### ----------------------------------------------------
### -- FHIR
### -- Licenses: Artistic-2.0
### -- Authors: Hugh Simpson
### -- File: t/resources/structureDefinition/ResearchElementDefinition.json
### ----------------------------------------------------
### -- Chunk 12 of 14
"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "dateTime"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.date"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "w5",
        "map" : "FiveWs.recorded"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.publisher",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.publisher",
      "short" : "Name of the publisher (organization or individual)",
      "definition" : "The name of the organization or individual that published the research element definition.",
      "comment" : "Usually an organization but may be an individual. The publisher (or steward) of the research element definition is the organization or individual primarily responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the research element definition. This is not necessarily the same individual or organization that developed and initially authored the content. The publisher is the primary point of contact for questions or issues with the research element definition. This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context.",
      "requirements" : "Helps establish the \"authority/credibility\" of the research element definition.  May also allow for contact.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.publisher",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "string"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.publisher"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "w5",
        "map" : "FiveWs.witness"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.contact",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.contact",
      "short" : "Contact details for the publisher",
      "definition" : "Contact details to assist a user in finding and communicating with the publisher.",
      "comment" : "May be a web site, an email address, a telephone number, etc.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.contact",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "ContactDetail"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.contact"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.description",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.description",
      "short" : "Natural language description of the research element definition",
      "definition" : "A free text natural language description of the research element definition from a consumer's perspective.",
      "comment" : "This description can be used to capture details such as why the research element definition was built, comments about misuse, instructions for clinical use and interpretation, literature references, examples from the paper world, etc. It is not a rendering of the research element definition as conveyed in the 'text' field of the resource itself. This item SHOULD be populated unless the information is available from context (e.g. the language of the research element definition is presumed to be the predominant language in the place the research element definition was created).",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.description",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "markdown"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.description"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.comment",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.comment",
      "short" : "Used for footnotes or explanatory notes",
      "definition" : "A human-readable string to clarify or explain concepts about the resource.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.comment",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "string"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.useContext",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.useContext",
      "short" : "The context that the content is intended to support",
      "definition" : "The content was developed with a focus and intent of supporting the contexts that are listed. These contexts may be general categories (gender, age, ...) or may be references to specific programs (insurance plans, studies, ...) and may be used to assist with indexing and searching for appropriate research element definition instances.",
      "comment" : "When multiple useContexts are specified, there is no expectation that all or any of the contexts apply.",
      "requirements" : "Assist in searching for appropriate content.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.useContext",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "UsageContext"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.useContext"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction",
      "short" : "Intended jurisdiction for research element definition (if applicable)",
      "definition" : "A legal or geographic region in which the research element definition is intended to be used.",
      "comment" : "It may be possible for the research element definition to be used in jurisdictions other than those for which it was originally designed or intended.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.jurisdiction",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "CodeableConcept"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "binding" : {
        "extension" : [{
          "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName",
          "valueString" : "Jurisdiction"
        },
        {
          "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-isCommonBinding",
          "valueBoolean" : true
        }],
        "strength" : "extensible",
        "description" : "Countries and regions within which this artifact is targeted for use.",
        "valueSet" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/jurisdiction"
      },
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.jurisdiction"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.purpose",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.purpose",
      "short" : "Why this research element definition is defined",
      "definition" : "Explanation of why this research element definition is needed and why it has been designed as it has.",
      "comment" : "This element does not describe the usage of the research element definition. Instead, it provides traceability of ''why'' the resource is either needed or ''why'' it is defined as it is.  This may be used to point to source materials or specifications that drove the structure of this research element definition.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.purpose",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "markdown"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.purpose"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "w5",
        "map" : "FiveWs.why[x]"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "objimpl",
        "map" : "no-gen-base"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.usage",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.usage",
      "short" : "Describes the clinical usage of the ResearchElementDefinition",
      "definition" : "A detailed description, from a clinical perspective, of how the ResearchElementDefinition is used.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.usage",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "string"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.copyright",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.copyright",
      "short" : "Use and/or publishing restrictions",
      "definition" : "A copyright statement relating to the research element definition and/or its contents. Copyright statements are generally legal restrictions on the use and publishing of the research element definition.",
      "requirements" : "Consumers must be able to determine any legal restrictions on the use of the research element definition and/or its content.",
      "alias" : ["License",
      "Restrictions"],
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.copyright",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "markdown"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.copyright"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "objimpl",
        "map" : "no-gen-base"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate",
      "short" : "When the research element definition was approved by publisher",
      "definition" : "The date on which the resource content was approved by the publisher. Approval happens once when the content is officially approved for usage.",
      "comment" : "The 'date' element may be more recent than the approval date because of minor changes or editorial corrections.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.approvalDate",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "date"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.approvalDate"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "objimpl",
        "map" : "no-gen-base"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate",
      "short" : "When the research element definition was last reviewed",
      "definition" : "The date on which the resource content was last reviewed. Review happens periodically after approval but does not change the original approval date.",
      "comment" : "If specified, this date follows the original approval date.",
      "requirements" : "Gives a sense of how \"current\" the content is.  Resources that have not been reviewed in a long time may have a risk of being less appropriate/relevant.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.lastReviewDate",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "date"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.lastReviewDate"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "objimpl",
        "map" : "no-gen-base"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod",
      "short" : "When the research element definition is expected to be used",
      "definition" : "The period during which the research element definition content was or is planned to be in active use.",
      "comment" : "The effective period for a research element definition  determines when the content is applicable for usage and is independent of publication and review dates. For example, a measure intended to be used for the year 2016 might be published in 2015.",
      "requirements" : "Allows establishing a transition before a resource comes into effect and also allows for a sunsetting  process when new versions of the research element definition are or are expected to be used instead.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.effectivePeriod",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "Period"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "workflow",
        "map" : "Definition.effectivePeriod"
      },
      {
        "identity" : "objimpl",
        "map" : "no-gen-base"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.topic",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.topic",
      "short" : "The category of the ResearchElementDefinition, such as Education, Treatment, Assessment, etc.",
      "definition" : "Descriptive topics related to the content of the ResearchElementDefinition. Topics provide a high-level categorization grouping types of ResearchElementDefinitions that can be useful for filtering and searching.",
      "requirements" : "Repositories must be able to determine how to categorize the ResearchElementDefinition so that it can be found by topical searches.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.topic",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "CodeableConcept"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "binding" : {
        "extension" : [{
          "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName",
          "valueString" : "DefinitionTopic"
        }],
        "strength" : "example",
        "description" : "High-level categorization of the definition, used for searching, sorting, and filtering.",
        "valueSet" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/definition-topic"
      }
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.author",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.author",
      "short" : "Who authored the content",
      "definition" : "An individiual or organization primarily involved in the creation and maintenance of the content.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.author",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "ContactDetail"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "rim",
        "map" : ".participation[typeCode=AUT]"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.editor",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.editor",
      "short" : "Who edited the content",
      "definition" : "An individual or organization primarily responsible for internal coherence of the content.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.editor",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "ContactDetail"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer",
      "short" : "Who reviewed the content",
      "definition" : "An individual or organization primarily responsible for review of some aspect of the content.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.reviewer",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "ContactDetail"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "rim",
        "map" : ".participation[typeCode=VRF] {not clear whether VRF best corresponds to reviewer or endorser}"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.endorser",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.endorser",
      "short" : "Who endorsed the content",
      "definition" : "An individual or organization responsible for officially endorsing the content for use in some setting.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.endorser",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "ContactDetail"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "rim",
        "map" : ".participation[typeCode=VRF] {not clear whether VRF best corresponds to reviewer or endorser}"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact",
      "short" : "Additional documentation, citations, etc.",
      "definition" : "Related artifacts such as additional documentation, justification, or bibliographic references.",
      "comment" : "Each related artifact is either an attachment, or a reference to another resource, but not both.",
      "requirements" : "ResearchElementDefinitions must be able to provide enough information for consumers of the content (and/or interventions or results produced by the content) to be able to determine and understand the justification for and evidence in support of the content.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.relatedArtifact",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "RelatedArtifact"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.library",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.library",
      "short" : "Logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition",
      "definition" : "A reference to a Library resource containing the formal logic used by the ResearchElementDefinition.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.library",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "canonical",
        "targetProfile" : ["http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Library"]
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.type",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.type",
      "short" : "population | exposure | outcome",
      "definition" : "The type of research element, a population, an exposure, or an outcome.",
      "min" : 1,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.type",
        "min" : 1,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "code"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true,
      "binding" : {
        "extension" : [{
          "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName",
          "valueString" : "ResearchElementType"
        }],
        "strength" : "required",
        "description" : "The possible types of research elements (E.g. Population, Exposure, Outcome).",
        "valueSet" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/research-element-type|4.0.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.variableType",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.variableType",
      "short" : "dichotomous | continuous | descriptive",
      "definition" : "The type of the outcome (e.g. Dichotomous, Continuous, or Descriptive).",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.variableType",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "code"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "binding" : {
        "extension" : [{
          "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName",
          "valueString" : "VariableType"
        }],
        "strength" : "required",
        "description" : "The possible types of variables for exposures or outcomes (E.g. Dichotomous, Continuous, Descriptive).",
        "valueSet" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/variable-type|4.0.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic",
      "short" : "What defines the members of the research element",
      "definition" : "A characteristic that defines the members of the research element. Multiple characteristics are applied with \"and\" semantics.",
      "comment" : "Characteristics can be defined flexibly to accommodate different use cases for membership criteria, ranging from simple codes, all the way to using an expression language to express the criteria.",
      "min" : 1,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic",
        "min" : 1,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "BackboneElement"
      }],
      "constraint" : [{
        "key" : "ele-1",
        "severity" : "error",
        "human" : "All FHIR elements must have a @value or children",
        "expression" : "hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())",
        "xpath" : "@value|f:*|h:div",
        "source" : "Element"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.id",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.id",
      "representation" : ["xmlAttr"],
      "short" : "Unique id for inter-element referencing",
      "definition" : "Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "Element.id",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "string"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "rim",
        "map" : "n/a"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.extension",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.extension",
      "short" : "Additional content defined by implementations",
      "definition" : "May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.",
      "comment" : "There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.",
      "alias" : ["extensions",
      "user content"],
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "Element.extension",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "Extension"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "rim",
        "map" : "n/a"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.modifierExtension",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.modifierExtension",
      "short" : "Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized",
      "definition" : "May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.\n\nModifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).",
      "comment" : "There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.",
      "requirements" : "Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](extensibility.html#modifierExtension).",
      "alias" : ["extensions",
      "user content",
      "modifiers"],
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "BackboneElement.modifierExtension",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "Extension"
      }],
      "isModifier" : true,
      "isModifierReason" : "Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them",
      "isSummary" : true,
      "mapping" : [{
        "identity" : "rim",
        "map" : "N/A"
      }]
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]",
      "short" : "What code or expression defines members?",
      "definition" : "Define members of the research element using Codes (such as condition, medication, or observation), Expressions ( using an expression language such as FHIRPath or CQL) or DataRequirements (such as Diabetes diagnosis onset in the last year).",
      "requirements" : "Need to be able to define members in simple codes when the membership aligns well with terminology, with common criteria such as observations in a value set or lab tests within a year, or with expression language to support criteria that do not fit in the above.",
      "min" : 1,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.definition[x]",
        "min" : 1,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "CodeableConcept"
      },
      {
        "code" : "canonical",
        "targetProfile" : ["http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ValueSet"]
      },
      {
        "code" : "Expression"
      },
      {
        "code" : "DataRequirement"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : true
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext",
      "short" : "What code/value pairs define members?",
      "definition" : "Use UsageContext to define the members of the population, such as Age Ranges, Genders, Settings.",
      "requirements" : "Need to be able to define members more structurally when more information can be communicated such as age range.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "*",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.usageContext",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "*"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "UsageContext"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude",
      "short" : "Whether the characteristic includes or excludes members",
      "definition" : "When true, members with this characteristic are excluded from the element.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.exclude",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "boolean"
      }],
      "meaningWhenMissing" : "False",
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure",
      "short" : "What unit is the outcome described in?",
      "definition" : "Specifies the UCUM unit for the outcome.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.unitOfMeasure",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "CodeableConcept"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "binding" : {
        "extension" : [{
          "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName",
          "valueString" : "UCUMUnits"
        }],
        "strength" : "required",
        "description" : "Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).",
        "valueSet" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-units|4.0.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription",
      "short" : "What time period does the study cover",
      "definition" : "A narrative description of the time period the study covers.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveDescription",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "string"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]",
      "short" : "What time period does the study cover",
      "definition" : "Indicates what effective period the study covers.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffective[x]",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "dateTime"
      },
      {
        "code" : "Period"
      },
      {
        "code" : "Duration"
      },
      {
        "code" : "Timing"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart",
      "short" : "Observation time from study start",
      "definition" : "Indicates duration from the study initiation.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveTimeFromStart",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "Duration"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure",
      "short" : "mean | median | mean-of-mean | mean-of-median | median-of-mean | median-of-median",
      "definition" : "Indicates how elements are aggregated within the study effective period.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.studyEffectiveGroupMeasure",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "code"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false,
      "binding" : {
        "extension" : [{
          "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName",
          "valueString" : "GroupMeasure"
        }],
        "strength" : "required",
        "description" : "Possible group measure aggregates (E.g. Mean, Median).",
        "valueSet" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-measure|4.0.0"
      }
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription",
      "short" : "What time period do participants cover",
      "definition" : "A narrative description of the time period the study covers.",
      "min" : 0,
      "max" : "1",
      "base" : {
        "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffectiveDescription",
        "min" : 0,
        "max" : "1"
      },
      "type" : [{
        "code" : "string"
      }],
      "isModifier" : false,
      "isSummary" : false
    },
    {
      "id" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x]",
      "path" : "ResearchElementDefinition.characteristic.participantEffective[x]",
      "short" : "What