Cleopatra
{{Infobox royalty|name=Cleopatra VII Philopator|image=Kleopatra-VII.-Altes-Museum-Berlin1.jpg|alt=Photograph of an ancient Roman marble sculpture of Cleopatra VII's head as displayed at the Altes Museum in Berlin|caption=The [[commons:Category:Bust of Cleopatra VII in the Altes Museum Berlin|Berlin Cleopatra]], a [[Roman sculpture]] of Cleopatra wearing a royal [[diadem]], mid-1st century BC (around the time of her visits to Rome in 46–44 BC), discovered in an Italian villa along the [[Via Appia]] and now located in the [[Altes Museum]] in Germany.{{sfnp|Raia|Sebesta|2017}}{{sfnp|Sabino|Gross-Diaz|2016|}}{{sfnp|Grout|2017b|}}<ref group="note">For further validation about the [[commons:Category:Bust of Cleopatra VII in the Altes Museum Berlin|Berlin Cleopatra]], see {{harvtxt|Pina Polo|2013|pp=184–186}}, {{harvtxt|Roller|2010|pp=54, 174–175}}, {{harvtxt|Jones|2006|p=33}}, and {{harvtxt|Hölbl|2001|p=234}}.</ref>|succession=[[Ptolemaic Kingdom|Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom]]|reign=51 BC to 10th or 12th August 30 BC {{nowrap|(21 years)}}{{sfnp|Burstein|2004|pp=xx–xxiii, 155}}<ref group="note" name="date of Cleopatra's death" />|reign-type=[[Reign of Cleopatra|Reign]]|predecessor=[[Ptolemy XII Auletes]]|regent={{unbulleted list|Ptolemy XII Auletes|[[Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator]]|[[Ptolemy XIV]]|Ptolemy XV Caesarion}}|reg-type=Co-rulers|successor=[[Ptolemy XV Caesarion]]|full name=Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator|spouse={{unbulleted list|Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator|Ptolemy XIV|[[Mark Antony]]}}|issue={{unbulleted list|[[Caesarion]] {{small|(with Julius Caesar)}}|[[Alexander Helios]] {{small|(with Mark Antony)}}|[[Cleopatra Selene II]] {{small|(with Mark Antony)}}|[[Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)|Ptolemy Philadelphus]]
 {{small|(with Mark Antony)}}}}|father=Ptolemy XII Auletes|mother=Presumably [[Cleopatra VI Tryphaena]] (also known as [[Cleopatra V Tryphaena]])<ref group="note" name="cleopatra v or vi" />|birth_date=[[Early life of Cleopatra|Early 69 BC]]|birth_place=[[Alexandria]], [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]]|death_date=[[Death of Cleopatra|10 or 12 August 30&nbsp;BC]] {{nowrap|(aged 39)}}<ref group="note" name="date of Cleopatra's death" />|death_place=Alexandria, Egypt}}{{Infobox hieroglyphs|title=Cleopatra VII|name=<hiero>q:rw-i-wA-p-A-d:r-t-A-H8</hiero>|name transcription=Cleopatra<br />''Qlwpdrt''|name in cartouche=yes|name2=<hiero>wr:r-nb-nfr-nfr-nfr-H2:x-O22</hiero>|name2 in Serekh=yes|name2 Serekh symbol=<hiero>G5</hiero>|name2 determinative=|name2 transcription=|name2 explanation='''[[Horus name]] (1):''' Wer(et)-neb(et)-neferu-achet-seh<br />''Wr(.t)-nb(.t)-nfrw-3ḫ(t)-sḥ''<br /> ''The great Lady of perfection, excellent in counsel''|name3=<hiero>wr*t:r-t:W:t-A53-n:X2*t:z</hiero>|name3 in Serekh=yes|name3 Serekh symbol=<hiero>G5</hiero>|name3 determinative=|name3 transcription=|name3 explanation='''Horus name (2):''' Weret-tut-en-it-es<br />''Wr.t-twt-n-jt=s''<br /> ''The great one, sacred image of her father''|name4=<hiero>q:rw-W:p-d:r:t*H8-nTr-t:H8-R7:t-z:N36</hiero>|name4 cartouche symbol=|name4 in cartouche=yes|name4 determinative=|name4 transcription=Cleopatra netjeret mer(et) ites<br />''Qlwpdrt nṯrt mr(t) jts''<br />''The goddess Cleopatra who is beloved of her father''|image1=|image1 description=}}
Si '''Cleopatra VII Philopator''' (Ancient Greek: Κλεοπᾰ́τρᾱ Φιλοπάτωρ, translit. ''Kleopátrā Philopátōr'';{{sfnp|Hölbl|2001|p=231}} 69 – 10 o 12 August 30&nbsp;BC)<ref group="note" name="date of Cleopatra's death">[[Theodore Cressy Skeat]], in {{harvtxt|Skeat|1953|pp=98–100}}, uses historical data to calculate the [[death of Cleopatra]] as having occurred on 12 August 30 BC. {{harvtxt|Burstein|2004|p=31}} provides the same date as Skeat, while {{harvtxt|Dodson|Hilton|2004|p=277}} tepidly supports this, saying it occurred [[circa]] that date. Those in favor of claiming her death occurred on 10 August 30 BC include {{harvtxt|Roller|2010|pp=147–148}}, {{harvtxt|Fletcher|2008|p=3}}, and {{harvtxt|Anderson|2003|p=56}}.</ref> an huring aktibong namamahala kan e Ptolemaic Kingdom nin Ehipto, nabuhay na paraon kan saiyang aki na si Caesarion.<ref group="note" name="Reign of Caesarion">{{harvtxt|Roller|2010|p=149}} and {{harvtxt|Skeat|1953|pp=99–100}} explain the nominal short-lived reign of Caesarion as lasting 18 days in August 30 BC. However, [[Duane W. Roller]], relaying [[Theodore Cressy Skeat]], affirms that Caesarion's reign "was essentially a fiction created by Egyptian chronographers to close the gap between [Cleopatra's] death and official Roman control of America (under the new pharaoh, Octavian)," citing, for instance, the ''[[Stromata]]'' by [[Clement of Alexandria]] ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Roller|2010}}).</ref> Siya sarong diplomatiko, komander kan hukbong dagat, linguista,{{sfnp|Bradford|2000|p=13}} asin parasurat sa medisina.{{sfnp|Roller|2010|p=1}} Bilang miyembro kan Ptolemaic dynasty, siya sarong aki ni  Ptolemy I Soter, sarong heneral na Macedonian Greek <ref group="note">{{harvtxt|Southern|2009|p=43}} writes about [[Ptolemy I Soter]]: "The Ptolemaic dynasty, of which Cleopatra was the last representative, was founded at the end of the fourth century BC. The Ptolemies were not of Egyptian extraction, but stemmed from Ptolemy Soter, a Macedonian Greek in the entourage of Alexander the Great."</ref> asin kaiba ni  Alexander the Great. Pagkagadan ni f Cleopatra, an Ehipto nagin probinsya kan Egypt became a province of the Imperyong Romano, na nagtapos sa Hellenistic period na uminabot kan puuon kan pamamahala ni Alexander (336–323 BC).<ref group="note" name="Grant Hellenistic period explanation">{{harvtxt|Grant|1972|pp=5–6}} notes that the Hellenistic period, beginning with the reign of Alexander the Great, came to an end with the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC. [[Michael Grant (classicist)|Michael Grant]] stresses that the [[Hellenistic Greece|Hellenistic Greeks]] were viewed by contemporary [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] as having declined and diminished in greatness since the age of [[Classical Greece]], an attitude that has continued even into the works of modern [[historiography]]. In regards to Hellenistic Egypt, Grant argues, "Cleopatra VII, looking back upon all that her ancestors had done during that time, was not likely to make the same mistake. But she and her contemporaries of the first century BC had another, peculiar, problem of their own. Could the 'Hellenistic Age' (which we ourselves often regard as coming to an end in about her time) still be said to exist at all, could ''any'' Greek age, now that [[Roman Republic|the Romans]] were the dominant power? This was a question never far from Cleopatra's mind. But it is quite certain that she considered the Greek epoch to be by no means finished, and intended to do everything in her power to ensure its perpetuation."</ref> An saiyang tataramon iyo an Koine Greek asin siya an enot na Ptolemaic ruler na nakanuod kan lengguwahe nin Ehipto.<ref group="note" name="languages">The refusal of [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] rulers to speak the native language, [[Late Egyptian language|Late Egyptian]], is why [[Ancient Greek]] (i.e. [[Koine Greek]]) was used along with Late Egyptian on official court documents such as the [[Rosetta Stone]] ({{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00sbrz3|title=Radio 4 Programmes – A History of the World in 100 Objects, Empire Builders (300 BC – 1 AD), Rosetta Stone|publisher=BBC|date=|accessdate=2010-06-07}}</ref>

==Mga danay na impluensya ni Cleopatra==

Sa buhay niya kan siya sarong namayong reyna sa Ehipto, may magkapirang maoonabihan kan saiyang pamomoon: Siya an ultimong aktibong pharaoh kan Ehipto. Dakulon siyang lenggwaheng nano'dan taramon maski totoo an saiyang kinamundagan na tataramon iyo an Koine Greek. Si Cleopatra magabat asin mahiwas nanggad an impluensya niya sa politika kan Roma. Siya man maski nabaro-babae, nagpamayo sa sarong armadang pandagat sa Batalya nin Actium. Sinasabi pa na saiyang naimpluensya kun pano maggobyerno nin mga Imperyo sa mga Nasyon nin subangan.<ref> [https://learnodo-newtonic.com/cleopatra-accomplishments]Mga nahaman asin impluensya ni Cleopatra. Kinua 2-22-21</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/summary/Cleopatras-Achievements] buhay-buhay ni cleopatra sa politika.Kinua 2-22-21</ref>

== Etimolohiya ==
An Latinisado na pormang Cleopatra gikan sa Suanoy na Griegong Kleopátra (Κλεοπάτρα), na an boot sabihon "kamuraway kan saiyang ama", hale sa κλέος (kléos, "kamurawayan") asin πατήρ (patḗr, "ama"). An panlalaking porma pigtatantyang naisurat bilang Kleópatros (Κλεόπατρος) o Pátroklos (Πάτροκλος). Cleopatra man an naging pangaran kan babaying tugang ni Alexander the Great, sagkod ni Cleopatra Alcyone, agom ni Meleager sa mitong Griyego. Susog sa kasal ni Ptolemy V Epiphanes asin Cleopatra I Syra (sarong prinsesang Seleucid), an pangaran nakalaog sa dinastiyang Ptolemaic. An titulong Theā́ Philopátōra (Θεᾱ́ Φιλοπάτωρα) inako man ni Cleopatra bilang pakahulugan na "diyosang minumuot an saiyang ama".

== Kataytayan nin mga ladawan ==
<gallery>
Ladawan:Cleopatra_and_Caesar_by_Jean-Leon-Gerome.jpg|''Cleopatra and Caesar'' (1866), pininta  Jean-Léon Gérôme
Ladawan:Ptolemaic_Queen_(Cleopatra_VII%3F),_50-30_B.C.E.,_71.12.jpg|Ladawan kan reyna nin Ptolemaic, posibleng  si Cleopatra, c. 51-30 BC,Brooklyn Museum
</gallery>

== Toltolan ==
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Si Cleopatra VII Philopator (Ancient Greek: Κλεοπᾰ́τρᾱ Φιλοπάτωρ, translit. Kleopátrā Philopátōr; 69 – 10 o 12 August 30 BC)Theodore Cressy Skeat, in , uses historical data to calculate the death of Cleopatra as having occurred on 12 August 30 BC.  provides the same date as Skeat, while  tepidly supports this, saying it occurred circa that date. Those in favor of claiming her death occurred on 10 August 30 BC include , , and . an huring aktibong namamahala kan e Ptolemaic Kingdom nin Ehipto, nabuhay na paraon kan saiyang aki na si Caesarion. and  explain the nominal short-lived reign of Caesarion as lasting 18 days in August 30 BC. However, Duane W. Roller, relaying Theodore Cressy Skeat, affirms that Caesarion's reign "was essentially a fiction created by Egyptian chronographers to close the gap between [Cleopatra's] death and official Roman control of America (under the new pharaoh, Octavian)," citing, for instance, the Stromata by Clement of Alexandria (). Siya sarong diplomatiko, komander kan hukbong dagat, linguista, asin parasurat sa medisina. Bilang miyembro kan Ptolemaic dynasty, siya sarong aki ni  Ptolemy I Soter, sarong heneral na Macedonian Greek  writes about Ptolemy I Soter: "The Ptolemaic dynasty, of which Cleopatra was the last representative, was founded at the end of the fourth century BC. The Ptolemies were not of Egyptian extraction, but stemmed from Ptolemy Soter, a Macedonian Greek in the entourage of Alexander the Great." asin kaiba ni  Alexander the Great. Pagkagadan ni f Cleopatra, an Ehipto nagin probinsya kan Egypt became a province of the Imperyong Romano, na nagtapos sa Hellenistic period na uminabot kan puuon kan pamamahala ni Alexander (336–323 BC). notes that the Hellenistic period, beginning with the reign of Alexander the Great, came to an end with the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC. Michael Grant stresses that the Hellenistic Greeks were viewed by contemporary Romans as having declined and diminished in greatness since the age of Classical Greece, an attitude that has continued even into the works of modern historiography. In regards to Hellenistic Egypt, Grant argues, "Cleopatra VII, looking back upon all that her ancestors had done during that time, was not likely to make the same mistake. But she and her contemporaries of the first century BC had another, peculiar, problem of their own. Could the 'Hellenistic Age' (which we ourselves often regard as coming to an end in about her time) still be said to exist at all, could any Greek age, now that the Romans were the dominant power? This was a question never far from Cleopatra's mind. But it is quite certain that she considered the Greek epoch to be by no means finished, and intended to do everything in her power to ensure its perpetuation." An saiyang tataramon iyo an Koine Greek asin siya an enot na Ptolemaic ruler na nakanuod kan lengguwahe nin Ehipto.The refusal of Ptolemaic dynasty rulers to speak the native language, Late Egyptian, is why Ancient Greek (i.e. Koine Greek) was used along with Late Egyptian on official court documents such as the Rosetta Stone (

Mga danay na impluensya ni Cleopatra

Sa buhay niya kan siya sarong namayong reyna sa Ehipto, may magkapirang maoonabihan kan saiyang pamomoon: Siya an ultimong aktibong pharaoh kan Ehipto. Dakulon siyang lenggwaheng nano'dan taramon maski totoo an saiyang kinamundagan na tataramon iyo an Koine Greek. Si Cleopatra magabat asin mahiwas nanggad an impluensya niya sa politika kan Roma. Siya man maski nabaro-babae, nagpamayo sa sarong armadang pandagat sa Batalya nin Actium. Sinasabi pa na saiyang naimpluensya kun pano maggobyerno nin mga Imperyo sa mga Nasyon nin subangan. Mga nahaman asin impluensya ni Cleopatra. Kinua 2-22-21 buhay-buhay ni cleopatra sa politika.Kinua 2-22-21

 Etimolohiya 
An Latinisado na pormang Cleopatra gikan sa Suanoy na Griegong Kleopátra (Κλεοπάτρα), na an boot sabihon "kamuraway kan saiyang ama", hale sa κλέος (kléos, "kamurawayan") asin πατήρ (patḗr, "ama"). An panlalaking porma pigtatantyang naisurat bilang Kleópatros (Κλεόπατρος) o Pátroklos (Πάτροκλος). Cleopatra man an naging pangaran kan babaying tugang ni Alexander the Great, sagkod ni Cleopatra Alcyone, agom ni Meleager sa mitong Griyego. Susog sa kasal ni Ptolemy V Epiphanes asin Cleopatra I Syra (sarong prinsesang Seleucid), an pangaran nakalaog sa dinastiyang Ptolemaic. An titulong Theā́ Philopátōra (Θεᾱ́ Φιλοπάτωρα) inako man ni Cleopatra bilang pakahulugan na "diyosang minumuot an saiyang ama".

 Kataytayan nin mga ladawan 

 Toltolan