Archimedes
{{Infobox scientist|name=Archimedes kan Syracuse|native_name=Ἀρχιμήδης|native_name_lang=Griyego |image=Domenico-Fetti Archimedes 1620.jpg|alt=''Archimedes Thoughtful'' by [[Domenico Fetti]] (1620)|caption=''Archimedes Thoughtful''<br />ni [[Domenico Fetti]] (1620)|birth_date={{circa|287{{nbsp}}BC}}|birth_place=[[Syracuse, Sicily]], [[Magna Graecia]]|death_date={{circa|212{{nbsp}}BC|lk=no}} (aged approximately 75)|death_place=Syracuse, Sicily, Magna Graecia|field=[[Mathematics]]<br />[[Physics]]<br />[[Engineering]]<br />[[Astronomy]]<br />[[Mechanics]]|known_for=[[Archimedes' principle]]<br />[[Archimedes' screw]]<br />[[Statics]]<br />[[Fluid statics|Hydrostatics]]<br />[[Lever|Law of the lever]]<br />[[Archimedes' use of infinitesimals|Indivisibles]]<br />[[Neusis construction|Neuseis constructions]]<ref>{{cite journal| last= Knorr| first=Wilbur R. | title=Archimedes and the spirals: The heuristic background| journal=[[Historia Mathematica]] | year=1978| volume=5| issue=1|pages=43–75|quote="To be sure, Pappus does twice mention the theorem on the tangent to the spiral [IV, 36, 54]. But in both instances the issue is Archimedes' inappropriate use of a "solid neusis," that is, of a construction involving the sections of solids, in the solution of a plane problem. Yet Pappus' own resolution of the difficulty [IV, 54] is by his own classification a "solid" method, as it makes use of conic sections." (p. 48)| doi=10.1016/0315-0860(78)90134-9 | doi-access=free}}</ref>|influences=[[Eudoxus of Cnidus|Eudoxus]]<br />[[Euclid]]|influenced=[[Apollonius of Perga]]<br />[[Hero of Alexandria|Hero]]<br />[[Pappus of Alexandria|Pappus]]<br />[[Eutocius of Ascalon|Eutocius]]}}Si '''Archimedes kan Syracuse''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑːr|k|ᵻ|ˈ|m|iː|d|iː|z}};<ref name="Collins">{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/archimedes?showCookiePolicy=true|title=Archimedes|access-date=25 September 2014|publisher=Collins Dictionary|date=n.d.}}</ref> ; ; {{circa|287|212{{nbsp}}BC}}) sarong matematikong Griyego, pisikp, inhinyero, imbentor asin astronomiko.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archimedes (c. 287 – c. 212 BC)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/archimedes.shtml|work=BBC History|access-date=7 June 2012}}</ref> Dawa pa dikit lang ang aram sa detalye kan saiyang buhay, siya an saro sa mga nanginginot na siyentista. Kinokonsiderar na pinakamatibay na matematiko sa suanoy na kasaysayan asin saro sa pinakamatibay sa gabos na panahon.<ref name="Henshaw2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0ljBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|title=An Equation for Every Occasion: Fifty-Two Formulas and Why They Matter|author=John M. Henshaw|date=10 September 2014|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-1-4214-1492-8|page=68|quote=Archimedes is on most lists of the greatest mathematicians of all time and is considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A Contextual History of Mathematics|last=Calinger|first=Ronald|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1999|isbn=978-0-02-318285-3|page=150|quote=Shortly after Euclid, compiler of the definitive textbook, came Archimedes of Syracuse (ca. 287&nbsp;212 BC), the most original and profound mathematician of antiquity.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Archimedes.html|title=Archimedes of Syracuse|access-date=9 June 2008|publisher=The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive|date=January 1999}}</ref><ref name="Hassani2013">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWPgBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|title=Mathematical Methods: For Students of Physics and Related Fields|author=Sadri Hassani|date=11 November 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-387-21562-4|page=81|quote=Archimedes is arguably believed to be the greatest mathematician of antiquity.}}</ref><ref name="Jahnke">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CVRZEXFVsZkC&pg=PA21|title=A History of Analysis|author=Hans Niels Jahnke|publisher=American Mathematical Soc.|isbn=978-0-8218-9050-9|page=21|quote=Archimedes was the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all times}}</ref><ref name="Hawking2007">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eU_RzM7OoI4C&pg=PT12|title=God Created The Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs that Changed History|author=Stephen Hawking|date=29 March 2007|publisher=Running Press|isbn=978-0-7624-3272-1|page=12|quote=Archimedes, the greatest mathematician of antiquity, ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/archimedes-the-greatest-scientist-who-ever-lived_b_5390263|title=Archimedes: The Greatest Scientist Who Ever Lived|newspaper=HuffPost|date=27 July 2014|last1=Vallianatos|first1=Evaggelos}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/12-classic-mathematicians-2014-7#archimedes-c-287-212-bc-3|title=The 12 mathematicians who unlocked the modern world|newspaper=Business Insider|date=2 July 2014|first1=Andy|last1=Kiersz.}}</ref><ref>https://www.math.wichita.edu/history/Men/archimedes.html</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/whos-the-greatest-mathematician-of-them-all_b_5526648|title=Who's the Greatest Mathematician of Them All?|newspaper=HuffPost|date=6 December 2017|last1=Livio|first1=Mario}}</ref> 

Naantisipiran niya an pagkakaigwa kan modernong [[calculus]] asin [[Mathematical analysis|analysis]] sa paggamit nin konsepto na  [[Cavalieri's principle|infinitely small]] asin [[method of exhaustion]] hali sa pag-aram nin  [[Geometry|geometrical]] [[Theorem|theorems]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Powers|first=J|date=2020|title=Did Archimedes do calculus?|url=https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/images/upload_library/46/HOMSIGMAA/2020-Jeffery%20Powers.pdf|archive-format=|access-date=2021-04-14|website=www.maa.org|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731151913/https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/images/upload_library/46/HOMSIGMAA/2020-Jeffery%20Powers.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Jullien|series=Science Networks. Historical Studies|isbn=978-3-319-00131-9|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-00131-9_18|language=en|publisher=Springer International Publishing|place=Cham|volume=49|editor-first=Vincent|first=Vincent|editor-last=Jullien|pages=451–457|work=Seventeenth-Century Indivisibles Revisited|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00131-9_18|date=2015|title=Archimedes and Indivisibles|access-date=2021-04-14}}</ref> kabali na an: the [[area of a circle]];  [[surface area]] asin [[volume]] of a [[sphere]]; area of an [[ellipse]]; the area under a [[parabola]]; the volume of a segment of a [[paraboloid of revolution]]; the volume of a segment of a [[hyperboloid of revolution]]; and the area of a [[spiral]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A history of calculus|author1=O'Connor, J.J.|author2=Robertson, E.F.|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_rise_of_calculus.html|date=February 1996|access-date=7 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715191704/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_rise_of_calculus.html|archive-date=15 July 2007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">[[Thomas Heath (classicist)|Heath, Thomas L.]] 1897. ''Works of Archimedes''.</ref>

[[Ladawan:Cicero_Discovering_the_Tomb_of_Archimedes_by_Benjamin_West.jpeg|too|thumb|''Cicero Discovering the Tomb of Archimedes'' (1805) ni [[Benjamin West]]]]

*

== Mga toltolan ==
{{Reflist|35em|group=lower-alpha}}

=== Pagsambit ===
{{Reflist}}

== Magbasa pa lalo ==

* [[Carl Benjamin Boyer|Boyer, Carl Benjamin]]. 1991. ''[[iarchive:historyofmathema00boye|A History of Mathematics]]''. New York: Wiley. {{ISBN|978-0-471-54397-8}}.
* [[Marshall Clagett|Clagett, Marshall]]. 1964–1984. ''Archimedes in the Middle Ages'' 1–5. Madison, WI: [[University of Wisconsin Press]].
* [[Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis|Dijksterhuis, Eduard J.]] [1938] 1987. ''Archimedes'', translated. Princeton: [[Princeton University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-691-08421-3}}.
* [[Mary Gow|Gow, Mary]]. 2005. ''[[iarchive:archimedesmathem0000gowm|Archimedes: Mathematical Genius of the Ancient World]]''. [[Enslow Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7660-2502-8}}.
* Hasan, Heather. 2005. ''[[iarchive:archimedesfather00hasa|Archimedes: The Father of Mathematics]]''. Rosen Central. {{ISBN|978-1-4042-0774-5}}.
* [[Thomas Heath (classicist)|Heath, Thomas L.]] 1897. [[iarchive:worksofarchimede029517mbp|''Works of Archimedes'']]. [[Dover Publications]]. {{ISBN|978-0-486-42084-4}}. Complete works of Archimedes in English.
* [[Reviel Netz|Netz, Reviel]], and William Noel. 2007. ''The Archimedes Codex''. [[Orion Publishing Group]]. {{ISBN|978-0-297-64547-4}}.
* [[Clifford A. Pickover|Pickover, Clifford A.]] 2008. ''Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them''. [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-19-533611-5}}.
* Simms, Dennis L. 1995. ''Archimedes the Engineer''. [[Continuum International Publishing Group]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7201-2284-8}}.
* [[Sherman K. Stein|Stein, Sherman]]. 1999. ''[[iarchive:archimedeswhatdi00stei|Archimedes: What Did He Do Besides Cry Eureka?]]''. [[Mathematical Association of America]]. {{ISBN|978-0-88385-718-2}}.

== Panluwas na takod ==
* ''[https://www.wilbourhall.org/index.html#archimedes Heiberg's Edition of Archimedes].'' Texts in Classical Greek, with some in English.
* [[iarchive:geometricalsolu00smitgoog|''The Method of Mechanical Theorems'']], translated by L.G. Robinson
*[http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/ The Archimedes Palimpsest project at The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland]
* [http://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/bbc_archive/mirrors_sailors_sakas.jpg Photograph of the Sakkas experiment in 1973]
* [http://web.mit.edu/2.009/www/experiments/steamCannon/ArchimedesSteamCannon.html Testing the Archimedes steam cannon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329220142/http://web.mit.edu/2.009/www/experiments/steamCannon/ArchimedesSteamCannon.html |date=2010-03-29 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101018152403/http://www.stampsbook.org/subject/Archimedes.html Stamps of Archimedes]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/oct/26/archimedes-palimpsest-ahead-of-time Archimedes Palimpsest reveals insights centuries ahead of its time]
{{tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Mga matematiko]]
Si Archimedes kan Syracuse (; ; ; ) sarong matematikong Griyego, pisikp, inhinyero, imbentor asin astronomiko. Dawa pa dikit lang ang aram sa detalye kan saiyang buhay, siya an saro sa mga nanginginot na siyentista. Kinokonsiderar na pinakamatibay na matematiko sa suanoy na kasaysayan asin saro sa pinakamatibay sa gabos na panahon.https://www.math.wichita.edu/history/Men/archimedes.html 

Naantisipiran niya an pagkakaigwa kan modernong calculus asin analysis sa paggamit nin konsepto na  infinitely small asin method of exhaustion hali sa pag-aram nin  geometrical theorems, kabali na an: the area of a circle;  surface area asin volume of a sphere; area of an ellipse; the area under a parabola; the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution; the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution; and the area of a spiral.Heath, Thomas L. 1897. Works of Archimedes.

too|thumb|Cicero Discovering the Tomb of Archimedes (1805) ni Benjamin West

 Mga toltolan 

 Pagsambit 

 Magbasa pa lalo 

 Boyer, Carl Benjamin. 1991. A History of Mathematics. New York: Wiley. .
 Clagett, Marshall. 1964–1984. Archimedes in the Middle Ages 1–5. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
 Dijksterhuis, Eduard J. [1938] 1987. Archimedes, translated. Princeton: Princeton University Press. .
 Gow, Mary. 2005. Archimedes: Mathematical Genius of the Ancient World. Enslow Publishing. .
 Hasan, Heather. 2005. Archimedes: The Father of Mathematics. Rosen Central. .
 Heath, Thomas L. 1897. Works of Archimedes. Dover Publications. . Complete works of Archimedes in English.
 Netz, Reviel, and William Noel. 2007. The Archimedes Codex. Orion Publishing Group. .
 Pickover, Clifford A. 2008. Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them. Oxford University Press. .
 Simms, Dennis L. 1995. Archimedes the Engineer. Continuum International Publishing Group. .
 Stein, Sherman. 1999. Archimedes: What Did He Do Besides Cry Eureka?. Mathematical Association of America. .

 Panluwas na takod 
 Heiberg's Edition of Archimedes. Texts in Classical Greek, with some in English.
 The Method of Mechanical Theorems, translated by L.G. Robinson
The Archimedes Palimpsest project at The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland
 Photograph of the Sakkas experiment in 1973
 Testing the Archimedes steam cannon 
 Stamps of Archimedes
 Archimedes Palimpsest reveals insights centuries ahead of its time

Kategorya:Mga matematiko