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To cope with anxiety in the moment, try interrupting negative thought patterns with positive ones, deep breathing exercises, grounding techniques, getting ...
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Intentional <anchor>breathing</anchor> is an effective way to reduce anxiety symptoms in the moment. Deep breathing exercises can be twice as effective: They help minimize stress in the body by encouraging relaxation and serve as a distraction when used as a focal point to interrupt intrusive thoughts.
Diaphragmatic Breathing: How to, Benefits, and Exercises
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# Understanding Diaphragmatic Breathing

By [Aubrey Bailey, PT, DPT, CHT](https://www.verywellhealth.com/aubrey-bailey-5194548)

Updated on September 01, 2023

Medically reviewed by
[Susan Russell, MD](https://www.verywellhealth.com/susan-russell-5210510)

Print

Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

- [What Is It?](#toc-what-is-diaphragmatic-breathing)

- [How to Do It](#toc-how-to-perform-diaphragmatic-breathing)

- [Exercises](#toc-diaphragmatic-breathing-exercises)

- [Tips for Getting Started](#toc-tips-for-getting-started)

- [Frequently Asked Questions](#toc-frequently-asked-questions-f3c1a86f-42be-4c53-8aa0-47f2ad09ed85)


Your [diaphragm](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-the-diaphragm-2249084) is a muscle that sits at the bottom of your lungs to help you breathe deeply. During normal inhalation, your diaphragm tightens and moves downward. During normal exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward in the chest cavity.

Diaphragmatic [breathing](https://www.verywellhealth.com/breathwork-8676273)—also known as "belly breathing"—is a technique that improves the amount of oxygen that enters your blood from your lungs with each breath. Diaphragmatic breathing reduces your body's stress response, making you feel more relaxed.

This article discusses what diaphragmatic breathing is, how to perform it, and tips for getting started.

zianlob/ Getty Images

## What Is Diaphragmatic Breathing?

Diaphragmatic breathing teaches you to breathe deeper into your belly, rather than taking shallow breaths in your chest. When you breathe in, your lungs need to expand to fully fill with air to bring oxygen into your body. As you breathe out, your body gets rid of a waste product called carbon dioxide.

Shallow breathing in your chest limits the amount that your lungs can stretch when you breathe in and prevents you from breathing out all of the stale air in your lungs. This type of breathing often occurs when you are under [stress](https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-stress-5190229).

Your body's sympathetic nervous system triggers a "fight or flight" response when you are stressed to help you react to a perceived danger. Diaphragmatic breathing activates a different part of your nervous system, called the [parasympathetic nervous system](https://www.verywellhealth.com/autonomic-nervous-system-anatomy-2488639), which has the opposite effect.

### Is It Effective?

Diaphragmatic breathing has been shown to reduce symptoms of [anxiety](https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-deal-with-anxiety-8384822), depression, and stress. This technique also helps to decrease blood pressure, improve lung function, increase alertness, and decrease the production of stress hormones in your body.

## How to Perform Diaphragmatic Breathing

Proper diaphragmatic breathing can take some time to learn. In the beginning, practice diaphragmatic breathing laying down. Once you've mastered the technique, you can do it just about anywhere.

1. Lay on your back on a firm, comfortable surface.
2. Bend your knees and put your feet flat on the surface.
3. Place one hand on your chest and the other on your belly, below your ribs.
4. Breathe in slowly through your nose. Picture your belly filling with air, from the bottom up. Watch your hands as you breathe—only the hand on your belly should rise.
5. Purse your lips as if you are blowing out candles and slowly breathe out. Your belly should deflate.

## Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises

Once you've mastered basic diaphragmatic breathing, try these variations.

### 4-7-8 Breathing (Numbered Breathing)

1. Sit up straight in a comfortable position.
2. Breathe in slowly through your nose as you count to four.
3. Hold your breath as you count to seven.
4. Breathe out through your mouth as you slowly count to eight.

### Box Breathing

1. Sit up straight and close your eyes.
2. Breathe in as you slowly count to four.
3. Hold your breath for another slow count to four.
4. Breathe out slowly as you count to four.
5. Pause for another count of four before taking another breath in.
6. Repeat three to four times.

[What to Know About Box Breathing](https://www.verywellhealth.com/box-breathing-8423967)

### Progressive Muscle Relaxation

1. Find a quiet environment.
2. Lie down on a firm but comfortable surface and close your eyes.
3. Tense the muscles in your hands as you slowly take a deep breath in.
4. Relax your hands as you breathe out.
5. Tighten the muscles in your forearms and wrists with the next breath.
6. Relax these muscles as you breathe out.
7. Continue this process, working your way up to your arms, neck, and face, then work your way down your legs.

Progressive muscle relaxation can also be performed using an audio recording to walk you through the steps.

### Risks of Diaphragmatic Breathing

Diaphragmatic breathing is not typically harmful. However, if you have a lung condition, such as [chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)](https://www.verywellhealth.com/copd-symptoms-915030) or [asthma](https://www.verywellhealth.com/asthma-types-200539), this type of breathing could make your breathing more difficult.

## Tips for Getting Started

While you're learning how to do a diaphragmatic breathing exercise, set aside five to 10 minutes several times per day for practice. Once you've got the technique down, find ways to incorporate it into your daily schedule.

Be patient—diaphragmatic breathing takes practice and in the beginning it's even more difficult to do it correctly, especially if you're already stressed.

## Summary

Diaphragmatic breathing, or belly breathing, is a deep breathing technique. This type of breathing increases the amount of oxygen delivered from your lungs to your blood. Diaphragmatic breathing triggers a response in your body that can decrease stress and lower blood pressure.

## A Word From Verywell

Diaphragmatic breathing is a stress management tool that can be performed virtually anywhere, once you've mastered the basic technique. In the beginning, you might need to schedule deep breathing practice sessions. However, over time, deep breathing can become second nature.

[10 Easy Breathing Exercises for Anxiety](https://www.verywellhealth.com/breathing-exercises-for-anxiety-5088091)

### Frequently Asked Questions

- Is diaphragmatic breathing better than other breathing techniques?







Diaphragmatic breathing is better than shallow "chest breathing" that often occurs when a person is under stress.

- How often should I practice diaphragmatic breathing?







Ideally, you should incorporate diaphragmatic breathing throughout your day. Practice sessions only need to last a few minutes at a time.

- What are the symptoms of a weak diaphragm?







Diaphragm weakness can cause shortness of breath at rest and with activity. You might also feel tired most of the time and have difficulty sleeping.


4 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our [editorial process](/verywell-editorial-process-4777042) to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

1. Harvard Health Publishing. [Learning diaphragmatic breathing](https://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/learning-diaphragmatic-breathing#:~:text=Diaphragmatic%20breathing%20%28also%20called%20%22abdominal%20breathing%22%20or%20%22belly,pressure.%20Find%20stability%20with%20a%20charitable%20gift%20annuity).

2. Harvard Health Publishing. [Understanding the stress response](https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/understanding-the-stress-response).

3. Ma X, Yue ZQ, Gong ZQ, et al. [The effect of diaphragmatic breathing on attention, negative affect and stress in healthy adults](https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2017.00874). _Front Psychol_. 2017;8:874. doi:10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2017.00874

4. Hamasaki H. [Effects of diaphragmatic breathing on health: a narrative review](https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmedicines7100065). _Medicines (Basel)_. 2020;7(10):65. doi:10.3390%2Fmedicines7100065


By [Aubrey Bailey, PT, DPT, CHT](https://www.verywellhealth.com/aubrey-bailey-5194548)

Dr, Bailey is a Virginia-based physical therapist and professor of anatomy and physiology with over a decade of experience.

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