Popocatépetl
{{Short description|Estratobulkan sa Puebla, Mexico}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Popocatépetl
| etymology = {{lang|nah|popōcatepētl}}, ''Smoking Mountain''
| nickname = {{lang|es|[[Don (honorific)|Don]] [[Pope Gregory I|Goyo]]}}
| photo = Mexico-Popocatepetl.jpg
| photo_caption = Popocatépetl, viewed from the north from [[Paso de Cortés]].
| elevation_m = 5393
| elevation_ref = {{efn|Sources vary widely, on the elevation of Popocatépetl, with most giving a value at or slightly above {{convert|5400|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The {{convert|5393|m|ft|abbr=on}} figure given here is from the Smithsonian Institution-Global Volcanism Program.<ref name="Global Volcanism Program" />}}
| prominence_m = 3020
| prominence_ref = <ref name="peaklist">{{cite web |url=http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/mexico.html |title=Mexico Ultras |website=Peaklist.org |access-date=2012-01-29}} The prominence value given here of {{convert|3020|m|ft|abbr=on}} is based on a summit elevation of {{convert|5400|m|ft|abbr=on}} for Popocatépetl.</ref><ref name="peakbagger">{{cite peakbagger |pid=8034 |title=Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico |access-date=2012-01-29}} The prominence value given here of {{convert|3,020|m|ft|abbr=on}} is interpolated from a summit elevation of {{convert|5,400|m|ft|abbr=on}} for Popocatépetl.</ref>
| listing = {{unbulleted list
|[[Ultra prominent peak|World most prominent peaks]] 89th
|[[List of the highest major summits of North America|North America highest peaks]] 5th
|[[List of the most prominent summits of North America|North America prominent peaks]] 17th
|[[Highest major summits of Mexico|Mexico highest major peaks]] 2nd
}}
| location = [[Mexico (state)|Mexico]]-[[Puebla]]-[[Morelos]], [[Mexico]]
| map = Mexico Puebla#Mexico State of Mexico#Mexico
| map_caption = Location in Mexico
| label_position = 
| coordinates = {{coord|19|01|20|N|98|37|40|W|type:mountain_region:MX_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = 
| topo = 
| type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| last_eruption = 2024<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mexico's Popocatépetl volcano erupts 13 times in past day, prompting airport delays |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/popocatepetl-volcano-flights-mexico-city-puebla-ashes-67a11616283ae80d23470fc9b70a35c3 |date=29 February 2024}}</ref>
| first_ascent = 
| easiest_route = rock/snow climb
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}
An '''Popocatépetl''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|p|ɒ|p|ə|ˈ|k|æ|t|ə|p|ɛ|t|əl|,_|ˌ|p|ɒ|p|ə|k|æ|t|ə|ˈ|p|ɛ|t|əl}} {{respell|POP|ə|KAT|ə|pet|əl|,_-|kat|ə|PET|əl}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|p|oʊ|p|-}} {{respell|POHP|-}} Nahuatl: Popōcatepētl IPA: popoːkaˈtepeːt͡ɬ) iyo an sarong aktibong [[estratobulkan]] na namumugtak sa mga estado kan [[Puebla]], [[Morelos]], asin [[State of Mexico|Mexico]] sa central [[Mexico]]. Nakabugtak iyan sa subangan na kabanga kan [[Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt]]. Sa {{convert|5393|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Global Volcanism Program">{{cite gvp|vnum=341090|name=Popocatépetl|access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref> iyo iyan an ikaduwang pinakahalangkaw na [[Bukid|alitoktok]] sa Mexico, pagkatapos kan [[Citlaltépetl]] ([[Pico de Orizaba]]) sa {{convert|5636|m|abbr=on}}. An Popocatépetl nakaranggo na ika-89 sa [[List of peaks by prominence|prominence]].

Pigtatakod iyan sa [[Kambal na alitoktok|kambal]] bulkan na [[Iztaccihuatl]] sa amihanan kan halangkaw na [[Saddle (landform)|saddle]] midbid bilang "[[Paso de Cortés]]".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Beaman|first=John H.|title=The Timberlines of Iztaccihuatl and Popocatépetl, Mexico|journal=[[Journal of Ecology]]|volume=43|issue=3|date=July 1962|pages=377–385|doi=10.2307/1933367|jstor=1933367}}</ref> An [[Izta-Popo Zoquiapan National Park]], kun saen an duwang bulkan manunuparan, ipinangaran sa sainda.<ref name="Parcque 2016">{{cite web|title=Parque Nacional Izta-Popo Zoquiapan|url=https://simec.conanp.gob.mx/ficha.php?anp=87&=11|website=SIMEC: Sistema de Información, Monitoreo, y Evaluación para la Conservación|publisher=Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas|language=es|date=5 August 2016|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Conanp2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.conanp.gob.mx/sig/|title=Sistema de Información Geográfica|work=Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas|access-date=22 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027200233/http://www.conanp.gob.mx/sig/|archive-date=27 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

An Popocatépetl yaon sa {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} habagatan subangan kan [[Mexico City]], sa kun saen iyan pwedeng mahiling nin regular, depende sa kamugtakan kan panahon. Sagkod sa dai pa nahahaloy, an bulkan saro sa tulong haralangkaw na alitoktok sa Mexico na igwang [[Glacier|glaciers]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Beiträge zur Geomorphologie.- Proceedings Fachtagung der Schweizerischen Geomorphologischen Gesellschaft, 8–10 July 1999|author=Huggel, C.|author2=Delgado, H.|publisher=Bramois, WSL Birmensdorf|year=2000|editor=Hegg, C.|pages=97–106|chapter=Glacier monitoring at Popocatépetl Volcano, México: glacier shrinkage and possible causes|access-date=2012-04-17|editor2=Vonder Muehll, D.|chapter-url=http://www.geofisica.unam.mx/popoc/colaboracion/GTNH/files/public_mexico/03Huggel_Glacier%20monitoring.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.geofisica.unam.mx/popoc/colaboracion/GTNH/files/public_mexico/03Huggel_Glacier%20monitoring.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09|url-status=live}}</ref> an iba pa iyo an Iztaccihuatl asin Pico de Orizaba. Kaidtong dekada 1990, an glaciers siring kan [[Glaciar Norte (Popocatépetl)|Glaciar Norte]] (North Glacier) nagin sadit nin marhay an sukol, huli gayod sa maimbong na temperatura alagad dakulang posibilidad na huli sa padagos na bulkanikong aktibidad.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Granados|first=HD|title=The glaciers of Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): Changes and causes|journal=Quaternary International|volume=43–44|year=1997|pages=53–60|url=http://www.mendeley.com/research/glaciers-popocatpetl-volcano-mexico-changes-causes/|access-date=2012-04-17|bibcode=1997QuInt..43...53G|doi=10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00020-7}}</ref> Kaidtong kaamayi kan 2001, an mga glacier kan Popocatépetl nawara na; an yelo nagdanay na yaon sa bulkan, alagad dai na pigpapahiling an characteristic features kan glaciers siring kan [[crevasses]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Chronicle of a death foretold: Extinction of the small-size tropical glaciers of Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)|journal=Global and Planetary Change|volume=56|issue=1–2|year=2007|pages=13–22|doi=10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.010|vauthors=Delgado Granados H, Miranda PJ, Huggel C, Ortega del Valle S, Alatorre Ibargüengoitia MA|bibcode=2007GPC....56...13D}}</ref><ref name="Huggel">{{cite journal|url=http://www.unesco.org.uy/phi/biblioteca/bitstream/123456789/519/1/12huggel_et+al.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029130701/http://www.unesco.org.uy/phi/biblioteca/bitstream/123456789/519/1/12huggel_et+al.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-29|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=170|issue=1–2|year=2008|pages=99–110|title=Evaluation of ASTER and SRTM DEM data for lahar modeling: A case study on lahars from Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico|vauthors=Huggel C, Schneider D, Julio Miranda P, Granados HD, Kääb A|access-date=2012-04-17|bibcode=2008JVGR..170...99H|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.005|s2cid=51845260}}</ref><ref name="JulioMiranda2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Julio-Miranda P, Delgado-Granados H, Huggel C, Kääb A|title=Impact of the eruptive activity on glacier evolution at Popocatépetl Volcano (México) during 1994–2004|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=170|issue=1–2|year=2008|pages=86–98|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.011|bibcode=2008JVGR..170...86J|url=http://www.geofisica.unam.mx/popoc/colaboracion/GTNH/files/public_mexico/11Julio%20et%20al.pdf|citeseerx=10.1.1.536.4620|access-date=2017-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915163413/http://www.geofisica.unam.mx/popoc/colaboracion/GTNH/files/public_mexico/11Julio%20et%20al.pdf|archive-date=2012-09-15|url-status=dead|archivedate=2012-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915163413/http://www.geofisica.unam.mx/popoc/colaboracion/GTNH/files/public_mexico/11Julio%20et%20al.pdf}}</ref>

An [[lava]] na nagtutuga gikan sa Popocatépetl sa kasaysayan sarong predominanteng [[Basaltic andesite|andesitic]], alagad nakapag-alboruto na iyan nin darakulang bolyum nin [[dacite]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #V51A-1658|author=Sosa, G.|author2=Gardner, J.&nbsp;E.|author3=Lassiter, J.&nbsp;C.|journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts|publisher=American Geophysical Union|year=2009|volume=2009|pages=V51A–1658|chapter=Magma evolution during the last 23 ky at Popocatepetl Volcano: insights from Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes in plagioclase, pyroxene and pumice matrix|bibcode=2009AGUFM.V51A1658S}}</ref> An [[magma]] na prinodusir sa presenteng siklo nin aktibidad tends to be a mixture kan duwa tna igwang andesites na mayaman sa magnesium.<ref>{{cite book|title=Spring Meeting 2007, abstract #V42A-05|author=Martin, A. L.|author2=Cifuentes, G.|author3=Straub, S.|author4=Mendiola, F.|journal=AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts|publisher=American Geophysical Union|year=2007|volume=2007|pages=V42A–05|chapter=Magma Stagnation and Ascent at Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico during the last 10 years|bibcode=2007AGUSM.V42A..05M}}</ref>

==Toltolan==
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An Popocatépetl ( ,   Nahuatl: Popōcatepētl IPA: popoːkaˈtepeːt͡ɬ) iyo an sarong aktibong estratobulkan na namumugtak sa mga estado kan Puebla, Morelos, asin Mexico sa central Mexico. Nakabugtak iyan sa subangan na kabanga kan Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Sa  iyo iyan an ikaduwang pinakahalangkaw na alitoktok sa Mexico, pagkatapos kan Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) sa . An Popocatépetl nakaranggo na ika-89 sa prominence.

Pigtatakod iyan sa kambal bulkan na Iztaccihuatl sa amihanan kan halangkaw na saddle midbid bilang "Paso de Cortés". An Izta-Popo Zoquiapan National Park, kun saen an duwang bulkan manunuparan, ipinangaran sa sainda.

An Popocatépetl yaon sa  habagatan subangan kan Mexico City, sa kun saen iyan pwedeng mahiling nin regular, depende sa kamugtakan kan panahon. Sagkod sa dai pa nahahaloy, an bulkan saro sa tulong haralangkaw na alitoktok sa Mexico na igwang glaciers, an iba pa iyo an Iztaccihuatl asin Pico de Orizaba. Kaidtong dekada 1990, an glaciers siring kan Glaciar Norte (North Glacier) nagin sadit nin marhay an sukol, huli gayod sa maimbong na temperatura alagad dakulang posibilidad na huli sa padagos na bulkanikong aktibidad. Kaidtong kaamayi kan 2001, an mga glacier kan Popocatépetl nawara na; an yelo nagdanay na yaon sa bulkan, alagad dai na pigpapahiling an characteristic features kan glaciers siring kan crevasses.

An lava na nagtutuga gikan sa Popocatépetl sa kasaysayan sarong predominanteng andesitic, alagad nakapag-alboruto na iyan nin darakulang bolyum nin dacite. An magma na prinodusir sa presenteng siklo nin aktibidad tends to be a mixture kan duwa tna igwang andesites na mayaman sa magnesium.

Toltolan