Eudicots
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Eudicots
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|125|0|[[Early Cretaceous]] - recent}}
| image = Primulas aka.jpg
| image_caption = An ''[[Primula hortensis]]'' sarong eudicot
| subdivision_ranks = Clades ([[APG IV system|APG IV]])
| subdivision = 
*Basal eudicots:
**[[Buxales]]
**[[Proteales]]
**[[Ranunculales]]
**[[Trochodendrales]]
*Core eudicots:
**Clades
***[[Superasterids]]
***[[Superrosids]]
**Orders
***[[Berberidopsidales]]
***[[Caryophyllales]]
***[[Dilleniales]]
***[[Gunnerales]]
***[[Santalales]]
***[[Saxifragales]]
}}
[[File:Arabis voch1-4.jpg|thumb|right|An pollen kan ''[[Arabis]]'' pollen igwa nin tolong colpi.]]
An '''eudicots''', '''Eudicotidae''' o '''eudicotyledons''' ang [[clade]] kan mga tanom na [[nagbuburak]] dating inaapod na '''tricolpates''' o '''non-[[magnoliid]] dicots''' ka ibang mga parasurat. An botanikal na termino ipinabisto kan 1991 kan ebolusyonaryong botanista na si [[James A. Doyle]] asin paleobotanist Carol L. Hotton para tawan doon an huring ebolusyonaryong pagkakaiba kan tricolpate [[dicotyledon|dicots]] sa mga enot, dai pa espesyalisadong mga dicots.<ref name="Endress_2002">{{cite journal|last=Endress|first=Peter K.|title=Morphology and Angiosperm Systematics in the Molecular Era|journal=Botanical Review|year= 2002|volume=68|issue=4|series=Structural Botany in Systematics: A Symposium in Memory of William C. Dickison|pages=545–570|jstor=4354438 |doi=10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0545:maasit]2.0.co;2|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/313995/files/12229_2008_Article_684545.pdf}}</ref> An haraning relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains enot na nahiling sa morphological studies kan [[Synapomorphy|ibang karakter]]. An mga tanom na ini igwang distinktibong katangian sa saindang pollen grains, nagpapahiling nin tolong colpi o grooves paralleling sa polar axis<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Coiro|first=Mario|last2=Doyle|first2=James A.|last3=Hilton|first3=Jason|date=2019-01-25|title=How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?|journal=New Phytologist|language=en|doi=10.1111/nph.15708|pmid=30681148}}</ref>. 

Dai naghaloy, an mga [[molecular]] na ebidensiya kinonpirma an genetic basis para sa mga ebolusyonaryong relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa  tricolpate pollen grains asin dicotyledonous traits. An termino nangangahulugan na "true dicotyledons", ta ini igwa nin mayoridad kan tanom na kinonsiderar na dicots asin igwang [[Phenotypic trait|katangian]] kan mga dicots. An terminong "eudicots"  sunod nang ginamit sa [[botany]] para magtukoy kan saro sa duwang pinakadulang clades kan [[angiosperm]] (nagbubuo kan halos 70% kan mga angiosperm species), [[monocots]] ang saro pa. An mga natatadang angiosperms kaayon an [[magnoliids]] o ang minsan na inaapod na [[basal angiosperms]] o paleodicots, pero ining mga termino na ini dai pa ginagamit, ta mayo ini nin [[monophyletic]] na grupo.

==Subdibisyon==
An eudicots pwedeng bangaon sa duwang grupo: an mga basal eudicots asin an mga core eudicots.<ref name="worberg2007">{{cite journal |last=Worberg |first=A |last2=Quandt |first2=D |last3=Barniske |first3=A-M |last4=Löhne |first4=C |last5=Hilu |first5=KW |last6=Borsch |first6=T |year=2007 |title=Phylogeny of basal eudicots: insights from non-coding and rapidly evolving DNA |journal=Organisms, Diversity and Evolution |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=55–77 |doi=10.1016/j.ode.2006.08.001}}</ref> Basal eudicot is an informal name for a [[paraphyletic]] group. The core eudicots are a monophyletic group.<ref name="soltis2005">{{cite book |authorlink=Douglas E. Soltis |first=Douglas E. |last=Soltis |author2link=Pamela S. Soltis |first2=Pamela S. |last2=Soltis |first3=Peter K. |last3=Endress |author4link=Mark Wayne Chase |first4=Mark W. |last4=Chase |title=Phylogeny and Evolution of Angiosperms |publisher=Sinauer Associates |location=Sunderland, MA |year=2005 |isbn=9780878938179 }}
</ref> A 2010 study suggested the core eudicots can be divided into two clades, [[Gunnerales]] and a clade called '''Pentapetalae''', comprising all the remaining core eudicots.<ref name=MoorSoltBellBurl10/>

An Pentapetalae pwedeng pagsuruwayon sa tolong clades:
* [[Dilleniales]]
* superrosids binubo kan [[Saxifragales]] asin [[rosids]] (the [[APG IV system]] includes the Vitales in the rosids)
* superasterids binubuo kan [[Santalales]], [[Berberidopsidales]], [[Caryophyllales]] asin [[asterids]]

An dibisyon kan eudicots pinapahiling sa masunod na cladogram:<ref>Based on:<br>{{cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |date=2001–2014 |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/treeapweb2map.html |title=Trees |work=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |accessdate=2014-11-17 |archive-date=2015-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521153254/http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/treeapweb2map.html |dead-url=yes }}<br>{{cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |date=2001–2016 |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/ranunculalesweb.htm#Eudicots |title=Eudicots |work=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |accessdate=2014-11-17 }}</ref>

{{clade |style=line-height:1em;
|label1=eudicots
|1={{cladex
   |label1=basal eudicots
   |1=(paraphyletic group: [[Ranunculales]], [[Proteales]], [[Trochodendrales]], [[Buxales]])|state1=double
   |label2=core eudicots
   |2={{clade
         |1=[[Gunnerales]]
         |label2=Pentapetalae
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Dilleniales]]
            |2={{clade
               |label1=[[superrosids]]
               |1={{clade
                  |1=[[Saxifragales]]
                  |label2=[[rosids]]
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Vitales]]
                     |label2=[[eurosids]]
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=[[fabids]] (8 orders)
                        |2=[[malvids]] (8 orders)
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               |label2=[[superasterids]]
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Santalales]]
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Berberidopsidales]]
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=[[Caryophyllales]]
                        |label2=[[asterids]]
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=[[Cornales]]
                           |2={{clade
                              |1=[[Ericales]]
                              |label2=[[euasterids]]
                              |2={{clade
                                 |1=[[campanulids]] (7 orders)
                                 |2=[[lamiids]] (8 orders)
                               }}
                            }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}
----
An minasunod mas detalyadong pagsusog base sa [[APG IV]], pinapahiling sa kada clade asin order.<ref name="apgiv">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 }}</ref>

* clade '''Eudicots'''
*: order [[Ranunculales]]
*: order [[Proteales]]
*: order [[Trochodendrales]]
*: order [[Buxales]]
*: clade '''Core eudicots'''
*:: order [[Gunnerales]]
*:: order [[Dilleniales]]
*:: clade '''[[Superrosids]]'''
*::: order [[Saxifragales]]
*::: clade '''[[Rosids]]'''
*:::: order [[Vitales]]
*:::: clade '''[[Fabids]]'''
*::::: order [[Fabales]]
*::::: order [[Rosales]]
*::::: order [[Fagales]]
*::::: order [[Cucurbitales]]
*::::: order [[Oxalidales]]
*::::: order [[Malpighiales]]
*::::: order [[Celastrales]]
*::::: order [[Zygophyllales]]
*:::: clade '''[[Malvids]]'''
*::::: order [[Geraniales]]
*::::: order [[Myrtales]]
*::::: order [[Crossosomatales]]
*::::: order [[Picramniales]]
*::::: order [[Malvales]]
*::::: order [[Brassicales]]
*::::: order [[Huerteales]]
*::::: order [[Sapindales]]
*:: clade '''[[Superasterids]]'''
*::: order [[Berberidopsidales]]
*::: order [[Santalales]]
*::: order [[Caryophyllales]]
*::: clade '''[[Asterids]]'''
*:::: order [[Cornales]]
*:::: order [[Ericales]]
*:::: clade '''[[Campanulids]]'''
*::::: order [[Aquifoliales]]
*::::: order [[Asterales]]
*::::: order [[Escalloniales]]
*::::: order [[Bruniales]]
*::::: order [[Apiales]]
*::::: order [[Dipsacales]]
*::::: order [[Paracryphiales]]
*:::: clade '''[[Lamiids]]'''
*::::: order [[Solanales]]
*::::: order [[Lamiales]]
*::::: order [[Vahliales]]
*::::: order [[Gentianales]]
*::::: order [[Boraginales]]
*::::: order [[Garryales]]
*::::: order [[Metteniusales]]
*::::: order [[Icacinales]]

==Toltolan==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=MoorSoltBellBurl10>{{Cite journal |last=Moore |first=Michael J. |last2=Soltis |first2=Pamela S. |last3=Bell |first3=Charles D. |last4=Burleigh |first4=J. Gordon |last5=Soltis |first5=Douglas E. |year=2010 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=107 |issue=10 |pages=4623–8 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0907801107 |lastauthoramp=yes |pmid=20176954 |pmc=2842043|bibcode=2010PNAS..107.4623M }}</ref>
}}

==Bibliograpiya==
{{refbegin}}
<!-- Syst. Biol. 56(5):741 -->
*{{cite book |last=Doyle |first=J.A.|last2=Hotton |first2=C.L. |chapter=Diversification of early [[angiosperm]] pollen in a cladistic context |pages=169–195 |title=Pollen and Spores. Patterns of Diversification |editor-last=Blackmore |editor-first=S. |editor2-last=Barnes |editor2-first=S.H. |publisher=Clarendon Press |volume=44 |series=Systematics Association Publications |year=1991 |isbn=9780198577461}}
*{{cite journal |first=Walter S. |last=Judd |first2=Richard G. |last2=Olmstead |year=2004 |title=A survey of tricolpate (eudicot) phylogenetic relationships |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=91 |pages=1627–44 |doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1627 |issue=10 |pmid=21652313 |url=http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1627 |ref=harv |access-date=2019-09-09 |archivedate=2009-08-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808231456/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1627 }}
*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/ranunculalesweb.htm#Eudicots Eudicots] in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]. Version 7, May 2006.
{{refend}}

==Mga panluwas na takod==
*''[http://www.tolweb.org/eudicots  Eudicots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624093458/http://tolweb.org/eudicots |date=2013-06-24 }}'', Tree of Life Web Project
*[http://www.plantlifeforms.com/Classes186/DICOTS_DICOTYLEDONEAE_503903_186.aspx Dicots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224112718/http://plantlifeforms.com/Classes186/Dicots_Dicotyledoneae_503903_186.aspx |date=2015-02-24 }} Plant Life Forms
{{Poon}}
[[Kategorya:Eudicots| ]]
[[Kategorya:Early Cretaceous plants]]
An eudicots, Eudicotidae o eudicotyledons ang clade kan mga tanom na nagbuburak dating inaapod na tricolpates o non-magnoliid dicots ka ibang mga parasurat. An botanikal na termino ipinabisto kan 1991 kan ebolusyonaryong botanista na si James A. Doyle asin paleobotanist Carol L. Hotton para tawan doon an huring ebolusyonaryong pagkakaiba kan tricolpate dicots sa mga enot, dai pa espesyalisadong mga dicots. An haraning relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains enot na nahiling sa morphological studies kan ibang karakter. An mga tanom na ini igwang distinktibong katangian sa saindang pollen grains, nagpapahiling nin tolong colpi o grooves paralleling sa polar axis. 

Dai naghaloy, an mga molecular na ebidensiya kinonpirma an genetic basis para sa mga ebolusyonaryong relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa  tricolpate pollen grains asin dicotyledonous traits. An termino nangangahulugan na "true dicotyledons", ta ini igwa nin mayoridad kan tanom na kinonsiderar na dicots asin igwang katangian kan mga dicots. An terminong "eudicots"  sunod nang ginamit sa botany para magtukoy kan saro sa duwang pinakadulang clades kan angiosperm (nagbubuo kan halos 70% kan mga angiosperm species), monocots ang saro pa. An mga natatadang angiosperms kaayon an magnoliids o ang minsan na inaapod na basal angiosperms o paleodicots, pero ining mga termino na ini dai pa ginagamit, ta mayo ini nin monophyletic na grupo.

Subdibisyon
An eudicots pwedeng bangaon sa duwang grupo: an mga basal eudicots asin an mga core eudicots. Basal eudicot is an informal name for a paraphyletic group. The core eudicots are a monophyletic group. A 2010 study suggested the core eudicots can be divided into two clades, Gunnerales and a clade called Pentapetalae, comprising all the remaining core eudicots.

An Pentapetalae pwedeng pagsuruwayon sa tolong clades:
 Dilleniales
 superrosids binubo kan Saxifragales asin rosids (the APG IV system includes the Vitales in the rosids)
 superasterids binubuo kan Santalales, Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales asin asterids

An dibisyon kan eudicots pinapahiling sa masunod na cladogram:Based on:

An minasunod mas detalyadong pagsusog base sa APG IV, pinapahiling sa kada clade asin order.

 clade Eudicots
 order Ranunculales
 order Proteales
 order Trochodendrales
 order Buxales
 clade Core eudicots
 order Gunnerales
 order Dilleniales
 clade Superrosids
 order Saxifragales
 clade Rosids
 order Vitales
 clade Fabids
 order Fabales
 order Rosales
 order Fagales
 order Cucurbitales
 order Oxalidales
 order Malpighiales
 order Celastrales
 order Zygophyllales
 clade Malvids
 order Geraniales
 order Myrtales
 order Crossosomatales
 order Picramniales
 order Malvales
 order Brassicales
 order Huerteales
 order Sapindales
 clade Superasterids
 order Berberidopsidales
 order Santalales
 order Caryophyllales
 clade Asterids
 order Cornales
 order Ericales
 clade Campanulids
 order Aquifoliales
 order Asterales
 order Escalloniales
 order Bruniales
 order Apiales
 order Dipsacales
 order Paracryphiales
 clade Lamiids
 order Solanales
 order Lamiales
 order Vahliales
 order Gentianales
 order Boraginales
 order Garryales
 order Metteniusales
 order Icacinales

Toltolan

Bibliograpiya

Eudicots in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 7, May 2006.

Mga panluwas na takod
 Eudicots , Tree of Life Web Project
Dicots  Plant Life Forms

 
Kategorya:Early Cretaceous plants