Ahmad Shah Massoud
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Hero of the Afghan Nation
| name          = Ahmad Shah Massoud<br />{{nq|احمد شاه مسعود}}
| image         =
| image_size    =
| caption       =
   | office        = [[Ministry of Defense (Afghanistan)|Minister of Defense]] of [[Islamic State of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]
   | term_start    = Abril 28, 1992
   | term_end      = Setyembre 9, 2001{{-}}{{small|Temporaryo Abril 28, 1992 to Hunyo 28, 1992{{-}}Kontra sa Taliban poon Septyembre 27, 1996}}
   | president =  [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]
   | predecessor  = [[Mohammad Aslam Watanjar]]
   | successor    = [[Mohammed Fahim]]
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1953|09|02|mf=yes}}{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
| death_date    = {{death date and age|2001|09|09|1953|09|02|mf=yes}}
| birth_place   = [[Bazarak, Panjshir]], [[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]
| death_place   = [[Takhar Province]], Afghanistan{{Efn|Pronounced dead in or near [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-airlifts-military-hospital-to-tajikistan-to-strengthen-geo-strategic-footprint-in-central-asia/articleshow/19609593.cms?from=mdr|title=India airlifts military hospital to Tajikistan to strengthen geo-strategic footprint in Central Asia|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/10/05/afghan-rebels-rebound-from-their-leaders-death/982ed6a7-bf5d-4d38-85d6-8da486ff1cd7/ |title=Archived copy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 23, 2021 |archive-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827081816/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/10/05/afghan-rebels-rebound-from-their-leaders-death/982ed6a7-bf5d-4d38-85d6-8da486ff1cd7/ }}</ref>}}
| death_cause   = [[Asasinasyon]]
| party         = [[Jamiat-e Islami]]
| spouse        = Sediqa Massoud
| children      = 6, kabali si [[Ahmad Massoud|Ahmad]]
| nickname      = "Lion of Panjshir" ({{lang-fa|شیر پنجشیر}})
| branch        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Jamiat-e Islami.svg}} [[Jamiat-e Islami]] / [[Shura-e Nazar]]{{Efn|Part of the [[Afghan mujahideen]].}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1992–2001).svg}} [[Military of Afghanistan|Afghan Armed Forces]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag flown in Panjshir (2019).svg}} [[Northern Alliance|United Islamic Front]]
| serviceyears  = 1975–2001
| rank          = [[General]]
| unit          =
| commands      = [[Jamiat-e Islami|Mujahideen]] commander during the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]<br />Commander of the [[United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan|United Islamic Front]]
| battles       = {{Unbulleted list|1975 Panjshir valley uprising<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/martyrs-week-massoud%E2%80%99s-death-anniversary-commemorated|title=Martyrs Week, Massoud's Death Anniversary Commemorated|work=Tolo News|date=September 9, 2019|quote=Two years later, in 1975, he led the first rebellion of Panjshir residents against the government of that time.}}</ref>|[[Soviet–Afghan War]]|[[Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)|Afghan Civil War]]{{Assassinated}}}}
| awards        = National Hero of Afghanistan<br />[[File:Order Ismoili Somoni Rib.png|border|23px]] [[Order of Ismoili Somoni]]
| relations     =
| laterwork     =
}}
[[Ladawan:Ahmad Massoud (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ahmad Shah Massoud]]
Si '''Ahmad Shah Massoud''' (احمد شاه مسعود- Aḥmad Šāh Mas'ūd; [[Septyembre 2]], [[1953]] – [[Setyembre 9]], [[2001]]) sarong Apganong estudyante nin inhenyero sa Kabul na nagin lider militar asin dakulang gayo an papel sa pagpalayas kan Hokbong Sobyet sa nasyon kan [[Apganistan]]. Huli kaini, siya nabansagan "Leon nin Panjshir"; an mga parasunod niya inapod siyang Āmir Sāhib-e Shahīd (An Samong Namomotan na Kumandanteng Martiryo). Sinasabing sarong debotong [[Sunni Muslim]], na pirming may bitbit kan libro ni Ghazli (sarong Sufing mistiko), siya maisog na sinikwal an mga interpretasyon kan Islam kan mga [[Taliban]], kan [[Al Qaeda]] asin kan mga Saudita na nag'aandorog sa Taliban. An mga tagasunod niya hinihiling siyang gayo bako sana bilang sarong lider militar kundi komo sarong lider espiritual.<ref> name="Webster University Press Book"</ref>

Kan mag'atras na an mga tropang Sobyet sa Apganistan, an ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''  binunyagan siyang "An Apganong ginana an Cold War". Kan maglakma' na an komunistang gobyerno na suportado kan mga Sobyet (1992), an [[Republikang Demokratiko nin Apganistan]] na pinamayohan ni [[Mohammad Najibullah]], si Massoud nagin Ministro kan Defensa sa gobyerno ni [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]. Alagad pag'abot kan taon 1996, panahon na nagbungkaras an pwersa kan Taliban asin naagaw kani an poder, si Massoud nagbalik sa papel niyang lider sa oposisyon. Ginibo siyang kumander militar asin lider pulitikal kan [[United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan|United Islamic Front]]. Sa Solnopan, inapod an grupong oposisyon na ini na ''Northern Alliance''.

Kan Setyembre 9, 2001, duwang aldaw bago kaidtong [[atake Septyembre 11]] sa Estados Unidos, si Massoud naasisinar sa probinsya nin [[Takhar]], Apganistan kan duwang pinagsasahotan na mga Arabong myembro kan [[al-Qaeda]] na nagsaginsagin mga peryodista na mainterbyu saiya. Siya sunod na taon pigbunyagan bilang sarong heroe nasyunal sa pagboot ni Apganong Presidente na si [[Hamid Karzai]].An aldaw kan saiyang kagadanan, Sept. 9,  pigroromdom ngonyan bilang "Aldaw ni Massoud" kan nasyon.<ref>[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/afghanistan/events Afghanistan Events], Lonely Planet Travel Guide.</ref> Nominado man siya kan 2002 bilang kandidato para sa [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]].

== Mga dugang na basahon ==
* Marcela Grad (2009): ''Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader''; Webster University Press, 310pp  (recommended)
* Sediqa Massoud with Chékéba Hachemi and Marie-Francoise Colombani (2005): ''Pour l'amour de Massoud''; Document XO Editions, 265pp (in French)  (recommended)
* Amin Saikal (2006): ''Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival''; I. B. Tauris, 352pp  ("One of the "Five Best" Books on Afghanistan" - Wall Street Journal)
* Roy Gutman (2008): ''How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan''; United States Institute of Peace Press, 304pp
* [[Steve Coll|Coll, Steve]] (2004): ''[[Ghost Wars|Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 9, 2001]]''; Penguin Press, 695pp, ISBN 1-59420-007-6. (won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction)
* Stephen Tanner: ''Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban''
* Christophe de Ponfilly (2001): ''Massoud l'Afghan''; Gallimard, 437pp (in French)
* Gary C. Schroen (2005):'' 'First In' An Insiders Account of How The CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan''; New York: Presido Press/Ballantine Books, ISBN 978-0-89141-872-6.
* Peter Bergen:'' Holy War, Inc.''
*[[Ahmed Rashid]]: ''TALIBAN - The Story of the Afghan Warlords''; ISBN 0-330-49221-7.
* A. R. Rowan: ''On The Trail Of A Lion: Ahmed Shah Massoud, Oil Politics and Terror''
*[[Ken Follett]]: ''Lie Down With Lions''
* James McGee: ''Crow's War''
* MaryAnn T. Beverly (2007):'' From That Flame''; Kallisti Publishing
* Roger Plunk: ''The Wandering Peacemaker''
* References to Massoud appear in the book ''"A Thousand Splendid Suns"'' by [[Khaled Hosseini]].

== Mga panluwas na takod ==

*[http://www.afghan-web.com/documents/let-masood.html Massoud, Surat niya sa Amerika] 1998
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/10/opinion/10iht-edsaikal_ed3_.html "Pagromdom ki Massoud, naglalaban para sa Katoninongan," ''The New York Times, September 10, 2002.]
*[http://globalresearch.ca/articles/WOL309A.html The Assassination of Ahmad Shah Massoud] Paul Wolf, ''Global Research''
*[http://jawedan.com/ Jawedan.com] (Pashtu, Persian & English)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061206022344/http://www.time.com/time/asia/2006/heroes/nb_massoud.html 60 Years of Asian Heroes: Ahmad Shah Massoud] ''Time'', 2006
*[http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/09/bc868dd6-f1e9-413b-a013-2a2f590eedc5.html Profile: Afghanistan's 'Lion Of Panjshir'] ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty'', September 5, 2006
*[http://www.orient.uw.edu.pl/balcerowicz/texts/Ahmad_Shah_Masood_en.htm Ultimong interbyu ki Ahmad Shah Massoud] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925043421/http://www.orient.uw.edu.pl/balcerowicz/texts/Ahmad_Shah_Masood_en.htm |date=2006-09-25 }} Piotr Balcerowicz, kaamayan kan Agosto 2001
*[http://www.peace-initiatives.com/breakfast.htm "Pagmahaw ninda ni Massoud" ki Roger Plunk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715060420/http://www.peace-initiatives.com/breakfast.htm |date=2011-07-15 }} ''The Source'', December 1, 2001
*[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-3/sainis.html Bharat Rakshak Monitor - Ahmad Shah Mas’ud (1953-2001)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091023122654/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-3/sainis.html |date=2009-10-23 }}
*[http://www.peace-initiatives.com/frame.htm Mga swestyon para sa Katoninongan, ni Kumandante Massoud, sa Ingles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310123118/http://www.peace-initiatives.com/frame.htm |date=2012-03-10 }} [http://www.peace-initiatives.com/dari.htm in Dari (Persian)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715060433/http://www.peace-initiatives.com/dari.htm |date=2011-07-15 }}
*[http://articles.latimes.com/print/2010/sep/22/world/la-fg-afghanistan-massoud-20100922 Afghan Kumandante Massoud, Ginadan kan Bisperas nin 9/11 na mga Atake, siya heroe nasyunal] ki ''[[The LA Times]]''
;Apganistan - an Narawrawan na Kapangganahan (pelikulang dokumentaryo) kan BBC
(documentary film directly from the year 1989 explaining the beginning of the turmoil to follow)
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YGVQm_fALY Massoud and Afghanistan 1989]
;Kumandante Massoud, an saiyang pakipagtusay (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Nagakura Hiromi
(poon 1992: sarong bulan pakatapos nagbagsak an komunistang rehimen, kan si Hekmatyar mapalayas asin nagdalagan sa habagatan na luwasluwas kan  Kabul, bago siya nagparabomba naman kan Kabul, na suportado kan mga Pakistani)
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKhmRlKXchs Hekmatyar linusob an Kabul pero dai nakaasba]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4wIWtOgqJU Massoud popular sa banwaan, may pananya' saiya na siya an mabangon asin mapa'uswag kan nasyon]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANuw_YwK7kc Massoud nagngata' na mapugol an paggera sa pag'ultan ni Ittehad asin Wahdat]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YX8tEQHQ_g Massoud naghayag kan saiyang mga paninindogan]
;Massoud, an urulay ninda ni Hekmatyar (orihinal na dokumento 1992)
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVMdc_2R6LY Massoud nagngata na pugolon si Hekmatyar na dai mag'atake sa Kabul]
;Ahmad Shah Massoud - Apgano nin Palad (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Iqbal Malhotra
*[http://www.factualtv.com/documentary/Massoud-Destinys-Afghan View Documentary on FactualTV (free)]
*[http://www.docsonline.tv/Archives/description.php?doc=60 Ahmad Shah Massoud, Apgano nin Palad]
;Massoud, an Apgano (pelikula dokumentaryo) ki Christophe de Ponfilly
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJwbKomNuA0 Massoud l'Afghan part 1]
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F03E2D9163BF937A35751C1A9649C8B63 ''New York Times'' Film Review]
*[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/massoud_the_afghan/ rottentomatoes.com Film Review]
*[http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=6870888 Theatrical Release]
;Siisay naggadan ki Massoud? (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Didier Martiny
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSOkVkvIl3A&feature=related Who Killed Massoud? part 1]
;An Leon kan Panjshir (Sinfonia No. 2) para sa banda sinfonia kan kompsoitor na si [[David Gaines (composer)|David Gaines]]
*[http://www.davidgaines.org/lion-overview/ Information, concert program, newspaper reviews, available recordings and scores] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126230606/http://www.davidgaines.org/lion-overview/ |date=2011-01-26 }}
;Mga Retrato
*[http://shirepanjshir.redbubble.com Photographs of the Lion of the Panjshir]

== Toltolan ==
{{reflist}}
{{poon}}
Si Ahmad Shah Massoud (احمد شاه مسعود- Aḥmad Šāh Mas'ūd; Septyembre 2, 1953 – Setyembre 9, 2001) sarong Apganong estudyante nin inhenyero sa Kabul na nagin lider militar asin dakulang gayo an papel sa pagpalayas kan Hokbong Sobyet sa nasyon kan Apganistan. Huli kaini, siya nabansagan "Leon nin Panjshir"; an mga parasunod niya inapod siyang Āmir Sāhib-e Shahīd (An Samong Namomotan na Kumandanteng Martiryo). Sinasabing sarong debotong Sunni Muslim, na pirming may bitbit kan libro ni Ghazli (sarong Sufing mistiko), siya maisog na sinikwal an mga interpretasyon kan Islam kan mga Taliban, kan Al Qaeda asin kan mga Saudita na nag'aandorog sa Taliban. An mga tagasunod niya hinihiling siyang gayo bako sana bilang sarong lider militar kundi komo sarong lider espiritual. name="Webster University Press Book"

Kan mag'atras na an mga tropang Sobyet sa Apganistan, an Wall Street Journal  binunyagan siyang "An Apganong ginana an Cold War". Kan maglakma' na an komunistang gobyerno na suportado kan mga Sobyet (1992), an Republikang Demokratiko nin Apganistan na pinamayohan ni Mohammad Najibullah, si Massoud nagin Ministro kan Defensa sa gobyerno ni Burhanuddin Rabbani. Alagad pag'abot kan taon 1996, panahon na nagbungkaras an pwersa kan Taliban asin naagaw kani an poder, si Massoud nagbalik sa papel niyang lider sa oposisyon. Ginibo siyang kumander militar asin lider pulitikal kan United Islamic Front. Sa Solnopan, inapod an grupong oposisyon na ini na Northern Alliance.

Kan Setyembre 9, 2001, duwang aldaw bago kaidtong atake Septyembre 11 sa Estados Unidos, si Massoud naasisinar sa probinsya nin Takhar, Apganistan kan duwang pinagsasahotan na mga Arabong myembro kan al-Qaeda na nagsaginsagin mga peryodista na mainterbyu saiya. Siya sunod na taon pigbunyagan bilang sarong heroe nasyunal sa pagboot ni Apganong Presidente na si Hamid Karzai.An aldaw kan saiyang kagadanan, Sept. 9,  pigroromdom ngonyan bilang "Aldaw ni Massoud" kan nasyon.Afghanistan Events, Lonely Planet Travel Guide. Nominado man siya kan 2002 bilang kandidato para sa Nobel Peace Prize.

 Mga dugang na basahon 
 Marcela Grad (2009): Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader; Webster University Press, 310pp  (recommended)
 Sediqa Massoud with Chékéba Hachemi and Marie-Francoise Colombani (2005): Pour l'amour de Massoud; Document XO Editions, 265pp (in French)  (recommended)
 Amin Saikal (2006): Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival; I. B. Tauris, 352pp  ("One of the "Five Best" Books on Afghanistan" - Wall Street Journal)
 Roy Gutman (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan; United States Institute of Peace Press, 304pp
 Coll, Steve (2004): Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 9, 2001; Penguin Press, 695pp, ISBN 1-59420-007-6. (won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction)
 Stephen Tanner: Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban
 Christophe de Ponfilly (2001): Massoud l'Afghan; Gallimard, 437pp (in French)
 Gary C. Schroen (2005): 'First In' An Insiders Account of How The CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan; New York: Presido Press/Ballantine Books, ISBN 978-0-89141-872-6.
 Peter Bergen: Holy War, Inc.
Ahmed Rashid: TALIBAN - The Story of the Afghan Warlords; ISBN 0-330-49221-7.
 A. R. Rowan: On The Trail Of A Lion: Ahmed Shah Massoud, Oil Politics and Terror
Ken Follett: Lie Down With Lions
 James McGee: Crow's War
 MaryAnn T. Beverly (2007): From That Flame; Kallisti Publishing
 Roger Plunk: The Wandering Peacemaker
 References to Massoud appear in the book "A Thousand Splendid Suns" by Khaled Hosseini.

 Mga panluwas na takod 

Massoud, Surat niya sa Amerika 1998
[http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/10/opinion/10iht-edsaikal_ed3_.html "Pagromdom ki Massoud, naglalaban para sa Katoninongan," The New York Times, September 10, 2002.]
The Assassination of Ahmad Shah Massoud Paul Wolf, Global ResearchJawedan.com (Pashtu, Persian & English)
60 Years of Asian Heroes: Ahmad Shah Massoud Time, 2006
Profile: Afghanistan's 'Lion Of Panjshir' Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, September 5, 2006
Ultimong interbyu ki Ahmad Shah Massoud  Piotr Balcerowicz, kaamayan kan Agosto 2001
"Pagmahaw ninda ni Massoud" ki Roger Plunk  The Source, December 1, 2001
Bharat Rakshak Monitor - Ahmad Shah Mas’ud (1953-2001) 
Mga swestyon para sa Katoninongan, ni Kumandante Massoud, sa Ingles  in Dari (Persian) 
Afghan Kumandante Massoud, Ginadan kan Bisperas nin 9/11 na mga Atake, siya heroe nasyunal ki The LA Times''
Apganistan - an Narawrawan na Kapangganahan (pelikulang dokumentaryo) kan BBC
(documentary film directly from the year 1989 explaining the beginning of the turmoil to follow)
Massoud and Afghanistan 1989
Kumandante Massoud, an saiyang pakipagtusay (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Nagakura Hiromi
(poon 1992: sarong bulan pakatapos nagbagsak an komunistang rehimen, kan si Hekmatyar mapalayas asin nagdalagan sa habagatan na luwasluwas kan  Kabul, bago siya nagparabomba naman kan Kabul, na suportado kan mga Pakistani)
Hekmatyar linusob an Kabul pero dai nakaasba
Massoud popular sa banwaan, may pananya' saiya na siya an mabangon asin mapa'uswag kan nasyon
Massoud nagngata' na mapugol an paggera sa pag'ultan ni Ittehad asin Wahdat
Massoud naghayag kan saiyang mga paninindogan
Massoud, an urulay ninda ni Hekmatyar (orihinal na dokumento 1992)
Massoud nagngata na pugolon si Hekmatyar na dai mag'atake sa Kabul
Ahmad Shah Massoud - Apgano nin Palad (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Iqbal Malhotra
View Documentary on FactualTV (free)
Ahmad Shah Massoud, Apgano nin Palad
Massoud, an Apgano (pelikula dokumentaryo) ki Christophe de Ponfilly
Massoud l'Afghan part 1
New York Times Film Review
rottentomatoes.com Film Review
Theatrical Release
Siisay naggadan ki Massoud? (pelikulang dokumentaryo) ki Didier Martiny
Who Killed Massoud? part 1
An Leon kan Panjshir (Sinfonia No. 2) para sa banda sinfonia kan kompsoitor na si David Gaines
Information, concert program, newspaper reviews, available recordings and scores 
Mga Retrato
Photographs of the Lion of the Panjshir

 Toltolan