Airline - Wikipedia
The first airline was the German airship company DELAG, founded on November 16, 1909. ... The four oldest non-airship airlines that still exist are the ...
cabotage
Bilateral agreements are based on the " freedoms of the air", a group of generalized traffic rights ranging from the freedom to overfly a country to the freedom to provide domestic flights within a country (a very rarely granted right known as <anchor>cabotage</anchor>). Most agreements permit airlines to fly from their home country to designated airports in the other country: some also extend the freedom to provide continuing service to a third country, or to another destination in the other country while carrying passengers from overseas.
Cabotage - Wikipedia
Cabotage - Wikipedia[Jump to content](#bodyContent)

Main menu

Main menu

move to sidebarhide

Navigation


- [Main page](/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]")
- [Contents](/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia")
- [Current events](/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events")
- [Random article](/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]")
- [About Wikipedia](/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works")
- [Contact us](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia")
- [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en "Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation")

Contribute


- [Help](/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia")
- [Learn to edit](/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia")
- [Community portal](/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors")
- [Recent changes](/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]")
- [Upload file](/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia")

[![](/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png)![Wikipedia](/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg)![The Free Encyclopedia](/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg)](/wiki/Main_Page)

[Search](/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]")

Search

Appearance

- [Create account](/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cabotage "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory")
- [Log in](/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cabotage "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]")

Personal tools

- [Create account](/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cabotage "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory")
- [Log in](/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cabotage "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]")

Pages for logged out editors [learn more](/wiki/Help:Introduction)

- [Contributions](/wiki/Special:MyContributions "A list of edits made from this IP address [y]")
- [Talk](/wiki/Special:MyTalk "Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]")

## Contents

move to sidebarhide

- (Top)

- [1Etymology](#Etymology)
- [2In shipping](#In_shipping)Toggle In shipping subsection  - [2.1United States](#United_States)
- [3In passenger aviation](#In_passenger_aviation)Toggle In passenger aviation subsection  - [3.1European Union](#European_Union)
  - [3.2Australia and New Zealand](#Australia_and_New_Zealand)
  - [3.3Chile](#Chile)
  - [3.4Other examples](#Other_examples)
- [4In road transport](#In_road_transport)
- [5Related concepts](#Related_concepts)Toggle Related concepts subsection  - [5.1"Modified sixth freedom"](#"Modified_sixth_freedom")
  - [5.2Tag rights](#Tag_rights)
- [6Notes](#Notes)
- [7References](#References)
- [8External links](#External_links)

Toggle the table of contents

# Cabotage

32 languages

- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9 "مساحلة – Arabic")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotaj "Kabotaj – Azerbaijani")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6 "Кабатаж – Belarusian")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6 "Каботаж – Bulgarian")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabotatge "Cabotatge – Catalan")
- [Чӑвашла](https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6 "Каботаж – Chuvash")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabotage "Cabotage – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotage "Kabotage – German")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotaa%C5%BEvedu "Kabotaažvedu – Estonian")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabotaje "Cabotaje – Spanish")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotaje "Kabotaje – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98 "کابوتاژ – Persian")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabotage "Cabotage – French")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%B3%B4%ED%83%80%EC%A7%80 "카보타지 – Korean")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabota%C5%BEa "Kabotaža – Croatian")
- [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6 "Каботаж – Kazakh")
- [Кыргызча](https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6 "Каботаж – Kyrgyz")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabot%C4%81%C5%BEa "Kabotāža – Latvian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabot%C3%A1zs "Kabotázs – Hungarian")
- [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82 "കബോട്ടാഷ് നിയമം – Malayalam")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotaj "Kabotaj – Malay")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabotage "Cabotage – Dutch")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9C%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5 "カボタージュ – Japanese")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotasje "Kabotasje – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotasje "Kabotasje – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabota%C5%BC "Kabotaż – Polish")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabotaj "Cabotaj – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6 "Каботаж – Russian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotaasi "Kabotaasi – Finnish")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabotage "Cabotage – Swedish")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabotaj "Kabotaj – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6 "Каботаж – Ukrainian")

[Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q111155#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links")

- [Article](/wiki/Cabotage "View the content page [c]")
- [Talk](/wiki/Talk:Cabotage "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]")

English

- [Read](/wiki/Cabotage)
- [Edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit "Edit this page [e]")
- [View history](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]")

Tools

Tools

move to sidebarhide

Actions


- [Read](/wiki/Cabotage)
- [Edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit "Edit this page [e]")
- [View history](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=history)

General


- [What links here](/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cabotage "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]")
- [Related changes](/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cabotage "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]")
- [Upload file](/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard "Upload files [u]")
- [Special pages](/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]")
- [Permanent link](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&oldid=1234254022 "Permanent link to this revision of this page")
- [Page information](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=info "More information about this page")
- [Cite this page](/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cabotage&id=1234254022&wpFormIdentifier=titleform "Information on how to cite this page")
- [Get shortened URL](/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCabotage)
- [Download QR code](/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCabotage)
- [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q111155 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]")

Print/export


- [Download as PDF](/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cabotage&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file")
- [Printable version](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]")

In other projects


- [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cabotage)

Appearance

move to sidebarhide

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Transport within a country by an operator from another country

Not to be confused with [Sabotage](/wiki/Sabotage "Sabotage").

**Cabotage** ([/ˈkæbətɪdʒ,-tɑːʒ/](/wiki/Help:IPA/English "Help:IPA/English")) is the [transport](/wiki/Transport "Transport") of goods or passengers between two places in the same country. The term originally applied to shipping along coastal routes, port to port, but now applies to [aviation](/wiki/Aviation "Aviation"), [railways](/wiki/Railways "Railways"), and [road transport](/wiki/Road_transport "Road transport") as well.

**Cabotage rights** are the right of a company from one country to trade in another country. In aviation, it is the right to operate within the domestic borders of another country, particularly to carry passengers and cargo from one point in the other country directly to another point in the same country. Most countries do not permit aviation cabotage, and there are strict sanctions against it, for reasons of economic [protectionism](/wiki/Protectionism "Protectionism"), [national security](/wiki/National_security "National security"), or [public safety](/wiki/Public_safety "Public safety"). One notable exception is the [European Union](/wiki/European_Union "European Union"), whose member states all grant cabotage rights to each other.[\[1\]](#cite_note-1)

## Etymology

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Etymology")\]

The term "cabotage" is borrowed from French. It is derived from _caboter_ which means "to travel along the coast". The origin of _caboter_ is obscure: it may come from _cap_ or _cabo_ "cape", or it may refer to a type of boat. Attempts to link the name to the Italian explorer [Cabot](/wiki/John_Cabot "John Cabot") are not supported by evidence.[\[2\]](#cite_note-2)

## In shipping

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: In shipping")\]

Cabotage laws apply to merchant ships in most countries that have a coastline so as to protect the domestic shipping industry from foreign competition, preserve domestically owned shipping infrastructure for national security purposes, and ensure safety in congested territorial waters.[\[3\]](#cite_note-3)

For the history of cabotage in UK law, see [Navigation Acts](/wiki/Navigation_Acts "Navigation Acts").

[Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesia "Indonesia") implemented a cabotage policy in 2005 after previously allowing foreign-owned vessels to operate relatively freely within the country.[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)

In the Philippines, the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 1937) which is also known as the Cabotage Law restricts [coastwise trade](/wiki/Coastwise_trade "Coastwise trade") or the transport of passengers and goods within the country, to vessels with Philippine registry which has to secure a coastwise license from the [Maritime Industry Authority](/wiki/Maritime_Industry_Authority "Maritime Industry Authority"). After the passage of Foreign Ships Co-Loading Act or the Republic Act No. 10668 in 2015, foreign vessels with cargo intended to be exported out the country may dock in multiple ports in the country before transiting to a foreign port.[\[5\]](#cite_note-5)

China does not permit foreign flagged vessels to conduct domestic transport or domestic transhipments without the prior approval of the Ministry of Transport.[\[6\]](#cite_note-ukpandi-6) While Hong Kong and Macau maintain distinct internal cabotage regimes from the mainland, maritime cabotage between either territory and the mainland is considered domestic carriage and accordingly is off limits to foreign vessels.[\[6\]](#cite_note-ukpandi-6) Similarly, maritime crossings across the [Taiwan Strait](/wiki/Taiwan_Strait "Taiwan Strait") requires special permits from both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China and are usually off-limits to foreign vessels.[\[6\]](#cite_note-ukpandi-6)

In the EU, rights to cabotage in newly admitted member states (in particular, Greece, Spain and Portugal) were restricted;[\[7\]](#cite_note-7) but this introductory provision was abandoned after criticism in the light of the [Paros ferry disaster](/wiki/MS_Express_Samina "MS Express Samina").[\[8\]](#cite_note-8)

The [Hague–Visby Rules](/wiki/Hague%E2%80%93Visby_Rules "Hague–Visby Rules"), a convention which imposes duties on maritime carriers, apply only to "carriage of goods by sea between ports in two different states", and thus do not apply to cabotage shipping.[\[9\]](#cite_note-9) However, section 1(3) of the UK [Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971](/wiki/Carriage_of_Goods_by_Sea_Act_1971 "Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971") declares that the Rules "shall have effect … where the port of shipment is a port in the United Kingdom, whether or not the carriage is between ports in two different States …".

### United States

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: United States")\]

In the United States, the [Merchant Marine Act of 1920](/wiki/Merchant_Marine_Act_of_1920 "Merchant Marine Act of 1920") (Jones Act) requires that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried on ships that have been constructed in the United States and that fly the U.S. flag, are owned by U.S. citizens, and are crewed by U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. The [Passenger Vessel Services Act of 1886](/wiki/Passenger_Vessel_Services_Act_of_1886 "Passenger Vessel Services Act of 1886") states that no foreign vessels shall transport passengers between ports or places in the United States, either directly or by way of a foreign port.

A vessel satisfies the “U.S. built” requirement if:[\[6\]](#cite_note-ukpandi-6)

- “all major components of its hull[\[a\]](#cite_note-10) and superstructure are fabricated in the United States”
- assembly of the vessel occurs “entirely in the United States.”

The requirements of the Jones Act apply to transport between:[\[6\]](#cite_note-ukpandi-6)

- all points in the territorial sea, within three miles of the coast,
- points in internal waters of the United States,
- the island territories and possessions of the United States.
- pursuant to the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, the requirements also apply to structures attached to the American outer continental shelf for the purpose of exploration, development, or production of natural resources.

## In passenger aviation

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: In passenger aviation")\]

Cabotage rights remain rare in passenger aviation. The [Chicago Convention](/wiki/Convention_on_International_Civil_Aviation "Convention on International Civil Aviation") prohibits member states from granting cabotage on an exclusive basis, which has limited the availability of cabotage as a bargaining chip in bilateral aviation agreement negotiations.[\[10\]](#cite_note-havel-11) Cabotage is not granted under most [open skies](/wiki/Open_skies "Open skies") agreements.

### European Union

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: European Union")\]

Carriers licensed under EU law are permitted to engage in cabotage in any EU member state, with some limitations.[\[11\]](#cite_note-12) [Ryanair](/wiki/Ryanair "Ryanair"), [easyJet](/wiki/EasyJet "EasyJet"), [Vueling](/wiki/Vueling "Vueling"), [Wizz Air](/wiki/Wizz_Air "Wizz Air"), and [Aer Lingus](/wiki/Aer_Lingus "Aer Lingus") have bases and operate domestic services outside their home countries.

### Australia and New Zealand

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Australia and New Zealand")\]

The [Closer Economic Relations](/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations "Closer Economic Relations") agreement allows Australian air carriers to fly domestically and internationally from [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand "New Zealand") and vice versa. An Australian carrier, [Jetstar](/wiki/Jetstar "Jetstar") (a [Qantas](/wiki/Qantas "Qantas") subsidiary), flies domestic routes within New Zealand. [Air New Zealand](/wiki/Air_New_Zealand "Air New Zealand") offers one international destination from Australia outside New Zealand, flying between [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney "Sydney"), Australia and [Rarotonga](/wiki/Rarotonga "Rarotonga") of the [Cook Islands](/wiki/Cook_Islands "Cook Islands"). [Air New Zealand](/wiki/Air_New_Zealand "Air New Zealand") also flies one domestic route in Australia, between [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney "Sydney"), Australia and [Norfolk Island](/wiki/Norfolk_Island "Norfolk Island"), Australia. Previously, [Qantas Jetconnect](/wiki/Jetconnect "Jetconnect"), [Pacific Blue](/wiki/Pacific_Blue_Airlines "Pacific Blue Airlines") (a [Virgin Australia](/wiki/Virgin_Australia "Virgin Australia") subsidiary) and [Ansett New Zealand](/wiki/Ansett_New_Zealand "Ansett New Zealand") were Australian-owned airlines based in New Zealand that operated domestic New Zealand services.

Australia also permits foreign-owned airlines incorporated under Australian law (such as the domestic arm of [Virgin Australia](/wiki/Virgin_Australia "Virgin Australia")) to operate on domestic routes, although it prohibits such airlines from operating international routes as Australian [flag carriers](/wiki/Flag_carrier "Flag carrier"). They can, however still operate international routes if they are operated by an Australian-owned subsidiary.

### Chile

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Chile")\]

[Chile](/wiki/Chile "Chile") has the most liberal cabotage rules in the world, enacted in 1979, which allow foreign airlines to operate domestic flights, conditional upon reciprocal treatment for Chilean carriers in the foreign airline's country. This unusual regime is partly due to Chile's geographical need for air service, and partly to incentivize liberalization in other countries amid the international expansion of its flag carrier [LATAM Chile](/wiki/LATAM_Chile "LATAM Chile"), which now has major operations in many other Latin American countries.[\[10\]](#cite_note-havel-11) Like Australia, Chile allows foreign companies to set up Chilean subsidiaries to offer domestic flights in Chile, regardless of reciprocity.[\[12\]](#cite_note-13)

### Other examples

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Other examples")\]

Before 1991, [Lufthansa](/wiki/Lufthansa "Lufthansa") was prohibited from flying to [West Berlin](/wiki/West_Berlin "West Berlin"), so [Pan Am](/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways "Pan American World Airways"), [British Airways](/wiki/British_Airways "British Airways"), and [Air France](/wiki/Air_France "Air France") operated the routes between [West Germany](/wiki/West_Germany "West Germany") and West Berlin. For a short time in the late 1980s, [Trans World Airlines](/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines "Trans World Airlines") also flew between then-West Germany and West Berlin. During this time, Pan Am flew to Tegel, in Berlin, from [Munich-Riem Airport](/wiki/Munich-Riem_Airport "Munich-Riem Airport") (now closed), Hamburg and Frankfurt. Air France flew from [Düsseldorf](/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf "Düsseldorf"). British Airways flew from [Münster](/wiki/M%C3%BCnster "Münster")- [Osnabrück](/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck "Osnabrück"), [Hannover](/wiki/Hannover "Hannover"), and some other cities.

In 2003–2004, the [United States Department of Transportation](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation "United States Department of Transportation") authorized [Polynesian Airlines](/wiki/Polynesian_Airlines "Polynesian Airlines") to provide temporary cabotage service in [American Samoa](/wiki/American_Samoa "American Samoa") after all US-flagged airlines ceased operations in the region, one of very few instances where the US has granted cabotage rights in an emergency.[\[13\]](#cite_note-14)

In October 2007, the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") granted [Singapore](/wiki/Singapore "Singapore") carriers the right to fly domestic UK routes as part of an [open skies](/wiki/Open_skies "Open skies") agreement, which also allows British carriers to fly to any city from Singapore.[\[14\]](#cite_note-15)

Reciprocal cabotage rights exist by treaty between New Zealand and Brunei, and between the People's Republic of China and Albania.[\[10\]](#cite_note-havel-11)

## In road transport

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: In road transport")\]

The European Union allows limited cabotage for road transport. A non-resident carrier which has driven to another EU country is allowed to pick up and deliver a further load inside the host country before returning to the border.[\[15\]](#cite_note-16)

## Related concepts

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Related concepts")\]

### "Modified sixth freedom"

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: \"Modified sixth freedom\"")\]

The "modified [sixth freedom](/wiki/Freedoms_of_the_air "Freedoms of the air")" refers to the right to carry passengers between two points in country A through a hub in country B; for instance, a Boston-Toronto-Seattle itinerary.[\[16\]](#cite_note-17) Such services are currently considered to constitute cabotage and are not permitted.[\[17\]](#cite_note-18) In 2002, the United States fined [Asiana Airlines](/wiki/Asiana_Airlines "Asiana Airlines") for selling tickets from the mainland US to [Guam](/wiki/Guam "Guam") and [Saipan](/wiki/Saipan "Saipan") via Seoul.[\[18\]](#cite_note-19)

### Tag rights

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Tag rights")\]

Certain airlines operate services within a foreign country without the right to carry local traffic. For instance, [Qantas](/wiki/Qantas "Qantas") operates service between New York and Los Angeles solely for use by international connecting passengers. Such services are not generally considered to be cabotage.

## Notes

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Notes")\]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)**A component is “major” if it exceeds 1.5 percent of the vessel’s steelweight. A component is deemed part of the hull if it forms part of the watertight envelope of the vessel.

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: References")\]

01. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**["'European transport policy for 2010: time to decide' EU Commission White paper"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120927035247/http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/2001_white_paper_en.htm). Ec.europa.eu. 2005-12-01. Archived from [the original](http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/2001_white_paper_en.htm) on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
02. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**["Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales"](https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/caboter) (in French).
03. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**["Adherence to the cabotage system"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141226093328/http://www.naiko-kaiun.or.jp/e/union/union10.html). Japan Federation of Coastal Shipping Associations. Archived from [the original](http://www.naiko-kaiun.or.jp/e/union/union10.html) on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
04. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**["Cabotage provides a big boost to shipping industry"](http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/09/23/cabotage-provides-a-big-boost-shipping-industry.html). _The Jakarta Post_. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
05. **[^](#cite_ref-5)**["Beyond Republic Act No. 10668: Policy Considerations to Improve Coastwise Trade"](http://industry.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Beyond-Republic-Act-No-10668-Policy-Considerations-to-Improve-Coastwise-Trade.pdf)(PDF). Sector Planning Bureau of the Department of Trade and Industry. 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
06. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-ukpandi_6-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-ukpandi_6-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-ukpandi_6-2) [_**d**_](#cite_ref-ukpandi_6-3) [_**e**_](#cite_ref-ukpandi_6-4)["Legal Briefing: A Quick Overview of Maritime Cabotage Regimes"](https://www.ukpandi.com/-/media/files/imports/13108/briefings/33224---uk_legal_briefing_cabotage_web.pdf)(PDF). UK P&I Club. August 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
07. **[^](#cite_ref-7)**[EU derogations](http://www.bloomsburyprofessional.com/uk/exceptions-from-eu-free-movement-law-9781849466202/)
08. **[^](#cite_ref-8)**[Paros ferry disaster](http://www.greekislandhopping.com/Updates/updatepages/u_disaster.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110120222458/http://greekislandhopping.com/Updates/updatepages/u_disaster.html) 2011-01-20 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
09. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**Hague-Visby rules, Article X
10. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-havel_11-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-havel_11-1) [_**c**_](#cite_ref-havel_11-2)Havel, Brian F. (2014). [_The Principles and Practice of International Aviation Law_](https://books.google.com/books?id=C8H2AgAAQBAJ&q=chile%20cabotage&pg=PA50). Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–53. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781107020528](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107020528 "Special:BookSources/9781107020528"). Retrieved 26 December 2014.
11. **[^](#cite_ref-12)**["Cabotage"](http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/road/haulage/cabotage_en) European Commission.
12. **[^](#cite_ref-13)**["Communication from the Commission – Strengthening aviation relations with Chile"](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52005DC0406:EN:NOT). Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
13. **[^](#cite_ref-14)**["Cabotage definition and standards for emergency exemption"](http://www.doi.gov/oia/igia/2011/upload/20-AviationCabotageDOT.pdf)(PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
14. **[^](#cite_ref-15)**["Channelnewsasia.com"](http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/303608/1/.html). Channelnewsasia.com. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
15. **[^](#cite_ref-16)**[International and cabotage road transport](http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/127/international-and-cabotage-road-transport)
16. **[^](#cite_ref-17)**Vasigh, Bijan (2008). [_Introduction to Air Transport Economics: From Theory to Applications_](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzPekWiS9I0C&q=qantas%20new%20york%20cabotage&pg=PA157). Ashgate Publishing. pp. 156–157. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780754670797](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754670797 "Special:BookSources/9780754670797"). Retrieved 26 December 2014.
17. **[^](#cite_ref-18)**["Canada's new government delivers greater Air Travel choice through Open Skies agreement with the United States"](http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=283149) (Press release). [Government of Canada](/wiki/Government_of_Canada "Government of Canada"). 12 March 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
18. **[^](#cite_ref-19)**Compart, Andrew (31 October 2002). ["DOT fines Asiana for violating cabotage laws"](http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Airline-News/DOT-fines-Asiana-for-violating-cabotage-laws/). _Travel Weekly_. Retrieved 26 December 2014.

## External links

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: External links")\]

- [European Commission > 3rd railway package including cabotage](https://web.archive.org/web/20110101022429/http://ec.europa.eu/transport/rail/packages/2007_en.htm)
- [What is the meaning cabotage?](https://okiemtruckera.pl/blog/kabotaz-i-transport-kabotazowy/)
- ["European transport policy for 2010 : time to decide" European Union Commission White paper](https://web.archive.org/web/20120927035247/http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/2001_white_paper_en.htm)

Retrieved from " [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&oldid=1234254022](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&oldid=1234254022)"

[Categories](/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):

- [Business terms](/wiki/Category:Business_terms "Category:Business terms")
- [Political terminology](/wiki/Category:Political_terminology "Category:Political terminology")
- [International law](/wiki/Category:International_law "Category:International law")
- [International trade](/wiki/Category:International_trade "Category:International trade")
- [Freight transport](/wiki/Category:Freight_transport "Category:Freight transport")
- [Civil aviation](/wiki/Category:Civil_aviation "Category:Civil aviation")

Hidden categories:

- [CS1 French-language sources (fr)](/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr) "Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)")
- [Webarchive template wayback links](/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links "Category:Webarchive template wayback links")
- [Articles with short description](/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description "Category:Articles with short description")
- [Short description is different from Wikidata](/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata")

- This page was last edited on 13 July 2024, at 11:30 (UTC).
- Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License);
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the [Terms of Use](//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use) and [Privacy Policy](//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](//wikimediafoundation.org/), a non-profit organization.

- [Privacy policy](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy)
- [About Wikipedia](/wiki/Wikipedia:About)
- [Disclaimers](/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)
- [Contact Wikipedia](//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us)
- [Code of Conduct](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)
- [Developers](https://developer.wikimedia.org)
- [Statistics](https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org)
- [Cookie statement](https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement)
- [Mobile view](//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabotage&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)

- [![Wikimedia Foundation](/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg)](https://wikimediafoundation.org/)
- [![Powered by MediaWiki](/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg)](https://www.mediawiki.org/)