Teorya nin sabwatan
[[File:Dollarnote siegel hq.jpg|thumb|An [[Eye of Providence]], bilang nahihiling sa US $1 kwartang papel, pig-iisip kan iba na sarong ebidensya kan sabwatan na nakatakod sa [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] pasiring sa [[Illuminati]].<ref name=Barkun2003/>{{rp|58}}<ref>{{cite book|first1=Micah|last1=Issitt|first2=Carlyn|last2=Main|title=Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn=978-1-61069-478-0}}</ref>{{rp|47–49}}]]

An '''teorya nin sabwatan''' iyo an paliwanag para sa pangyayari o sitwasyon na nagbubusol sa pag-eksister kan sarong [[sabwatan]] kan mga poderoso asin mararaot na grupo, parating politikal sa motibasyon,<ref name="Harambam-Aupers 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Harambam |first1=Jaron |last2=Aupers |first2=Stef |date=August 2021 |title=From the unbelievable to the undeniable: Epistemological pluralism, or how conspiracy theorists legitimate their extraordinary truth claims |journal=[[European Journal of Cultural Studies]] |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=990–1008 |doi=10.1177/1367549419886045 |doi-access=free |issn=1460-3551}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Ted |last=Goertzel |date=December 1994 |title=Belief in conspiracy theories |journal=[[Political Psychology]] |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] on behalf of the [[International Society of Political Psychology]] |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=731–742 |doi=10.2307/3791630 |issn=1467-9221 |jstor=3791630 |quote=''"explanations for important events that involve secret plots by powerful and malevolent groups"''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite OED |conspiracy theory}} ''"the theory that an event or phenomenon occurs as a result of a conspiracy between interested parties; ''spec''. a belief that some covert but influential agency (typically political in motivation and oppressive in intent) is responsible for an unexplained event"''</ref> kapag an ibang paliwanag iyo an urog na posible.<ref name="Harambam-Aupers 2021"/><ref name="BrothertonFrench2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brotherton|first1=Robert|last2=French|first2=Christopher C.|last3=Pickering|first3=Alan D.|title=Measuring Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=4|year=2013|page=279|issn=1664-1078|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00279|pmid=23734136|pmc=3659314|s2cid=16685781| quote=A conspiracist belief can be described as 'the unnecessary assumption of conspiracy when other explanations are more probable'.|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="probability">Additional sources:
*{{cite book |last1=Aaronovitch |first1=David |title=Voodoo Histories: The Role of the Conspiracy Theory in Shaping Modern History |date=2009 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |isbn=9780224074704 |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icxkMJK-WmgC |access-date=17 August 2019 |language=en |quote=It is a contention of this book that conspiracy theorists fail to apply the principle of Occam's razor to their arguments. }}
*{{cite journal|last1=Brotherton|first1=Robert|last2=French|first2=Christopher C.|title=Belief in Conspiracy Theories and Susceptibility to the Conjunction Fallacy|journal=Applied Cognitive Psychology|volume=28|issue=2|year=2014|pages=238–248|issn=0888-4080|doi=10.1002/acp.2995| quote=A conspiracy theory can be defined as an unverified and relatively implausible allegation of conspiracy, claiming that significant events are the result of a secret plot carried out by a preternaturally sinister and powerful group of people.|doi-access=free}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Jonason |first1=Peter Karl |last2=March |first2=Evita |last3=Springer |first3=Jordan |title=Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=12 |year=2019 |pages=e0225964 |issn=1932-6203 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0225964 |pmid=31794581 |pmc=6890261 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1425964M |quote=Conspiracy theories are a subset of false beliefs, and generally implicate a malevolent force (e.g., a government body or secret society) involved in orchestrating major events or providing misinformation regarding the details of events to an unwitting public, in part of a plot towards achieving a sinister goal.|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Thresher-Andrews |first1=Christopher |title=An introduction into the world of conspiracy |journal=PsyPAG Quarterly |volume=1 |year=2013 |issue=88 |pages=5–8 |doi=10.53841/bpspag.2013.1.88.5 |s2cid=255932379 |url=http://www.psypag.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Issue-88.pdf |quote=Conspiracy theories are unsubstantiated, less plausible alternatives to the mainstream explanation of the event; they assume everything is intended, with malignity. Crucially, they are also epistemically self-insulating in their construction and arguments. |access-date=2023-07-07 |archivedate=2015-08-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813062541/http://www.psypag.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Issue-88.pdf }}</ref> An termino sa pangkagabsan igwa nin negatibong konotasyon, na nagtatao nin kahulugan na an appeal kan teorya nin sabwatan iyo an nakabase sa paghusga, emosyonal na konbiksyon, o bakong supisyenteng ebidensya.<ref name=Byford>{{Cite book |title=Conspiracy theories : a critical introduction |last=Byford |first=Jovan |date=2011 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=9780230349216 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |oclc=802867724}}</ref> Daing-siring an teorya nin sabwatan kompara sa mismong sabwatan; iyan nanonongod sa hypothesized conspiracy na igwa nin mga karateristiko, kabali alagad bakong limitado sa oposisyon sa mainstream consensus sa tahaw kan mga kwalipikado na mag-ebalwar kan saiyang accuracy, siring kan mga [[siyentipiko]] asin mga [[historyador]].<ref name="Andrade2020">{{cite journal |last=Andrade |first=Gabriel |date=April 2020 |title=Medical conspiracy theories: Cognitive science and implications for ethics |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11019-020-09951-6.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy]] |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] on behalf of the [[European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Healthcare]] |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=505–518 |doi=10.1007/s11019-020-09951-6 |doi-access=free |issn=1572-8633 |pmc=7161434 |pmid=32301040 |s2cid=215787658 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508193924/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11019-020-09951-6.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2020 |access-date=7 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Barkun2016"/><ref name="Brotherton2013-q"/>

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
An teorya nin sabwatan iyo an paliwanag para sa pangyayari o sitwasyon na nagbubusol sa pag-eksister kan sarong sabwatan kan mga poderoso asin mararaot na grupo, parating politikal sa motibasyon, "the theory that an event or phenomenon occurs as a result of a conspiracy between interested parties; spec. a belief that some covert but influential agency (typically political in motivation and oppressive in intent) is responsible for an unexplained event" kapag an ibang paliwanag iyo an urog na posible.Additional sources: An termino sa pangkagabsan igwa nin negatibong konotasyon, na nagtatao nin kahulugan na an appeal kan teorya nin sabwatan iyo an nakabase sa paghusga, emosyonal na konbiksyon, o bakong supisyenteng ebidensya. Daing-siring an teorya nin sabwatan kompara sa mismong sabwatan; iyan nanonongod sa hypothesized conspiracy na igwa nin mga karateristiko, kabali alagad bakong limitado sa oposisyon sa mainstream consensus sa tahaw kan mga kwalipikado na mag-ebalwar kan saiyang accuracy, siring kan mga siyentipiko asin mga historyador.

 Toltolan