Balkh

{{Infobox settlement|name=Balkh|area_urban_km2=|population_density_km2=|population_total=|population_note=|population_footnotes=|population_as_of=2006|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_title=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|population_metro=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_water_km2=|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_footnotes=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_magnitude=|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|population_density_sq_mi=|population_density_metro_km2=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|coordinates={{Coord|36|46|00|N|66|54|00|E|region:AF_type:city|display=title}}|website=|blank1_info=|blank1_name=|blank_info=[[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|BSk]]|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|area_code=|postal_code=|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|elevation_m=365|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|utc_offset_DST=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset=|timezone=+ 4.30|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_blank2=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank1=77,000|population_blank1_title=City|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_urban=|established_date2=|established_date=|native_name={{lang|fa|{{nq|بلخ}}}}<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|image_blank_emblem=|dot_map_caption=|dot_mapsize=|image_dot_map=|map_caption1=|mapsize1=|image_map1=|map_caption=|mapsize=|image_map=|blank_emblem_size=|blank_emblem_type=|shield_size=|dot_y=|image_shield=|seal_size=|image_seal=|flag_size=|image_flag=|image_caption=Ruins of the [[Green Mosque (Balkh)|Green Mosque]] ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|مَسجدِ سَبز}}|Masjid-i Sabz}}),<ref name="AncientOrigins2018"/> named for its green-tiled ''qubbah'' ({{lang-ar|قُبَّة}}, [[dome]]),<ref name="MM1"/> in July 2001|imagesize=240px|image_skyline=15c green mosque.jpg|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|settlement_type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|nickname=|other_name={{lang|ba|Βάχλο}}<!--for cities whose native name is not
in English -->|dot_x=|pushpin_map=Afghanistan#Bactria#West Asia|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|government_footnotes=|leader_name4=|leader_title4=|leader_name3=|leader_title3=|leader_name2=|leader_title2=|leader_name1=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name=|leader_title=|government_type=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|pushpin_relief=yes|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name2=Balkh District|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Afghanistan|District]]|subdivision_name1=[[Balkh Province]]|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of Afghanistan|Province]]|subdivision_name={{AFG}}|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Afghanistan
<!-- Location ------------------>|pushpin_mapsize=300|pushpin_label_position=bottom|footnotes=}}
An '''Balkh''' (/bælx/; Pashto and {{Lang-fa|{{nq|بلخ}}}}, ''Balkh''; Ancient Greek: Βάκτρα, ''Báktra''; Bactrian: Βάχλο, ''Bakhlo'') sarong banwaan  Balkh Province nin [[Apganistan|Afghanistan]], mga {{Convert|20|km|mi}} norteng sulnopan nin kapitolyo probinsyal  Mazar-e Sharif, asin {{Convert|74|km|mi}} sur kan salog nin Amu Darya asin border kan [[Usbekistan|Uzbekistan]]. Ini historikal na sentro nin Budismo asin Zoroastrianismo dangan saro sa mayor na siyudad kan Khorasan sa kasaysayan.

An suanoy na siyudad kan  Balkh midbid sa mga Ancient Greeks bilang ''Bactra'', na may ngaran na  Bactria. Midbid ini bilang sentro asin kapitolyo kan Bactria o Tokharistan. Niladawan ni [[Marco Polo]] an Balkh bilang "noble and great city".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1928/|title=City of Balkh (antique Bactria)|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> An Balkh saro na ngunyan nin mga ragba, manunumpungan  {{Convert|12|km|mi}} sa toong pampang kaini minabulos pasiring Balkh River,na may taas na  {{Convert|365|m|ft}}.

An budistang pranses na si  Alexandra David-Néel parating naiitakod anShambhala sa Balkh, na nagdudulok nin Persian ''Sham-i-Bala'' ("elevated candle") an ginikanan kan ngaran. Sa kaagid an  Gurdjieffian J. G. Bennett nagpublikar nin espekulasyon na si Shambalha dating ''Shams-i-Balkh'', sarong Bactrian sun temple.

An ngaran kan siyudad iyo an {{Lang|xbc|βαχλο|Bakhlo}} sa tataramon na Bactrian. Sa tekstong Middle Persian texts nginaranan ining ''Baxl'' ''(''Middle Persian: 𐭡𐭠𐭧𐭫‎). An ngaran kan probinsya o bansa nagluwas man sa inskripsyon kan Old Persian (B.h.i 16; Dar Pers e.16; Nr. a.23) bilang ''Bāxtri'', i.e. ''Bakhtri (''Old Persian: 𐎲𐎠𐎧𐎫𐎼𐎡𐏁). Surat ini sa Avesta na ''Bāxδi'' (Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬑𐬜𐬌‎‎) . Hale digdi an pormang ''Bāxli'', [[Sanskrito|Sanskrit]] ''Bahlīka'' (iyo man an ''Balhika'') para"Bactrian",  asin pagsalin sa modernong  Persian ''Balx'', i.e. ''Balkh'', asin Armenian ''Bahl''.

== Kasaysayan ==
An Balkh tigkokonsiderar na enot na siyudad na kun san an mga tribong Indo-Iranian naglipat puon sa norte kan Amu Darya, sa tahaw nin  2000 asin 1500 BC. An mga Arabo inapod ining  ''Umm Al-Bilad'' o ''Mother of Cities'' kan enot na panahon. An siyudad sentro nin Zoroastrianismo. An ngaran na ''Zariaspa'', na alternatibong ngaran kan Balkh o termino sa parte kan siyudad, pwedeng hale sa importanteng templo nin kalayo kan Zoroastriano na Azar-i-Asp. An Balkh sinasabing lugar kun saen an [[Zoroaster]] enot na nagsakop kan relihiyon, asin an lugar kun saen siya nagadan.
[[Ladawan:BactriaMap.jpg|wala|thumb|300x300px|Mapa nin Balkh (Igdi nakalaag ''Bactres''), an kapitolyo nin Bactria kan Hellenistic Age]]
[[Ladawan:Balkh_mosque_from_afar.jpg|thumb|An Green Mosque kan Balkh]]
[[Ladawan:Balkh_street.jpg|thumb|Sarong kalye sa Balkh na igwang mga horse carts, c. 2005]]
[[Ladawan:BhalkCapital.jpg|thumb|303x303px|Labi kan Hellenistic capital na nanumpungan sa Balkh]]

== Mga toltolan ==
{{Reflist|2}}
An Balkh (/bælx/; Pashto and , Balkh; Ancient Greek: Βάκτρα, Báktra; Bactrian: Βάχλο, Bakhlo) sarong banwaan  Balkh Province nin Afghanistan, mga  norteng sulnopan nin kapitolyo probinsyal  Mazar-e Sharif, asin  sur kan salog nin Amu Darya asin border kan Uzbekistan. Ini historikal na sentro nin Budismo asin Zoroastrianismo dangan saro sa mayor na siyudad kan Khorasan sa kasaysayan.

An suanoy na siyudad kan  Balkh midbid sa mga Ancient Greeks bilang Bactra, na may ngaran na  Bactria. Midbid ini bilang sentro asin kapitolyo kan Bactria o Tokharistan. Niladawan ni Marco Polo an Balkh bilang "noble and great city". An Balkh saro na ngunyan nin mga ragba, manunumpungan   sa toong pampang kaini minabulos pasiring Balkh River,na may taas na  .

An budistang pranses na si  Alexandra David-Néel parating naiitakod anShambhala sa Balkh, na nagdudulok nin Persian Sham-i-Bala ("elevated candle") an ginikanan kan ngaran. Sa kaagid an  Gurdjieffian J. G. Bennett nagpublikar nin espekulasyon na si Shambalha dating Shams-i-Balkh, sarong Bactrian sun temple.

An ngaran kan siyudad iyo an  sa tataramon na Bactrian. Sa tekstong Middle Persian texts nginaranan ining Baxl (Middle Persian: 𐭡𐭠𐭧𐭫‎). An ngaran kan probinsya o bansa nagluwas man sa inskripsyon kan Old Persian (B.h.i 16; Dar Pers e.16; Nr. a.23) bilang Bāxtri, i.e. Bakhtri (Old Persian: 𐎲𐎠𐎧𐎫𐎼𐎡𐏁). Surat ini sa Avesta na Bāxδi (Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬑𐬜𐬌‎‎) . Hale digdi an pormang Bāxli, Sanskrit Bahlīka (iyo man an Balhika) para"Bactrian",  asin pagsalin sa modernong  Persian Balx, i.e. Balkh, asin Armenian Bahl.

 Kasaysayan 
An Balkh tigkokonsiderar na enot na siyudad na kun san an mga tribong Indo-Iranian naglipat puon sa norte kan Amu Darya, sa tahaw nin  2000 asin 1500 BC. An mga Arabo inapod ining  Umm Al-Bilad o Mother of Cities kan enot na panahon. An siyudad sentro nin Zoroastrianismo. An ngaran na Zariaspa, na alternatibong ngaran kan Balkh o termino sa parte kan siyudad, pwedeng hale sa importanteng templo nin kalayo kan Zoroastriano na Azar-i-Asp. An Balkh sinasabing lugar kun saen an Zoroaster enot na nagsakop kan relihiyon, asin an lugar kun saen siya nagadan.
wala|thumb|300x300px|Mapa nin Balkh (Igdi nakalaag Bactres), an kapitolyo nin Bactria kan Hellenistic Age
thumb|An Green Mosque kan Balkh
thumb|Sarong kalye sa Balkh na igwang mga horse carts, c. 2005
thumb|303x303px|Labi kan Hellenistic capital na nanumpungan sa Balkh

 Mga toltolan