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acf-regs25-6-1 | This conflict was reportedly preceded by a massacre in one city that took place after the “Day of Eleusis” forced a ruler to withdraw from a rival’s territories. A leader of this conflict was honored as “one of the First Friends” by Alexander Balas during a succession rivalry. A text primarily about this conflict records Heliodorus reconciling with Onias after trying to plunder one site. John Hyrcanus’s accession concludes another deuterocanonical book about this conflict. Simon Thassi and his four brothers led one side in this conflict together with their father Mattathias. A king “built an idol altar upon God’s altar” and “slew swine upon it” in the lead-up to this anti-Seleucid conflict, according to Josephus. For 10 points, name this revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes’s Hellenizing impositions on the Jews. | Maccabean Revolt [accept revolt of the Maccabees or equivalents; accept Hasmonean revolt; accept the conflict between Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Judea or equivalents until “Antiochus” is read; prompt on descriptions of Jewish revolts until “Jews” is read; prompt on anti-Seleucid revolts until “Seleucid” is read] (According to 2 Maccabees, Antiochus IV massacred Jerusalem after the Romans forced his withdrawal from Egypt in the Sixth Syrian War. The second sentence refers to Jonathan Apphus during Alexander Balas’s rivalry with Demetrius I.) | Maccabean Revolt | [
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acf-regs25-6-2 | The Autobiografia sonnet sequence appears in a work titled for this collection whose final edition in 1947 included over 400 poems; that collection with this title catalogues the life’s work of Triestine poet Umberto Saba. The speaker of this collection sees a hind caught by dogs and a foundering ship among six visions outside a window in a poem that puns on his lover’s name and a kind of tree. This collection is traditionally divided into poems “in life” and “in death.” The 366th and final poem in this collection is a “Prayer to the Virgin.” Thomas Wyatt produced the first English translation of this collection, which opens by addressing “you who hear the sound in scattered rhymes.” For 10 points, the poet professes love for Laura in what collection by Petrarch? | Il Canzoniere (“eel kant-zone-YAY-ray”) [or The Songbook; accept Rerum vulgarium fragmenta; accept Rime Sparse; accept Scattered Rhymes until “scattered” is read] | Il Canzoniere | [
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acf-regs25-6-3 | An artist from this country had people use a microphone for one minute in the piece Tatlin’s Whisper and made a “Tribute” to another artist from this country that involved pressing her blood-soaked arms on a wall. An artist from this country aimed to be a “Trojan horse” with a painting of elongated figures with large feet and crescent-shaped, mask-like faces. An artist born in this country made “earth-body” works like her Silueta series and may have been killed by her husband Carl Andre. This is the country of birth of both the painter of The Jungle, Wifredo Lam, and Ana Mendieta. A photographer from this country, Alberto Korda, shot a 1960 photo of an émigré to this country that is popular on T-shirts. For 10 points, name this country where the image Guerrillero Heroico depicts Che Guevara. | Cuba [or Republic of Cuba; or República de Cuba] (The artist in the first sentence is Tania Bruguera.) | Cuba | [
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acf-regs25-6-4 | Residents refused to assist people in this event a year after the Bible Riots killed over 20 people in Southwark. After leading an uprising during this event, Thomas Meagher worked as a journalist and joined the “Fighting 69th.” As part of this event, New York City, Kingston, and Grosse Isle were impacted by a typhus epidemic. People who relocated during this event were targeted by the Order of the Star Spangled Banner. Quinnipiac University hosts a museum dedicated to this event that outlines a 170-dollar donation by the Choctaw. Vessels called long cónra, or coffin ships, brought people impacted by this event to cities such as Boston. For 10 points, name this event that impacted the US economy in the 1840s after millions faced mass starvation from the blight of a staple crop. | Irish potato famine [or Great Irish Famine; or Great Famine; or An Gorta Mor; prompt on Great Hunger] | Irish potato famine | [
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acf-regs25-6-5 | A poem that draws on a text from this religion asks, “how am I theirs / if they cannot hold me / but I hold them?” at the end of an “Earth-Song.” A figure from this religion titles a poem that describes “the subtle ways / I keep, and pass, and turn again” and claims “I am the doubter and the doubt.” A book’s narrator notes, “in the morning I bathe my intellect” in a text from this religion in the chapter “The Pond in Winter.” A concept from this religion informed the author’s conception of unity in the essay “The Over-Soul.” A term referencing this religion’s culture was coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. to describe families like the Lowells and the Cabots. For 10 points, the Transcendentalists were influenced by what Eastern religion whose society inspired the term “Boston Brahmin”? | Hinduism [accept Vaishnavism; accept Hindu caste system] (The first two poems are “Hamatreya” and “Brahma,” both by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The book is Walden.) | Hinduism | [
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acf-regs25-6-6 | The delivery of a type of these things can be postponed via a “wild card option,” which gives parties a few extra hours. Between 1877 and 1930 in the US, consols were examples of the “perpetual” type of these things. TIPS are an inflation-indexed example of these things, adjusted based on the CPI. Using an overlapping-generation model, Robert Barro determined these things should not be perceived as net wealth. Interest payments received by holders of these assets are called coupons. To increase liquidity, central banks purchase long-term examples of these assets in quantitative easing. Series EE and Series I types of these assets are issued by the Treasury. For 10 points, what securities issued by the government are often considered less risky than stocks? | government bonds [or Treasury bonds; or T-bonds; prompt on government securities until read; prompt on Treasury securities until read; prompt on Treasury bills] | government bonds | [
"T-bonds",
"Treasury bonds",
"bond",
"government bonds"
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acf-regs25-6-7 | Assays for measuring the activity of this compound based on BRET and FRET methods include CAMYEL and FlCRhR. By forcing one enzyme to bind to calmodulin, a virulence factor produced by members of the genus Bordetella increases levels of this compound. The enzyme that produces this compound can be stimulated using Forskolin, and is activated by the A subunit of cholera toxin, which increases intracellular levels of this compound by over 100-fold. Low glucose levels cause this molecule to allosterically bind to CRP as part of a positive regulation mechanism. Phosphodiesterases most commonly act on this compound, which is necessary for the activity of protein kinase A. For 10 points, name this secondary messenger molecule made from ATP by adenylyl cyclase. | cyclic AMP [or cAMP; or cyclic adenosine monophosphate; prompt on AMP] | cyclic AMP | [
"cyclic AMP",
"cyclic adenosine monophosphate",
"cAMP"
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acf-regs25-6-8 | A C major sonata for this instrument is among the best-known works of Georgian composer Otar Taktakishvili. The Andante Pastoral et Scherzettino is an early method piece for this instrument, for which Carl Reinecke wrote his Sonata Undine. Four pickup thirty-second notes begin the allegretto malincolico first movement of an E minor sonata for this instrument by Francis Poulenc. Georges Barrère’s premiere of one of these instruments made from a platinum alloy inspired the title of Edgard Varèse’s Density 21.5. A lost golden one of these instruments was found by the virtuoso Jean-Pierre Rampal, who briefly taught this instrument to James Galway. For 10 points, name this transverse woodwind instrument whose smaller cousin is the piccolo. | flute [or transverse flute] | flute | [
"flute",
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acf-regs25-6-9 | A computational extension of a theory whose name begins with this term relaxes the “strong orthogonality condition” from Coulson–Fischer theory. An initial assumption in a theory whose name begins with this term that precluded the “charge-shift” family led to the failure to explain the antiaromaticity of cyclobutadiene. That theory whose name begins with this term arose from Walter Heitler and Fritz London’s solution to the Schrödinger equation for diatomic hydrogen, which was then expanded upon in a 1939 textbook by Linus Pauling. The AXE method is used in a formalism beginning with this term that assigns labels such as “T-shaped” and “seesaw.” For 10 points, molecular geometries are described using the “electron pair repulsion” of what outermost electrons in an atom? | valence [accept valence electrons or valence shell electron pair repulsion or valence bond theory; prompt on VSEPR] | valence | [
"valence",
"valence shell electron pair repulsion",
"valence bond theory",
"valence electrons"
] | [
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0,
144
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145,
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acf-regs25-6-10 | The “reliance” of a person performing this type of action titles an influential fiqh manual by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri. People performing this type of action are allowed to do wudu without removing a certain article of clothing for three days and nights. The final asnaf, or category of person eligible to receive zakat, are people performing this type of action, ibn al-sabeel. The second month of the Islamic calendar is named for this type of action, during which many people perform this action for Arba’in. By the practice of qasr, Muslims are allowed to shorten their prayers while performing this type of action, known as safar in Arabic. A form of this action that can be taken at any time of the year is known as umrah. For 10 points, Muslims are obligated to perform what action to reach Mecca as part of the hajj? | traveling [or synonyms such as journeying, moving, or migrating; accept pilgrimage; accept specific methods of travel like flying or camel-riding; accept going to Mecca or hajj until read; accept safar until read] (The first line refers to the Reliance of the Traveller. The article of clothing Muslims are allowed to keep on while performing wudu while traveling are their socks.) | traveling | [
"pilgrimage",
"journey moving",
"fly",
"travel",
"camel-riding",
"synonyms such as journeying, moving,",
"hajj",
"migrating",
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"moving",
"traveling",
"going",
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"specific methods of travel like flying",
"journey",
"safar until read",
"hajj until read"
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acf-regs25-6-11 | A doctor working for this institution recommended the boiling of a mixture called “rob” after a 1747 experiment with treatments like vitriol and vinegar. The writer Dava Sobel revived the spurious connection of a 1707 disaster for this institution to the creation of a prize-giving board that tested the work of John Harrison. The doctor James Lind pioneered clinical trials while working for this institution, which ran tests of the H4 clock designed to solve the longitude problem. Scientists accompanying this institution’s observation of the transit of Venus coined the name of Botany Bay. This institution undermined its own members by switching to West Indian limes, which lacked enough vitamin C to prevent scurvy. For 10 points, name this institution that brought botanists on the voyages of James Cook. | Royal Navy [or British Navy; accept English Navy; prompt on navy by asking “of what country?”; prompt on Royal Society by asking “what other institution was the Royal Society working with?”] | Royal Navy | [
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acf-regs25-6-12 | An essay by one of these thinkers pairs the other with Coleridge as the “seminal minds” of their age. A claim made by one of these thinkers is the subject of a “proof” by the other based on an analogy between being “visible” and “desirable,” which G. E. Moore cited as a case of the naturalistic fallacy. One of these thinkers was quoted by the other as calling poetry no better than the game push-pin and led the Philosophical Radicals with the other’s father James. These are the two thinkers most discussed as exemplars of a view contrasted with intuitionism and egoism in Henry Sidgwick’s The Methods of Ethics. These thinkers differed on whether there are higher and lower pleasures in their versions of the greatest happiness principle. For 10 points, Panopticon and On Liberty are respectively by what two founders of utilitarianism? | Jeremy Bentham AND John Stuart Mill [accept J. S. Mill in place of “John Stuart Mill”] | Jeremy Bentham AND John Stuart Mill | [
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acf-regs25-6-13 | During this decade, one leader delivered a speech in Johannesburg controversially comparing an agreement to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. In this decade, Dan Shomron signed a protocol named for the city of Hebron, where the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre occurred earlier in this decade. An intelligence agent codenamed “Champagne” allegedly had prior knowledge of an event in this decade perpetrated by Yigal Amir. The end of the First Intifada is generally dated to one of two events in this decade: the Madrid Conference, or an agreement that divided a region into Areas A, B, and C. This decade saw the signing of the Wye River memorandum and an agreement with Yasser Arafat that led to the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin. For 10 points, name this decade in which the Oslo Accords were signed. | 1990s [prompt on ’90s] (The first line refers to Yasser Arafat’s Johannesburg address.) | 1990s | [
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acf-regs25-6-14 | Chains of these devices are used as multiplexers and demultiplexers in WDM systems. In one type of these devices, the quantity “pi times the square root of R all over one minus R” defines the finesse. Gyroscopes such as RLGs and FOGs are examples of these devices that operate using the Sagnac effect. A type of these devices called an etalon consisting of a cavity that filters out waves not in resonance is named for Fabry and Pérot. One of these optical devices consisting of a stone slab in a pool of mercury failed to detect a 0.04 fringe shift induced by the Earth’s motion. For 10 points, name these devices that split a beam of light and later recombine them to form patterns, which include one used to disprove the luminiferous aether in the Michelson–Morley experiment. | interferometers [accept interferometry; accept Michelson interferometers or Fabry–Pérot interferometers] | interferometers | [
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acf-regs25-6-15 | Edmund Waller’s poem “On a Girdle” invokes this thing in its final line after asking “Give me but what this ribbon bound.” A poem titled for this thing says “She’s all states, and all princes, I, / Nothing else is. / Princes do but play us; compared to this.” This physical thing is the focal object of the entire second stanza of “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time.” This thing is asked to go chide “Late school boys and sour prentices” in a John Donne aubade titled for it. The final lines of “To His Coy Mistress” state that though a pair cannot make this thing “Stand still,” they can make it “run.” A sonnet whose first line ends with the word for this thing later states “If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun.” For 10 points, Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 says that a “mistress’ eyes are nothing like” what object? | Sun [accept “The Sun Rising” or “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun”; accept sunbeams or sunlight; prompt on world by asking “what word is specifically used in that poem?”] (“To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” is by Robert Herrick.) | Sun | [
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acf-regs25-6-16 | It’s not Macon, Georgia, but this city’s Cannonball House is located across from the Esplanade that hosts its Military Tattoo. This city’s Gilded Balloon, Underbelly, Pleasance, and Assembly make up its “Big Four” venues. In this city, local stone was used to build the Canongate Wall of a government building designed to mirror an extinct volcano called Arthur’s Seat. Heavy investment has gentrified this city’s port area of Leith. The world’s largest performing arts festival is this city’s Festival Fringe. This city’s castle is at one end of the Royal Mile, which ends in the east at Holyrood Palace. This city is connected to the county of Fife by the world’s second-longest cantilever bridge. For 10 points, what largest city on the Firth of Forth is the capital of Scotland? | Edinburgh (“ED-in-bur-uh”) [or Dùn Èideann] | Edinburgh | [
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acf-regs25-6-17 | The sage Bhringi performs this action to avoid Parvati while circumambulating around Shiva, causing him to be cursed with weakness until Shiva gives him a third leg. During the Kurukshetra War, Krishna performs this action to provide Arjuna’s son Aravan with the last of three promised boons. Bhishma laid down his weapons because he refused to fight a warrior who underwent this action named Shikhandi. While stealing the elixir of life from the asuras, Vishnu performs this action to become the avatar Mohini. In Greek myth, one instance of this action occurs when a pair of copulating snakes is interrupted by a blind prophet. For 10 points, name this transformation undergone by Tiresias, as well as a son of Hermes and Aphrodite named Hermaphroditus. | sex change [or gender transition; accept becoming female or becoming male; accept not conforming to gender roles or being intersex or otherwise existing outside the gender binary; prompt on turning into an animal until “Krishna” is read by asking “what other physical change was made?”; prompt on reincarnation by asking “what physical change accompanied that action?”] | sex change | [
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acf-regs25-6-18 | This film’s director gave its composer only the words “festival” and “requiem” as ideas for its soundtrack, which heavily features the percussion of a jegog troupe. A boy watches a tiny toy car, a rabbit, and a bear slowly climb on his pillow in a scary scene from this film, whose production resulted in the “creation” of 50 new colors. This film’s title card appears in blood red over a shot of a massive crater after an explosion. Films like Nope have recreated a shot from this film in which the protagonist’s motorcycle slides away from the camera. A teenager who wears a red jacket with a pill design tries to rescue his friend from the military in 2019 in this 1988 film by Katsuhiro Otomo. For 10 points, the telekinetic Tetsuo wreaks havoc in “Neo-Tokyo” in what cyberpunk anime film? | Akira (The jegog troupe is Geinoh Yamashirogumi.) | Akira | [
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acf-regs25-6-19 | It’s not string-related, but an optimization of this task is given by the “method of four Russians.” Cache-aware algorithms that perform this task may use “tiled” layouts of size equal to the square root of the cache size. In 2024, Virginia Vassilevska Williams’s team developed an algorithm for this task that marginally improved a bound previously established by her and Alman. The search targets of Deepmind’s AlphaTensor system are efficient algorithms for this task, which seek to improve upon a divide-and-conquer algorithm for this task that creates seven subproblems instead of an expected eight and was developed by Strassen. This task is equivalent to composing two linear transformations. For 10 points, name this non-commutative operation that determines grid entries by taking inner products of rows and columns. | matrix multiplication [accept descriptions of multiplying matrices; reject “multiplication” or “scalar multiplication”] | matrix multiplication | [
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acf-regs25-6-20 | In a novel from this country, a writer first encounters the lost novel The Labyrinth of Inhumanity after sleeping with an older acclaimed author he calls the “Spider-Mother.” That novel from this country was influenced by Roberto Bolaño, draws from the Yambo Ouologuem plagiarism scandal, and is titled The Most Secret Memory of Men. In a novel from this country, a woman undergoes forty days of solitude after her polygamous husband Modou dies from a heart attack. An author from this country wrote an epistolary novel in which Ramatoulaye writes to her friend Aissatou after becoming widowed; that novel is So Long a Letter. In 1960, the Négritude poet of “Black Woman” became this country’s first president. For 10 points, name this home country of Mohamed Mbougar Sarr, Mariama Bâ, and Leopold Senghor. | Senegal [or Republic of Senegal; or République du Sénégal; or Réewum Senegaal; or Ndenndaandi Senegaal] | Senegal | [
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acf-regs25-7-1 | A “covenant” named for this battle is supposedly followed by nationalist groups like the Oathkeepers. Some accounts of this battle, like that of Mavro Orbini, claim that the noble Vuk traitorously fled from the right flank. According to some accounts of this battle, a knight rode up to an opposing ruler and asked to kiss his hand or feet before killing him with a hidden dagger. In works like The Mountain Wreath, 19th-century nationalists embraced a “myth” about this battle, which is commemorated on the holiday Vidovdan. This battle is considered inconclusive despite the death of Prince Lazar, one of the successors of Stefan Dušan. After his father died at this battle, Bayezid the Thunderbolt ascended to the throne. For 10 points, name this 1389 battle between Serbian forces and Murad I’s Ottoman army. | Battle of Kosovo [or Battle of Kosovo Field; accept Battle of Kosovës or Battle of Kosovo polje; accept Battle of the Field of Blackbirds] | Battle of Kosovo | [
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acf-regs25-7-2 | Oshunmare, an orisha of these phenomena, is often equated with a goddess of them accompanied by the first two humans, Adanhu and Yewa. To keep the world from collapsing, Nana-Buluku tasks a group of red monkeys to constantly feed iron to a deity of these phenomena. A goddess of these phenomena is given offerings of white-colored food, is married to the sky loa Damballa, and is named Ayida-Weddo. The Wawalag sisters are swallowed by a god of these phenomena after it smells their menstrual blood. Yurlunggur and Wolunka are names for that creature associated with these phenomena, who created landmarks like Uluru while moving through songlines during the Dreamtime. For 10 points, name this phenomenon represented in Aboriginal myth by a namesake serpent. | rainbows [accept Rainbow Serpent] | rainbows | [
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acf-regs25-7-3 | This artist dug a trench into the ground to lower his painting of a man and three women in white dresses, the latter all modeled on his wife. Swirls of white and grey surround a face with closed eyes in this artist’s painting of his wife on her deathbed. This artist’s half-turned wife wears a billowing white dress and holds the title object alongside her son in a field in his Woman with a Parasol. This artist married his patron’s widow Alice Hoschedé after the death of his muse Camille Doncieux, whom he painted wearing a red kimono. Georges Clemenceau urged this artist to get surgery for his cataracts, which impacted a series that makes up two rooms of the Musée de l’Orangerie and includes this artist’s Japanese footbridge. For 10 points, while in Giverny, what artist painted his pond’s water lilies? | Claude Monet [or Oscar-Claude Monet] | Claude Monet | [
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acf-regs25-7-4 | Olwyn, the sister-in-law of a woman born to this family, described a “myth” of this family perpetuated by the epistle collection Letters Home. A poem recalls a woman in this family helping her children sing, “Thor is angry; boom boom boom!” during a hurricane. A poem addressed to a man from this family is titled for a god created via Ouija board and describes him as “pithy and historical as the Roman Forum.” A member of this family is told, “no frown of mine / will betray the company I keep” in a poem inspired by a Giorgio de Chirico painting, “The Disquieting Muses.” The speaker tells a man in this family, “I thought every German was you” in a poem that imagines him as “a man in black with a Meinkampf look.” For 10 points, what family’s patriarch Otto titles his daughter’s poem “Daddy”? | Plath family [or the Plaths; accept family of Sylvia Plath] (The poem in the third sentence is “The Colossus.”) | Plath family | [
"Plath family",
"family of Sylvia Plath",
"the Plaths",
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acf-regs25-7-5 | Observation of the formation of these phenomena is the general goal of nondestructive testing of ferrous compounds using MPI. In quasi-static conditions, the power dissipation due to these phenomena is inversely proportional to a constant that is 1 for a sheet and 2 for a wire. Waste sorting at recycling facilities use these phenomena to separate metallic materials. In transformers, power loss caused by these phenomena can be minimized using laminated conductors and ferrite cores. Generation of these phenomena is used in braking systems often employed by roller coasters. These phenomena form due to a magnetic response as a consequence of Lenz’s law. For 10 points, what phenomena consist of electric charges moving in closed loops during induction, named for their resemblance to whirlpools? | eddy currents [or eddies or Foucault’s current; prompt on currents; prompt on electromagnetic induction until read; prompt on magnetism or magnetic fields until “magnetic” is read] | eddy currents | [
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acf-regs25-7-6 | A group of “Slim shadows” in this poem who “trod a saraband” also appear as “damned grotesques [making] arabesques, / Like wind upon the sand” when seen with their “mop and mow.” The question “How else but through a broken heart / May Lord Christ enter in?” appears in this poem, which begins: “He did not wear his scarlet coat, / For blood and wine are red.” The pseudonym C.3.3. was used to publish this six-part poem in sestets, which describes the hanging of a figure who “walked amongst the Trial Men / in a suit of shabby gray.” The claims that “the coward does it with a kiss” and “the brave man with a sword” appear in this poem after the refrain “each man kills the thing he loves.” For 10 points, name this poem written by Oscar Wilde after his release from the title prison. | “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” (“RED-ing jail”) | “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” | [
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acf-regs25-7-7 | Plutarch preserves Plato’s supposed claim that God “continually” practices this discipline, which is often cited to link Plato to this discipline’s “sacred” form. Socrates discusses knowledge with the title student of this discipline in the Theaetetus. Legendarily, an inscription above the Academy warned, “Let no one ignorant of [this discipline] enter here.” The Timaeus links each of the classical elements to an object studied in this discipline. Socrates uses a problem in this discipline to explain his idea of inborn knowledge, or anamnesis, to a slave in the Meno. A philosopher best known for naming a statement in this discipline led a vegetarian commune and was from Samos. For 10 points, Plato names five regular, convex polyhedra studied in what mathematical discipline? | geometry [accept sacred geometry; prompt on mathematics or maths] (The philosopher in the penultimate sentence is Pythagoras.) | geometry | [
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acf-regs25-7-8 | This city’s founder had 17 children with his wife, Josette Vieau, and had followers point a cannon at Byron Kilbourn in an 1845 “Bridge War.” This non-Alaskan city was originally named Juneautown after Solomon Juneau, who developed it with Morgan L. Martin. Businessmen like Jacob Best and Herman Reutelschofer pioneered an industry in this city whose late-19th-century businesses included Cream City and Blatz. Many “forty-eighters” who settled in this city supported the candidacies of Emil Seidel and Victor L. Berger. An industry that flourished under the leadership of German-American immigrants to this city was led by Frederick Miller and Frederick Pabst. For 10 points, what city known for its beer production is the largest city in Wisconsin? | Milwaukee | Milwaukee | [
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acf-regs25-7-9 | Religious members of this ethnic group undergo a baptism-like ceremony with waters from the “White Spring” at the age of 10; that ceremony is mor kirin. The Saranjam is a key work in a religion primarily followed by this ethnic group founded by the fourth of the “seven persons,” Sultan Sahak. A three-stringed lute symbolizes that faith primarily practiced by this ethnic group, Yarsanism. A religion founded by this ethnic group believes that the universe emerged from a cosmic pearl, a story recorded in their qewl hymns. That religion of this ethnic group performs the “Feast of the Assembly” pilgrimage to Lalish to commemorate Sheikh Adi. This ethnic group’s belief in the “Peacock Angel” Tawûsî Melek was called “devil worship” by extremists, triggering a 2010s genocide. For 10 points, name this ethnic group of most Yazidis in Iraq. | Kurds [or Kurdish people; accept Yazidis or Yezidis or Ezidis or Yazidism until read] | Kurds | [
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"Yazidi",
"Ezidi",
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"Yazidis",
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acf-regs25-7-10 | Dmitri Shostakovich’s reorchestration of a cello concerto in this key added piccolos to its first movement and a harp to its second. The second movement Romanze of a piano concerto in this key is a solo cello and piano duet, which may have inspired the cello solo in Brahms’s B-flat major second piano concerto. An Allegro affettuoso movement of a concerto in this key opens with a descending series of chords followed by a motif spelling out the name of the composer’s wife. A later concerto in this key imitates halling dance in its finale and opens with a timpani roll that builds into this key’s tonic chord. Robert Schumann’s piano concerto in this key inspired one in the same key by Edvard Grieg. For 10 points, name this minor key that contains no sharps or flats. | A minor [reject “A” until “minor” is read and accept afterwards] | A minor | [
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acf-regs25-7-11 | Manganese-containing structures based on this mineral can exhibit “colossal magnetoresistance.” The bismuth and oxygen Aurivillius phase of this mineral exhibits ferroelectricity and is a candidate for low-temperature co-fired ceramics. Strontium titanate was part of the first series of a phase of this mineral named for Ruddlesden and Popper. High-temperature superconductors like YBCO have structures named for this mineral. Metal halides with structures named for this mineral are commonly used in solar cells. The D-double-prime layer is characterized by high-pressure magnesium silicate called the “post” form of this mineral. This mineral names a structure for compounds of the form ABX3. For 10 points, what mineral consisting of calcium titanium oxide is named for a Russian mineralogist? | perovskite [accept post-perovskite; accept perovskite solar cells; prompt on PSCs] | perovskite | [
"post-perovskite",
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acf-regs25-7-12 | In August 2021, protesters planted teepees on this politician’s lawn and chained themselves to this politician’s fence; that environmentalist protest was part of the Stop Line 3 Campaign that criticized this politician’s withdrawal of an appeal against the project. This politician recorded a cell phone video giving a pro tip about changing a burnt-out headlight harness on a Ford Focus. This politician admitted “I’m a knucklehead” after falsely claiming to have been in Hong Kong during the Tiananmen Square protests. In 2023, this politician signed a bill providing universal free school breakfast and lunch. This politician went viral for a rant saying “these guys are weird” in an appearance discussing Republicans on MSNBC. For 10 points, name this governor of Minnesota. | Tim Walz [or Timothy James Walz] | Tim Walz | [
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acf-regs25-7-13 | An author with this surname began his series The Great War of White Men with a satire about an escaped POW pretending to be a deserter, The Case of Sergeant Grischa. Another author with this surname wrote a novel in which the title woman is discovered not to be the aristocrat “Christiana van Boolen,” leading her to plan a robbery with the veteran Ferdinand. That author with this surname committed suicide in Brazil the day after he finished a memoir reflecting on Hitler’s rise to power, The World of Yesterday. In a novella by an author with this surname, imprisonment by the Gestapo leads Dr. B to split his personality into “White” and “Black” in order to play chess against himself. For 10 points, The Royal Game is by an Austrian author with what surname and the first name Stefan? | Zweig [accept Stefan Zweig or Arnold Zweig] (The second sentence refers to The Post Office Girl by Stefan Zweig.) | Zweig | [
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acf-regs25-7-14 | An epigram states that a statue of a real-life ruler who was partially named for this deity “received the spouse in silence so that the fair Sabina might come back again.” The foreign princess Tadukhipa was sent to marry a ruler named for this deity, who reciprocated with wooden statues instead of gold. A “singing” statue known as the Colossus of Memnon depicts a ruler named for this deity. A body known as the “Elder Lady” in the tomb of a ruler named for this deity belonged to his Great Royal Wife, Tiye. This deity provides the original name of an Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh who later changed it, moved his capital to Amarna, and venerated the god Aten. For 10 points, Tutankhaten changed his name to refer to what Egyptian god fused with Ra at his precinct in Karnak? | Amun [or Ammon or Amana or Amen or jmn or Hammon; accept Amun-Re or Amun-Ra; accept Amenhotep or Amenophis; accept Tutankhamun; prompt on Memnon until read by asking “what deity provided the name of the real-life ruler depicted?”; reject “Aten”; reject “Ra”] (The first line refers to an epigram by Julia Balbilla about one of the Colossi of Memnon, which depict Amenhotep III; Sabina is Vibia Sabina, Hadrian’s wife.) | Amun | [
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acf-regs25-7-15 | A variation of this quantity is ideally maximized and minimized for “plug flow” and “continuous flow stirred tank” reactor configurations. Along with turnover frequency, reactor performance is often measured using the “space-time” form of this quantity. Exothermic reactors operate at a temperature that balances the tradeoff between rate and this quantity. For batch reactors, this quantity equals the product of conversion and selectivity. Green chemists use a variation of this quantity that accounts for byproducts called “atom economy.” In organic chemistry labs, failing to vaporize any remaining solvent can make measurements of this quantity exceed 100 percent. For 10 points, name this quantity that describes how much of a reactant was converted into product. | chemical yield [or reaction yield; accept percent yield or theoretical yield or actual yield; accept space-time yield; prompt on atom economy until read] | chemical yield | [
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acf-regs25-7-16 | In an experiment testing this faculty, the anterior cingulate cortex’s activation led to a Gratton effect. Fish facing either left or right are featured in a test of a form of this faculty by Barbara and Charles Eriksen. It’s not hearing, but Colin Cherry defined an effect of this faculty by conducting dichotic listening experiments. Changes in this faculty can result in an orientation mechanism called “inhibition of return.” According to theories by Broadbent and Treisman, a variant of this faculty results from a “bottleneck filter.” The “selective” form of this faculty is the subject of the cocktail party effect. A video that tests this faculty depicts people passing basketballs as a gorilla walks between them. For 10 points, name this faculty that names a common deficit disorder abbreviated ADHD. | attention [accept attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; accept selective attention; prompt on ADD or ADHD until “ADHD” is read by asking “what faculty is impaired in that disorder?”] | attention | [
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acf-regs25-7-17 | Douglas J. Penick’s retelling The Oceans of Cruelty loosely translates a story cycle from this country whose frame story involves a “corpse-spirit.” In a story written in this modern-day country, a crab snaps the neck of a heron when he realizes the bird has been eating his fish friends instead of transporting them to a new pond. A collection written in this modern-day country includes a frame story about educating three dim-witted princes and is titled for its five-part structure. That collection of 2nd-century BCE animal fables from this country includes a tale that inspired a 19th-century story in which the title mongoose defends an English family from two cobras. For 10 points, what modern-day country is the setting of the Panchatantra and Rudyard Kipling’s story “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi”? | India [or Bhārat; or Republic of India; or Bhārat Gaṇarājya; or Hindustan] (The collection in the first clue is the Vetala Panchavimshati, which are commonly known as the tales of Vikram and Betal.) | India | [
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acf-regs25-7-18 | A player of this instrument scat-sang while smiling on “Major’s Medley,” his take on Slim Gaillard’s song “Laughing in Rhythm.” Israel Crosby played this instrument for Ahmad Jamal’s band on his version of “But Not For Me.” The drummer Dannie Richmond backed up a player of this instrument on songs like “Jelly Roll” and “Boogie Stop Shuffle.” A player of this instrument wrote the gospel-style song “Better Git It In Your Soul” for an album whose title riffs on Latin declensions. This instrument was played on over 2,000 recording sessions by Ron Carter. A player of this instrument wrote the protest song “Fables of Faubus” and a tribute to the headwear of Lester Young. For 10 points, name this instrument played by the composer of “Goodbye Pork Pie Hat,” Charles Mingus. | upright bass [or double bass; reject “bass guitar”] (“Major’s Medley” is by Major Holley.) | upright bass | [
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acf-regs25-7-19 | A “Record” of this good was written by the creator of a “dragon tribute” type of it, the famous calligrapher Cai Xiang. A network of trade routes known as the “Southern Silk Road” was named for horses and this good. Emperor Huizong of Song wrote an influential “Grand Treatise” on this good, in which he laid out criteria for “competitions” focused on this good. The Rinzai monk Eisai is said to have introduced this good to Japan from China, whose ritualized preparation of it is known as gongfu. Lu Tingcan wrote a “sequel” to a “Classic” about this good by Lu Yu, which details its mythical discovery by Shennong after looking into his pot of water. For 10 points, in China and Japan, what drink is presented in elaborate namesake ceremonies? | tea [or chá or ocha; accept tea culture; accept tea ceremonies; accept The Classic of Tea or Chájing; accept Grand Treatise on Tea or Dàguān Chá Lùn; accept the Tea Horse Road or Chámadao; accept The Record of Tea or Chá Lù] | tea | [
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"tea culture",
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"Chájing",
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acf-regs25-7-20 | SAR405 regulates this process by inhibiting Vps34, which activates a protein complex containing MLST8 and PRAS40. HSC70 initiates one form of this process by binding to proteins with a KFERQ motif and directing them to a LAMP2A multimeric complex. That chaperone-mediated form of this process is important for regulating cells under mechanical stress like muscle cells. By phosphorylating ULK1, mTOR downregulates this process. A study of this process earned Yoshinori Ohsumi a Nobel Prize in 2016. In yeast, this process is regulated by ATG proteins, and may be induced via starvation. During this process, large vesicles bind to lysosomes, whose hydrolytic enzymes break down defective proteins and organelles. For 10 points, name this process in which a cell digests its own components. | autophagy [or autophagocytosis; reject “phagocytosis”] | autophagy | [
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acf-regs25-8-1 | A character from this book is shown in front of a nude figure pointing left and straddling a figure emerging from the sea in two entries of a series commissioned by Thomas Butts. A large triptych from the 1850s inspired by this book includes The Plains of Heaven and was the last major work by John Martin. The title figure holds a lightning bolt amid raised swords in the last of three versions of a painting based on this book by Benjamin West. This book inspired William Blake’s painting The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun. A painting inspired by this book depicts an elongated man in blue raising his hands to the cloudy sky; that El Greco painting is The Opening of the Fifth Seal. For 10 points, what biblical book inspired Albrecht Dürer’s The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse? | Book of Revelation [prompt on Bible or New Testament; reject “Revelations” or “Book of Revelations”] (Benjamin West’s painting is Death on a Pale Horse.) | Book of Revelation | [
"Book of Revelation",
"Revelation"
] | Benjamin West’s painting is Death on a Pale Horse. | [
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acf-regs25-8-2 | David Lewin showed that the T/I group is dual to a dihedral group acting on these objects whose three generators form orbits of size 2, 6, 8, and 24. Secondary operations like the Slide and Nebendverwandt act on these objects and can be written as products of P, R, and L. Leonhard Euler visualized transformations on these objects with a hexagonal lattice diagram known as the Tonnetz that is studied in Neo-Riemannian theory. A functional analysis of these objects developed during the common practice period. These objects’ “quality” may be indicated with superscript symbols like a triangle or slashed circle. Inversion changes the voicings of these objects, whose “progressions” are studied in harmony. For 10 points, name these sets of three or more simultaneous notes that come in “major” and “minor” forms. | chords [accept triads or sevenths or seventh chords; prompt on harmony until read] | chords | [
"triad",
"seventh chords",
"chord",
"chords",
"triads",
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acf-regs25-8-3 | Mutations in BLM proteins involved in fixing the start of this process can lead to Bloom’s syndrome. During this process, one type of structure is produced in either “short” or “long” pathways depending on FEN1 activity. CDC7 and Dbf4 begin this process by phosphorylating the MCM complex. John Cairns experimented on theta structures that form during this process, which uses an enzyme that can be cleaved to form the Klenow fragment. The trimeric PCNA sliding clamp increases the processivity of an enzyme involved in this process. In this semiconservative process, Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand are fixed by ligase. This process occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. For 10 points, name this first process of the central dogma, in which the genetic material of a cell is copied. | DNA replication [accept DNA synthesis] | DNA replication | [
"DNA synthesis",
"DNA replication",
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acf-regs25-8-4 | An author with this surname drew on the Boko Haram schoolgirl kidnappings in her 2019 final novel Girl, wrote about Cait and Baba in a trilogy beginning with The Country Girls, and had the first name Edna. In a novel by an author with this assumed surname, fourteen one-legged men attempt to prevent the hanging of a nameless man. A press specializing in experimental fiction is named after a novel by an author with this surname that features Saint Augustine and James Joyce. A man created by that author with this surname kills Mathers with a spade and uses a cash box containing omnium to write commentaries on the philosopher De Selby. For 10 points, the Irish modernist author of The Dalkey Archive and The Third Policeman shares what surname with a member of the Thought Police from 1984? | O’Brien [accept Edna O’Brien or Flann O’Brien; accept Brian O’Nolan or Myles na gCopaleen or Myles na Gopaleen] | O’Brien | [
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acf-regs25-8-5 | The Wati language has l, null, n, and ng classes for this process, among the most in the Pama–Nyungan family. Per the title of a Franz Bopp paper, this process’s rules in Sanskrit contrast with those in Greek, Latin, Persian, and Germanic languages. Modern Hebrew eliminated the “vav-consecutive” construction for this process. In Japanese, words called “ichidan” remove or replace the final kana via this process, unlike “godan” words. In the French preterite form, this process replaces the final “er” and replaces it with “ai” for the first- or third-person. In contrast to declension for nouns or adjectives, this process is the inflection of verbs. For 10 points, name this process in which verbs are modified to match categories like grammatical person, as in the difference between “I buzz” and “he buzzes.” | grammatical conjugation [or verb conjugation; prompt on inflection until read; prompt on prefixing or suffixing by asking “for what grammatical purpose?”] | grammatical conjugation | [
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acf-regs25-8-6 | This city is unusually referenced as the “wide land” in the so-called Agum-kakrime Inscription, which is only known from later copies. An “oracle question” about an attack on this city mentions the threat of troops from Idamaraz in the Kingdom of Khana. This city’s kingship passed to “E’urukuga” in a text indicating the founding of the First Sealand Dynasty. Kashtiliash IV’s loss of this city is recounted in the Epic of Tukulti-Ninurta I. This city’s 1595 BCE sack by Mursili I’s forces gave way to its Late Bronze Age Kassite domination, which ended after Shutruk-Nakhunte conquered it and plundered a law code from this city’s “Old” period. The Esagila temple housed this city’s statue of Marduk. For 10 points, name this Mesopotamian city that was ruled during its Amorite period by Hammurabi. | Babylon [or Bābilim or Kan dig̃irak or Babbar or Babbir or Pambalu or Babalu or Karduniash; accept King of the Wide Land of Babylon; accept Old Babylonian period] | Babylon | [
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acf-regs25-8-7 | One of these things specified by the AVX-512 extension is a bit-permuting Galois field affine transformation called GF2P8AFFINEQB. Modern x86 processors use AES-NI to implement encryption operations as these things. Whether there are single or multiple streams for these things and data name classes of parallel architecture paradigms. A five-stage system for interpreting these things begins with “fetch” and “decode” and may have “nop” inserted when hazards occur. The x86 register “rip” corresponds to the program counter and specifies the address of one of these things, which may have its bytesize specified with the suffix W, L, or Q, such as in movq. Each line of an assembly file contains one of these things. For 10 points, name these things that are executed when a program runs. | CPU instructions [accept x86 instructions; accept instruction set architectures] (The five-stage system is the RISC pipeline.) | CPU instructions | [
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acf-regs25-8-8 | This leader received the “Letter of three hundred” from scientists decrying a decline in biology research. This leader had Machine-Tractor Stations rapidly closed and forced farmers to buy the leftover equipment. A visit to the Iowa farm of Roswell Garst inspired this leader to grow new hybridized corn breeds in his country, which largely failed due to climate differences with the US. This leader recruited Komsomol volunteers to move to new farms in the Virgin Lands program. At the 20th Congress, this leader gave a speech titled “On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences” that denounced his predecessor and signaled the beginning of a relaxation of censorship called this leader’s “Thaw.” For 10 points, what Soviet leader gave the “Secret Speech” and succeeded Joseph Stalin? | Nikita Khrushchev [or Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev] | Nikita Khrushchev | [
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acf-regs25-8-9 | A Biblical passage claims that the word for this status should be cried twice by a man who “shall dwell alone” and should “put a covering upon his upper lip.” Jose ben Joezer decreed that this status existed on all land outside of the Land of Israel. Eight things that confer this status are listed in the sheratzim, or “creeping things.” A method of removing this trait called netilat yadayim is more moderate compared to tevilah. The Kohen who performs the red heifer sacrifice gains this status until evening. The “father” of this status is the only grade of this status greater than coming into contact with a corpse. Zav and niddah are sources of this trait, which can be erased through immersion in a mikveh. For 10 points, name this trait of self-pollution removed through ritual washing. | impurity [or word forms; or ritual impurity; or tum’ah; accept uncleanliness or word forms; accept contamination; accept self-pollution until read; accept Av HaTumah or “Father of Uncleanliness”] (The Biblical passage is Leviticus 13:45–46.) | impurity | [
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acf-regs25-8-10 | While honeymooning, a man in this novel claims he’ll die of embarrassment if his wife requests that Oscar Wilde autograph her glove. In Edith Grossman’s translation, a man in this novel is described as savoring the smell of his “urine that had been purified by lukewarm asparagus” at a Silver Jubilee meal. A couple in this novel almost divorce after having a prolonged argument about whether there was soap in their bathroom. An opera-lover who inspects the corpse of his former chess partner is reminded of one of this novel’s title concepts after detecting the smell of bitter almonds in its opening sentence. An elderly man in this novel dies while climbing a ladder to retrieve his multilingual parrot. For 10 points, Dr. Juvenal Urbino treats the title disease in what novel by Gabriel García Márquez? | Love in the Time of Cholera [or El amor en los tiempos del cólera] | Love in the Time of Cholera | [
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acf-regs25-8-11 | Hunting and chess are compared to ruling properly in the asides of a history of this empire called the “Comfort of the Chest.” The rise of this empire is connected to the historiographical concept of the “Sunni Revival” that followed the “Shia Century.” The Book of Government, or Siyasatnama, was written by a statesman of this empire. The atabeg Nizam al-Mulk served this empire, which patronized Omar Khayyam. Shia opposition to this empire led to the foundation of the Order of Assassins. The first beyliks and the Sultanate of Rum emerged in territory newly conquered by this empire after its ruler captured the Emperor Romanos IV in battle. For 10 points, Alp Arslan ruled what Turkish empire that expanded into Anatolia after it defeated the Byzantines at Manzikert? | Seljuks [or Great Seljuk Empire; accept Seljuk Turks or Seljukids or Seljuk Turkomans or Seljuk Turkomans or Saljuqids] (The first line is Muhammad ibn Ali Rawandi’s Rahat al-Sudur.) | Seljuks | [
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acf-regs25-8-12 | This thinker divided the sciences into “Science of Discovery,” “Science of Review,” and “Practical Science.” A law named for this thinker states that P must be true if there is a proposition Q such that “P then Q” implies P. This thinker developed theories regarding the importance of continuity and “absolute chance,” respectively called synechism and tychism. This thinker listed “quality,” “relation,” and “representation” as “firstness,” “secondness,” and “thirdness” in “On a New List of Categories.” Every sign is either an icon, index, or symbol in this thinker’s theory of semiotics. This thinker included the method of tenacity among the methods of “settling opinion” in “The Fixation of Belief.” For 10 points, name this “father of pragmatism” who wrote “How to Make Our Ideas Clear.” | Charles Sanders Peirce (“purse”) [or C. S. Peirce] | Charles Sanders Peirce | [
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acf-regs25-8-13 | A set of states for this system forms a prototypical overcomplete basis for which one can apply E. C. G. Sudarshan’s P representation. The Hardy–Hille formula generalizes the propagator of this system, called the Mehler kernel. Each index in a Fock space is given by one of these systems, since a real scalar field is represented by infinitely many of these systems coupled together. Roy J. Glauber introduced this system’s canonical coherent states. An independent collection of these systems are modelled in an Einstein solid. Operators denoted a and a-dagger are used to solve for this system’s energy levels and are denoted “creation” and “annihilation,” respectively. This system’s energy levels are quantized in units of h-bar omega. For 10 points, name this non-classical analogue of a mass on a spring. | quantum harmonic oscillator [or QHO; prompt on harmonic oscillator] | quantum harmonic oscillator | [
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acf-regs25-8-14 | A villain on this show was killed off because his actor, Andrew J. Ferchland, hit puberty. David Graeber’s article Rebel Without a God is an early work in the “studies” of this show. An episode of this show in which the bald “Gentlemen” terrorize its town was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Writing despite featuring very little dialogue. During an implied sex scene, a character on this show levitates while singing during the musical episode “Once More, With Feeling.” On a spinoff of this show, David Boreanaz played a cursed character working as a detective in LA. This show’s title character leads the Scooby Gang and has romantic relationships with the normally-hostile characters Spike and Angel. For 10 points, Joss Whedon created what show starring Sarah Michelle Gellar as a demon killer? | Buffy the Vampire Slayer [accept Buffy studies or Buffyology] (The nearly-dialogueless episode is “Hush.”) | Buffy the Vampire Slayer | [
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acf-regs25-8-15 | Attorney Francis Fisher Kane called these events “generally unwise and very apt to result in injustice” in his resignation letter. The Georgist politician Louis F. Post spoke out against these events before the House Committee on Rules. The Buford, nicknamed the “Soviet Ark,” was used to transport nearly 300 people involved in these events to Hanko, Finland. These events, led by a man nicknamed the “Fighting Quaker,” began after mail bombings launched by supporters of Luigi Galleani. Future FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was appointed to orchestrate these events, which were prompted by the Boston police strike and targeted figures such as Emma Goldman for deportation. For 10 points, name these events carried out by a namesake Attorney General during the first Red Scare. | Palmer Raids [or raids by A. Mitchell Palmer; prompt on Red Scare or First Red Scare until read; prompt on bombings; prompt on raids] | Palmer Raids | [
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acf-regs25-8-16 | In this musical’s original stage production and film version, a number set in a sewer was choreographed by Michael Kidd. Neon signs reading “Mindy’s” and “Hot Box” were fixtures of an “immersive” 2023 staging of this musical by Nicholas Hytner at London’s Bridge Theatre. In this musical, a character reads a book that claims single women “can develop ‘la grippe,’ ‘la post nasal drip’” in her namesake “Lament.” A number in this musical accuses a concept of having a “very unlady-like way of running out.” This musical alludes to its source author via its overture, “Runyonland.” New York and Havana are the settings of this musical, whose numbers include “A Bushel and a Peck” and “Luck Be a Lady.” For 10 points, Sky Masterson and Nathan Detroit appear in what Frank Loesser musical titled for two gendered groups? | Guys and Dolls | Guys and Dolls | [
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acf-regs25-8-17 | In an emotional speech, this character laments, “No mother did that for you. No nurse. No slave. I.” while cradling a funeral urn. This woman’s cries of “OIMOI MOI” are left untranslated in Anne Carson’s version of a play in which this woman often argues with her sister Chrysothemis. This woman asks a chorus of slave-women if it is right to ask the gods for “one who will take life for life” before pouring wine onto a grave. Euripides parodied a scene in which a lock of hair and a footprint lead this character to recognize a man who has secretly returned to Argos. This woman assists her brother in a plot to kill the king Aegisthus and his wife. For 10 points, name this woman who helps Orestes take revenge on their mother Clytemnestra in The Libation Bearers from Aeschylus’s Oresteia. | Electra (The first two sentences refer to Sophocles’s Electra.) | Electra | [
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acf-regs25-8-18 | So-called “designer solvents” named for this term are functionalized to make them task-specific. In the Debye–Hückel limiting law, the natural logarithm of the mean activity coefficient is proportional to the square root of a quantity named for this term. The quantity “square root of 12 over 12 minus coordination number, all minus one” defines the critical value of the ratio in compounds described by this term written as “r-sub-C over r-sub-A.” This term names room-temperature liquids such as BMIM-PF6 and EMIM. Compounds described by this term are described by Pauling’s five rules. The Born–Haber cycle calculates the lattice energy of compounds described by this term. For 10 points, name this term that describes bonds between two oppositely charged species such as sodium and chloride. | ionic [accept ionic liquids or ionic strength or ionic radius or ionic bonds] | ionic | [
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acf-regs25-8-19 | This poet’s spouse created a bust of Sappho for their farmhouse in upstate New York, which Mary Oliver recalled visiting in the essay “Steepletop.” A poem by this author observes that “the rain / is full of ghosts tonight” and notes, “summer sang in me / A little while.” This poet commanded the reader to “let geese gabble and hiss” in a poem that considers those who “have heard her massive sandal set on stone.” That sonnet by this author imagines the “terrible day, when first the shaft into his vision shone / of light anatomized!” This poet stated “Infinity / Came down and settled over me” in a poem beginning “All I could see from where I stood / Was three long mountains and a wood.” For 10 points, name this poet of “Euclid alone has looked on Beauty bare” and “Renascence.” | Edna St. Vincent Millay | Edna St. Vincent Millay | [
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acf-regs25-8-20 | In one text, this deity gives compliments such as “how beautiful are thy buttocks, how flourishing,” to another deity as part of a seduction plot. This god, whose 72 allies included Queen Aso, is depicted receiving offerings of wine on the Year 400 Stela. To reach a compromise with this god, a goddess often conflated with Athena offers him the foreign goddesses Anat and Astarte as wives. This god cut the talons off his servant Nemty after he ferried a goddess to a meeting on an island. This god loses a race after his opponent tricks him into making his boat out of stone. After cutting his brother into 14 pieces, this god fights to rule Egypt in a series of “contendings” with his nephew Horus. For 10 points, what brother of Osiris is the Egyptian god of storms and chaos? | Seth [or Sutekh] | Seth | [
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acf-regs25-9-1 | This book’s author adapted it into a stage play that inserts the character of Madame de Katkoff and adds a happy ending in which the two leads marry. This work’s title character tells the protagonist, “I prefer weak tea!” over his advice after they discuss flirting. A girl in this work refuses to get into a carriage with her love interest and his aunt because she sees them as “stiff.” Mrs. Costello sniffs at the idea that this novella’s protagonist rowed over to the Castle of Chillon alone with a girl he first meets in Vevey, Switzerland. This novella’s title character, a native of Schenectady, New York, is caught by the protagonist on a date with Giovanelli in the Colosseum. For 10 points, Winterbourne romances the title American girl before she dies of Roman fever in what novella by Henry James? | Daisy Miller | Daisy Miller | [
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acf-regs25-9-2 | Renaissance paintings of Christ with this trait inspired a two-word Latin phrase coined by Leo Steinberg in a book partly titled for “Modern Oblivion.” Ten men with this title trait fight in front of dense vegetation in an engraving by the Florentine goldsmith Antonio del Pollaiuolo. John Berger wrote that one term for this trait is a state of being whereas a synonym is a conventionalized artistic construct, responding to a “Study of Ideal Art” titled for a subject with this trait by Kenneth Clark. Daniele da Volterra removed depictions of this trait, earning the nickname Il Braghettone, in edits to Michelangelo’s Last Judgment made after the Council of Trent condemned this trait’s depiction in religious art. For 10 points, Renaissance artists often avoided depicting what trait via the inclusion of fig leaves? | nudity [or being nude; or nakedness; accept equivalents like being unclothed; accept answers mentioning display of the genitals or equivalents; prompt on sexuality or sexualized by asking “as depicted via what visual characteristic?”] (Leo Steinberg coined the phrase ostentatio genitalium, or “display of the genitals,” in The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion.) | nudity | [
"unclothed",
"equivalents",
"nude",
"answers mentioning display of the genitals",
"being nude",
"nakedness",
"genitals",
"equivalents like being unclothed",
"naked",
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acf-regs25-9-3 | Temples in this religion were envisioned as being surrounded by service-providing buildings called “dependencies” in a set of letters called This Decisive Hour. The founder of this religion claimed that a temple represented the “Manifestation of God” in a tablet written in the shape of a pentagram, collected in the Summons of the Lord of Hosts. The “Greatest Name” is often inscribed on the domes of temples of this religion, which are known as “Dawning-places of the Praise of God.” The oldest extant temple in this religion is located in Wilmette, Illinois. A temple of this religion consists of 27 marble standing petals, has nine doors, and is surrounded by nine ponds. For 10 points, the Lotus Temple in New Delhi is a “House of Worship” of what monotheistic religion founded by Bahá’u’lláh? | Bahá’i [or Bahá’i Faith] (This Decisive Hour was written by Shoghi Effendi to the American Bahá’i community.) | Bahá’i | [
"Bahá’i Faith",
"Bahá’i"
] | This Decisive Hour was written by Shoghi Effendi to the American Bahá’i community. | [
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acf-regs25-9-4 | The bookseller and magician Girolamo Scotto mainly published collections of works in this genre by composers like the extremely prolific Philippe de Monte and this genre’s “father,” Philippe Verdelot. A piece in this genre opens with the whole note chords C-sharp major, A minor, B major, G major with chromatically descending outer voices. Nicholas Yonge’s Musica Transalpina collects Italian pieces in this genre descended from the frottola that inspired English examples like “The Silver Swan” by Orlando Gibbons. “Moro, lasso, al mio duolo” is among the highly chromatic works in this genre by a composer known for murdering his wife in flagrante delicto, Carlo Gesualdo. For 10 points, name this secular genre of vocal music often contrasted with the motet. | madrigal [or madrigaux; prompt on song] | madrigal | [
"madrigaux",
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acf-regs25-9-5 | One of these cities agreed to partition the other city’s lands with Louis XII in the Treaty of Blois. A treaty between these two cities that set their border at the Adda River established forty years of peace through the Most Holy League. Pope Alexander VI arranged an alliance named for one of these cities after the other invited Charles VIII to invaded Naples. Thirty years of war between these two cities ended with the Treaty of Lodi. One of these cities was granted to Francis I after the War of the League of Cambrai, which began as a coalition against the other. A condottiero conspired with one of these city’s Council of Ten to betray the other city’s Ambrosian Republic found after the end of Visconti rule. For 10 points, name these cities ruled respectively by doges of the Dandolo family and dukes of the Sforza family. | Venice AND Milan [accept Venezia in place of “Venice”; accept Milano in place of “Milan”] | Venice AND Milan | [
"Milano in place of Milan",
"Venice",
"Milano",
"Venice AND Milan",
"Venezia",
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acf-regs25-9-6 | A theorem about these processes states that ones with “zero deficiency” have cyclic composition trajectories with positive composition only when they are weakly reversible. Stable periodic instances of these processes that exhibit “excitability” may self-organize in the presence of radiation. Ilya Prigogine described how these processes are driven by a force called “affinity,” defined as a derivative with respect to the “extent” of one of these processes. The quantity “delta G-dagger” appears in the exponential of Eyring’s theory of these processes. Plotting the “coordinate” of these processes against potential energy produces a bump whose energy difference is necessary for “activation.” For 10 points, name these processes whose rate constants are described by the Arrhenius equation. | chemical reactions [accept chemical reaction networks; prompt on transition state formation] | chemical reactions | [
"chemical reaction networks",
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acf-regs25-9-7 | In a novel by this author, a penniless man nicknamed “Apollo” ironically receives a large raise only after breaking up with his rural fiancée to pursue the wealthy urbanite Alexandrina. In that novel by this author, Lily Dale is courted by Adolphus Crosbie while living in the title dower house with her mother. In this author’s longest novel, Augustus Melmotte devises a speculation scheme based on a railroad in Utah. The surgeon John Bold challenges the charitable income going to a cathedral precentor created by this author named Septimus Harding. A series of six novels set in a county created by this author include The Small House at Allington and The Warden. For 10 points, name this prolific Victorian novelist who wrote The Way We Live Now and the Chronicles of Barsetshire. | Anthony Trollope | Anthony Trollope | [
"Anthony Trollope",
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acf-regs25-9-8 | A sovereign nation named for this tribe was established by a Loyalist veteran who looted the Panton, Leslie, and Company store, only to be captured by Spain. This tribe’s Chief Opothleyahola faced Confederate attacks on the Trail of Blood on Ice. This tribe, whose members included William Augustus Bowles, exiled the Yamacraw chief Tomochichi. Peter McQueen and William Weatherford led this Hitchiti-speaking tribe in an attack on white residents of Fort Mims, 35 miles north of Mobile. This tribe’s Red Stick faction fought against the United States during a series of wars that included the Battle of Burnt Corn. For 10 points, the Treaty of Fort Jackson ended a war named after what tribe that clashed with Andrew Jackson in the Southeastern US? | Muscogee [or Muscogee Creek; or Mvskoke; or State of Muscogee; prompt on Red Sticks until read] | Muscogee | [
"Creek",
"Muscogee",
"State of Muscogee",
"Mvskoke",
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acf-regs25-9-9 | Thurston proved that a knot must have this property if it is not a torus knot or a satellite knot. A space with this property has as its orientation-preserving isometries the group of real Möbius transformations with determinant one. Spaces with this property have curves called horocycles, can be modeled in two dimensions by Poincaré’s half-plane and disk, and have constant negative curvature. This property is the first word in a class of functions derived from the pair “e-to-the-x plus-or-minus e-to-the-negative-x all over two.” Lobachevsky names a non-Euclidean geometry with this property, which breaks the parallel postulate and has triangles whose angles sum to less than 180 degrees. For 10 points, what property derives from the name of a conic section exemplified by the function one-over-x? | hyperbolic [accept hyperbola; accept hyperbolic functions or hyperbolic trigonometric functions] | hyperbolic | [
"hyperbola",
"hyperbolic functions",
"hyperbolic",
"hyperbolic trigonometric functions"
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acf-regs25-9-10 | This thinker’s fear of “material invention” is discussed to open Richard Sennett’s book The Craftsman. This thinker’s focus on political action is critiqued in The Burnout Society by Byung-Chul Han, whose book written “In Praise of Inactivity” is titled for a concept discussed by this thinker. This thinker analyzed the Sputnik launch in a book that posits the victory of animal laborans over homo faber. This thinker’s last work, The Life of the Mind, elaborates on a contrast between ways of life based on labor and reflection, the vita activa and vita contemplativa. A book by this thinker examines a man who claimed to follow Kant’s categorical imperative in court testimony. For 10 points, what author of The Human Condition coined the term “banality of evil” in her book Eichmann in Jerusalem? | Hannah Arendt [or Johanna Arendt] (The latter book by Byung-Chul Han is Vita Contemplativa: In Praise of Inactivity.) | Hannah Arendt | [
"Hannah Arendt",
"Johanna Arendt",
"Arendt"
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acf-regs25-9-11 | During an 1891 civil war in this country, the steamship company CSAV brought a case against the US, claiming that the Itata was wrongly detained. British settlers mutinied against David Cheap off this country’s coast, as recounted in David Grann’s book The Wager. This country’s navy under Jorge Beauchef led an expedition that was defeated at the Battle of Mocopulli. Two American sailors were stabbed in front of the “True Blue Saloon” in this country, triggering the Baltimore crisis. In a war with a northern neighbor, this country’s Esmeralda sank at the Battle of Iquique. After the Battle of Chacabuco, this country’s general Bernardo O’Higgins laid the foundations for its modern Navy. For 10 points, name this country whose navy defended seaports like Valparaíso. | Chile [or Republic of Chile; or República de Chile] | Chile | [
"Chile",
"Republic of Chile",
"República de Chile"
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acf-regs25-9-12 | To study this disease, the Karmanos Institute at Wayne State University derived the MCF7 and MCF10A cell lines. Classification of this disease can be done using the Nottingham index or BI-RADS. A particularly aggressive form of this disease presents with an “orange peel” appearance from pressure on Cooper’s ligaments. It’s not related to bones, but Paget’s disease often indicates an underlying case of this disease, which may involve dissection of the axillary lymph nodes and can be treated with SERMs like tamoxifen. The absence of HER2, estrogen, and progesterone receptors characterize the “triple negative” form of this disease. Susceptibility to this disease is increased by mutations in two genes named for it called BRCA 1 and 2. For 10 points, name this type of cancer screened for by a mammogram. | breast cancer [accept triple negative breast cancer or inflammatory breast cancer or IBC; prompt on cancer until read] | breast cancer | [
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acf-regs25-9-13 | A location that is part of this archaeological site was dubbed the “Murder House” due to the two skeletons that were found when it was excavated. The Clayton Collection comprises pottery found at this site. One text found at this site includes a request sent to the wife of Cerialis to “make the day more enjoyable” by her arrival. Tablet 208, a recipe that uses garlic and conditum, is one of a hoard of letters found at Vindolanda at this site. In 2023, tree vandalism occurred at the Sycamore Gap, which is found along the 73-mile span of this site. This structure was built south of a similar one named for Antoninus to defend against attacks from Caledonia. For 10 points, what structure was named for the Roman emperor who ordered it built on the border between Britannia and lower Scotland? | Hadrian’s Wall [or Vallum Aelium or Picts’ Wall; accept Housesteads; accept Vindolanda until read] (The first line refers to Housesteads. The birthday invitation was sent from Claudia Severa to Lepidina.) | Hadrian’s Wall | [
"Housesteads",
"Vindolanda",
"Vindolanda until read",
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acf-regs25-9-14 | In 2022, fans of this team embraced a song by OH Goody and its instruction to put your “left hand up.” A running back for this team, who recovered from injuries sustained in an armed robbery in just six weeks, was interviewed wearing a comically large baseball hat. In a playoff game, this team nearly forfeited a touchdown after its linebacker from American Samoa repeatedly jumped the line of scrimmage in an attempt to stop the Tush Push. Jim Nantz called this team’s stadium a “madhouse” after a Hail Mary pass fortuitously bounced to Noah Brown. In 2024, this team dramatically improved when Dan Quinn was hired a season after sexual harassment lawsuits forced out former owner Dan Snyder. For 10 points, Jayden Daniels plays for what NFL team formerly known by a name offensive to Native Americans? | Washington Commanders [or Washington Commanders; accept Washington Football Team; accept Washington Redskins; prompt on Football Team] | Washington Commanders | [
"Washington Redskins",
"Commanders",
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acf-regs25-9-15 | Mid-century poets in this language were cultivated by the Blue Star Poetry Society. The contemporary “lower body poets” write in this language, also used by the Neustadt Prize-winning poet of the collection Words as Grain whose pen name consists of the same name twice. The journal Today published lexically “obscure” poems in this language by members of the anti-formalist Misty Poets. English-language books about poetry in this language include Sunflower Splendor and Eliot Weinberger’s book titled for “19 ways” of looking at an 8th-century author. A “written vernacular” form of this language began to be used by poets in the May Fourth Movement. For 10 points, name this language whose contemporary poets may reference classical forms like shī and cí. | written vernacular Chinese [or Classical Chinese; or Literary Chinese; accept Mandarin; accept Modern Chinese or Standard Chinese or baihuawen or wényánwén or gǔwén or zhōngwén or hànyǔ] (The poet in the second line is Duo Duo. Eliot Weinberger wrote 19 Ways of Looking at Wang Wei.) | written vernacular Chinese | [
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"gǔ",
"baihua",
"baihuawen",
"zhōngwén",
"Classical Chinese",
"wényán",
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"Standard Chinese",
"hànyǔ",
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"gǔwén",
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acf-regs25-9-16 | A list for achieving this two-word concept includes an instruction to “avoid the byzantine oddity of associated and disassociated concepts.” A thinker’s outline on using this two-word concept by being “a good craftsman” was extended in “On Intellectual Craftsmanship.” A book titled for this two-word concept states that “the ultimate problem of freedom” is the “Cheerful Robot.” That book, which criticizes Talcott Parsons’s “grand theory,” refers to this two-word concept’s application by Paul Lazarsfeld as “abstract empiricism.” People who understand this two-word concept can connect “private troubles to public issues.” For 10 points, name this two-word concept of understanding personal experiences within a broader social context, which titles a book by C. Wright Mills. | sociological imagination [or The Sociological Imagination; prompt on imagination; reject “intellectual craftsmanship”] | sociological imagination | [
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acf-regs25-9-17 | A courtyard on the west side of this structure has an iron chain suspended from its entrance to force anyone who enters on horseback to bow their head. Parts of this structure inspired by fauna include four pillars nicknamed “elephant feet” and chandeliers that, to ward off nesting spiders, contained ostrich eggs. This structure’s architect allegedly misheard the adjective “gold” as “six” when receiving directions for the design of its towers, which was controversial since only one other such structure had that many towers. The entire ceramics industry of Iznik was dedicated towards this structure, which a teenage monarch built in the 1610s next to the Hippodrome to surpass the beauty of the Hagia Sophia. For 10 points, what place of worship in Istanbul is nicknamed for the color of its tiles? | Blue Mosque [or Sultan Ahmed Mosque; or Sultan Ahmet Camii] (The mosque of the Kaaba was the only other mosque to have six minarets at the time of the Blue Mosque’s construction.) | Blue Mosque | [
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"Sultan Ahmed",
"Sultan Ahmed Mosque",
"Sultan Ahmet",
"Blue Mosque"
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acf-regs25-9-18 | The seer Idmon foresaw his own death by one of these animals, but joined the Argonauts anyway. After failing to correctly guess how many offspring would be born to one of these animals, Calchas lost a divination contest to his rival Mopsus and subsequently died of shame. A man trapped one of these animals in deep snow to bring it back alive to Tiryns. While hunting one of these animals as a boy with his grandfather Autolycus, Odysseus suffered a scar on his thigh. The brothers Toxeus and Plexippus were killed by their nephew after a dispute over the spoils of one of these animals. Oeneus’s failure to dedicate the first fruits of the harvest led Artemis to punish him by sending one of these animals. For 10 points, what animal did Atalanta and Meleager kill because it was ravaging Calydon? | boars [accept Calydonian Boar; accept sows; prompt on pigs] | boars | [
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"Calydonian Boar",
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acf-regs25-9-19 | For a play by an author from this country, Es Devlin designed a Tony-winning set shaped like a rotating glass box. In that play from this country, three actors play multiple generations of a family beginning with Henry, Emanuel, and Mayer. Short monologues inspired by Biblical apocrypha, sometimes in grammelot, comprise a “comedic mystery play” from this country denounced by the Vatican. The Lehman Trilogy is by an author from this country, as is a play in which a man with a fake pegleg pretends to be a bishop, judge, and forensic expert while outwitting policemen. The Maniac gets the Superintendent to reveal that he pushed a man out of a window in a play by an author from this country, Accidental Death of an Anarchist. For 10 points, name this home country of Stefano Massini and Dario Fo. | Italy [or Italia; or Italian Republic; or Repubblica Italiana] (The third sentence refers to Fo’s Mistero Buffo.) | Italy | [
"Italian Republic",
"Italiana",
"Italia",
"Italy",
"Italian",
"Repubblica Italiana"
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acf-regs25-9-20 | A form of this phenomenon studied by Aldert van der Ziel that occurs in the abelian sandpile model is sometimes named for the fact that it obeys an inverse power law with an exponent between 1 and 2. So-called “dark current” occurs due to a type of this phenomenon discovered via experiments in vacuum tubes. A form of this phenomenon is modelled as a Poisson process and occurs due to electric charge quantization. Thermal agitation produces a form of this phenomenon named for Johnson and Nyquist. A form of this phenomenon has a constant power spectral density across all frequencies and is called its “white” form. For 10 points, name this random fluctuation of a signal, which in audio devices is responsible for the sound of static. | noise [accept shot noise, white noise, pink noise, one-over-f noise, Poisson noise, or Johnson–Nyquist noise] | noise | [
"noise noise noise noise noise",
"shot noise, white noise, pink noise, one-over-f noise, Poisson noise,",
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acf-regs25-10-1 | The first female judge from this region, who married Frederick William Beckley Sr., campaigned for women’s suffrage with historian Emma Taylor. This region’s first women’s suffrage club was organized by Wilhelmine Dowsett, who married the businessman Hermann A. Widemann. A woman from this region often had meetings with Isaac Davis and John Young before the Olowalu Massacre. A meeting with Queen Victoria inspired a woman from this region to write the song “The Queen’s Jubilee.” That ruler’s overthrow in this region was ruled illegal by the Blount Report. Rebels under a queen of this region tried to replace her with Sanford Dole for opposing the Bayonet Constitution. For 10 points, name this region ruled by the queens Ka‘ahumanu and Lili‘uokalani. | Hawaii [or Hawai‘i; or Hawaiian Islands; prompt on islands of Hawaii like Oahu, Maui, or Big Island] | Hawaii | [
"Hawai‘i",
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"Hawaii"
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acf-regs25-10-2 | The first in a set of three pieces by this composer opens with an E-flat minor theme over triplet arpeggios, followed by a restatement in the parallel major. Extremely slow interpretations of the first movement of a late piano sonata by this composer were popularized by Sviatoslav Richter, who switched from Bösendorfer to Steinway to record a fantasy by this composer that opens with thundering C major chords in a “long, short-short” rhythm. Brahms edited a set of “three piano pieces” by this composer initially intended to be a third set of four impromptus. This composer declared “the devil may play it” in reference to his challenging Wanderer Fantasy. For 10 points, name this German composer whose hundreds of Lieder include settings of Goethe in Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel and Der Erlkönig. | Franz Schubert [or Franz Peter Schubert] | Franz Schubert | [
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acf-regs25-10-3 | In a play titled for one of these objects, Zhào Wǔniáng carries one of them and a portrait as she searches for her husband Cai Yong; that play by Yuan dramatist Gao Ming is titled “The Story of” one of these objects. The title poet carries one of these objects into battle instead of a weapon in Zeami’s play Atsumori. A female demon becomes trapped inside a huge one of these objects in the Noh play Dōjōji. Blind itinerant “priests” named for and carrying a type of these objects recited The Tale of the Heike. Seated users of these objects appear with standing storytellers in Korean pansori. In performances of works like Farewell My Concubine, the voices of actors are mirrored by users of these objects, which include the erhu. For 10 points, kabuki theater is accompanied by performers on what objects such as the shamisen? | musical instruments [accept specific musical instruments like drums, bells, lutes, pipas, flutes, or pipes; accept classes of musical instruments like percussion or woodwinds] (Gao Ming wrote The Story of the Lute, also called The Tale of the Pipa.) | musical instruments | [
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acf-regs25-10-4 | The first curtain wall to be designed by computer was in this architect’s limestone- and marble-heavy design for the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center. This architect designed the Fountain Place skyscraper in that same city, where this architect added a redundant set of oval columns to a political office to assuage the mayor’s fears that the 34-degree slope of its “inverted” walls was unstable. This architect used pink-tinted, bush-hammered concrete to emulate Anasazi cliff dwellings in his design for an NCAR facility. This architect of Dallas City Hall and Mesa Laboratory was taken on a road trip by Rolling Stone to brainstorm his “glass tent” design for a pyramid near Lake Erie. For 10 points, Cleveland’s Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was designed by what Chinese-American architect? | I. M. Pei [or Ieoh Ming Pei] | I. M. Pei | [
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acf-regs25-10-5 | A spell to heal this deity’s horse is first conjured by a sun goddess’s sister named Sinthgunt. An analogue of this god in the Gesta Danorum is rejected by King Gewar’s daughter and dies three days after receiving a sword wound. After asking Modgud where this god has gone, one figure rides “down and to the North” before spurring his horse over a gate. This god’s ship shakes the ground and causes fire to erupt when moved by Hyrrokin. The inability to answer a question about what his opponent whispered into this god’s ear causes Vafthrudnir to lose a contest of wits. Váli reaches adulthood in one day to avenge this father of Foresti and husband of Nanna, who is forced to stay in Hel when Thokk refuses to weep. For 10 points, name this Norse god who is killed by Hodr with a mistletoe spear. | Baldr [or Balder; or Baldur; accept Balderus] | Baldr | [
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acf-regs25-10-6 | Specific representations of these mathematical objects called “spiders” are generators of a string diagram in ZX-calculus. Quantum circuits are represented using these objects in networks that can be described using Penrose notation. A multi-particle Hilbert space is constructed by applying an operation named for these objects that, when applied to spaces of dimensions m and n, produces one of dimension m times n. These objects can be divided into covariant and contravariant components. A generalization of trace on these objects called “contraction” applies when an index appears as both a subscript and superscript in Einstein notation. A product named for these objects is denoted by a times symbol inside a circle. For 10 points, name these objects that correspond to multilinear maps and whose rank-2 representations are matrices. | tensors [accept tensor products or tensor networks; prompt on multilinear maps until read] | tensors | [
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acf-regs25-10-7 | In a work titled for this place “in Late Antiquity,” Averil Cameron analyzes the importance of “the division between east and west.” Another work titled for this place begins by discussing “geography of a particular kind” and declares that “mountains come first.” A series of works titled for this place’s “society” was produced by Shelomo Dov Goitein, who analyzed the documents of the Cairo Genizah. Another work titled for this place was prepared using the archives of Dubrovnik and Venice, and was written by a scholar who was mentored by Lucien Febvre and who coined the term longue durée. That work about this body of water is titled for it “in the Age of Philip II” and was written by Fernand Braudel. For 10 points, name this sea that divides southern Europe and northern Africa. | Mediterranean Sea [accept The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity; accept A Mediterranean Society; accept The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II or La Méditerranée et le Monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II] (The second sentence refers to The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II.) | Mediterranean Sea | [
"The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity",
"Mediterranean Sea",
"Méditerranée",
"A Mediterranean Society",
"Mediterranean"
] | The second sentence refers to The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. | [
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acf-regs25-10-8 | Polymerization of liquid mixtures containing this functional group can be delayed using “latent” reagents such as dicyandiamide powder. Most polymers named for this functional group derive from the BPA-containing monomer BADGE. Monomers of this functional group undergo anionic ROP to form polymers like PPO and PEO. A reaction that produces this functional group proceeds via a “butterfly mechanism.” A class of thermosets named for this functional group can be mixed with hardener to form quick-curing adhesives and coatings. This functional group can be synthesized by treating halohydrins with a base or reacting alkenes with a peroxy-acid like mCPBA. For 10 points, ethylene oxide is the simplest example of what highly-strained functional group consisting of a three-membered cyclic ether? | epoxides [or oxiranes; accept epoxy resins or polyepoxides; prompt on ethers until read] | epoxides | [
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acf-regs25-10-9 | Kurt Freund’s research on one aspect of this field of study led to the development of the PPG device. A book titled for this field “in the Cultural Struggle” analyzed the failure of the bourgeoisie to reform this field in the Soviet Union and was written by Frankfurt School thinker Wilhelm Reich. Therapies targeting disorders in this field were developed by a research team that studied the role of Bartholin’s glands; that team is Masters and Johnson. To test the ideas of Eugen Steinach, the first institute to study this field was developed by Magnus Hirschfeld in Berlin. Alfred Kinsey’s research in this field led to the development of his namesake scale. For 10 points, name this field sociologists study to compare outcomes between straight and gay people. | sexology [or human sexuality; accept sex research; accept sexuality or sexual orientation; accept sexual behavior; reject “gender studies” or “transgender studies”] | sexology | [
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acf-regs25-10-10 | In a novel in this language, a woman inspired by the Ghent Altarpiece compiles stories of animal cruelty into “Reports on Infamy.” Enigmatic, unlabeled maps litter a novel in this language featuring occasional analyses of “travel psychology” at airports. In 2022, Fitzcarraldo Editions published Jennifer Croft’s translation of a 900-page novel in this language about an 18th-century self-proclaimed messiah. A novel in this language follows a William Blake translator’s investigation of the murder of her neighbor Big Foot. The Swedish Academy jointly announced Peter Handke’s 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature win with the 2018 win of an author in this language who wrote The Books of Jacob and a novel composed of 116 vignettes, Flights. For 10 points, name this language used by Olga Tokarczuk. | Polish [or Polska] (The novel in the fourth sentence is Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead.) | Polish | [
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acf-regs25-10-11 | An ordering of terms within these mathematical objects is denoted by the shorthand “grevlex.” A set of these objects is iteratively transformed by Büchberger’s algorithm to obtain a Gröbner basis. Solution sets to systems of equations defined by these objects are called algebraic varieties. Hilbert’s basis theorem applies to rings of these objects, which are formed by adjoining dummy variables to rings like the complex numbers. Gauss’s lemma concerns the irreducibility of these objects, whose solvability can be determined via their Galois groups. Vieta’s formulas provide explicit relations between solutions to these objects, which have no generic solution in degree five or higher by the Abel–Ruffini theorem. For 10 points, the fundamental theorem of algebra concerns the roots of what functions? | polynomials [accept monomials; accept polynomial rings or polynomial equations] | polynomials | [
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acf-regs25-10-12 | This group’s buildings contain three “immovable” and three “movable” jewels, such as the emblem-decorated “trestle-board.” Confederate general Albert Pike collected essays about this group into a book about the Morals and Dogma of one of its Rites. Albert Mackey documented twenty-five “landmarks” of this group, including their separation into three “degrees” and their belief in a subordinate of Solomon named Hiram Abiff. The letter “G” is sometimes placed in the center of the “square and compasses” symbol used by this group. This group’s “operative” origins gave way to a “speculative” focus on symbols such as the Eye of Providence. A “Grand Master” oversees meetings for members of this group at “Grand Lodges.” For 10 points, name this fraternal organization originating from guilds of stoneworkers. | Freemasons [or Freemasonry] (The second line refers to the Scottish Rite.) | Freemasons | [
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acf-regs25-10-13 | A dynasty with this name was the first to use a cross made of five blue shields with white dots that is still used on Portugal’s flag. In his book The Autumn of the Middle Ages, Johan Huizinga argues a state with this name made of patchwork fiefdoms sponsored an “overripe” chivalric court culture that awaited the Renaissance. An upper and lower state with this name were merged to form a kingdom sometimes called Arelat within the Holy Roman Empire. A cadet branch of the Valois dynasty ruled a virtually-independent duchy with this name that often changed sides during the Hundred Years’ War under dukes like Philip the Good and Charles the Bold. For 10 points, what name given to many different states in eastern France is synonymous with a dark shade of red associated with its wine? | Burgundy [or word forms like Burgundian; accept Bourgogne or Borgonha or Burgundiae] | Burgundy | [
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acf-regs25-10-14 | Edward Troye mostly painted these animals, who are shown “at Play” and engaging in “feats” in two paintings by George Catlin. One of these animals appears next to two men who are whittling and bargaining in a painting by William Sidney Mount. Four of these animals appear in Thomas Eakins’s painting of the civil engineer Fairman Rogers, which drew on a series made after a separate artist’s acquittal for “justifiable homicide” of his wife’s lover. The painting A Dash for the Timber depicts these animals and was made by an artist whose sculpture of one was gifted to Teddy Roosevelt. Leland Stanford financed a set of cabinet cards that aimed to show the motion of these animals by Eadweard Muybridge. For 10 points, Frederic Remington sculpted what type of animal being ridden by a “buster”? | horses [or equines or equids; accept specific types of horses like broncos or stallions or mares] (The second painting by George Catlin is “Comanche Feats of Horsemanship.”) | horses | [
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acf-regs25-10-15 | The protagonist of a series by this author acquires “some landscapes by Hunt, Sully, and Hart” to begin his massive art collection after his marriage to Lillian Semple. A novel by this author ends with a “souvenir” that echoes its opening chapter by following a family of street preachers at dusk on a summer night. The railcar tycoon Charles Yerkes was fictionalized as Frank Cowperwood in this author’s Trilogy of Desire. In a novel by this author, a hit-and-run by the bellhop Sparser forces the protagonist to flee from Kansas City to Chicago, then Lycurgus, New York. The murder of Grace Brown inspired a novel by this author in which Roberta Alden is hit with a camera and drowns in a lake, leading to the execution of Clyde Griffiths. For 10 points, name this author of An American Tragedy. | Theodore Dreiser [or Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser] | Theodore Dreiser | [
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acf-regs25-10-16 | A woman of this nationality promoted female education in The Learned Maid and joined a reform movement led by the Frenchman Jean de Labadie. A thinker of this nationality claimed that there would be natural laws “even if God did not exist” and escaped from a castle in a chest of books. Jonathan Israel traced the “radical Enlightenment” to a thinker of this nationality who wrote a “book forged in Hell” that claims that the Bible should be viewed as a fallible historical text. A jurist of this nationality who wrote Mare Liberum is often called the father of international law. An excommunicated thinker of this nationality wrote a book “in Geometrical Order” that equates God and nature. For 10 points, thinkers of what nationality include Hugo Grotius and the author of Ethics, Baruch Spinoza? | Dutch [accept Netherlandish; accept Netherlands or Dutch Republic or the United Provinces of the Netherlands] (The philosopher in the first sentence is Anna Maria van Schurman.) | Dutch | [
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acf-regs25-10-17 | Archaeologists in this country hope to find all fifty of the “Elliq-Qala,” or “Fifty Forts,” including castles at Guldursun and Toprak. Toxic dust storms cause chronic illnesses in this country’s depopulated city of Moynaq, home to a “cemetery of boats.” Most of the Karakalpak people live in this country around a river delta home to the cities of Nukus and Urgench. This country’s main ethnic group speaks the second most widely-spoken Turkic language, which is closely related to Uighur. The city of Andijan lies in this country’s section of the Ferghana Valley. Before the effects of irrigation for cotton growing, the Amu Darya met the Aral Sea in this country. For 10 points, what most populous country in Central Asia contains cities like Samarkand and Tashkent? | Uzbekistan [or Republic of Uzbekistan; or O‘zbekiston Respublikasi] | Uzbekistan | [
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acf-regs25-10-18 | Whole genome sequencing in members of this taxonomic group has revealed the presence of DNA segments called NUMTs. Thomas Cavalier-Smith classified this taxonomic group as unikonts or bikonts based on their number of flagella. The inheritance of ESCRT protein complexes by this taxonomic group is cited as evidence for James A. Lake’s “eocyte hypothesis.” Exemplified by the TSAR clade, members of this taxonomic group have independently evolved a process called kleptoplasty. In a 1967 paper that also explained the 9-plus-2 arrangement of flagella, Lynn Margulis proposed a theory that this taxonomic group may have evolved after engulfing proteobacteria via endosymbiosis. For 10 points, name this domain of organisms whose cells have membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. | Eukaryota [or eukaryotes; prompt on Plantae or plants or Animalia or animals or Fungi or Protista or protists by asking “can you be less specific?”] | Eukaryota | [
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|
acf-regs25-10-19 | This author and the “Environmental Tradition” subtitle a 1991 book by Jonathan Bate considered a foundational work of ecocriticism. The penultimate section of a long poem by this poet mentions “an ennobling interchange / Of action from without and from within.” This poet used an ABAB rhyme scheme in a poem in which the “fair works” of nature remind the speaker of “what man has made of man.” A poem by this author calls nature “the nurse, the guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul / Of all my moral being.” This poet of “Lines Written in Early Spring” wrote of re-encountering the “steep woods” and the “sylvan Wye” after “five summers, with the length / Of five long winters” in a nostalgic poem written in 1798. For 10 points, name the Romantic poet who wrote The Prelude and “Tintern Abbey.” | William Wordsworth (The Bate book is Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition.) | William Wordsworth | [
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acf-regs25-10-20 | The Fugu Plan attempted to resettle Jewish refugees in this historical state after many fled this state after the murder of Simon Kaspé. Members of the Red Spear Society joined volunteer armies that resisted the “pacification” of this state. This state’s early ruling party, the Concordia Association, failed to maintain ethnic harmony that it promoted with a motto originally used by an earlier state, “Five Races Under One Union.” Bioweapons testing and human experimentation were performed by a group based in this state, Unit 731. The Soviet Union launched Operation August Storm to invade this state, which was established shortly after a false flag operation in the Mukden Incident. For 10 points, name this puppet state led by Puyi that the Japanese Empire organized in Northeast China. | Manchukuo [or State of Manchuria; or Empire of Manchuria or Empire of Great Manchuria; accept Japanese-occupied Manchuria until “Japanese” is read; accept Pacification of Manchukuo; prompt on Manchuria] | Manchukuo | [
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