Euclid
{{Infobox scientist|name=Euclid|caption=|image=Scuola di atene 23.jpg|birth_date=Mid-4th century BC|death_date=Mid-3rd century BC|field=[[Mathematics]]|known_for={{ublist |[[Euclidean geometry]] |[[Euclid's Elements|Euclid's ''Elements'']]|[[Euclidean algorithm]]}}}}Si '''Euclid''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|juː|k|l|ɪ|d}}; {{lang-grc|[[Wikt:Εὐκλείδης|Εὐκλείδης]]}} – ''Eukleídēs'', {{IPA-grc|eu̯.kleː.dɛːs|pron}}; [[Floruit|fl.]] 300 BC), inaapod man na '''Euclid kan Alexandriya'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mathmathematicia00brun/page/125|title=Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World|last=Bruno|first=Leonard C.|date=2003|publisher=U X L|others=Baker, Lawrence W.|isbn=978-0-7876-3813-9|location=Detroit, Mich.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mathmathematicia00brun/page/125 125]|oclc=41497065|orig-year=1999}}</ref> para magkaigwang kalaenan ki [[Euclid of Megara]], sarong Griyegong matematiko, na sarong "kagmukna nin [[heometriya]]"<ref name=":0" /> o "ama nin heometriya".

Siya aktibo sa [[Alexandria]] kan namamayo si [[Ptolemy I Soter|Ptolemy&nbsp;I]] (323–283 BC). An saiyang ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'' an saro sa mga impluwensiyal niyang gibo sa kasaysayan nin matematika,an nagsisirbeng libro sa pagtukdo nin matematika (urog na an [[heometriya]]) sa puon kan publikasyon hasta sa huring ika-19 o enot na siglo.<ref>Ball, pp. 50–62.</ref><ref>Boyer, pp. 100–19.</ref><ref>Macardle, et al. (2008). ''Scientists: Extraordinary People Who Altered the Course of History.'' New York: Metro Books. g. 12.</ref> Sa ''Elements'', binawasan ni Euclid an theorem kaya inaapod ngunyan na [[Euclidean geometry]] hale sa sadit na [[Axiom|axioms]]. Sinurat man ni Euclid an [[Perspective (visual)|perspective]], [[Conic section|conic sections]], [[spherical geometry]], [[number theory]], asin [[Rigour#Mathematical proof|mathematical rigour]].

== Etimolohiya ==
An Ingles na ngarang ''Euclid'' iyo an anglikong bersyon kan Griyegong ngarang Εὐκλείδης, boot-sabihon "bistado, matrayumpo".<ref name="Etymology">{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Euclidean|access-date=March 18, 2015|first=Douglas|last=Harper|title=Euclidean (adj.)|work=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref>

[[Ladawan:Euclidis_quae_supersunt_omnia.tif|thumb|''Euclidis quae supersunt omnia'' (1704)]]
[[Ladawan:Euclid_Dodecahedron_1.svg|thumb|Euclid's construction of a regular [[dodecahedron]].]]
[[Ladawan:Cube_to_dodecahedron_240px.gif|thumb|Construction of a dodecahedron by placing faces on the edges of a cube.]]

== Legasiya ==
An [[Euclid (spacecraft)|Euclid]] [[spacecraft]] kan [[European Space Agency]] (ESA) iyo pinangaranan para sa saiyang onra.<ref>{{cite web|title=NASA Delivers Detectors for ESA's Euclid Spacecraft|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6840|work=NASA|year=2017}}</ref>

== Mga toltolan ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Mga nasambit na ginibuhan ===
{{refbegin|40em}}
* Artmann, Benno (1999). ''Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics''. New York: Springer. {{ISBN|0-387-98423-2}}.
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/shortaccountofhi0000ball/page/50|title=A Short Account of the History of Mathematics|last=Ball|first=W.W. Rouse|publisher=Dover Publications|year=1960|isbn=978-0-486-20630-1|edition=4th|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shortaccountofhi0000ball/page/50 50–62]|author-link=W. W. Rouse Ball|orig-year=1908}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema00boye|title=A History of Mathematics|last=Boyer|first=Carl B.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|year=1991|isbn=978-0-471-54397-8|edition=2nd|author-link=Carl Benjamin Boyer}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.mathopenref.com/euclid.html|title=Euclid|first=Charlene|last=Douglass|editor=Page, John D.|date=2007|work=[[Math Open Reference]] <!-- Intentional red link; someone should do article on this resource -->}} With extensive bibliography.
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thirteenbooksofe00eucl|title=The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements|last=Heath|first=Thomas (ed.)|publisher=Dover Publications|year=1956|isbn=978-0-486-60088-8|volume=1|author-link=T. L. Heath|orig-year=1908}}
* {{cite book|title=''Euclid, ''Elements|last=Heath|first=Thomas L.|date=1908|editor-last=Heath|editor-first=Thomas L.|volume=1|pages=1–6|chapter=Euclid and the Traditions About Him|chapter-url=http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Euc.+1|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2010-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127080511/http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/|dead-url=yes}}As reproduced in the .
* Heath, Thomas L. (1981). ''A History of Greek Mathematics'', 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. {{ISBN|0-486-24073-8|0-486-24074-6}}.
* [[Morris Kline|Kline, Morris]] (1980). ''Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-502754-X}}.
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Euclid|title=Euclid of Alexandria}}
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Euclid|title=Theon of Alexandria}}
* [[Proclus]], ''A commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements'', translated by Glenn Raymond Morrow, Princeton University Press, 1992. {{ISBN|978-0-691-02090-7}}.
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000stru_m6j1|title=A Concise History of Mathematics|last=Struik|first=Dirk J.|publisher=Dover Publications|year=1967|isbn=978-0-486-60255-4|author-link=Dirk Jan Struik|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|title=Euclid|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/194880/Euclid|access-date=November 21, 2014|date=October 30, 2014|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|first1=Bartel Leendert|last1=Van der Waerden|author-link1=Bartel Leendert van der Waerden|first2=Christian Marinus|last2=Taisbak}}
{{refend}}

== Magbasa pa lalo ==

* {{cite book|title=Euclid and Geometry|last=DeLacy|first=Estelle Allen|publisher=Franklin Watts|year=1963|location=New York}}
* {{cite book|title=The Evolution of the Euclidean Elements: A Study of the Theory of Incommensurable Magnitudes and Its Significance for Early Greek Geometry|last=Knorr|first=Wilbur Richard|publisher=D. Reidel|year=1975|isbn=978-90-277-0509-9|location=Dordrecht, Holland}}
* {{cite book|title=Philosophy of Mathematics and Deductive Structure in Euclid's Elements|last=Mueller|first=Ian|publisher=MIT Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-262-13163-6|location=Cambridge, MA}}
* {{cite book|title=A Long Way from Euclid|last=Reid|first=Constance|publisher=Crowell|year=1963|location=New York}}
* {{cite book|title=The Beginnings of Greek Mathematics|last=Szabó|first=Árpád|publisher=D. Reidel|others=A.M. Ungar, trans|year=1978|isbn=978-90-277-0819-9|location=Dordrecht, Holland}}

== Panluwas na takod ==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-Euclid-article.ogg|date=2020-09-29}}{{Commons category|Euclid}}
* [https://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/elements.html Euclid's Elements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231080048/https://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/elements.html |date=2020-12-31 }}, All thirteen books, with interactive diagrams using Java. [[Clark University]]
* [https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/books/Euclid/Euclid.html Euclid's Elements], with the original Greek and an English translation on facing pages (includes PDF version for printing). [[University of Texas]].
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/21076/21076-pdf Euclid's Elements, books I–VI], in English pdf, in a Project Gutenberg Victorian textbook edition with diagrams.
* [https://euclides.org Euclid's Elements], All thirteen books, in several languages as Spanish, Catalan, English, German, Portuguese, Arabic, Italian, Russian and Chinese.
* [https://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/eucgeo/index.html ''Elementa Geometriae''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629092955/https://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/eucgeo/index.html |date=2022-06-29 }} 1482, Venice. From [[Rare Book Room]].
* [https://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/eucmsd/index.html ''Elementa''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419144305/http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/eucmsd/index.html |date=2022-04-19 }} 888 AD, Byzantine. From [[Rare Book Room]].
* [https://www.wilbourhall.org Texts on Ancient Mathematics and Mathematical Astronomy] PDF scans (Note: many are very large files). Includes editions and translations of Euclid's ''Elements'', ''Data'', and ''Optica'', Proclus's ''Commentary on Euclid'', and other historical sources.
* [https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/english.20856.1 "The elements of geometrie of the most auncient Philosopher Euclide of Megara"] (1570) from the [https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/eng.html English Printing Collection] in the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the [[Library of Congress]].
{{poon}}
[[Kategorya:Mga matematiko]]
Si Euclid (;  – Eukleídēs, ; fl. 300 BC), inaapod man na Euclid kan Alexandriya para magkaigwang kalaenan ki Euclid of Megara, sarong Griyegong matematiko, na sarong "kagmukna nin heometriya" o "ama nin heometriya".

Siya aktibo sa Alexandria kan namamayo si Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). An saiyang Elements an saro sa mga impluwensiyal niyang gibo sa kasaysayan nin matematika,an nagsisirbeng libro sa pagtukdo nin matematika (urog na an heometriya) sa puon kan publikasyon hasta sa huring ika-19 o enot na siglo.Ball, pp. 50–62.Boyer, pp. 100–19.Macardle, et al. (2008). Scientists: Extraordinary People Who Altered the Course of History. New York: Metro Books. g. 12. Sa Elements, binawasan ni Euclid an theorem kaya inaapod ngunyan na Euclidean geometry hale sa sadit na axioms. Sinurat man ni Euclid an perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, asin mathematical rigour.

 Etimolohiya 
An Ingles na ngarang Euclid iyo an anglikong bersyon kan Griyegong ngarang Εὐκλείδης, boot-sabihon "bistado, matrayumpo".

thumb|Euclidis quae supersunt omnia (1704)
thumb|Euclid's construction of a regular dodecahedron.
thumb|Construction of a dodecahedron by placing faces on the edges of a cube.

 Legasiya 
An Euclid spacecraft kan European Space Agency (ESA) iyo pinangaranan para sa saiyang onra.

 Mga toltolan 

 Mga nasambit na ginibuhan 

 Artmann, Benno (1999). Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics. New York: Springer. .
 
 
  With extensive bibliography.
 
 As reproduced in the .
 Heath, Thomas L. (1981). A History of Greek Mathematics, 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. .
 Kline, Morris (1980). Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
 
 
 Proclus, A commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements, translated by Glenn Raymond Morrow, Princeton University Press, 1992. .
 
 

 Magbasa pa lalo 

 
 
 
 
 

 Panluwas na takod 

 Euclid's Elements , All thirteen books, with interactive diagrams using Java. Clark University
 Euclid's Elements, with the original Greek and an English translation on facing pages (includes PDF version for printing). University of Texas.
 Euclid's Elements, books I–VI, in English pdf, in a Project Gutenberg Victorian textbook edition with diagrams.
 Euclid's Elements, All thirteen books, in several languages as Spanish, Catalan, English, German, Portuguese, Arabic, Italian, Russian and Chinese.
 Elementa Geometriae  1482, Venice. From Rare Book Room.
 Elementa  888 AD, Byzantine. From Rare Book Room.
 Texts on Ancient Mathematics and Mathematical Astronomy PDF scans (Note: many are very large files). Includes editions and translations of Euclid's Elements, Data, and Optica, Proclus's Commentary on Euclid, and other historical sources.
 "The elements of geometrie of the most auncient Philosopher Euclide of Megara" (1570) from the English Printing Collection in the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the Library of Congress.

Kategorya:Mga matematiko