Lapida
[[ladawan:008-Josiah Leavitt (d. Dec 19th, 1717) grave, Hingham Center Cemetery, Hingham, Plymouth Co., MA.jpg|right|thumb|Granaterng lapida ni Josiah Leavitt (1679–1717), Hingham Center Cemetery, Hingham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts]]
[[Ladawan:Paragibong Lapida.JPG|right|thumb|280px|Mga paragibong lapida sa [[Kalye Barlin]], siyudad kan Naga]]
An '''lapida''' (Espanyol, lapida, Ing., tombstone) sarong tandá, na parati inuukit o linalabra sa marmol, gapo, o lansang asin ikinakaag sa pamayohan (o, pamitisan) kan lubongan o nitso nin sarong gadan. Igdi nakaguhit an pangaran kan gadan, petsa kun kasuarin namundag asin petsa kun kasuarin nagadan. Minsan man igwa pa nin dikit na pangadye o omaw na isinusurat sa pagromdom asin pag'onra kan nagadan hale sa saiyang pamilya o namomotan. An mga Kristiyano may [[krus]] na ikinakaag sa pamayohan kan lapida o sa taas mismo kan pantyon. Dati an lapida iyo na mismo an takop o lokdo sa lolobngan, kabaong o longon. 

An mga lubongan asin an mga memoryal igdi iyo an pokus nin pagmumundo asin pagatid'atid kan mga dainang pariente. Huli ta an mga lubongan, nitso o pantyon dakulang kwarta an ginagasto, an mga ini nagigin simbolo nin yaman o pagkaprominente kan gadan sa komunidad kan siya nabubuhay pa. An ibang pamilya napakaag pa nin lubungan sa laog kan simbahan sa pagpatotoo kan saindang importansya bako sana sa komunidad kundi pati sa ddakulang naginibo ninda para sa Simbahan. An mga crematorium nataao man nin lugar para sa mga lapida sa laog mismo kan saindang kapilya sa pagromdom asin pagpangandye sa mga nag'ikaduwang buhay na alagad abo na sana an nakakaag sa urno.

==Materyales==

An sarong kamposanto, arog halimbawa kan kamposanto nin mga Katoliko o mga pribadong sementeryo, may reglamento sa pagpagibo kan mga lolobngan sa rason nin pagpagayon, unipormidad, o ngane madale an paglinig asin paghirahay. An iba may ibinoboot na langkaw kaini asin rarom nin paglubong asin hitsura kan lapida o an dekorasyon. An mga ini pigmamantener nin sepulturero ngane dai madootan o mabandal. Sa luwas kan [[Filipinas]], kun ano-anong materyales na ginagamit sa paggigibo nin lapida arog kan flinstone, slate,granate, marmol, sandstone. Igdi sa Filipinas an usong maray na gamiton iyo an marmol asin an pinaghahalean na dakul kaini iyo an isla nin [[Romblon]].
== Kataytayan nin mga ladawan==
<gallery>
File:Gravestone of a child called Benjamin.jpg|Lolobngan nin sarong omboy [[Horton, Northamptonshire|Horton]], Northamptonshire, England
File:Betjeman memorial.JPG|Lolobngan ni [[John Betjeman]] sa Cornwall may mga kurit sa slate
File:Gravestone at Mabe Church (DSCN0520).jpg|Lapida ni John Jennings (nagadan, 1878) sa natad kan Simbahan Mabe 
File:AmbroiseLepineRIP.JPG|[[Ambroise-Dydime Lépine]], [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]]
File:Spanish_Cemetery.jpg|Kamposanto, sa sarong pwera sa Espanya
File:Headstone.motorbike.arp.jpg|Lapida sa Kamposanto kan Haycombe, [[Bath, England]]
File:Marx_cemetery_003.jpg |18th century Biedermeier-Headstone, [[St. Marx cemetery]], [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
File:Camp Butler National Cemetery - German POW graves 01.jpg|German POW [[Camp Butler National Cemetery]]
File:Scipio Africanus grave 2.jpg|Lolobngan kan si oripon na [[Bristol]] bistong [[Scipio Africanus (slave)|Scipio Africanus]] pareho may pamayohan y pamitisan. Ibinalik sa orihinal niyang pagkapintura.
File:Henry Hiatt Headstone.JPG|Lapida sa  [[Douglas County, Kansas|Douglas County]], [[Kansas]], USA, inarog sa hitsura nin [[gilingan]].
File:Jewish cemetery.jpg|[[Old Jewish Cemetery, Prague|An Lumang Sementeryo kan Hudyo]], [[Prague, Czech Republic]].
File:C0569-Kstovo-Muslim-cemetery.jpg|Mga Muslim [[Tatar people|Tatar]] kan [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] nagamit nin mga kahoy na poste naiibang hitsura komo tanda.
File:Rotunda Yard Thessaloniki 12 Muslim Tomb remains.JPG|Lapida nin mga Moslem, [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]].
File:Phebe%26TimothyPeckGravestones.jpg|Pinakpakan na Bungo y may-pakpak na effigy , Morristown, NJ
File:AbigailGobleGravestone,1742.jpg|"[[Memento mori]]" nakaguhit sa taas kan lapida ni Abigail Goble, 1742, Morristown, NJ
File:WeepingAngel.jpg|Nagtatangis na anghel sa lolobngan, [[Old Ship Church|Old Ship Burying Ground]], [[Hingham, Massachusetts]]
File:RockTombstone.jpg|Natural na gapong lubongan, [[Old Ship Church|Old Ship Burying Ground]], [[Hingham, Massachusetts]]
File:LaurieLeeHeadstone.jpg|Lapida kan autor [[Laurie Lee]] sa Slad, [[Gloucestershire]]
</gallery>

== Mga panluwas na takod==
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/12978 In Search Of Gravestones Old And Curious] by W.T. (William Thomas) Vincent, 1896, from [[Project Gutenberg]]
* [http://azeri.org/Azeri/az_latin/latin_articles/latin_text/latin_131/eng_131/131_sofi_hamid.html Azeri.org], Sofi Hamid Cemetery {{az icon}}
* [http://www.worldburialindex.com/of_interest.php World Burial Index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608110226/http://www.worldburialindex.com/of_interest.php |date=2010-06-08 }} Photographs of memorial inscriptions plus free surname search
* [http://www.gravematter.com A Very Grave Matter] Old New England gravestones
* [http://www.historicheadstones.com Historic Headstones Online]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Project to transcribe content from historic headstones
* [http://www.pagstones.com Pennsylvania German tombstones] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211032835/http://www.pagstones.com/ |date=2021-02-11 }}
* [http://www.spiritedghosthunting.com/GravestoneSymbols-ArgentMoon.htm Gravestone symbols] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530222639/http://www.spiritedghosthunting.com/GravestoneSymbols-ArgentMoon.htm |date=2010-05-30 }} from [http://www.spiritedghosthunting.com/index.html Spirited ghost hunting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207051336/http://www.spiritedghosthunting.com/index.html |date=2010-12-07 }}
* [http://www.ettc.net/njarts/details.cfm?ID=956 The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey] includes gravestone imagery in  New Jersey, USA
* [http://quarriesandbeyond.org/cemeteries_and_monumental_art/quarry_to_cemetery_stone/cementery_stone_catalogs_price_lists_4.html#1889_vermont_price_lst ''1889 Vermont Marble Company Price List: Rutland, Sutherland Falls, & Dark Marble''], Proctor, Vermont, 415 pp.  (cemetery stones and accessories)
* [http://quarriesandbeyond.org/cemeteries_and_monumental_art/quarry_to_cemetery_stone/pdf/vt_mrbl_co_mrbl_color_plates_cat.pdf ''Marble Color Plates: Imported and Domestic'' Catalog with samples], by the Vermont Marble Company, Proctor, Vermont, no date of pub., on Stone Quarries and Beyond PDF 55pp
* [http://quarriesandbeyond.org/cemeteries_and_monumental_art/quarry_to_cemetery_stone/cemetery_stones_and_accessories_fr_mags_etc.html#monumental_new_mag ''The Monumental News'' Magazine], Chicago, Illinois (issues from the 1890s)
* [http://quarriesandbeyond.org/articles_and_books/pdf/epitaphs_booklet_vt_marble_co.pdf ''Epitaphs,''] by the Vermont Marble Company, Proctor, Vermont, early 20th century, on [http://quarriesandbeyond.org/ Stone Quarries and Beyond] PDF 25pp
* [http://quarriesandbeyond.org/articles_and_books/pdf/sources_of_memorial_ornamentation.pdf ''Sources of Memorial Ornamentation,''] by Henry Powell Hopkins, Vermont Marble Company, 1924, on [http://quarriesandbeyond.org/ Stone Quarries and Beyond] PDF 45pp
{{Poon}}
right|thumb|280px|Mga paragibong lapida sa Kalye Barlin, siyudad kan Naga
An lapida (Espanyol, lapida, Ing., tombstone) sarong tandá, na parati inuukit o linalabra sa marmol, gapo, o lansang asin ikinakaag sa pamayohan (o, pamitisan) kan lubongan o nitso nin sarong gadan. Igdi nakaguhit an pangaran kan gadan, petsa kun kasuarin namundag asin petsa kun kasuarin nagadan. Minsan man igwa pa nin dikit na pangadye o omaw na isinusurat sa pagromdom asin pag'onra kan nagadan hale sa saiyang pamilya o namomotan. An mga Kristiyano may krus na ikinakaag sa pamayohan kan lapida o sa taas mismo kan pantyon. Dati an lapida iyo na mismo an takop o lokdo sa lolobngan, kabaong o longon. 

An mga lubongan asin an mga memoryal igdi iyo an pokus nin pagmumundo asin pagatid'atid kan mga dainang pariente. Huli ta an mga lubongan, nitso o pantyon dakulang kwarta an ginagasto, an mga ini nagigin simbolo nin yaman o pagkaprominente kan gadan sa komunidad kan siya nabubuhay pa. An ibang pamilya napakaag pa nin lubungan sa laog kan simbahan sa pagpatotoo kan saindang importansya bako sana sa komunidad kundi pati sa ddakulang naginibo ninda para sa Simbahan. An mga crematorium nataao man nin lugar para sa mga lapida sa laog mismo kan saindang kapilya sa pagromdom asin pagpangandye sa mga nag'ikaduwang buhay na alagad abo na sana an nakakaag sa urno.

Materyales

An sarong kamposanto, arog halimbawa kan kamposanto nin mga Katoliko o mga pribadong sementeryo, may reglamento sa pagpagibo kan mga lolobngan sa rason nin pagpagayon, unipormidad, o ngane madale an paglinig asin paghirahay. An iba may ibinoboot na langkaw kaini asin rarom nin paglubong asin hitsura kan lapida o an dekorasyon. An mga ini pigmamantener nin sepulturero ngane dai madootan o mabandal. Sa luwas kan Filipinas, kun ano-anong materyales na ginagamit sa paggigibo nin lapida arog kan flinstone, slate,granate, marmol, sandstone. Igdi sa Filipinas an usong maray na gamiton iyo an marmol asin an pinaghahalean na dakul kaini iyo an isla nin Romblon.
 Kataytayan nin mga ladawan

 Mga panluwas na takod
 In Search Of Gravestones Old And Curious by W.T. (William Thomas) Vincent, 1896, from Project Gutenberg
 Azeri.org, Sofi Hamid Cemetery 
 World Burial Index  Photographs of memorial inscriptions plus free surname search
 A Very Grave Matter Old New England gravestones
 Historic Headstones Online Project to transcribe content from historic headstones
 Pennsylvania German tombstones 
 Gravestone symbols  from Spirited ghost hunting 
 The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey includes gravestone imagery in  New Jersey, USA
 1889 Vermont Marble Company Price List: Rutland, Sutherland Falls, & Dark Marble, Proctor, Vermont, 415 pp.  (cemetery stones and accessories)
 Marble Color Plates: Imported and Domestic Catalog with samples, by the Vermont Marble Company, Proctor, Vermont, no date of pub., on Stone Quarries and Beyond PDF 55pp
 The Monumental News Magazine, Chicago, Illinois (issues from the 1890s)
 Epitaphs, by the Vermont Marble Company, Proctor, Vermont, early 20th century, on Stone Quarries and Beyond PDF 25pp
 Sources of Memorial Ornamentation, by Henry Powell Hopkins, Vermont Marble Company, 1924, on Stone Quarries and Beyond PDF 45pp