Voltaire

{{Infobox writer <!-- For more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| image            = Nicolas de Largillière, François-Marie Arouet dit Voltaire adjusted.png
| caption          = Pintura ni [[Nicolas de Largillière]], c. 1724
| birth_name       = François-Marie Arouet
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1694|11|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place      = Paris, [[Kingdom of France]]
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1778|5|30|1694|11|21|df=yes}}
| death_place      = Paris, [[Kingdom of France]]
| resting_place    = [[Panthéon]], Paris, Pransya
| occupation       = Parasurat, pilosopo
| language         = Pranses
| nationality      = Pranses
| alma_mater       = [[Collège Louis-le-Grand]]
| partner          = [[Émilie du Châtelet]] (1733–1749),<br />[[Marie Louise Mignot]] (1744–1778)
| module           = {{Infobox philosopher
| embed            = yes
| era              = [[Anoy nin Pagkamuklat]]
| region           = [[Western philosophy]]<br />[[French philosophy]]
| school_tradition = [[Lumières]]<br />[[Philosophes]]<br />[[Deism]]<br />[[Classical liberalism]]
| main_interests   = [[Political philosophy]], literature, [[historiography]], [[biblical criticism]]
| influences       = [[Francis Bacon]], [[Pierre Bayle]], [[Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet]], [[Miguel de Cervantes]], [[Plato]], [[Cicero]], [[Emilie de Chatelet]], [[Confucius]], [[Pierre Corneille]], [[Epicurus]], [[Homer]], [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], [[John Locke]], [[Lucian]], [[Lucretius]], [[Jean Meslier]], [[Moliere]], [[Isaac Newton]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Jean Racine]], [[William Shakespeare]], [[Ibn Tufail]], [[Virgil]]
| influenced       = [[Vissarion Belinsky]], [[Jeremy Bentham]], [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[Lord Byron]], [[Catherine the Great]], [[Emilie de Chatelet]], [[Denis Diderot]], [[Gustave Flaubert]], [[Frederick the Great]], [[William Godwin]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Alexander Herzen]], [[Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani|Kermani]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Susan Sarah Cohen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d94FHwSn8xEC&q=he+was+influenced+by+voltaire&pg=PA90 |title=2000 |year=2012 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-095695-5 |page=90}}</ref> [[Christopher Hitchens]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2018 |title=Christopher Hitchens' Defense of the Enlightenment |url=https://areomagazine.com/2018/07/28/christopher-hitchens-defense-of-the-enlightenment/}}</ref> [[Victor Hugo]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Napoleon]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[Thomas Paine]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], [[David Strauss]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Heiner F. Klemme, Manfred Kuehn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH6fCwAAQBAJ&q=David+Friedrich+Strauss+were+especially+influenced+by+Voltaire&pg=PA821 |title=The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers |year=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-4742-5600-1 |page=821}}</ref> [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]
| notable_ideas    = [[Philosophy of history]],<ref>Voltaire, ''La philosophie de l'histoire'', Changuion, 1765.</ref> [[freedom of religion]], [[freedom of speech]], [[separation of church and state]]
| signature        = БСЭ1. Автограф. Автографы. 5.svg
}}
}}
Si '''François-Marie Arouet''' ({{IPA-fr|fʁɑ̃swa maʁi aʁwɛ|lang}}; 21 November 1694{{snd}}30 May 1778), midbid sa saiyang tagong-ngaran na '''Voltaire''' ({{IPAc-en|v|ɒ|l|ˈ|t|ɛər|,_|v|oʊ|l|-}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/voltaire "Voltaire"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Voltaire |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/voltaire |access-date=1 August 2019 |website=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Oxford Dictionaries|Voltaire|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref> <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|US|v|ɔː|l|-}};<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Voltaire|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Voltaire|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-fr|vɔltɛːʁ|lang}}), sarong Pranses [[Anoy nin Pagmumuklat|Pagmumuklat]] na parasurat, historyador, asin pilosopo bantog kan saiyang [[mapanas na pag'iisip]], saiyang [[pagtuyaw sa Kristyandad]]—orog na an [[Pagtutuyaw sa Simbahan Katoliko Romano|Simbahan Katoliko Romano]]— asin kan [[kaoripnan]], kan saiyang adbokasiya sa [[talingkas na pagtaram]], [[talingkas na pagtubod]], asin an [[pagkasuway kan simbahan sa estado]].

Si Voltaire mahusay asin mahigos na parasurat, nagpoprodyusir nin pagsusurat sa maski ano na lang na porma literaryo, kairiba na diyan an [[drama sa entablado|dula]], rawitdawit, nobela, prosa, historya, asin mga sayantipikong pagpahayag. Siya nagguhit nin sobra sa 20,000 na mga kasuratan asin 2,000 na libro asin polyeto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voltaire – Biography |url=http://www.biographyonline.net/writers/voltaire.html}}</ref> Siya an saro sa mga naenot na mga kagsurat na internasyonal na nabantog asin komersyal na nagbenta kan mga gibo niya. Siya maisog na nag'tutulod sa [[libertad sibil]] asin pirmi yaon sa huma nin estriktong pagsesensor huli kan mahigot na mga leyes kan monarkiyang Katolikong Pranses. An mga [[polemiko]] niya malanit na nagtutuya-tuya' kan intoleransya, dogma relihiyoso, asin kan mga kagawean nin Pranses sa panahon niyang idto. An pinakabantogan na obra niya asin kumbaga ''[[magnum opus]]'', iyo an ''[[Candide]]'', sarong [[halipot na nobela]] na nagkokomento, nagtutuyaw, asin nagtuya-tuya' dapit kan mga pangyayari, mga paraisip, asin kan mga pilosopiya sa panahon niya.
== Mga sinurat ==
=== Non-piksyon ===
* ''Letters on the Quakers'' (1727)
* ''[[Letters on the English|Letters concerning the English nation]]'' (London, 1733) (French version entitled ''Lettres philosophiques sur les Anglais'', Rouen, 1734), revised as ''[[Letters on the English]]'' (circa 1778)
* "[[Le Mondain]]" (1736)
* ''Sept Discours en Vers sur l'Homme'' (1738)
* ''[[Elements of the Philosophy of Newton|The Elements of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy]]'' (1738; 2nd expanded ed. 1745)
* ''[[Dictionnaire philosophique]]'' (1752)
* ''The Sermon of the Fifty'' (1759)
* ''The Calas Affair: A Treatise on Tolerance'' (1762)
* ''[[Treatise on Tolerance|Traité sur la tolérance]]'' (1763)
* ''Ce qui plaît aux dames'' (1764)
* ''[[Idées républicaines]]'' (1765)
* ''La Philosophie de l'histoire'' (1765)
* ''[[Questions sur les Miracles]]'' (1765)
* ''[[L'Ingénu]]'' (1767)
* ''La Princesse de Babylone'' (1768)
* ''[[Des singularités de la nature]]'' (1768)
* ''[[Les Dialogues d’Evhémère]]'' (1777)

====Historya====
* ''[[History of Charles XII]], King of Sweden'' (1731)
* ''[[The Age of Louis XIV]]'' (1751)
* ''[[Précis du siècle de Louis XV|The Age of Louis XV]]'' (1746–1752; published separately 1768)
* ''[[Annals of the Empire]] – Charlemagne, AD 742 – Henry VII 1313'', Vol. I (1754)
* ''Annals of the Empire – Louis of Bavaria, 1315 to Ferdinand II 1631'' Vol. II (1754)
* ''[[Essai sur les mœurs et l'esprit des nations|Essay on Universal History, the Manners, and Spirit of Nations]]'' (1756)
* ''History of the Russian Empire Under [[Peter the Great]]'' (Vol. I 1759; Vol. II 1763)

=== Halipot na nobela ===
* ''The One-eyed Street Porter, Cosi-sancta'' (1715)
* ''[[Micromégas]]'' (1738)
* ''The World as it Goes'' (1750)
* ''Memnon'' (1750)
* ''Bababec and the Fakirs'' (1750)
* ''Timon'' (1755)
* ''[[Plato's Dream]]'' (1756)
* ''The Travels of Scarmentado'' (1756)
* ''The Two Consoled Ones'' (1756)
* ''[[Zadig]], or, Destiny'' (1757)
* ''[[Candide]], or Optimism'' (1758)
* ''Story of a Good Brahman'' (1759)
* ''The King of Boutan'' (1761)
* ''The City of Cashmere'' (1760)
* ''An Indian Adventure'' (1764)
* ''The White and the Black'' (1764)
* ''Jeannot and Colin'' (1764)
* ''The Blind Judges of Colors'' (1766)
* ''The Princess of Babylon'' (1768)
* ''The Man with Forty Crowns'' (1768)
* ''The Letters of Amabed'' (1769)
* ''[[L'Ingénu|The Huron, or Pupil of Nature]]'' (1771)
* ''The White Bull'' (1772)
* ''An Incident of Memory'' (1773)
* ''The History of Jenni'' (1774)
* ''The Travels of Reason'' (1774)
* ''The Ears of Lord Chesterfield and Chaplain Goudman'' (1775)

=== Dula/drama ===
Si Voltaire nagsurat nin sa pag'ultan mga singkwenta asin sisentang mga dula, na may ibang dai natapos.<ref>Dates of the first performance, unless otherwise noted. Garreau, Joseph E. (1984). "Voltaire", vol. 5, pp. 113–17, in ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama'', Stanley Hochman, editor in chief. New York: McGraw-Hill. {{ISBN|978-0-07-079169-5}}.</ref> Magkapira igdi iyo an minasunod:
* ''[[Oedipus (Voltaire play)|Œdipe]]'' (1718)
* ''[[Artémire (tragedy)|Artémire]]'' (1720)
* ''[[Hérode et Mariamne|Mariamne]]'' (1724)
* ''[[Brutus (tragedy)|Brutus]]'' (1730)
* ''[[Ériphyle (tragedy)|Éryphile]]'' (1732)
* ''[[Zaïre (play)|Zaïre]]'' (1732), inspiration for ''[[Zaira (opera)|Zaira]]'', opera by [[Vincenzo Bellini]] (1829)
* ''[[Alzire, ou les Américains (play)|Alzire, ou les Américains]]'' (1736), inspiration for ''[[Alzira (opera)|Alzira]]'', opera by [[Giuseppe Verdi]] (1845)
* ''[[Zulima]]'' (1740)<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2018 |title=Voltaire |url=https://history-biography.com/voltaire/ |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=History and biography}}</ref>
* ''[[Mahomet (play)|Mahomet]]'' (1741)
* ''[[Mérope]]'' (1743)
* ''[[La princesse de Navarre]]'' (1745)
* ''[[Sémiramis (tragedy)|Sémiramis]]'' (1748), inspiration for ''[[Semiramide]]'', opera by [[Gioachino Rossini]] (1823)
* ''[[Nanine]]'' (1749)
* ''[[L'Orphelin de la Chine]]'' (1755)<ref name="liu53">{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Wu-Chi |year=1953 |title=The Original Orphan of China |journal=Comparative Literature |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=206–07 |doi=10.2307/1768912 |jstor=1768912}}</ref>{{efn|This is an adaptation of the famous Chinese play ''[[The Orphan of Zhao]]'', based on historical events in the [[Spring and Autumn period]].}}
* ''[[Voltaire's Socrates (play)|Socrate]]'' (published 1759)
* ''[[La Femme qui a Raison]]'' (1759)
* ''[[Tancrède (tragedy)|Tancrède]]'' (1760), inspiration for ''[[Tancredi]]'', opera by [[Gioachino Rossini]] (1813)
* ''[[Don Pèdre, roi de Castille]]'' (1774)
* ''[[Sophonisbe (tragedy)|Sophonisbe]]'' (1774)
* ''[[Irène (tragedy)|Irène]]'' (1778)
* ''[[Agathocle]]'' (1779)

=== Mga obrang dinamot ===
* ''Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire'', A. Beuchot (ed.). 72 vols. (1829–1840)
* ''Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire'', Louis E.D. Moland and G. Bengesco (eds.). 52 vols. (1877–1885)
* ''Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire'', Theodore Besterman, ''et al.'' (eds.). 144 vols. (1968–2018)

==Toltolan==
{{reflist}}
{{Tamboan}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Ika-18 siglong pilosopong Pranses]]
[[Kategorya:Mga Ika-18 siglong Pranses na historyador]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pilosopo sa edukasyon]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pilosopo sa literatura]]
Si François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778), midbid sa saiyang tagong-ngaran na Voltaire (;"Voltaire". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. also ; ), sarong Pranses Pagmumuklat na parasurat, historyador, asin pilosopo bantog kan saiyang mapanas na pag'iisip, saiyang pagtuyaw sa Kristyandad—orog na an Simbahan Katoliko Romano— asin kan kaoripnan, kan saiyang adbokasiya sa talingkas na pagtaram, talingkas na pagtubod, asin an pagkasuway kan simbahan sa estado.

Si Voltaire mahusay asin mahigos na parasurat, nagpoprodyusir nin pagsusurat sa maski ano na lang na porma literaryo, kairiba na diyan an dula, rawitdawit, nobela, prosa, historya, asin mga sayantipikong pagpahayag. Siya nagguhit nin sobra sa 20,000 na mga kasuratan asin 2,000 na libro asin polyeto. Siya an saro sa mga naenot na mga kagsurat na internasyonal na nabantog asin komersyal na nagbenta kan mga gibo niya. Siya maisog na nag'tutulod sa libertad sibil asin pirmi yaon sa huma nin estriktong pagsesensor huli kan mahigot na mga leyes kan monarkiyang Katolikong Pranses. An mga polemiko niya malanit na nagtutuya-tuya' kan intoleransya, dogma relihiyoso, asin kan mga kagawean nin Pranses sa panahon niyang idto. An pinakabantogan na obra niya asin kumbaga magnum opus, iyo an Candide, sarong halipot na nobela na nagkokomento, nagtutuyaw, asin nagtuya-tuya' dapit kan mga pangyayari, mga paraisip, asin kan mga pilosopiya sa panahon niya.
 Mga sinurat 
 Non-piksyon 
 Letters on the Quakers (1727)
 Letters concerning the English nation (London, 1733) (French version entitled Lettres philosophiques sur les Anglais, Rouen, 1734), revised as Letters on the English (circa 1778)
 "Le Mondain" (1736)
 Sept Discours en Vers sur l'Homme (1738)
 The Elements of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy (1738; 2nd expanded ed. 1745)
 Dictionnaire philosophique (1752)
 The Sermon of the Fifty (1759)
 The Calas Affair: A Treatise on Tolerance (1762)
 Traité sur la tolérance (1763)
 Ce qui plaît aux dames (1764)
 Idées républicaines (1765)
 La Philosophie de l'histoire (1765)
 Questions sur les Miracles (1765)
 L'Ingénu (1767)
 La Princesse de Babylone (1768)
 Des singularités de la nature (1768)
 Les Dialogues d’Evhémère (1777)

Historya
 History of Charles XII, King of Sweden (1731)
 The Age of Louis XIV (1751)
 The Age of Louis XV (1746–1752; published separately 1768)
 Annals of the Empire – Charlemagne, AD 742 – Henry VII 1313, Vol. I (1754)
 Annals of the Empire – Louis of Bavaria, 1315 to Ferdinand II 1631 Vol. II (1754)
 Essay on Universal History, the Manners, and Spirit of Nations (1756)
 History of the Russian Empire Under Peter the Great (Vol. I 1759; Vol. II 1763)

 Halipot na nobela 
 The One-eyed Street Porter, Cosi-sancta (1715)
 Micromégas (1738)
 The World as it Goes (1750)
 Memnon (1750)
 Bababec and the Fakirs (1750)
 Timon (1755)
 Plato's Dream (1756)
 The Travels of Scarmentado (1756)
 The Two Consoled Ones (1756)
 Zadig, or, Destiny (1757)
 Candide, or Optimism (1758)
 Story of a Good Brahman (1759)
 The King of Boutan (1761)
 The City of Cashmere (1760)
 An Indian Adventure (1764)
 The White and the Black (1764)
 Jeannot and Colin (1764)
 The Blind Judges of Colors (1766)
 The Princess of Babylon (1768)
 The Man with Forty Crowns (1768)
 The Letters of Amabed (1769)
 The Huron, or Pupil of Nature (1771)
 The White Bull (1772)
 An Incident of Memory (1773)
 The History of Jenni (1774)
 The Travels of Reason (1774)
 The Ears of Lord Chesterfield and Chaplain Goudman (1775)

 Dula/drama 
Si Voltaire nagsurat nin sa pag'ultan mga singkwenta asin sisentang mga dula, na may ibang dai natapos.Dates of the first performance, unless otherwise noted. Garreau, Joseph E. (1984). "Voltaire", vol. 5, pp. 113–17, in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama, Stanley Hochman, editor in chief. New York: McGraw-Hill. . Magkapira igdi iyo an minasunod:
 Œdipe (1718)
 Artémire (1720)
 Mariamne (1724)
 Brutus (1730)
 Éryphile (1732)
 Zaïre (1732), inspiration for Zaira, opera by Vincenzo Bellini (1829)
 Alzire, ou les Américains (1736), inspiration for Alzira, opera by Giuseppe Verdi (1845)
 Zulima (1740)
 Mahomet (1741)
 Mérope (1743)
 La princesse de Navarre (1745)
 Sémiramis (1748), inspiration for Semiramide, opera by Gioachino Rossini (1823)
 Nanine (1749)
 L'Orphelin de la Chine (1755)
 Socrate (published 1759)
 La Femme qui a Raison (1759)
 Tancrède (1760), inspiration for Tancredi, opera by Gioachino Rossini (1813)
 Don Pèdre, roi de Castille (1774)
 Sophonisbe (1774)
 Irène (1778)
 Agathocle (1779)

 Mga obrang dinamot 
 Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, A. Beuchot (ed.). 72 vols. (1829–1840)
 Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, Louis E.D. Moland and G. Bengesco (eds.). 52 vols. (1877–1885)
 Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, Theodore Besterman, et al. (eds.). 144 vols. (1968–2018)

Toltolan

Kategorya:Mga Ika-18 siglong pilosopong Pranses
Kategorya:Mga Ika-18 siglong Pranses na historyador
Kategorya:Mga pilosopo sa edukasyon
Kategorya:Mga pilosopo sa literatura