Sophie Germain
{{Infobox scientist|name=Sophie Germain|field=[[Mathematician]], [[physicist]], and [[philosopher]]|prizes=|known_for=[[Elasticity (physics)|Elasticity theory]] and [[number theory]] (e.g. [[Sophie Germain prime]] numbers)|notable_students=|academic_advisors=[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] (epistolary correspondent)|alma_mater=|work_institution=|nationality=French|image=Germain.jpeg|death_place=Paris, France|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1831|6|27|1776|4|1}}|birth_place=Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France|birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1776|4|1|}}|caption=Marie-Sophie Germain|image_size=180px|footnotes='''Other name:''' Auguste Antoine Le Blanc}}Si '''Marie-Sophie Germain''' ( 1 Abril 1776 – 27 Hunyo 1831) sarong Pranses na matematiko, pisiko asin pilosopo. Dawa may pagkontra kan saiyang mga magurang asin kasakitan sa sosyudad, nakanuod siya sa mga libro sa library kan saiyang ama, kabali na ki [[Leonhard Euler]], asin mga sikat na matematiko arog ni [[Joseph Louis Lagrange|Lagrange]], [[Adrien-Marie Legendre|Legendre]], asin [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]] (sa [[pseudonym]] na  «Monsieur LeBlanc»). Saro sa mga payunir kan [[Elasticity (physics)|elasticity theory]], nanggana siya nin grand prize sa [[French Academy of Sciences|Paris Academy of Sciences]] sa sanaysay sa saiyang subject. An saiyang gibo sa [[Fermat's Last Theorem]] nagtaong pundasyon sa mga matematiko na aramon an subject sa sanggatos na taon pakatapos.{{sfn|Del Centina|2008|page=373}} Dahil sa siya babae, sae siya nagkaigwang karera sa matematika, pero nagtrabaho siya nin solo sa buong buhay niya.{{sfn|Case|Leggett|2005|p=39}} Bago siya magadan, si Gauss narekomendar na siya tawan nin onra, pero dae ini nangyari.<ref>Mackinnon, Nick (1990). "Sophie Germain, or, Was Gauss a feminist?". The Mathematical Gazette 74 (470): 346–351, esp. p. 347.</ref>Kan 27 Hunyo 1831, nagadan siya sa breast cancer. Sa sentenaryo kan saiyang buhay, sarong kalye saka eskwelahan na pambabae an pinangaran saiya. An Academy of Sciences nag-establisar nin [[Sophie Germain Prize]] sa saiyang onra.

== Hilingon man ==

* [[Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents]]
* [[Sophie Germain Counter Mode]]
* [[Sophie Germain prime]]
* [[Sophie Germain Prize]]
* [[Sophie Germain's theorem]]
* [[Timeline of women in science]]

== Citations ==
{{reflist}}

== Mga toltolan ==

* {{cite book|title=Men of Mathematics|title-link=Men of Mathematics|last=Bell|first=Eric Temple|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1937|author-link=Eric Temple Bell}} reprinted as {{cite book|title=Men of Mathematics|last=Bell|first=Eric Temple|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1986|isbn=0-671-62818-6}}
* Bucciarelli, Louis L; Dworsky, Nancy (1980). ''Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity'', D. Reidel:Holland {{ISBN|978-90-277-1135-9}}
* {{cite book|title=Complexities: Women in Mathematics|title-link=Complexities: Women in Mathematics|last1=Case|first1=Bettye Anne|last2=Leggett|first2=Anne M.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2005|isbn=0-691-11462-5|author1-link=Bettye Anne Case|author2-link=Anne M. Leggett}}
* {{cite journal|last=Cipra|first=Barry A.|author-link=Barry A. Cipra|title=A Woman Who Counted|journal=Science|year=2008|volume=319|issue=5865|page=899|doi=10.1126/science.319.5865.899a|pmid=18276866|s2cid=45461806}}
* {{cite journal|last=Del Centina|first=Andrea|title=Letters of Sophie Germain preserved in Florence|journal=Historia Mathematica|year=2005|volume=32|issue=1|pages=60–75|doi=10.1016/j.hm.2003.11.001|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|last=Del Centina|first=Andrea|title=Unpublished manuscripts of Sophie Germain and a revaluation of her work on Fermat's Last Theorem|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|year=2008|volume=62|issue=4|pages=349–392|doi=10.1007/s00407-007-0016-4|bibcode=2008AHES...62..349D}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Del Centina|first1=Andrea|last2=Fiocca|first2=Alessandra|doi=10.1007/s00407-012-0105-x|issue=6|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|jstor=23319292|mr=2984133|pages=585–700|title=The correspondence between Sophie Germain and Carl Friedrich Gauss|volume=66|year=2012|s2cid=121021850}}
* {{cite book|title=History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume II: Diophantine Analysis|last=Dickson|first=Leonard Eugene|publisher=Carnegie Institution|year=1919|author-link=Leonard Eugene Dickson}} Reprinted as {{cite book|title=History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume II: Diophantine Analysis|last=Dickson|first=Leonard Eugene|publisher=Dover Publications|year=2013|isbn=978-0-486-15460-2}}
* {{cite book|title=Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science. A study of his life and work|last=Dunnington|first=G. Waldo|publisher=Hafner|year=1955}} Reprinted as {{cite book|title=Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science|last=Dunnington|first=G. Waldo|author2=Jeremy Gray|author3=Fritz-Egbert Dohse|publisher=Mathematical Association of America|year=2004|isbn=978-0-88385-547-8}}
* {{cite book|title=Complexities: Women in Mathematics|last=Gray|first=Mary W.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2005|isbn=0-691-11462-5|editor1=Bettye Anne Case|pages=68–75|chapter=Sophie Germain|editor2=Anne M. Leggett}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Gray|first=Mary|title=Sophie Germain (1776–1831)|encyclopedia=Women of Mathematics: A Bibliographic Sourcebook|editor1=Louise S. Grinstein|editor2=Paul Campbell|publisher=Greenwood|year=1978|isbn=978-0-313-24849-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/47 47–55]|url=https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/47}}
* {{cite journal|last=Mackinnon|first=Nick|title=Sophie Germain, or, Was Gauss a feminist?|journal=The Mathematical Gazette|year=1990|volume=74|issue=470|pages=346–351|doi=10.2307/3618130|jstor=3618130}}
* {{cite book|title=Mathematics, Volume 2: Macmillan Science Library|last=Moncrief|first=J. William|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|year=2002|isbn=978-0-02-865563-5|editor=Barry Max Brandenberger|chapter=Germain, Sophie}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/womaninscience00zahmrich|title=Women in Science: With an Introductory Chapter on Women's Long Struggle for Things of the Mind|last=Mozans|first=H. J.|publisher=D. Appleton|year=1913|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womaninscience00zahmrich/page/154 154]–157|author-link=John Augustine Zahm}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninscience00mari|title=Women in Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century: a Biographical Dictionary with Annotated Bibliography|last=Ogilvie|first=Marilyn Bailey|publisher=MIT Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-262-65038-0|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite journal|last=Petrovich|first=Vesna Crnjanski|title=Women and the Paris Academy of Sciences|journal=Eighteenth-Century Studies|year=1999|volume=32|issue=3|pages=383–390|jstor=30053914|doi=10.1353/ecs.1999.0022|s2cid=162272331}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sampson|first=J. H.|title=Sophie Germain and the Theory of Numbers|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|year=1990|volume=41|issue=2|pages=157–161|doi=10.1007/BF00411862|jstor=41133883|s2cid=123148132}}
* {{cite journal|last=Ullmann|first=D.|title=Life and work of E.F.F. Chladni|journal=European Physical Journal ST|year=2007|volume=145|issue=1|pages=25–32|doi=10.1140/epjst/e2007-00145-4|bibcode=2007EPJST.145...25U|s2cid=121813715}}
* {{cite journal|last=Waterhouse|first=William C.|author-link=William C. Waterhouse|title=A counterexample for Germain|journal=American Mathematical Monthly|year=1994|volume=101|issue=2|pages=140–150|doi=10.2307/2324363|jstor=2324363}}

== Panluwas na takod ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Germain}}
* {{MathGenealogy|id=55175}}
* [http://sheroesofhistory.wordpress.com/2014/03/27/badass-wimmin-of-history-presents-sophie-germain/ Sheroes of History; Sophie Germain]
* [http://kids.love.science/grandpa_benny_goes_to_school.html Sophie Germain in the illustrated story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606100323/https://kids.love.science/grandpa_benny_goes_to_school.html |date=2021-06-06 }} at the Kids Love Science project
Si Marie-Sophie Germain ( 1 Abril 1776 – 27 Hunyo 1831) sarong Pranses na matematiko, pisiko asin pilosopo. Dawa may pagkontra kan saiyang mga magurang asin kasakitan sa sosyudad, nakanuod siya sa mga libro sa library kan saiyang ama, kabali na ki Leonhard Euler, asin mga sikat na matematiko arog ni Lagrange, Legendre, asin Gauss (sa pseudonym na  «Monsieur LeBlanc»). Saro sa mga payunir kan elasticity theory, nanggana siya nin grand prize sa Paris Academy of Sciences sa sanaysay sa saiyang subject. An saiyang gibo sa Fermat's Last Theorem nagtaong pundasyon sa mga matematiko na aramon an subject sa sanggatos na taon pakatapos. Dahil sa siya babae, sae siya nagkaigwang karera sa matematika, pero nagtrabaho siya nin solo sa buong buhay niya. Bago siya magadan, si Gauss narekomendar na siya tawan nin onra, pero dae ini nangyari.Mackinnon, Nick (1990). "Sophie Germain, or, Was Gauss a feminist?". The Mathematical Gazette 74 (470): 346–351, esp. p. 347.Kan 27 Hunyo 1831, nagadan siya sa breast cancer. Sa sentenaryo kan saiyang buhay, sarong kalye saka eskwelahan na pambabae an pinangaran saiya. An Academy of Sciences nag-establisar nin Sophie Germain Prize sa saiyang onra.

 Hilingon man 

 Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents
 Sophie Germain Counter Mode
 Sophie Germain prime
 Sophie Germain Prize
 Sophie Germain's theorem
 Timeline of women in science

 Citations 

 Mga toltolan 

  reprinted as 
 Bucciarelli, Louis L; Dworsky, Nancy (1980). Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity, D. Reidel:Holland 
 
 
 
 
 
  Reprinted as 
  Reprinted as 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Panluwas na takod 

 
 
 
 Sheroes of History; Sophie Germain
 Sophie Germain in the illustrated story  at the Kids Love Science project