Seudosiyensya
[[Ladawan:PhrenologyPix.jpg|thumb|A typical 19th-century [[phrenology]] chart: During the 1820s, phrenologists claimed the mind was located in areas of the brain, and were attacked for doubting that mind came from the nonmaterial soul. Their idea of reading "bumps" in the skull to predict personality traits was later discredited.<ref name="bowler">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8/page/128|title=Evolution: The History of an Idea|vauthors=Bowler J|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-520-23693-6|edition=3rd|page=[https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8/page/128 128]|author-link=Peter J. Bowler}}</ref><ref name="dtg6e">Parker Jones, O., Alfaro-Almagro, F., & Jbabdi, S. (2018). ''An empirical, 21st century evaluation of phrenology''. Cortex. Volume 106. pp. 26–35. doi: {{doi|10.1016/j.cortex.2018.04.011}}</ref> Phrenology was first termed a pseudoscience in 1843 and continues to be considered so.<ref name="Magendie1843" />]]
An '''seudosiyensya''' kompwesto nin statements, mga [[pagtubod]], o kaugalian na naghihingako na siyentipiko asin factual alagad bakong compatible sa [[scientific method]]. An seudosiyensya parating karakterisado kan contradictory, eksaherado o [[Falsifiability|unfalsifiable claims]]; reliance sa [[confirmation bias]] imbes na sa rigorous na pagbalo sa refutation; kawàran nin openness sa [[Peer review|ebalwasyon kan ibang mga eksperto]]; kawàran nin sistematikong practices kapag nagpapa-uswag nin [[Hypothesis|hypotheses]]; asin pagpadagos kan adherence pagkatawo kan seudosiyentipikong hypotheses nagin experimentally discredited.<ref name="SEP section SciPse">{{citation|chapter-url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science|chapter=Science and Pseudoscience|at=Section 2: The "science" of pseudoscience|title=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|first=Sven Ove|year=2008|last=Hansson|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|name-list-style=vanc|access-date=8 April 2009|archive-date=6 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906011752/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Toltolan==
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An seudosiyensya kompwesto nin statements, mga pagtubod, o kaugalian na naghihingako na siyentipiko asin factual alagad bakong compatible sa scientific method. An seudosiyensya parating karakterisado kan contradictory, eksaherado o unfalsifiable claims; reliance sa confirmation bias imbes na sa rigorous na pagbalo sa refutation; kawàran nin openness sa ebalwasyon kan ibang mga eksperto; kawàran nin sistematikong practices kapag nagpapa-uswag nin hypotheses; asin pagpadagos kan adherence pagkatawo kan seudosiyentipikong hypotheses nagin experimentally discredited.

Toltolan