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QANTA 9

[ { "answer": "<b>Baal</b> [or <b>Ba'al</b>; or <b>Baal</b> Hadad; or <b>Baalbek</b>; or <b>Baal</b> Hammon]", "answer_primary": "{Baal}", "clean_answers": [ "Baalbek", "Baal", "Ba'al", "Baal Hammon", "Baal Hadad" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this deity who holds a spear-shaped thunderbolt with a plant-like shaft in a stele discovered by Claude Schaeffer. The North African Sanctuary of Tophet was dedicated to this deity and his consort.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Ugarit</b>", "answer_primary": "{Ugarit}", "clean_answers": [ "Ugarit" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Baal with Thunderbolt was excavated from this Syrian city whose final ruler was Ammurapi. The Baal Cycle was found in this city.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Bronze</b> Age [or Late <b>Bronze</b> Age; or <b>Bronze</b> Age Collapse]", "answer_primary": "{Bronze} Age", "clean_answers": [ "Late Bronze Age", "Bronze Age", "Bronze Age Collapse", "Bronze" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Ugarit was one of the cities destroyed in a 12th century BC \"collapse\" during the late part of this age that followed the Stone Age.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Tracy K. <b>Smith</b>", "answer_primary": "Tracy K. {Smith}", "clean_answers": [ "Smith", "Tracy K. Smith" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this Harvard professor who was the US poet laureate from 2017 to 2019. This poet wrote the collection Life on Mars.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>star</b>s [or \"My God, It's Full of <b>Star</b>s\"] [Smith's father worked on the Hubble Space Telescope.]", "answer_primary": "{star}s", "clean_answers": [ "Star", "star", "stars" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The memory of Smith's late father inspired a poem from Life on Mars titled for these things. W. H. Auden's \"Funeral Blues\" says these things \"are not wanted now\" and tells the reader to \"put out every one.\"", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Chinese</b> [or <b>Hànyǔ</b>; or <b>Zhōngwén</b>; or <b>Mandarin</b> Chinese; or Classical <b>Chinese</b>] [<i>My Name Will Grow Wide Like a Tree</i> is by Yi Lei.]", "answer_primary": "{Chinese}", "clean_answers": [ "Mandarin Chinese", "Hànyǔ", "Chinese", "Mandarin", "Zhōngwén" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Smith translated the collection My Name Will Grow Wide Like a Tree into English despite not speaking this language. Ezra Pound created a version of The River Merchant's Wife even though he did not speak this language.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>kitchen</b>s [or <i>Semiotics of the </i><b><i>Kitchen</i></b>]", "answer_primary": "{kitchen}s", "clean_answers": [ "kitchens", "Kitchen", "Semiotics of the Kitchen", "kitchen" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this location, the setting of a pioneering piece of video art by Martha Rosler. That artwork is titled Semiotics of [this location].", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Cindy <b>Sherman</b>", "answer_primary": "Cindy {Sherman}", "clean_answers": [ "Cindy Sherman", "Sherman" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This photographer used kitchens as the setting of the untitled 3rd and 84th photographs in her best-known series, which depicts unnamed women in costume. This photographer also created the Bus Riders and Centerfolds series.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>film</b>s [or <b>cinema</b>; or <b>movie</b>s; or <i>Untitled</i><i> </i><b><i>Film</i></b><i> Stills</i>; or <i>Visual Pleasure and </i> <i>Narrative </i><b><i>Cinema</i></b>]", "answer_primary": "{film}s", "clean_answers": [ "movie", "Untitled Film Stills", "Film", "Cinema", "cinema", "film", "movies", "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema", "films" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Sherman's best-known series subverts depictions of women in this art form. Laura Mulvey critiqued how the \"male gaze\" depicts subjects such as Greta Garbo in this popular art form.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Mattel</b>", "answer_primary": "{Mattel}", "clean_answers": [ "Mattel" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this manufacturer of the Aquarius home computer. Its electronics division achieved more success providing accessories to its Barbie and Hot Wheels toy lines.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Zilog <b>Z80</b>", "answer_primary": "Zilog {Z80}", "clean_answers": [ "Zilog Z80", "Z80" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The Aquarius used this 8-bit processor introduced in 1976, which powers most third- generation gaming consoles and is still used in TI graphing calculators. Zilog announced that the manufacture of this processor will end in June 2024.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Intellivision</b>", "answer_primary": "{Intellivision}", "clean_answers": [ "Intellivision" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Mattel chose the CP1600 for this game console, controlled with a numeric keypad and a circular \"control disc.\" Its lauded games included Baseball and Demon Attack.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "the <b>Annunciation</b>", "answer_primary": "the {Annunciation}", "clean_answers": [ "Annunciation", "the Annunciation" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this scene. An angel with colorful wings is framed by an archway in Fra Angelico's depiction of this scene.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Carlo <b>Crivelli</b>", "answer_primary": "Carlo {Crivelli}", "clean_answers": [ "Crivelli", "Carlo Crivelli" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This artist included a pickle and an apple in his painting of the Annunciation, which shows a beam of light entering Mary's forehead from a UFO-like object.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>saint</b>s [or <b>Saint</b> Emidius; or <b>Saint</b> Lucy; or <b>Saint</b> Jerome]", "answer_primary": "{saint}s", "clean_answers": [ "Saint Jerome", "Saint Emidius", "Saint Lucy", "saint", "Saint", "saints" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Crivelli's Annunciation is with Emidius, one of these figures. Crivelli's other depictions of these figures for the Ascoli Piceno include Lucy holding her eyes on a plate and Jerome with a tiny lion by his feet.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>differential</b> rotation", "answer_primary": "{differential} rotation", "clean_answers": [ "differential", "differential rotation" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this kind of rotation that leads to a \"winding problem\" that motivated Lin and Shu's density-wave theory. This form of rotation creates shear forces because the rotation rate varies throughout a fluid.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>spiral</b>s", "answer_primary": "{spiral}s", "clean_answers": [ "spirals", "spiral" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Differentially rotating systems should be unable to maintain this shape, leading to the \"winding problem.\" The Orion Arm is a component of one of these shapes.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>sunspot</b>s", "answer_primary": "{sunspot}s", "clean_answers": [ "sunspot", "sunspots" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The differential rotation rate of the Sun's convective envelope can be measured by observing these cold regions on its surface.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>rock band</b>s [or underground <b>rock band</b>s; or <b>alternative rock band</b>s; or <b>psychedelic rock band</b>s; prompt on bands or music groups by asking, \"In what genre did they perform?\"]", "answer_primary": "{rock band}s", "clean_answers": [ "rock bands", "psychedelic rock bands", "rock band", "underground rock bands", "psychedelic rock band", "alternative rock bands", "alternative rock band" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name these groups. The dissident Mejla Hlavsa founded one of these groups in Czechoslovakia, popular among so-called máničky.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Václav <b>Havel</b>", "answer_primary": "Václav {Havel}", "clean_answers": [ "Havel", "Václav Havel" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This fan of Hlavsa's band, The Plastic People of the Universe, helped draft Charter 77 after the band's arrest. This politician later succeeded Gustáv Husák as president.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>velvet</b> [or The <b>Velvet</b> Underground; or <b>Velvet</b> Revolution; or <b>Velvet</b> Divorce]", "answer_primary": "{velvet}", "clean_answers": [ "velvet", "The Velvet Underground", "Velvet Revolution", "Velvet Divorce", "Velvet" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Havel claimed he was inspired to run for president by the music of a band named for this material, fronted by Lou Reed. Czechoslovakia's peaceful 1989 revolution and 1992 \"divorce\" were also named for this fabric.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>hang</b>ing on a <b>cliff</b> [or <b>cliffhang</b>er; or similar descriptions; prompt on being in danger or dying]", "answer_primary": "{hang}ing on a {cliff}", "clean_answers": [ "hang cliff", "hang", "cliffhang", "similar descriptions", "cliffhanger", "hanging on a cliff", "cliff" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Describe the situation which, in a climatic scene of A Pair of Blue Eyes, Henry Knight finds himself in before he is rescued with the help of Elfride's underwear.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Thomas <b>Hardy</b>", "answer_primary": "Thomas {Hardy}", "clean_answers": [ "Hardy", "Thomas Hardy" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This author's novel A Pair of Blue Eyes is the origin of the term \"cliffhanger.\" He set novels like Far from the Madding Crowd in a fictionalized Wessex.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>The French Lieutenant's Woman</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{The French Lieutenant's Woman}", "clean_answers": [ "The French Lieutenant's Woman" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "In this novel, Sarah Woodruff takes solitary walks along the cliffside after she is shunned by the residents of Lyme Regis. This John Fowles novel ends in its own unique way by giving the reader multiple endings to pick from.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Higgs</b> boson [or <b>Higgs</b> mechanism]", "answer_primary": "{Higgs} boson", "clean_answers": [ "Higgs", "Higgs boson", "Higgs mechanism" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this \"god particle\" which confers mass on other particles through its namesake mechanism.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Jeffrey <b>Goldstone</b> [or Nambu-<b>Goldstone</b> bosons]", "answer_primary": "Jeffrey {Goldstone}", "clean_answers": [ "Goldstone", "Nambu-Goldstone bosons", "Jeffrey Goldstone" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The 1964 PRL papers that first theorized the Higgs boson used the fact that this physicist's theorem requires spin-zero particles to be produced by spontaneous symmetry breaking.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>electronvolt</b>s [or <b>eV</b>; or kilo<b>electronvolts</b> or K<b>eV</b>; or mega<b>electronvolts</b> or M<b>eV</b>; or giga<b>electronvolts</b> or G<b>eV</b>; or any of the previous answers divided by c squared]", "answer_primary": "{electronvolt}s", "clean_answers": [ "eV", "KeV", "GeV", "megaelectronvolts", "electronvolt", "any of the previous answers divided by c squared", "kiloelectronvolts", "gigaelectronvolts", "MeV", "electronvolts" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The Higgs boson's mass, which cannot be calculated from the Standard Model, was discovered to be around 125 billion of these units. The mass of fundamental particles is typically reported in this unit prefixed by \"kilo-,\" \"mega-,\" or \"giga-.\"", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich <b>Hegel</b>", "answer_primary": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "clean_answers": [ "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "Hegel" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Johann Fichte's terminology of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis is often wrongly used to explain what German idealist philosopher's dialectic?", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>sittlichkeit</b> (“ZITT-lish-kite”) [or <b>ethical life</b>; or <b>ethical order</b>]", "answer_primary": "{sittlichkeit}", "clean_answers": [ "ethical order", "ethical life", "sittlichkeit" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Hegel's three spheres of right are abstract right, morality, and this right to family life and participation in civil society under the State. You may give the original German name or a two- word English translation.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>history</b> [or world-<b>history</b>; or <i>Lectures on the Philosophy of </i><b><i>History</i></b>]", "answer_primary": "{history}", "clean_answers": [ "world-history", "Lectures on the Philosophy of History", "history", "History" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The Philosophy of Right argues that even the State is subordinate to the \"world\" form of this concept. Hegel's lectures on this concept introduced the term \"Volksgeist.\"", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>heptapod</b>s [prompt on aliens]", "answer_primary": "{heptapod}s", "clean_answers": [ "heptapods", "heptapod" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name these characters in a novella whose language is studied by Dr. Gary Donnelly.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>Story of Your Life</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Story of Your Life}", "clean_answers": [ "Story of Your Life" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Louise Banks deciphers Heptapod A and Heptapod B in this novella by Ted Chiang. In this novella, which inspired the movie Arrival, Louise feels little regret for giving birth to her daughter despite knowing she will tragically die.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>Slaughterhouse-Five</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Slaughterhouse-Five}", "clean_answers": [ "Slaughterhouse-Five" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The theme of Story of Your Life derives in part from the introduction of this novel, in which Billy Pilgrim travels through time and witnesses the firebombing of Dresden.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Midas</b>", "answer_primary": "{Midas}", "clean_answers": [ "Midas" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this figure from Greek myth who, in Hawthorne's version, accidentally turns his daughter to gold.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Pandora's Box</b> [or answers describing the myth of <b>Pandora</b> opening the <b>jar</b> or <b>box</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Pandora's Box}", "clean_answers": [ "Pandora's Box", "Pandora jar", "answers describing the myth of Pandora opening the jar", "jar", "box", "Pandora" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Sheila Murnaghan highlighted how Hawthorne's retelling of this Greek myth downplays its severity as a child-like mistake. The original version of this myth centered on a pithos, which Erasmus mistranslated in his retelling.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Picus</b>", "answer_primary": "{Picus}", "clean_answers": [ "Picus" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Hawthorne's retelling of Circe's story has Odysseus request that this figure be changed back to a human along with his men. This first king of Latium was turned into a woodpecker by Circe.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "the <b>glass bead game</b> [or <b>glasperlenspiel</b>]", "answer_primary": "the {glass bead game}", "clean_answers": [ "glasperlenspiel", "the glass bead game", "glass bead game" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this activity that is studied by Plinio Designori in the country of Castalia. This activity is almost banned by Pope Pius XV in a novel mostly written during the 1930s.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Hermann <b>Hesse</b>", "answer_primary": "Hermann {Hesse}", "clean_answers": [ "Hermann Hesse", "Hesse" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Joseph Knecht becomes \"Magister Ludi,\" or master of the game, in this author's novel The Glass Bead Game.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Friedrich <b>Nietzsche</b>", "answer_primary": "Friedrich {Nietzsche}", "clean_answers": [ "Nietzsche", "Friedrich Nietzsche" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Mirroring Hesse's views, Fritz Tegularius in The Glass Bead Game is a representation of this person, as opposed to Father Jacobus, or Jakob Burckhardt. Hesse's novel Peter Camenzind contrasts the ethics of this person with those of Saint Francis of Assisi.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Last Universal Common Ancestor</b> [or <b>LUCA</b>; or <b>cenancestor</b>; prompt on descriptions]", "answer_primary": "{Last Universal Common Ancestor}", "clean_answers": [ "cenancestor", "Last Universal Common Ancestor", "LUCA" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this organism. This single-celled organism is known to have enzymes like DNA polymerase due to its presence in all modern organisms.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Wood-Ljungdahl</b> pathway [or <b>reductive acetyl-CoA</b> pathway; or <b>WL</b> pathway]", "answer_primary": "{Wood-Ljungdahl} pathway", "clean_answers": [ "WL", "Wood-Ljungdahl", "reductive acetyl-CoA", "Wood-Ljungdahl pathway", "reductive acetyl-CoA pathway", "WL pathway" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "LUCA is thought to have produced acetyl-CoA using this pathway, in which two carbon dioxide molecules are fixed in parallel using CO dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA synthase.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>phylogenetic tree</b> [or <b>evolutionary tree</b>; or <b>phylogeny</b>; prompt on tree of life; prompt on chronogram; prompt on dendrogram; prompt on phylogram; reject \"cladogram\"]", "answer_primary": "{phylogenetic tree}", "clean_answers": [ "phylogeny", "phylogenetic tree", "evolutionary tree" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "These graphs represent evolutionary relationships between ancestors and descendants. Branch points on these diagrams represent where lineages split from each other.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Khufu</b> [or <b>Cheops</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Khufu}", "clean_answers": [ "Cheops", "Khufu" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this ruler who shipped stone from Tuva for a building project. Herodotus claimed this ruler forced his daughter into prostitution and demanded that she be paid in blocks of limestone.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Merer</b> [or Diary of <b>Merer</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Merer}", "clean_answers": [ "Merer", "Diary of Merer" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This official described the transport of limestone blocks to Giza, where they might have been used to clad Khufu's pyramid. Papyri containing this man's diary were excavated in 2013 by Pierre Tallet.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Sphinx</b> [or Great <b>Sphinx</b> of Giza]", "answer_primary": "{Sphinx}", "clean_answers": [ "Great Sphinx of Giza", "Sphinx" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This statue at Giza depicts a half-animal, half-lion figure. Napoleon was falsely accused of breaking this statue's nose with a cannonball.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Malcolm <b>Arnold</b> [Sir Malcolm Henry <b>Arnold</b>]", "answer_primary": "Malcolm {Arnold}", "clean_answers": [ "Sir Malcolm Henry Arnold", "Malcolm Arnold", "Arnold" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this English composer of sets of four Cornish, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh dances. This composer wrote a concert suite based on his score for The Bridge on the River Kwai.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "John <b>Cage</b> [John Milton <b>Cage</b> Jr.]", "answer_primary": "John {Cage}", "clean_answers": [ "John Milton Cage Jr.", "John Cage", "Cage" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This composer's experimental piece Water Walk calls for household appliances like a pressure cooker and bathtub. The pianist sits silently in front of the piano in this composer's 4'33\".", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Erik <b>Satie</b> [the ballet is <i>Parade</i>]", "answer_primary": "Erik {Satie}", "clean_answers": [ "Satie", "Erik Satie", "the ballet is Parade" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "\"Noise-making\" instruments commonly found in the home, such as milk bottles and typewriters, appear in a surrealist Leonide Massine ballet set to music by this composer based on a Jean Cocteau setting.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Cahokia</b>", "answer_primary": "{Cahokia}", "clean_answers": [ "Cahokia" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this settlement where women overwhelmingly domesticated crops near timber circles called Woodhenge.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "burial <b>mound</b>s [or <b>tumulus</b>; or <b>tumuli</b>]", "answer_primary": "burial {mound}s", "clean_answers": [ "burial mounds", "tumuli", "mound", "tumulus" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "These burial locations, one of which included 72, include effigy examples exemplified by the Great Serpent in Ohio.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Hohokam</b>", "answer_primary": "{Hohokam}", "clean_answers": [ "Hohokam" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Archaeological evidence suggests women played a large role in the construction of mounds by this American Southwest culture around its settlement of Snaketown. This culture built the most complex canal system in the pre-Columbian era.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>phantom</b> islands [or descriptive answers indicating they are islands that <b>don't </b> <b>exist</b>]", "answer_primary": "{phantom} islands", "clean_answers": [ "phantom", "don't exist", "descriptive answers indicating they are islands that don't exist", "exist", "don't", "phantom islands" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this characteristic of locations such as Pepys Island. One place with this characteristic supposedly discovered by James Cook was covered by black pixels on Google Maps until 2012.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Lake <b>Superior</b>", "answer_primary": "Lake {Superior}", "clean_answers": [ "Lake Superior", "Superior" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The phantom island Isle Phelipeaux was most likely a duplication of Isle Royale located in this body of water, the largest freshwater lake by surface area in the world.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Weddell</b> Sea", "answer_primary": "{Weddell} Sea", "clean_answers": [ "Weddell Sea", "Weddell" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "A fata morgana most likely led Benjamin Morrell to spot a land he dubbed \"New South Greenland\" in this sea. The Ellsworth Mountains are near this dangerous sea where Ernest Shackleton's Endurance froze.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "London <b>dispersion</b> forces [or <b>dispersion</b> forces; or <b>London</b> forces; or <b>LDF</b>; prompt on van der Waals forces; prompt on intermolecular forces or IMF]", "answer_primary": "London {dispersion} forces", "clean_answers": [ "London", "dispersion forces", "dispersion", "London dispersion forces", "LDF", "London forces" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this interaction. The attractive term of the Lennard-Jones potential describes this interaction.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>hydrogen bond</b>ing [or <b>H bond</b>ing]", "answer_primary": "{hydrogen bond}ing", "clean_answers": [ "H bond", "hydrogen bonding", "H bonding", "hydrogen bond" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "While London dispersion forces dominate in nonpolar molecules, this interaction is dominant in molecules that contain its namesake element and an electronegative donor. This intermolecular force is responsible for cohesion and adhesion in water.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "electric <b>polarizability</b> [prompt on alpha; reject \"polarization\"; reject \"magnetic polarizability\"]", "answer_primary": "electric {polarizability}", "clean_answers": [ "polarizability", "electric polarizability" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The dispersion force between two molecules is proportional to this quantity, explaining why larger molecules have stronger dispersion forces. This quantity measures how easily electrons can be redistributed in the presence of an external electric field.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Paris catacomb</b>s [or <b>Catacombs of Paris</b>; or <b>Catacombes de Paris</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Paris catacomb}s", "clean_answers": [ "Paris catacomb", "Catacombs of Paris", "Catacombes de Paris", "Paris catacombs" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this place to which bones from the Holy Innocents cemetery were transferred, stabilizing a sinking city.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>urban exploration</b>", "answer_primary": "{urban exploration}", "clean_answers": [ "urban exploration" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "People with this hobby installed an underground movie theater and bar in the Paris catacombs. Catacombs are a major target for people with this hobby, whose name is concatenated to urbex.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Palermo</b>", "answer_primary": "{Palermo}", "clean_answers": [ "Palermo" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "In this city's Capuchin Catacombs, cadavers would be moved to a storage shelf if the corpse's family stopped paying a subscription. This city is home to a hunting lodge called the Zisa.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Democrat</b>ic Party [or <b>Democrat</b>s]", "answer_primary": "{Democrat}ic Party", "clean_answers": [ "Democratic Party", "Democrat", "Democrats" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this party, which experienced a namesake revolution in 1954, where it won a majority in Hawai'i's Territorial Legislature over the Republicans.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Daniel <b>Inouye</b> [Daniel Ken <b>Inouye</b>]", "answer_primary": "Daniel {Inouye}", "clean_answers": [ "Inouye", "Daniel Inouye", "Daniel Ken Inouye" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This Democrat, elected to the legislature in 1954, later became Hawai'i's first representative in Congress after it gained statehood. Before Kamala Harris, he was the highest- ranking Asian American politician in US history.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>442</b>nd Infantry Regiment", "answer_primary": "{442}nd Infantry Regiment", "clean_answers": [ "442nd Infantry Regiment", "442" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Many of the Democrats elected in 1954, including Inouye, were veterans of this regiment in World War II. This unit was mostly composed of Nisei and used the motto \"Go For Broke.\"", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>piano trio</b>s [prompt on trios]", "answer_primary": "{piano trio}s", "clean_answers": [ "piano trios", "piano trio" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this genre of a G major Haydn piece ending with a \"Rondo all'Ongarese,\" as well as Beethoven pieces nicknamed \"Ghost\" for violin, cello, and its namesake keyboard instrument.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Carl <b>Czerny</b> (\"CHAIR-nee\")", "answer_primary": "Carl {Czerny}", "clean_answers": [ "Czerny", "Carl Czerny" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The \"Ghost\" Trio's nickname comes from a remark about its eerie Largo by this Czech teacher of Franz Liszt. He wrote piano etude collections such as The School of Velocity.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Jascha <b>Heifetz</b> (\"YA-shah HIGH-fits\")", "answer_primary": "Jascha {Heifetz}", "clean_answers": [ "Heifetz", "Jascha Heifetz" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Cellists Emanuel Feuermann and Gregory Piatigorsky played the \"Archduke\" Trio in the \"Million Dollar Trio\" alongside Arthur Rubinstein and this Jewish violin virtuoso, who commissioned concertos from Korngold and Walton.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>morality</b> plays", "answer_primary": "{morality} plays", "clean_answers": [ "morality plays", "morality" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "The Ordo Virtutum by the abbess Hildegard of Bingen is the earliest surviving play in this genre, which also includes the British play Everyman.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Hrotsvitha</b> of Gandersheim", "answer_primary": "{Hrotsvitha} of Gandersheim", "clean_answers": [ "Hrotsvitha", "Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This canoness from Gandersheim wrote under the Ottonian Dynasty, reworked Terence's plays to include Christian characters in the Liber Secundus, and produced several hagiographies.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>muse</b>s", "answer_primary": "{muse}s", "clean_answers": [ "muse", "muses" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "A Renaissance-era dedication to Hrotsvitha calls her the \"eleventh\" one of these figures. Many poems in the Medieval and ancient eras begin with an appeal or invocation to these nine Greek goddesses of literature and the arts.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>kobold</b>s [The element is cobalt.]", "answer_primary": "{kobold}s", "clean_answers": [ "kobolds", "kobold", "The element is cobalt." ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name these goblin-like sprites in Germanic folklore, which provide the etymology for a transition metal.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Grimm</b> [or Jacob <b>Grimm</b>; or Wilhelm <b>Grimm</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Grimm}", "clean_answers": [ "Jacob Grimm", "Wilhelm Grimm", "Grimm" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "A mythologist with this last name traced the kobold to Roman household gods in one of his German mythology books. He compiled fairy tales with his brother Wilhelm of the same last name.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>dwarf</b> [or <b>dwarve</b>s]", "answer_primary": "{dwarf}", "clean_answers": [ "dwarves", "dwarf", "dwarve" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "In Germanic mythology, Goldemar is a king who's either a kobold or one of these creatures. The sons of Ivaldi are these creatures.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Cleopatra</b> [or <b>Cleopatra</b> of Epirus; or <b>Cleopatra</b> VII Philopator]", "answer_primary": "{Cleopatra}", "clean_answers": [ "Cleopatra", "Cleopatra VII Philopator", "Cleopatra of Epirus" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Give this name also shared by a different ruler who was betrayed by the eunuch Ganymedes in a civil war that led to the execution of Arsinoe IV.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Olympias</b>", "answer_primary": "{Olympias}", "clean_answers": [ "Olympias" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Cleopatra of Epirus worked closely with this woman, who may have had a hand in assassinating her husband Philip II of Macedon. This mother of Alexander the Great was killed on the orders of Cassander.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Ptolemaic</b> dynasty [or <b>Ptolemy</b>; or <b>Ptolemies</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Ptolemaic} dynasty", "clean_answers": [ "Ptolemaic dynasty", "Ptolemaic", "Ptolemy", "Ptolemies" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Cleopatra VII of Egypt belonged to this Hellenistic dynasty, which took its name from one of Alexander's generals.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>pyridine</b> [or <b>pyridinium</b>; or <b>pyridinium</b> chlorochromate; prompt on PCC]", "answer_primary": "{pyridine}", "clean_answers": [ "pyridine", "pyridinium chlorochromate", "pyridinium" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this molecule. A chlorochromate derivative of this molecule is used to gently oxidate alcohols.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "free <b>radical</b>s", "answer_primary": "free {radical}s", "clean_answers": [ "free radicals", "radical" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Elemental sodium can be used to dimerize pyridine via one of these intermediates. These highly-reactive species have an unpaired electron.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>titration</b> [or Fischer <b>titration</b>]", "answer_primary": "{titration}", "clean_answers": [ "Fischer titration", "titration" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Pyridine can be used in a version of this procedure named for Karl Fischer, which is used to find trace amounts of water.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Jean-Marie <b>Le Pen</b> [Jean Louis Marie <b>Le Pen</b>; do not accept \"Marine Le Pen\" or \"Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen\"]", "answer_primary": "Jean-Marie {Le Pen}", "clean_answers": [ "Le Pen", "Jean Louis Marie Le Pen", "Jean-Marie Le Pen" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this far-right leader of the National Front who lost the 2002 presidential election in a landslide.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Holocaust</b> [or <b>Shoah</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Holocaust}", "clean_answers": [ "Shoah", "Holocaust" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Le Pen had earlier been fined 1.2 million francs for comments minimizing this genocide, such as dismissing its gas chambers merely as \"a detail in the history of World War II.\"", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Gayssot</b> Act [or <b>Gayssot</b> Law]", "answer_primary": "{Gayssot} Act", "clean_answers": [ "Gayssot Act", "Gayssot", "Gayssot Law" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Le Pen would continue to be fined for his comments about the Holocaust, many of which violated this law. This 1990 law criminalized Holocaust denial in France and was signed by François Mitterand.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b><i>Man Proposes, God Disposes</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Man Proposes, God Disposes}", "clean_answers": [ "Man Proposes, God Disposes" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this painting that depicts two polar bears gnawing on the remains of a shipwreck. It is titled after a phrase in Thomas à Kempis's The Imitation of Christ.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Trafalgar Square</b> [prompt on the fourth plinth by asking \"In what larger location is that found?\"]", "answer_primary": "{Trafalgar Square}", "clean_answers": [ "Trafalgar Square" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Man Proposes, God Disposes was painted by Edwin Landseer, who also designed the four bronze lions at the base of Nelson's Column in this location. Hans Haacke's skeletal sculpture Gift Horse is also in this location.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "red <b>deer</b> [or <b>stag</b>; or <b>hart</b>; or <b>doe</b>; or <b>hind</b>]", "answer_primary": "red {deer}", "clean_answers": [ "stag", "doe", "hart", "hind", "deer", "red deer" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Landseer's The Monarch of the Glen depicts one of these animals with majestic antlers. Many of these animals flee in Paolo Uccello's The Hunt in the Forest.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Heisenberg</b> uncertainty principle [or Heisenberg <b>uncertainty</b> principle]", "answer_primary": "{Heisenberg} uncertainty principle", "clean_answers": [ "Heisenberg uncertainty principle", "uncertainty", "Heisenberg" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this principle which states one cannot measure the position and momentum of a quantum particle with arbitrary precision.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>coherent</b> states [do not accept \"squeezed states\"]", "answer_primary": "{coherent} states", "clean_answers": [ "coherent", "coherent states" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The lower bound of the uncertainty principle is achieved by these states in which each observable has the same uncertainty. These states are eigenstates of the annihilation operator.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "quantum <b>harmonic oscillator</b> [or Q<b>HO</b>; do not accept \"simple harmonic oscillator\" or \"SHO\"]", "answer_primary": "quantum {harmonic oscillator}", "clean_answers": [ "harmonic oscillator", "QHO", "HO", "quantum harmonic oscillator" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The creation and annihilation operators are called ladder operators for this quantum system. The potential of this system is proportional to x-squared.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Sierra Leone</b> [Republic of <b>Sierra Leone</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Sierra Leone}", "clean_answers": [ "Sierra Leone", "Republic of Sierra Leone" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this setting of The Memory of Love by Aminatta Forna. An author from this country depicted himself as a young boy who befriends \"Little Rambo\" Alhaji.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>memoir</b>s [or <b>autobiography</b>]", "answer_primary": "{memoir}s", "clean_answers": [ "memoir", "memoirs", "autobiography" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Ishmael Beah wrote about the Sierra Leone civil war in A Long Way Gone, which is in this genre of narrative nonfiction based on the author's personal experiences.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "the <b>Devil</b> [or <i>The </i><b><i>Devil</i></b><i> </i><i>That Danced on the Water</i>; or <i>Shake Hands with the </i><b><i>Devil</i></b>]", "answer_primary": "the {Devil}", "clean_answers": [ "Shake Hands with the Devil", "The Devil That Danced on the Water", "Devil", "the Devil" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The Sierra Leone civil war inspired a Forna novel titled for this character That Danced on the Water. A book by Romeo Dallaire that chronicles the Rwandan genocide is titled Shake Hands with this figure.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Alfred <b>Kroeber</b> [Alfred Louis <b>Kroeber</b>]", "answer_primary": "Alfred {Kroeber}", "clean_answers": [ "Alfred Louis Kroeber", "Alfred Kroeber", "Kroeber" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "This anthropologist viewed acculturation as a gradual, mutual change between two cultures. This Berkeley anthropologist conducted interviews with Ishi, the last member of California's Yahi people.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Bronislaw <b>Malinowski</b> [Bronisław Kasper <b>Malinowski</b>]", "answer_primary": "Bronislaw {Malinowski}", "clean_answers": [ "Bronislaw Malinowski", "Malinowski", "Bronisław Kasper Malinowski" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This Polish-British anthropologist highlighted the importance of the \"zero point\" before acculturation begins in The Dynamics of Culture Change. He also wrote Argonauts of the Western Pacific.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Cuba</b> [Republic of <b>Cuba</b>] [The anthropologist is Fernando Ortiz.]", "answer_primary": "{Cuba}", "clean_answers": [ "Cuba", "Republic of Cuba] [The anthropologist is Fernando Ortiz." ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "An anthropologist from this country posited transculturation, a two-way exchange, as an alternative to acculturation. This country's changing political landscape has made it difficult for anthropologists to study its Abakua secret fraternity.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Charles Brockden <b>Brown</b>", "answer_primary": "Charles Brockden {Brown}", "clean_answers": [ "Brown", "Charles Brockden Brown" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this author of Arthur Mervyn. In another novel by this author, Theodore is driven to kill his wife, children, and eventually himself by the biloquist Carwin.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Gothic</b> fiction", "answer_primary": "{Gothic} fiction", "clean_answers": [ "Gothic", "Gothic fiction" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Brown's novel Wieland is often considered the first American novel in this horror-filled genre of Bram Stoker's Dracula.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Edgar</b> [or <b>Edgar</b> Huntly; or <b>Edgar</b> Allan Poe]", "answer_primary": "{Edgar}", "clean_answers": [ "Edgar Huntly", "Edgar Allan Poe", "Edgar" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Brown created a character with this first name and the surname Huntly, who investigates the murder of Waldegrave by a sleepwalker. An author with this first name wrote a story in which Roderick is attacked by his supposedly dead twin Madeline.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Panama</b> [Republic of <b>Panama</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Panama}", "clean_answers": [ "Republic of Panama", "Panama" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this Central American country that gained sovereignty over its namesake canal during Moscoso's presidency.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Omar <b>Torrijos</b> [Omar Efrain <b>Torrijos</b> Herrera; or <b>Torrijos</b>–Carter Treaties]", "answer_primary": "Omar {Torrijos}", "clean_answers": [ "Omar Torrijos", "Omar Efrain Torrijos Herrera", "Torrijos–Carter Treaties", "Torrijos" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Moscoso came to power after defeating the illegitimate son of this dictator. This dictator signed a set of treaties with Jimmy Carter to begin the transfer of the Panama Canal.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Arias</b> [or Arnulfo <b>Arias</b> Madrid; or Óscar <b>Arias</b> Sanchéz]", "answer_primary": "{Arias}", "clean_answers": [ "Óscar Arias Sanchéz", "Arnulfo Arias Madrid", "Arias" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Omar Torrijos came to power after overthrowing Moscoso's husband, who had this surname. A Costa Rican president with this surname won the 1987 Nobel Peace Prize for a proposed solution to the Central American Crisis.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b><i>Heaven's Gate</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Heaven's Gate}", "clean_answers": [ "Heaven's Gate" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this expensive \"anti-Western\" flop by Michael Cimino about Sheriff Jim Averil's fight against Wyoming cattle owners.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "David <b>Lynch</b> [David Keith <b>Lynch</b>]", "answer_primary": "David {Lynch}", "clean_answers": [ "David Keith Lynch", "Lynch", "David Lynch" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "During the production of Heaven's Gate, actor John Hurt went off to make The Elephant Man, a film by this director of Blue Velvet and Twin Peaks.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Jeff <b>Bridges</b> [Jeffrey Leon <b>Bridges</b>]", "answer_primary": "Jeff {Bridges}", "clean_answers": [ "Bridges", "Jeffrey Leon Bridges", "Jeff Bridges" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This actor plays a minor role as a businessman in Heaven's Gate. In another film, he plays a White Russian-loving slacker who bowls with friends Walter and Donny.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Tom <b>Stoppard</b> [or Tomáš <b>Sträussler</b>]", "answer_primary": "Tom {Stoppard}", "clean_answers": [ "Stoppard", "Tom Stoppard", "Sträussler", "Tomáš Sträussler" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this author who drew on the stories of his grandparents, who were Holocaust victims, for a 2020 play. This author used World War I as the backdrop of his play Travesties.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>Leopoldstadt</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Leopoldstadt}", "clean_answers": [ "Leopoldstadt" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "In this 2020 Stoppard play, the Nazis seize the Merz family's property during the Anschluss, after which it is revealed that Jacob is the legal son of Gretl and Fritz.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "A. E. <b>Housman</b> [Alfred Edward <b>Housman</b>]", "answer_primary": "A. E. {Housman}", "clean_answers": [ "Housman", "Alfred Edward Housman", "A. E. Housman" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "In Stoppard's play The Invention of Love, this poet reflects on his lifelong love for Moses Jackson while boarding a ferry to the afterlife. This poet wrote the collection A Shropshire Lad.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Boston</b>", "answer_primary": "{Boston}", "clean_answers": [ "Boston" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this city that has experimented with free public transit under Mayor Michelle Wu. This New England city's four trackless trolley lines principally operate in nearby Cambridge.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Kansas City</b>", "answer_primary": "{Kansas City}", "clean_answers": [ "Kansas City" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This was the first US city to approve a fare-free public transit system, which includes the Metro Area Express. This city's transportation authority services much of Jackson County and has a headquarters in nearby Olathe.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Alexandria</b>, Virginia", "answer_primary": "{Alexandria}, Virginia", "clean_answers": [ "Alexandria", "Alexandria, Virginia" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This city's DASH bus lines went fare-free in September 2021. This city's free trolley system passes by the George Washington Masonic National Memorial through its Old Town south of DC.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>ulna</b> [or <b>ulnar</b> collateral ligament; prompt on UCL]", "answer_primary": "{ulna}", "clean_answers": [ "ulna", "ulnar", "ulnar collateral ligament" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this bone that is connected to the humerus by that \"collateral ligament.\" Along with the radius, this is one of the two major bones in the forearm.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>valgus</b> [or <b>valgus</b> stress; or <b>valgus</b> deformity; or genu <b>valgum</b>]", "answer_primary": "{valgus}", "clean_answers": [ "valgus stress", "valgus deformity", "valgus", "valgum", "genu valgum" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Injuries to the UCL are often diagnosed by a test that applies this sort of stress to the joint. This word refers to a deformity where the bone distal to a joint is turned away from the body's centerline, such as in knock knees.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>repetitive strain</b> injuries [or <b>RSI</b>; or <b>repetitive stress</b> injuries; or <b>cumulative </b> <b>trauma</b> disorders or <b>CTD</b>s; or <b>occupational</b> injuries; or <b>overuse</b> injuries; or <b>work-related</b> musculoskeletal disorders]", "answer_primary": "{repetitive strain} injuries", "clean_answers": [ "work-related", "occupational injuries", "CTD", "repetitive strain", "repetitive stress", "cumulative trauma disorders", "cumulative", "overuse", "repetitive strain injuries", "RSI", "overuse injuries", "occupational", "CTDs", "cumulative trauma", "repetitive stress injuries", "trauma", "work-related musculoskeletal disorders" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "UCL tears are typically injuries of this type, which are defined by the kind of motion that causes them. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an injury of this type.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>e-scooter</b>s [or <b>electric scooter</b>s or <b>scooter</b>s; do not accept \"e-bikes\"]", "answer_primary": "{e-scooter}s", "clean_answers": [ "scooters", "e-scooters", "scooter", "electric scooters", "electric scooter", "e-scooter" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name these objects, which are operated by companies like Dott, Tier and Voi. A US-based operator of these objects attracted controversy in 2018 for programming these objects to threaten to call the police when touched.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Anne <b>Hidalgo</b> [Ana María <b>Hidalgo</b> Aleu]", "answer_primary": "Anne {Hidalgo}", "clean_answers": [ "Ana María Hidalgo Aleu", "Anne Hidalgo", "Hidalgo" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This Mayor of Paris promotes cycling and bike-sharing, but supports the ban on e-scooters. This Socialist Party member has been Paris's first female Mayor since 2014.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Boris <b>Johnson</b> [or <b>Boris</b> bicycles; or <b>Boris</b> bikes]", "answer_primary": "Boris {Johnson}", "clean_answers": [ "Boris", "Boris bicycles", "Boris bikes", "Boris Johnson", "Johnson" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Lime is one of the companies trialing e-scooters in London, competing with the rental bikes colloquially named after this politician. This Prime Minister held parties in Downing Street during Covid lockdowns and was succeeded by Liz Truss in 2022.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Andrey Nikolaevich <b>Kolmogorov</b> [or <b>Kolmogorov</b>-Smirnov test; or <b>Kolmogorov</b> zero-one law]", "answer_primary": "Andrey Nikolaevich {Kolmogorov}", "clean_answers": [ "Kolmogorov-Smirnov test", "Kolmogorov zero-one law", "Kolmogorov", "Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this mathematician whose namesake zero-one law states that certain events happen almost surely or will almost surely won't occur.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>measure</b>s [or probability <b>measure</b>s; or Lebesgue <b>measure</b>s]", "answer_primary": "{measure}s", "clean_answers": [ "measures", "Lebesgue measures", "probability measures", "measure" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Kolmogorov laid the basis for modern probability, which is rigorously defined using these sub-additive functions that are defined on sigma-algebras. One of these functions that generalizes length is used to define the Lebesgue integral.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>empty</b> set [or <b>null</b> set]", "answer_primary": "{empty} set", "clean_answers": [ "null set", "empty set", "empty", "null" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "An axiom of probability theory is that the probability of this set equals zero. Denoted by a circle with a slash through it, this set contains no elements.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Hagar</b>", "answer_primary": "{Hagar}", "clean_answers": [ "Hagar" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this slave of Abraham's wife Sarah and mother of Ishmael.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>liberation</b> theology [or Black <b>liberation</b> theology]", "answer_primary": "{liberation} theology", "clean_answers": [ "liberation theology", "liberation", "Black liberation theology" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Williams critiqued theologians from the Black form of this theological movement for not incorporating the Black female experience into their work. This originally Latin American movement supports a \"preferential option for the poor.\"", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Union</b> Theological Seminary [<b>Union</b> Theological Seminary in the City of New York; or <b>UTS</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Union} Theological Seminary", "clean_answers": [ "UTS", "Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York", "Union Theological Seminary", "Union" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Delores Williams taught at this Columbia-affiliated seminary in New York City, whose notable faculty also included James Cone and Reinhold Niebuhr.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "first <b>transatlantic</b> telegraph <b>cable</b> [or answers relating to <b>telegraph</b>y across the <b>Atlantic</b>; prompt on telegraph or cable]", "answer_primary": "first {transatlantic} telegraph {cable}", "clean_answers": [ "Atlantic", "telegraph", "telegraph Atlantic", "transatlantic cable", "cable", "transatlantic", "answers relating to telegraphy across the Atlantic", "first transatlantic telegraph cable" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this project, conceived by engineer Frederic Newton Gisborne and financed by Cyrus West Field. The SS Great Eastern replaced this project after it was damaged in 1858.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Samuel <b>Morse</b> [Samuel Finley Breese <b>Morse</b>]", "answer_primary": "Samuel {Morse}", "clean_answers": [ "Samuel Morse", "Samuel Finley Breese Morse", "Morse" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Among the members of the Cable Cabinet Field was this American inventor who designed the telegraph used in the U.S. This man names the code used to transmit text via telegraphy.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Western Union</b> Company [or <b>Western Union</b> Telegraph Company]", "answer_primary": "{Western Union} Company", "clean_answers": [ "Western Union Company", "Western Union", "Western Union Telegraph Company" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This company tried but failed to build the overland Russian-American Telegraph, abandoning it in 1866. Ezra Cornell founded this company, which was eventually taken over by Jay Gould in 1881.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Parkinson</b>'s disease [or <b>Parkinson</b>'s disease dementia; or <b>PD</b>D]", "answer_primary": "{Parkinson}'s disease", "clean_answers": [ "Parkinson's disease dementia", "PD", "Parkinson's disease", "PDD", "Parkinson" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this \"shaking palsy\" characterized by a deficiency in dopamine. This disease is marked by muscle rigidity and tremors.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>alpha-synuclein</b> [prompt on synucleins]", "answer_primary": "{alpha-synuclein}", "clean_answers": [ "alpha-synuclein" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The Lewy bodies that accumulate in the brains of Lewy body dementia patients are primarily composed of this protein, which is encoded for by the SNCA gene.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>substantia nigra</b>", "answer_primary": "{substantia nigra}", "clean_answers": [ "substantia nigra" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "In Parkinson’s disease, alpha-synuclein forms Lewy bodies in this part of the basal ganglia. The death of dopamine-producing neurons in this structure is a cause of Parkinson’s disease.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "John <b>Gardner</b> [John Champlin <b>Gardner</b>, Jr.]", "answer_primary": "John {Gardner}", "clean_answers": [ "John Gardner", "John Champlin Gardner, Jr.", "Gardner" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this author of the 1978 aesthetic manifesto On Moral Fiction.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>Grendel</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Grendel}", "clean_answers": [ "Grendel" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Gardner's own fiction includes this 1971 novella which retells Beowulf from the perspective of the title monster.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Welsh</b> people [or <b>Welsh</b> Americans]", "answer_primary": "{Welsh} people", "clean_answers": [ "Welsh", "Welsh Americans", "Welsh people" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Many of Gardner's stories discuss his heritage in this ethnic group, whose mythology was compiled by Charlotte Guest. Evan Evans helped revive the tradition of the Eisteddfod, a competitive festival of poetry and music held by this group.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Heracles' Twelve <b>Labors</b>", "answer_primary": "Heracles' Twelve {Labors}", "clean_answers": [ "Heracles' Twelve Labors", "Labors" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "King Eurystheus hid in a jar after the successful completion of three of these events, including after the first one which required slaying the Nemean lion.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Ares</b>", "answer_primary": "{Ares}", "clean_answers": [ "Ares" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The Aloadae giant twins kidnapped this deity and trapped him in a jar for over a year before he was rescued by Hermes. This deity turned Alectryon into a rooster for falling asleep on guard duty.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Glaucus</b>", "answer_primary": "{Glaucus}", "clean_answers": [ "Glaucus" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This son of Minos and Pasiphae died after falling into a jar of honey and drowning, though Polyidus was able to resurrect him.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Igbo</b> [or <b>Ibo</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Igbo}", "clean_answers": [ "Ibo", "Igbo" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this ethnic group. Another novel reflects this ethnic group's beliefs when Ezinma has a medicine man dig up a cloth-wrapped stone because she is thought to be a type of changeling child.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>Things Fall Apart</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Things Fall Apart}", "clean_answers": [ "Things Fall Apart" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Ezinma appears in this novel by Chinua Achebe about the champion wrestler Okonkwo.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>We Need New Names</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{We Need New Names}", "clean_answers": [ "We Need New Names" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "In this novel, the \"bestest\" pagan healer Vodloza is criticized by a Christian prophet named Revelations Bitchington Mborro, who traumatizes a woman he tries to exorcise. This novel's first chapter is \"Hitting Budapest.\"", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>cat</b>s [or Schrödinger's <b>cat</b>]", "answer_primary": "{cat}s", "clean_answers": [ "cats", "Schrödinger's cat", "cat" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "The front and back cover of Griffiths' textbook respectively show one of what animals as alive and dead in reference to a thought experiment?", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Richard <b>Feynman</b> [or <b><i>Feynman</i></b><i> </i><i>Lectures;</i> or <b>Feynman</b> propagator]", "answer_primary": "Richard {Feynman}", "clean_answers": [ "Feynman propagator", "Feynman", "Feynman Lectures", "Richard Feynman" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "This physicist's quantum mechanics textbook does not cover the Schrödinger equation until the last chapter. In this physicist's formulation of quantum mechanics, probability amplitudes are given by the propagator.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Hans <b>Bethe</b> (\"BAY-tuh\")", "answer_primary": "Hans {Bethe}", "clean_answers": [ "Hans Bethe", "Bethe" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The most popular graduate textbook in quantum mechanics is by J. J. Sakurai, whose PhD was advised by this physicist. This Cornell professor and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker independently theorized the CNO cycle.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Richmond</b>", "answer_primary": "{Richmond}", "clean_answers": [ "Richmond" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this city, which had earlier seen housewives led by Mary Jackson plunder stores due to severe food shortages. This city was also home to the Tredegar Iron Works.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>spy</b>ing [or <b>espionage</b>; or <b>intelligence</b> gathering]", "answer_primary": "{spy}ing", "clean_answers": [ "intelligence gathering", "espionage", "intelligence", "spy", "spying" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "In addition to Mollie Bean and the Bells, Fannie Battle and the Cuban-born Lorena Janeta Velázquez engaged in this activity during the Civil War. Rose O'Neal Greenhow engaged in this activity under the direction of Thomas Jordan.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>nursing</b> [or <b>nurse</b>s; prompt on medicine; do not accept \"doctors\"]", "answer_primary": "{nursing}", "clean_answers": [ "nurse", "nurses", "nursing" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The only female Confederate officer, Sally Louisa Tompkins, became known as the \"Angel of the Confederacy\" for her work in this field. Clara Barton and thousands of women worked in this field for the Union.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "the <b>blues</b> [or delta <b>blues</b>]", "answer_primary": "the {blues}", "clean_answers": [ "delta blues", "the blues", "blues" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this genre of American folk music performed by Robert Johnson, who recorded a variant of it named for the Mississippi delta.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Chicago</b>", "answer_primary": "{Chicago}", "clean_answers": [ "Chicago" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "In the 1950s, blues musicians like Muddy Waters and Howlin’ Wolf moved to this city. This city’s blues style was characterized by electric guitar and distortion.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Blind Lemon <b>Jefferson</b> [or Deacon L. J. <b>Bates</b>]", "answer_primary": "Blind Lemon {Jefferson}", "clean_answers": [ "Deacon L. J. Bates", "Blind Lemon Jefferson", "Jefferson", "Bates" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This blues guitarist with an unconventional first name sang high tenor vocals on songs like \"Black Snake Moan.\" After his success, he was allegedly gifted a car by his label, despite his physical ailment.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Thirty Tyrants</b> [or <b>Triakonta Tyrannoi</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Thirty Tyrants}", "clean_answers": [ "Triakonta Tyrannoi", "Thirty Tyrants" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this group that reestablished the 500-member \"boule\" council. This group reportedly hired up to 300 \"lash-bearers\" to instill fear during their eight-month reign.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Athens</b>", "answer_primary": "{Athens}", "clean_answers": [ "Athens" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The Thirty Tyrants ruled this city after it was defeated by its rival Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Nicias</b> (\"nye-SEE-us\") [or Peace of <b>Nicias</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Nicias}", "clean_answers": [ "Nicias", "Peace of Nicias" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The Peloponnesian War was briefly paused by a peace treaty named after this Athenian strategos. This politician opposed the aggressive policies of Alcibiades.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>credit card</b>s [do not accept \"debit card\"]", "answer_primary": "{credit card}s", "clean_answers": [ "credit cards", "credit card" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name these devices. Bank of America mailed 65,000 unsolicited working versions, not just applications, for these devices in the initial drop.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Diners Club</b> card", "answer_primary": "{Diners Club} card", "clean_answers": [ "Diners Club card", "Diners Club" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The BankAmericard differed from this earlier card by allowing deferred payments. The idea for this card was inspired by a forgotten wallet.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Visa</b> Inc. [or <b>Visa</b> card]", "answer_primary": "{Visa} Inc.", "clean_answers": [ "Visa card", "Visa Inc.", "Visa" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "BankAmericard merged with other cards to form this brand named after a travel document. This credit card brand is the largest globally, with more annual transactions than MasterCard.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>mystery</b> [or <b>mysterious</b>; or <b><i>Mystery</i></b><i> </i><i>Sonatas</i>; or <i>The </i><b><i>Mysterious</i></b><i> </i><i>Barricades</i>]", "answer_primary": "{mystery}", "clean_answers": [ "The Mysterious Barricades", "mysterious", "Mystery", "Mystery Sonatas", "mystery", "Mysterious" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this concept whose adjectival form titles a piece in rondeau form played in style brisé, the fifth in its composer's Ordre Sixième de clavecin.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>tuning</b> the instrument", "answer_primary": "{tuning} the instrument", "clean_answers": [ "tuning the instrument", "tuning" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The Mystery Sonatas of Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber makes use of scordatura, a technique that uses a nonstandard form of this practice. In an orchestra, the oboe plays an A for the orchestra to perform this process often to 440 Hertz.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "François <b>Couperin</b> (\"coop-RAN\") \"le Grande\"", "answer_primary": "François {Couperin} le Grande", "clean_answers": [ "Couperin", "François Couperin le Grande" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This Baroque composer wrote The Mysterious Barricades for harpsichord, as well as the musical treatise The Art of Playing the Harpsichord.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>trophic level</b> [or <b>trophic position</b>; or mean <b>trophic level</b>; prompt on level]", "answer_primary": "{trophic level}", "clean_answers": [ "trophic position", "mean trophic level", "trophic level" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this quantity that can be fractional in Pauly's model, or in that of Odum and Heald. The name for this quantity, which is about 2.2 for humans, was coined by Raymond Lindeman.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>fish</b> [or specific fish like <b>tuna</b>]", "answer_primary": "{fish}", "clean_answers": [ "fish", "tuna", "specific fish like tuna" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Pauly found that the mean trophic level of these organisms has declined over time. As a consequence of the 10 percent rule, dangerous levels of methylmercury can bioaccumulate in these organisms.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>predator</b>s", "answer_primary": "{predator}s", "clean_answers": [ "predators", "predator" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The 10 percent rule says that these organisms receive about 10 percent of the energy from the trophic level below them. These organisms, which can be carnivorous or omnivorous, consume other animals.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>California</b>", "answer_primary": "{California}", "clean_answers": [ "California" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "An author based in this state, Will Roscoe, received acclaim for The Zuni Man-Woman, his book about We'wha, a historical two-spirit Ihamana. The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta by John Rollin Ridge is set in this Western state.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Johnny <b>Appleseed</b> [or John <b>Chapman</b>]", "answer_primary": "Johnny {Appleseed}", "clean_answers": [ "Appleseed", "Chapman", "John Chapman", "Johnny Appleseed" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Two-spirit author Joshua Whitehead wrote a novel titled for this character, who becomes a cybersex worker before returning to the \"rez.\" Vachel Lindsay wrote poems about this folk hero who planted trees.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Maggie <b>Nelson</b>", "answer_primary": "Maggie {Nelson}", "clean_answers": [ "Maggie Nelson", "Nelson" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Billy-Ray Belcourt's novel A History of My Brief Body about two-spirit identity draws on the critical writings of this author of The Argonauts. She also wrote the collection Bluets.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>McDonaldization</b> [prompt on globalization]", "answer_primary": "{McDonaldization}", "clean_answers": [ "McDonaldization" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this process that causes sameness by entailing the spread of \"nothing\" over \"something.\"", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Max <b>Weber</b> (\"VAY-burr\") [Maximilian Karl Emil <b>Weber</b>]", "answer_primary": "Max {Weber}", "clean_answers": [ "Max Weber", "Maximilian Karl Emil Weber", "Weber" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "In writing The McDonaldization of Society, George Ritzer drew on this prior thinker's theory of rationalization. This thinker wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>scientific management</b>", "answer_primary": "{scientific management}", "clean_answers": [ "scientific management" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "McDonaldization reconceptualized this other two-word theory developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, which aims to improve worker efficiency.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>red dwarf</b>s [or <b>red dwarf</b> stars; or <b>M</b>-type <b>dwarf</b>s or <b>M dwarf</b>s; prompt on M stars; prompt on dwarf stars; prompt on red stars; prompt on main sequence stars]", "answer_primary": "{red dwarf}s", "clean_answers": [ "M-type dwarfs", "red dwarf stars", "M dwarf", "dwarf", "red dwarf", "red dwarfs", "M", "M dwarfs" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name these stars that may be orbited by tidally locked \"eyeball planets.\" Proxima Centauri is a member of this most common type of star in the universe.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>habitable</b> zone [or circumstellar <b>habitable</b> zone; or <b>Goldilocks</b> zone]", "answer_primary": "{habitable} zone", "clean_answers": [ "habitable", "Goldilocks", "circumstellar habitable zone", "habitable zone", "Goldilocks zone" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Earth-sized planets within this region of a red dwarf must be tidally locked, complicating life. This region is the zone around a star where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>TRAPPIST</b> [or the <b>Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope</b>; or <b>TRAPPIST-South</b>; or <b>TRAPPIST</b>-1]", "answer_primary": "{TRAPPIST}", "clean_answers": [ "TRAPPIST", "the Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope", "Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope", "TRAPPIST-South", "TRAPPIST-1" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The star that hosts the largest number of Earth-like exoplanets is a red dwarf named [this telescope]-1. This telescope located in Chile uses transit photometry to detect exoplanets.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Virgil</b> [or Publius <b>Vergilius</b> Maro]", "answer_primary": "{Virgil}", "clean_answers": [ "Vergilius", "Publius Vergilius Maro", "Virgil" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "This poet of the Aeneid dedicated the Georgics, a four-book poem about agriculture, to Maecenas.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b><i>Ode</i></b><i>s</i> by <b>Horace</b> [or <b><i>Carmina</i></b>; prompt on odes by asking \"Who wrote those odes?\"]", "answer_primary": "{Ode}s by {Horace}", "clean_answers": [ "Carmina", "Ode", "Odes by Horace", "Horace", "Ode Horace" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "One of these poems urges Maecenas to \"Forget the fastidiousness of riches\" and to \"stop being so amazed by the smoke... / of thriving Rome.\" Among these poems' recognizable lines are \"It's sweet and proper to die for one's country.\"", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Sextus <b>Propertius</b>", "answer_primary": "Sextus {Propertius}", "clean_answers": [ "Propertius", "Sextus Propertius" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Maecenas patronized this elegiac poet of the Monobiblos. In one of many poems about his stormy relationship with his lover Cynthia, this poet stated \"I'll go write / what your lifetime won't rub out / 'Cynthia, strong in beauty: / Cynthia light of word.'\"", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Kashmir</b> [prompt on Jammu and Kashmir; do not accept \"Jammu\"]", "answer_primary": "{Kashmir}", "clean_answers": [ "Kashmir" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this region whose history was chronicled in Kalhana's Rajatarangini. This region's Queen Kota Rani was deposed by Shah Mir.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>flood</b>s", "answer_primary": "{flood}s", "clean_answers": [ "flood", "floods" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "During her reign, Kota Rani built the Kutte Kol on the Jhelum River to prevent these natural disasters. The Indus Valley civilization also faced these disasters often caused by monsoons.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Akbar</b> the Great [or Jalaluddin Muhammad <b>Akbar</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Akbar} the Great", "clean_answers": [ "Akbar", "Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar", "Akbar the Great" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This Mughal emperor conquered Kashmir and ordered a translation of the Rajatarangini. This emperor's reign was recorded by his historian Abul Fazl.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Peter <b>Shaffer</b> [Peter Levin <b>Shaffer</b>] [The play is <i>Equus</i>.]", "answer_primary": "Peter {Shaffer}", "clean_answers": [ "Shaffer", "Peter Shaffer", "Peter Levin Shaffer] [The play is Equus." ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this author of a play in which Alan Strang blinds six horses after a failed sexual encounter with Jill Mason.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>composer</b> [prompt on musician]", "answer_primary": "{composer}", "clean_answers": [ "composer" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Equus was written by Peter Shaffer, whose play Amadeus tells of a semi-historical rivalry between Antonio Salieri and a fellow member of this profession.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<i>The </i><b><i>Royal Hunt of the Sun</i></b>", "answer_primary": "The {Royal Hunt of the Sun}", "clean_answers": [ "The Royal Hunt of the Sun", "Royal Hunt of the Sun" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "At the end of this Shaffer play, a man weeps over a corpse that does not reawaken the following morning. Old Martin narrates this play while looking back on his younger self.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Theobald von <b>Bethmann Hollweg</b> [Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von <b>Bethmann Hollweg</b>; prompt on partial answers]", "answer_primary": "Theobald von {Bethmann Hollweg}", "clean_answers": [ "Bethmann Hollweg", "Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg", "Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann Hollweg" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this Chancellor of Germany from 1909 to 1917. This man ill-fatedly claimed Belgian neutrality was upheld by a \"scrap of paper.\"", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>navy</b> [or Imperial German <b>Navy</b>; or Kaiserliche <b>Marine</b>]", "answer_primary": "{navy}", "clean_answers": [ "Kaiserliche Marine", "navy", "Navy", "Imperial German Navy", "Marine" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Bethmann Hollweg sought to limit German spending on this branch of its military. Its commander Alfred von Tirpitz began an arms race with the British to build more dreadnoughts.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Alsace–Lorraine</b> [prompt on partial answers]", "answer_primary": "{Alsace–Lorraine}", "clean_answers": [ "Alsace–Lorraine" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Bethmann Hollweg was censured while presiding over the Zabern Affair in this region. One and a half million residents of this region gained German citizenship under the Treaty of Frankfurt.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Henry</b>'s law", "answer_primary": "{Henry}'s law", "clean_answers": [ "Henry's law", "Henry" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this law which states that the partial pressure of a gas is proportional to its dissolved concentration. Raoult's law is a special case of this law.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>fugacity</b> (\"foo-GAS-ih-tee\") [prompt on f]", "answer_primary": "{fugacity}", "clean_answers": [ "fugacity" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Henry's law constant equals the limit as mole fraction goes to zero of the ratio of either pressure or this quantity to mole fraction. This quantity is the effective partial pressure of a non- ideal gas and has units of Pascals.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>infinite dilution</b> [prompt on diluted]", "answer_primary": "{infinite dilution}", "clean_answers": [ "infinite dilution" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Henry's law holds most precisely under this condition. In this idealized condition, solute concentration equals zero, since adding more solvent doesn't change its concentration.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Jacques Louis <b>David</b> (\"dah-VEED\")", "answer_primary": "Jacques Louis {David}", "clean_answers": [ "Jacques Louis David", "David" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this teacher of Marie-Denise Villers, whose legitimate works include Napoleon Crossing the Alps and The Death of Marat.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Madame <b>Récamier</b> (\"reh-kahm-YAY\") [or Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde <b>Récamier</b>; or Juliette <b>Récamier</b>; prompt on Juliette]", "answer_primary": "Madame {Récamier}", "clean_answers": [ "Juliette Récamier", "Madame Récamier", "Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde Récamier", "Récamier" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "A Magritte parody of Jacques Louis-David shows this figure replaced with a pink coffin. The only foreground objects in that David portrait of this person are a footstool and a candelabra.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<i>La </i><b><i>Grande Odalisque</i></b> [by Ingres]", "answer_primary": "La {Grande Odalisque}", "clean_answers": [ "La Grande Odalisque", "by Ingres", "Grande Odalisque" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "Madame Recamier's pose is copied in this Orientalist painting showing a concubine from behind. That woman in this painting holds a peacock fan while clinging to a blue curtain.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>Zimbabwe</b> [Republic of <b>Zimbabwe</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Zimbabwe}", "clean_answers": [ "Zimbabwe", "Republic of Zimbabwe" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this country. Rotten Row is the legal district in this country's capital Harare.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Marange</b> (\"mah-RAHN-gay\") diamond fields", "answer_primary": "{Marange} diamond fields", "clean_answers": [ "Marange diamond fields", "Marange" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "These diamond fields were found in the eastern portion of Zimbabwe in 2006 and quickly became one of the world's most productive sources of diamonds in terms of carats.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>soapstone</b> [or <b>steatite</b>; or <b>softrock</b>; prompt on stone]", "answer_primary": "{soapstone}", "clean_answers": [ "soapstone", "softrock", "steatite" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The ruins of Great Zimbabwe featured many birds carved from this substance, which were incorporated into the national flag.", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "Hebrew <b>Bible</b> [or <b>Tanakh</b>; or <b>Old Testament</b>]", "answer_primary": "Hebrew {Bible}", "clean_answers": [ "Hebrew Bible", "Old Testament", "Tanakh", "Bible" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Robert Alter's translation of what religious text is divided into volumes for the Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings?", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>va</b>v [or <b>wa</b>w; or <b>v</b> or <b>w</b> alone; or <b>v</b> or <b>w</b> followed by any vowel sound such as \"<b>vuh</b>\", \"<b>vei</b>\", \"<b>wah</b>\"; or <b>and</b>]", "answer_primary": "{va}v", "clean_answers": [ "va", "vav", "w vuh vei wah", "vuh", "vei", "and", "w alone", "v", "w", "wah", "waw", "wa" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "Hebrew or English term acceptable. Unlike most English translations, Alter's translation preserves the frequent use of this word at the beginning of clauses in Biblical Hebrew.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<b>Ecclesiastes</b> (\"ek-lee-zee-AA-steez\") [or <b>Kohelet</b>]", "answer_primary": "{Ecclesiastes}", "clean_answers": [ "Kohelet", "Ecclesiastes" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "In Alter's translation of this Biblical book, he translates \"hevel\" as \"breath\" instead of \"vanity\" in statements such as \"Vanity of vanities! All is vanity.\"", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b>linguistic turn</b>", "answer_primary": "{linguistic turn}", "clean_answers": [ "linguistic turn" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this event during which philosophy and the humanities shifted toward the connection between words and meaning and away from absolute idealism.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Ludwig <b>Wittgenstein</b>", "answer_primary": "Ludwig {Wittgenstein}", "clean_answers": [ "Ludwig Wittgenstein", "Wittgenstein" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "The linguistic turn can partly be traced back to this philosopher's Tractatus Logico- Philosophicus, which advocates a picture theory of language.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "\"<b>On Denoting</b>\"", "answer_primary": "{On Denoting}", "clean_answers": [ "On Denoting" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "This 1905 essay, a representative work of the linguistic turn, outlines a theory of definite descriptions. Part of this essay considers the truth of the statement, \"The present king of France is bald.\"", "value": 10 } ]

[ { "answer": "<b><i>Crimes of the Heart</i></b>", "answer_primary": "{Crimes of the Heart}", "clean_answers": [ "Crimes of the Heart" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 1, "part": "Name this play by Beth Henley set in Hazelhurst, Mississippi, in which the three Magrath sisters reconnect shortly after Hurricane Camille.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "<i>The </i><b><i>Little Foxes</i></b>", "answer_primary": "The {Little Foxes}", "clean_answers": [ "The Little Foxes", "Little Foxes" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 2, "part": "In this play by another author set in early twentieth-century Alabama, Regina Hubbard Giddens blackmails her brothers Benjamin and Oscar over some stolen railroad bonds to get majority ownership of a cotton mill.", "value": 10 }, { "answer": "Lillian <b>Hellman</b> [Lillian Florence <b>Hellman</b>]", "answer_primary": "Lillian {Hellman}", "clean_answers": [ "Hellman", "Lillian Hellman", "Lillian Florence Hellman" ], "difficulty_modifier": "", "explanation": "", "number": 3, "part": "The Little Foxes is by this Louisiana-born playwright, who also wrote The Children's Hour.", "value": 10 } ]