Mikhail Gorbachev
{{Infobox officeholder|name=Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev|native_name_lang=russian|native_name=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв|image=Михаил Горбачёв (03-12-1989).png|order=Presidente kan Unyong Sobyet|term_start=15 Marso 1990|term_end=25 Disyembre 1991|vicepresident=Gennady Yanayev|primeminister=Nikolai Ryzhkov<br />Valentin Pavlov<br />Ivan Silayev|predecessor=Andrei Gromyko|successor=[[Boris Yeltsin]] bilang pangulo kan Rusya|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1931|03|02}}|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|08|30|1931|03|02}}|signature=Gorbachev Signature.svg|alma_mater=Unibersidad Estatal kan Mosku|profession=[[Abogado]]|spouse=Raisa Gorbachyova (d. 1999)|party=Partido Komunista kan Unyong Sobyet (1950–1991)<br />Partido Demokratikong Lipunan kan Rusya (2001–2004)<br />Union of Social Democrats (2007-2013)|children=1}}

Si '''Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev''' (Ruso: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲeɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕof]; namundag, [[Marso 2]], [[1931]]) iyo an dating ika-7 asin ultimong Sekretaryo Heneral kan Partido Komunista kan Unyon Sobyet, nagserbi poon 1985 abot 1991. Siya man an ultimong pamayo kan estado kan USSR, nagserbi poon 1988 asta kan nagrampaog na ini kan taon 1991. Siya sana an lider Sobyet namundag pakalihis na kan [[Oktubreng Rebolusyon]] nin 1917. Kan taon 1989, siya nataon an enot asin ultimong lider Sobyet na nakabisita sa [[Tsina]] poon kan nagkabiyang an duwa kan mga taon 1960.

== Kaamayi kan buhay ==
Si Gorbachev namundag sa Stavropol Krai sa sarong pobreng Ukrano-Rusong pamilya, asin kan hagbayon siya nag'operar nin makinaryang pang'ani sa omang kolektiba. Naggraduar siya sa Moscow State University kan 1955, na abogasya an kinua. Kan yaon siya sa unibersidad, nag'ayon siya sa Partido Komunista kan Unyon Sobyet asin nagin aktibo siyang marhay igdi. 

== Bilang politiko asin lider ==
Kan 1970, nanombrahan siyang Enot na Partidong Sekretaryo kan Stavropol Kraikom, Enot na Sekretaryo kan Suprema Sobyet kan 1974, asin nanombrahan kaapil kan Politburo kan 1979. Sa laog kan mga taon na nagadan an mga lider na Sobyet na sa [[Leonid Brezhnev]], [[Yuri Andropov]], asin [[Konstantin Chernenko]], si Gorbachev napili na Sekretaryo Heneral kan Politburo, taon 1985. Siya totoo an nasasambit sa mga peryodikong Solnopan na garo iyo na an masakat na bagong lider hale sa bagong henerasyon.

An mga pag'ngata' ni Gorbachev sa reporma asin mga lakdang niyang magkitrato ki Presidente Ronald Reagan kan Amerika paagi nin mga kumperensya, saka an reorentasyon kan direksyon estratihiya kan Unyon Sobyet nagtaong dalan sa pagtapos kan inaapod na 'Cold War'. Dai naghaloy, huli sa mga siring na pangyayari, an pangngimbabaw sa pulitika kan Partido Komunista nagpawara, na iyo man an kawsa pagkatunaw kan Union Sobyet. Siya nagawaran kan [[Nobel Prize|Premyo Nobel]] sa Katoninongan kan taon 1990.

==Pagkagadan==

Si Gorbachev nagadan sa [[Moscow Central Clinical Hospital|Central Clinical Hospital]] sa [[Mosku]] kan 30 Agosto 2022,<ref>{{cite web |author-last=Ljunggren |author-first=David |date=30 August 2022 |title=Last Soviet leader Gorbachev, who ended Cold War and won Nobel prize, dies aged 91 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/mikhail-gorbachev-who-ended-cold-war-dies-aged-92-agencies-2022-08-30/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830203925/https://www.reuters.com/world/mikhail-gorbachev-who-ended-cold-war-dies-aged-92-agencies-2022-08-30/ |archive-date=30 August 2022 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=[[Reuters]] |language=en}}</ref> sa edad na 91.<ref>{{Cite news |author-last=Heintz |author-first=Jim |date=30 August 2022 |title=Mikhail Gorbachev, who steered Soviet breakup, dead at 91 |work=The Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-mikhail-gorbachev-obituaries-5cb7a604243668f08dfaed953c09559e |access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref> Siya nagadan pag'ayaw nin "halawig asin natnat na kahelangan", susog sa hospital, na siya yaon sa irarom nin daing pundong pagmato nin mga doktor poon  pa kan taon 2020.<ref>{{cite web |author-last=Lister |author-first=Tim |date=30 August 2022 |title=Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet president who took down the Iron Curtain, dies |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/europe/mikhail-gorbachev-dies-intl/index.html |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830212933/https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/europe/mikhail-gorbachev-dies-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=Источник: ухудшения здоровья Горбачева нет |trans-title=Source: no deterioration in Gorbachev's health |url=https://tass.ru/obschestvo/14974527 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=TASS |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author-last=Вишнева |author-first=Светлана |date=20 June 2022 |title=Представитель Горбачева подтвердил наличие проблем с почками у политика |url=https://radiokp.ru/obschestvo/predstavitel-gorbacheva-podtverdil-chto-politik-prokhodit-gemodializ_nid633575_au57449au |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=radiokp.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Uyon sa saiyang kabo'tan, si Gorbachev ilulubong sa [[Sementeryo Novodevichy]] kataid kan saiyang agom na si Raisa, na nagadan kan taon 1999.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2022 |title=Горбачева похоронят рядом с супругой на Новодевичьем кладбище |url=https://ren.tv/news/v-rossii/1017930-gorbacheva-pokhoroniat-riadom-s-suprugoi-na-novodevichem-kladbishche |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=РЕН ТВ |language=ru}}</ref>

Si Gorbachev iyo an pinakahalawig sa paggurang na lider sa historya kan Rusya, asin nalampasan niya si [[Alexander Kerensky]] saka idtong lider nominal kan USSR na si [[Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)|Vasily Kuznetsov]], na pareho nag'abot edad na 89 taon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Горбачев стал самым долгоживущим российским правителем |url=https://ruposters.ru/news/10-04-2020/gorbachev-samim-dolgozhivuschim-rossiiskim-pravitelem |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=Ruposters.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref>

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
* [http://www.gorby.ru/en/default.asp The Gorbachev Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120093358/http://www.gorby.ru/en/default.asp |date=2008-01-20 }}
* [http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm/fuseaction/searchSimpleResults/iw/1/keyword/gorbachev Opinyon kan iba ki Gorbachev] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820012621/http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm/fuseaction/searchSimpleResults/iw/1/keyword/gorbachev |date=2006-08-20 }}
* [http://marxists.org/glossary/ The Encyclopaedia of Marxism]
* [http://www.greencrossinternational.net/ Green Cross International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010718174745/http://www.greencrossinternational.net/ |date=2001-07-18 }} official site
* [http://sodin-mail.com/homepages/~natalia/nobel_russians/gorbachev/mikhail.htm Mikhail S. Gorbachev Biography, sa Ruso] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060429232830/http://sodin-mail.com/homepages/~natalia/nobel_russians/gorbachev/mikhail.htm |date=2006-04-29 }}
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,1432787,00.html Out in the Cold] Guardian interview 8 March 2005
* [http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/gorbachev.html TIME 100 for 2004: Mikhail Gorbachev] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618203206/http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/gorbachev.html |date=2006-06-18 }}
* [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/gorbachev/ CNN Cold War – Profile: Mikhail Gorbachev] 
** [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/23/interviews/gorbachev/ September 1997 interview]
* [http://www.writespirit.net/authors/mikhail_gorbachev/ Biography, talks, tributes and quotes]
* [http://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=16528 Ubben Lecture at DePauw University]
* [http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributors/contributor_comm.php4?id=239 Mikhail Gorbachev's op/ed commentaries] 
* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/int_mikhailgorbachev.html Commanding Heights: Mikhail Gorbachev] ([[PBS]] interbyu), Abril 2001.
* [http://gorbachev.booknear.com/ USSR – USA: Summit Documents and Materials, Washington 30 May – 3 June 1990]
* [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20091116/kvh_cohen?rel=emailNation Gorbachev on 1989] - 2009 interview by ''[[The Nation]]''
* [http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/03/11/110310gorbachev.html Gorbachev's Legacy Examined, 25 Years After His Rise To Power] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609001541/http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/03/11/110310gorbachev.html |date=2012-06-09 }} artikulo sinurat ni Brian Whitmore

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{poon}}
[[Kategorya:Rusya]]
Si Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Ruso: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲeɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕof]; namundag, Marso 2, 1931) iyo an dating ika-7 asin ultimong Sekretaryo Heneral kan Partido Komunista kan Unyon Sobyet, nagserbi poon 1985 abot 1991. Siya man an ultimong pamayo kan estado kan USSR, nagserbi poon 1988 asta kan nagrampaog na ini kan taon 1991. Siya sana an lider Sobyet namundag pakalihis na kan Oktubreng Rebolusyon nin 1917. Kan taon 1989, siya nataon an enot asin ultimong lider Sobyet na nakabisita sa Tsina poon kan nagkabiyang an duwa kan mga taon 1960.

 Kaamayi kan buhay 
Si Gorbachev namundag sa Stavropol Krai sa sarong pobreng Ukrano-Rusong pamilya, asin kan hagbayon siya nag'operar nin makinaryang pang'ani sa omang kolektiba. Naggraduar siya sa Moscow State University kan 1955, na abogasya an kinua. Kan yaon siya sa unibersidad, nag'ayon siya sa Partido Komunista kan Unyon Sobyet asin nagin aktibo siyang marhay igdi. 

 Bilang politiko asin lider 
Kan 1970, nanombrahan siyang Enot na Partidong Sekretaryo kan Stavropol Kraikom, Enot na Sekretaryo kan Suprema Sobyet kan 1974, asin nanombrahan kaapil kan Politburo kan 1979. Sa laog kan mga taon na nagadan an mga lider na Sobyet na sa Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, asin Konstantin Chernenko, si Gorbachev napili na Sekretaryo Heneral kan Politburo, taon 1985. Siya totoo an nasasambit sa mga peryodikong Solnopan na garo iyo na an masakat na bagong lider hale sa bagong henerasyon.

An mga pag'ngata' ni Gorbachev sa reporma asin mga lakdang niyang magkitrato ki Presidente Ronald Reagan kan Amerika paagi nin mga kumperensya, saka an reorentasyon kan direksyon estratihiya kan Unyon Sobyet nagtaong dalan sa pagtapos kan inaapod na 'Cold War'. Dai naghaloy, huli sa mga siring na pangyayari, an pangngimbabaw sa pulitika kan Partido Komunista nagpawara, na iyo man an kawsa pagkatunaw kan Union Sobyet. Siya nagawaran kan Premyo Nobel sa Katoninongan kan taon 1990.

Pagkagadan

Si Gorbachev nagadan sa Central Clinical Hospital sa Mosku kan 30 Agosto 2022, sa edad na 91. Siya nagadan pag'ayaw nin "halawig asin natnat na kahelangan", susog sa hospital, na siya yaon sa irarom nin daing pundong pagmato nin mga doktor poon  pa kan taon 2020. Uyon sa saiyang kabo'tan, si Gorbachev ilulubong sa Sementeryo Novodevichy kataid kan saiyang agom na si Raisa, na nagadan kan taon 1999.

Si Gorbachev iyo an pinakahalawig sa paggurang na lider sa historya kan Rusya, asin nalampasan niya si Alexander Kerensky saka idtong lider nominal kan USSR na si Vasily Kuznetsov, na pareho nag'abot edad na 89 taon.

 Mga panluwas na takod 
 The Gorbachev Foundation 
 Opinyon kan iba ki Gorbachev 
 The Encyclopaedia of Marxism
 Green Cross International  official site
 Mikhail S. Gorbachev Biography, sa Ruso 
 Out in the Cold Guardian interview 8 March 2005
 TIME 100 for 2004: Mikhail Gorbachev 
 CNN Cold War – Profile: Mikhail Gorbachev 
 September 1997 interview
 Biography, talks, tributes and quotes
 Ubben Lecture at DePauw University
 Mikhail Gorbachev's op/ed commentaries 
 Commanding Heights: Mikhail Gorbachev (PBS interbyu), Abril 2001.
 USSR – USA: Summit Documents and Materials, Washington 30 May – 3 June 1990
 Gorbachev on 1989 - 2009 interview by The Nation
 Gorbachev's Legacy Examined, 25 Years After His Rise To Power  artikulo sinurat ni Brian Whitmore

 Toltolan 

Kategorya:Rusya