Darjeeling
{{short description|City in West Bengal, India}}{{About|the municipality in West Bengal, India|its namesake district|Darjeeling district|the tea named after the region|Darjeeling tea|other uses}}

{{pp-pc1}} {{pp-move-indef|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}{{Infobox settlement|name=Darjeeling|demographics_type1=Languages|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_rank=|area_total_km2=10.57|elevation_footnotes=<ref name="DistProf" />|elevation_m=2042.16|population_total=132016|population_as_of=2011|population_rank=|population_density_km2=auto|population_demonym=|population_note=|demographics1_title1=Official|leader_title2=[[Vice-Chairman]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<ref name=nclm50>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India: 50th report (delivered to the Lokh Sabha in 2014) |page=95 |publisher=National Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=13 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate=8 July 2016 }}</ref>|timezone1=[[Indian Standard Time|IST]]|utc_offset1=+5:30|postal_code_type=[[Postal Index Number]]|postal_code=734101|area_code_type=Telephone code|area_code=0354|registration_plate=WB-76 WB-77|blank1_name_sec1=[[Lok Sabha]] constituency|blank1_info_sec1=[[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]|blank2_name_sec1=[[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency|blank2_info_sec1=[[Darjeeling (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]|website={{URL|darjeelingmunicipality.org.in}}|leader_name2=Sagar Tamang|leader_name1=Pratibha Rai<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://siliguritimes.com/pratibha-rai-takes-chairperson-darjeeling-municipal-corporation/ |title=Pratibha Rai Takes Over As Chairperson Of Darjeeling Municipal Corporation |website=Siliguri Times |date=17 January 2018 |accessdate=19 November 2018 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132524/https://siliguritimes.com/pratibha-rai-takes-chairperson-darjeeling-municipal-corporation/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|native_name=|pushpin_map_alt=|native_name_lang=|other_name=|other_name_lang=|settlement_type=City|image_skyline=Darjeeling.jpg|image_alt=|image_caption=A view of Darjeeling from the [[Happy Valley Tea Estate]]|nickname=The Queen of Hills|map_alt=Darjeeling is located at the norther tip of West Bengal, near its boundary with Sikkim.|map_caption=|pushpin_map=India West Bengal#India|pushpin_label_position=right|pushpin_map_caption=Location in West Bengal, India|leader_title1=[[Chairman]]|coordinates={{coord|27|3|N|88|16|E|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|India}}|subdivision_type1=State|subdivision_name1=[[West Bengal]]|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_name2=[[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]|established_title=Settled|established_date=1815, [[Treaty of Sugauli]]|founder=[[East India Company]]|named_for=|government_type=[[Municipal Corporations in India]]|governing_body=[[Darjeeling Municipality]]|footnotes=}}An '''Darjeeling''' ({{IPA-bn|ˈdarˌdʒiliŋ|lang}}, {{IPA-ne|darˈdziliŋ|lang}}) sarong siyudad asin municipalidad kan estado nin India sa [[West Bengal]]. Manunumpungan ini [[Lesser Himalaya|Lesser Himalayas]] na may taas na  {{convert|6700|ft|order=flip}}. Sikat ini sa industriya nin tsaa, mga tanawon sa [[Kangchenjunga]], ikatolong pnakahalangkaw na bundok sa mundo, asin an  [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]], sarong [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]. An Darjeeling iyo an headquarters kan [[Darjeeling district]] na igwang parsyal na autonomous status na inaapod na [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration]] sa laog nin estado kan West Bengal. Sikat man ining destinasyon sa India.

An naikurit na kasysayan kan banwaan nagpuon kan enot na ika-19 na siglo kan an kolonyal na administrasyon sa irarom ni  [[British Raj]] nagbugtak nin [[sanatorium]] asin military depot sa rehiyon. Nagkaigwa nin plantasyon nin tsaa an naestablisar sa rehiyon dangan an pagpatalubo nin mga hybrids kan [[black tea]] asin nagkaigwang mga bagong [[fermentation]] techniques. An tsaa sa [[Darjeeling tea]] minidbid sa internasyonal asin naging pinakasikat na black tea sa kinaban.{{sfn|Srivastava|2003|p=4024}} An Darjeeling Himalayan Railway nagsusumpay sa mga banwaan na igwang mga kapatagan asin [[Steam locomotive|steam locomotives]] na yaon pa sa [[India]].

An Darjeeling igwa nin mga pribadong eskwelahan na kaagid sa  Briton, na nakaengganyar sa mga estudyante sa India asin kataraid na nasyon. An manlaen-laen na kultura sa banwaan nagpapahiling nin diverse demographic milieu kan [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]], Khampa, [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkha]], [[Newar]], [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]], [[Bhutia]], [[Bengalis|Bengali]]<ref name="Culture" /> asin iba pang mga etno-linguistikong grupo sa India. AnDarjeeling, kaiba an kataid na banwaan kan [[Kalimpong]], sarong sentro kan [[Gorkhaland]] [[social movement]] kan1980 asin tig-init kan 2017. {{TOC left}} {{Clear left}}

== Toponomiya ==
An ginikanan kang terminong Darjeeling nangangahulugan "Tajenglung", sarong [[Yakthung]] Limbu terminolohiyang na ibig sabohon "mag-ulay", base sa historyador na si Sankarhang Subba kan Darjeeling.<ref>Subba U.,( 'Sabdatitma Tajenglung' (Title) by Sankarhang Subba,) (Editor) Yuma Manghim Udghatan Samaroha Smarika 2017, Nalichour, Sonada, published by Limbu/ Subba Tribal Society, Darjeeling.</ref> An ngaran na Darjeeling hale sa  [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] na tataramon na ''Dorje'', na  [[Vajra|thunderbolt sceptre]] kan diwatang Hindu na si [[Indra]], asin ''ling'', na an ibig sabihon "lugar" or "daga".<ref>{{cite web|title=Pre-Independence [Darjeeling]|url=http://darjeeling.gov.in/darj-hist.html|publisher=[[Darjeeling district|Government of Darjeeling]]|accessdate=17 August 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031114710/http://darjeeling.gov.in/darj-hist.html|archivedate=31 October 2015}}</ref> {{OSM Location map|width=420|mark-coord10={{coord|27|3|10|N|88|14|55|E}}|label11=Darjeeling Ropeway|label-pos11=left|mark-coord11={{coord|27|3|40|N|88|15|13|E}}|shape-color10=#87410E|mark-title10=[[Himalayan Mountaineering Institute]] (i)|numbered10=I|labelb10=Institute|labela10=Mountaineering|label10=Himalayan|label-pos10=left|shape-color9=#A40000|mark-title11=[[Darjeeling Ropeway]] (F)|mark-title9=[[Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park]] (F)|numbered9=F|label9=Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park|label-pos9=right|mark-coord9={{coord|27|3|15|N|88|15|15|E}}|shape-color8=#A40000|mark-title8=[[Raj Bhavan, Darjeeling]] (F)|numbered8=F|label8=Raj Bhavan|label-pos8=left|numbered11=F|shape-color11=#A40000|shape-color7=#A40000|mark-coord14={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|14|48|E}}|mark-title15=[[Ghum Monastery]] (T)|numbered15=T|label15=Ghum Monastery|label-pos15=left|mark-coord15={{coord|27|0|42|N|88|15|1|E}}|shape-color14=#A40000|mark-title14=[[Batasia Loop]] (F)|numbered14=F|label14=Batasia Loop|label-pos14=left|shape-color13=#C42222|mark-coord12={{coord|27|2|40|N|88|15|46|E}}|mark-title13=[[Peace Pagoda, Darjeeling]] (F)|numbered13=T|label13=Peace Pagoda|label-pos13=left|mark-coord13={{coord|27|1|39|N|88|15|32|E}}|shape-color12=#A40000|mark-title12=[[Lloyd's Botanical Garden]] (F)|numbered12=F|label12=Lloyd’s Botanical Garden|label-pos12=left|mark-coord8={{coord|27|3|6|N|88|15|46|E}}|mark-title7=[[Observatory Hill, Darjeeling]] (F)|height=450|mark-size1=12|shape-color2=#87A96B|mark-title2=[[Arya Tea Estate]] (TE)|numbered2=TE|label2=Arya TE|label-pos2=left|mark-coord2={{coord|27|2|20|N|88|14|58|E}}|label-offset-x1=2|shape-outline1=white|shape-color1=#87A96B|shape1=l-circle|label-size1=11|label-pos3=left|label-color1=#800000|mark-title1=[[Happy Valley Tea Estate]] (TE)|numbered1=TE|label1=Happy Valley TE|label-pos1=left|mark-coord1={{coord|27|2|45|N|88|15|31|E}}|caption='''Darjeeling'''<br/> TE: tea estate, F: facility, T: religious place, I: institute<br/>Abbreviations used in names – TE for Tea Estate<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br/>All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map|float=left|coord={{coord|27|2|0|N|88|16|3|E}}|zoom=13|mark-coord3={{coord|27|2|33|N|88|17|58|E}}|label3=Lebong & Mineral Spring TE|numbered7=F|mark-title5=[[Chowrasta (Darjeeling)]] (F)|label7=Observatory Hill View Point|label-pos7=right|mark-coord7={{coord|27|3|0|N|88|15|57|E}}|shape-color6=#C42222|mark-title6=[[Mahakal Temple, Darjeeling]] (T)|numbered6=T|label6=Mahakal Temple|label-pos6=left|mark-coord6={{coord|27|2|52|N|88|16|4|E}}|shape-color5=#A40000|numbered5=F|numbered3=R|label5=Chowrasta|label-pos5=right|mark-coord5={{coord|27|2|42|N|88|16|3|E}}|shape-color4=#A40000|mark-title4=[[Darjeeling railway station]] (F)|numbered4=F|label4=Darjeeling railway station|label-pos4=left|mark-coord4={{coord|27|2|10|N|88|15|46|E}}|shape-color3=#87A96B|mark-title3=[[Lebong & Mineral Spring Tea Garden]] (TE)|shape-color15=#C42222}}

== Turismo ==
Naapektuhan an pagbirisita nin mga turista sa lugar nin huli sa bakong pusog na politikal na kamugtakan kan rehiyon asin an mga pagprobar na pagtanyog kaini kan dekada 1980 asin 2000.<ref name="NewProtest" />{{sfn|Dasgupta|1999|p=66}} Mientras puon kan 2012, an Darjeeling nakaeksperyensiya nin pagbalik kan mga turista sa rehiyon dangan internasyonal. Sa ngunyan igwa nang 50,000 na dayo asin 500,000 lokal na turista ang nagbibisita digdi kada taon,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darjeeling hills showing highly positive tourist inflow picture|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502040_1_legendary-toy-train-festive-season-eastern-himalayan-tour|website=timesofindia-economictimes|accessdate=30 December 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305145023/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/news/39502040_1_legendary-toy-train-festive-season-eastern-himalayan-tour|dead-url=yes}}</ref> asin an pagigin "Reyna kan Kabubuldan" kaini siring pa man. Susog sa sarbey kan ''[[India Today]]'' naipinublikar kan 23 Desyembre 2015, an Darjeeling iyo an ikatulong pinakahinanap na destinasyon sa Google sa gabos na destinasyon sa India. Dawa may mga problemang politikal, naglalangkaw ang turismo kaini kada taon. Binibisita an lugar na ini sa mga pagkakan arog kan momos, steamed stick rice, asin iba pang ginagaga na pagkakan na siat sa rehiyon, dangan mga magagayon na tanawon sa lugar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Indian destinations searched on Google in 2015 : Plus List, News - India Today|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/top-10-indian-destinations-searched-on-google-in-2015-udaipur-nainital-darjeeling-kashmir-varanasi/1/554000.html|website=indiatoday.intoday.in|accessdate=30 December 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231205355/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/top-10-indian-destinations-searched-on-google-in-2015-udaipur-nainital-darjeeling-kashmir-varanasi/1/554000.html|archivedate=31 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
An Darjeeling (, ) sarong siyudad asin municipalidad kan estado nin India sa West Bengal. Manunumpungan ini Lesser Himalayas na may taas na  . Sikat ini sa industriya nin tsaa, mga tanawon sa Kangchenjunga, ikatolong pnakahalangkaw na bundok sa mundo, asin an  Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, sarong UNESCO World Heritage Site. An Darjeeling iyo an headquarters kan Darjeeling district na igwang parsyal na autonomous status na inaapod na Gorkhaland Territorial Administration sa laog nin estado kan West Bengal. Sikat man ining destinasyon sa India.

An naikurit na kasysayan kan banwaan nagpuon kan enot na ika-19 na siglo kan an kolonyal na administrasyon sa irarom ni  British Raj nagbugtak nin sanatorium asin military depot sa rehiyon. Nagkaigwa nin plantasyon nin tsaa an naestablisar sa rehiyon dangan an pagpatalubo nin mga hybrids kan black tea asin nagkaigwang mga bagong fermentation techniques. An tsaa sa Darjeeling tea minidbid sa internasyonal asin naging pinakasikat na black tea sa kinaban. An Darjeeling Himalayan Railway nagsusumpay sa mga banwaan na igwang mga kapatagan asin steam locomotives na yaon pa sa India.

An Darjeeling igwa nin mga pribadong eskwelahan na kaagid sa  Briton, na nakaengganyar sa mga estudyante sa India asin kataraid na nasyon. An manlaen-laen na kultura sa banwaan nagpapahiling nin diverse demographic milieu kan Lepcha, Khampa, Gorkha, Newar, Sherpa, Bhutia, Bengali asin iba pang mga etno-linguistikong grupo sa India. AnDarjeeling, kaiba an kataid na banwaan kan Kalimpong, sarong sentro kan Gorkhaland social movement kan1980 asin tig-init kan 2017.  

 Toponomiya 
An ginikanan kang terminong Darjeeling nangangahulugan "Tajenglung", sarong Yakthung Limbu terminolohiyang na ibig sabohon "mag-ulay", base sa historyador na si Sankarhang Subba kan Darjeeling.Subba U.,( 'Sabdatitma Tajenglung' (Title) by Sankarhang Subba,) (Editor) Yuma Manghim Udghatan Samaroha Smarika 2017, Nalichour, Sonada, published by Limbu/ Subba Tribal Society, Darjeeling. An ngaran na Darjeeling hale sa  Tibetan na tataramon na Dorje, na  thunderbolt sceptre kan diwatang Hindu na si Indra, asin ling, na an ibig sabihon "lugar" or "daga". 

 Turismo 
Naapektuhan an pagbirisita nin mga turista sa lugar nin huli sa bakong pusog na politikal na kamugtakan kan rehiyon asin an mga pagprobar na pagtanyog kaini kan dekada 1980 asin 2000. Mientras puon kan 2012, an Darjeeling nakaeksperyensiya nin pagbalik kan mga turista sa rehiyon dangan internasyonal. Sa ngunyan igwa nang 50,000 na dayo asin 500,000 lokal na turista ang nagbibisita digdi kada taon, asin an pagigin "Reyna kan Kabubuldan" kaini siring pa man. Susog sa sarbey kan India Today naipinublikar kan 23 Desyembre 2015, an Darjeeling iyo an ikatulong pinakahinanap na destinasyon sa Google sa gabos na destinasyon sa India. Dawa may mga problemang politikal, naglalangkaw ang turismo kaini kada taon. Binibisita an lugar na ini sa mga pagkakan arog kan momos, steamed stick rice, asin iba pang ginagaga na pagkakan na siat sa rehiyon, dangan mga magagayon na tanawon sa lugar.