Pankinaban na Komperensiya kan mga Babayi, 1975
An '''World Conference on Women, 1975''', ginibo kan Hunyo 19 hasta Hulyo 2 kan 1975 sa Syudad kan Mexico, Mexico. Ini an primerong internasyunal na komperensya na ginibo kan United Nations tangani na magtutok derekta sa mga isyu pambabayi asin nagmarka ini kan sarong pagbabago para sa mga politikal na derektiba. Pakalihis kan siring na meeting, hiniling na an mga babayi bilang parte kan proseso tangani na makahaman asin makapag-implementar nin mga polisiya imbes na magi sanang resipyente nin mga tabang. An komperensya saro sa mga pagtiripon na pinag-establisar kan International Women's Year asin nanginot sa pagkrear pareho kan United Nations Decade for Women asin man kasunod pang mga komperensya tangani na mag-ebalwar sa progreso na nagtatangkas kan mga diskriminasyon kontra sa mga babayi asin pagkakapantay-pantay kan pagtatratar sainda. Duwang dokumento an pinag-adaptar sa komperensya, an World Plan of Action na igwa nin mga espisipikong target para sa mga nasyon kun ano an saindang iimplementar na women's improvement asin man an Deklarasyon kan Mexico para sa Equality of Women and Their Contribution  to Development and Peace, na nagpapaliwanag man kun pano an foreign policy na mga paghiro magkakaigwang derektang epekto sa mga kababaihan. Pinanginutan man kaini an pag-establisar kan International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women tangani na masusog an mga pagbabago asin man an padagos na isyus, dagdag pa digdi an United Nations Development Fund for Women tangani na magtao nin pondo para sa mga programang pagpatalubo. An komperensya nagmarka kan pinaka-inot na beses na nagkaigwa nin mga Parallel Tribune Meeting na nagin matrayumpo sa pagsusumite nin mga input sa opisyal na meeting asin magin kasangkapan pa man para sa mga pambabaying grupo tangani maporma sa bilog na kinaban.


==Nakaagi==
Pigganap an World Conference on Women kan 1970s dawa pa nangyari kaidto an Cold War kun sain an pag-iiwal Geo-Politikal na ini nagkokontrol base sana sa interes kan Estados Unidos o kaya man kan USSR sa pirang rehiyon sa intirong kinaban, kun sain nabangalugod sa duwang kampo asin igwa nin kanya-kanyang impluwensiya an duwang lado.{{sfn|Cascio|Pellegrini|Segura i Mas|2014|p=93}} Kan magsuko pa sana an Estados Unidos sa [[Vietnam]]{{sfn|Ghodsee|2010|p=6}}, 48 na iriwal an mangyayari sa Asya kairiba igdi an lugar kan Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. An mga gera sa Aprika sa katapusan kan dekolonisasyon kan 1970s, nagi sanang halawig na gera-sibil sa Angola, Ethiopia-Somali, Mozambique, asin iba pa man na Aprikanong Nasyun, kun sain an mas may magagabat na kapangyarihan iyo an nagmamanipular kan mga suldados asin mga armas.{{sfn|Cascio|Pellegrini|Segura i Mas|2014|pp=92–96}} An dekolonisasyon sa Carribean nagatu nin independensya sa doseng estado sa tahaw kan 1962 asin 1983, alagad padagos ining nagipit kan pankinaban na kapangyarihan tangani na mamanipular an lokal na mga katuyohan.{{sfn|Bégot|Buleon|Shurmer-Smith|2012}}{{sfn|Bourbonnais|2016|p=175}} Duwa sa signipikanteng Middle East na iriwal nangyari kan 1967 asin man kan 1973 kan an US pinagsuroban an mga kaalyado kaini kaibahan an Israel, mantang an USSR pigsurog man kan Sosyalistang Rehimen kan mga Arab.{{sfn|Cascio|Pellegrini|Segura i Mas|2014|pp=92–93}} Sa Central asin South America igwa nin mga coups d'etats sa Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador asin an mga diktaturya igdi nagpasiring sa pagkarumpang kan mga populasyon na indigenous.{{sfn|Cascio|Pellegrini|Segura i Mas|2014|p=93}}

==Toltolan==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliograpiya==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite web|ref=harv|last1=Bégot|first1=Monique|last2=Buleon|first2=Pascal|last3=Shurmer-Smith|first3=Louis (translator)|title=Political Alignments And Situation|url=https://atlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr/en/page-82.html|website=atlas-caraibe.certic|publisher=University of Caen Normandy|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508155949/https://atlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr/en/page-82.html|archivedate=8 May 2016|location=Normandy, France|year=2012}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Bonfiglioli|first1=Chiara|title=The First UN World Conference on Women (1975) as a Cold War Encounter: Recovering Anti-Imperialist,  Non-Aligned and Socialist Genealogies|journal=Filozofija i Društvo|year=2016|volume=27|issue=3|pages=521–541|doi=10.2298/FID1603521B|url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0353-5738/2016/0353-57381603521B.pdf|accessdate=8 May 2017|publisher=Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju Beograd ([[University of Belgrade]], Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory)|location=Belgrade, Serbia|issn=0353-5738}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Bourbonnais|first=Nicole C. |title=Birth Control in the Decolonizing Caribbean: Reproductive Politics and Practice on Four Islands, 1930–1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZraSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA175|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York City|isbn=978-1-107-11865-2}}
*{{cite news|ref=harv|last1=Brady|first1=Sheila|title=Protest Averted at IWY meeting|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10826823/the_ottawa_journal/|accessdate=9 May 2017|work=[[The Ottawa Journal]]|publisher=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=27 June 1975|location=Ottawa, Ontario, Canada|page=26}} {{open access}}
*{{cite report|ref=harv|last1=Bunch|first1=Charlotte|last2=Hinojosa|first2=Claudia|author-link1=Charlotte Bunch|title=Lesbians Travel the Roads of Feminism Globally|url=http://www.cwgl.rutgers.edu/docman/coalition-building-publications/378-lesbianstravel-roadfeminisms-pdf-1/file|publisher=[[Center for Women's Global Leadership]], [[Rutgers University]]|accessdate=11 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912010523/http://www.cwgl.rutgers.edu/docman/coalition-building-publications/378-lesbianstravel-roadfeminisms-pdf-1/file|archivedate=12 September 2015|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|year=2000}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Cascio|first1=Paola Lo|last2=Pellegrini|first2=Alberto |last3=Segura i Mas|first3=Antoni |title=Soldiers, Bombs and Rifles: Military History of the 20th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9T1QBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|location=Newcastle upon Tyne, England|isbn=978-1-4438-6968-3}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Fraser|first1=Arvonne S.|title=Becoming Human: The Origins and Development of Women's Human Rights|journal=[[Human Rights Quarterly]]|date=November 1999|volume=21|issue=4|pages=853–906|jstor=762751|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|location=Baltimore, Maryland|issn=0275-0392}}
*{{cite web|ref=harv|last1=Fraser|first1=Arvonne S.|title=UN Decade for Women: The Power of Words and Organizations|url=http://wasi.alexanderstreet.com/help/view/un_decade_for_women_the_power_of_words_and_organizations|website=Women and Social Movements, International|publisher=Alexander Street Press, LLC|accessdate=9 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708074952/http://wasi.alexanderstreet.com/help/view/un_decade_for_women_the_power_of_words_and_organizations|archivedate=8 July 2013|location=Alexandria, Virginia|year=2013}}
*{{cite news|ref=harv|last1=Fraser|first1=Arvonne S.|title=Women invade Mexico City conventions|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10826600/the_newark_advocate/|accessdate=9 May 2017|publisher=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=22 July 1975|location=Newark, Ohio|page=17}} {{open access}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Friedan|first=Betty|title=It Changed My Life: Writings on the Women's Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iv4-Qy82BJ0C&pg=PA441|year=1998|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0-674-46885-6}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Frum|first=David |title=How We Got Here: The 70's: The Decade that Brought You Modern Life (For Better or Worse)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EUtP_lvCqIC&pg=PA318|year=2008|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-7867-2350-8}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Ghodsee|first1=Kristen|title=Revisiting the United Nations decade for women: Brief reflections on feminism, capitalism and Cold War politics in the early years of the international women's movement|url=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kristenghodsee/files/un_decade_reflections.pdf|journal=[[Women's Studies International Forum]]|year=2010|volume=33|pages=3–12|doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2009.11.008|accessdate=7 May 2017|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam, the Netherlands|issn=0277-5395}}
*{{cite web|ref=harv|last1=Graefe|first1=Laurel|title=Oil Shock of 1978–79|url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil_shock_of_1978_79|website=Federal Reserve History|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508175245/https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil_shock_of_1978_79|archivedate=8 May 2017|location=Richmond, Virginia|date=22 November 2013}}
*{{cite news|ref=harv|last1=Klemesrud|first1=Judy|title=Suggests revolution to gain equality|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10826690/the_lowell_sun/|accessdate=9 May 2017|agency=Times News Service|publisher=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=8 July 1975|location=Lowell, Massachusetts|page=7}} {{open access}}
*{{cite news|ref=harv|last1=Macalister|first1=Terry|title=Background: What caused the 1970s oil price shock?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/mar/03/1970s-oil-price-shock|accessdate=8 May 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131003725/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/mar/03/1970s-oil-price-shock|archivedate=31 January 2017|location=London, England}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Maier|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Lebon|first2=Nathalie|title=Women's Activism in Latin America and the Caribbean: Engendering Social Justice, Democratizing Citizenship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTt3TAZnr74C&pg=PA143|year=2010|publisher=Rutgers University Press|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|isbn=978-0-8135-4951-4}}
*{{cite web|ref=harv|last1=Martin|first1=Aoife|title=International Women's Year 1975|url=https://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/fall2015/2015/10/03/international-womens-year-1975/|website=History105.libraries|publisher=[[Washington State University]]|accessdate=9 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509193802/https://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/fall2015/2015/10/03/international-womens-year-1975/|archivedate=9 May 2017|location=Pullman, Washington|date=3 October 2015}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Olcott|first1=Jocelyn|editor-last1=Murphy|editor-first1=Kevin P.|editor-last2=Spear|editor-first2=Jennifer M.|title=Historicising Gender and Sexuality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flAU0cgjLkkC&pg=PT261|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester, England|isbn=978-1-4443-4393-9|chapter=10: Cold War Conflicts and Cheap Cabaret: Sexual Politics at the 1975 United Nations International Women’s Year Conference|pages=261–292}}
*{{cite news|ref=harv|last1=Pauley|first1=Gay|title=Post-Eyeview of Mexico City|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5970250/lebanon_daily_news/|accessdate=7 May 2017|publisher=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=19 August 1975|location=Lebanon, Pennsylvania}} {{open access}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Pietilä|first=Hilkka|title=The Unfinished Story of Women and the United Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tpsg3xsQv8cC&pg=PA42|year=2007|publisher=UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service|location=New York City|id=GGKEY:K1H1G5PGUBB}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{cite news|ref=harv|last1=Teltsch|first1=Kathleen|title=U.N. Wants It to Be More Than a 'Ladies' Meeting'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/10/archives/un-wants-it-to-be-more-than-a-ladies-meeting.html|accessdate=8 May 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 May 1974|location=New York City|page=43}}
*{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Women's World Conferences|2008}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=1975 World Conference on Women: Mexico City, June 19 – July 2, 1975 |url=http://www.5wwc.org/conference_background/1975_WCW.html |website=5WWC |publisher=5th Women's World Conference|date=2008|accessdate=7 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007173157/http://5wwc.org/conference_background/1975_WCW.html |archivedate=20 August 2008}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''The Ames Daily Tribune''|1975}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=From action to Revolution|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10875189/from_action_to_revolution_ames_daily/|accessdate=9 May 2017|work=[[Ames Daily Tribune]]|publisher=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=8 July 1975|location=Ames, Iowa|page=6}} {{open access}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''The Piqua Daily Call''|1975}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Goals vary at conference of women|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10826648/goals_vary_at_conference_of_women_the/|accessdate=9 May 2017|publisher=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=11 July 1975|location=Piqua, Ohio|page=3}} {{open access}}
*{{cite news|ref={{harvid|''The News Herald''|1975}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Mexico Conference Produces Accords|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10826746/panama_city_newsherald/|accessdate=9 May 2017|work=[[The News Herald (Panama City)|The News Herald]]|publisher=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=19 July 1975|location=Panama City, Florida|page=4}} {{open access}}
*{{cite report|ref={{harvid|"Background of the Conference"|1976}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Report of the World Conference of the International Women's Year: Mexico City 19 June-2 July 1975|url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/otherconferences/Mexico/Mexico%20section%20IV%20-%20VIII.pdf|chapter=Part II: Background of the Conference|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=8 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508212343/http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/otherconferences/Mexico/Mexico%20section%20IV%20-%20VIII.pdf|archivedate=8 May 2017|location=New York City|date=1976}}
{{refend}}

[[Kategorya: Mga artikulo sa Art+Feminism in the Philippines 2020]]
An World Conference on Women, 1975, ginibo kan Hunyo 19 hasta Hulyo 2 kan 1975 sa Syudad kan Mexico, Mexico. Ini an primerong internasyunal na komperensya na ginibo kan United Nations tangani na magtutok derekta sa mga isyu pambabayi asin nagmarka ini kan sarong pagbabago para sa mga politikal na derektiba. Pakalihis kan siring na meeting, hiniling na an mga babayi bilang parte kan proseso tangani na makahaman asin makapag-implementar nin mga polisiya imbes na magi sanang resipyente nin mga tabang. An komperensya saro sa mga pagtiripon na pinag-establisar kan International Women's Year asin nanginot sa pagkrear pareho kan United Nations Decade for Women asin man kasunod pang mga komperensya tangani na mag-ebalwar sa progreso na nagtatangkas kan mga diskriminasyon kontra sa mga babayi asin pagkakapantay-pantay kan pagtatratar sainda. Duwang dokumento an pinag-adaptar sa komperensya, an World Plan of Action na igwa nin mga espisipikong target para sa mga nasyon kun ano an saindang iimplementar na women's improvement asin man an Deklarasyon kan Mexico para sa Equality of Women and Their Contribution  to Development and Peace, na nagpapaliwanag man kun pano an foreign policy na mga paghiro magkakaigwang derektang epekto sa mga kababaihan. Pinanginutan man kaini an pag-establisar kan International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women tangani na masusog an mga pagbabago asin man an padagos na isyus, dagdag pa digdi an United Nations Development Fund for Women tangani na magtao nin pondo para sa mga programang pagpatalubo. An komperensya nagmarka kan pinaka-inot na beses na nagkaigwa nin mga Parallel Tribune Meeting na nagin matrayumpo sa pagsusumite nin mga input sa opisyal na meeting asin magin kasangkapan pa man para sa mga pambabaying grupo tangani maporma sa bilog na kinaban.

Nakaagi
Pigganap an World Conference on Women kan 1970s dawa pa nangyari kaidto an Cold War kun sain an pag-iiwal Geo-Politikal na ini nagkokontrol base sana sa interes kan Estados Unidos o kaya man kan USSR sa pirang rehiyon sa intirong kinaban, kun sain nabangalugod sa duwang kampo asin igwa nin kanya-kanyang impluwensiya an duwang lado. Kan magsuko pa sana an Estados Unidos sa Vietnam, 48 na iriwal an mangyayari sa Asya kairiba igdi an lugar kan Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. An mga gera sa Aprika sa katapusan kan dekolonisasyon kan 1970s, nagi sanang halawig na gera-sibil sa Angola, Ethiopia-Somali, Mozambique, asin iba pa man na Aprikanong Nasyun, kun sain an mas may magagabat na kapangyarihan iyo an nagmamanipular kan mga suldados asin mga armas. An dekolonisasyon sa Carribean nagatu nin independensya sa doseng estado sa tahaw kan 1962 asin 1983, alagad padagos ining nagipit kan pankinaban na kapangyarihan tangani na mamanipular an lokal na mga katuyohan. Duwa sa signipikanteng Middle East na iriwal nangyari kan 1967 asin man kan 1973 kan an US pinagsuroban an mga kaalyado kaini kaibahan an Israel, mantang an USSR pigsurog man kan Sosyalistang Rehimen kan mga Arab. Sa Central asin South America igwa nin mga coups d'etats sa Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador asin an mga diktaturya igdi nagpasiring sa pagkarumpang kan mga populasyon na indigenous.

Toltolan

Bibliograpiya

 

 

 

 

 
 
 

Kategorya: Mga artikulo sa Art+Feminism in the Philippines 2020