Evolution of Language | Theories & Development - Lesson | Study.com
Learn about the evolution of language. Discover approaches to understanding human language development and study theories on how human language evolved.
biological evolutions
The theory of Co-Evolution emerged from renowned linguist Noam Chomsky. Chomsky is considered by many to be the father of modern linguistics. The co-evolution theory explains that language began because of biological changes over the centuries. Researchers now know that the vocal anatomy for the modern range of sounds appeared 100,000 years ago - this is not to say that hominids did not use language with limited sounds. Other <anchor>biological evolutions</anchor> support Chomsky's theory, such as the adaption of downward-pointing teeth and anatomical changes to facial muscles.
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# Evolution in Biology \| Definition, Theory & Biologists

Instructor_Reed Hepler_Show bio

Reed Hepler received an M.L.I.S. from IUPUI, with emphases in Digital Curation and Archives Management. He received a Bachelor’s in History from USU, with minors in Religious Studies and Anthropology. He also earned a Certificate in Museum Studies. He has worked in museums, libraries, archives, and historical sites for the past four years.

Cite this lesson _![](/images/reDesign/svg/icon_citation_bubble.svg)_

Read about what evolution is in biology. Learn about the study and definition of evolution and discover multiple scientists who contributed to this theory.


Updated: 09/26/2022


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## Table of Contents

- [What is Evolution in Biology?](#section---WhatIsEvolutionInBiology)
- [Evolutionary Biologists](#section---EvolutionaryBiologists)
- [Lesson Summary](#section---LessonSummary)

Show

**What is Evolution in Biology?**

**Biology** is the scientific study of the processes and features of living things. Through this study, researchers can understand how different organisms are related to each other within a species. Scientists are also be able to learn how different species are related to each other. Biology contains several major scientific fields and focuses of research. One of these is **evolution**. Evolution is defined in biology as the process through which a newer species morphs from an older species. Evolution is also referred to as speciation, which literally means the process of the development of a discrete species. Evolution is the result of years of **natural selection**. An environment, or nature, selects organisms that have specific physical traits. Over time, the desired physical traits become more prominent. When these physical attributes become sufficiently different than the original dominant iteration of the parent species, a new species is created. Generally speaking, members of preexisting species are not able to reproduce with members of the species that have evolved from them. Newer species retain some traits from their parent species, but have significant new physical features as well.

### What is the Theory of Evolution?

Scientists have gradually developed the **theory of evolution** since the nineteenth century when various scientists originated its central ideas. This theory states that all species in the current world were produced through the process of natural selection explained above. Differences in the physical traits of species, no matter how similar they are, have been formed because of the regulation of natural selection. The discrete physical attributes were formed because they were advantageous for survival in the unique environments of each species.

The term _theory of evolution_ is actually not a complete phrase. The full term was the ''theory of evolution by natural selection.'' This phrase was first used by the English biologist and naturalist Charles Darwin. He wrote in his book, _On the Origin of Species_, that all species were created through this process. He developed the first iteration of this theory by observing the similarities and differences between bird species in the Galapagos Islands. As he traveled the world and examined animals, Darwin improved upon this theory. During and after his lifetime, other scientists leaped on the evolution bandwagon, verified its ideas, and contributed their ideas. Some of these were erroneous but well-intentioned guesses. Others were proven correct through scientific analysis.

The modern scientific study of evolution incorporates biology and chemistry. Modern study of evolution includes the effects of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, on the creation of a body's physical traits. All individuals have a unique **genotype**. This is a collection of genetic codes of proteins in a DNA strand. Every three proteins in a DNA strand create a single unit of genetic code. These units are called **codons**. Due to the presence of certain codons and other factors, genotypes are manipulated and regulated to cause the presence of a person's **phenotype**. These are the physical traits that are present in a human's body. They are a fraction of the traits that are encoded in the genotype.

This timeline shows the approximate time range for the development of various important species on the earth.

![Color image of the timeline of evolution showing various speciation milestones.](/cimages/multimages/16/1161px-timeline_evolution_of_life.svg777068059465524200.png)

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**Evolutionary Biologists**

Research on the modern theory of evolution is conducted by **evolutionary biologists**. These researchers are biologists whose research is completely devoted to exploring connections between species and the processes of speciation and natural selection.

Charles Darwin was the first researcher to come up with the theory of evolution.

![Black and white photograph of Charles Darwin.](/cimages/multimages/16/charles_darwin_seated_crop6262024163783975304.jpg)

- Charles Darwin: Charles Darwin, as noted above, was the researcher who created the first iteration of the theory of evolution. He was a naturalist who traveled throughout the world and examined the physical attributes of bird species. Toward the end of his life, Darwin also examined the beginnings of speciation that led to the creation of modern human physical traits.
- Theodosius Dobzhansky: This scientist, who was prominent in the middle of the twentieth century, was one of the main creators of the Modern Synthesis of Evolutionary Theory. This iteration of the theory combined Darwin's theories and neo-Darwinist concepts with principles of genetics. **Neo-Darwinism** expands upon the theories of Charles Darwin by including modern scientific theories such as the process of gene mutation.
- E. B. Ford: Edmund Ford was a British scientist who examined the physical characteristics of the peppered moth in order to understand the workings of evolution that created that species. He wrote a landmark work on evolution in 1931, entitled _Mendelism and Evolution_. He wrote another major work more than thirty years later, _Ecological Genetics_.
- Ronald Fisher, Sewall Wright, J. S. Haldane: These three scientists worked together to create the idea of population genetics. They examined how physical characteristics were present in local populations and how the ratio of these characteristics could change.
- Ernst Mayr: Throughout the twentieth century, Mayr created a taxonomic system for birds. He examined population genetics and synthesized Darwin's evolutionary theory with the genetics ideas proposed by Gregor Mendel. He also pioneered the genetics synthesis theories in one of his major works, _Systematics and the Origin of Species_. This work was published in 1942, while Mayr was involved in intense research on avian speciation and taxonomy.
- G. Ledyard Stebbins: George Stebbins is known as the first man to successfully create a synthetic hybrid plant species that could live in conditions that were natural rather than controlled. While many other scientists focused on evolution in animals, Stebbins examined the evolutionary process in plants.
- Richard Lewontin: In 1972, Lewontin published _The Apportionment of Human Diversity_. This paper was the first iteration of his most famous theory regarding evolutionary biology. He proposed that variation in genetic material was more drastic in a local population than it was between multiple populations. This theory was later proven to be correct.
- Stephen Jay Gould: Gould is famous for being controversial in the world of evolutionary biology. Most people before the 1970s assumed that the process of evolution was a steady, ongoing process. Gould proposed that there were pauses in evolution. This theory is known as the ''theory of punctuated equilibrium.''

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**Lesson Summary**

**Biology** is the scientific study of biological life. It includes classifying all living organisms into various categories, examining how different species of living organisms interact, and learning how current physical characteristics came into being. **Evolution** is the theory of how current species descended from historical species. Evolution is the creation of a completely new species. It is also called speciation. **Natural selection** occurs when certain physical traits are preserved through reproduction. As certain physical traits continue to be reproduced, they become more prominent. Eventually, these physical traits become so prominent that the new iteration of a species becomes incompatible with other members of the species. Thus, a new species is created.

The **theory of evolution** was initiated by Charles Darwin when he wrote his first major work, _On the Origin of Species_. Darwin formulated this idea by examining the physical characteristics of discrete bird species in the Galapagos Islands. After he published his research, others expanded on his ideas. In the modern iteration of the theory of evolution, DNA is seen as the cause of physical trait differences. **Codons**, or three-protein segments in an organism's DNA, create genetic codes. The codes and traits encoded in them are called the **genotype**. Some codons inhibit certain traits from being expressed. The result is the creation of a unique **phenotype**. This is the term for the physical traits that are expressed in a body. Scientists who research evolution are called **evolutionary biologists**. The most prominent evolutionary biologists are Charles Darwin, Ernst Mayr, and Stephen Jay Gould. **Neo-Darwinism** expands on the original theory of evolution by including the ideas of modern sciences such as those regarding DNA and gene mutation.

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Frequently Asked Questions

#### What does an evolutionary biologist do?

An evolutionary biologist researches the theory of evolution through multiple methods. One of these is observing external physical traits, another is through examining DNA.

#### What is the best definition of evolution?

Evolution is the process by which new species are created. Continuous natural selection results in the creation of notable trends in certain physical traits. Enough difference results in a new species being formed.

#### Why is evolution studied?

Evolution is studied so that researchers can understand the relationship between humans and other species. Ancestral species and their similarities to current species can also be analyzed.

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Ch 2.

General Famous People in Science

Ch 3.

General Chemistry

Ch 4.

General Geography

Ch 5.

General Astronomy

Ch 6.

General Health and Medicine

Ch 7.

General Physics

Ch 8.

General Earth Science

Ch 9.

General Pre-Historic

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