Potosintesis
[[Ladawan:Photosynthesis_en.svg|thumb|251x251px|Iskematiko kan potosintesis sa mga tinanom. An namomoknang karbohidrato iyo pigtatao o piggagamit kan tinanom.]]
[[Ladawan:Photosynthesis_equation.svg|thumb|400x400px|Kabilugang ekwasyon para sa klase nin potosintesis na nangyayari sa mga tinanom]]

An '''potosintesis''' ([[Ingles]]: ''photosynthesis'') iyo an proseso na ginagamit kan [[tinanom]] asin iba pang organismo para maliwat an [[enerhiya]] kan [[liwanag]] pasiring sa [[enerhiyang kimikal]], na sa paagi nin [[selula|selular]] na respirasyon, pwedeng mailuwas dagos para magamit sa metabolikong aktibidad kan organismo.  An enerhiyang kimikal na ini iyo natatago sa mga molekula kan [[karbohidrato]], arug kan asukar, na iyo nasintesa gikan sa [[karbon dioksido]] asin [[tubig]]  – kaya pigpangaranang ''photosynthesis'', gikan sa Griyegong ''phōs'' ({{lang|grc|[[wikt:φῶς|φῶς]]}}), "liwanag", asin ''sunthesis'' ({{lang|grc|[[wikt:σύνθεσις|σύνθεσις]]}}), "sabay na pagkaag".<ref name="OnlineEtDict">{{cite web|title=photosynthesis|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=photosynthesis&allowed_in_frame=0|work=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=2013-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307020959/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=photosynthesis&allowed_in_frame=0|archive-date=2013-03-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="LSJ1">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=fw=s2 φῶς]. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; ''A Greek–English Lexicon'' at the Perseus Project</ref><ref name="LSJ2">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=su/nqesis σύνθεσις]. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; ''A Greek–English Lexicon'' at the Perseus Project</ref> 

Harus pigluluwas an [[oksiheno]] bilang ati na produkto. Kadaklan nin mga tinanom, algae, asin cyanobakterya iyo minaakto nin potosintesis asin an mga organismong nasambit iyo inaapod na potoawtotropo. An potosintesis iyo may dakulang responsable sa pagmokna asin pagmantinar kan oksihenong kontento sa atmospera kan [[Kinaban]], sagkod iyo nagsusuplay kan kadaklan nin mga kinakaipong enerhiya para sa mga buhay sa Kinaban.<ref name="bryantfrigaard">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bryant DA, Frigaard NU|title=Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated|journal=Trends in Microbiology|volume=14|issue=11|pages=488–496|date=Nov 2006|pmid=16997562|doi=10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001}}</ref>

An pinakaenot na potosintetikong organismo iyo pwedeng nag-ebolbar nin amay sa ebolusyonaryong uusipon kan buhay, sagkod iyo harus pwedeng naggamit nin mga ahente kan reduksyon arug kan [[hidroheno]] o hidrohenong sulpido, imbes na tubig, bilang gunuan nin mga elektron.<ref name="pmid16453059">{{cite journal|vauthors=Olson JM|title=Photosynthesis in the Archean era|journal=Photosynthesis Research|volume=88|issue=2|pages=109–117|date=May 2006|pmid=16453059|doi=10.1007/s11120-006-9040-5|s2cid=20364747}}</ref> Dagos nagluwas an mga cyanobakterya; an sobrang oksiheno na saindang namokna iyo direktang nag-ambag sa oksihenasyon kan Kinaban,<ref name="pmid18468984">{{cite journal|vauthors=Buick R|title=When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve?|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B|volume=363|issue=1504|pages=2731–2743|date=Aug 2008|pmid=18468984|pmc=2606769|doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0041}}</ref> kaya nagin posible an ebolusyon kan komplikadong buhay. Sa ngunyan, an normal na rikas kan pankinabang enerhiyang naguguno nin potosintesis iyo harus 130&nbsp;terawatts,<ref name="pmid10670014">{{cite journal|vauthors=Nealson KH, Conrad PG|title=Life: past, present and future|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B|volume=354|issue=1392|pages=1923–1939|date=Dec 1999|pmid=10670014|pmc=1692713|doi=10.1098/rstb.1999.0532}}</ref><ref name="Whitmarsh_Govindjee_1999">{{cite book|title=Concepts in photobiology: photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis|vauthors=Whitmarsh J, Govindjee|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7923-5519-9|veditors=Singhal GS, Renger G, Sopory SK, Irrgang KD, Govindjee|location=Boston|pages=11–51|chapter=The photosynthetic process|quote={{val|100|e=15}} grams of carbon/year fixed by photosynthetic organisms, which is equivalent to {{val|4|e=18|u=kJ|up=yr}} = {{val|4|e=21|u=J|up=yr}} of free energy stored as reduced carbon.|chapter-url=http://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/paper/gov.html#80}}</ref><ref name="Steger_2005">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duVJsAqXlkEC&q=photosynthesis%20terawatt&pg=PA32|title=Sustainable development and innovation in the energy sector|vauthors=Steger U, Achterberg W, Blok K, Bode H, Frenz W, Gather C, Hanekamp G, Imboden D, Jahnke M, Kost M, Kurz R, Nutzinger HG, Ziesemer T|publisher=Springer|year=2005|isbn=978-3-540-23103-5|location=Berlin|page=32|quote=The average global rate of photosynthesis is 130 TW.|access-date=2016-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902191543/https://books.google.com/books?id=duVJsAqXlkEC&lpg=PA32&dq=photosynthesis%20terawatt&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q=photosynthesis%20terawatt&f=false|archive-date=2016-09-02|url-status=live}}</ref> na iyo harus walong beses kadakula kan presenteng pagkonsumo nin kuryente kan katawohan.<ref name="EIA">{{cite web|publisher=Energy Information Administration|url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table18.xls|title=World Consumption of Primary Energy by Energy Type and Selected Country Groups, 1980–2004|format=XLS|date=July 31, 2006|access-date=2007-01-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109125803/http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table18.xls|archive-date=November 9, 2006}}</ref> An mga potosintetikong organismo iyo nagliliwat man nin harus 100–115 na bilyong tonelada (91–104 petagramo) nin karbon sa biyomas kada taon.<ref name="pmid9657713">{{cite journal|vauthors=Field CB, Behrenfeld MJ, Randerson JT, Falkowski P|title=Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components|journal=Science|volume=281|issue=5374|pages=237–240|date=Jul 1998|pmid=9657713|doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237|bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|access-date=2018-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215921/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q|archive-date=2018-09-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ps">{{cite book|title=McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2007|isbn=978-0-07-144143-8|volume=13|location=New York|chapter=Photosynthesis}}</ref> An penomena na an mga tinanom iyo nakakakua nin enerhiya sa liwanag – dugang sa ere, daga, asin tubig – iyo enot na nadiskobre kan 1779 ni [[Jan Ingenhousz]].

== Panluwas na takod ==
* [http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee/linksPSed.htm A collection of photosynthesis pages for all levels from a renowned expert (Govindjee)]
* [http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee/paper/gov.html In depth, advanced treatment of photosynthesis, also from Govindjee]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090428090455/http://scienceaid.co.uk/biology/biochemistry/photosynthesis.html Science Aid: Photosynthesis] Article appropriate for high school science
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050316052050/http://www.biochemweb.org/metabolism.shtml Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis – The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060420081033/http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/cfb/Photosynthesis.htm Overall examination of Photosynthesis at an intermediate level]
* [http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee/photosynBook.html Overall Energetics of Photosynthesis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100126064437/http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp08/0802001.html The source of oxygen produced by photosynthesis] Interactive animation, a textbook tutorial
* {{cite web |vauthors=Marshall J |title=First practical artificial leaf makes debut |url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/artificial-leaf-technology-solar-110329.html |date=2011-03-29 |publisher=Discovery News |access-date=2021-04-19 |archive-date=2012-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322025811/http://news.discovery.com/earth/artificial-leaf-technology-solar-110329.html |dead-url=yes }}
* [http://www.biology-innovation.co.uk/pages/plant-biology-ecology/photosynthesis/ Photosynthesis – Light Dependent & Light Independent Stages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910160803/http://www.biology-innovation.co.uk/pages/plant-biology-ecology/photosynthesis/ |date=2011-09-10 }}
* [http://www.khanacademy.org/video/photosynthesis?playlist=Biology Khan Academy, video introduction]
* {{cite web | vauthors =Ehrenberg R | title =The photosynthesis fix |url=https://www.knowablemagazine.org/article/sustainability/2017/photosynthesis-fix |date=2017-12-15 |publisher=Knowable Magazine}}

== Toltolan ==
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[[Kategorya:Biyolohiya]]
thumb|400x400px|Kabilugang ekwasyon para sa klase nin potosintesis na nangyayari sa mga tinanom

An potosintesis (Ingles: photosynthesis) iyo an proseso na ginagamit kan tinanom asin iba pang organismo para maliwat an enerhiya kan liwanag pasiring sa enerhiyang kimikal, na sa paagi nin selular na respirasyon, pwedeng mailuwas dagos para magamit sa metabolikong aktibidad kan organismo.  An enerhiyang kimikal na ini iyo natatago sa mga molekula kan karbohidrato, arug kan asukar, na iyo nasintesa gikan sa karbon dioksido asin tubig  – kaya pigpangaranang photosynthesis, gikan sa Griyegong phōs (), "liwanag", asin sunthesis (), "sabay na pagkaag".φῶς. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Projectσύνθεσις. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project 

Harus pigluluwas an oksiheno bilang ati na produkto. Kadaklan nin mga tinanom, algae, asin cyanobakterya iyo minaakto nin potosintesis asin an mga organismong nasambit iyo inaapod na potoawtotropo. An potosintesis iyo may dakulang responsable sa pagmokna asin pagmantinar kan oksihenong kontento sa atmospera kan Kinaban, sagkod iyo nagsusuplay kan kadaklan nin mga kinakaipong enerhiya para sa mga buhay sa Kinaban.

An pinakaenot na potosintetikong organismo iyo pwedeng nag-ebolbar nin amay sa ebolusyonaryong uusipon kan buhay, sagkod iyo harus pwedeng naggamit nin mga ahente kan reduksyon arug kan hidroheno o hidrohenong sulpido, imbes na tubig, bilang gunuan nin mga elektron. Dagos nagluwas an mga cyanobakterya; an sobrang oksiheno na saindang namokna iyo direktang nag-ambag sa oksihenasyon kan Kinaban, kaya nagin posible an ebolusyon kan komplikadong buhay. Sa ngunyan, an normal na rikas kan pankinabang enerhiyang naguguno nin potosintesis iyo harus 130 terawatts, na iyo harus walong beses kadakula kan presenteng pagkonsumo nin kuryente kan katawohan. An mga potosintetikong organismo iyo nagliliwat man nin harus 100–115 na bilyong tonelada (91–104 petagramo) nin karbon sa biyomas kada taon. An penomena na an mga tinanom iyo nakakakua nin enerhiya sa liwanag – dugang sa ere, daga, asin tubig – iyo enot na nadiskobre kan 1779 ni Jan Ingenhousz.

 Panluwas na takod 
 A collection of photosynthesis pages for all levels from a renowned expert (Govindjee)
 In depth, advanced treatment of photosynthesis, also from Govindjee
 Science Aid: Photosynthesis Article appropriate for high school science
 Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis – The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
 Overall examination of Photosynthesis at an intermediate level
 Overall Energetics of Photosynthesis
 The source of oxygen produced by photosynthesis Interactive animation, a textbook tutorial
 
 Photosynthesis – Light Dependent & Light Independent Stages 
 Khan Academy, video introduction
 

 Toltolan 

Kategorya:Biyolohiya