10 Important Impressionist Painters Who Shaped the Iconic Movement
Claude Monet (1840–1926) is the artist most closely associated with Impressionism. This is due in part to Impression, Sunrise, a piece he ...
modern art
While a myriad of artists influenced the iconic movement, the work of a select few has resonated particularly strongly over the last century. Here, we explore the work of these iconic Impressionist painters in order to understand their respective contributions to the first <anchor>modern art</anchor> movement.
What Is Modern Art? Not To Be Confused With Contemporary Art
What Is Modern Art? Not To Be Confused With Contemporary Art

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# What is Modern Art? Exploring the Movements That Define the Groundbreaking Genre


By [Kelly Richman-Abdou](/author/kelly) on September 5, 2022



![What is Modern Art Definition Modern Art Movements](https://mymodernmet.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/what-is-modern-art-definition.png)

Modern art is renowned for its avant-garde aesthetic and celebrated for its forward-thinking artists. Developing over the course of roughly 100 years, it incorporates [many major art movements](https://mymodernmet.com/important-art-movements/) and has inevitably seen an eclectic range of styles.

In order to trace modern art's remarkable evolution, one must recognize and understand the many genres that compose it. To do this, however, it is helpful to come up with a modern art definition.

**Table of Contents**hide

[1What is Modern Art?](#What_is_Modern_Art)

[2Major Movements and Artists](#Major_Movements_and_Artists)

[2.1Impressionism](#Impressionism)

[2.2Post-Impressionism](#Post-Impressionism)

[2.3Fauvism](#Fauvism)

[2.4Expressionism](#Expressionism)

[2.5Cubism](#Cubism)

[2.6Surrealism](#Surrealism)

[2.7Abstract Expressionism](#Abstract_Expressionism)

[3Modern Art vs. Contemporary Art](#Modern_Art_vs_Contemporary_Art)

[4Frequently Asked Questions](#Frequently_Asked_Questions)

[4.1What is modern art?](#What_is_modern_art)

[4.2Is Impressionism modern art?](#Is_Impressionism_modern_art)

## What is Modern Art?

Not to be confused with [contemporary art](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-contemporary-art-definition/), the “ **modern art**” label refers to late 19th and early-to-mid 20th-century art. Works produced during this time showcase artists' interest in re-imagining, reinterpreting, and even rejecting traditional aesthetic values of preceding styles.

## Major Movements and Artists

Starting with light and airy Impressionism and ending with energetic Abstract Expressionism, the modern art genre is composed of several major movements.

### **Impressionism**

![What is Modern Art Definition Modern Art Movements](data:image/svg+xml,<svg%20xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"%20viewBox="0%200%20750%20582"></svg>)

Claude Monet, “Impression, Sunrise,” 1872 (Photo: [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMonet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg), Public domain)

Widely considered the catalyst for modern art, [**Impressionism**](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-impressionism-definition/) challenged the rigid rules and realistic depictions of academic painting. The movement emerged in 1872, when [Claude Monet](https://mymodernmet.com/claude-monet-paintings/) innovatively employed blurred brushstrokes, a focus on light, and a vivid color palette to paint _[Impression, Sunrise](https://mymodernmet.com/claude-monet-impression-sunrise/)._

This style dominated French painting until the turn of the century, with [Impressionist artists](https://mymodernmet.com/impressionist-artists-list/) like Monet, [Pierre-Auguste Renoir](https://mymodernmet.com/famous-renoir-paintings/), and [Edgar Degas](https://mymodernmet.com/edgar-degas-dancers/) at the forefront.

### **Post-Impressionism**

![What is Modern Art Definition Modern Art Movements](data:image/svg+xml,<svg%20xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"%20viewBox="0%200%20750%20599"></svg>)

Vincent [van Gogh](https://mymodernmet.com/van-gogh "van Gogh"), “The [Starry Night](https://mymodernmet.com/van-gogh "van Gogh"),” 1889 (Photo: [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AVanGogh-starry_night_ballance1.jpg), Public domain)

Inspired by the artistic freedom introduced by the Impressionists, artists like [Paul Cézanne](https://mymodernmet.com/paul-cezanne-paintings/), [Paul Gauguin](https://mymodernmet.com/paul-gauguin-paintings/), [Vincent van Gogh](https://mymodernmet.com/van-gogh-self-portraits/), and [Henri Toulouse-Lautrec](https://mymodernmet.com/toulous-lautrec-posters/) began working in distinctive, unconventional styles. Known as **[Post-Impressionism](https://mymodernmet.com/post-impressionism/)**, this colorful movement started in the 1890s and showcases an interest in emotion and a preference for subjective interpretation over realistic representation.

### **Fauvism**

![What is Modern Art Definition Modern Art Movements](data:image/svg+xml,<svg%20xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"%20viewBox="0%200%20750%201143"></svg>)

Les Fauves, Exhibition at the Salon D'Automne, from L'Illustration, November 4, 1905 (Photo: By Not identified, anonymous via [via Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALes_Fauves%2C_Exhibition_at_the_Salon_D'Automne%2C_from_L'Illustration%2C_4_November_1905.jpg), Public domain)

Founded by _les Fauves—_ an avant-garde group of artists including André Derain and [Henri Matisse](https://mymodernmet.com/henri-matisse-modern-art/)— [**Fauvism**](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-fauvism-definition/) first appeared in the early 20th century. Like the Post-Impressionists, Fauvists favored unrealistic tones and an emphasis on individual perceptions in their depictions, which typically featured recognizable (yet somewhat abstracted) forms.

### Expressionism

![What is Modern Art Definition Modern Art Movements](data:image/svg+xml,<svg%20xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"%20viewBox="0%200%20750%20548"></svg>)

Wassily Kandinski, “Reiter,” 1911 (Photo: [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWassily_Kandinsky%2C_1911%2C_Reiter_(Lyrishes)%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_94_x_130_cm%2C_Museum_Boijmans_Van_Beuningen.jpg), Public domain)

Shortly before World War I, painters in Germany and Austria began to take an experimental approach to their practice. Eventually known as **Expressionists**, these artists adopted and adapted the unprecedented characteristics of other modern movements. Like Post-Impressionist and Fauvist works of art, pieces rendered in the Expressionist style convey a fascination with bright, artificial color and individualistic iconography.

### **Cubism**

[Embed from Getty Images](http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/850607524)

Characterized by deconstructed, fractured forms, [**Cubism**](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-cubism-art/) marked modern art's shift toward abstraction. Pioneered in 1907 by Georges Braque and [Pablo Picasso](https://mymodernmet.com/pablo-picasso-self-portraits/), the [avant-garde](https://mymodernmet.com/avant-garde-art-definition/) movement materialized as topsy-turvy paintings, multi-dimensional sculptures, and cutting-edge [collages](https://mymodernmet.com/collage-art-collage/). Like other modern art movements, Cubism emphasized a subjective approach to creating. “When we discovered Cubism,” Picasso [explains](https://books.google.fr/books?id=YXxtLVKi7FEC&pg=RA1-PA41&lpg=RA1-PA41&dq=When+we+discovered+Cubism,+we+did+not+have+the+aim+of+discovering+Cubism.+We+only+wanted+to+express+what+was+in+us.&source=bl&ots=MAg23pRR5q&sig=LNpASaUUsF9rUuzDZJxmSRN-eV8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie_Pnfm5vXAhVILcAKHcYADr0Q6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=When%20we%20discovered%20Cubism%2C%20we%20did%20not%20have%20the%20aim%20of%20discovering%20Cubism.%20We%20only%20wanted%20to%20express%20what%20was%20in%20us.&f=false), “we did not have the aim of discovering Cubism. We only wanted to express what was in us.”

### **Surrealism**

[Embed from Getty Images](http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/1338661443)

In the 1920s, visual artists [Salvador Dalí](https://mymodernmet.com/salvador-dali-facts/), Max Ernst, [Man Ray](https://mymodernmet.com/man-ray-photography-and-art/), Joan Miró, and Yves Tanguy came together to found [**Surrealism**](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-surrealism-definition/), a movement rooted in the subconscious. Lacking “any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern” (André Breton, _Manifestoes of Surrealism)_, the genre culminated in a diverse collection of dream-like depictions straight from the artists' imaginations.

### **Abstract Expressionism**

[![Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)](data:image/svg+xml,<svg%20xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"%20viewBox="0%200%20750%20533"></svg>)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/greyloch/52240343183/ "Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)")

In the middle of the 20th century, an innovative group of artists forewent figurative styles of painting for an original, abstract aesthetic. Known as [**Abstract Expressionists**](https://mymodernmet.com/abstract-artists/), these painters placed artistic emphasis not only on modernist characteristics like color, composition, and emotion but on the creative process itself.

## Modern Art vs. Contemporary Art

[![32 Campbell's Soup Cans](data:image/svg+xml,<svg%20xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"%20viewBox="0%200%20750%20534"></svg>)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/poorcans/20900661451/in/photolist-xQVmtV-5Gpcy6-dbrigu-2Kc6y5-bPpHLH-o1ghNi-dawKmo-b9dWAz-A85J7S-947Gm7-db9nui-dbCTMa-9kW3oP-bg929D-7VA14C-b3GNHz-tSSCgM-9u2LmG-5Tdcvz-9Vgci1-btksB2-d5ZB4C-tAip9b-29QPU4e-dK32oJ-xjd8dh-jLqNgz-d6FZTE-iwy3qM-pN2oq7-d59a1m-cFnF9-d1f7A-qFrQCB-d4PJcS-PTu5B-dtqsb3-7UPQxx-d6vsdu-98y74S-d59WVJ-dRHQzA-dipMyG-9AkJRY-9jM9sU-db35U6-db37QG-GN83VH-d5ZB9y-6z15v3 "32 Campbell's Soup Cans")

Due to the experimental nature and overlapping themes of both modern and [contemporary art](https://mymodernmet.com/contemporary-art "contemporary art"), the genres are often confused for one another. However, once one recognizes the movements that compose each, the ambiguous, blurred line that differentiates them becomes clearer.

Typically, modern art is understood to include Impressionism, Abstract Expressionism, and the styles in between. Therefore, contemporary art commences with the first major movement following modernism— [Pop Art](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-pop-art-definition/)—and, of course, continues today.

## Frequently Asked Questions

### **What is modern art?**

Modern art refers to late 19th and early-to-mid 20th-century art, including Impressionism, Fauvism, and Expressionism. Works produced during this time showcase artists' interest in re-imagining, reinterpreting, and even rejecting traditional aesthetic values of preceding styles.

### **Is Impressionism modern art?**

Impressionism is regarded as the first modern art movement. It challenged the rigid rules and realistic depictions of academic painting, which served as a catalyst for the development of modern art.

#### This article has been edited and updated.

## Related Articles:

[Guggenheim Releases More Than 1,700 Masterful Works of Modern Art Online](https://mymodernmet.com/free-guggenheim-collection-online/)

[Guggenheim Museum Releases Over 200 Modern Art Books Online for Free](https://mymodernmet.com/guggenheim-museum-free-books-online/)

[8 Artists Who Harness the Power of Words in Art](https://mymodernmet.com/text-art-masters/)

### Kelly Richman-Abdou

Kelly Richman-Abdou is a Contributing Writer at My Modern Met. An art historian living in Paris, Kelly was born and raised in San Francisco and holds a BA in Art History from the University of San Francisco and an MA in Art and Museum Studies from Georgetown University. When she’s not writing, you can find Kelly wandering around Paris, whether she’s leading a tour (as a guide, she has been interviewed by BBC World News America and [France 24](https://www.france24.com/en/20190417-perspective-kelly-richman-abdou-paris-muse-notre-dame-fire-france-artefacts)) or simply taking a stroll with her husband and two tiny daughters.

[Read all posts from Kelly Richman-Abdou](https://mymodernmet.com/author/kelly/)

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