Pagtrabaho kan mga aki
[[Ladawan:Palestinian_child_laborer_walking_a_camel,_Lido_Beach,_Dead_Sea,_2010.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Sarong aking [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] na trabahador sa Kalya Junction, Lido beach, [[Delek Group|Delek petrol]] station, [[Highway 90 (Israel–Palestine)|road 90]] harani sa [[Dagat Gadan]]]]
[[Ladawan:Bangladesh_DSCF5339_FRANCISCO_MAGALLON_-_Visita_proyectos_ong_EDUCO.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Sarong aking trabahador [[Dhaka]], [[Child labour in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]]]
[[Ladawan:Дети_-шахтёры.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Mga aking minero nin ''coal'' sa [[Kahadean kan Prussia|Prussia]], huring ika-19 na siglo]]
[[Ladawan:Coaltub.png|too|nakakawadro|A succession of laws on child labour, the [[Factory Acts]], were passed in the UK in the 19th century. Children younger than 9 were not allowed to work, those aged 9–16 could work 12 hours per day per the [[Cotton Mills, etc. Act 1819|Cotton Mills Act]]. In 1856, the law permitted child labour past age 9, for 60 hours per week, night or day. In 1901, the permissible child labour age was raised to 12.<ref>{{cite web|author=Laura Del Col|title=The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth-Century England|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/workers1.html|website=Victorian Web}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|pmc=2507680|pmid=20759953|volume=2|issue=2139|title=The Factory and Workshop Act, 1901|journal=Br Med J|pages=1871–2|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.2139.1871|year=1901}}</ref>]]
[[Ladawan:Making_Shoes.jpg|thumb|Sarong aking Intsik nag-hihirahay nin sapatos, huring ika-19 na siglo]]
[[Ladawan:Child-labour.jpg|thumb|Pagtrabaho kan mga aki sa Nigeria]]
An '''pagtrabaho kan mga aki''' iyo an [[Exploitation of labour|exploitation]] sa mga aki sa paagi kan maski anong porma nin trabaho na nakakaapektar sa saindang abilidad na mag-atendir nin regular na eskwelahan, o kaya iyo an mentally, physically, socially asin morally na nakakadanyar.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is child labour?|publisher=International Labour Organization|year=2012|url=http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang--en/index.htm}}</ref> An siring na exploitation ipinapangalad kan lehislasyon sa bilog na kinaban,<ref name="UN" /><ref>{{cite web|title=International and national legislation - Child Labour|publisher=International Labour Organization|year=2011|url=http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Childdomesticlabour/iInternationalnationallegislation/lang--en/index.htm}}</ref> minsan nganì an mga ley na ini dai pigkokonsiderar na an gabos na trabaho kan mga aki bilang ''child labor''; dai kabali an trabaho kan aking artista, katongdan sa pamilya, supervised training, asin iba pang porma nin trabaho na pigsasagibo kan mga aking [[Amish]], siring man an [[Child work in Indigenous American cultures|by Indigenous children]] sa Americas.<ref name="Labour laws - An Amish exception">{{cite news|title=Labour laws - An Amish exception|newspaper=The Economist|date=5 February 2004|url=http://www.economist.com/node/2413745}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indigenous and tribal children: assessing child labour and education challenges|last=Larsen|first=P.B.|publisher=International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), International Labour Office}}</ref><ref name="EUR-Lex">{{cite journal|title=Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work|via=EUR-Lex|date=20 August 1994|journal=[[Official Journal of the European Communities]]|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:1994:216:FULL|volume=37}}</ref>

Nag-eksistir an ''child labor'' s manlaenlaen na ''extents'' sa bilog na kasaysayan. Durante kan ika-19 asin kaamayi kan ika-20 na siglo, dakol na mga aki edad na 5–14 gikan sa pobreng pamilya an nagtrabaho sa [[Solnopan na kinaban|Solnopan na mga nasyon]] asin an saindang mga [[kolonya]] siring man. An mga aking ini pangenot na nagtrabaho sa ''agrikultura'', home-based assembly operations, mga pabrika, [[mining]], asin mga serbisyo siring kan [[Newspaper hawker|news boys]]—an iba nagtrabaho sa pambanggi na nagdurar nin 12 oras. Sa paglangkaw kan kita sa lambang harong, an pagkakaigwa nin mga eskwelahan asin an pagkapasar kan [[Child labour law|child labour laws]], an ''incidence rates'' kan ''child labor'' buminaba.<ref name="ep99" /><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/hisper_childlabour_low.pdf|title=Child Labour in Historical Perspective: 1800-1985|publisher=UNICEF|year=1996|isbn=978-88-85401-27-3|editor1=Hugh Cunningham|editor2=Pier Paolo Viazzo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123040832/http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/hisper_childlabour_low.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The World of Child Labour|last=Hindman|first=Hugh|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7656-1707-1}}</ref>

{{As of|2023}}, an mga pinakapobreng nasyon sa kinaban, haros saro sa limang aki an imbwelto sa ''child labor'', an pinakahalangkaw na bilang iyo an mga nakaistar sa [[Sub-Saharan Africa|sub-saharan Africa]], kun saen labi sa saro sa apat na aki an imbwelto.<ref name="UNICEF 2023">{{cite web|url=https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/child-labour/|title=In the world's poorest countries, slightly more than 1 in 5 children are engaged in child labour|work=[[UNICEF]]|date=June 2023}}</ref> Pigrepresentar kaini an pag-oma kan ''child labor'' sa minasunod na kabangang dekada.<ref name="UNICEF Data – Child Labour">{{cite web|title=UNICEF Data – Child Labour|publisher=UNICEF|year=2017|url=https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/child-labour/|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref> Kaidtong 2017, apat na nasyon sa Aprika ([[Mali]], [[Benin]], [[Chad]] asin [[Guinea-Bissau]]) nakasaksi nin labi sa 50 porsyento nin aki edad 5–14 an nagtratrabaho.<ref name="UNICEF Data – Child Labour" /> Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour.<ref name="Child Labour">{{cite news|title=Child Labour|newspaper=The Economist|date=20 December 2005|url=http://www.economist.com/node/5328365?zid=317&ah=8a47fc455a44945580198768fad0fa41}}</ref> An mahiwas na mayorya kan mga ''child labor'' manunumpungan sa [[Ronang rural|rural]] na kamugtakan asin mga ekonomiyang impormal na urban; an mga aki predominanteng empleyado kan saindang mga magurang, imbes na sa mga pabrika.<ref name="ep05" /> Kapobrehan asin kawàran nin mga eskwelahan an pigkokonsiderar na pangenot na kawsa nin ''child labor''.<ref name="ilo2008a" /> Naunambitan kan [[UNICEF]] na an "boys and girls are equally likely to be involved in child labour", but in different roles, girls being substantially more likely to perform unpaid household labour.<ref name="UNICEF 2023" />

Sa bilog na kinaban an insidente kan ''child labor'' nag-ina nin 25% sagkod 10% sa pag-ultanan kan 1960 asin 2003, susog sa [[World Bank]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/94943fabd8c9427492a71d6324e2d23a/varldens-valfard-fyra-decennier-som-forandrade-planeten|title=Världens välfärd|last=Norberg|first=Johan|date=2007|publisher=Government Offices of Sweden|isbn=978-91-85935-00-0|location=Stockholm|page=58|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206191732/http://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/94943fabd8c9427492a71d6324e2d23a/varldens-valfard-fyra-decennier-som-forandrade-planeten|archive-date=6 February 2016|access-date=13 June 2025|dead-url=no}}</ref> Minsan siring, an kabilogan kan bilang kan mga aking trabahador nagdadanay na halangkaw, na an UNICEF asin [[ILO]] pigmimidbid an tantyadong 168 milyon na aki sa edad na 5–17 sa bilog na kinaban an imbwelto sa ''child labor'' kaidtong 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=To eliminate child labour, "attack it at its roots" UNICEF says|publisher=UNICEF|year=2013|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_70610.html|access-date=4 March 2014|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225024242/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_70610.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Toltolan==
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thumb|280x280px|Sarong aking trabahador Dhaka, Bangladesh
thumb|280x280px|Mga aking minero nin coal sa Prussia, huring ika-19 na siglo
too|nakakawadro|A succession of laws on child labour, the Factory Acts, were passed in the UK in the 19th century. Children younger than 9 were not allowed to work, those aged 9–16 could work 12 hours per day per the Cotton Mills Act. In 1856, the law permitted child labour past age 9, for 60 hours per week, night or day. In 1901, the permissible child labour age was raised to 12.
thumb|Sarong aking Intsik nag-hihirahay nin sapatos, huring ika-19 na siglo
thumb|Pagtrabaho kan mga aki sa Nigeria
An pagtrabaho kan mga aki iyo an exploitation sa mga aki sa paagi kan maski anong porma nin trabaho na nakakaapektar sa saindang abilidad na mag-atendir nin regular na eskwelahan, o kaya iyo an mentally, physically, socially asin morally na nakakadanyar. An siring na exploitation ipinapangalad kan lehislasyon sa bilog na kinaban, minsan nganì an mga ley na ini dai pigkokonsiderar na an gabos na trabaho kan mga aki bilang child labor; dai kabali an trabaho kan aking artista, katongdan sa pamilya, supervised training, asin iba pang porma nin trabaho na pigsasagibo kan mga aking Amish, siring man an by Indigenous children sa Americas.

Nag-eksistir an child labor s manlaenlaen na extents sa bilog na kasaysayan. Durante kan ika-19 asin kaamayi kan ika-20 na siglo, dakol na mga aki edad na 5–14 gikan sa pobreng pamilya an nagtrabaho sa Solnopan na mga nasyon asin an saindang mga kolonya siring man. An mga aking ini pangenot na nagtrabaho sa agrikultura, home-based assembly operations, mga pabrika, mining, asin mga serbisyo siring kan news boys—an iba nagtrabaho sa pambanggi na nagdurar nin 12 oras. Sa paglangkaw kan kita sa lambang harong, an pagkakaigwa nin mga eskwelahan asin an pagkapasar kan child labour laws, an incidence rates kan child labor buminaba.

, an mga pinakapobreng nasyon sa kinaban, haros saro sa limang aki an imbwelto sa child labor, an pinakahalangkaw na bilang iyo an mga nakaistar sa sub-saharan Africa, kun saen labi sa saro sa apat na aki an imbwelto. Pigrepresentar kaini an pag-oma kan child labor sa minasunod na kabangang dekada. Kaidtong 2017, apat na nasyon sa Aprika (Mali, Benin, Chad asin Guinea-Bissau) nakasaksi nin labi sa 50 porsyento nin aki edad 5–14 an nagtratrabaho. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour. An mahiwas na mayorya kan mga child labor manunumpungan sa rural na kamugtakan asin mga ekonomiyang impormal na urban; an mga aki predominanteng empleyado kan saindang mga magurang, imbes na sa mga pabrika. Kapobrehan asin kawàran nin mga eskwelahan an pigkokonsiderar na pangenot na kawsa nin child labor. Naunambitan kan UNICEF na an "boys and girls are equally likely to be involved in child labour", but in different roles, girls being substantially more likely to perform unpaid household labour.

Sa bilog na kinaban an insidente kan child labor nag-ina nin 25% sagkod 10% sa pag-ultanan kan 1960 asin 2003, susog sa World Bank. Minsan siring, an kabilogan kan bilang kan mga aking trabahador nagdadanay na halangkaw, na an UNICEF asin ILO pigmimidbid an tantyadong 168 milyon na aki sa edad na 5–17 sa bilog na kinaban an imbwelto sa child labor kaidtong 2013.

Toltolan