Gera Sibil nin mga Amerikano
[[Ladawan:American Civil War Montage 2.jpg|right|thumb|280px|Retrato kan gera sibil]]
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = 
| partof            = 
| image             = CivilWarUSAColl.png
| image_size        = 300
| caption           = Clockwise from top: {{flatlist|
* [[Battle of Gettysburg]]
* [[Union Army|Union]] [[John C. Tidball|Captain John Tidball's]] [[Field artillery in the American Civil War|artillery]]
* [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] prisoners
* [[Casemate ironclad|ironclad]] {{USS|Atlanta|1861|6}}
* Ruins of [[Richmond, Virginia]]
* [[Battle of Franklin (1864)|Battle of Franklin]]
}}
| date              = April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865 <br /> ({{Age in years and days|12 April 1861|9 May 1865|sep=and}}){{Efn|[[CSS Shenandoah|Last shot fired]] June 22, 1865.}}<ref name="NYT JD Cap">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/05/10/archives/important-proclamations-the-belligerent-rights-of-the-rebels-at-an.html|title=The Belligerent Rights of the Rebels at an End. All Nations Warned Against Harboring Their Privateers. If They Do Their Ships Will be Excluded from Our Ports. Restoration of Law in the State of Virginia. The Machinery of Government to be Put in Motion There |website=The New York Times|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=May 10, 1865|access-date=December 23, 2013}}</ref><br />
| place             = [[United States]], [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| result            = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] victory{{bulleted list|Dissolution of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]]|U.S. [[territorial integrity]] preserved|[[Slavery in the United States|Slavery]] abolished|Beginning of the [[Reconstruction era]]|Passage and ratification of the [[Reconstruction Amendments|13th, 14th and 15th amendments]] to the [[Constitution of the United States]]}}
| combatant1        = {{flag|United States|1861}} ([[Union (American Civil War)|Union]])
| combatant2        = {{flagcountry|Confederate States of America|1861}} ([[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]])
| commander1        = {{flagicon|United States|1861}} [[Abraham Lincoln]]{{Assassinated|Assassination of Abraham Lincoln}}<br />{{flagicon|United States|1861}} [[Ulysses S. Grant]]<br />''[[Military leadership in the American Civil War#The Union|and others...]]''
| commander2        = {{flagicon|Confederate States of America|1861}} [[Jefferson Davis]]<br />{{flagicon|Confederate States of America|1861}} [[Robert E. Lee]]<br />''[[Military leadership in the American Civil War#The Confederacy|and others...]]''
| strength1         = 2,200,000<ref name="strength" group=lower-alpha>Total number that served</ref><br />698,000 (peak)<ref name="nps.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/facts.htm|title=Facts|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref><ref>[http://www.oocities.org/littlegreenmen.geo/UASize.htm "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War"]: Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army.</ref>
| strength2         = 750,000–1,000,000<ref name="strength" group=lower-alpha /><ref>Long, E. B. ''The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865.'' Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. {{OCLC|68283123}}. p. 705.</ref><br />360,000 (peak)<ref name="nps.gov"/><ref>[http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;q1=abstract;rgn=full%20text;idno=waro0128;didno=waro0128;view=image;seq=0542 "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 4 – Volume 2"], United States. War Dept 1900.</ref>
| casualties1       = {{plainlist|
*110,000+ [[killed in action|KIA]]/[[died of wounds|DOW]]
*230,000+ accident/disease deaths<ref name="civilwarhome.com">Fox, William F. [http://www.civilwarhome.com/foxspref.html Regimental losses in the American Civil War] (1889)</ref><ref name="Official DOD data">{{Cite web|url=https://dcas.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/pages/report_principal_wars.xhtml|title=DCAS Reports – Principal Wars, 1775 – 1991|website=dcas.dmdc.osd.mil|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022093125/https://dcas.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/pages/report_principal_wars.xhtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
*25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons<ref name="nps.gov"/><ref name="civilwarhome.com" />
'''365,000+ total dead{{sfn|Chambers|Anderson|1999|p=849}}'''
*282,000+ wounded<ref name="Official DOD data" />
*181,193 captured<ref name="nps.gov"/>{{Better source needed|date=October 2016}}{{Efn|211,411 Union soldiers were captured, and 30,218 died in prison. The ones who died have been excluded to prevent double-counting of casualties.}}}}
'''Total: 828,000+ casualties'''
| casualties2       = {{plainlist|
*94,000+ [[killed in action|KIA]]/[[died of wounds|DOW]]<ref name="civilwarhome.com" />
*26,000–31,000 died in Union prisons<ref name="Official DOD data" />
'''290,000+ total dead'''
*137,000+ wounded
*436,658 captured<ref name="nps.gov"/>{{Better source needed|date=October 2016}}{{Efn|462,634 Confederate soldiers were captured and 25,976 died in prison. The ones who died have been excluded to prevent double-counting of casualties.}}}}
'''Total: 864,000+ casualties'''
| casualties3       = {{plainlist|
*50,000 free civilians dead<ref name="StatsWarCost" />
*80,000+ slaves dead (disease)<ref>Professor James Downs. [https://blog.oup.com/2012/04/black-white-demographic-death-toll-civil-war/ "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War"]. University of Connecticut, April 13, 2012. "The rough 19th-century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating Black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of Black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." 60,000 documented plus 'tens of thousands' undocumented gives a minimum of 80,000 slave deaths.</ref>
*'''Total: 616,222<ref>Toward a Social History of the American Civil War Exploratory Essays, Cambridge University Press, 1990, page 4.</ref>–1,000,000+ dead'''<ref name="recounting" /><ref>Professor James Downs. "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13, 2012. "A 2 April 2012 New York Times article, 'New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll', reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties&nbsp;..."</ref>}}
}}
An '''Gera Sibil nin mga Amerikano''' (1861-1865), na inapod man An Gera sa Pag'oltan kan mga Estado, sarong gera sibil nangyari sa [[Estados Unidos kan Amerika]]. Kagsarong (11) Habagatan na Estadong Oripnon an nagdeklara kan saindang paglitik sa Estados Unidos asin nagbilog kan inaapod na [[Confederadong Estado nin Amerika]], bisto man sa pangaran na "the Confederacy". An namoon kaini iyo si [[Jefferson Davis]]. An Confederado naglaban patumang sa Estados Unidos ("an Kaburunyogan") na ini man inaandoyogan kan gabos na "talingkas na estado" asin kan limang estadong oripnon sa pagdolonan. 

Kan mag'eleksyon kan taon 1860, an [[Partido Republikano kan Estados Unidos|Partido Republikano]], pinamayohan ni [[Abraham Lincoln]], nagkampanya kontra sa paglakop kan kaoripnan sa luwas kan mga estadong dati nang praktis an pag'ooripon. An kapangganahan kan Republikano nagresulta sa pagsuway kan pitong Habagatan na estado na nagdeklara kan saindang paglitik sa Kaburunyogan maski dai pa ngane si Lincoln nasumpa komo presidente kan [[Marso 4]], [[1861]]. An pangyaring ini nin paglitik inapod asin pinaghiling kan si administrasyon na paluwas ni [[James Buchanan]] asin kan palaog na administrasyon ni Lincoln na bakong legal asin sarong hayag na pagtutumang.

Nagpoon an iriwal kan [[Abril 12]], [[1861]], kan an pwersa kan mga Confederado piglusob an instalasyon militar yaon sa Fort Sumter sa [[South Carolina]]. Si LIncoln an ginibo nagpaapod nin mga boluntaryong hokbo hale sa lambang estado, na an siring na aksyon niya nagresulta man sa apat pang Habagatgan na oripnon na estado na maglitik. An duwang grupo nagbilog nin saindang mga hokbo manta an Kabunyogan (Union) kinaptan sa kontrol an mga estado nasa pagdolonan asin nagbugtak nin bagat sa kadagatan. Kan Septyembre 1862, an [[Proklamasyon nin Paglungkas]] ni Lincoln nagin osol sa pagpondo kan kaoripnan sa Habagatan bilang obhetibo kan gera. Ini man nagpaluya sa boot kan mga Ingles na magsahong-sahong sa gera. 

An kumander na Confederado na si [[Robert E. Lee]] ginarana an mga batalya sa subangan, alagad kan [[1863]] si saiyang pagroso' pa'amnayan nasubak na dakul an nagkagaradan resulta kan si [[Batalya sa Gettysburg]]. Sa parteng solnopan, an Kaburunyogan nakontrol an Salog Mississippi kan saindang masikop an lugar kan [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]] na huli kaini nabaak an teritoryo kan Confederado sa duwa. Nagkaigwang bentahe an Kaburunyogan sa mga soldados asin materyal kan si [[Ulysses S. Grant]] daing ontok sa paglusob ki Lee manta an Heneral kan Kaburunyogan na si [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] natalikopan an [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia]] hanggan nakaabot sa kasagkoran kan dagat.An pakitusay kan Confederado napondo kan si Lee nagsuko na sayod ki Grant sa [[Appomattox Court House]] kan [[Abril 9]], [[1865]]
== Mga panluwas na takod ==

* [http://civilwarcauses.org/ Kun ano ta nagkaigwang gera sibil]
* [http://www.vlib.us/eras/civil_war.html Agi-agi kan Gera Sibil]

== Mga nota ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />

== Toltolan ==
<references />{{stub}}
An Gera Sibil nin mga Amerikano (1861-1865), na inapod man An Gera sa Pag'oltan kan mga Estado, sarong gera sibil nangyari sa Estados Unidos kan Amerika. Kagsarong (11) Habagatan na Estadong Oripnon an nagdeklara kan saindang paglitik sa Estados Unidos asin nagbilog kan inaapod na Confederadong Estado nin Amerika, bisto man sa pangaran na "the Confederacy". An namoon kaini iyo si Jefferson Davis. An Confederado naglaban patumang sa Estados Unidos ("an Kaburunyogan") na ini man inaandoyogan kan gabos na "talingkas na estado" asin kan limang estadong oripnon sa pagdolonan. 

Kan mag'eleksyon kan taon 1860, an Partido Republikano, pinamayohan ni Abraham Lincoln, nagkampanya kontra sa paglakop kan kaoripnan sa luwas kan mga estadong dati nang praktis an pag'ooripon. An kapangganahan kan Republikano nagresulta sa pagsuway kan pitong Habagatan na estado na nagdeklara kan saindang paglitik sa Kaburunyogan maski dai pa ngane si Lincoln nasumpa komo presidente kan Marso 4, 1861. An pangyaring ini nin paglitik inapod asin pinaghiling kan si administrasyon na paluwas ni James Buchanan asin kan palaog na administrasyon ni Lincoln na bakong legal asin sarong hayag na pagtutumang.

Nagpoon an iriwal kan Abril 12, 1861, kan an pwersa kan mga Confederado piglusob an instalasyon militar yaon sa Fort Sumter sa South Carolina. Si LIncoln an ginibo nagpaapod nin mga boluntaryong hokbo hale sa lambang estado, na an siring na aksyon niya nagresulta man sa apat pang Habagatgan na oripnon na estado na maglitik. An duwang grupo nagbilog nin saindang mga hokbo manta an Kabunyogan (Union) kinaptan sa kontrol an mga estado nasa pagdolonan asin nagbugtak nin bagat sa kadagatan. Kan Septyembre 1862, an Proklamasyon nin Paglungkas ni Lincoln nagin osol sa pagpondo kan kaoripnan sa Habagatan bilang obhetibo kan gera. Ini man nagpaluya sa boot kan mga Ingles na magsahong-sahong sa gera. 

An kumander na Confederado na si Robert E. Lee ginarana an mga batalya sa subangan, alagad kan 1863 si saiyang pagroso' pa'amnayan nasubak na dakul an nagkagaradan resulta kan si Batalya sa Gettysburg. Sa parteng solnopan, an Kaburunyogan nakontrol an Salog Mississippi kan saindang masikop an lugar kan Vicksburg, Mississippi na huli kaini nabaak an teritoryo kan Confederado sa duwa. Nagkaigwang bentahe an Kaburunyogan sa mga soldados asin materyal kan si Ulysses S. Grant daing ontok sa paglusob ki Lee manta an Heneral kan Kaburunyogan na si William Tecumseh Sherman natalikopan an Atlanta, Georgia hanggan nakaabot sa kasagkoran kan dagat.An pakitusay kan Confederado napondo kan si Lee nagsuko na sayod ki Grant sa Appomattox Court House kan Abril 9, 1865
 Mga panluwas na takod 

 Kun ano ta nagkaigwang gera sibil
 Agi-agi kan Gera Sibil

 Mga nota 

 Toltolan