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digital project management tools
It isn’t surprising that project management is an in-demand skill as it is integral to success in many industries, including engineering and IT. The primary constraints in project management are scope, time, and budget. There are many project management methodologies and techniques, including scrum, waterfall, agile, and lean. One of the most sought-after skills for managerial or higher positions is digital project management. Regardless of industry, competencies in <anchor>digital project management tools</anchor> such as Trello, and Asana are highly desirable.
Project management software - Wikipedia
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## Contents

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- (Top)

- [1History](#History)Toggle History subsection  - [1.1Predecessors](#Predecessors)
  - [1.2Emergence of the term "project management" and modernized techniques](#Emergence_of_the_term_"project_management"_and_modernized_techniques)
  - [1.3The first project management products and associations](#The_first_project_management_products_and_associations)
- [2Tasks and activities](#Tasks_and_activities)Toggle Tasks and activities subsection  - [2.1Scheduling](#Scheduling)
  - [2.2Providing information](#Providing_information)
- [3Types](#Types)Toggle Types subsection  - [3.1Collaborative](#Collaborative)
  - [3.2Visual](#Visual)
- [4See also](#See_also)
- [5References](#References)
- [6Further reading](#Further_reading)

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# Project management software

17 languages

- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektstyringsv%C3%A6rkt%C3%B8j "Projektstyringsværktøj – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektmanagement-Software "Projektmanagement-Software – German")
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- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logiciel_de_gestion_de_projets "Logiciel de gestion de projets – French")
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- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_gestionale "Software gestionale – Italian")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmatuur_voor_projectplanning "Programmatuur voor projectplanning – Dutch")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2 "プロジェクト管理ソフトウェア – Japanese")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprogramowanie_do_zarz%C4%85dzania_projektami "Oprogramowanie do zarządzania projektami – Polish")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_de_gerenciamento_de_projetos "Software de gerenciamento de projetos – Portuguese")
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- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programska_oprema_za_projektno_vodenje "Programska oprema za projektno vodenje – Slovenian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projekthanteringssystem "Projekthanteringssystem – Swedish")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proje_y%C3%B6netimi_yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1 "Proje yönetimi yazılımı – Turkish")
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- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6 "項目管理軟件 – Chinese")

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Computer software to manage projects

**Project management software** are computer programs that help plan, organize, and manage resources.

Depending on the sophistication of the software, it can manage [estimation](/wiki/Software_development_effort_estimation "Software development effort estimation") and planning, [scheduling](/wiki/Schedule_(workplace) "Schedule (workplace)"), [cost control](/wiki/Cost_control "Cost control"), [budget management](/wiki/Budget_management "Budget management"), [resource allocation](/wiki/Resource_allocation "Resource allocation"), [collaboration software](/wiki/Collaboration_software "Collaboration software"), [communication](/wiki/Communication "Communication"), [decision-making](/wiki/Decision-making_software "Decision-making software"), quality management, [time management](/wiki/Time_management "Time management") and [documentation](/wiki/Documentation "Documentation") or administration systems.

Numerous PC and browser-based project management software and [contract management software](/wiki/Contract_management_software "Contract management software") products and services are available.

## History

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: History")\]

### Predecessors

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Predecessors")\]

The first historically relevant year for the development of project management software was 1896, marked by the introduction of the Harmonogram. Polish economist [Karol Adamiecki](/wiki/Karol_Adamiecki "Karol Adamiecki") attempted to display task development in a floating chart and laid the foundation for project management software as it is today.[\[1\]](#cite_note-1) In 1912, [Henry Gantt](/wiki/Henry_Gantt "Henry Gantt") replaced the Harmonogram with the more advanced [Gantt chart](/wiki/Gantt_chart "Gantt chart"), a scheduling diagram that broke ship design tasks down for the purposes of Hoover Dam in early 1931.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\] Today's Gantt charts are almost the same as their original counterparts and are a part of many project management systems.

### Emergence of the term "project management" and modernized techniques

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Emergence of the term \"project management\" and modernized techniques")\]

The term _[project management](/wiki/Project_management "Project management")_ was not used prior to 1954 when [US Air Force](/wiki/United_States_Air_Force "United States Air Force") General [Bernard Adolph Schriever](/wiki/Bernard_Adolph_Schriever "Bernard Adolph Schriever") introduced it for military purposes. In the years to follow, project management gained relevance in the business world — a trend that had a lot to do with the formation of the [American Association of Engineers](/wiki/AACE_International "AACE International") AACE (1956), and Rang and DuPont's Critical Path Method, which has been used to calculate project duration ever since 1957.[\[2\]](#cite_note-2)

The trend is also related to the appearance of the [Program Evaluation Review Technique](/wiki/Program_evaluation_and_review_technique "Program evaluation and review technique") (PERT) in 1958. PERT advanced project monitoring, enabling users to simultaneously monitor tasks, evaluate their quality, and estimate the time needed to accomplish each of them. Like [Gantt charts](/wiki/Gantt_chart "Gantt chart") and CPM, PERT was invented for military purposes, this time for the US Navy Polaris missile submarine program.[\[3\]](#cite_note-3)

In 1965, there was a new improvement in project management technology. The [US Department of Defense](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense "United States Department of Defense") presented the [work breakdown structure](/wiki/Work_breakdown_structure "Work breakdown structure") (WBS) to dissolve projects into even smaller visual units, organizing them in a hierarchical tree structure. WBS was an inspiration for [Winston Royce](/wiki/Winston_W._Royce "Winston W. Royce")’s Waterfall Method (1970) where management phases are organized in a way that doesn’t allow a new task to begin before the previous ones are completed.[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)

### The first project management products and associations

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: The first project management products and associations")\]

In the period between 1965 and 1969, two of the leading project management associations were formed: the International Project Management Association (IPMA) in Europe, and the [Project Management Institute](/wiki/Project_Management_Institute "Project Management Institute") (PMI) which trains project management professionals and issues certificates. With businesses shifting towards technology-based and paperless methods, the first project management systems started to emerge.[\[5\]](#cite_note-5) [Oracle](/wiki/Oracle_Corporation "Oracle Corporation") and [Artemis](/wiki/Artemis_(software) "Artemis (software)") launched their project managers in 1977, while Scitor Corporation did the same in 1979.[\[6\]](#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](#cite_note-7) Many improvements followed in the upcoming decades. In 1986, [Carnegie Mellon University](/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University "Carnegie Mellon University")’s [Software Engineering Institute](/wiki/Software_Engineering_Institute "Software Engineering Institute") introduced capability maturity software, a five-level project management method for rapidly maturing processes, while in 1988, users were introduced to earned value management which added processes’ scope and cost to the schedule.[\[8\]](#cite_note-8) The trend continued with [PRINCE2](/wiki/PRINCE2 "PRINCE2") (1996) which increased the number of processes to seven, because of which developers considered designing products for managing complex projects. In 2001, they adopted the [Agile project management](/wiki/Agile_management "Agile management") concept and focused on adaptive planning and flexible response to changes. In 2006, users were already able to trigger [total cost management](/wiki/Total_cost_management "Total cost management"), a framework that helps control and reduce costs in project management.[\[9\]](#cite_note-9)

## Tasks and activities

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Tasks and activities")\]

### Scheduling

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Scheduling")\]

One of the most common project management software tool types is [scheduling](/wiki/Schedule_(project_management) "Schedule (project management)") tools. Scheduling tools are used to sequence project activities and assign dates and resources to them. The detail and sophistication of a schedule produced by a scheduling tool can vary considerably with the [project management methodology](/wiki/Project_management#Approaches_of_project_management "Project management") used, the [features](/wiki/Comparison_of_project_management_software#Features "Comparison of project management software") provided and the scheduling methods supported. Scheduling tools may include support for:[\[10\]](#cite_note-10)

- Multiple dependency relationship types between activities.
- Resource assignment and [leveling](/wiki/Resource_leveling "Resource leveling")
- [Critical path](/wiki/Critical_path_method "Critical path method")
- Activity duration estimation and [probability-based simulation](/wiki/Project_management_simulation "Project management simulation")
- Activity cost accounting.

### Providing information

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Providing information")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg)

This section **does not [cite](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources") any [sources](/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability")**. Please help [improve this section](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Project_management_software "Special:EditPage/Project management software") by [adding citations to reliable sources](/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners "Help:Referencing for beginners"). Unsourced material may be challenged and [removed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence "Wikipedia:Verifiability")._(June 2023)__([Learn how and when to remove this message](/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))_

[Project planning](/wiki/Project_planning "Project planning") software can be expected to provide information to various people or stakeholders, and can be used to measure and justify the level of effort required to complete the project(s). Typical requirements might include:

- Overview information on how long tasks will take to complete.
- Early warning of any risks to the project.
- Information on workload, for planning holidays.
- [Evidence](/wiki/Evidence_(law) "Evidence (law)").
- Historical information on how projects have progressed, and in particular, how actual and planned performance are related.
- Optimum utilization of available resources.
- Cost maintenance.
- Collaboration with each teammate and customer.
- Instant communication with collaborators and customers.

## Types

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Types")\]

### Collaborative

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Collaborative")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg)

This section **does not [cite](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources") any [sources](/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability")**. Please help [improve this section](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Project_management_software "Special:EditPage/Project management software") by [adding citations to reliable sources](/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners "Help:Referencing for beginners"). Unsourced material may be challenged and [removed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence "Wikipedia:Verifiability")._(June 2023)__([Learn how and when to remove this message](/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))_

A collaborative system is designed to support multiple users modifying different sections of the plan at once; for example, updating the areas they personally are responsible for such that those estimates get integrated into the overall plan. [Web-based](/wiki/Web-based "Web-based") tools, including [extranets](/wiki/Extranet "Extranet"), generally fall into this category, but have the limitation that they can only be used when the user has live Internet access. To address this limitation, some software tools using [client–server architecture](/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_architecture "Client–server architecture") provide a [rich client](/wiki/Rich_client "Rich client") that runs on users' [desktop computer](/wiki/Desktop_computer "Desktop computer") and replicates project and task information to other project team members through a central server when users connect periodically to the network. Some tools allow team members to check out their schedules (and others' as read only) to work on them while not on the network. When reconnecting to the database, all changes are synchronized with the other schedules.

### Visual

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Visual")\]

A common problem in project management is a difficulty with both viewing and understanding large amounts of fluctuating project data.[\[11\]](#cite_note-11) To tackle this, some project management software utilize [information visualization](/wiki/Information_visualization "Information visualization"), so that users can more easily find, analyze and make changes to their data. To avoid [information overload](/wiki/Information_overload "Information overload"),[\[12\]](#cite_note-12) the visualization mantra of “overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand” is often followed.[\[13\]](#cite_note-13)

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: See also")\]

- [Comparison of project management software](/wiki/Comparison_of_project_management_software "Comparison of project management software")
- [Project management](/wiki/Project_management "Project management")
- [Project management information system](/wiki/Project_management_information_system "Project management information system")
- [Project portfolio management](/wiki/Project_portfolio_management "Project portfolio management")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: References")\]

01. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**["The Harmonogram"](http://projectmanagementhistory.com/The_Harmonogram.html), _projectmanagementhistory.com_,
02. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**["About UsAACE International: The Authority for Total Cost Management"](http://www.aacei.org/aboutUs/), _aacei.org_,
03. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**["PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT)"](http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Per-Pro/Program-Evaluation-and-Review-Technique-PERT.html), _referenceforbusiness.com_,
04. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**["“Breaking Down” The Work Breakdown Structure"](http://www.dau.mil/pubscats/pubscats/pm/articles02/lit-ma2.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161221132113/http://www.dau.mil/pubscats/PubsCats/PM/articles02/lit-ma2.pdf) 2016-12-21 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), _dau.mil_,
05. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**Sandro Azzopardi, ["THE EVOLUTION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT"](https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/evolution-of-project-management.php), _projectsmart.co.uk_,
06. **[^](#cite_ref-6)**Sandro Azzopardi, ["Oracle's History: Innovation, Leadership, Results"](http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/history/index.html), _oracle.com_,
07. **[^](#cite_ref-7)**["Metier Artemis"](http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/14416/Metier-Artemis/), _computinghistory.org.uk_,
08. **[^](#cite_ref-8)**["Technical Report"](https://www.sei.cmu.edu/reports/93tr024.pdf), _sei.cmu.edu_,
09. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**["TOTAL COST MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK"](http://www.aacei.org/tcmfree/tcmframework_webedition.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160530211731/http://www.aacei.org/tcmfree/tcmframework_webedition.pdf) 2016-05-30 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), _aacei.org_,
10. **[^](#cite_ref-10)**Nevogt, Dave (17 September 2013). ["31 Project Management Solutions"](http://blog.hubstaff.com/31-project-management-solutions/). [Hubstaff](/wiki/Hubstaff "Hubstaff"). Retrieved 3 November 2013.
11. **[^](#cite_ref-11)**["\| Marketing Technology"](https://www.marketingtechblog.com/pms-problems/). _Marketing Technology_. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
12. **[^](#cite_ref-12)**Wurman, From the book "Information Anxiety" by Richard Saul Wurman Copyright 1989 by Richard Saul (1989-01-22). ["INFORMATION OVERLOAD : What to Do When Anxiety Cripples You"](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-01-22-tm-1044-story.html). _Los Angeles Times_. [ISSN](/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) "ISSN (identifier)") [0458-3035](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035). Retrieved 2016-01-08.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( [link](/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list "Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list"))
13. **[^](#cite_ref-13)**Shneiderman, Ben (1996). "The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations". _University of Maryland, Human Computer Interaction Laboratory_.

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- [Remember the Milk](/wiki/Remember_the_Milk "Remember the Milk")
- [Reminders](/wiki/Reminders_(Apple) "Reminders (Apple)")
- [Rework.com](/w/index.php?title=Rework.com&action=edit&redlink=1 "Rework.com (page does not exist)")
- [ShotGrid](/wiki/ShotGrid "ShotGrid")
- [Slack](/wiki/Slack_(software) "Slack (software)")
- [TaskCracker](/wiki/TaskCracker_for_Outlook "TaskCracker for Outlook")
- [TaskJuggler](/wiki/TaskJuggler "TaskJuggler")
- [Taskwarrior](/wiki/Taskwarrior "Taskwarrior")
- [Taskworld](/wiki/Taskworld "Taskworld")
- [Teamwork](/wiki/Teamwork_(project_management) "Teamwork (project management)")
- [Things](/wiki/Things_(software) "Things (software)")
- [Trello](/wiki/Trello "Trello")
- [Workflowy](/wiki/Workflowy "Workflowy")
- [YouTrack](/wiki/YouTrack "YouTrack")

Discontinued

- [IQTELL](/wiki/IQTELL "IQTELL")
- [Springpad](/wiki/Springpad "Springpad")
- [Wunderlist](/wiki/Wunderlist "Wunderlist")
- Nitro

- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png)[Category](/wiki/Category:Task_management_software "Category:Task management software")

## Further reading

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Further reading")\]

- Project Time Management. (2008). In A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide) (4th ed., p. 145). Newtown Square, Pa: Project Management Institute. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1933890517](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933890517 "Special:BookSources/978-1933890517")

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- This page was last edited on 4 September 2024, at 11:58 (UTC).
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