Health Benefits of Mediterranean Diet - PMC - NCBI
There is also evidence of a potential role of the Mediterranean diet in preventing certain cancers [9]. Finally, a new field of research has ...
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4. Grosso G., Marventano S., Yang J., Micek A., Pajak A., Scalfi L., Galvano F., Kales S.N. A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal? Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2017;57:3218–3232. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1107021. [ PubMed] [ <anchor>CrossRef</anchor>] [ Google Scholar]
A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal?: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition: Vol 57 , No 15 - Get Access
A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal?: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition: Vol 57 , No 15 - Get Access

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Original Articles

# A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal?

[Giuseppe Grosso](/author/Grosso%2C+Giuseppe) Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Catania, ItalyCorrespondence[giuseppe.grosso@studium.unict.it](mailto:giuseppe.grosso@studium.unict.it)

, MD, PhD,
[Stefano Marventano](/author/Marventano%2C+Stefano) Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,”Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
[Justin Yang](/author/Yang%2C+Justin) Department of Environmental Health, Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
,
[Agnieszka Micek](/author/Micek%2C+Agnieszka) Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
,
[Andrzej Pajak](/author/Pajak%2C+Andrzej) Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
,
[Luca Scalfi](/author/Scalfi%2C+Luca) Department of Food Science, “Federico II” University Medical School, Naples, Italy
,
[Fabio Galvano](/author/Galvano%2C+Fabio) Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
&
[Stefanos N. Kales](/author/Kales%2C+Stefanos+N) Department of Environmental Health, Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;The Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
show all

Pages 3218-3232
\|
Published online: 23 May 2017

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## ABSTRACT

Many studies have reported that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet may decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the association in prospective studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) between Mediterranean diet adherence and CVD incidence and mortality. The PubMed database was searched up to June 2014. A total of 17 studies were extracted and 11 qualified for the quantitative analysis. Individuals in the highest quantile of adherence to the diet had lower incidence \[relative risk (RR): 0.76, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.68, 0.83\] and mortality (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83) from CVD compared to those least adherent. A significant reduction of risk was found also for coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.83), and stroke (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96) incidence. Pooled analyses of individual components of the diet revealed that the protective effects of the diet appear to be most attributable to olive oil, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. An average reduced risk of 40% for the aforementioned outcomes has been retrieved when pooling results of RCTs. A Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower risks of CVD incidence and mortality, including CHD and MI. The relative effects of specific food groups should be further investigated.

KEYWORDS:

- [Prevention](/keyword/Prevention)
- [randomized controlled trials](/keyword/randomized+controlled+trials)
- [prospective cohort studies](/keyword/prospective+cohort+studies)
- [olive oil](/keyword/olive+oil)
- [vegetables](/keyword/vegetables)
- [fruit](/keyword/fruit)
- [legumes](/keyword/legumes)

### Acknowledgments

Author contributions were the following: G.G. conceived and designed the study; G.G., S.M., and A.M. analyzed data; G.G., J.Y., and S.N.K. wrote the paper; G.G., S.M., F.G., L.S., and S.N.K. interpreted results; G.G., J.Y., L.S., A.P., F.G., and S.N.K. revised the article for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the article.

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