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acf-regs25-1-1 | One in four patients who have this organ removed to treat one disease may experience hyperpigmentation from another organ’s growth in Nelson’s syndrome. Surgical removal of an adenoma of this organ can prevent its overactivity in Conn’s syndrome. A failure to decrease the levels of one hormone is used to diagnose a condition of this organ in the dexamethasone suppression test. The organ of Zuckerkandl may be the origin of neoplasms of this organ called pheochromocytomas. The enzyme PNMT is primarily found in this organ’s chromaffin cells. This organ exhibits overactivity in Cushing’s disease, and it produces hormones like aldosterone and cortisol. For 10 points, name this paired organ that produces the main hormone found in an Epipen. | adrenal glands [accept adrenal medulla] | adrenal glands | [
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acf-regs25-1-2 | In an epilogue set in a movie theater in this city, a man loses his wedding ring, watch, and cufflinks between the legs of a woman he fondles. A novel set in this city that retells the killing of Trotsky in multiple styles also includes the wordplay-heavy dialogue of Bustrófedon. The gay poet José Cemí grows up in this city in the 1977 novel Paradiso. An author who was an exile to London wrote about his sexual exploits in this city in a novel published in English as [his name]’s Inferno, and used this city’s dialects in his Joycean novel Three Trapped Tigers. A poet born in this capital city wrote the collection Versos sencillos, which includes the poems “I Cultivate a White Rose” and “Guantanamera.” For 10 points, what capital city was the birthplace of José Martí? | Havana [or La Habana] (José Lezama Lima wrote Paradiso. Guillermo Cabrera Infante wrote Infante’s Inferno and Three Trapped Tigers.) | Havana | [
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acf-regs25-1-3 | A hall named for this country built in Victorian-era Piccadilly became a popular venue for spiritualists and magic shows. Ritual costumes inspired by this country’s history were worn by the non-Greek Order of the Golden Dawn, drawing on the work of Karl Richard Lepsius. While staying in this country, Aleister Crowley wrote The Book of the Law, launching his Thelema movement centered on deities from this country. Parties themed around bodies illegally imported from this country were organized by the surgeon Thomas Pettigrew, who unwrapped them for Victorian audiences. Lord Carnarvon’s death was the first to be blamed on a curse caused by an excavation in this country. For 10 points, name this country where a team led by Howard Carter was supposedly cursed by opening the tomb of King Tut. | Egypt [or Miṣr; or Arab Republic of Egypt; accept Jumhūriyyat Miṣr al-‘Arabiyyah; accept Egyptian Hall] | Egypt | [
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acf-regs25-1-4 | A poem attributed to this figure ends each stanza by mentioning a journey taken by three boatloads of men, of whom only seven return. This figure intimidates a king by making the men of his court sing a song that consists solely of a nonsense word. This figure once won a horse race by laying holly in front of his opponent’s horses, causing them to dance. This figure foiled a plan to give inspiration to Morfran by accidentally drinking three drops from a cauldron, after which he hid by transforming into a piece of wheat that was eaten by his master Cerridwen. After this figure was found as a baby by Elphin, he changed his name from Gwion Bach to one meaning “radiant brow.” For 10 points, a Frank Lloyd Wright studio is named for what semi-legendary Welsh bard? | Taliesin (“tal-YES-in”) [accept Gwion Bach until read] (The poem in the first line is The Spoils of Annwn.) | Taliesin | [
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acf-regs25-1-5 | A type of “writing” named for this concept titles a Man Ray photograph in which his signature appears in penlight over a self-portrait, often called the first light painting. The “White Manifesto” prefigured a movement named for this concept that was led by the canvas-slashing Italian painter Lucio Fontana. This concept and “light” provide an alternate title for the “Light Prop for an Electric Stage,” a rotating kinetic “modulator” by László Moholy-Nagy. This is the last word in the title of a sculpture of the “Development of a Bottle” and of another sculpture by the same artist that depicts a body in motion; that bronze Futurist sculpture by Umberto Boccioni is titled for “Unique Forms of Continuity in” this concept. For 10 points, empty parts of a canvas are called what concept’s “negative” form? | space [or word forms like spatial; accept spazio; accept Space Writing or Spatialism or Spazialismo; accept Light-Space Modulator; accept Development of a Bottle in Space or Bird in Space; accept negative space] | space | [
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acf-regs25-1-6 | In this novel, a cook prepares asparagus nearly every night for a whole summer in order to induce asthma attacks in a kitchen maid nicknamed “Giotto’s Charity.” A man in this novel uses the euphemism “making cattleyas” for his trysts with a woman whom he likens to a painting of Zipporah. During a carriage ride, this novel’s narrator writes an impromptu passage on the image of three church steeples against the sky. A boy in this novel watches the projections of a magic lantern in his room while waiting for a good-night kiss from his mother. The title character of this novel’s first volume associates a “little phrase” from a sonata with his love for Odette de Crecy. For 10 points, a tea-soaked madeleine induces the narrator’s memories of Combray in what novel by Marcel Proust? | In Search of Lost Time [or À la recherche du temps perdu; accept Remembrance of Things Past; accept Swann’s Way or Du côté de chez Swann] | In Search of Lost Time | [
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acf-regs25-1-7 | This thinker cited a Galton board to argue that an event that is determined must arise from a set of possibilities that narrow to one. In that paper, this thinker defined a “non-necessitating cause” via the example of a bomb linked to a Geiger counter. This thinker often used the example of paying a grocer for potatoes, as in a paper whose title concepts were contrasted with “institutional” ones by John Searle. A book by this author of “Causality and Determination” and “On Brute Facts” introduced the idea of acting “under a description.” The title concept of that book holds if the performer of an action can say why they chose to do it. This author of Intention coined the term “consequentialism.” For 10 points, what philosopher revived virtue ethics in her paper “Modern Moral Philosophy”? | G. E. M. Anscombe [or Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe] | G. E. M. Anscombe | [
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acf-regs25-1-8 | This reaction is the basis for a modification that uses electron-deficient reagents in a mixture of KHMDS and 18-crown-6. Semi-stabilized aryl reagents in this reaction do not achieve stereoselectivity, unlike stabilized ester or unstabilized alkyl reagents. Maryanoff and Reitz coined the term “stereochemical drift” to describe the interconversion of betaine intermediates in this reaction, which can be controlled using the Schlosser modification. A modification of this reaction that uses carbanion reagents to preferentially synthesize E products was proposed by Leopold Horner. In lithium-free conditions, this reaction proceeds via a four-atom oxaphosphetane intermediate. For 10 points, name this reaction that uses a triphenyl phosphonium ylide reagent to convert a carbonyl group into an alkene. | Wittig (“VIT-ig”) reaction [or Wittig olefination; prompt on Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction until “Horner” is read] | Wittig reaction | [
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acf-regs25-1-9 | This government reserved seats in its parliament for military officials through a policy often translated as “dual function.” This government’s Aspri group of advisors was disbanded after a riot reacting to a state visit by the Japanese prime minister, known as the Malari incident. This government held the “Act of Free Choice” plebiscite to circumvent the New York Agreement and annex an eastern region. The Supersemar granted this government’s eventual leader authority to suppress the PKI. This government developed free-market economic policies under the guidance of the “Berkeley Mafia.” The Petition of Fifty protested this government’s abuse of their “single principle” of Pancasila. For 10 points, give the common term for the Indonesian government that followed Sukarno’s “Guided Democracy” period. | New Order [or Orde Baru; accept Orba; accept Suharto’s government; prompt on Indonesian government until read by asking “under what leader?”] | New Order | [
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acf-regs25-1-10 | In this song’s music video, the artist C-walks down a hopscotch court after delivering one of its punchlines. After the release of this song, fans created fake Google locations in the Bridle Path neighborhood. The music video for this song teased a snippet of “squabble up” that notes “woke up, lookin’ for the broccoli.” An artist sued his own label, UMG, claiming they artificially boosted the popularity of this song. DeMar DeRozan joined a performance of this song that concluded The Pop Out concert in Inglewood. This song claims a man is “not a colleague,” but a “colonizer.” This song, which begins with the artist whispering “I see dead people,” was released just a day after “Meet the Grahams” and “Family Matters.” For 10 points, what hit from Kendrick Lamar’s feud with Drake repeats its title after the word “they?” | “Not Like Us” | “Not Like Us” | [
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acf-regs25-1-11 | David Matthews completed a fragment of a cello concerto by this composer for the piece Dark Pastoral. A Concerto Grosso by this composer splits the orchestra into three sections based on skill. The soloist enters on the rapid notes “C, E-flat, F, E-flat, sustained F” at the start of a concerto written by this composer for Philip Catelinet. This composer used biblical verses from the Song of Solomon to title the movements of a piece for viola, wordless chorus, and orchestra. The first tuba concerto in the standard repertoire is by this composer, who also wrote the six-movement orchestral suite Flos Campi. A solo violin plays ascending trills to imitate the title animal in a short romance by this composer inspired by a George Meredith poem. For 10 points, name this composer of The Lark Ascending. | Ralph Vaughan Williams (“rafe von Williams”) [accept RVW; prompt on Williams] | Ralph Vaughan Williams | [
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acf-regs25-1-12 | These visual elements were drawn on an artist’s body and face in the 1998 piece 1/2 and the 2000 piece Family Tree. Four of these visual elements make up the rightmost section of the painting The Remaining Mountain. A goose-loving artist drew these elements using a set of “eight principles.” These elements make up an artwork that immortalizes a drinking contest at the “Orchard Pavilion.” In the 1980s, an artist made 4,000 carvings that resemble these elements for his installation A Book From the Sky. Artists often train by copying a thousand of these elements that comprise a “classic” set drawn by Wang Xizhi, who used the “four treasures of study” to draw them in styles like “regular” and “semi-cursive.” For 10 points, name these symbols stroked with ink in Chinese calligraphy. | Chinese characters [or Chinese letters; accept Chinese words or Chinese names; accept zì or Hànzì or kanji or Hanja or Hancha or Hán tự; accept sinograms or Chinese logograms; accept Chinese calligraphy until read; accept Chinese text or Chinese writing; prompt on text, writing, or scripts; prompt on scrolls by asking “what was drawn on the scrolls?”] (The two performance pieces are by Zhang Huan. The Remaining Mountain is the first half of the painting Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains. Wang Xizhi drew on the “Eight Principles of Yong” and is sometimes credited with composing the Thousand Character Classic. A Book From the Sky is by Xu Bing.) | Chinese characters | [
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acf-regs25-1-13 | A resolution introduced by a senator from this family created the Pujo Committee to investigate a “money trust.” A coast-to-coast mail route between Los Angeles and New York was frequented by a member of this family who was a postal worker after World War I. A woman who married into this family wrote the pro-fascist text The Wave of the Future to support her husband’s lobbying for a US–German peace treaty. A politician from this family was compared to Goebbels by FDR in a speech blaming Jews for endorsing war against Germany at an America First Committee rally. In 1932, a member of this family was the victim of Bruno Hauptmann’s “Crime of the Century.” For 10 points, name this family of that kidnapped baby and his father, who flew the Spirit of St. Louis. | Lindbergh [accept Charles Augustus Lindbergh; accept the Lindbergh baby; accept Carl Månsson; accept Anne Morrow Lindbergh] | Lindbergh | [
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acf-regs25-1-14 | In a fully ionized plasma, this phenomenon is proportional to ion velocity times the square of the Larmor radius, which produces a one-half-power dependence on electron temperature. The KPP equation is a one-dimensional form of a system in which this phenomenon is represented by a diagonal matrix multiplying a Laplacian term that is paired with a local reaction term. A term representing this phenomenon is added to an advective flux term in an equation named for drift and this phenomenon. This phenomenon’s coefficient is proportional to temperature and mobility, as identified by Einstein. The flux of this phenomenon is proportional to a concentration gradient by Fick’s laws. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which particles move from high to low concentrations. | diffusion [accept diffusivity or diffusive flux; accept reaction–diffusion system; accept convection–diffusion equation or drift–diffusion equation] | diffusion | [
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acf-regs25-1-15 | This economist wrote that the case for government intervention “cannot become more than a prima facie one” until agencies “intervene advantageously,” presaging public choice arguments. John Maynard Keynes argued against a work by this economist, whose title Theory of Unemployment is frictional or voluntary. A phenomenon named for this economist, in which consumption rises because deflation increases real wealth, is also called the “real balance effect.” The optimal value of a policy named for this economist occurs when marginal social cost intersects marginal social benefit. This Cambridge economist names a policy used to correct outcomes from water pollution and carbon emissions. For 10 points, name this economist whose namesake taxes mitigate negative externalities. | A. C. Pigou (“PIG-oo”) [or Arthur Cecil Pigou; accept Pigou effect; accept Pigouvian taxes] | A. C. Pigou | [
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acf-regs25-1-16 | A poem by this author describes a “man and woman daunsinge, signifying matrimonie,” quoting an ancestor’s work, The Boke Named The Governour. Another poem by this author moves from an empty pool in a rose garden to a “place of disaffection,” the London Underground. A personal motto of Mary, Queen of Scots ends a poem by this author titled for a village that now holds his ashes. This author drew on his upbringing in St. Louis in a poem that evokes the Mississippi River as a “strong brown god.” A set of poems by this author includes the opening lines, “time present and time past / are both perhaps present in time future” and “in my beginning is my end.” For 10 points, name this poet who included “The Dry Salvages” and “Burnt Norton” in the collection Four Quartets. | T. S. Eliot [or Thomas Stearns Eliot] (The Boke Named the Governour is by Thomas Elyot, a distant ancestor of Eliot.) | T. S. Eliot | [
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acf-regs25-1-17 | A five-stage archaeological sequence of styles composed primarily of objects from this polity was proposed by Max Loehr. A royal consort from this polity, whose head was later hung from a white flag to indicate that she had led to its downfall, supposedly prompted her husband to create a torture method involving walking over a greased metal beam heated with coal. After losing a battle, this polity’s final ruler committed suicide at the Deer Terrace Pavilion, which was legendarily home to excesses of meat and wine. The tomb of Fù Hǎo, a queen and general from this polity, was excavated in Ānyáng. The Hòumǔwù dǐng bronze vessel was found at this dynasty’s last capital, Yīn. This dynasty fell after the Battle of Mùyě in 1046 BCE. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty preceded by the Xià and succeeded by the Zhōu. | Shāng dynasty [or Shāng cháo; accept Yīn dynasty or Yīn dài until “Yīn” is read; prompt on Èrlǐtóu or Èrlǐgǎng by asking “what dynasty?”] (Max Loehr presented a sequence of bronze styles. Dájǐ was the consort of Zhòu of Shāng.) | Shāng dynasty | [
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"Shāng cháo",
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acf-regs25-1-18 | Changes in this quantity are associated with changes in radar reflectivity in a form of interferometry whose control variables are “persistent scatterers.” Measurements of this quantity standardized to the GTOPO30 system have since been improved by the ASTER instrument. Techniques like IfSAR and InSAR are used to obtain image representations of this quantity called DEMs. Temperature gradients relative to this quantity in dry and moist air parcels define the adiabatic lapse rate. High values of latitude and this quantity form the “tree line” of a habitat. Constant values of this quantity are represented by contour lines on topographic maps. For 10 points, what quantity is defined as zero at sea level? | elevation [accept altitude or height] | elevation | [
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acf-regs25-1-19 | A variant of this tradition that places its central figure as the highest of the “fourteen gods” was founded in the same region as an ancient site associated with this tradition, Unakoti. This tradition historically developed from two paths, the “outer path” and the “path of mantras.” Lakulisha founded a variant of this tradition whose adherents engage in odd behavior to attract public disapproval, called the Pāshupata school. It’s not bhakti, but the Tirumurai hymns were composed by 63 saints of this tradition known as the Nayanars. Adherents of this tradition wear the tripundra, which consists of three horizontal lines of ash on the forehead. This tradition’s central figure is represented by a pillar-like symbol called a lingam. For 10 points, name this tradition that worships the “Destroyer” of the Hindu Trimurti. | Shaivism [or word forms like Shaivites; accept answers describing worship of Shiva; accept Pāshupata Shaivism; prompt on Hinduism until “Hindu” is read] (The “fourteen gods” refer to Chaturdasa Devata in Tripura. The paths in the second line refer to atimarga and mantramarga.) | Shaivism | [
"word forms like Shaivites",
"Shaivism",
"Shaivite",
"Pāshupata Shaivism",
"answers describing worship of Shiva",
"Shiv"
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acf-regs25-1-20 | In a Thomas Kinsella poem titled for one of these objects, the speaker feels a chattering “at my ear” upon visiting his grandmother’s deathbed. The narrator notes parenthetically that he heard some of these objects in the last line of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s “The Blessed Damozel.” These objects title a poem that mentions periods “Dear as remember’d kisses after death.” In the last stanza of Dylan Thomas’s “Do not go gentle into that good night,” the speaker asks his father to “curse, bless, me now” with “fierce” objects of this type. In a poem excerpted from the longer poem The Princess, the speaker says “I know not what [these objects] mean” before repeatedly invoking “the days that are no more.” For 10 points, name these objects that are “idle” in the title of a mournful Tennyson poem. | tears [or teardrops; accept “Tears, Idle Tears”] | tears | [
"tears",
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acf-regs25-2-1 | During this war, the Spanish diplomat Diego de Gardoqui lent his home to Catholic dignitaries such as Thomas Fitzsimmons. José Solano y Bote commanded a squadron during this war after the Spanish capture of Fort Bute. To provide arms to a side in this conflict, Luis de Unzaga created Roderigue Hortalez and Company with Pierre Beaumarchais, who conducted business with Silas Deane. Bernardo de Gálvez led the siege of Pensacola in this war’s Gulf Coast campaign. Spain provided gold to the victors of a battle in this conflict in which the Comte de Grasse provided naval assistance. During this war, Charles III sent livestock to a commander at Mount Vernon. For 10 points, name this war in which Spain provided funding during the Battle of Yorktown. | American Revolution [or American Revolutionary War; or American War of Independence] | American Revolution | [
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"American",
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|
acf-regs25-2-2 | The speaker of a poem in this collection bemoans the “happy highways where I went / And cannot come again” after invoking a “land of lost content”. In another poem in this collection, a character commands “noisy bells” to “be dumb” after his lover dies as snow falls on Bredon Hill. A tree in this collection “stands about the woodland ride / Wearing white for Eastertide.” A speaker in this collection ignores the advice of a “wise man” who says “Give pearls away and rubies / But keep your fancy free.” The nostalgic poems “1887” and “Loveliest of trees, the cherry now” open this 1919 collection, which drew on its author’s childhood in a West Midlands county. For 10 points, “When I Was One-and-Twenty” appears in what debut collection by A. E. Housman? | A Shropshire Lad (The first poem is “Into my heart an air that kills.”) | A Shropshire Lad | [
"A Shropshire Lad",
"Shropshire Lad"
] | The first poem is “Into my heart an air that kills.” | [
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acf-regs25-2-3 | A virtuosic A minor sonata for this group of instruments was written for Queen Elisabeth of Belgium. Students often perform from a set of 44 works for this group of instruments by Bartók. A concerto opens with this group of instruments in fugue playing a theme beginning with the sixteenth-note run “D E F G A, up to eighth-note D.” Piano accompanies this group of instruments in a Sarasate piece inspired by his birthplace of Navarre. Six B2TSM music videos were released in 2024 as a send-off for an Australian YouTube channel whose name references this group of instruments. Bach’s D minor concerto for this pair of instruments was performed in 1905 by Fritz Kreisler and Eugène Ysaÿe. For 10 points, what pair of instruments are joined by viola and cello in a string quartet? | two violins [accept violin duo or violin AND violin or equivalents; accept TwoSet Violin; prompt on violins by asking “how many?”; reject “violin”] (The first clue is about Ysaÿe’s Sonata for Two Violins.) | two violins | [
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"violin duo",
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acf-regs25-2-4 | Shot noise in the detector of this technique induces a standard deviation in its main output T proportional to the square root of T times T plus one. In this technique, using the octant rule to predict the Cotton effect can distinguish enantiomers through circular dichroism. Potassium dichromate is a calibration standard for this technique. Using this technique, the purity of a DNA or RNA mixture is characterized by the 260 to 280 ratio. This technique’s input value for a highly conjugated compound can be estimated by applying the Woodward–Fieser rules. This technique’s primary measurement equals the product of concentration, the path length of a cuvette, and the molar extinction coefficient, by the Beer–Lambert law. For 10 points, name this technique that tracks the absorbance of a sample with respect to low wavelengths. | ultraviolet spectroscopy [or ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy or UV spectroscopy or UV/Vis spectroscopy; accept spectrophotometry; prompt on spectroscopy] | ultraviolet spectroscopy | [
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acf-regs25-2-5 | This thinker claimed that God created the world instantaneously rather than over the course of six days in the work The Literal Meaning of Genesis. This thinker quoted Ticonius’s seven rules of interpretation in a work that argued for using signs to properly teach scripture. This thinker influenced Wesleyan–Arminian theology with his distinction between “prevenient” and “operative” grace, which he used to justify predestination. The theologian Pelagius was condemned for denying this thinker’s conception of original sin. This author of On Christian Doctrine and On the Trinity originated the term “just war” in a book contrasting an “earthly” realm with a metaphysical “heavenly” realm. For 10 points, name this theologian who wrote The City of God and Confessions. | Augustine of Hippo [or Saint Augustine] | Augustine of Hippo | [
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acf-regs25-2-6 | A ruler of this dynasty legendarily discovered the Coronation Gospels in a tomb where a ghost cursed him to die without any heirs. The first ruler of this dynasty briefly married the then-nun Hatheburg of Merseburg, causing their son Thankmar to be of questionable legitimacy, before remarrying the queen St. Matilda. The Liber Tertius recounting the rise of this dynasty was written by its contemporary Hrotvistha of Gandersheim. A ruler of this dynasty shared power with his canonized wife Adelaide of Italy. The East Francian king Henry the Fowler fathered the namesake of this dynasty, who defeated the Magyars at the 955 Battle of Lechfeld and revived a title first given to Charlemagne. For 10 points, name this first German dynasty to rule the Holy Roman Empire. | Ottonian dynasty [or Ottonen; accept Saxon dynasty or Ludolfing dynasty] | Ottonian dynasty | [
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acf-regs25-2-7 | The ideas of Kant, Heisenberg, and this author are considered in parallel in William Egginton’s book The Rigor of Angels. A character created by this author is irritated that the “dog of three-fourteen” “seen in profile” and the “dog of three-fifteen, seen frontally” are indicated by the same noun. This author may have anticipated the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics via a story in which a prisoner telegraphs the location of an artillery park by shooting a man. This author wrote a story about a boy who is unable to generalize after falling from a horse and gaining perfect memory. In a story by this author, the German spy Yu Tsun learns that his ancestor’s unfinished novel and labyrinth are one and the same. For 10 points, name this author of “Funes the Memorious” and “The Garden of Forking Paths.” | Jorge Luis Borges (“BOR-hess”) | Jorge Luis Borges | [
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acf-regs25-2-8 | After his death, one of these places housed the body of the African-born Viennese Freemason Angelo Soliman. Ferrante Imperato created a woodcut of one of these places, another of which was set up at Roman College by Athanasius Kircher. Narwhal tusks were popular in these places, such as one kept by Danish polymath Ole Worm. A film titled for one of these places is linked to Hitler’s rise in the title of a book by Siegfried Kracauer, used painted sets with pointy forms, and ends with the twist that Franzis is in an asylum. These places name “wonder-rooms” of natural oddities that predated museums, which were called these places “of curiosities.” For 10 points, a 1920 German Expressionist horror film is titled for what sort of place “of Dr. Caligari”? | cabinets [accept cabinet of curiosities or cabinet of curiosity; accept curiosity cabinet; accept The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari or Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari; accept Wunderkammer or Kunstkammer; prompt on wonder-rooms or museums until read] | cabinets | [
"cabinet of curiosities",
"cabinet curiosities",
"Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari",
"cabinet",
"kammer",
"Cabinet",
"cabinet curiosity",
"curiosity cabinet",
"The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari",
"curiosities",
"Wunderkammer",
"cabinet of curiosity",
"Kunstkammer",
"curiosity",
"cabinets"
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acf-regs25-2-9 | Systems that admit low-cost implementations of these constructs may be described as “embarrassingly easy.” Hybrid implementations of these constructs may be described as “M:N” systems, where M is the number of these constructs being mapped and N is the number of virtual processors. Two operations commonly used when implementing these constructs are denoted P and V, based on two Dutch terms. “Pools” of these constructs consist of “workers” waiting to be allocated to tasks. Issues of synchronization between these constructs are illustrated by the dining philosophers problem. Unlike another construct, these constructs share heap memory, which can cause race conditions when modified at different times. For 10 points, name these smallest units of execution for a process that allow for parallel computation. | threads [accept multithreading; accept processes until “processors” is read; prompt on parallel or concurrent architectures until “parallel” is read] | threads | [
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acf-regs25-2-10 | An article analogizes evidence for a form of this ideology to leaving a room with scratches from a black cat on one’s arm. That “embedded” form of this ideology was discussed in an article by John Ruggie about the “Postwar Economic Order.” In a Stephen Walt essay, a system described by this ideology in the context of the international order is considered “bound to fail.” A theory named for this ideology’s adjectival form was described in After Hegemony by Robert Keohane and extended by Joseph Nye. A process named for this ideology involves reducing government involvement within industry, leading to increased privatization. For 10 points, laissez-faire capitalism associated with Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman is part of what political ideology’s “neo” form? | liberalism [accept liberalization; accept embedded liberalism; accept neoliberalism; accept liberal constructivism] | liberalism | [
"liberalization",
"liberal constructivism",
"neoliberalism",
"embedded liberalism",
"liberalism",
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acf-regs25-2-11 | Members of the genus Roridula exhibit a borderline form of this process that involves symbiosis with species of assassin bugs. This process was first detailed in an 1875 book by Charles Darwin describing years of experiments studying activity in the Drosera genus. Organisms in the genuses Utricularia and Dionaea have evolved a thigmonastic response to aid this process. The cost–benefit model posits that modifications for this process explain why it is only observed in sunny, moist, and nutrient poor areas. A method for performing this process used by Nepenthes jamban involves a combination of sticky mucilage and a pool of enzymes. “Lobster-pot” and “pitfall” traps are used by some species exhibiting this behavior. For 10 points, name this method of deriving nutrients used by the Venus flytrap. | plant carnivory [accept carnivore or carnivorous plants; accept insectivore or word forms; accept descriptions of plants eating meat or insects or animals; prompt on eating or digestion; prompt on tropism or movement by asking “what behavior are they engaging in by moving?”; prompt on trapping or attracting insects or animals until “traps” is read] (The Charles Darwin book is Insectivorous Plants.) | plant carnivory | [
"insects",
"descriptions of plants eating meat",
"insect",
"carnivore",
"insectivore",
"carnivorous plants",
"animal",
"plant carnivory",
"eating meat",
"carnivory",
"animals",
"word forms",
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acf-regs25-2-12 | In a film by this director, the song “Strong as I Am” plays as a serial killer tells a blind woman that “Francis is gone forever.” The lead actor learned safe-cracking for a film by this director with an electronic score by Tangerine Dream. In 2022, Meg Gardiner and this director wrote a novel as a sequel to one of his films. This director of Manhunter and Thief pioneered digital cameras on a film whose silver-haired antagonist asks, “yo homie, is that my briefcase?” before killing men who mugged a taxi driver. A showdown near an airport ends a three-hour epic by this showrunner of Miami Vice. That 1991 film by this director, known for its realistic gunfire between bank robbers and LAPD officers, stars Robert De Niro and Al Pacino. For 10 points, name this director of the neo-noir crime films Collateral and Heat. | Michael Mann [or Michael Kenneth Mann] (The novel is Heat 2.) | Michael Mann | [
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acf-regs25-2-13 | In one story, this figure is attacked by a massive three-horned beast called the Odontotyrannos, or “tooth-tyrant.” This figure’s servant Andreas loses a fish while in the Land of Darkness but subsequently discovers the Water of Life. Hoping to breed a race of strong children, the Amazonian queen Thalestris brought 300 women to this figure. According to Plutarch, a priest at a temple mispronounced the Greek for “my son” while meeting with this figure, who is sometimes depicted with two horns. Plutarch claims that since Artemis was attending to this ruler’s birth, her temple at Ephesus burnt down on the same day. An object connecting an ox to a tree was cut in half by this ruler. For 10 points, the Gordian Knot was severed by what Macedonian conqueror of the Achaemenid Empire? | Alexander the Great [or Alexander III of Macedon; or Alexandros III; prompt on Alexander or Alexandros] | Alexander the Great | [
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acf-regs25-2-14 | An “epistemic add-on” to this problem was posed in a paper that uses the example of Commander Data’s trial in a Star Trek episode. This problem is “about the performance of functions” like reportability and requires an “extra ingredient,” in contrast to a related problem about functions themselves, according to a paper “Facing Up to” both. A garage rock band lends its name to a view supported by Colin McGinn that this problem is unsolvable by humans, called new mysterianism. The “explanatory gap” refers to the difficulty of physicalist models in solving this problem, the name for which was coined by David Chalmers. For 10 points, name this problem in the philosophy of mind that asks how neurological processes give rise to subjective experience. | hard problem of consciousness [prompt on the problem of consciousness or descriptions; prompt on explanatory gap until read] (The paper in the first sentence is “The Harder Problem of Consciousness” by Ned Block, and the paper in the second sentence is “Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness” by David Chalmers.) | hard problem of consciousness | [
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acf-regs25-2-15 | The right side of a painting of this person features a large cabinet referencing the story of Cornelia, as well as a young boy pulling back a green cloth from an empty cradle. A portrait of this person “with a Rose” was repainted to show this person in more formal attire. In a painting located in the Uffizi’s Vasari Corridor, an artist in a red sash and white hat holds a palette while painting this person. That artist, who worked for and frequently painted this person, also painted a Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat. A biopic of this woman by Sofia Coppola portrays her signature “pouf” and the extravagant creations, such as a model ship, that were made for her hair. For 10 points, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun painted many portraits of what wife of Louis XVI? | Marie Antoinette [or Marie Antoinette Josèphe Jeanne; or Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; prompt on Marie or Antoinette] | Marie Antoinette | [
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acf-regs25-2-16 | The narrator describes a river that has “two shores: / the one in hell, the other / in [this US state]” in a poem titled for a neighboring state’s “Oldest Whorehouse.” Sons who “grow suicidally beautiful” appear in a poem titled “Autumn Begins in” a town in this state. This was the home state of the poet of The Branch Will Not Break, James Wright, who contributed to a literary magazine founded at a college in this state by John Crowe Ransom. In a story, a teacher’s tendency to caress his students forces him to flee to this state and change his name from Adolph Myers. Wing Biddlebaum appears in a collection set in this state introduced as a “Book of the Grotesque.” For 10 points, the story “Hands” appears in a Sherwood Anderson collection set in what state’s fictional town of Winesburg? | Ohio [or OH; accept Winesburg, Ohio] (The magazine is The Kenyon Review.) | Ohio | [
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acf-regs25-2-17 | A primary source marvels at this ruler’s poetic quoting of the line “Tis by the hand of the mighty Aeneas you perish” when executing an opponent, as this ruler was a so-called “military man.” A column erroneously known as “Pompey’s Pillar” honors this ruler as polioúchos of Alexandria, the city where he defeated Aurelius Achilleus. The final section of the Historia Augusta records this ruler’s killing of Aper after the death of Numerian. This ruler reformed his empire by grouping new, smaller provinces into a system of twelve dioceses. The destruction of a church in Nicomedia in 303 CE began the Great Persecution instituted by this ruler, who also issued the ineffective Edict on Maximum Prices. For 10 points, name this emperor who co-ruled with Maximian before establishing the Tetrarchy. | Diocletian [or Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus; or Diokletianós; accept Diocles; prompt on Jovius] (The first sentence refers to Diocletian’s killing of Aper in the Historia Augusta.) | Diocletian | [
"Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus",
"Diocles",
"Diocletian",
"Diocletianus",
"Diokletianós"
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acf-regs25-2-18 | This particle is the heaviest theorized to occur in a stable three-particle mixture proposed by Bodler and Witten. The “eta–eta-prime puzzle” concerns two composite particles with different numbers of this particle. Pair production of this particle occurring from gluon fusion is used to determine the formation of QGPs. This particle occurs in the lightest lambda baryons. Electric charge and a property characterizing this particle were proposed to describe the “eightfold way” classification of mesons and hadrons. This fundamental particle is the lightest to have an isospin of zero. The unusually long lifetime of kaons is due to this particle, since they consist of one of these second-generation particles along with an up or down quark. For 10 points, name this quark paired with charm. | strange quark [or sideways quark; accept strangeness or strange matter or strangelets; accept s quark; reject “squark”] | strange quark | [
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acf-regs25-2-19 | Letters between members of this family make up the second half of the memoir 491 Days, the amount of time one of them spent in solitary confinement. A member of this family stated that “with our boxes of matches and our necklaces, we shall liberate this country,” which was seen as endorsing extrajudicial killings called necklacings. Jerry Richardson led a group of violent bodyguards of a member of this family that killed teenage activist Stompie Seipei, known as [this family’s] “United Football Club.” A member of this family referenced the Sharpeville massacre in a speech in which he claimed a “democratic and free society” is “an ideal for which I am prepared to die,” which was delivered during the Rivonia Trial. For 10 points, name this family of Winnie and the first president of South Africa, Nelson. | Mandela family [accept Nelson Mandela; accept Winnie Madikizela-Mandela; accept Mandela United Football Club; prompt on Winnie Madikizela or Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela by asking “into what family did she marry?”] | Mandela family | [
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acf-regs25-2-20 | The oppressive heat of the setting of this play is mentioned in a scene where a character angrily discards a fan with red and green flowers. While holding a lamb like a baby, a senile character in this play declares her intent to get married by the seashore. A character in this play claims to be playing a joke when a photograph of a man is found hidden in her bed. This play’s second act concludes as a woman is beaten to death offstage for killing the baby she conceived out of wedlock. The male suitor Pepe el Romano never appears onstage in this play, whose cast only has female characters. This play ends with the title character demanding silence after learning that Adela has hanged herself. For 10 points, the title matriarch oppresses her daughters in what play by Federico García Lorca? | The House of Bernarda Alba [or La Casa de Bernarda Alba] | The House of Bernarda Alba | [
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acf-regs25-3-1 | A priest of this ethnicity from Negovan was killed for using his native language during a liturgy. A brigand leader of this ethnicity from Telepana ruled a large, virtually independent state from Yanina. People of this ethnicity adopted the Kanun of the Mountains, which permitted people assigned female at birth to adopt the male societal role of “sworn virgin.” A 1912 revolt led to an independent principality for this ethnic group led by Ismail Qemali. Intellectuals of this ethnicity organized the League of Prizren after the Treaty of San Stefano. A king of this ethnicity developed a salute with a flat hand to the heart, survived 55 assassination attempts, and fled his country after its 1939 invasion by Benito Mussolini. For 10 points, name this Balkan ethnicity ruled by King Zog. | Albanians [accept Kosovars; accept shqip] (The leader in the second line is Ali Pasha of Ioannina.) | Albanians | [
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acf-regs25-3-2 | A surah named for this event is the only one to mention the “people of Iram” who had “lofty pillars.” A later surah named for this event condemns a soothsayer’s cursing technique of tying and spitting into a knot; that surah is often grouped with an-Nas as the final two surahs of the Qur’an. A now-outdated Islamic practice involved a drummer known as a mesaharati walking the streets directly prior to this event. A verse from al-Baqarah analogizes this time to a “white thread” that is distinguished from a “black thread.” The second adhan for a prayer recited at this time often includes the phrase “prayer is better than sleep.” The suḥūr meal is eaten directly before this time, during which the fajr prayer is recited. For 10 points, name this time of day at which fasting begins during Ramadan. | dawn [or daybreak; or break of day; accept sunrise; accept fajr until read; accept al-Falaq; prompt on suḥūr until read by asking “what time follows that?”; prompt on morning or day; prompt on first adhan by asking “that occurs at what time?”] (The first line is from al-Fajr.) | dawn | [
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acf-regs25-3-3 | Ancient views of this concept’s “secrets” are divided into Promethean and Orphic attitudes in Pierre Hadot’s The Veil of Isis. The Sophists were among those who debated the roles of this concept and nomos, or “law.” Aristotle wrote in De Anima that this concept “does nothing in vain.” An aphorism by Heraclitus claims that this concept “loves to hide.” In a poem titled for this concept, a winged chariot takes the narrator to a goddess who describes the “Way of Truth” and the “Way of Opinion.” This concept titles the major fragmentary texts by several pre-Socratics, including Heraclitus and Parmenides. Aristotle is often credited with introducing the idea that this concept “abhors a vacuum.” For 10 points, in the Latin title of a work by Lucretius, what concept follows “De rerum”? | nature [or physis; or phusis; or physeis; or natura; accept De rerum natura or On the Nature of Things] | nature | [
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acf-regs25-3-4 | Donald Tovey describes the “vision of dry bones” in this symphony’s finale, which he analyzes in terms of “a Bass, a Tune, and a Fugue.” In the seventh bar of this symphony, violins enter with syncopated G’s floating above a sustained C-sharp in the cellos resolving up to D. A piece inspired by this one that uses hubcaps and brake drums as found percussion was written by Tán Dùn as an “Internet Symphony.” At a rehearsal for this symphony, Ferdinand Ries mistakenly berated a horn player for starting the first movement recapitulation early. Two isolated E-flat major chords open this symphony, whose second movement is an unusually long funeral march. For 10 points, name this early Romantic symphony that bears a retracted dedication to Napoleon. | Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3 [or Eroica Symphony or Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 55 by Ludwig van Beethoven; accept the Sinfonia Eroica or Heroic Symphony] | Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3 | [
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acf-regs25-3-5 | Filigree edges in these things are disconnected rather than removed to efficiently construct them in the “meta” version of a “St. Petersburg” tool. Breakpoint graphs identify synteny blocks and rearrangements in these things. The SPAdes tool builds these things using de Bruijn graphs of k-mers for de novo assembly. The program MiniMap2 chains minimizers in these things to address quadratic slowdown in the Smith–Waterman algorithm. The Bowtie package uses a Burrows–Wheeler transform to align these things. Eugene Myers helped develop a search tool for these things called BLAST, and advocated for a “shotgun” method to map them, which can also be done using techniques developed by Illumina and Sanger. For 10 points, Celera competed with a project to identify the human version of what entities representing an organism’s genetic material? | genomes [accept DNA sequences or nucleic acid sequences or nucleotide sequences or genetic sequences or RNA sequences or protein sequences or polypeptide sequences; accept or DNA sequencing or RNA sequencing or protein sequencing; accept sequence alignments or alignments; accept BLAST until read; accept Human Genome Project; prompt on strings or queries or letters or words or text; prompt on DNA or RNA or genes or promoters or codons or proteins or polypeptides or nucleotides or nucleic acids by asking “what kind of data structures can be used to represent them?”] | genomes | [
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acf-regs25-3-6 | One of these works asks “Is not a patron one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?” An early example of travel literature made up of these works and titled for the “Turkish Embassy” was written by Mary Wortley Montagu. Lord Chesterfield, whose own collection of works in this form instructs his son on gentlemanly behavior, was the target of a polemical one of them by Samuel Johnson. During the Age of Enlightenment, European intellectuals were connected by the circulation of these works in a community called “the republic of” these things. The French term for “good writing,” when rendered in English, names “men of” these documents. For 10 points, what sort of documents comprise epistolary novels? | letters [or epistles or correspondences; accept Republic of Letters; accept Letter to Chesterfield; accept men of letters; accept belle-lettres; accept Turkish Embassy Letters; accept Letters to His Son] | letters | [
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acf-regs25-3-7 | Some sources claim that this musician’s popular version of a Hungarian piano tune was banned by the BBC due to its tendency to induce suicidal feelings in listeners. NASA’s final transmission to the Opportunity rover was this musician’s version of “I’ll Be Seeing You.” Domestic issues inspired this musician to write the songs “Don’t Explain” and “Fine and Mellow.” The refrain “Mama may have, Papa may have” appears in a song this singer co-wrote with Arthur Herzog. This singer was briefly the vocalist for the big bands of Artie Shaw and Count Basie and gave the nickname “Prez” to Lester Young. This singer popularized a song whose lyrics describe “blood on the leaves and blood at the root.” For 10 points, “God Bless the Child” and “Strange Fruit” are songs by what singer what singer nicknamed “Lady Day”? | Billie Holiday [or Eleanora Fagan] (The Hungarian piano tune is “Gloomy Sunday,” which Holiday’s version popularized in the Anglosphere.) | Billie Holiday | [
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acf-regs25-3-8 | In a story by this author, a woman returns from a movie to find her brother passed out drunk beside her son taking a bath. A photojournalist dies in a tsunami in this author’s story “Going Ashore,” which appears in a collection by this author titled for a phrase from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Custom-House.” A 103-year-old woman created by this author breaks her hip after falling off a bench and exclaims “She’s a perfect lady!” upon meeting a former tenant’s wife. In that story by this author, the protagonist is forced to praise America’s landing on the moon as “Splendid.” This author of Unaccustomed Earth wrote a story in which Rohin defines the title word as “loving someone you don’t know.” For 10 points, name this author who included “Sexy” in her collection Interpreter of Maladies. | Jhumpa Lahiri [or Nilanjana Sudeshna Lahiri] (The story in the first sentence is “Only Goodness.” The story in the third and fourth sentences is “The Third and Final Continent.”) | Jhumpa Lahiri | [
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acf-regs25-3-9 | A class of interactions partially named for these structures studied by Dougherty and Gallivan depends on inverse distance to a power less than 2. An interaction named for these structures is described by the controversial Hunter–Sanders model, which explains the effect of EWGs and EDGs on quadrupoles. That interaction named for these structures occurs in “T-shaped” and “parallel displaced” orientations. Electrons in a metal can stabilize a vacant adjacent orbital in an interaction named for these structures that commonly occurs with CO ligands. Instances of these structures have orthogonal orientations in allenes and cumulenes. Parallel instances of these structures mix in conjugated systems. For 10 points, name these structures that arise due to the parallel overlap of p orbitals. | pi (“pie”) bonds [or pi orbitals; accept pi-systems, pi–pi stacking, pi backbonding, or cation–pi interactions; prompt on bonds; prompt on double bonds or triple bonds or alkenes or alkynes or arenes] | pi bonds | [
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acf-regs25-3-10 | One event that precipitated this historical period was a four-month labor dispute between miners and the Denver-based Johns-Manville Company. Reforms during this period were influenced by an educational treatise called The Impertinences of Brother Anonymous. A party elected at the start of this period used the slogan “now or never / masters in our own house.” Politicians dubbed the “three wise men” covered an event that laid the groundwork for this period, the Asbestos strike, in the newspaper Le Devoir. This period countered the preceding “Great Darkness,” during which religious conservatism was enacted by Maurice Duplessis. For 10 points, the 1960 election of Jean Lesage has traditionally been considered the start of what period of upheaval and social restructuring in Quebec? | Quiet Revolution [or Révolution tranquille; accept Silent Revolution; prompt on descriptions of a political revolution in Quebec or equivalents until read] | Quiet Revolution | [
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acf-regs25-3-11 | A poem set during one of these events compares the addressee to a monkey throwing a javelin from the back of a goat, and ends by claiming that enduring poor treatment during these events is akin to “not flinching from the whip.” A discussion of bathing habits at one of these events turns into an exhaustive recollection of the life of Chrysanthus. One of these events overseen by Virro is the subject of Juvenal’s fifth Satire. A quote from one of these events is the source of the epigraph to The Waste Land, in which the Sibyl of Cumae says, “I want to die.” Attendees of one of these events swap stories about werewolves and witches, while slaves bring out objects resembling Zodiac signs. That one of these events is attended by the narrator Encolpius. For 10 points, the Satyricon features what sort of event hosted by Trimalchio? | dinner parties [or cena; or banquets; or feasts; accept epula or convivia; prompt on parties or meals] | dinner parties | [
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acf-regs25-3-12 | This politician contracted hepatitis from a vaccine the White House gave him before a trip to South America, where he discussed grain distribution as Food For Peace director. This politician quipped, “I’ve got a secret for you. Kiss my ass” after being heckled in Battle Creek. In a speech, this politician said, “This chamber reeks of blood,” in addressing opponents to an appropriations bill cosponsored by Mark Hatfield. During one campaign, this politician noted he was “1,000 percent behind” his running mate, who confessed to undergoing electroshock therapy. This politician was forced to drop his running mate Thomas Eagleton, whom he replaced with Sargent Shriver. For 10 points, name this South Dakota Senator who only won Massachusetts and D.C. in his 1972 campaign against Richard Nixon. | George McGovern [or George Stanley McGovern] | George McGovern | [
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acf-regs25-3-13 | One of these quantities is divided by the flexural rigidity in the integrand of a theorem developed by Mohr. The signs of these quantities determine whether a structure undergoes “hogging” or “sagging.” One of these quantities is defined as a resultant internal couple and is typically plotted alongside shear in a structural design setup. These quantities are defined as the product of another quantity and some power of distance and include a “bending” type. Another of these quantities, which defines a rank-2 tensor appearing in the Euler equations, is invariant along an axis under the “stretch rule.” For 10 points, name these quantities that describe the distribution of another quantity relative to a fixed reference point, such as the analogue of mass in rotational dynamics called one “of inertia.” | moments [accept moment of inertia or bending moment; reject “momentum”] | moments | [
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acf-regs25-3-14 | A man who visits three of these places while searching for the “thrice-ninth” kingdom is told to blow three horns successively louder to avoid getting eaten. A piece of bread covered in salt and wrapped in cloth can pacify angry spirits in these places, which may be occupied by benevolent female spirits with chicken beaks called kikimora. While following a doll’s instructions, a girl witnesses three subsequent riders wearing white, red, and black entering one of these places. A barabashka is an angry subtype of a spirit of these places called domovoi. Vasilisa the Beautiful sought fire in one of these places surrounded by a fence of bones and supported by chicken legs. For 10 points, sweets make up what type of location in the Grimm Brothers fairy tale “Hansel and Gretel?” | houses [or households or homes or huts; accept hearths; accept Baba Yaga’s house; prompt on walls or courtyards or keyholes by asking “of what places?”; prompt on forests by asking “what sort of place in the forest?”; prompt on buildings] | houses | [
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"homes",
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acf-regs25-3-15 | A series of experiments involving these things involved the maxim “generalizations would come in due time” and was conducted by W. S. Small to focus on its subjects’ “natural proclivities.” Olton and Samuelson assessed reference and working memory in an experiment involving a “radial arm” one of these things. Distal cues in these things’ “oasis” type were added after an associative learning study by Richard Morris. Studies using these things, which led to Edward Tolman’s latent learning theory, were used to develop cognitive maps. With Harvey Carr, John Watson conducted a stimulus and response experiment using one of these things that made a “kerplunk” sound when a rat ran into it. For 10 points, name these structures that psychologists use to study the navigation of mice. | mazes [or labyrinths; accept water mazes; prompt on walls; prompt on water tanks] | mazes | [
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acf-regs25-3-16 | One of these sets is divided into simpler regions in Schwarz methods, which fall under a class of methods named for the “decomposition” of these sets. In complex analysis, either “region” or the word for this type of set also refers to a nonempty open connected set. One of these sets can be extended while preserving a norm dominance condition via the Hahn–Banach theorem. In complex analysis, one of these sets is extended via analytic continuation. One of these sets must be at least as large as a related set for a surjection and no larger for an injection. In a common visualization, arrows point rightward from an oval representing one of these sets to an oval representing a related set prefixed “co.” For 10 points, give this term for the set of all inputs to a function, which maps to its range. | domains [accept natural domains or domains of definition; prompt on dom; prompt on inputs to a function until read; prompt on arguments of a function; prompt on basis] | domains | [
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acf-regs25-3-17 | In this novel, a water gun is filled with urine and sprayed on a character by a boy who is beaten with a prosthetic limb in revenge. The title of this novel comes from a poem by Saib Tabrizi that mentions how “every street” of its primary setting is “enthralling to the eye.” In this novel, one character is forced to chew rocks by her shoemaker husband after not cooking rice sufficiently. A businessman in this novel lies about being on a trip to avoid seeing the movie Pinocchio with his daughter due to her status as a harami, or bastard. In this novel, Mullah Faizullah teaches Miriam to read the Quran decades before she kills her husband to defend his younger second wife, Laila. For 10 points, Kabul is the setting of what 2007 novel by Khaled Hosseini written after The Kite Runner? | A Thousand Splendid Suns | A Thousand Splendid Suns | [
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acf-regs25-3-18 | A dynasty of this ethnic group was revived after its leader ended the “Kalabhra interregnum.” Rebels opposing leaders of this ethnicity formed the Confederation of Madja-as in the Philippines. This ethnic group created “singing steps” leading up to one of their three “Great Living” temples; that temple depicted legends associated with 63 “poet-saints” of this ethnicity. Some of the oldest literature written by this ethnic group is collected in the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Idylls, which is part of their Sangam literature. A dynasty led by this ethnicity caused the collapse of the Sailendra dynasty during their invasion of Srivijaya led by Rajendra I. For 10 points, name this predominant ethnicity of the “Three Crowned Kings” consisting of the Chera, Pandya, and Chola dynasties in southern India. | Tamils [or Tamilar; or Thamizhar] (The 63 poet-saints are the Nayanars.) | Tamils | [
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acf-regs25-3-19 | A holder of this title grasps a letter with the artist’s signature and wears a chivalric badge in a portrait named for his outfit’s brown and silver color. Tiepolo painted this title personified sitting among the continents and the pillars of Hercules in a ceiling fresco on this title’s “apotheosis.” Théophile Gautier wrote that a holder of this title looked like a “corner grocer who has just won the lottery” in an awkward group portrait of him and his family. A holder of this title commissioned both 1628’s The Triumph of Bacchus and a painting that shows his victorious army receiving a key in front of a row of vertical lances, titled The Surrender of Breda. For 10 points, name this royal title of a patron whose daughter, the Infanta Margarita, is depicted in Las Meninas by his court painter Diego Velázquez. | monarch of Spain [accept king of Spain; accept monarch of Portugal or king of Portugal; prompt on king or monarch by asking “of what domain?”; prompt on ruler of Spain by asking “with what title?”; reject “queen” or “queen of Spain”] (The painting in the first sentence is Velázquez’s Philip IV in Brown and Silver, and the painting of the “corner grocer” is Charles IV of Spain and His Family by Francisco Goya.) | monarch of Spain | [
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acf-regs25-3-20 | This leader claimed to be protecting workers in the “MZ generation” with proposals to increase the working week from 52 to 69 hours. A Reuters article suggests that this leader’s speech about “anti-state forces” was a result of a YouTube addiction. In a press conference, this leader said “if you tell me specifically what I did wrong, then I will apologize for that specific fact” after apologizing for nothing in particular. An opposition politician filmed himself going to vote against a decree set by this leader by jumping a metal fence. This leader of the People Power Party holed up in his Yongsan residence following a successful impeachment vote over his declaration of martial law, which was in place for a single night in December 2024. For 10 points, name this embattled president of South Korea. | Yoon Suk Yeol [or Yun Seokyeol or Yun Seogyeol or Yoon Seongnyeol] | Yoon Suk Yeol | [
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acf-regs25-4-1 | A monologue likens this character’s success to Reverend Gates, who is forced to dance at gunpoint in the sundown town of Sigsbee. While waiting for this character to arrive, two of her colleagues bet a dollar that one of them can spell “music,” which he spells “M-U-S-I-K.” This character first enters accompanied by a policeman trying to arrest her for assaulting a cab driver. This woman refuses to work until she is brought a Coca-Cola and demands that a spoken-word intro be performed by her stuttering nephew Sylvester. Levee stabs his bandmate Toledo in a play titled for this woman that is the only play from its author’s Century Cycle not to be set in Pittsburgh. For 10 points, name this blues singer who appears in an August Wilson play titled for her “Black Bottom.” | Ma Rainey [or Gertrude Pridgett; accept Madame Rainey; accept Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom; prompt on Ma or Madame] | Ma Rainey | [
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"Ma Rainey",
"Gertrude Pridgett",
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acf-regs25-4-2 | An equation that uses a form of this technique to determine kinetic parameters contains the constant intercept term “log of the pre-exponential factor times R over activation energy” and is named for Homer Kissinger. A form of this technique used to analyze protein solutions involves applying perturbations of 5 atmospheres. It’s not chromatography, but noise in this technique can be suppressed using a nitrogen and argon-based “purge” gas. The results of a form of this technique are characterized by a “c-value” proportional to binding affinity. Glass transitions can be quantified using a form of this technique that measures the difference in heating rate between two pans called its “differential scanning” type. For 10 points, what technique is done in classroom labs by heating a sample in a coffee cup? | calorimetry [accept differential scanning calorimetry or isothermal titration calorimetry or pressure perturbation calorimetry] | calorimetry | [
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acf-regs25-4-3 | Scholars connect this character with the concept of synty through a passage where he explains the origin of iron to an old healer. That passage exemplifies a common epithet of this character, translated as either “trusty old” or “steadfast old.” This character falls into the sea and drifts for eight days after his horse is shot by a crossbow. This character crawls into the stomach of a sleeping giant to learn the three missing words of a magic spell. After a baby chastises this character for causing Aino to drown herself, this character sings up a magic boat and sails away in exile. This character kills a pike and uses its jaw to create the first kantele while on his way to recover the magical Sampo from Louhi, the ruler of Pohjola. For 10 points, what bard is the central character of the Kalevala? | Väinämöinen | Väinämöinen | [
"Väinämöinen"
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acf-regs25-4-4 | In this field of law, the “People” case established the doctrine of “legal impossibility,” distinct from “factual impossibility.” A namesake “conversation” in this field of law is similar to a breach of promise but has been abolished by over half of US states. “Mistakes of fact” in this field of law are distinct from “mistakes of law,” which are often excluded for violating ignorantia juris non excusat. This field of law divides its central subject into mala in se and mala prohibita types. Jurisdictions place value on this field of law’s objectives of retribution, deterrence, and restoration. In this field of law, the external element is sometimes equated to the actus reus, which is often required as proof alongside the mens rea. For 10 points, what field of law concerns personal offenses like battery and assault? | criminal law [accept criminal conversation; prompt on criminology; reject “tort law”] | criminal law | [
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acf-regs25-4-5 | In the wake of this event, a man began a media empire publishing La Caricature and Le Charivari. During this event, the Duke of Ragusa was arrested and exiled for failing to retake a town hall. During this event, a man failed to bypass his own son and give power to the “miracle child.” During this event, journalists congregated at the offices of the newly founded newspaper Le National to publish a letter protesting the repressive Four Ordinances of Saint-Cloud. Barricades were raised during the “Three Glorious Days” of this event, which concluded when Lafayette appeared on the balcony of the Hotel de Ville next to a man later known as the “Citizen King.” For 10 points, name this uprising that led to the abdication of Charles X and the ascension of Louis-Philippe. | July Revolution [or July Days; accept Three Glorious Days until “Three” is read; accept French Revolution of 1830; reject “French Revolution”] (Charles Philipon founded La Caricature and Le Charivari.) | July Revolution | [
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"July Days",
"July Revolution",
"French Revolution of 1830; reject French Revolution",
"Three Glorious Days until Three is read",
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acf-regs25-4-7 | A collection of documents from this city are the main focus of Wouter Henkelman’s The Other Gods Who Are, which notes how the 26 attestations of Humban are the most of all deities mentioned. Records from this city mention commodities being “poured” before individuals such as the king, the official Karkiš, and the royal woman Irdabama. Parnaka headed the administration at this city, where many kurtaš workers were provided with rations recorded in the Fortification Tablets. The Gate of All Nations and Hall of a Hundred Columns were built at this non-Susa city home to the Apadana Palace, whose reliefs show 23 delegations bringing tribute. For 10 points, Darius I began the construction of what city near Naqsh-e Rustam, an Achaemenid capital whose name means “Persian city”? | Persepolis [or Pārsa; accept Takht-e Jamshīd] (Humban appears more times than Ahuramazda in the Fortification Archive.) | Persepolis | [
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acf-regs25-4-9 | An 80-foot geodesic dome is found on the facade of this city’s so-called “Taj Mahal of Tenpins,” the National Bowling Stadium. It’s not in New Mexico, but this city’s Rancho San Rafael Regional Park hosts this city’s “Great Balloon Race.” This city’s Mapes Hotel hosted women seeking to establish residency for six weeks before leaving their marriages, leading it to proclaim itself the “divorce capital of the world.” A singer invoked poetic license after a photographer pointed out that shooting a man in this city wouldn’t send someone to California’s Folsom Prison. This city is the seat of Washoe County in the Truckee River Valley. This city forms a metro area with neighbouring Sparks north of the state capital, Carson City. For 10 points, name this “Biggest Little City in the World” in northwest Nevada. | Reno | Reno | [
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acf-regs25-4-10 | The poet-composer Henri Dallier wrote a set of five “invocations” for this instrument. In the middle of a recital of his own music, a blind composer reportedly died while sustaining a low E on this instrument. Constant triple-forte sixteenth notes in 4/2 time fill the oft-excerpted Toccata finale of the fifth in a set of works for this instrument. Midway through the second movement of one symphony, after a grand pause from the orchestra, this instrument enters with a loud C major chord to open a Maestoso fourth section. Louis Vierne assisted Charles-Marie Widor in his class on this instrument, which is unusually featured in the third symphony of Camille Saint-Saëns. For 10 points, name this instrument that traditionally plays recessional music in a church. | organ [or pipe organ] | organ | [
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acf-regs25-4-11 | In this novel, a casino orchestra’s rendition of the Rákóczi March drowns out the footsteps of an approaching woman, allowing her to overhear a man’s confession of love to his ward. A woman in this novel first makes the acquaintance of Maisie Maidan after helping untangle a comb from her hair. Upon hearing of the title character’s suicide en route to Ceylon, a girl in this novel becomes catatonic and can only say a prayer to an “Omnipotent God” and the word “shuttlecock.” Characters in this novel who seek treatment for their heart ailments at a spa in Nauheim include the narrator’s promiscuous wife Florence. This novel opens with the line “This is the saddest story I have ever heard.” For 10 points, name this novel by Ford Madox Ford titled for Edward Ashburnham, a British army officer. | The Good Soldier | The Good Soldier | [
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acf-regs25-4-12 | In this book, a figure’s “double-being” is summarized via the formula, “all that exists is just and unjust and equally justified in both.” This book describes the origins of an archetypal person who finds pleasure in unveiling truth, whom it calls the “theoretical man.” Camille Paglia’s Sexual Personae uses the word “chthonian” in place of a concept introduced in this book, which is exemplified by poems called dithyrambs. Fourteen years after writing this book, which was his first, its author walked it back in the prefatory essay “An Attempt at Self-Criticism.” This book claims that an imbalance arose between the ordered and chaotic impulses in art, which it calls the Apollonian and Dionysian. For 10 points, name this book by Friedrich Nietzsche on a genre practiced by Aeschylus and Euripides. | The Birth of Tragedy [or The Birth of Tragedy Out of the Spirit of Music; or Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik] (The figure in the first sentence is Prometheus. Paglia replaced the word “Dionysian” with “chthonian.”) | The Birth of Tragedy | [
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"The Birth of Tragedy",
"Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik",
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acf-regs25-4-13 | A teacher of this activity nicknamed “Aunty Edith” is the namesake of a stadium that hosts a competition often billed as “the Olympics of” this activity. The scholar Mary Kawena Pukui was an expert on the seated form of this activity, which in the modern day is often performed to songs like “Tiny Bubbles” and “E Ō Mai.” Each Easter, judges at the Merrie Monarch Festival evaluate performances in this activity’s ancient form based on their usage of chants called mele and oli to convey oral narratives called mo‘olelo. Ipu or pahu drums usually provide percussion for this dance, whose modern form is taught by kumus at schools called hālau and may be set to English-language hapa haole music. For 10 points, performers at lū‘aus often wear leis and grass skirts during what dance of Hawai‘i? | hula [or hula kahiko; or hula ‘auana; accept ha‘a; accept mele hula; prompt on dance or dancing until “dance” is read; reject “haka”; reject “hula hoop”] (Edith Kanaka‘ole is “Aunty Edith.” “Tiny Bubbles” is by Don Ho and “E Ō Mai” is by Keali‘i Reichel.) | hula | [
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"hula ‘auana",
"ha‘a",
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acf-regs25-4-14 | In 2022, researchers showed that a city in this modern-day country used dhaka pits to store water. A “pattern” named for this modern-day country was distinguished from the “central cattle pattern” by Thomas Huffman, who also investigated the “tradition” of this modern-day country’s site of Leopard’s Kopje. The Torwa dynasty ruled a gold-trading kingdom once located in this modern-day country centered at Khami. Many daga buildings were found in the “Valley Ruins” of a city in this modern-day country where a conical tower was located in its “Great Enclosure.” A city in this modern-day country contained the “Hill Complex,” the hypothesized original location of eight soapstone birds. For 10 points, what modern-day country contains the site of a “Great” African city founded by the Shona people? | Zimbabwe [or Republic of Zimbabwe; accept Great Zimbabwe; accept Kingdom of Zimbabwe; accept Zimbabwe Pattern] | Zimbabwe | [
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acf-regs25-4-15 | Derivations of this phenomenon may assume that objects satisfy the “singular isothermal sphere” profile. The KSB method is used to combat the PSF uncertainty produced in this phenomenon. The background distribution of dark matter can be found by averaging the orientations of galaxies due to the shear produced by this phenomenon. The observation of the “Twin Quasar” confirmed Fritz Zwicky’s prediction of this phenomenon. The quantity “four times big G times mass over radius times c-squared” equals this phenomenon’s angle of deflection. When a source, observer, and intermediary are all aligned, this phenomenon can produce a “halo effect” called Einstein rings. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which astronomical bodies bend the path of light. | gravitational lensing [accept strong lensing or weak lensing or microlensing] | gravitational lensing | [
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acf-regs25-4-16 | John Paul II claimed that God is made “visible” by this concept in a 1980 encyclical about the necessity of its “richness” in society. A passage from Exodus is the source of Jewish belief in the “thirteen attributes” of this concept. The phrase “Jesus, I trust in you” is often written on images of a “divine” aspect of this concept described by Saint Faustina Kowalska. Pope Francis I declared 2016 an “Extraordinary Jubilee Year of [this concept].” In a section on the “Sheep and the Goats” from Matthew, Jesus described the “corporal works” of this concept, distinguished from its “spiritual works.” The opening of the Kyrie prayer invokes this concept, which also begins and sometimes names Psalm 51. For 10 points, in the Jesus Prayer, worshippers ask him to have what concept on them as sinners? | mercy [accept word forms; accept God’s mercy; accept eleison; accept miserere; accept rachamim; accept Year of Mercy; accept Divine Mercy; accept Thirteen Attributes of Mercy; accept Dives in Misericordia; prompt on forgiveness; prompt on compassion or kindness; reject “grace” or “pity”] | mercy | [
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acf-regs25-4-17 | During this battle, the president told his secretary that the enemy general was “confused and stunned like a duck hit on the head.” A general in this battle hoped to trap James Negley by attacking through McLemore’s Cave from the northeast. A side in this battle retreated through Lafayette Road due to a miscommunicated order to Thomas J. Wood’s division, opening an opportunity for James Longstreet’s reinforcements. John Bell Hood’s right leg was amputated after this battle, leading Union forces to retreat to Chattanooga. George H. Thomas was nicknamed “the Rock of” this battle, the second bloodiest of the war. For 10 points, Ambrose Bierce’s story about a deaf-mute boy was titled for what 1863 Civil War battle in which Braxton Bragg defeated William Rosecrans in Georgia? | Battle of Chickamauga | Battle of Chickamauga | [
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acf-regs25-4-18 | John Beazley used this city to name an anonymous red-figure vase painter of the 5th century BC who is often contrasted with the Kleophrades Painter. The introduction of Mary Beard and John Henderson’s Classical Art describes a once-armless Praying Boy sculpture called this city’s “Adorant.” This city often names the Severan Tondo. An artwork now located in this city contains a long staircase and a large frieze depicting the Gigantomachy. Today, this city is home to the Ishtar Gate and the Bust of Nefertiti. This city’s Altes Museum is on its Museum Island, where an altar originally from Asia Minor is housed in the Pergamon Museum. For 10 points, name this capital that houses many works found by a native son who excavated Mycenae and Troy, Heinrich Schliemann. | Berlin [or The Berlin Painter; or Berlin Adorant; or Berlin Tondo] | Berlin | [
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acf-regs25-4-19 | A story by this author centers on the monk Lorenzo, who is ostracized for having a child with an umbrella maker’s daughter, but is revealed to be a woman after saving the child from a burning building. In a story by this author of “The Death of a Disciple,” the narrator reflects that he sees a fire every time he returns to the capital after his arsonist brother-in-law is hit by a train. This author created a character who binds one of his apprentices with chains and attacks another with a horned owl to study their pained expressions. In that story by this author, an artist watches as his daughter and her pet monkey are burned alive in a carriage by Lord Horikawa to inspire the title artwork. For 10 points, what author of the stories “Cogwheels” and “Hell Screen” names a Japanese literary prize? | Ryūnosuke Akutagawa [or Akutagawa Ryūnosuke] | Ryūnosuke Akutagawa | [
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acf-regs25-4-20 | This condition can cause neuropathy, swelling, and pain in the hands and feet in another condition called acrodynia or “pink disease.” While studying this condition in his lab at Caltech, Clair Cameron Patterson used one of the first cleanrooms to discredit earlier findings by Robert Kehoe. A molecule that causes this condition mimics methionine after binding with cysteine, allowing it to cross the blood–brain barrier. One form of this condition results in a triad of tremors, gingivitis, and erethism. This condition, which is the cause of itai-itai disease and Minamata disease, is often treated with medical-grade Prussian blue, succimer, or sodium calcium EDTA in chelation therapy. For 10 points, what condition is caused by prolonged exposure to elements like lead or mercury? | heavy metal poisoning [or heavy metal toxicity; accept lead poisoning or mercury poisoning until read; accept arsenic poisoning or cadmium poisoning or selenium poisoning; accept plumbism or saturnism; accept itai-itai disease until read; accept Minamata disease until read; prompt on acute poisoning or acute toxicity] (Patterson was a vocal opponent of leaded gasoline, which Kehoe had earlier claimed was safe in a now-discredited study.) | heavy metal poisoning | [
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acf-regs25-5-1 | In a fairy tale from this country, a dog, a monkey, and a water buffalo play tricks on a laughing one-eyed giant that tries to steal their food. In an epic from this country, a prince saves his two brothers after they failed to capture the Adarna bird, who had turned them to stone by pooping on them. Obtaining three spines or turning one’s shirt inside out can counteract the tricks of a human–horse hybrid in this country’s folklore. Semen, salt, and stingray spines defend against birdlike creatures in this country like the ekek. Pregnant women in this country are targeted by creatures who want to eat their fetuses like the mandurugo and the manananggal. For 10 points, name this country whose myths of vampiric aswangs stem from the Tagalog people. | Philippines [or Republic of the Philippines; or Republika ng Pilipinas] (The fairy tale is “The Three Friends: the Monkey, the Dog, and the Carabao.” The epic is the Ibong Adarna.) | Philippines | [
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acf-regs25-5-2 | This concept can be discussed analogously between God and creation, even though the meanings are different, according to a view often traced to Aquinas. Ahmad Sirhindi emphasized the “unity of witness” over a unity of this concept put forward by Ibn Arabi. A thing that has this concept necessarily rather than contingently is derived via infinite regress in Avicenna’s Proof of the Truthful. An intellectual history by Arthur Lovejoy is titled for a schema of this concept that ranges from God to minerals. Duns Scotus conceived of a “univocity” of this concept, which medieval philosophers placed on a “great chain.” Many Islamic thinkers commented on Aristotle’s treatise on “[this concept] qua [this concept],” his Metaphysics. For 10 points, name this concept whose nature is studied in ontology. | being [or wujūd; accept existence or word forms; accept great chain of being; accept being qua being; accept ens or analogia entis] | being | [
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acf-regs25-5-3 | This president’s Secretary of War was a secret agent who had fought the Khan of Kuban to rescue his stolen horses and drafted the Chilean constitution at his home. This president combated the Hunter’s Lodge during the Patriot War to quash sympathy with Canada. This president’s “pretty tapering soft, white lily fingers” were criticized in a speech denouncing the “regal splendor of the President’s Palace.” This president led an organization that grew out of the Bucktails, was opposed by Thurlow Weed, and split into the Barnburners and Hunkers in Albany. This president was attacked in the “Golden Spoon” oration and called a “used-up man” in a campaign song by William Henry Harrison. For 10 points, name this president who grappled with the Panic of 1837. | Martin Van Buren (His Secretary of War was Joel Roberts Poinsett.) | Martin Van Buren | [
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acf-regs25-5-4 | The 2018 song “Bagdad” was inspired by a work in this language about an imprisoned woman who communicates with a knight by kissing the Psalter at church. A poet in this language who claimed to “love the wind / and chase the hare with the ox” was praised in the book The Spirit of Romance. Razos accompanied colorful biographies in this language of poets who were the first to compete in “floral games.” A poet who developed the sirventes form in this language is seen in a later work carrying his decapitated head like a lantern in the Malebolge. The dedication to Ezra Pound in The Waste Land as “il miglior fabbro” quotes Dante’s praise of a poet in this language who invented the sestina. For 10 points, Arnaut Daniel and other medieval troubadours performed in what Romance language of southern France? | Occitan (“OCK-sit-in”) [or Provençal; or Old Occitan; accept langue d’oc] (The lead-in refers to the romance Flamenca, which inspired Rosalía’s album El Mal Querer. The Spirit of Romance is by Ezra Pound.) | Occitan | [
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acf-regs25-5-5 | This city’s municipal government targeted luxury goods like cars through the Breitner tax. Riots in this city against the Christian Social Party government led to the 1927 burning of its Palace of Justice. This city’s government used a points system to allocate space in public housing projects like the Karl-Marx-Hof complex, where the Republican Protection league took refuge during the February Fights. Hans Frank’s visit to this city spurred the July Putsch, which was crushed by local police. A period of left-wing politics under the SDAPÖ in this city’s “Red” era was ended by Engelbert Dollfuss’s fascist regime. People who lived in this city’s old town before World War I include Tito, Trotsky, Lenin, and Hitler. For 10 points, name this capital city annexed during the Anschluss. | Vienna [or Wien; accept “Red Vienna” or “Rotes Wien”] | Vienna | [
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acf-regs25-5-6 | A research station studying one of these ecosystems operated by the Smithsonian has conducted a census every 5 years since 1980 on Barro Colorado Island. LAI decreases when adjacent organisms in these ecosystems maintain a gap in a phenomenon called “shyness.” Specialist enemies of a type of organism in these ecosystems are thought to facilitate their biodiversity according to the Janzen–Connell hypothesis. Within these ecosystems, processes by saproxylic organisms are the main contributors to nutrient cycling. Bridge-forming lianas in these ecosystems can be infected by the holoparasitic genus Rafflesia. Mycorrhizae networks often form under the “floors” of these ecosystems, where decomposers feed on detritus like leaves. For 10 points, name these ecosystems whose canopy is formed by trees. | forests [or rainforests; prompt on trees until read; prompt on forest canopies or forest floors until read by asking “what larger ecosystem is that a zone of?”] | forests | [
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acf-regs25-5-7 | A bark stand depicts a voluptuous queen of this region holding up the starry sky, naming her as “Mistress of the Diadems.” Graffiti at the Temple of Dakka has recently been used to establish that a co-ruler with Natakamani in this region was his mother rather than his wife. Images of deities such as the lion-headed Apedemak appear in a temple in this region at Jebel Barkal. The bronze head of a statue of Augustus was buried beneath a shrine’s steps in this region by Candace Amanirenas, likely as a symbol of resistance to the Romans. Iconography from a later period expanded on the range of costumes used under the 25th Dynasty pharaohs from this region, such as Piye and Taharqa. For 10 points, what ancient region home to Meroë was centered in modern Sudan and southern Egypt? | Nubia [accept Kush or Qes or Ecōš; accept Nobīn or an-Nūba; accept Upper or Middle or Lower Nubia; accept Kushite Empire; accept Napata; accept Meroë or Meroitic Kingdom until “Meroë” is read; prompt on Sudan until read by asking “what was the ancient name?”; prompt on North Africa or Northeast Africa; prompt on the Nile valley; reject “Kushan Empire”; reject “Nobatia” or “Makuria” or “Alodia”; reject “Egypt”] (The first two sentences refer to Amanitore.) | Nubia | [
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acf-regs25-5-8 | This chemist erroneously predicted that a certain cyclization undergoes a two-plus-two mechanism followed by a migratory insertion, which was corrected by E. J. Corey’s three-plus-two mechanism in a decade-long feud. A reaction named for this chemist expands on one developed by the Upjohn Company and may use a commercial “AD mix” containing various potassium salts and a quinine ligand. This chemist is the alphabetically latest of the developers of a copper-catalyzed variant of the Huisgen cycloaddition, which reacts an azide with an alkyne. This chemist names an alkene dihydroxylation that uses osmium tetroxide, as well as an asymmetric epoxidation. For 10 points, name this American chemist who coined the term “click chemistry” and twice received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. | Karl Barry Sharpless [accept Sharpless epoxidation or Sharpless dihydroxylation] | Karl Barry Sharpless | [
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acf-regs25-5-9 | After possibly acquiring this disease, Sophie nearly reveals her affair to her husband Otto in Paula Fox’s novel Desperate Characters. In another novel, a man with this disease is delayed in firing a gun because it had been set to run through its three empty chambers first. While recalling the death of a man from this disease, his wife “pulls in her horizon like a great fish-net” in a novel’s last lines; that man contracted this disease while his wife held onto a cow’s tail. In that novel, a man with this disease is given a royal burial in Belle Glade. That man acquires this disease amid a 1928 hurricane near the Everglades and is shot by his wife, Janie Crawford. For 10 points, what disease contracted by Tea Cake in Their Eyes Were Watching God also affects the title character of Old Yeller? | rabies [or being rabid; prompt on madness or paranoia; prompt on hydrophobia] | rabies | [
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acf-regs25-5-10 | A tree stump in this artwork sits next to two fallen soldiers and points towards a figure in the sky surrounded by an orange halo. In this artwork, a man standing on a pillar adorned with foliage is attacked through a window by a demon. An angel in this artwork holds a bow at the wrong end while playing a viola da gamba in front of a concert of colorful beings. In this artwork, a lamb holds a cross next to John the Baptist and the words “He must increase, but I must decrease.” This artwork’s interior includes several large wooden sculptures by Nikolaus Hagenauer. This artwork was created for the Monastery of St. Anthony, whose specialty in ergotism care is seen in the sores on the crucified Jesus in its central panel. For 10 points, name this altarpiece by Matthias Grünewald. | Isenheim Altarpiece [or Isenheimer Altar] | Isenheim Altarpiece | [
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acf-regs25-5-11 | In a novel from this country, Rengganis enters her classroom naked while shouting about being assaulted by a dog in the school toilet. In another novel from this country, the one-legged artist Jean Marais helps the protagonist avoid an obese hitman nicknamed Fatso. A magical realist novel from this country focusing on a prostitute who returns from the dead is titled Beauty is a Wound. A novel from this country about the native boy Minke’s love for the mixed-race concubine’s daughter Annelies was dictated by its author from prison. This modern-day country is the setting of This Earth of Mankind and a novel about the coffee trader Max Havelaar. For 10 points, what country is the birthplace of authors Eka Kurniawan and Pramoedya Ananta Toer, whose characters speak Dutch, Malay, and Javanese? | Indonesia [or Republic of Indonesia; or Republik Indonesia; prompt on Dutch East Indies] | Indonesia | [
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acf-regs25-5-12 | Julian Schwinger proposed that a mechanism involving these structures is explained by the conversion of virtual photons into real photons. Werner Lauterborn’s model of that mechanism involving these structures was improved by the Keller–Miksis model. The high internal temperature of a process involving these structures has been attributed to hotspot or bremsstrahlung radiation and was proposed as a nuclear fusion candidate in the fraudulent work of R. P. Taleyarkhan. The Rayleigh–Plesset equation for these structures is derived from spherically symmetric solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations. Light is emitted from these structures’ implosions in sonoluminescence. These structures form through cavitation. For 10 points, name these spherical pockets of air that can be formed from thin films made of soap. | bubbles [prompt on thin films until read] | bubbles | [
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acf-regs25-5-13 | Boys joining the sangha in this country go through the shinbyu ceremony, one of the Twelve Auspicious Rites. Alchemy is practiced by mystics in this country known as weizza. The Pali Canon was inscribed on over 700 tablets in this modern-day country as a result of the Fifth Buddhist Council, which, along with the Sixth Buddhist Council, was held in this modern-day country. The three marks of existence are the subject of a meditation-focused movement that originated in this country named for its focus on “insight,” or vipassanā. This country is home to the nationalist Buddhist 969 movement. Eight strands of the Buddha’s hair are allegedly contained in this country’s large golden Shwedagon Pagoda. For 10 points, name this country where Buddhist nationalists have persecuted the Muslim Rohingya people. | Myanmar [or Republic of the Union of Myanmar; or Burma; or word forms] | Myanmar | [
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acf-regs25-5-14 | An opera by this composer ends with a declaration that “he laughs well who laughs the final laugh,” which is then repeated in a fugue. Leonie Rysanek substituted for Maria Callas in the 1959 Met premiere of an opera by this composer, performing as a character who was also one of Shirley Verrett’s first soprano roles. The title character of an opera by this composer sings about the meaning of “honor” while drinking at a Windsor inn. In an opera by this composer, a character sings the “Ave Maria” before being strangled to death. Until 2015, performers at the Met wore blackface to play a character in an opera by this composer who stabs himself next to his wife Desdemona. For 10 points, name this Italian composer whose Shakespearan operas include Macbeth and Otello. | Giuseppe Verdi [or Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi] | Giuseppe Verdi | [
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acf-regs25-5-15 | These two people are the focus of the most recent season of Nat Geo’s Genius, which draws on Peniel Joseph’s book The Sword and the Shield and Jeff Stetson’s play The Meeting. One of these people never actually said that the other has done “a great disservice” according to research by Jonathan Eig for his 2023 biography of one of them. These were the two most recent people to die of the three who are the focus of the unfinished book Remember This House. Opposing quotes by these people, and a photo of them together, appear after the destruction of Sal’s Pizzeria to end the film Do the Right Thing. One year before going on Hajj, one of these people mocked the other’s “farce on Washington.” For 10 points, the labels of “militant” and “pacifist” are often given to what Civil Rights leaders who were killed in 1965 and 1968? | Malcolm X AND Martin Luther King Jr. [accept Malcolm X or Malcolm Little or Malik el-Shabbaz in place of “Malcolm”; accept MLK Jr. in place of “Martin Luther King Jr.”] (Remember This House is by James Baldwin and depicts Malcolm X, MLK, and Medgar Evers.) | Malcolm X AND Martin Luther King Jr. | [
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"Little",
"Malcolm X",
"Malcolm King",
"Malcolm X AND Martin Luther King Jr.",
"Malik el-Shabbaz in place of Malcolm",
"MLK",
"King",
"X",
"Malcolm",
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acf-regs25-5-16 | A work by this composer is paired with a lecture about “Humor in Music” in an educational album by Leonard Bernstein. Wind trills representing a clock striking 7 a.m. introduce a triple fugue in a piece by this composer built from themes depicting the moods of a mother, father, and child. Herbert von Karajan’s recording of a massive, 22-section work by this composer was the first to be pressed on CD. Tubas playing in parallel fifths represent critics of this composer in the “adversaries” movement of an orchestral work that ends with “The Hero’s Retirement From This World and Completion.” A piece by this composer begins with an ascending “C G C” trumpet fanfare depicting a sunrise. For 10 points, name this German composer of tone poems like An Alpine Symphony and Also Sprach Zarathustra. | Richard Strauss [prompt on Strauss] | Richard Strauss | [
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acf-regs25-5-17 | A result about these locations relies on an equation relating the divergence of a congruence and the Raychaudhuri scalar, which is assumed to be non-negative under either the “null energy” or “strong energy” conditions. Supercritical topological defects called cosmic strings may result in the “conical” type of these locations. The Eddington–Finkelstein and Kruskal–Szekeres transformations can remove a “false” one of these locations. These locations are characterized by “incomplete” geodesics according to the Penrose–Hawking theorem. So-called “naked” examples of these locations are not enclosed by an event horizon and are theorized to not exist by the cosmic censorship hypothesis. For 10 points, name these locations in space where gravitational effects are infinite, such as in the center of black holes. | singularities [or gravitational singularities or spacetime singularities; prompt on black holes until read] | singularities | [
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acf-regs25-5-18 | This author wrote a film in which a woman says “I didn’t think such violent things could happen to ordinary people,” before being asked “whatever your dream was, it wasn’t a very happy one, was it?” by a man who puts down his crossword. Ben Hecht adapted a play by this author into Ernst Lubitsch’s romcom Design for Living. A housewife and doctor meet at a train station in this author’s play Still Life, which inspired David Lean’s film Brief Encounter. Kay Hammond wore green makeup for a film that abandons this author’s signature finale, in which the protagonist tiptoes offstage. In a play by this author, Charles Condomine deals with the jealousies of his second wife Ruth and the ghost of his deceased wife, Elvira. For 10 points, a séance occurs in what author’s play Blithe Spirit? | Noël Coward [or Sir Noël Peirce Coward] | Noël Coward | [
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acf-regs25-5-19 | Brian Nelson’s book The Silence and the Scorpion examines a coup attempt against this leader that saw snipers open fire on protestors on an overpass. This leader used the example of Florentino fighting the Devil to encourage people to vote “No” in a recall, while those who voted “Yes” were publicized in the Tascón List. This leader hosted the show Hello, Mr. President, during which he often compared an American president to “Mister Danger” from the novel Doña Barbara. This leader was supported by the Fifth Republic Movement that evolved out of his MBR-200, which led a failed 1992 coup against Carlos Andrés Pérez. This leader launched socialist programs as part of a “Bolivarian Revolution” that continued past his 2013 death. For 10 points, name this Venezuelan president succeeded by Nicolás Maduro. | Hugo Chávez [or Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías] | Hugo Chávez | [
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acf-regs25-5-20 | In a speech to a group of social anthropologists, this thinker called atheism a “one-word solution to all the world’s current problems”; that speech by this thinker was published as Waiting For Foucault, Still. This thinker developed a theory positing that, as a method of conflict resolution, many Indigenous peoples welcomed colonization. This developer of the Stranger King theory clashed with Gananath Obeyesekere over systems of rationality in the context of Captain Cook’s death. This anthropologist analyzed the “Domestic Mode of Production” in a 1972 book arguing that Neolithic people only needed to work 15 hours a week. That book by this anthropologist of Islands of History noted that hunter-gatherers were the “original affluent society.” For 10 points, name this anthropologist who wrote Stone Age Economics. | Marshall Sahlins [or Marshall David Sahlins] | Marshall Sahlins | [
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