FEVER

An MTEB dataset

Massive Text Embedding Benchmark

FEVER (Fact Extraction and VERification) consists of 185,445 claims generated by altering sentences extracted from Wikipedia and subsequently verified without knowledge of the sentence they were derived from.

Task category	t2t
Domains	Encyclopaedic, Written
Reference	https://fever.ai/

How to evaluate on this task

You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:

import mteb

task = mteb.get_tasks(["FEVER"])
evaluator = mteb.MTEB(task)

model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
evaluator.run(model)

To learn more about how to run models on mteb task check out the GitHub repitory.

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.

@inproceedings{thorne-etal-2018-fever,
  abstract = {In this paper we introduce a new publicly available dataset for verification against textual sources, FEVER: Fact Extraction and VERification. It consists of 185,445 claims generated by altering sentences extracted from Wikipedia and subsequently verified without knowledge of the sentence they were derived from. The claims are classified as Supported, Refuted or NotEnoughInfo by annotators achieving 0.6841 in Fleiss kappa. For the first two classes, the annotators also recorded the sentence(s) forming the necessary evidence for their judgment. To characterize the challenge of the dataset presented, we develop a pipeline approach and compare it to suitably designed oracles. The best accuracy we achieve on labeling a claim accompanied by the correct evidence is 31.87{\%}, while if we ignore the evidence we achieve 50.91{\%}. Thus we believe that FEVER is a challenging testbed that will help stimulate progress on claim verification against textual sources.},
  address = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
  author = {Thorne, James  and
Vlachos, Andreas  and
Christodoulopoulos, Christos  and
Mittal, Arpit},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/N18-1074},
  editor = {Walker, Marilyn  and
Ji, Heng  and
Stent, Amanda},
  month = jun,
  pages = {809--819},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  title = {{FEVER}: a Large-scale Dataset for Fact Extraction and {VER}ification},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/N18-1074},
  year = {2018},
}


@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
  title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
  author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
  year={2025},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}

@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
  author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Lo{\"\i}c and Reimers, Nils},
  title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
  year = {2022}
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}

Dataset Statistics

Dataset Statistics

The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:

import mteb

task = mteb.get_task("FEVER")

desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats

{
    "test": {
        "num_samples": 5423234,
        "number_of_characters": 2921128337,
        "num_documents": 5416568,
        "min_document_length": 2,
        "average_document_length": 539.2340070317589,
        "max_document_length": 374597,
        "unique_documents": 5416568,
        "num_queries": 6666,
        "min_query_length": 14,
        "average_query_length": 49.60546054605461,
        "max_query_length": 189,
        "unique_queries": 6666,
        "none_queries": 0,
        "num_relevant_docs": 7937,
        "min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
        "average_relevant_docs_per_query": 1.1906690669066906,
        "max_relevant_docs_per_query": 15,
        "unique_relevant_docs": 1499,
        "num_instructions": null,
        "min_instruction_length": null,
        "average_instruction_length": null,
        "max_instruction_length": null,
        "unique_instructions": null,
        "num_top_ranked": null,
        "min_top_ranked_per_query": null,
        "average_top_ranked_per_query": null,
        "max_top_ranked_per_query": null
    }
}

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This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB