Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
| native_name = {{lang|ru|Александр Исаевич Солженицын}}
| image = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1974crop.jpg{{!}}border
| alt =
| caption = Solzhenitsyn kan Pebrero 1974
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|12|11}}
| birth_place = [[Kislovodsk]], Terek Oblast
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2008|8|3|1918|12|11}}
| death_place = Moscow, Rusya
| occupation = {{hlist|Nobelista|parasurat prosa|historyador}}
| citizenship = {{ublist|[[Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic|Soviet Russia]] (1918–1922)|[[Soviet Union]] (1922–1974)|[[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1974–1990)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/27/us/solzhenitsyn-flies-home-vowing-moral-involvement-88.html "Solzhenitsyn Flies Home, Vowing Moral Involvement ..."]. ''The New York Times''. 27 May 1994. Retrieved 29 May 2014.</ref>|[[Soviet Union]] (1990–1991)|[[Russia]] (1991–2008)}}
| alma_mater = [[Rostov State University]]
| notableworks = {{unbulleted list |''[[One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich]]'' (1962) |''[[Cancer Ward]]'' (1966) |''[[In the First Circle]]'' (1968) |''[[The Red Wheel]]'' (1971–1991) |''[[The Gulag Archipelago]]'' (1973) | ''[[Two Hundred Years Together]]'' (2001–2002)}}
| spouses = {{plain list|
* {{marriage|Natalia Alekseyevna Reshetovskaya|1940|1952|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|<!--Natalia Alekseyevna Reshetovskaya-->|1957|1972|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova|1973}}
}}
| children = {{hlist|Yermolai|[[Ignat Solzhenitsyn|Ignat]]|Stepan}}
| awards = {{unbulleted list |[[Premyo Nobel sa Literatura]] (1970) |[[Templeton Prize]] (1983) |[[Lomonosov Gold Medal]] (1998) |[[State Prize of the Russian Federation]] (2007) |[[International Botev Prize]] (2008) }}
| signature = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn signature.svg
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|solzhenitsyn.ru}}
}}

Si '''Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn'''<ref>{{Cite Oxford Dictionaries|Solzhenitsyn, Alexander|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="collins">{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/solzhenitsyn|title=Solzhenitsyn|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="longman">{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/alexander-solzhenitsyn|title=Solzhenitsyn, Alexander|work=[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]|publisher=[[Longman]]|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|s|oʊ|l|-|,_|-|ˈ|n|iː|t|-}} {{respell|SOHL|-,_-|NEET|-}};<ref name="collins"/><ref name="longman"/><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Solzhenitsyn|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> {{lang-rus|links=no|Александр Исаевич Солженицын|p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɪˈsajɪvʲɪtɕ səlʐɨˈnʲitsɨn}}.}} (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1970/solzhenitsyn/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970|website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2008/08/the_man_who_kept_on_writing.html|title=Alexander Solzhenitsyn, 1918–2008.|author=Christopher Hitchens|date=4 August 2008|work=Slate Magazine}}</ref> sarong Rusong nobelista. Saro sa pinakabantogan na [[disidenteng Sobyet]], si Solzhenitsyn hayag hayag na kritiko kan [[komunismo]] asin naghingowa na mapataas an pagkagamiaw kan kinaban sa mga pang'aapi politikal kan Unyon Sobyet, partikularmente an sistema [[Gulag]]. 

Si Solzhenitsyn namundag sa sarong pamilyang nakikipangutiil sa [[Kampanya Sobyet laban sa relihiyon (1921-1928)|kampanya Sobyet kontra relihiyon kan mga 1920]] asin nagdanay na lipotok na mga kaapil sa [[Simbahan  nin Rusong Ortodoxo]]. Kan siya hubin pa totoo, si Solzhenitsyn nawara na an pagtubod sa [[Kristyanismo]] asin nagin posikit na paratubod sa [[ateismo]] asin sa [[Marxismo]]; ngapit sa saiyang buhay luwayluway na siyang nagin nagkikiling sa mga pagtubod kan Kristiyanong Ortodoxong Sirangan huli kan saiyang mapait na eksperensya sa preso asin sa laog kan kampo Gulag. Kan siya nagseserbi komo kapitan sa [[Pulang Hokbo]] durante kan [[Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban]], si Solzhenitsyn inarestro kan [[SMERSH]] asin pigsentensyahan na itapok walong taon sa Gulag asin dangan ikaag sa [[Pwersadong Pagbabanwa sa Unyon Sobyet|destierro internal]] huli lang sa pagtuyaw niya sa lider Sobyet na si [[Joseph Stalin]] sa sarong surat na pribado man ngani.

Resulta kan inaapod na [[Pagluluwag sa panahon Khrushchev]], si Solzhenitsyn pinalibre asin pinawa'ran sala. Kan siya buminalik sa pagtubod Kristyanismo na kan saiyang pagkaniaki, nagturuhok siya sa pagsurat nin mga nobela manongod sa mga inhustisiya sa [[Unyon Sobyet]] asin dapit kan saiyang mga eksperensya. Saiyang ipinagpublikar an enot an nobela, ''[[One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich]]'' kan 1962, na may pagtutugot an lider Sobyet na si [[Nikita Khrushchev]], na ini dapit sa mga pang'aaping Stalinista. An ultimong obra ni Solzhenitsyn na nalagda sa laog kan Unyon Sobyet iyo an ''[[Matryona's Place]]'' kan 1963. 

== Mga obrang napalagda asin mga diskurso ==

{{Main|Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn bibliography}}
{{refbegin|26em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|title=A Storm in the Mountains}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1962|title=One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich|type=novella|title-link=One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1963|title=An Incident at Krechetovka Station|type=novella|title-link=An Incident at Krechetovka Station}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1963|title=Matryona's Place|type=novella|title-link=Matryona's Place}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1963|title=For the Good of the Cause|type=novella|title-link=For the Good of the Cause}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1968|title=The First Circle|type=novel|others=[[Henry Carlisle]], [[Olga Carlisle]] (translators)|title-link=The First Circle}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1968|title=Cancer Ward|type=novel|title-link=Cancer Ward}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1969|title=The Love-Girl and the Innocent|type=play|title-link=The Love-Girl and the Innocent}} Also known as ''The Prisoner and the Camp Hooker'' or ''The Tenderfoot and the Tart''.
* {{cite web|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1970|title=Laureate lecture|publisher=[[Swedish academy]]|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1970/solzhenitsyn/facts/|url-status=live|series=Nobel prize|access-date=19 March 2019|format=delivered in writing and not actually given as a lecture}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1971|title=August 1914|type=historical novel|title-link=August 1914 (novel)}} The beginning of a history of the birth of the USSR. Centers on the disastrous loss in the [[Battle of Tannenberg (1914)|Battle of Tannenberg]] in August 1914, and the ineptitude of the military leadership. Other works, similarly titled, follow the story: see ''[[The Red Wheel]]'' (overall title).
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|date=1973–1978|title=The Gulag Archipelago|others=[[Henry Carlisle]], [[Olga Carlisle]] (tr.)|title-link=The Gulag Archipelago}} (3 vols.), not a memoir, but a history of the entire process of developing and administering a [[police state]] in the Soviet Union.
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1951|title=Prussian Nights|publication-date=1974|type=poetry|title-link=Prussian Nights}}.
* {{Citation |last=Solzhenitsyn |first=Aleksandr Isaevich |author-mask=3 |date=10 December 1974 |title=Nobel Banquet |type=speech |place=City Hall, Stockholm}}.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1970/solzhenitsyn-speech74-e.html |first=Aleksandr I |last=Solzhenitsyn |author-mask=Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn |title=Banquet Speech |publisher=Nobel prize |date=10 December 1974 |access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref>
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|title=A Letter to the Soviet leaders|publisher=Collins: Harvill Press|year=1974|isbn=978-0-06-013913-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/lettertosovietle00solz}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1975|title=The Oak and the Calf|title-link=The Oak and the Calf}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1975|title=Solzhenitsyn: The Voice of Freedom|type=Translation of 2 speeches, the first given in Washington, D.C., on 30 June 1975, the second in New York City on 9 July 1975 to the [[AFL–CIO]]|url=https://archive.org/details/SolzhenitsynTheVoiceOfFreedom/|publisher=Washington: [[American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations]]}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1976a|title=Lenin in Zürich}}; separate publication of chapters on [[Vladimir Lenin]], none of them published before this point, from ''[[The Red Wheel]]''. The first of them was later incorporated into the 1984 edition of the expanded ''August 1914'' (though it had been written at the same time as the original version of the novel){{Sfn|Solzhenitsyn|1976a|loc=preface}} and the rest in ''November 1916'' and ''March 1917''.
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|date=1976b|title=Warning to the West|type=5 speeches; 3 to the Americans in 1975 and 2 to the British in 1976}}
* {{cite web|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|date=8 June 1978|title=* Harvard Commencement Address|url=https://www.solzhenitsyncenter.org/a-world-split-apart|access-date=18 June 2021|website=Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Center → Articles, Essays, and Speeches|archive-date=1997|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1983|title=* Pluralists|type=political pamphlet}}{{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1980|title=* The Mortal Danger: Misconceptions about Soviet Russia and the Threat to America}}{{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1983b|title=November 1916|type=novel|series=[[The Red Wheel]]}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1983c|title=Victory Celebration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1983d|title=Prisoners}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|date=10 May 1983|title=Godlessness, the First Step to the Gulag|publisher=Templeton Prize|type=address|place=London}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1984|title=August 1914|type=novel|edition=much-expanded}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1990|title=Rebuilding Russia}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1990|title=March 1917}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|title=April 1917|year=c. 1991}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1995|title=The Russian Question}}
* {{cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1997|title=Invisible Allies|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-1-887178-42-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5yYBZ35HPo4C}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=1998|trans-title=Russia under Avalanche|script-title=ru:Россия в обвале|type=political pamphlet|url=http://www.geocities.com/solzh/Solzh/v_obvale_toc.html|title=|publisher=Yahoo|format=Geo cities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828010202/http://www.geocities.com/solzh/Solzh/v_obvale_toc.html|archive-date=28 August 2009|url-status=dead|language=ru}}
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|year=2003|title=Two Hundred Years Together|title-link=Two Hundred Years Together}} on Russian-Jewish relations since 1772, aroused ambiguous public response.<ref name = guardian>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jan/25/russia.books|place = London |work= The Guardian | title = Solzhenitsyn breaks last taboo of the revolution| date = 25 January 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles/ChukovskayaSolzhenitsyn.htm | type = interview | last = Solzhenitsyn | first = Aleksandr I | title = 200 Years Together | editor-first = Lydia | editor-last = Chukovskaya | newspaper = Orthodoxy Today | date = 1–7 January 2003 | access-date = 13 March 2004 | archive-date = 5 March 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050305171122/http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles/ChukovskayaSolzhenitsyn.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>
* {{Cite book|last=Solzhenitsyn|first=Aleksandr Isaevich|author-mask=3|date=2011|title=Apricot Jam: and Other Stories|others=[[Kenneth Lantz]], [[Stephan Solzhenitsyn]] (tr.)|publisher=Counterpoint|location=Berkeley, CA|title-link=Apricot Jam: and Other Stories}}
{{refend}}


==Toltolan==

{{reflist}}
{{Tamboan}}

[[Kategorya:Mga Rusong anti-komunista]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Rusong may dugong Ukranyo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga presong Sobyet]]
[[Kategorya:Mga parasurat asin nobelistang dugong Ukranyo]]
Si Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn  ; .}} (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) sarong Rusong nobelista. Saro sa pinakabantogan na disidenteng Sobyet, si Solzhenitsyn hayag hayag na kritiko kan komunismo asin naghingowa na mapataas an pagkagamiaw kan kinaban sa mga pang'aapi politikal kan Unyon Sobyet, partikularmente an sistema Gulag. 

Si Solzhenitsyn namundag sa sarong pamilyang nakikipangutiil sa kampanya Sobyet kontra relihiyon kan mga 1920 asin nagdanay na lipotok na mga kaapil sa Simbahan  nin Rusong Ortodoxo. Kan siya hubin pa totoo, si Solzhenitsyn nawara na an pagtubod sa Kristyanismo asin nagin posikit na paratubod sa ateismo asin sa Marxismo; ngapit sa saiyang buhay luwayluway na siyang nagin nagkikiling sa mga pagtubod kan Kristiyanong Ortodoxong Sirangan huli kan saiyang mapait na eksperensya sa preso asin sa laog kan kampo Gulag. Kan siya nagseserbi komo kapitan sa Pulang Hokbo durante kan Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban, si Solzhenitsyn inarestro kan SMERSH asin pigsentensyahan na itapok walong taon sa Gulag asin dangan ikaag sa destierro internal huli lang sa pagtuyaw niya sa lider Sobyet na si Joseph Stalin sa sarong surat na pribado man ngani.

Resulta kan inaapod na Pagluluwag sa panahon Khrushchev, si Solzhenitsyn pinalibre asin pinawa'ran sala. Kan siya buminalik sa pagtubod Kristyanismo na kan saiyang pagkaniaki, nagturuhok siya sa pagsurat nin mga nobela manongod sa mga inhustisiya sa Unyon Sobyet asin dapit kan saiyang mga eksperensya. Saiyang ipinagpublikar an enot an nobela, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich kan 1962, na may pagtutugot an lider Sobyet na si Nikita Khrushchev, na ini dapit sa mga pang'aaping Stalinista. An ultimong obra ni Solzhenitsyn na nalagda sa laog kan Unyon Sobyet iyo an Matryona's Place kan 1963. 

 Mga obrang napalagda asin mga diskurso 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Also known as The Prisoner and the Camp Hooker or The Tenderfoot and the Tart.
 
  The beginning of a history of the birth of the USSR. Centers on the disastrous loss in the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914, and the ineptitude of the military leadership. Other works, similarly titled, follow the story: see The Red Wheel (overall title).
  (3 vols.), not a memoir, but a history of the entire process of developing and administering a police state in the Soviet Union.
 .
 .
 
 
 
 ; separate publication of chapters on Vladimir Lenin, none of them published before this point, from The Red Wheel. The first of them was later incorporated into the 1984 edition of the expanded August 1914 (though it had been written at the same time as the original version of the novel) and the rest in November 1916 and March 1917.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  on Russian-Jewish relations since 1772, aroused ambiguous public response.
 

Toltolan

Kategorya:Mga Rusong anti-komunista
Kategorya:Mga Rusong may dugong Ukranyo
Kategorya:Mga presong Sobyet
Kategorya:Mga parasurat asin nobelistang dugong Ukranyo