Tataramon na Yidis
{{Infobox language
| name             = Yiddish
| nativename       = {{lang|yi|ייִדיש|rtl=yes}}, {{lang|yi|יידיש|rtl=yes}}, {{lang|yi|אידיש|rtl=yes}} or {{lang|yi|יודישע|rtl=yes}}, ''yidish'' / ''idish''
| pronunciation    = {{IPA-yi|ˈ(j)ɪdɪʃ|}}
| states           = Central, Eastern, and Western Europe
| region           = Europe, Israel, North America, South America, [[Jewish diaspora|other regions with Jewish populations]]<ref name=e18/>
| ethnicity        = [[Ashkenazi Jews]]
| speakers         = ≤600,000
| date             = 2021
| ref              = <ref name="2021 stats"/>
| familycolor      = Indo-Europeo
| fam1             = [[Mga tataramon na Indo-Europeo|Indo-European]]
| fam2             = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3             = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
| fam4             = [[High German languages|High German]]
| ancestor         = [[Old High German]]
* [[Middle High German]]<ref>Edited by Ekkehard König and Johan van der Auwera: ''The Germanic Languages.'' Routledge: London & New York, 1994, p. 388 (chapter ''12 Yiddish'')</ref><ref>Sten Vikner: ''Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax: Verb Movement and Expletive Subjects in the Germanic Languages.'' Oxford University Press: New York & Oxford, 1995, p. 7</ref>

| script           = [[Hebrew alphabet]] ([[Yiddish orthography]])<br /> occasionally [[Latin alphabet]]<ref>Matthias Mieses: ''Die Gesetze der Schriftgeschichte: Konfession und Schrift im Leben der Völker.'' 1919, p. 323.<br />
Also cp. the following works, where certain works in Yiddish language with Latin script are mentioned:

* Carmen Reichert: ''Poetische Selbstbilder: Deutsch-jüdische und Jiddische Lyrikanthologien 1900–1938.'' (''Jüdische Religion, Geschichte und Kultur. Band 29''). 2019, p. 223 (in chapter ''4. 10 Ein radikaler Schritt:eine jiddische Anthologie in lateinischen Buchstaben'')
* Illa Meisels: ''Erinnerung der Herzen.'' Wien: Czernin Verlag, 2004, p. 74: "Chaja Raismann, Nit in Golus un nit in der Heem, Amsterdam 1931, ein in lateinischen Buchstaben geschriebenes jiddisches Büchlein."
* Desanka Schwara: ''Humor und Toleranz. Ostjüdische Anekdoten als historische Quelle.'' 2001, p. 42
* Edited by Manfred Treml and Josef Kirmeier with assistance by Evamaria Brockhoff: ''Geschichte und Kultur der Juden in Bayern: Aufsätze.'' 1988, p. 522</ref>

| nation           = {{plainlist|
*[[Russian Federation]] ([[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]])<ref name=jao-ustav>{{cite web|url=http://constitution.garant.ru/region/ustav_evreis/chapter/1/|title=Устав Еврейской автономной области от 8 октября 1997 г. N 40-ОЗ (с изменениями и дополнениями) Глава I. Общие положения. Статья 6.2 [Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast N 40-ОЗ (with the Amendments and Additions of 8 October 1997): Chapter I. General situation. Article 6.2]|website=Сайт Конституции Российской Федерации [Site of the Constitution of the Russian Federation]|publisher=Garant|accessdate=2023-06-16|archive-date=2015-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221205825/http://constitution.garant.ru/region/ustav_evreis/chapter/1/#block_1000|url-status=live|quote=В области создаются условия для сохранения, изучения и развития языков еврейского народа и других народов, проживающих на территории области.|trans-quote=In the oblast the conditions will be created for the protection, stidy and growth of the languages of the Jewish peoples and other peoples living on the territory of the oblast.}}</ref>
}}

| minority         = {{plainlist|

* {{nowrap|[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]}}
* [[Germany]]
* [[Israel]]
* [[Netherlands]]
* [[Poland]]
* [[Romania]]
* [[Sweden]]
* [[Ukraine]]<ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/languages-covered What languages does the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages apply to?]</ref>
* [[Russia]]<ref name=jao-ustav/>
* [[Belarus]]{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}}}

| agency           = No formal bodies<br />[[YIVO]] ''de facto''
| iso1             = yi
| iso2             = yid
| iso3             = yid
| lc1              = ydd
| ld1              = Eastern Yiddish
| lc2              = yih
| ld2              = Western Yiddish
| lingua           = 52-ACB-g = 52-ACB-ga (West) + 52-ACB-gb (East); totalling 11 varieties
| glotto           = 
| glottorefname    = 
| map              = Lang Status 80-VU.svg
| mapcaption       = {{center|{{small|Yiddish is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]] (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/eastern-yiddish|title=World Atlas of Languages: Eastern Yiddish|website=en.wal.unesco.org|access-date=2023-04-23|archive-date=2023-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423140534/https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/eastern-yiddish|dead-url=yes}}</ref>}}}}
}}
[[File:BelohnteTugend.jpg|thumb|The opening page of the 1828 Yiddish-written Jewish holiday of [[Purim]] play ''Esther, oder die belohnte Tugend'' from [[Fürth]] (by Nürnberg), [[Bavaria]].]]
An '''tataramon na Yidis''' ({{lang|yi|ייִדיש}}, {{lang|yi|יידיש}} or {{lang|yi|אידיש}}, ''yidish'' o ''idish'', {{IPA-yi|ˈ(j)ɪdɪʃ|pron}}, {{lit.|Jewish}}; {{lang|yi|ייִדיש-טײַטש}}, ''Yidish-Taytsh'', {{lit.|Judeo-German}})<ref>[[Yaron Matras|Matras, Yaron]]. "[http://languagecontact.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/ELA/languages/Yiddish.html Archive of Endangered and Smaller Languages: Yiddish]". University of Manchester. humanities.manchester.ac.uk. Matres explains that with the emigration of Jews eastward into Slavic-speaking areas of Central Europe, from around the twelfth century onward, Yiddish "took on an independent development path", adding: "It was only in this context that Jews began to refer to their language as 'Yiddish' (= 'Jewish'), while earlier, it had been referred to as 'Yiddish-Taitsh' (='Judeo-German')."</ref> iyo an tataramon na [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] pigtataram sa kasaysayan kan mga [[Ashkenazi Jews]]. Naggikan sa ika-9 na siglo na<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Jacobs|2005|p=2}}</ref> Central Europe, nagtatao sa komunidad kan nascent Ashkenazi nin [[bernakular]] na basado sa [[High German]] sinalakan nin dakol na mga elemento na kinua gikan sa [[tataramon na Hebreo|Hebreo]] (notableng [[Mishnaic Hebrew|Mishnaic]]) asin sa ibang extent [[tataramon na Aramaiko|Aramaiko]]. Kadaklan na baryedad kan Yiddish kabali an mga elemento kan [[tataramon na Slabiko]] asin an bokabularyo igwa nin mga gira kan mga [[tataramon na Romanse]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyBQn7JrBVwC&pg=PA72|title=Introduction to Old Yiddish literature|last1=Baumgarten|first1=Jean|last2=Frakes|first2=Jerold C.|date=June 1, 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-927633-2|page=72}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/givennames/yiddial.htm|title=Development of Yiddish over the ages|publisher=jewishgen.org}}</ref><ref name="Yardumian">Aram Yardumian, [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2013/12/12/001354.full.pdf "A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry".] University of Pennsylvania. 2013.</ref> Yiddish is primarily written in the [[Hebrew alphabet]].

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{stub}}
An tataramon na Yidis (,  or , yidish o idish, , ; , Yidish-Taytsh, )Matras, Yaron. "Archive of Endangered and Smaller Languages: Yiddish". University of Manchester. humanities.manchester.ac.uk. Matres explains that with the emigration of Jews eastward into Slavic-speaking areas of Central Europe, from around the twelfth century onward, Yiddish "took on an independent development path", adding: "It was only in this context that Jews began to refer to their language as 'Yiddish' (= 'Jewish'), while earlier, it had been referred to as 'Yiddish-Taitsh' (='Judeo-German')." iyo an tataramon na West Germanic pigtataram sa kasaysayan kan mga Ashkenazi Jews. Naggikan sa ika-9 na siglo na Central Europe, nagtatao sa komunidad kan nascent Ashkenazi nin bernakular na basado sa High German sinalakan nin dakol na mga elemento na kinua gikan sa Hebreo (notableng Mishnaic) asin sa ibang extent Aramaiko. Kadaklan na baryedad kan Yiddish kabali an mga elemento kan tataramon na Slabiko asin an bokabularyo igwa nin mga gira kan mga tataramon na Romanse.Aram Yardumian, "A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry". University of Pennsylvania. 2013. Yiddish is primarily written in the Hebrew alphabet.

Toltolan