Imperyong Romano
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Roman Empire
| common_name            = Roman Empire
| native_name            = {{unbulleted list |item3_style=font-size:80%;padding-top:0.15em;line-height:1.15em
 | {{native phrase|la|[[SPQR|Senatus Populusque Romanus]]}}
 | {{native phrase|la|Imperium Romanum{{efn|name=fnother}}}}
 | {{native phrase|grc|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων|italics=off}}<br/>{{nobold|{{transliteration|grc|Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn}}}}
}}
| status                 = Empire
| life_span              = {{line-height|1.3em|{{nowrap|27 BC–AD 395 {{nobold|(unified)}}}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morley |first=Neville |title=The Roman Empire: Roots of Imperialism |date=2010 |publisher=Pluto Press |isbn=978-0-7453-2870-6}}; {{Cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed|edition= Revised  |date=2011 |isbn=978-1-101-50200-6 |page=13 |publisher=Penguin |author-link=Jared Diamond}}</ref><br/>{{nowrap|AD 395–476/480 {{nobold|([[Western Roman Empire|Western]])}}}}<br/>{{nowrap|AD 395–1453}} {{nobold|([[Byzantine Empire|Eastern]])}}}}
| p1                     = Roman Republic
| s1                     = Western Roman Empire
| s2                     = Byzantine Empire{{!}}Eastern Roman Empire
| image_flag             = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg
| flag_border            = no
| flag_size              = 100px
| flag_type              = ''[[Vexillum]]''<br/>with the imperial ''[[Aquila (Roman)|aquila]]''
| image_coat             = Better Imperial Aquila.png
| coa_size               = 100 px
| symbol_type            = Imperial [[Aquila (Roman)|''aquila'']]
| image_map              = Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png
| image_map_caption      = {{legend|#b23938|Roman Empire in AD 117 at its greatest extent, at the time of [[Trajan]]'s death}} {{legend|#d28989|[[Vassal state]]s{{Sfnp|Bennett|1997}}{{Efn|Fig. 1. Regions east of the [[Euphrates]] river were held only in the years 116–117.}}}}
| image_map2             = Animated map of the Roman territorial evolution from the rise of the city-state of Rome to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.gif
| map_caption2           = Roman territorial evolution from the rise of the city-state of Rome to the fall of the Western Roman Empire
| capital                = {{plainlist}}
* [[Rome]]<br/>(27 BC–AD 330){{Efn|In 286, Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into two administrative units–[[Eastern Roman Empire|East]] and [[Western Roman Empire|West]]–an arrangement that periodically returned until the two halves were permanently divided in 395.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrKTEAAAQBAJ |title=Ancient Rome: The Definitive Visual History |date=2023 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited |isbn=978-0-241-63575-9 |page=276 |language=en}}</ref> Although the halves were independent in practice, the Romans continued to consider the Roman Empire to be a single undivided state with two co-equal emperors until the fall of the western half in 476/480.<ref name=":1" /> Although emperors at times governed from other cities (notably [[Mediolanum]] and [[Ravenna]] in the West and [[Nicomedia]] in the East), Rome remained the ''[[de jure]]'' capital of the entire Roman Empire until Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] transferred the capital to Constantinople ("New Rome") in 330, henceforth the new capital of the entire empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Classen |first=Albrecht |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez_edSWAQGAC |title=Handbook of Medieval Studies: Terms – Methods – Trends |date=2010 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-021558-8 |language=en |chapter=The changing shape of Europe |quote=Constantine the Great transferred the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the newly-founded city of Constantinople}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Price |first1=Jonathan J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4lmEAAAQBAJ |title=Rome: An Empire of Many Nations |last2=Finkelberg |first2=Margalit |last3=Shahar |first3=Yuval |date=2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-25622-3 |page=19 |language=en |quote=the capital of the Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in the fourth century}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Erdkamp |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaM0AAAAQBAJ |title=The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89629-0 |page=202 |language=en |quote=Constantine sounded the death knell for Rome as a vital political centre with the dedication of his new imperial capital at Constantinople}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bjornlie |first=M. Shane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VI3ebybOl0oC |title=Politics and Tradition Between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople: A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554 |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-02840-1 |page=41 |language=en |quote=As a new capital, Constantinople provided a stage for imperial prestige that did not depend on association with the traditions of the senatorial establishment at Rome}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coffler |first=Gail H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_GoZpiIpAEC |title=Melville's Allusions to Religion: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary |date=2004 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-07270-3 |page=181 |language=en |quote=It became Constantinople, capital of the entire Roman Empire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Kathleen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0uoDQAAQBAJ |title=Between Constantinople and Rome: An Illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book (Paris gr. 54) and the Union of Churches |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-95584-3 |language=en |chapter=Art and Diplomacy in Late Thirteenth-century Constantinople: Paris 54 and the Union of Churches |quote=Constantine the Great, the emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople}}</ref> For a time, mostly over the course of the later decades of the fourth century, Rome continued to hold greater symbolic status on account of its greater antiquity as imperial capital.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Grig |first1=Lucy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHlpAgAAQBAJ |title=Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity |last2=Kelly |first2=Gavin |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-992118-8 |page=237 |language=en}}</ref> From at least 361 onwards, senators belonging to the [[Byzantine senate|new senate]] in Constantinople enjoyed the same status and privileges as senators of the [[Roman Senate]], to which the new senate was largely identical.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Loewenstein |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uMRBwAAQBAJ |title=The Governance of ROME |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-010-2400-6 |page=443 |language=en}}</ref> By 450, Constantinople was much grander in size and adornment than Rome and unquestionably senior in status.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Jonathan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTjUAwAAQBAJ |title=Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium |date=2009 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-3086-1 |page=31 |language=en}}</ref>}}
* [[Constantinople]]<br/>(330–1453)<!--De jure capital of the entire empire (not just the east), see the note above-->{{Efn|In 1204, the crusaders of the [[Fourth Crusade]] captured Constantinople and established the [[Latin Empire]]. The city remained under foreign rule until 1261, when it was captured by the [[Empire of Nicaea]] (a Byzantine/Roman successor state). Nicaea is usually considered the "legitimate" continuation of the Roman Empire during the "interregnum" 1204–1261 (over its rivals in [[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]] and [[Empire of Thessalonica|Thessalonica]]) since it managed to retake Constantinople.{{Sfnp|Treadgold|1997|page=734}} Whether there was an interregnum at all is debatable given that the crusaders envisioned the Latin Empire to be the same empire as its predecessor (and not a new state).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tricht |first=Filip Van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JlnPm2riK1UC&q=imperator+constantinopolitanus&pg=PA68 |title=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228) |date=2011 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004203235 |pages=61–82 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Endplainlist}}
| common_languages       = {{plainlist}}
* [[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]
* [[Languages of the Roman Empire|Regional languages]]
| religion               = {{plainlist}}
* [[Roman imperial cult|Imperial cult]]-driven [[Religion in ancient Rome|polytheism]]<br/>(until AD 380)
* [[Nicene Christianity]]<br/>([[State church of the Roman Empire|officially]] from AD 380)
{{Endplainlist}}
| government_type        = [[Elective monarchy|Semi-elective absolute monarchy]] (''de facto'')
|leader_title1         = '''[[Roman emperor#Titles|Emperor]]'''
|leader_name1       =([[List of Roman emperors|List]])
| era                    = [[Classical era]] to [[Late Middle Ages]]<br/>([[Timeline of Roman history|Timeline]])
| stat_year1             = 25 BC
| stat_area1             = 2750000
| stat_pop1              = 56,800,000
| stat_year2             = AD 117
| stat_area2             = 5000000
| stat_pop2              = 
| stat_year3             = AD 390
| stat_area3             = 3400000
| stat_pop3              = 
| currency               = [[Sestertius]],{{Efn|Abbreviated "HS". Prices and values are usually expressed in sesterces.}} [[aureus]], [[Solidus (coin)|solidus]], [[Solidus (coin)|nomisma]]
| demonym                = [[Roman people|Roman]]
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
| ref_area1              = <ref name="size">{{Cite journal |last=Taagepera |first=Rein |author-link=Rein Taagepera |date=1979 |title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D |journal=Social Science History |volume=3 |issue=3/4 |doi=10.2307/1170959 |page=125|jstor=1170959 }}</ref>
| ref_area2              = <ref name="size"/><ref name="East-West">{{Cite journal |last1=Turchin |first1=Peter |author-link=Peter Turchin |last2=Adams |first2=Jonathan M. |last3=Hall |first3=Thomas D. |date=2006 |title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires |url=http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf |journal=Journal of World-Systems Research |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=222 |access-date=2023-10-20 |archivedate=2016-05-17 |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517210851/http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf }}</ref>
| ref_area3              = <ref name="size"/>
| ref_pop1               = <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Durand |first=John D. |date=1977 |title=Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation |url=http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=psc_penn_papers |journal=Population and Development Review |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.2307/1971891 |pages=253–296|jstor=1971891 }}</ref>
}}
An '''Imperyong Romano'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolff |first=Robert Lee |author-link=Robert Lee Wolff |date=1948 |title=Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople |volume=23 |pages=1–34, especially 2–3 |journal=Speculum|issue=1 |doi=10.2307/2853672 |jstor=2853672 |s2cid=162802725 }}</ref> iyo an post-[[Roman Republic|Republican]] na estado kan [[suanoy na Roma]] asin iyo an pangkagabsan na nasasabotan tanganing mangahulogan na an peryodo asin teritoryo na pigpamayuhan kan [[Roman people|Romans]] suminunod sa asumpsyon ni [[Octavian]] kan solong pagpamayo sa irarom kan [[Prinsipato]] kaidtong 31 BC. Kabali diyan an teritoryo sa [[Europa]], [[Amihanan na Aprika]], asin [[Solnopan na Asya]], asin pigpamayuhan kan mga [[Romanong emperador|emperador]]. An [[pagbagsak kan Imperyong Solnopan na Romano]] kaidtong 476 conventionally minarkahan an katapusan kan [[classical antiquity]] asin an kapinonan kan [[Middle Ages]].

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
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An Imperyong Romano iyo an post-Republican na estado kan suanoy na Roma asin iyo an pangkagabsan na nasasabotan tanganing mangahulogan na an peryodo asin teritoryo na pigpamayuhan kan Romans suminunod sa asumpsyon ni Octavian kan solong pagpamayo sa irarom kan Prinsipato kaidtong 31 BC. Kabali diyan an teritoryo sa Europa, Amihanan na Aprika, asin Solnopan na Asya, asin pigpamayuhan kan mga emperador. An pagbagsak kan Imperyong Solnopan na Romano kaidtong 476 conventionally minarkahan an katapusan kan classical antiquity asin an kapinonan kan Middle Ages.

Toltolan