Hebreong Bibliya
An '''Hebreong Bibliya''' o '''Tanakh'''<ref name=":0">[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tanach "Tanach"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134849/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tanach|date=2016-03-04}}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> midbid man sa Hebreo bilang '''Miqra''', iyo an [[Biblical canon|canonical collection]] kan [[Tataramon na Hebreo|Hebreo]]ng eskritura, kompwesto an [[Torah]] (an limang Libro ni Moses), an [[Nevi'im]] (an mga Libro kan mga Propeta), asin an [[Ketuvim]] ('Kasuratan', mga kagsarong libro). Manlaenlaen na sangay kan [[Hudaismo]] asin [[Samaritanismo]] minantinir an manlaenlaen na bersyon kan canon, kabali an ika-3 siglo BCE tekstong [[Septuagint]] na ginamit sa [[Ikaduwang Templong Hudaismo]], an [[Syriac language|Syriac]] [[Peshitta]], an [[Samaritan Pentateuch]], an [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], asin an pinakadai pa nahahaloy iyo an ika-10ng siglong medieval [[Masoretic Text]] kinompleto kan [[Masoretes]], sa ngunyan piggagamit kan [[Rabbinic Judaism]].<ref name="Tov2014">{{cite book|title=The Text of the Hebrew Bible: From the Rabbis to the Masoretes|author-last=Tov|author-first=Emanuel|publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]|year=2014|isbn=978-3-525-55064-9|editor1-last=Martín-Contreras|editor1-first=Elvira|series=Journal of Ancient Judaism: Supplements|volume=103|location=[[Göttingen]]|pages=37–46|chapter=The Myth of the Stabilization of the Text of Hebrew Scripture|doi=10.13109/9783666550645.37|author-link=Emanuel Tov|access-date=2023-02-16|editor2-last=Miralles Maciá|editor2-first=Lorena|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPgxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215183958/https://books.google.com/books?id=YPgxBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37|archive-date=2023-02-15|url-status=live}}</ref> An mga terminong "Hebrew Bible" o "Hebrew Canon" iyo an parating kinakaribong sa Masoretic Text; alagad, an Masoretic Text iyo an medieval version asin saro sa nagkapirang teksto na konsideradong awtoritatibo kan manlaenlaen na klase nin [[Jewish history|Hudaismo sa bilog na kasaysayan]].<ref name="Tov2014" /> An presenteng edisyon ka Masoretic Text kadaklan yaon sa [[Biblikong Hebreo]], na igwang dikit na passages sa [[Biblical Aramaic]] (sa mga libro kan [[Libro ni Daniel|Daniel]] asin [[Libro ni Ezra|Ezra]], asin an bersikulo [[Libro ni Jeremiah|Jeremiah]] [[Jeremiah 10|10:11]]).<ref>{{Bibleverse|Jeremiah|10:11|HE}}</ref>

The authoritative form of the modern Hebrew Bible used in [[Rabbinic Judaism]] is the Masoretic Text (7th to 10th century CE), which consists of 24 books, divided into chapters and ''[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|pesuqim]]'' (verses). The [[Development of the Hebrew Bible canon|Hebrew Bible developed]] during the [[Second Temple Period]], as the Jews decided which religious texts were of divine origin; the Masoretic Text, compiled by the [[Masoretes|Jewish scribes and scholars]] of the [[Early Middle Ages]], comprises the [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] and [[Biblical Aramaic|Aramaic]] 24 books that they considered authoritative.<ref name="Tov2014" /> The [[Hellenization|Hellenized]] Greek-speaking [[Jews of Alexandria]] produced a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible called "the [[Septuagint]]", that included books later identified as the [[Biblical apocrypha|Apocrypha]], while the [[Samaritans]] produced their own edition of the Torah, the [[Samaritan Pentateuch]].  According to the Dutch–Israeli biblical scholar and linguist [[Emanuel Tov]], professor of Bible Studies at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], both of these ancient editions of the Hebrew Bible differ significantly from the medieval Masoretic Text.<ref name="Tov2014" />

In addition to the Masoretic Text, modern biblical scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2014/05/13/news-opinion/united-states/scholars-seek-hebrew-bibles-original-text-but-was-there-one.|title=Scholars seek Hebrew Bible's original text – but was there one?|author-last1=Weiss|author-first1=Anthony|website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|access-date=25 September 2015|date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2016-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105223020/http://www.jta.org/2014/05/13/news-opinion/united-states/scholars-seek-hebrew-bibles-original-text-but-was-there-one.|url-status=live}}</ref> These include the Septuagint, the [[Syriac language]] [[Peshitta]] translation, the [[Samaritan Pentateuch]], the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] collection, the [[Targum Onkelos]], and quotations from [[Rabbinic literature|rabbinic manuscripts]]. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases and often differ from it.<ref>{{cite web|author-last1=Weiss|author-first1=Anthony|date=14 May 2014|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/controversy-lurks-as-scholars-suss-out-original-biblical-text/#ixzz31uFPqDC8|title=Controversy lurks as scholars try to work out Bible's original text|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=25 September 2015|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925151526/http://www.timesofisrael.com/controversy-lurks-as-scholars-suss-out-original-biblical-text/#ixzz31uFPqDC8|url-status=live}}</ref> These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an [[Urtext (biblical studies)|Urtext]] of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today.<ref>Isaac Leo Seeligmann, Robert Hanhart, Hermann Spieckermann: ''The Septuagint Version of Isaiah and Cognate Studies'', Tübingen 2004, pp. 33–34.</ref> However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/understandingdea00shan|title=Understanding the Dead Sea Scrolls|last1=Shanks|first1=Herschel|publisher=Random House|year=1992|isbn=978-0679414483|edition=1st|page=[https://archive.org/details/understandingdea00shan/page/336 336]|url-access=registration}}</ref>

Igwang dakol na pagkakaagid sa pag-ultanan kan Hebreong Bibliya asin sa Kristianong [[Daan na Tipan]]. An [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Old Testament kabali an parehong libro bilang Hebreong Bibliya, alagad an mga libro nakapakarhay sa manlaenlaen na pagkasunod-sunod. An mga simbahan [[Simbahan Katoliko|Katoliko]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox]], asin [[Assyrian Church of the East|Assyrian]] kabali an [[Deuterocanonical books]], na bakong kabali sa naunambitan nang bersyon kan Hebreong Bibliya.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Andersen|first=Alex|date=Spring 2019|title=Reconsidering the Roman Catholic Apocrypha|url=https://firescholars.seu.edu/ccplus/3|url-status=live|journal=Classical Conversations|location=[[Lakeland, Florida]]|publisher=[[Southeastern University (Florida)|Southeastern University]]|volume=3|pages=1–47|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216070312/https://firescholars.seu.edu/ccplus/3/|archive-date=16 February 2023|access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref> Sa [[Islam]], an ''[[Torah sa Islam|Tawrat]]'' (Aramaic: توراة) iyo an parating pigmimidbid na bakô sanang sa ''[[Pentateuch]]'' (an limang libro ni [[Moses]]), alagad siring man sa iba pang libro kan Hebreong Bibliya.<ref>Isabel Lang ''Intertextualität als hermeneutischer Zugang zur Auslegung des Korans: Eine Betrachtung am Beispiel der Verwendung von Israiliyyat in der Rezeption der Davidserzählung in Sure 38: 21-25'' Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, 31.12.2015 {{ISBN|9783832541514}} p. 98 (German)</ref>

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An Hebreong Bibliya o Tanakh"Tanach" . Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. midbid man sa Hebreo bilang Miqra, iyo an canonical collection kan Hebreong eskritura, kompwesto an Torah (an limang Libro ni Moses), an Nevi'im (an mga Libro kan mga Propeta), asin an Ketuvim ('Kasuratan', mga kagsarong libro). Manlaenlaen na sangay kan Hudaismo asin Samaritanismo minantinir an manlaenlaen na bersyon kan canon, kabali an ika-3 siglo BCE tekstong Septuagint na ginamit sa Ikaduwang Templong Hudaismo, an Syriac Peshitta, an Samaritan Pentateuch, an Dead Sea Scrolls, asin an pinakadai pa nahahaloy iyo an ika-10ng siglong medieval Masoretic Text kinompleto kan Masoretes, sa ngunyan piggagamit kan Rabbinic Judaism. An mga terminong "Hebrew Bible" o "Hebrew Canon" iyo an parating kinakaribong sa Masoretic Text; alagad, an Masoretic Text iyo an medieval version asin saro sa nagkapirang teksto na konsideradong awtoritatibo kan manlaenlaen na klase nin Hudaismo sa bilog na kasaysayan. An presenteng edisyon ka Masoretic Text kadaklan yaon sa Biblikong Hebreo, na igwang dikit na passages sa Biblical Aramaic (sa mga libro kan Daniel asin Ezra, asin an bersikulo Jeremiah 10:11).

The authoritative form of the modern Hebrew Bible used in Rabbinic Judaism is the Masoretic Text (7th to 10th century CE), which consists of 24 books, divided into chapters and pesuqim (verses). The Hebrew Bible developed during the Second Temple Period, as the Jews decided which religious texts were of divine origin; the Masoretic Text, compiled by the Jewish scribes and scholars of the Early Middle Ages, comprises the Hebrew and Aramaic 24 books that they considered authoritative. The Hellenized Greek-speaking Jews of Alexandria produced a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible called "the Septuagint", that included books later identified as the Apocrypha, while the Samaritans produced their own edition of the Torah, the Samaritan Pentateuch.  According to the Dutch–Israeli biblical scholar and linguist Emanuel Tov, professor of Bible Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, both of these ancient editions of the Hebrew Bible differ significantly from the medieval Masoretic Text.

In addition to the Masoretic Text, modern biblical scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources. These include the Septuagint, the Syriac language Peshitta translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls collection, the Targum Onkelos, and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases and often differ from it. These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today.Isaac Leo Seeligmann, Robert Hanhart, Hermann Spieckermann: The Septuagint Version of Isaiah and Cognate Studies, Tübingen 2004, pp. 33–34. However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.

Igwang dakol na pagkakaagid sa pag-ultanan kan Hebreong Bibliya asin sa Kristianong Daan na Tipan. An Protestant Old Testament kabali an parehong libro bilang Hebreong Bibliya, alagad an mga libro nakapakarhay sa manlaenlaen na pagkasunod-sunod. An mga simbahan Katoliko, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, asin Assyrian kabali an Deuterocanonical books, na bakong kabali sa naunambitan nang bersyon kan Hebreong Bibliya. Sa Islam, an Tawrat (Aramaic: توراة) iyo an parating pigmimidbid na bakô sanang sa Pentateuch (an limang libro ni Moses), alagad siring man sa iba pang libro kan Hebreong Bibliya.Isabel Lang Intertextualität als hermeneutischer Zugang zur Auslegung des Korans: Eine Betrachtung am Beispiel der Verwendung von Israiliyyat in der Rezeption der Davidserzählung in Sure 38: 21-25 Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, 31.12.2015  p. 98 (German)

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