unsigned int ty)
{
if (ty == TINYGLTF_TYPE_SCALAR) {
return 1;
} else if (ty == TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC2) {
return 2;
} else if (ty == TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC3) {
return 3;
} else if (ty == TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC4) {
return 4;
} else if (ty == TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT2) {
return 4;
} else if (ty == TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT3) {
return 9;
} else if (ty == TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT4) {
return 16;
} else {
// Unknown componenty type
return -1;
}
}
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic push
// Suppress warning for : static Value null_value
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15708411/how-to-deal-with-global-constructor-warning-in-clang
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
#endif
// Simple class to represent JSON object
class Value {
public:
typedef std::vector<Value> Array;
typedef std::map<std::string, Value> Object;
Value() : type_(NULL_TYPE) {}
explicit Value(bool b) : type_(BOOL_TYPE) { boolean_value_ = b; }
explicit Value(int i) : type_(INT_TYPE) { int_value_ = i; }
explicit Value(double n) : type_(NUMBER_TYPE) { number_value_ = n; }
explicit Value(const std::string &s) : type_(STRING_TYPE) {
string_value_ = s;
}
explicit Value(const unsigned char *p, size_t n) : type_(BINARY_TYPE) {
binary_value_.resize(n);
memcpy(binary_value_.data(), p, n);
}
explicit Value(const Array &a) : type_(ARRAY_TYPE) {
array_value_ = Array(a);
}
explicit Value(const Object &o) : type_(OBJECT_TYPE) {
object_value_ = Object(o);
}
char Type() const { return static_cast<const char>(type_); }
bool IsBool() const { return (type_ == BOOL_TYPE); }
bool IsInt() const { return (type_ == INT_TYPE); }
bool IsNumber() const { return (type_ == NUMBER_TYPE); }
bool IsString() const { return (type_ == STRING_TYPE); }
bool IsBinary() const { return (type_ == BINARY_TYPE); }
bool IsArray() const { return (type_ == ARRAY_TYPE); }
bool IsObject() const { return (type_ == OBJECT_TYPE); }
// Accessor
template <typename T>
const T &Get() const;
template <typename T>
T &Get();
// Lookup value from an array
const Value &Get(int idx) const {
static Value null_value;
assert(IsArray());
assert(idx >= 0);
return (static_cast<size_t>(idx) < array_value_.size())
? array_value_[static_cast<size_t>(idx)]
: null_value;
}
// Lookup value from a key-value pair
const Value &Get(const std::string &key) const {
static Value null_value;
assert(IsObject());
Object::const_iterator it = object_value_.find(key);
return (it != object_value_.end()) ? it->second : null_value;
}
size_t ArrayLen() const {
if (!IsArray()) return 0;
return array_value_.size();
}
// Valid only for object type.
bool Has(const std::string &key) const {
if (!IsObject()) return false;
Object::const_iterator it = object_value_.find(key);
return (it != object_value_.end()) ? true : false;
}
// List keys
std::vector<std::string> Keys() const {
std::vector<std::string> keys;
if (!IsObject()) return keys; // empty
for (Object::const_iterator it = object_value_.begin();
it != object_value_.end(); ++it) {
keys.push_back(it->first);
}
return keys;
}
size_t Size() const { return (IsArray() ? ArrayLen() : Keys().size()); }
protected:
int type_;
int int_value_;
double number_value_;
std::string string_value_;
std::vector<unsigned char> binary_value_;
Array array_value_;
Object object_value_;
bool boolean_value_;
char _pad[3];
int _pad0;
};
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
#endif
#define TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(ctype, var) \
template <> \
inline const ctype &Value::Get<ctype>() const { \
return var; \
} \
template <> \
inline ctype &Value::Get<ctype>() { \
return var; \
}
TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(bool, boolean_value_)
TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(double, number_value_)
TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(int, int_value_)
TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(std::string, string_value_)
TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(std::vector<unsigned char>, binary_value_)
TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(Value::Array, array_value_)
TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET(Value::Object, object_value_)
#undef TINYGLTF_VALUE_GET
typedef struct {
bool bool_value;
std::string string_value;
std::vector<double> number_array;
std::map<std::string, double> json_double_value;
} Parameter;
typedef std::map<std::string, Parameter> ParameterMap;
struct AnimationChannel {
int sampler; // required
int target_node; // required (index of the node to target)
std::string target_path; // required in ["translation", "rotation", "scale",
// "weights"]
Value extras;
AnimationChannel() : sampler(-1), target_node(-1) {}
};
struct AnimationSampler {
int input; // required
int output; // required
std::string interpolation; // in ["LINEAR", "STEP", "CATMULLROMSPLINE",
// "CUBICSPLINE"], default "LINEAR"
AnimationSampler() : input(-1), output(-1), interpolation("LINEAR") {}
};
typedef struct {
std::string name;
std::vector<AnimationChannel> channels;
std::vector<AnimationSampler> samplers;
Value extras;
} Animation;
struct Skin {
std::string name;
int inverseBindMatrices; // required here but not in the spec
int skeleton; // The index of the node used as a skeleton root
std::vector<int> joints; // Indices of skeleton nodes
Skin() {
inverseBindMatrices = -1;
skeleton = -1;
}
};
struct Sampler {
std::string name;
int minFilter; // ["NEAREST", "LINEAR", "NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR",
// "LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST", "NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR",
// "LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR"]
int magFilter; // ["NEAREST", "LINEAR"]
int wrapS; // ["CLAMP_TO_EDGE", "MIRRORED_REPEAT", "REPEAT"], default
// "REPEAT"
int wrapT; // ["CLAMP_TO_EDGE", "MIRRORED_REPEAT", "REPEAT"], default
// "REPEAT"
int wrapR; // TinyGLTF extension
int _pad0;
Value extras;
Sampler()
: wrapS(TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_WRAP_REPEAT),
wrapT(TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_WRAP_REPEAT) {}
};
struct Image {
std::string name;
int width;
int height;
int component;
int _pad0;
std::vector<unsigned char> image;
int bufferView; // (required if no uri)
std::string mimeType; // (required if no uri) ["image/jpeg", "image/png"]
std::string uri; // (reqiored if no mimeType)
Value extras;
Image() { bufferView = -1; }
};
struct Texture {
int sampler;
int source; // Required (not specified in the spec ?)
Value extras;
Texture() : sampler(-1), source(-1) {}
};
// Each extension should be stored in a ParameterMap.
// members not in the values could be included in the ParameterMap
// to keep a single material model
struct Material {
std::string name;
ParameterMap values; // PBR metal/roughness workflow
ParameterMap additionalValues; // normal/occlusion/emissive values
ParameterMap extCommonValues; // KHR_common_material extension
ParameterMap extPBRValues;
Value extras;
};
struct BufferView {
std::string name;
int buffer; // Required
size_t byteOffset; // minimum 0, default 0
size_t byteLength; // required, minimum 1
size_t byteStride; // minimum 4, maximum 252 (multiple of 4), default 0 =
// understood to be tightly packed
int target; // ["ARRAY_BUFFER", "ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER"]
int _pad0;
Value extras;
BufferView() : byteOffset(0), byteStride(0) {}
};
struct Accessor {
int bufferView; // optional in spec but required here since sparse accessor
// are not supported
std::string name;
size_t byteOffset;
bool normalized; // optinal.
int componentType; // (required) One of TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_***
size_t count; // required
int type; // (required) One of TINYGLTF_TYPE_*** ..
Value extras;
std::vector<double> minValues; // optional
std::vector<double> maxValues; // optional
// TODO(syoyo): "sparse"
///
/// Utility function to compute byteStride for a given bufferView object.
/// Returns -1 upon invalid glTF value or parameter configuration.
///
int ByteStride(const BufferView &bufferViewObject) const {
if (bufferViewObject.byteStride == 0) {
// Assume data is tightly packed.
int componentSizeInBytes = GetComponentSizeInBytes(componentType);
if (componentSizeInBytes <= 0) {
return -1;
}
int typeSizeInBytes = GetTypeSizeInBytes(type);
if (typeSizeInBytes <= 0) {
return -1;
}
return componentSizeInBytes * typeSizeInBytes;
} else {
// Check if byteStride is a mulple of the size of the accessor's component type.
int componentSizeInBytes = GetComponentSizeInBytes(componentType);
if (componentSizeInBytes <= 0) {
return -1;
}
if ((bufferViewObject.byteStride % componentSizeInBytes) != 0) {
return -1;
}
return static_cast<int>(bufferViewObject.byteStride);
}
return 0;
}
Accessor() { bufferView = -1; }
};
struct PerspectiveCamera {
float aspectRatio; // min > 0
float yfov; // required. min > 0
float zfar; // min > 0
float znear; // required. min > 0
PerspectiveCamera()
: aspectRatio(0.0f),
yfov(0.0f),
zfar(0.0f) // 0 = use infinite projecton matrix
,
znear(0.0f) {}
ParameterMap extensions;
Value extras;
};
struct OrthographicCamera {
float xmag; // required. must not be zero.
float ymag; // required. must not be zero.
float zfar; // required. `zfar` must be greater than `znear`.
float znear; // required
OrthographicCamera() : xmag(0.0f), ymag(0.0f), zfar(0.0f), znear(0.0f) {}
ParameterMap extensions;
Value extras;
};
struct Camera {
std::string type; // required. "perspective" or "orthographic"
std::string name;
PerspectiveCamera perspective;
OrthographicCamera orthographic;
Camera() {}
ParameterMap extensions;
Value extras;
};
struct Primitive {
std::map<std::string, int> attributes; // (required) A dictionary object of
// integer, where each integer
// is the index of the accessor
// containing an attribute.
int material; // The index of the material to apply to this primitive
// when rendering.
int indices; // The index of the accessor that contains the indices.
int mode; // one of TINYGLTF_MODE_***
std::vector<std::map<std::string, int> > targets; // array of morph targets,
// where each target is a dict with attribues in ["POSITION, "NORMAL",
// "TANGENT"] pointing
// to their corresponding accessors
Value extras;
Primitive() {
material = -1;
indices = -1;
}
};
typedef struct {
std::string name;
std::vector<Primitive> primitives;
std::vector<double> weights; // weights to be applied to the Morph Targets
std::vector<std::map<std::string, int> > targets;
ParameterMap extensions;
Value extras;
} Mesh;
class Node {
public:
Node() : camera(-1), skin(-1), mesh(-1) {}
~Node() {}
int camera; // the index of the camera referenced by this node
std::string name;
int skin;
int mesh;
std::vector<int> children;
std::vector<double> rotation; // length must be 0 or 4
std::vector<double> scale; // length must be 0 or 3
std::vector<double> translation; // length must be 0 or 3
std::vector<double> matrix; // length must be 0 or 16
std::vector<double> weights; // The weights of the instantiated Morph Target
Value extras;
ParameterMap extLightsValues; // KHR_lights_cmn extension
};
typedef struct {
std::string name;
std::vector<unsigned char> data;
std::string
uri; // considered as required here but not in the spec (need to clarify)
Value extras;
} Buffer;
typedef struct {
std::string version; // required
std::string generator;
std::string minVersion;
std::string copyright;
ParameterMap extensions;
Value extras;
} Asset;
struct Scene {
std::string name;
std::vector<int> nodes;
ParameterMap extensions;
ParameterMap extras;
};
struct Light {
std::string name;
std::vector<double> color;
std::string type;
};
class Model {
public:
Model() {}
~Model() {}
std::vector<Accessor> accessors;
std::vector<Animation> animations;
std::vector<Buffer> buffers;
std::vector<BufferView> bufferViews;
std::vector<Material> materials;
std::vector<Mesh> meshes;
std::vector<Node> nodes;
std::vector<Texture> textures;
std::vector<Image> images;
std::vector<Skin> skins;
std::vector<Sampler> samplers;
std::vector<Camera> cameras;
std::vector<Scene> scenes;
std::vector<Light> lights;
int defaultScene;
std::vector<std::string> extensionsUsed;
std::vector<std::string> extensionsRequired;
Asset asset;
Value extras;
};
enum SectionCheck {
NO_REQUIRE = 0x00,
REQUIRE_SCENE = 0x01,
REQUIRE_SCENES = 0x02,
REQUIRE_NODES = 0x04,
REQUIRE_ACCESSORS = 0x08,
REQUIRE_BUFFERS = 0x10,
REQUIRE_BUFFER_VIEWS = 0x20,
REQUIRE_ALL = 0x3f
};
class TinyGLTF {
public:
TinyGLTF() : bin_data_(NULL), bin_size_(0), is_binary_(false) {
_pad[0] = _pad[1] = _pad[2] = _pad[3] = _pad[4] = _pad[5] = _pad[6] = 0;
}
~TinyGLTF() {}
///
/// Loads glTF ASCII asset from a file.
/// Returns false and set error string to `err` if there's an error.
///
bool LoadASCIIFromFile(Model *model, std::string *err,
const std::string &filename,
unsigned int check_sections = REQUIRE_ALL);
///
/// Loads glTF ASCII asset from string(memory).
/// `length` = strlen(str);
/// Returns false and set error string to `err` if there's an error.
///
bool LoadASCIIFromString(Model *model, std::string *err, const char *str,
const unsigned int length,
const std::string &base_dir,
unsigned int check_sections = REQUIRE_ALL);
///
/// Loads glTF binary asset from a file.
/// Returns false and set error string to `err` if there's an error.
///
bool LoadBinaryFromFile(Model *model, std::string *err,
const std::string &filename,
unsigned int check_sections = REQUIRE_ALL);
///
/// Loads glTF binary asset from memory.
/// `length` = strlen(str);
/// Returns false and set error string to `err` if there's an error.
///
bool LoadBinaryFromMemory(Model *model, std::string *err,
const unsigned char *bytes,
const unsigned int length,
const std::string &base_dir = "",
unsigned int check_sections = REQUIRE_ALL);
///
/// Write glTF to file.
///
bool WriteGltfSceneToFile(
Model *model,
const std::string &
filename /*, bool embedImages, bool embedBuffers, bool writeBinary*/);
private:
///
/// Loads glTF asset from string(memory).
/// `length` = strlen(str);
/// Returns false and set error string to `err` if there's an error.
///
bool LoadFromString(Model *model, std::string *err, const char *str,
const unsigned int length, const std::string &base_dir,
unsigned int check_sections);
const unsigned char *bin_data_;
size_t bin_size_;
bool is_binary_;
char _pad[7];
};
} // namespace tinygltf
#endif // TINY_GLTF_H_
#ifdef TINYGLTF_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <algorithm>
//#include <cassert>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#ifdef __clang__
// Disable some warnings for external files.
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wglobal-constructors"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreserved-id-macro"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdisabled-macro-expansion"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation-unknown-command"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
#if __has_warning("-Wcomma")
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcomma"
#endif
#endif
#include "./json.hpp"
#include "./stb_image.h"
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#elif !defined(__ANDROID__)
#include <wordexp.h>
#endif
#if defined(__sparcv9)
// Big endian
#else
#if (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) || MINIZ_X86_OR_X64_CPU
#define TINYGLTF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
#endif
#endif
using nlohmann::json;
#if __APPLE__
#include "TargetConditionals.h"
#endif
namespace tinygltf {
static void swap4(unsigned int *val) {
#ifdef TINYGLTF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
(void)val;
#else
unsigned int tmp = *val;
unsigned char *dst = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(val);
unsigned char *src = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(&tmp);
dst[0] = src[3];
dst[1] = src[2];
dst[2] = src[1];
dst[3] = src[0];
#endif
}
static bool FileExists(const std::string &abs_filename) {
bool ret;
#ifdef _WIN32
FILE *fp;
errno_t err = fopen_s(&fp, abs_filename.c_str(), "rb");
if (err != 0) {
return false;
}
#else
FILE *fp = fopen(abs_filename.c_str(), "rb");
#endif
if (fp) {
ret = true;
fclose(fp);
} else {
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
static std::string ExpandFilePath(const std::string &filepath) {
#ifdef _WIN32
DWORD len = ExpandEnvironmentStringsA(filepath.c_str(), NULL, 0);
char *str = new char[len];
ExpandEnvironmentStringsA(filepath.c_str(), str, len);
std::string s(str);
delete[] str;
return s;
#else
#if defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) || defined(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR) || defined(__ANDROID__)
// no expansion
std::string s = filepath;
#else
std::string s;
wordexp_t p;
if (filepath.empty()) {
return "";
}
// char** w;
int ret = wordexp(filepath.c_str(), &p, 0);
if (ret) {
// err
s = filepath;
return s;
}
// Use first element only.
if (p.we_wordv) {
s = std::string(p.we_wordv[0]);
wordfree(&p);
} else {
s = filepath;
}
#endif
return s;
#endif
}
static std::string JoinPath(const std::string &path0,
const std::string &path1) {
if (path0.empty()) {
return path1;
} else {
// check '/'
char lastChar = *path0.rbegin();
if (lastChar != '/') {
return path0 + std::string("/") + path1;
} else {
return path0 + path1;
}
}
}
static std::string FindFile(const std::vector<std::string> &paths,
const std::string &filepath) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < paths.size(); i++) {
std::string absPath = ExpandFilePath(JoinPath(paths[i], filepath));
if (FileExists(absPath)) {
return absPath;
}
}
return std::string();
}
// std::string GetFilePathExtension(const std::string& FileName)
//{
// if(FileName.find_last_of(".") != std::string::npos)
// return FileName.substr(FileName.find_last_of(".")+1);
// return "";
//}
static std::string GetBaseDir(const std::string &filepath) {
if (filepath.find_last_of("/\\") != std::string::npos)
return filepath.substr(0, filepath.find_last_of("/\\"));
return "";
}
// std::string base64_encode(unsigned char const* , unsigned int len);
std::string base64_decode(std::string const &s);
/*
base64.cpp and base64.h
Copyright (C) 2004-2008 René Nyffenegger
This source code is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
warranty. In no event will the author be held liable for any damages
arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this source code must not be misrepresented; you must not
claim that you wrote the original source code. If you use this source code
in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
misrepresented as being the original source code.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
René Nyffenegger [email protected]
*/
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wglobal-constructors"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
#endif
static const std::string base64_chars =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
"0123456789+/";
static inline bool is_base64(unsigned char c) {
return (isalnum(c) || (c == '+') || (c == '/'));
}
std::string base64_decode(std::string const &encoded_string) {
int in_len = static_cast<int>(encoded_string.size());
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int in_ = 0;
unsigned char char_array_4[4], char_array_3[3];
std::string ret;
while (in_len-- && (encoded_string[in_] != '=') &&
is_base64(encoded_string[in_])) {
char_array_4[i++] = encoded_string[in_];
in_++;
if (i == 4) {
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
char_array_4[i] =
static_cast<unsigned char>(base64_chars.find(char_array_4[i]));
char_array_3[0] =
(char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
char_array_3[1] =
((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];
for (i = 0; (i < 3); i++) ret += char_array_3[i];
i = 0;
}
}
if (i) {
for (j = i; j < 4; j++) char_array_4[j] = 0;
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
char_array_4[j] =
static_cast<unsigned char>(base64_chars.find(char_array_4[j]));
char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
char_array_3[1] =
((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];
for (j = 0; (j < i - 1); j++) ret += char_array_3[j];
}
return ret;
}
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
#endif
static bool LoadExternalFile(std::vector<unsigned char> *out, std::string *err,
const std::string &filename,
const std::string &basedir, size_t reqBytes,
bool checkSize) {
out->clear();
std::vector<std::string> paths;
paths.push_back(basedir);
paths.push_back(".");
std::string filepath = FindFile(paths, filename);
if (filepath.empty() || filename.empty()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "File not found : " + filename + "\n";
}
return false;
}
std::ifstream f(filepath.c_str(), std::ifstream::binary);
if (!f) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "File open error : " + filepath + "\n";
}
return false;
}
f.seekg(0, f.end);
size_t sz = static_cast<size_t>(f.tellg());
if (int(sz) < 0) {
// Looks reading directory, not a file.
return false;
}
if (sz == 0) {
// Invalid file size.
return false;
}
std::vector<unsigned char> buf(sz);
f.seekg(0, f.beg);
f.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&buf.at(0)),
static_cast<std::streamsize>(sz));
f.close();
if (checkSize) {
if (reqBytes == sz) {
out->swap(buf);
return true;
} else {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "File size mismatch : " << filepath << ", requestedBytes "
<< reqBytes << ", but got " << sz << std::endl;
if (err) {
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
}
out->swap(buf);
return true;
}
static bool LoadImageData(Image *image, std::string *err, int req_width,
int req_height, const unsigned char *bytes,
int size) {
//std::cout << "size " << size << std::endl;
int w, h, comp;
// if image cannot be decoded, ignore parsing and keep it by its path
// don't break in this case
// FIXME we should only enter this function if the image is embedded. If
// image->uri references
// an image file, it should be left as it is. Image loading should not be
// mandatory (to support other formats)
unsigned char *data = stbi_load_from_memory(bytes, size, &w, &h, &comp, 0);
if (!data) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Unknown image format.\n";
}
return true;
}
if (w < 1 || h < 1) {
free(data);
if (err) {
(*err) += "Invalid image data.\n";
}
return true;
}
if (req_width > 0) {
if (req_width != w) {
free(data);
if (err) {
(*err) += "Image width mismatch.\n";
}
return false;
}
}
if (req_height > 0) {
if (req_height != h) {
free(data);
if (err) {
(*err) += "Image height mismatch.\n";
}
return false;
}
}
image->width = w;
image->height = h;
image->component = comp;
image->image.resize(static_cast<size_t>(w * h * comp));
std::copy(data, data + w * h * comp, image->image.begin());
free(data);
return true;
}
static bool IsDataURI(const std::string &in) {
std::string header = "data:application/octet-stream;base64,";
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
return true;
}
header = "data:image/png;base64,";
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
return true;
}
header = "data:image/jpeg;base64,";
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
return true;
}
header = "data:text/plain;base64,";
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
static bool DecodeDataURI(std::vector<unsigned char> *out,
const std::string &in, size_t reqBytes,
bool checkSize) {
std::string header = "data:application/octet-stream;base64,";
std::string data;
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
data = base64_decode(in.substr(header.size())); // cut mime string.
}
if (data.empty()) {
header = "data:image/jpeg;base64,";
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
data = base64_decode(in.substr(header.size())); // cut mime string.
}
}
if (data.empty()) {
header = "data:image/png;base64,";
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
data = base64_decode(in.substr(header.size())); // cut mime string.
}
}
if (data.empty()) {
header = "data:text/plain;base64,";
if (in.find(header) == 0) {
data = base64_decode(in.substr(header.size()));
}
}
if (data.empty()) {
return false;
}
if (checkSize) {
if (data.size() != reqBytes) {
return false;
}
out->resize(reqBytes);
} else {
out->resize(data.size());
}
std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(), out->begin());
return true;
}
static void ParseObjectProperty(Value *ret, const json &o) {
tinygltf::Value::Object vo;
json::const_iterator it(o.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(o.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
json v = it.value();
if (v.is_boolean()) {
vo[it.key()] = tinygltf::Value(v.get<bool>());
} else if (v.is_number()) {
vo[it.key()] = tinygltf::Value(v.get<double>());
} else if (v.is_number_integer()) {
vo[it.key()] =
tinygltf::Value(static_cast<int>(v.get<int64_t>())); // truncate
} else if (v.is_string()) {
vo[it.key()] = tinygltf::Value(v.get<std::string>());
} else if (v.is_object()) {
tinygltf::Value child_value;
ParseObjectProperty(&child_value, v);
vo[it.key()] = child_value;
}
// TODO(syoyo) binary, array
}
(*ret) = tinygltf::Value(vo);
}
static bool ParseExtrasProperty(Value *ret, const json &o) {
json::const_iterator it = o.find("extras");
if (it == o.end()) {
return false;
}
// FIXME(syoyo) Currently we only support `object` type for extras property.
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
return false;
}
ParseObjectProperty(ret, it.value());
return true;
}
static bool ParseBooleanProperty(bool *ret, std::string *err,
const json &o,
const std::string &property,
const bool required,
const std::string &parent_node = "") {
json::const_iterator it = o.find(property);
if (it == o.end()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is missing";
if (!parent_node.empty()) {
(*err) += " in " + parent_node;
}
(*err) += ".\n";
}
}
return false;
}
if (!it.value().is_boolean()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is not a bool type.\n";
}
}
return false;
}
if (ret) {
(*ret) = it.value().get<bool>();
}
return true;
}
static bool ParseNumberProperty(double *ret, std::string *err,
const json &o,
const std::string &property,
const bool required,
const std::string &parent_node = "") {
json::const_iterator it = o.find(property);
if (it == o.end()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is missing";
if (!parent_node.empty()) {
(*err) += " in " + parent_node;
}
(*err) += ".\n";
}
}
return false;
}
if (!it.value().is_number()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is not a number type.\n";
}
}
return false;
}
if (ret) {
(*ret) = it.value().get<double>();
}
return true;
}
static bool ParseNumberArrayProperty(std::vector<double> *ret, std::string *err,
const json &o,
const std::string &property, bool required,
const std::string &parent_node = "") {
json::const_iterator it = o.find(property);
if (it == o.end()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is missing";
if (!parent_node.empty()) {
(*err) += " in " + parent_node;
}
(*err) += ".\n";
}
}
return false;
}
if (!it.value().is_array()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is not an array";
if (!parent_node.empty()) {
(*err) += " in " + parent_node;
}
(*err) += ".\n";
}
}
return false;
}
ret->clear();
for (json::const_iterator i = it.value().begin(); i != it.value().end(); i++) {
if (!i.value().is_number()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is not a number.\n";
if (!parent_node.empty()) {
(*err) += " in " + parent_node;
}
(*err) += ".\n";
}
}
return false;
}
ret->push_back(i.value());
}
return true;
}
static bool ParseStringProperty(
std::string *ret, std::string *err, const json &o,
const std::string &property, bool required,
const std::string &parent_node = std::string()) {
json::const_iterator it = o.find(property);
if (it == o.end()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is missing";
if (parent_node.empty()) {
(*err) += ".\n";
} else {
(*err) += " in `" + parent_node + "'.\n";
}
}
}
return false;
}
if (!it.value().is_string()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is not a string type.\n";
}
}
return false;
}
if (ret) {
(*ret) = it.value();
}
return true;
}
static bool ParseStringIntProperty(std::map<std::string, int> *ret,
std::string *err, const json &o,
const std::string &property, bool required, const std::string &parent = "") {
json::const_iterator it = o.find(property);
if (it == o.end()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
if (!parent.empty()) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is missing in " + parent + ".\n";
} else {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is missing.\n";
}
}
}
return false;
}
// Make sure we are dealing with an object / dictionary.
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is not an object.\n";
}
}
return false;
}
ret->clear();
const json &dict = it.value();
json::const_iterator dictIt(dict.begin());
json::const_iterator dictItEnd(dict.end());
for (; dictIt != dictItEnd; ++dictIt) {
if (!dictIt.value().is_number()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' value is not an int.\n";
}
}
return false;
}
// Insert into the list.
(*ret)[dictIt.key()] = static_cast<int>(dictIt.value());
}
return true;
}
static bool ParseJSONProperty(std::map<std::string, double> *ret,
std::string *err, const json &o,
const std::string &property, bool required) {
json::const_iterator it = o.find(property);
if (it == o.end()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is missing. \n'";
}
}
return false;
}
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'" + property + "' property is not a JSON object.\n";
}
}
return false;
}
ret->clear();
const json &obj = it.value();
json::const_iterator it2(obj.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(obj.end());
for (; it2 != itEnd; it2++) {
if (it2.value().is_number())
ret->insert(std::pair<std::string, double>(it2.key(),
it2.value()));
}
return true;
}
static bool ParseAsset(Asset *asset, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
ParseStringProperty(&asset->version, err, o, "version", true, "Asset");
ParseStringProperty(&asset->generator, err, o, "generator", false, "Asset");
ParseStringProperty(&asset->minVersion, err, o, "minVersion", false, "Asset");
// Unity exporter version is added as extra here
ParseExtrasProperty(&(asset->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParseImage(Image *image, std::string *err,
const json &o, const std::string &basedir,
bool is_binary, const unsigned char *bin_data,
size_t bin_size) {
// A glTF image must either reference a bufferView or an image uri
double bufferView = -1;
bool isEmbedded =
ParseNumberProperty(&bufferView, err, o, "bufferView", false);
std::string uri;
std::string tmp_err;
if (!ParseStringProperty(&uri, &tmp_err, o, "uri", false) && !isEmbedded) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`bufferView` or `uri` required for Image.\n";
}
return false;
}
ParseStringProperty(&image->name, err, o, "name", false);
std::vector<unsigned char> img;
if (is_binary) {
// Still binary glTF accepts external dataURI. First try external resources.
bool loaded = false;
if (IsDataURI(uri)) {
loaded = DecodeDataURI(&img, uri, 0, false);
} else {
// Assume external .bin file.
loaded = LoadExternalFile(&img, err, uri, basedir, 0, false);
}
if (!loaded) {
// load data from (embedded) binary data
if ((bin_size == 0) || (bin_data == NULL)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Invalid binary data.\n";
}
return false;
}
double buffer_view = -1.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&buffer_view, err, o, "bufferView", true, "Image")) {
return false;
}
std::string mime_type;
ParseStringProperty(&mime_type, err, o, "mimeType", false);
double width = 0.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&width, err, o, "width", false);
double height = 0.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&height, err, o, "height", false);
// Just only save some information here. Loading actual image data from
// bufferView is done in other place.
image->bufferView = static_cast<int>(buffer_view);
image->mimeType = mime_type;
image->width = static_cast<int>(width);
image->height = static_cast<int>(height);
return true;
}
} else {
if (IsDataURI(uri)) {
if (!DecodeDataURI(&img, uri, 0, false)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Failed to decode 'uri' for image parameter.\n";
}
return false;
}
} else {
// Assume external file
// Keep texture path (for textures that cannot be decoded)
image->uri = uri;
if (!LoadExternalFile(&img, err, uri, basedir, 0, false)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Failed to load external 'uri' for image parameter\n";
}
// If the image cannot be loaded, keep uri as image->uri.
return true;
}
if (img.empty()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Image is empty.\n";
}
return false;
}
}
}
return LoadImageData(image, err, 0, 0, &img.at(0),
static_cast<int>(img.size()));
}
static bool ParseTexture(Texture *texture, std::string *err,
const json &o,
const std::string &basedir) {
(void)basedir;
double sampler = -1.0;
double source = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&sampler, err, o, "sampler", false);
ParseNumberProperty(&source, err, o, "source", false);
texture->sampler = static_cast<int>(sampler);
texture->source = static_cast<int>(source);
return true;
}
static bool ParseBuffer(Buffer *buffer, std::string *err,
const json &o, const std::string &basedir,
bool is_binary = false,
const unsigned char *bin_data = NULL,
size_t bin_size = 0) {
double byteLength;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&byteLength, err, o, "byteLength", true, "Buffer")) {
return false;
}
// In glTF 2.0, uri is not mandatory anymore
std::string uri;
ParseStringProperty(&uri, err, o, "uri", false, "Buffer");
// having an empty uri for a non embedded image should not be valid
if (!is_binary && uri.empty()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "'uri' is missing from non binary glTF file buffer.\n";
}
}
json::const_iterator type = o.find("type");
if (type != o.end()) {
if (type.value().is_string()) {
const std::string &ty = type.value();
if (ty.compare("arraybuffer") == 0) {
// buffer.type = "arraybuffer";
}
}
}
size_t bytes = static_cast<size_t>(byteLength);
if (is_binary) {
// Still binary glTF accepts external dataURI. First try external resources.
if (!uri.empty()) {
// External .bin file.
LoadExternalFile(&buffer->data, err, uri, basedir, bytes, true);
} else {
// load data from (embedded) binary data
if ((bin_size == 0) || (bin_data == NULL)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Invalid binary data in `Buffer'.\n";
}
return false;
}
if (byteLength > bin_size) {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Invalid `byteLength'. Must be equal or less than binary size: "
"`byteLength' = "
<< byteLength << ", binary size = " << bin_size << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
// Read buffer data
buffer->data.resize(static_cast<size_t>(byteLength));
memcpy(&(buffer->data.at(0)), bin_data, static_cast<size_t>(byteLength));
}
} else {
if (IsDataURI(uri)) {
if (!DecodeDataURI(&buffer->data, uri, bytes, true)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Failed to decode 'uri' : " + uri + " in Buffer\n";
}
return false;
}
} else {
// Assume external .bin file.
if (!LoadExternalFile(&buffer->data, err, uri, basedir, bytes, true)) {
return false;
}
}
}
ParseStringProperty(&buffer->name, err, o, "name", false);
return true;
}
static bool ParseBufferView(BufferView *bufferView, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
double buffer = -1.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&buffer, err, o, "buffer", true, "BufferView")) {
return false;
}
double byteOffset = 0.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&byteOffset, err, o, "byteOffset", false);
double byteLength = 1.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&byteLength, err, o, "byteLength", true,
"BufferView")) {
return false;
}
size_t byteStride = 0;
double byteStrideValue = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&byteStrideValue, err, o, "byteStride", false)) {
// Spec says: When byteStride of referenced bufferView is not defined, it
// means that accessor elements are tightly packed, i.e., effective stride
// equals the size of the element.
// We cannot determine the actual byteStride until Accessor are parsed, thus
// set 0(= tightly packed) here(as done in OpenGL's VertexAttribPoiner)
byteStride = 0;
} else {
byteStride = static_cast<size_t>(byteStrideValue);
}
if ((byteStride > 252) || ((byteStride % 4) != 0)) {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Invalid `byteStride' value. `byteStride' must be the multiple of "
"4 : "
<< byteStride << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
double target = 0.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&target, err, o, "target", false);
int targetValue = static_cast<int>(target);
if ((targetValue == TINYGLTF_TARGET_ARRAY_BUFFER) ||
(targetValue == TINYGLTF_TARGET_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER)) {
// OK
} else {
targetValue = 0;
}
bufferView->target = targetValue;
ParseStringProperty(&bufferView->name, err, o, "name", false);
bufferView->buffer = static_cast<int>(buffer);
bufferView->byteOffset = static_cast<size_t>(byteOffset);
bufferView->byteLength = static_cast<size_t>(byteLength);
bufferView->byteStride = static_cast<size_t>(byteStride);
return true;
}
static bool ParseAccessor(Accessor *accessor, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
double bufferView = -1.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&bufferView, err, o, "bufferView", true,
"Accessor")) {
return false;
}
double byteOffset = 0.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&byteOffset, err, o, "byteOffset", false, "Accessor");
bool normalized = false;
ParseBooleanProperty(&normalized, err, o, "normalized", false, "Accessor");
double componentType = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&componentType, err, o, "componentType", true,
"Accessor")) {
return false;
}
double count = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&count, err, o, "count", true, "Accessor")) {
return false;
}
std::string type;
if (!ParseStringProperty(&type, err, o, "type", true, "Accessor")) {
return false;
}
if (type.compare("SCALAR") == 0) {
accessor->type = TINYGLTF_TYPE_SCALAR;
} else if (type.compare("VEC2") == 0) {
accessor->type = TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC2;
} else if (type.compare("VEC3") == 0) {
accessor->type = TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC3;
} else if (type.compare("VEC4") == 0) {
accessor->type = TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC4;
} else if (type.compare("MAT2") == 0) {
accessor->type = TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT2;
} else if (type.compare("MAT3") == 0) {
accessor->type = TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT3;
} else if (type.compare("MAT4") == 0) {
accessor->type = TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT4;
} else {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Unsupported `type` for accessor object. Got \"" << type << "\"\n";
if (err) {
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
ParseStringProperty(&accessor->name, err, o, "name", false);
accessor->minValues.clear();
accessor->maxValues.clear();
ParseNumberArrayProperty(&accessor->minValues, err, o, "min", false,
"Accessor");
ParseNumberArrayProperty(&accessor->maxValues, err, o, "max", false,
"Accessor");
accessor->count = static_cast<size_t>(count);
accessor->bufferView = static_cast<int>(bufferView);
accessor->byteOffset = static_cast<size_t>(byteOffset);
accessor->normalized = normalized;
{
int comp = static_cast<int>(componentType);
if (comp >= TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_BYTE &&
comp <= TINYGLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_DOUBLE) {
// OK
accessor->componentType = comp;
} else {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Invalid `componentType` in accessor. Got " << comp << "\n";
if (err) {
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
}
ParseExtrasProperty(&(accessor->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParsePrimitive(Primitive *primitive, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
double material = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&material, err, o, "material", false);
primitive->material = static_cast<int>(material);
double mode = static_cast<double>(TINYGLTF_MODE_TRIANGLES);
ParseNumberProperty(&mode, err, o, "mode", false);
int primMode = static_cast<int>(mode);
primitive->mode = primMode; // Why only triangled were supported ?
double indices = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&indices, err, o, "indices", false);
primitive->indices = static_cast<int>(indices);
if (!ParseStringIntProperty(&primitive->attributes, err, o, "attributes",
true, "Primitive")) {
return false;
}
// Look for morph targets
json::const_iterator targetsObject = o.find("targets");
if ((targetsObject != o.end()) &&
targetsObject.value().is_array()) {
for (json::const_iterator i = targetsObject.value().begin(); i != targetsObject.value().end(); i++) {
std::map<std::string, int> targetAttribues;
const json &dict = i.value();
json::const_iterator dictIt(dict.begin());
json::const_iterator dictItEnd(dict.end());
for (; dictIt != dictItEnd; ++dictIt) {
targetAttribues[dictIt.key()] =
static_cast<int>(dictIt.value());
}
primitive->targets.push_back(targetAttribues);
}
}
ParseExtrasProperty(&(primitive->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParseMesh(Mesh *mesh, std::string *err, const json &o) {
ParseStringProperty(&mesh->name, err, o, "name", false);
mesh->primitives.clear();
json::const_iterator primObject = o.find("primitives");
if ((primObject != o.end()) && primObject.value().is_array()) {
for (json::const_iterator i = primObject.value().begin(); i != primObject.value().end(); i++) {
Primitive primitive;
if (ParsePrimitive(&primitive, err,
i.value())) {
// Only add the primitive if the parsing succeeds.
mesh->primitives.push_back(primitive);
}
}
}
// Look for morph targets
json::const_iterator targetsObject = o.find("targets");
if ((targetsObject != o.end()) &&
targetsObject.value().is_array()) {
for (json::const_iterator i = targetsObject.value().begin(); i != targetsObject.value().end(); i++) {
std::map<std::string, int> targetAttribues;
const json &dict = i.value();
json::const_iterator dictIt(dict.begin());
json::const_iterator dictItEnd(dict.end());
for (; dictIt != dictItEnd; ++dictIt) {
targetAttribues[dictIt.key()] =
static_cast<int>(dictIt.value());
}
mesh->targets.push_back(targetAttribues);
}
}
// Should probably check if has targets and if dimensions fit
ParseNumberArrayProperty(&mesh->weights, err, o, "weights", false);
ParseExtrasProperty(&(mesh->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParseParameterProperty(Parameter *param, std::string *err,
const json &o,
const std::string &prop, bool required) {
double num_val;
// A parameter value can either be a string or an array of either a boolean or
// a number. Booleans of any kind aren't supported here. Granted, it
// complicates the Parameter structure and breaks it semantically in the sense
// that the client probably works off the assumption that if the string is
// empty the vector is used, etc. Would a tagged union work?
if (ParseStringProperty(¶m->string_value, err, o, prop, false)) {
// Found string property.
return true;
} else if (ParseNumberArrayProperty(¶m->number_array, err, o, prop,
false)) {
// Found a number array.
return true;
} else if (ParseNumberProperty(&num_val, err, o, prop, false)) {
param->number_array.push_back(num_val);
return true;
} else if (ParseJSONProperty(¶m->json_double_value, err, o, prop,
false)) {
return true;
} else if (ParseBooleanProperty(¶m->bool_value, err, o, prop, false)) {
return true;
} else {
if (required) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "parameter must be a string or number / number array.\n";
}
}
return false;
}
}
static bool ParseLight(Light *light, std::string *err, const json &o) {
ParseStringProperty(&light->name, err, o, "name", false);
ParseNumberArrayProperty(&light->color, err, o, "color", false);
ParseStringProperty(&light->type, err, o, "type", false);
return true;
}
static bool ParseNode(Node *node, std::string *err, const json &o) {
ParseStringProperty(&node->name, err, o, "name", false);
double skin = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&skin, err, o, "skin", false);
node->skin = static_cast<int>(skin);
// Matrix and T/R/S are exclusive
if (!ParseNumberArrayProperty(&node->matrix, err, o, "matrix", false)) {
ParseNumberArrayProperty(&node->rotation, err, o, "rotation", false);
ParseNumberArrayProperty(&node->scale, err, o, "scale", false);
ParseNumberArrayProperty(&node->translation, err, o, "translation", false);
}
double camera = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&camera, err, o, "camera", false);
node->camera = static_cast<int>(camera);
double mesh = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&mesh, err, o, "mesh", false);
node->mesh = int(mesh);
node->children.clear();
json::const_iterator childrenObject = o.find("children");
if ((childrenObject != o.end()) &&
childrenObject.value().is_array()) {
for (json::const_iterator i = childrenObject.value().begin(); i != childrenObject.value().end(); i++) {
if (!i.value().is_number()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "Invalid `children` array.\n";
}
return false;
}
const int &childrenNode =
static_cast<int>(i.value());
node->children.push_back(childrenNode);
}
}
ParseExtrasProperty(&(node->extras), o);
json::const_iterator extensions_object = o.find("extensions");
if ((extensions_object != o.end()) &&
extensions_object.value().is_object()) {
const json &values_object =
extensions_object.value();
json::const_iterator it(values_object.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(values_object.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if ((it.key().compare("KHR_lights_cmn") == 0) &&
it.value().is_object()) {
const json &values_object =
it.value();
json::const_iterator itVal(values_object.begin());
json::const_iterator itValEnd(values_object.end());
for (; itVal != itValEnd; itVal++) {
Parameter param;
if (ParseParameterProperty(¶m, err, values_object, itVal.key(),
false)) {
node->extLightsValues[itVal.key()] = param;
}
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
static bool ParseMaterial(Material *material, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
material->values.clear();
material->extPBRValues.clear();
material->additionalValues.clear();
json::const_iterator it(o.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(o.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (it.key() == "pbrMetallicRoughness") {
if (it.value().is_object()) {
const json &values_object =
it.value();
json::const_iterator itVal(values_object.begin());
json::const_iterator itValEnd(values_object.end());
for (; itVal != itValEnd; itVal++) {
Parameter param;
if (ParseParameterProperty(¶m, err, values_object, itVal.key(),
false)) {
material->values[itVal.key()] = param;
}
}
}
} else if (it.key() == "extensions") {
if (it.value().is_object()) {
const json &extension =
it.value();
json::const_iterator extIt = extension.begin();
if (!extIt.value().is_object()) continue;
const json &values_object =
extIt.value();
json::const_iterator itVal(values_object.begin());
json::const_iterator itValEnd(values_object.end());
for (; itVal != itValEnd; itVal++) {
Parameter param;
if (ParseParameterProperty(¶m, err, values_object, itVal.key(),
false)) {
material->extPBRValues[itVal.key()] = param;
}
}
}
} else {
Parameter param;
if (ParseParameterProperty(¶m, err, o, it.key(), false)) {
material->additionalValues[it.key()] = param;
}
}
}
ParseExtrasProperty(&(material->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParseAnimationChannel(AnimationChannel *channel, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
double samplerIndex = -1.0;
double targetIndex = -1.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&samplerIndex, err, o, "sampler", true, "AnimationChannel")) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`sampler` field is missing in animation channels\n";
}
return false;
}
json::const_iterator targetIt = o.find("target");
if ((targetIt != o.end()) && targetIt.value().is_object()) {
const json &target_object =
targetIt.value();
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&targetIndex, err, target_object, "node", true)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`node` field is missing in animation.channels.target\n";
}
return false;
}
if (!ParseStringProperty(&channel->target_path, err, target_object, "path",
true)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`path` field is missing in animation.channels.target\n";
}
return false;
}
}
channel->sampler = static_cast<int>(samplerIndex);
channel->target_node = static_cast<int>(targetIndex);
ParseExtrasProperty(&(channel->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParseAnimation(Animation *animation, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
{
json::const_iterator channelsIt = o.find("channels");
if ((channelsIt != o.end()) && channelsIt.value().is_array()) {
for (json::const_iterator i = channelsIt.value().begin(); i != channelsIt.value().end(); i++) {
AnimationChannel channel;
if (ParseAnimationChannel(&channel, err,
i.value())) {
// Only add the channel if the parsing succeeds.
animation->channels.push_back(channel);
}
}
}
}
{
json::const_iterator samplerIt = o.find("samplers");
if ((samplerIt != o.end()) && samplerIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &sampler_array =
samplerIt.value();
json::const_iterator it = sampler_array.begin();
json::const_iterator itEnd = sampler_array.end();
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
const json &s = it->get<json>();
AnimationSampler sampler;
double inputIndex = -1.0;
double outputIndex = -1.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&inputIndex, err, s, "input", true)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`input` field is missing in animation.sampler\n";
}
return false;
}
if (!ParseStringProperty(&sampler.interpolation, err, s,
"interpolation", true)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`interpolation` field is missing in animation.sampler\n";
}
return false;
}
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&outputIndex, err, s, "output", true)) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`output` field is missing in animation.sampler\n";
}
return false;
}
sampler.input = static_cast<int>(inputIndex);
sampler.output = static_cast<int>(outputIndex);
animation->samplers.push_back(sampler);
}
}
}
ParseStringProperty(&animation->name, err, o, "name", false);
ParseExtrasProperty(&(animation->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParseSampler(Sampler *sampler, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
ParseStringProperty(&sampler->name, err, o, "name", false);
double minFilter =
static_cast<double>(TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
double magFilter = static_cast<double>(TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_FILTER_LINEAR);
double wrapS = static_cast<double>(TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_WRAP_REPEAT);
double wrapT = static_cast<double>(TINYGLTF_TEXTURE_WRAP_REPEAT);
ParseNumberProperty(&minFilter, err, o, "minFilter", false);
ParseNumberProperty(&magFilter, err, o, "magFilter", false);
ParseNumberProperty(&wrapS, err, o, "wrapS", false);
ParseNumberProperty(&wrapT, err, o, "wrapT", false);
sampler->minFilter = static_cast<int>(minFilter);
sampler->magFilter = static_cast<int>(magFilter);
sampler->wrapS = static_cast<int>(wrapS);
sampler->wrapT = static_cast<int>(wrapT);
ParseExtrasProperty(&(sampler->extras), o);
return true;
}
static bool ParseSkin(Skin *skin, std::string *err, const json &o) {
ParseStringProperty(&skin->name, err, o, "name", false, "Skin");
std::vector<double> joints;
if (!ParseNumberArrayProperty(&joints, err, o, "joints", false, "Skin")) {
return false;
}
double skeleton = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&skeleton, err, o, "skeleton", false, "Skin");
skin->skeleton = static_cast<int>(skeleton);
skin->joints.resize(joints.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < joints.size(); i++) {
skin->joints[i] = static_cast<int>(joints[i]);
}
double invBind = -1.0;
ParseNumberProperty(&invBind, err, o, "inverseBindMatrices", true, "Skin");
skin->inverseBindMatrices = static_cast<int>(invBind);
return true;
}
static bool ParsePerspectiveCamera(PerspectiveCamera *camera, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
double yfov = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&yfov, err, o, "yfov", true, "OrthographicCamera")) {
return false;
}
double znear = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&znear, err, o, "znear", true,
"PerspectiveCamera")) {
return false;
}
double aspectRatio = 0.0; // = invalid
ParseNumberProperty(&aspectRatio, err, o, "aspectRatio", false,
"PerspectiveCamera");
double zfar = 0.0; // = invalid
ParseNumberProperty(&zfar, err, o, "zfar", false, "PerspectiveCamera");
camera->aspectRatio = float(aspectRatio);
camera->zfar = float(zfar);
camera->yfov = float(yfov);
camera->znear = float(znear);
ParseExtrasProperty(&(camera->extras), o);
// TODO(syoyo): Validate parameter values.
return true;
}
static bool ParseOrthographicCamera(OrthographicCamera *camera,
std::string *err,
const json &o) {
double xmag = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&xmag, err, o, "xmag", true, "OrthographicCamera")) {
return false;
}
double ymag = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&ymag, err, o, "ymag", true, "OrthographicCamera")) {
return false;
}
double zfar = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&zfar, err, o, "zfar", true, "OrthographicCamera")) {
return false;
}
double znear = 0.0;
if (!ParseNumberProperty(&znear, err, o, "znear", true,
"OrthographicCamera")) {
return false;
}
ParseExtrasProperty(&(camera->extras), o);
camera->xmag = float(xmag);
camera->ymag = float(ymag);
camera->zfar = float(zfar);
camera->znear = float(znear);
// TODO(syoyo): Validate parameter values.
return true;
}
static bool ParseCamera(Camera *camera, std::string *err,
const json &o) {
if (!ParseStringProperty(&camera->type, err, o, "type", true, "Camera")) {
return false;
}
if (camera->type.compare("orthographic") == 0) {
if (o.find("orthographic") == o.end()) {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Orhographic camera description not found." << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
const json &v = o.find("orthographic").value();
if (!v.is_object()) {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "\"orthographic\" is not a JSON object." << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
if (!ParseOrthographicCamera(&camera->orthographic, err,
v.get<json>())) {
return false;
}
} else if (camera->type.compare("perspective") == 0) {
if (o.find("perspective") == o.end()) {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Perspective camera description not found." << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
const json &v = o.find("perspective").value();
if (!v.is_object()) {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "\"perspective\" is not a JSON object." << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
if (!ParsePerspectiveCamera(&camera->perspective, err,
v.get<json>())) {
return false;
}
} else {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Invalid camera type: \"" << camera->type
<< "\". Must be \"perspective\" or \"orthographic\"" << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
ParseStringProperty(&camera->name, err, o, "name", false);
ParseExtrasProperty(&(camera->extras), o);
return true;
}
bool TinyGLTF::LoadFromString(Model *model, std::string *err, const char *str,
unsigned int length, const std::string &base_dir,
unsigned int check_sections) {
if (length < 4) {
if (err) {
(*err) = "JSON string too short.\n";
}
return false;
}
json v;
#if (defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)) && not defined(TINYGLTF_NOEXCEPTION)
try {
v = json::parse(str, str + length);
} catch (const std::exception &e) {
if (err) {
(*err) = e.what();
}
return false;
}
#else
{
v = json::parse(str, str + length, nullptr, /* exception */false);
if (!v.is_object()) {
// Assume parsing was failed.
if (err) {
(*err) = "Failed to parse JSON object\n";
}
return false;
}
}
#endif
if (!v.is_object()) {
// root is not an object.
if (err) {
(*err) = "Root element is not a JSON object\n";
}
return false;
}
// scene is not mandatory.
// FIXME Maybe a better way to handle it than removing the code
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("scenes");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_array()) {
// OK
} else if (check_sections & REQUIRE_SCENES) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "\"scenes\" object not found in .gltf or not an array type\n";
}
return false;
}
}
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("nodes");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_array()) {
// OK
} else if (check_sections & REQUIRE_NODES) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "\"nodes\" object not found in .gltf\n";
}
return false;
}
}
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("accessors");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_array()) {
// OK
} else if (check_sections & REQUIRE_ACCESSORS) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "\"accessors\" object not found in .gltf\n";
}
return false;
}
}
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("buffers");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_array()) {
// OK
} else if (check_sections & REQUIRE_BUFFERS) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "\"buffers\" object not found in .gltf\n";
}
return false;
}
}
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("bufferViews");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_array()) {
// OK
} else if (check_sections & REQUIRE_BUFFER_VIEWS) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "\"bufferViews\" object not found in .gltf\n";
}
return false;
}
}
model->buffers.clear();
model->bufferViews.clear();
model->accessors.clear();
model->meshes.clear();
model->cameras.clear();
model->nodes.clear();
model->extensionsUsed.clear();
model->extensionsRequired.clear();
model->defaultScene = -1;
// 1. Parse Asset
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("asset");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_object()) {
const json &root = it.value();
ParseAsset(&model->asset, err, root);
}
}
// 2. Parse extensionUsed
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("extensionsUsed");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = it.value();
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < root.size(); ++i) {
model->extensionsUsed.push_back(root[i].get<std::string>());
}
}
}
{
json::const_iterator it = v.find("extensionsRequired");
if ((it != v.end()) && it.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = it.value();
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < root.size(); ++i) {
model->extensionsRequired.push_back(root[i].get<std::string>());
}
}
}
// 3. Parse Buffer
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("buffers");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`buffers' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Buffer buffer;
if (!ParseBuffer(&buffer, err, it->get<json>(), base_dir,
is_binary_, bin_data_, bin_size_)) {
return false;
}
model->buffers.push_back(buffer);
}
}
}
// 4. Parse BufferView
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("bufferViews");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`bufferViews' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
BufferView bufferView;
if (!ParseBufferView(&bufferView, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->bufferViews.push_back(bufferView);
}
}
}
// 5. Parse Accessor
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("accessors");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`accessors' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Accessor accessor;
if (!ParseAccessor(&accessor, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->accessors.push_back(accessor);
}
}
}
// 6. Parse Mesh
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("meshes");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`meshes' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Mesh mesh;
if (!ParseMesh(&mesh, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->meshes.push_back(mesh);
}
}
}
// 7. Parse Node
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("nodes");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`nodes' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Node node;
if (!ParseNode(&node, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->nodes.push_back(node);
}
}
}
// 8. Parse scenes.
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("scenes");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!(it.value().is_object())) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`scenes' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
const json &o = it->get<json>();
std::vector<double> nodes;
if (!ParseNumberArrayProperty(&nodes, err, o, "nodes", false)) {
return false;
}
Scene scene;
ParseStringProperty(&scene.name, err, o, "name", false);
std::vector<int> nodesIds;
for (size_t i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i++) {
nodesIds.push_back(static_cast<int>(nodes[i]));
}
scene.nodes = nodesIds;
model->scenes.push_back(scene);
}
}
}
// 9. Parse default scenes.
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("scene");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_number_integer()) {
const int defaultScene = rootIt.value();
model->defaultScene = static_cast<int>(defaultScene);
}
}
// 10. Parse Material
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("materials");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`materials' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
json jsonMaterial = it->get<json>();
Material material;
ParseStringProperty(&material.name, err, jsonMaterial, "name", false);
if (!ParseMaterial(&material, err, jsonMaterial)) {
return false;
}
model->materials.push_back(material);
}
}
}
// 11. Parse Image
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("images");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`images' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Image image;
if (!ParseImage(&image, err, it.value(), base_dir,
is_binary_, bin_data_, bin_size_)) {
return false;
}
if (image.bufferView != -1) {
// Load image from the buffer view.
if (size_t(image.bufferView) >= model->bufferViews.size()) {
if (err) {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "bufferView \"" << image.bufferView
<< "\" not found in the scene." << std::endl;
(*err) += ss.str();
}
return false;
}
const BufferView &bufferView =
model->bufferViews[size_t(image.bufferView)];
const Buffer &buffer = model->buffers[size_t(bufferView.buffer)];
bool ret = LoadImageData(&image, err, image.width, image.height,
&buffer.data[bufferView.byteOffset],
static_cast<int>(bufferView.byteLength));
if (!ret) {
return false;
}
}
model->images.push_back(image);
}
}
}
// 12. Parse Texture
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("textures");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; it++) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`textures' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Texture texture;
if (!ParseTexture(&texture, err, it->get<json>(), base_dir)) {
return false;
}
model->textures.push_back(texture);
}
}
}
// 13. Parse Animation
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("animations");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`animations' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Animation animation;
if (!ParseAnimation(&animation, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->animations.push_back(animation);
}
}
}
// 14. Parse Skin
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("skins");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`skins' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Skin skin;
if (!ParseSkin(&skin, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->skins.push_back(skin);
}
}
}
// 15. Parse Sampler
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("samplers");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`samplers' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Sampler sampler;
if (!ParseSampler(&sampler, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->samplers.push_back(sampler);
}
}
}
// 16. Parse Camera
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("cameras");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_array()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
if (!it.value().is_object()) {
if (err) {
(*err) += "`cameras' does not contain an JSON object.";
}
return false;
}
Camera camera;
if (!ParseCamera(&camera, err, it->get<json>())) {
return false;
}
model->cameras.push_back(camera);
}
}
}
// 17. Parse Extensions
{
json::const_iterator rootIt = v.find("extensions");
if ((rootIt != v.end()) && rootIt.value().is_object()) {
const json &root = rootIt.value();
json::const_iterator it(root.begin());
json::const_iterator itEnd(root.end());
for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
// parse KHR_lights_cmn extension
if ((it.key().compare("KHR_lights_cmn") == 0) && it.value().is_object()) {
const json &object = it.value();
json::const_iterator itLight(object.find("lights"));
json::const_iterator itLightEnd(object.end());
if (itLight == itLightEnd) {
continue;
}
if (!itLight.value().is_array()) {
continue;
}
const json &lights = itLight.value();
json::const_iterator arrayIt(lights.begin());
json::const_iterator arrayItEnd(lights.end());
for (; arrayIt != arrayItEnd; ++arrayIt) {
Light light;
if (!ParseLight(&light, err, arrayIt.value())) {
return false;
}
model->lights.push_back(light);
}
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
bool TinyGLTF::LoadASCIIFromString(Model *model, std::string *err,
const char *str, unsigned int length,
const std::string &base_dir,
unsigned int check_sections) {
is_binary_ = false;
bin_data_ = NULL;
bin_size_ = 0;
return LoadFromString(model, err, str, length, base_dir, check_sections);
}
bool TinyGLTF::LoadASCIIFromFile(Model *model, std::string *err,
const std::string &filename,
unsigned int check_sections) {
std::stringstream ss;
std::ifstream f(filename.c_str());
if (!f) {
ss << "Failed to open file: " << filename << std::endl;
if (err) {
(*err) = ss.str();
}
return false;
}
f.seekg(0, f.end);
size_t sz = static_cast<size_t>(f.tellg());
std::vector<char> buf(sz);
if (sz == 0) {
if (err) {
(*err) = "Empty file.";
}
return false;
}
f.seekg(0, f.beg);
f.read(&buf.at(0), static_cast<std::streamsize>(sz));
f.close();
std::string basedir = GetBaseDir(filename);
bool ret = LoadASCIIFromString(model, err, &buf.at(0),
static_cast<unsigned int>(buf.size()), basedir,
check_sections);
return ret;
}
bool TinyGLTF::LoadBinaryFromMemory(Model *model, std::string *err,
const unsigned char *bytes,
unsigned int size,
const std::string &base_dir,
unsigned int check_sections) {
if (size < 20) {
if (err) {
(*err) = "Too short data size for glTF Binary.";
}
return false;
}
if (bytes[0] == 'g' && bytes[1] == 'l' && bytes[2] == 'T' &&
bytes[3] == 'F') {
// ok
} else {
if (err) {
(*err) = "Invalid magic.";
}
return false;
}
unsigned int version; // 4 bytes
unsigned int length; // 4 bytes
unsigned int model_length; // 4 bytes
unsigned int model_format; // 4 bytes;
// @todo { Endian swap for big endian machine. }
memcpy(&version, bytes + 4, 4);
swap4(&version);
memcpy(&length, bytes + 8, 4);
swap4(&length);
memcpy(&model_length, bytes + 12, 4);
swap4(&model_length);
memcpy(&model_format, bytes + 16, 4);
swap4(&model_format);
if ((20 + model_length >= size) || (model_length < 1) ||
(model_format != 0x4E4F534A)) { // 0x4E4F534A = JSON format.
if (err) {
(*err) = "Invalid glTF binary.";
}
return false;
}
// Extract JSON string.
std::string jsonString(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&bytes[20]),
model_length);
is_binary_ = true;
bin_data_ = bytes + 20 + model_length +
8; // 4 bytes (buffer_length) + 4 bytes(buffer_format)
bin_size_ =
length - (20 + model_length); // extract header + JSON scene data.
bool ret =
LoadFromString(model, err, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&bytes[20]),
model_length, base_dir, check_sections);
if (!ret) {
return ret;
}
return true;
}
bool TinyGLTF::LoadBinaryFromFile(Model *model, std::string *err,
const std::string &filename,
unsigned int check_sections) {
std::stringstream ss;
std::ifstream f(filename.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
if (!f) {
ss << "Failed to open file: " << filename << std::endl;
if (err) {
(*err) = ss.str();
}
return false;
}
f.seekg(0, f.end);
size_t sz = static_cast<size_t>(f.tellg());
std::vector<char> buf(sz);
f.seekg(0, f.beg);
f.read(&buf.at(0), static_cast<std::streamsize>(sz));
f.close();
std::string basedir = GetBaseDir(filename);
bool ret = LoadBinaryFromMemory(
model, err, reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(&buf.at(0)),
static_cast<unsigned int>(buf.size()), basedir, check_sections);
return ret;
}
///////////////////////
// GLTF Serialization
///////////////////////
//typedef std::pair<std::string, json> json_object_pair;
template <typename T>
static void SerializeNumberProperty(const std::string &key, T number,
json &obj) {
//obj.insert(
// json_object_pair(key, json(static_cast<double>(number))));
obj[key] = static_cast<double>(number);
}
template <typename T>
static void SerializeNumberArrayProperty(const std::string &key,
const std::vector<T> &value,
json &obj) {
json o;
json vals;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
vals.push_back(static_cast<double>(value[i]));
}
obj[key] = vals;
}
static void SerializeStringProperty(const std::string &key,
const std::string &value,
json &obj) {
obj[key] = value;
}
static void SerializeStringArrayProperty(const std::string &key,
const std::vector<std::string> &value,
json &obj) {
json o;
json vals;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
vals.push_back(value[i]);
}
obj[key] = vals;
}
static void SerializeValue(const std::string &key, const Value &value,
json &obj) {
if (value.IsArray()) {
json jsonValue;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < value.ArrayLen(); ++i) {
Value elementValue = value.Get(int(i));
if (elementValue.IsString())
jsonValue.push_back(elementValue.Get<std::string>());
}
obj[key] = jsonValue;
} else {
json jsonValue;
std::vector<std::string> valueKeys;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < valueKeys.size(); ++i) {
Value elementValue = value.Get(valueKeys[i]);
if (elementValue.IsInt())
jsonValue[valueKeys[i]] =
static_cast<double>(elementValue.Get<int>());
}
obj[key] = jsonValue;
}
}
static void SerializeGltfBufferData(const std::vector<unsigned char> &data,
const std::string &binFilePath) {
std::ofstream output(binFilePath.c_str(), std::ofstream::binary);
output.write(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&data[0]),
std::streamsize(data.size()));
output.close();
}
static void SerializeParameterMap(ParameterMap ¶m, json &o) {
for (ParameterMap::iterator paramIt = param.begin(); paramIt != param.end();
++paramIt) {
if (paramIt->second.number_array.size()) {
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>(paramIt->first,
paramIt->second.number_array, o);
} else if (paramIt->second.json_double_value.size()) {
json json_double_value;
for (std::map<std::string, double>::iterator it =
paramIt->second.json_double_value.begin();
it != paramIt->second.json_double_value.end(); ++it) {
json_double_value[it->first] = it->second;
}
o[paramIt->first] = json_double_value;
} else if (!paramIt->second.string_value.empty()) {
SerializeStringProperty(paramIt->first, paramIt->second.string_value, o);
} else {
o[paramIt->first] = paramIt->second.bool_value;
}
}
}
static void SerializeGltfAccessor(Accessor &accessor, json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("bufferView", accessor.bufferView, o);
if (accessor.byteOffset != 0.0)
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("byteOffset", int(accessor.byteOffset), o);
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("componentType", accessor.componentType, o);
SerializeNumberProperty<size_t>("count", accessor.count, o);
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>("min", accessor.minValues, o);
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>("max", accessor.maxValues, o);
std::string type;
switch (accessor.type) {
case TINYGLTF_TYPE_SCALAR:
type = "SCALAR";
break;
case TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC2:
type = "VEC2";
break;
case TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC3:
type = "VEC3";
break;
case TINYGLTF_TYPE_VEC4:
type = "VEC4";
break;
case TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT2:
type = "MAT2";
break;
case TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT3:
type = "MAT3";
break;
case TINYGLTF_TYPE_MAT4:
type = "MAT4";
break;
}
SerializeStringProperty("type", type, o);
}
static void SerializeGltfAnimationChannel(AnimationChannel &channel,
json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty("sampler", channel.sampler, o);
json target;
SerializeNumberProperty("node", channel.target_node, target);
SerializeStringProperty("path", channel.target_path, target);
o["target"] = target;
}
static void SerializeGltfAnimationSampler(AnimationSampler &sampler,
json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty("input", sampler.input, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("output", sampler.output, o);
SerializeStringProperty("interpolation", sampler.interpolation, o);
}
static void SerializeGltfAnimation(Animation &animation, json &o) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", animation.name, o);
json channels;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < animation.channels.size(); ++i) {
json channel;
AnimationChannel gltfChannel = animation.channels[i];
SerializeGltfAnimationChannel(gltfChannel, channel);
channels.push_back(channel);
}
o["channels"] = channels;
json samplers;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < animation.samplers.size(); ++i) {
json sampler;
AnimationSampler gltfSampler = animation.samplers[i];
SerializeGltfAnimationSampler(gltfSampler, sampler);
samplers.push_back(sampler);
}
o["samplers"] = samplers;
}
static void SerializeGltfAsset(Asset &asset, json &o) {
if (!asset.generator.empty()) {
SerializeStringProperty("generator", asset.generator, o);
}
if (!asset.version.empty()) {
SerializeStringProperty("version", asset.version, o);
}
if (asset.extras.Keys().size()) {
SerializeValue("extras", asset.extras, o);
}
}
static void SerializeGltfBuffer(Buffer &buffer, json &o,
const std::string &binFilePath) {
SerializeGltfBufferData(buffer.data, binFilePath);
SerializeNumberProperty("byteLength", buffer.data.size(), o);
SerializeStringProperty("uri", binFilePath, o);
if (buffer.name.size()) SerializeStringProperty("name", buffer.name, o);
}
static void SerializeGltfBufferView(BufferView &bufferView,
json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty("buffer", bufferView.buffer, o);
SerializeNumberProperty<size_t>("byteLength", bufferView.byteLength, o);
SerializeNumberProperty<size_t>("byteStride", bufferView.byteStride, o);
SerializeNumberProperty<size_t>("byteOffset", bufferView.byteOffset, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("target", bufferView.target, o);
if (bufferView.name.size()) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", bufferView.name, o);
}
}
// Only external textures are serialized for now
static void SerializeGltfImage(Image &image, json &o) {
SerializeStringProperty("uri", image.uri, o);
if (image.name.size()) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", image.name, o);
}
}
static void SerializeGltfMaterial(Material &material, json &o) {
if (material.extPBRValues.size()) {
// Serialize PBR specular/glossiness material
json values;
SerializeParameterMap(material.extPBRValues, values);
json extension;
o["extensions"] = extension;
}
if (material.values.size()) {
json pbrMetallicRoughness;
SerializeParameterMap(material.values, pbrMetallicRoughness);
o["pbrMetallicRoughness"] = pbrMetallicRoughness;
}
json additionalValues;
SerializeParameterMap(material.additionalValues, o);
if (material.name.size()) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", material.name, o);
}
}
static void SerializeGltfMesh(Mesh &mesh, json &o) {
json primitives;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mesh.primitives.size(); ++i) {
json primitive;
json attributes;
Primitive gltfPrimitive = mesh.primitives[i];
for (std::map<std::string, int>::iterator attrIt =
gltfPrimitive.attributes.begin();
attrIt != gltfPrimitive.attributes.end(); ++attrIt) {
SerializeNumberProperty<int>(attrIt->first, attrIt->second, attributes);
}
primitive["attributes"] = attributes;
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("indices", gltfPrimitive.indices, primitive);
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("material", gltfPrimitive.material, primitive);
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("mode", gltfPrimitive.mode, primitive);
// Morph targets
if (gltfPrimitive.targets.size()) {
json targets;
for (unsigned int k = 0; k < gltfPrimitive.targets.size(); ++k) {
json targetAttributes;
std::map<std::string, int> targetData = gltfPrimitive.targets[k];
for (std::map<std::string, int>::iterator attrIt = targetData.begin();
attrIt != targetData.end(); ++attrIt) {
SerializeNumberProperty<int>(attrIt->first, attrIt->second,
targetAttributes);
}
targets.push_back(targetAttributes);
}
primitive["targets"] = targets;
}
primitives.push_back(primitive);
}
o["primitives"] = primitives;
if (mesh.weights.size()) {
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>("weights", mesh.weights, o);
}
if (mesh.name.size()) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", mesh.name, o);
}
}
static void SerializeGltfLight(Light &light, json &o) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", light.name, o);
SerializeNumberArrayProperty("color", light.color, o);
SerializeStringProperty("type", light.type, o);
}
static void SerializeGltfNode(Node &node, json &o) {
if (node.translation.size() > 0) {
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>("translation", node.translation, o);
}
if (node.rotation.size() > 0) {
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>("rotation", node.rotation, o);
}
if (node.scale.size() > 0) {
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>("scale", node.scale, o);
}
if (node.matrix.size() > 0) {
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<double>("matrix", node.matrix, o);
}
if (node.mesh != -1) {
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("mesh", node.mesh, o);
}
if (node.skin != -1) {
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("skin", node.skin, o);
}
if (node.camera != -1) {
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("camera", node.camera, o);
}
if (node.extLightsValues.size()) {
json values;
SerializeParameterMap(node.extLightsValues, values);
json lightsExt;
lightsExt["KHR_lights_cmn"] = values;
o["extensions"] = lightsExt;
}
SerializeStringProperty("name", node.name, o);
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<int>("children", node.children, o);
}
static void SerializeGltfSampler(Sampler &sampler, json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty("magFilter", sampler.magFilter, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("minFilter", sampler.minFilter, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("wrapS", sampler.wrapS, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("wrapT", sampler.wrapT, o);
}
static void SerializeGltfOrthographicCamera(const OrthographicCamera &camera,
json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty("zfar", camera.zfar, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("znear", camera.znear, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("xmag", camera.xmag, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("ymag", camera.ymag, o);
}
static void SerializeGltfPerspectiveCamera(const PerspectiveCamera &camera,
json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty("zfar", camera.zfar, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("znear", camera.znear, o);
if (camera.aspectRatio > 0) {
SerializeNumberProperty("aspectRatio", camera.aspectRatio, o);
}
if (camera.yfov > 0) {
SerializeNumberProperty("yfov", camera.yfov, o);
}
}
static void SerializeGltfCamera(const Camera &camera, json &o) {
SerializeStringProperty("type", camera.type, o);
if (!camera.name.empty()) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", camera.type, o);
}
if (camera.type.compare("orthographic") == 0) {
json orthographic;
SerializeGltfOrthographicCamera(camera.orthographic, orthographic);
o["orthographic"] = orthographic;
} else if (camera.type.compare("perspective") == 0) {
json perspective;
SerializeGltfPerspectiveCamera(camera.perspective, perspective);
o["perspective"] = perspective;
} else {
// ???
}
}
static void SerializeGltfScene(Scene &scene, json &o) {
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<int>("nodes", scene.nodes, o);
if (scene.name.size()) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", scene.name, o);
}
}
static void SerializeGltfSkin(Skin &skin, json &o) {
if (skin.inverseBindMatrices != -1)
SerializeNumberProperty("inverseBindMatrices", skin.inverseBindMatrices, o);
SerializeNumberArrayProperty<int>("joints", skin.joints, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("skeleton", skin.skeleton, o);
if (skin.name.size()) {
SerializeStringProperty("name", skin.name, o);
}
}
static void SerializeGltfTexture(Texture &texture, json &o) {
SerializeNumberProperty("sampler", texture.sampler, o);
SerializeNumberProperty("source", texture.source, o);
if (texture.extras.Size()) {
json extras;
SerializeValue("extras", texture.extras, o);
o["extras"] = extras;
}
}
static void WriteGltfFile(const std::string &output,
const std::string &content) {
std::ofstream gltfFile(output.c_str());
gltfFile << content << std::endl;
}
bool TinyGLTF::WriteGltfSceneToFile(
Model *model,
const std::string
&filename /*, bool embedImages, bool embedBuffers, bool writeBinary*/) {
json output;
// ACCESSORS
json accessors;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->accessors.size(); ++i) {
json accessor;
SerializeGltfAccessor(model->accessors[i], accessor);
accessors.push_back(accessor);
}
output["accessors"] = accessors;
// ANIMATIONS
if (model->animations.size()) {
json animations;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->animations.size(); ++i) {
if (model->animations[i].channels.size()) {
json animation;
SerializeGltfAnimation(model->animations[i], animation);
animations.push_back(animation);
}
}
output["animations"] = animations;
}
// ASSET
json asset;
SerializeGltfAsset(model->asset, asset);
output["asset"] = asset;
std::string binFilePath = filename;
std::string ext = ".bin";
std::string::size_type pos = binFilePath.rfind('.', binFilePath.length());
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
binFilePath = binFilePath.substr(0, pos) + ext;
} else {
binFilePath = "./" + binFilePath + ".bin";
}
// BUFFERS (We expect only one buffer here)
json buffers;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->buffers.size(); ++i) {
json buffer;
SerializeGltfBuffer(model->buffers[i], buffer, binFilePath);
buffers.push_back(buffer);
}
output["buffers"] = buffers;
// BUFFERVIEWS
json bufferViews;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->bufferViews.size(); ++i) {
json bufferView;
SerializeGltfBufferView(model->bufferViews[i], bufferView);
bufferViews.push_back(bufferView);
}
output["bufferViews"] = bufferViews;
// Extensions used
if (model->extensionsUsed.size()) {
SerializeStringArrayProperty("extensionsUsed", model->extensionsUsed,
output);
}
// Extensions required
if (model->extensionsRequired.size()) {
SerializeStringArrayProperty("extensionsRequired",
model->extensionsRequired, output);
}
// IMAGES
json images;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->images.size(); ++i) {
json image;
SerializeGltfImage(model->images[i], image);
images.push_back(image);
}
output["images"] = images;
// MATERIALS
json materials;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->materials.size(); ++i) {
json material;
SerializeGltfMaterial(model->materials[i], material);
materials.push_back(material);
}
output["materials"] = materials;
// MESHES
json meshes;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->meshes.size(); ++i) {
json mesh;
SerializeGltfMesh(model->meshes[i], mesh);
meshes.push_back(mesh);
}
output["meshes"] = meshes;
// NODES
json nodes;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->nodes.size(); ++i) {
json node;
SerializeGltfNode(model->nodes[i], node);
nodes.push_back(node);
}
output["nodes"] = nodes;
// SCENE
SerializeNumberProperty<int>("scene", model->defaultScene, output);
// SCENES
json scenes;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->scenes.size(); ++i) {
json currentScene;
SerializeGltfScene(model->scenes[i], currentScene);
scenes.push_back(currentScene);
}
output["scenes"] = scenes;
// SKINS
if (model->skins.size()) {
json skins;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->skins.size(); ++i) {
json skin;
SerializeGltfSkin(model->skins[i], skin);
skins.push_back(skin);
}
output["skins"] = skins;
}
// TEXTURES
json textures;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->textures.size(); ++i) {
json texture;
SerializeGltfTexture(model->textures[i], texture);
textures.push_back(texture);
}
output["textures"] = textures;
// SAMPLERS
json samplers;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->samplers.size(); ++i) {
json sampler;
SerializeGltfSampler(model->samplers[i], sampler);
samplers.push_back(sampler);
}
output["samplers"] = samplers;
// CAMERAS
json cameras;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->cameras.size(); ++i) {
json camera;
SerializeGltfCamera(model->cameras[i], camera);
cameras.push_back(camera);
}
output["cameras"] = cameras;
// LIGHTS
json lights;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < model->lights.size(); ++i) {
json light;
SerializeGltfLight(model->lights[i], light);
lights.push_back(light);
}
output["lights"] = lights;
WriteGltfFile(filename, output.dump());
return true;
}
} // namespace tinygltf
#endif // TINYGLTF_IMPLEMENTATION
| {'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'} | 1,959 |
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