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Kehrenbach may refer to: * Kehrenbach, Melsungen, a district of the town Melsungen in Hesse, Germany * Kehrenbach (Fulda), a river of Hesse, Germany, tributary of the Fulda
Paquette is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * B. P. Paquette, Canadian film director, screenwriter, producer and academic * Brad Paquette, American politician * Cedric Paquette, Canadian hockey player * Craig Paquette, American baseball player * Gilbert Paquette (born 1942), Canadian politician * Gordon Paquette (1916–1995), American politician * Karl Paquette, étoile at the Ballet de l'Opéra National de Paris * Kathleen Paquette, American politician * Leo Paquette, American chemist * Pierre A. Paquette, Canadian politician * Renee Paquette, Canadian TV personality currently with All Elite Wrestling, known as Renee Young during her tenure with WWE * Robert Paquette, Canadian singer-songwriter * Robert L. Paquette, (born 1951), American historian * Stéphane Paquette, Canadian singer-songwriter * Yanick Paquette, American illustrator * Paquette, a character in Voltaire's novel Candide * Natalie "Wattson" Paquette, a character in Respawn Entertainment's Apex Legends. * Paquet
David Keith Robin Gerrard (born 15 June 1939) is an Anglican priest: he was the Archdeacon of Wandsworth from 1989 to 2004. Gerrard was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford and St Edmund Hall, Oxford. He held curacies at St Olave, Woodberry Down and St Mary, Primrose Hill followed by incumbencies at St Paul, Lorrimore Square then St Andrew and St Mark, Surbiton. He was Rural Dean of Kingston upon Thames from 1983 to 1988.
Academy of Applied Arts (abbreviated AAA) is a single subject applied arts school specializing in interior design and its faculties. It is Headquartered at New Delhi and was founded in 2010. The Academy of Applied Arts is recognized by the NIESBUD (National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development), an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India. The Academy of Applied Arts offers multiple options for courses in interior design which can be taken online or on campus. The Academy has 3 campuses in NCR at Ring Road Lajpat Nagar, YWCA (Dwarka), & Mewar University (Ghaziabad). The institute was established in 2010. The institute offers courses both at graduate and postgraduate levels on Campus and Virtual Learning options. * List of institutions of higher education in Delhi
East Orange High School was a comprehensive community public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from 1891 to 2002 in East Orange, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. For most of its existence, the school operated as one of the two secondary schools of the East Orange School District. The original East Orange High School building, facing Winans Street, opened to students in 1891. An addition on Walnut Street was added in 1953. The school was closed when East Orange Campus High School opened in 2002, combining both East Orange High School and Clifford Scott High School. Demolition of the old high school began in 2005. In 1933, African American student and future civil rights activist Robert L. Carter staged a protest against an official school policy that restricted black students to using the school's pool on Fridays after the school had closed, with male and female students segregated by gender, after which the pool would be emptied, cleaned out and refilled with water before the start of the next school week. Having read that the New Jersey Supreme Court banned the practice of racial segregation, and despite threats of expulsion from teachers and his inability to swim, Carter entered the pool with fellow white students during times when access to the pool was forbidden to black students, ultimately leading the district to close the pool. While serving in New Jersey General Assembly from 1964 to 1972, Kenneth T. Wilson was also employed as a teacher at East Orange High School, where he taught civics and American history. In September 2009, a new $143 million, 309000 sqft facility opened on the former East Orange High School site. This school consisting of an elementary school and middle/high school, the new Cicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts was among the largest and most technologically advanced schools ever built in the state of New Jersey, with extensive performing arts facilities which meet or exceed the highest professional standards. In 1896, East Orange was one of the founding member schools of the New Jersey Interscholastic Athletic Association, the state's first athletic conference; created and operated by students, the conference consisted of nine public and private high schools located across the state, competing in track and field, football and tennis. Begun in 1897, East Orange had an annual Thanksgiving Day football rivalry with Barringer High School that had been the nation's longest-running continuous rivalry, played for 91 consecutive years until 2006, when scheduling conflicts interfered with the annual tradition; traditionally, the Left-Footed Kicker trophy is awarded to the winning team, with games attracting as many as 13,000 fans until the 1970s, when both teams saw their football programs deteriorate. In March 1930, Gordon Chalmers won the title in the 100-yard backstroke at the national interscholastic aquatic champions at Columbia University, leading East Orange High School to a second-place team finish. The boys' basketball team won the Group IV state championship in 1940 vs. West New York Memorial High School, in 1969 vs. Perth Amboy High School and in 1974 vs. Neptune High School, and won the Group III title in 1972 vs. Lakewood High School, in 1973 vs. Northern Burlington County Regional High School and 1976 vs. Woodrow Wilson High School. The girls' basketball team won the Group IV state championship in 1980 vs. Atlantic City High School. The 1968 team won the Group IV state title with a 74–56 victory against a Perth Amboy High School team led by future NBA player Brian Taylor. * John Amos (1939–2024, class of 1958), actor who played James Evans Sr. on the 1970s television series Good Times * Betty Bronson (1906–1971), television and film actress who began her career during the silent film era after leaving school to benefit her film career * Tyrone Brown (born 1942, class of 1960), attorney, Commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission * Herbert Brucker (1898–1977), journalist, teacher, and national advocate for the freedom of the press, who served as editor-in-chief of the Hartford Courant * Stephanie R. Bush (born 1953), attorney and politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 27th district from 1988 to 1992 * Robert L. Carter (1917–2012, class of 1933), lawyer, civil rights activist and a United States district judge * Gordon Chalmers (1911–2000), swimmer who competed in the men's 100 metre backstroke at the 1932 Summer Olympics * Margaret Clapp (1910–1974, class of 1926), scholar and educator, who served as eighth president of Wellesley College * Freeman Craw (1917–2017), typeface designer * Chris Fletcher (born 1948), safety who played for the San Diego Chargers during his seven-year NFL career * Harold Geiger (1884–1927), US military aviator number 6, who was killed in an airplane crash in 1927 * Constance W. Hand (1895–1982), politician who served six terms in the New Jersey General Assembly * Ann Harding (1902–1981), actress who was nominated for an Academy Award for the film Holiday * Balozi Harvey (1940-2016, class of 1957). diplomat and community organizer * Chris Jones (born 1964), American football center who played one season in the NFL with the New York Giants * Leander Knight (born 1963), former American football defensive back who played for the Atlanta Falcons, New York Jets and Houston Oilers * Naomi Long Madgett (1923–2020), poet * Evelyn Groesbeeck Mitchell (1879–1964), entomologist and physician * Teana Muldrow (born 1995), professional basketball player who has played in the WNBA for the Seattle Storm and Dallas Wings * C. Milford Orben (1895–1975), politician who served five terms in the New Jersey General Assembly * Eddie Rabbitt (1941–1998), country music singer-songwriter who dropped out to head to Nashville * C. Thomas Schettino (1907–1983), Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1959 to 1972 * George Tully (1904–1980), American football end who played one season in the NFL with the Frankford Yellow Jackets * Dionne Warwick (born 1940, class of 1959), singer, actress and TV-show host, who became a United Nations Global Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization
Alf Scott-Hansen (10 November 1870 – 16 September 1936) was a Norwegian engineer and civil servant. He was born in Leith, Scotland as a son of priest in the Norwegian Church Abroad (Sjømannskirken), Andreas Michael Hansen (1834–1901) and Simonine Stephansen (1840–1925). He was a brother of Commander Sigurd Scott-Hansen. He was a first cousin of Sam Eyde on the maternal side. In 1898 he married consul's daughter Lalla Wiborg (1869-1953). They had the son Alf Scott-Hansen (1903–1961), a film director who was once married to actress and singer, Wenche Foss (1917-2011). He finished his secondary education in 1888, and graduated from the Dresden University of Technology in 1903. Before graduating he had been hired in the Norwegian Public Roads Administration in 1893, State Port Authority (Statens Havnevesen) later in 1893, then Sam Eyde's company Gleim & Eyde in 1897 before he became subdirector in Norges Oplysningskontor for Næringsveiene in 1902. From 1903 to 1905 he was also the vice president of the Norwegian Polytechnic Society. Scott-Hansen was an executive in Norsk Hydro from its start in 1905 until 1920. Here he re-joined Sam Eyde, who served as director-general, the highest executive in Norsk Hydro. After leaving the company, Scott-Hansen was the chief executive of Store Norsk-Franske Kolonikompani for one year, then chief engineer in Statens Havnevesen from 1922 and director from 1925. He chaired the supervisory council of Elektrokemisk and was a supervisory council member of Norsk Hydro, De-No-Fa, Arendals Fossekompani, Arendals Smelteverk and Holmenkolbanen. He was a board member of Frydenlunds Bryggeri, Norges Varemesse, Eksportnæringenes Landsforbund, the Federation of Norwegian Industries and Ingeniørenes Hus, and a construction committee member during the 1914 Jubilee Exhibition in Kristiania. Scott-Hansen was admitted into the exclusive skiing club SK Ull in 1893. He served as deputy chairman from 1912 to 1916, and chairman from 1917 to 1928. He was decorated as a Knight, Second Class of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis. He died in September 1936.
George Fountain Bickford (9 January 1927 – 28 November 2009) was an Australian rules football player. Bickford was a member of the Melbourne premiership team in 1948 and was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne. Bickford served as an ordinary seaman in the Royal Australian Navy during the Second World War. * George Bickford's obituary * DemonWiki profile * DemonWiki profile * DemonWiki profile
This is a list of notable Japanese photographers in alphabetical order by last name. Names on this list are presented in Western name order, with given name first and family name second. * Tadasuke Akiyama * Takashi Amano * Nobuyoshi Araki * Taku Aramasa * Taiji Arita * Masanori Ashida * Ōno Benkichi * Teisuke Chiba * Yasuyoshi Chiba * Ken Domon * Ei-Q * T. Enami * Hakuyō Fuchikami * Atsushi Fujiwara * Mitsutarō Fuku * Katsuji Fukuda * Rosō Fukuhara * Shinzō Fukuhara * Narutoshi Furukawa * Masao Gozu * Kanbei Hanaya * Hisaji Hara * Mikiko Hara * Fuyuki Hattori * Osamu Hayasaki * Tadahiko Hayashi * Takanobu Hayashi * Terushichi Hirai * Horie Kuwajirō * Masao Horino * Tetsuya Ichimura * Seiryū Inoue * Taikichi Irie * Ryuichi Ishikawa * Kei Ito * Yoshihiko Itō * Mitsuaki Iwagō * Takeji Iwamiya * Bishin Jumonji * Tokujirō Kameya * Mari Katayama * Rinko Kawauchi * Seiki Kayamori * Kensuke Kazama * Takashi Kijima * Hiroh Kikai * Shunkichi Kikuchi * Ihei Kimura * Genzō Kitazumi * Meison Kobayashi * Shinichiro Kobayashi * Fusako Kodama * Naonori Kohira * Kiyoshi Koishi * Ryūa Kojima * Akira Komoto * Tomio Kondō * Asahachi Kōno * Motoichi Kumagai * Seiji Kurata * Kusakabe Kimbei * Kineo Kuwabara * Shisei Kuwabara * Genzō Maeda * Shinzo Maeda * Susumu Matsushima * Minoru Minami * Tōyō Miyatake * Yūhi Miyazaki * Aizō Morikawa * Daidō Moriyama * Shigeichi Nagano * Yasushi Nagao * Katsu Naito * Ikkō Narahara * Yōnosuke Natori * Kiyoshi Nishiyama * Tohru Nogami * Kazumasa Ogawa * Seiyo Ogawa * Yoshino Ōishi * Kosuke Okahara * Takashi Okamura * Kōshirō Onchi * Mitsugu Ōnishi * Chizu Ono * Kei Orihara * Akira Satō * Kōji Satō * Tokihiro Satō * Masato Seto * Noriyoshi Shibata * Bukō Shimizu * Tōkoku Shimizu * Kishin Shinoyama * Mieko Shiomi * Issei Suda * Hiroshi Sugimoto * Yoshiyasu Suzuka * Minayoshi Takada * Kaietsu Takagi * Tadashi Takamura * Yutaka Takanashi * Masataka Takayama * Kenzō Tamoto * Kozaburō Tamamura * Akihide Tamura * Sakae Tamura * Sakae Tamura * Shigeru Tamura * Kōtarō Tanaka * Manji Terashima * Toyoko Tokiwa * Shōmei Tōmatsu * Rihei Tomishige * Akira Toriyama * Akito Tsuda * Kuichi Uchida * Shōji Ueda * Noboru Ueki * Hikoma Ueno * Gyokusen Ukai * Kaoru Usui * Ōri Umesaka * Hiroshi Watanabe * Hitomi Watanabe * Kansuke Yamamoto * Hiroshi Yamazaki * Nakaji Yasui * Matsusaburō Yokoyama * Tomizo Yoshikawa * Kohei Yoshiyuki * List of Japanese artists * List of Japanese women photographers * History of photography in Japan
Don Leslie Michael (July 31, 1947 – April 8, 1967) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Vietnam War. Michael joined the Army from Montgomery, Alabama in 1966, and by April 8, 1967, was serving as a Specialist Four in Company C, 4th Battalion, 503d Infantry, 173d Airborne Brigade. On that day, in the Republic of Vietnam, he single-handedly destroyed a Viet Cong bunker and was then mortally wounded while chasing the retreating enemy soldiers. For his actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. Michael, aged 19 at his death, was buried at Mount Pleasant Baptist Church, Lexington, Alabama. Specialist Michael's official Medal of Honor citation reads: "For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Specialist Four Michael, U.S. Army, distinguished himself while serving with Company C. Spec. Michael was part of a platoon which was moving through an area of suspected enemy activity. While the rest of the platoon stopped to provide security, the squad to which Spec. Michael was assigned moved forward to investigate signs of recent enemy activity. After moving approximately 125 meters, the squad encountered a single Viet Cong soldier. When he was fired upon by the squad's machine gunner, other Viet Cong opened fire with automatic weapons from a well-concealed bunker to the squad's right front. The volume of enemy fire was so withering as to pin down the entire squad and halt all forward movement. Realizing the gravity of the situation, Spec. Michael exposed himself to throw 2 grenades, but failed to eliminate the enemy position. From his position on the left flank, Spec. Michael maneuvered forward with 2 more grenades until he was within 20 meters of the enemy bunkers, when he again exposed himself to throw 2 grenades, which failed to detonate. Undaunted, Spec. Michael made his way back to the friendly positions to obtain more grenades. With 2 grenades in hand, he again started his perilous move towards the enemy bunker, which by this time was under intense artillery fire from friendly positions. As he neared the bunker, an enemy soldier attacked him from a concealed position. Spec. Michael killed him with his rifle and, in spite of the enemy fire and the exploding artillery rounds, was successful in destroying the enemy positions. Spec. Michael took up pursuit of the remnants of the retreating enemy. When his comrades reached Spec. Michael, he had been mortally wounded. His inspiring display of determination and courage saved the lives of many of his comrades and successfully eliminated a destructive enemy force. Spec. Michael's actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect the utmost credit upon himself and the U.S. Army." * List of Medal of Honor recipients * List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War
Palatucci is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bill Palatucci (born 1958), American lawyer and political consultant * Giovanni Palatucci (1909–1945), Italian police official
Eastown Theatre was a 2,500-seat theater located at 8041 Harper on the east side of Detroit, Michigan. Opening in 1931, it operated as a movie theater until being converted into a rock music venue in 1967. Performers included Alice Cooper, Emerson, Lake and Palmer, Faces, Fleetwood Mac, Grateful Dead, Steppenwolf, Cream, Pink Floyd, The Amboy Dukes and Yes. Alice Cooper said in 1997 that the Eastown was "the best audience in the world. And I'm not saying that just because you're writing it down. Any other city, people went home from work to put on their Levis and black leather jackets for a concert. In Detroit they came from work like that. The Eastown — those were pure rock 'n' roll times." The building later became home to an adult movie theatre, Detroit Center for the Performing Arts, and then a church before being abandoned in 2004. In the late 1990s the building became a site for raves, before being taken over by a church group. The theater was put up for sale in 2004, reduced in price in 2009, and later abandoned. A fire in 2010 destroyed most of the building, and an emergency demolition order was put on the building in 2015. It was eventually demolished in November 2015.
MV Doña Marilyn was a Philippine inter-island ferry owned and operated by Sulpicio Lines, Inc. Built in Japan as the Otohime Maru in 1966, it was purchased by Sulpicio Lines in 1976 and renamed the MV Doña Ana, it suffered a fire in October 8th, 1978 and underwent refitting, being put back on service as the MV Doña Marilyn. In the afternoon of October 24, 1988, while sailing from Manila to Tacloban City, the vessel was caught up in Typhoon Ruby and sank near Higatangan (or Gigatangan) Island, Biliran, leaving approximately 400 dead or missing. Survivors numbered at least 181. Doña Marilyn was a sister ship of the ill-fated MV Doña Paz, which had sunk a year earlier in the deadliest ever peace-time maritime disaster. The MV Doña Marilyn left Manila on October 23, 1988, at 10 am, heading for Tacloban City in Eastern Visayas. At least 511 people were on board the ship when it left the city, including the ship's complement. According to Vicente Gambito, Vice President of Sulpicio Lines, there were a total of 421 passengers. The ship's captain, Eliodoro Salgado Jr., had been with Sulpicio Lines for five months when he commanded the MV Doña Marilyn on October 23. On October 24 at 2:14 am, Capt. Salgado sent a message to the coastal station of Sulpicio Lines in Manila about the large waves encountered by the ship, with him deciding to slow down the engine. At 7:28 am, Salgado had the engines stopped due to "very strong winds and big waves". Nearly an hour later, the captain informed the station that he decided to reverse course and head toward the North Gigantes island for safety, while adding that the vessel was expected to arrive at Tacloban around 8 pm later that day. At 1:30 pm, the Doña Marilyn radioed a distress signal off of Tanguingui Island, earlier reported as Manoc-Manoc island, close to Masbate, which was the last signal from the ferry received by the station according to military officials. Due to strong winds and giant waves caused by Typhoon Ruby, locally known as Typhoon Unsang, the ship capsized at around 2 pm. According to survivors, Captain Salgado told them to pray the rosary before he jumped ship, but he eventually became missing. Many who survived were easily spotted by rescuers due to their life jackets, while others were saved by fishermen passing by. Some survivors were robbed by bandits with motorized canoes. One survivor, the ship's purser Kerwin Lim, reached the shore of Almagro Island after nearly a day at sea, but was later found robbed and murdered with red marks on his neck. During the Senate's inquiry into the disaster, evidence such as the logbook of Sulpicio Lines was presented. Senator John Osmeña argued that because the shipping line and the Coast Guard knew about a typhoon nearing Tacloban from PAGASA, they should have been able to advise Captain Salgado to turn away from its destination before the typhoon reached Signal No. 3. On October 31, Corazon Alma de Leon from the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) stated that Sulpicio Lines had agreed to provide ₱50,000 to each of the families of those who perished. Two days later, after Transportation and Communications Secretary Rainerio Reyes met with President Corazon Aquino, Reyes announced an indefinite suspension of all ferries operated by Sulpicio Lines from leaving their respective ports. Sulpicio Lines defied the order and continued operating, demanding a formal order be given to them before they suspend ferry operations. Eventually, an inter-agency committee was formed on November 5 to inspect all commercial Philippine vessels, and on the same day grounded all ships of Sulpicio Lines as it inspected the line's MV Cotabato Princesa ferry. A few days after the committee was formed, the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) suspended 14 further cargo and passenger vessels after inspecting 216 of them across the country due to malfunctioning navigational and communication facilities, so as to heighten standards for sea faring vessels after the Doña Marilyn incident. The wreck of Doña Marilyn was first sighted by a fisherman named Bonifacio Rodrigo, who reportedly saw the sunken vessel on November 10 while he was diving in an area near Manoc-manoc Island, also known as La Manok Island. Three weeks after the ship's sinking, Eliodoro Salgado Sr., the father of Capt. Salgado, offered to help the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) under Ramon Barrot in finding his son, who at the time was reportedly hiding in Maripipi Island in the province of Biliran. Some survivors such as Alex Moron Jr. claimed seeing him board a life raft after he abandoned ship. Soon after, NBI senior agent Zosimo Pebrero confirmed Capt. Salgado's presence in Barangay Ol-og, Maripipi, and a monetary reward of ₱50,000 was set for whoever was able to capture him. According to Speaker Pro Tempore Antonio Cuenco who was leading the search for Salgado, barangay officials refused to cooperate with NBI officials when they arrived on the island, and stated that he could be compelled to request for their arrests if necessary. The wreck of the ship lies off the island of Malapascua, where it has been made into a diving attraction. It's been reported that the wreck site has had some of its features missing due to illegal salvaging for scrap metal selling. There were conflicting reports on the exact number of survivors of the disaster; Martinia Mercado of the DSWD reported 181, while Reuters reported that at least 205 survived. Vicente Gambito, Sulpicio Lines Vice President, placed the figure at 197. According to Gambito, 46 of the survivors were not on the ship's manifest, while Lynette Ordoñez of the Manila Standard stated it was at least 101. The Doña Marilyn Survivors Association was established after the incident, with Alex Moron Jr. as its president. * List of maritime disasters involving the Philippine Span Asia Carrier Corporation * List of maritime disasters in the Philippines * MV Doña Paz * MV Princess of the Orient * MV Princess of the Stars
Randall Roth is a former law professor at the William S. Richardson School of Law at University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and a trusts and estates expert. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin identified him as one of the "100 Who Made A Difference" in the state since statehood, and Honolulu Magazine recognized his work, specifically on Broken Trust, as one of the "50 turning points" in the state's history. Born in Ellinwood, Kansas, Roth graduated with a B.S. in economics and accounting from Regis University in Denver, Colorado in 1970. He later earned his Juris Doctor from University of Denver College of Law in 1974 and his LLM from University of Miami School of Law in 1975. In 1982, he moved to Hawaii, where he has lived since. Roth is married to his wife, Susan, and they have four children. Roth has both written and consulted on legal issues concerning trusts and estates. In 2011, he was the legal advisor for The Descendants, consulting on such issues. Starring George Clooney as Matt King, a Honolulu-based lawyer and the sole trustee of a family trust that controls 25,000 acres of pristine land on the island of Kaua'i, the film forces King to confront the realities of balancing the family's long-held interest in protecting the land with selling it to a developer. In 1992 and 1993, Roth co-authored a series of best-selling books called The Price of Paradise. In them, he coined the term "Paradise Tax," a term now widely used to denote the differential in the cost of living in the United States Mainland versus Hawaii. He attributed the "Paradise Tax" to multiple factors including differences in regulation, land use, land availability, and shipping costs. * Further Information: Kamehameha Schools Controversies In 2006, Broken Trust: Greed, Mismanagement and Political Manipulation at America's Largest Charitable Trust, co-authored by Roth and Samuel Pailthorpe King, a Judge for United States District Court for the District of Hawaii, chronicled the controversies that had enveloped Hawaii's Bishop Estate, one of the nation's largest trusts, estimated to be valued by the Wall Street Journal at nearly $10 billion. Established by the Hawaiian Princess, Bernice Pauahi Bishop, in a trust before her death in 1884, the Estate was entrusted with running Kamehameha Schools, a private college preparatory school dedicated to educating Native Hawaiian youth. In the best-seller, he exposed how the Estate had been corrupted by the state's political apparatus and its trustees for their personal use at the expense of Kamehameha; a group of trustees who included, among others, Hawaii Supreme Court justices and prominent politicians; trustees were earning salaries of nearly $950,000 for their work as such. * Randall Roth * Broken Trust
The 2011 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 6 June 2011. The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour. * Rosemary Anne Horton – of Auckland. For services to philanthropy. * Katerina Te Heikoko Mataira – of Hamilton. For services to the Māori language. <section begin=KNZM /> <section end=KNZM /> * David John Graham – of Auckland. For services to education and sport. * The Honourable Justice Robert Grant Hammond – of Wellington. For services to the law. * Graeme Thomas Harrison – of Wellington. For services to business. * Daniel Patrick Higgins – of Palmerston North. For services to philanthropy and the community. * James Hay Wallace – of Auckland. For services to the arts. * The Honourable John Archibald Banks – of Auckland. For services to local-body affairs. * Howard George Broad – of Wellington. For services as Commissioner of Police. * Herbert John Te Kauru Clarke – of Lower Hutt. For services to Māori. * Matteo de Nora – of Monaco. For services to yachting and medicine. * Christopher Keith Doig – of Christchurch. For services to the arts and sport. * Kenneth Mark Ford – of Auckland. For services to local government. * Margaret Phyllis Elsie Horsburgh – of Auckland. For services to health. * Roger Lawrence Kerr – of Wellington. For services to business. * Boudewijn Huibrecht Klap (Boyd Klap) – of Wellington. For services to business and the community. * Derek Te Ariki Te Whetu Takatahi Morehu – of Rotorua. For services to Māori. * Christopher Wilton Parkin – of Wellington. For services to business and the arts. * Kerry Leigh Prendergast – of Wellington. For services to local-body affairs. * William Newton Sheat – of Lower Hutt. For services to the arts. * Professor Warren Perry Tate – of Kaikorai. For services to science. * John Henry Whitehead – of Wellington. For services as secretary to the Treasury. * Honorary * Richard Lee Armitage – of Vienna, Virginia, United States of America. For services to New Zealand–United States of America relations. * Ruth Ellina Aitken – of Paeroa. For services to netball. * Professor Emeritus Martin Hugh Devlin – of Waikanae. For services to education. * Catherine Moana Dewes – of Rotorua. For services to Māori. * Robert Anthony Fisher – of Auckland. For services to sport. * Stephen Paul Fleming – of Wellington. For services to cricket. * Dr Peter James Gow – of Auckland. For services to health. * John Allan Clinton Hattie – of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. For services to education. * Dr John Stephen Hellstrom – of Picton. For services to biosecurity. * Diedre Allison Irons – of Wellington. For services to music * Judith Mary Kirk – of Taupō. For services to the community. * Dr Jack Neville Parle – of Hamilton. For services to agricultural science. * Professor Ronald James Paterson – of Auckland. For services to health. * Nolan Tariho Rimitiriu Raihania – of Tokomaru Bay. For services to Māori. * Dr Roland Elliston Rowland – of Palmerston North. For services to genetic research. * Professor Swee Thong Tan – of Wellington. For services to medicine. * John Frederick Turner – of Lumsden. For services to the meat industry. * Daniel Luca Vettori – of Auckland. For services to cricket. * Rea Geoffrey Wikaira – of Auckland. For services to health administration. * Casey Williams – of Hamilton. For services to netball. * Therese Ann Angelo – of Christchurch. For services to museums. * Ratapu Hori Te Awa – of Huntly. For services to Māori. * Roka Hurihia Cameron – of Ōpōtiki. For services to Māori. * Sean Pero MacPherson Cameron – of Pacific Pines, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. For services to basketball. * James Clovis Clad – of Washington, D.C., United States of America. For services to New Zealand–United States of America relations. * Barry George Cleal – of Auckland. For services to rowing. * William John Cyrus Dooley – of Oamaru. For services to the restoration of historic buildings. * Robyn May Duncan – of Feilding. For services to youth. * Brian Paul Ellis – of Auckland. For services to the music industry. * Mark Christopher Farnsworth – of Mangawhai. For services to the community. * Kenneth James Gilligan – of Napier. For services to business. * Ngaire Anne Guy – of Tauranga. For service to music. * Adam James Hall – of Dunedin. For services to sport. * Jenny Gwynndd Harper – of Christchurch. For services to the arts. * David Harold Ward Hartnell – of Auckland. For services to entertainment. * Richard Bruce Hawke – of Christchurch. For services to pipe bands. * John Langley Hawkesby – of Auckland. For services to broadcasting and the community. * Dr Rodger William Hilliker – of Temuka. For services as a general practitioner. * Peter Malcolm Jackson – of Kaitaia. For services to journalism. * Dr Guy Elwyn Jansen – of Porirua. For services to music. * Gregory Kenneth Jenks – of Tauranga. For services to conservation. * Michael Johnson – of Auckland. For services to Paralympic sport. * Josephine Tui Faith Karanga – of Whakatāne. For services to Māori. * Jason Mark Kerrison – of Auckland. For services to music. * Jennifer Cheryl King – of Wellington. For services to the Asian community. * Sionepaea Kumitau – of Auckland. For services to the Niuean community. * James Robert Law – of Featherston. For services to the community. * Daphne Tania Luke – of Ōtaki. For services to business and the community. * Alfred Lewis McIvor – of Christchurch. For services to diabetes research. * Leonard James Murray – of Bronte, New South Wales, Australia. For services to tourism. * Keith James Neylon – of Invercargill. For services to agriculture. * Diana Elizabeth Parkes – of Lower Hutt. For services to textile art. * Valentino Pereira – of Wellington. For services to the Pacific community. * Kuini Moehau Reedy – of Gisborne. For services to Māori. * Nonnita Margaret Rees – of Wellington. For services to the arts. * John Cecil Roadley – of Blenheim. For services to the dairy industry. * Sister Marie Elizabeth Roche – of Upper Hutt. For services to the community * Ann Mary Ruth – of London, United Kingdom. For services to drama. * Allan Arrol Scott – of Blenheim. For services to viticulture. * Lois Ann Scott – of Dunedin. For services to the community. * Dr Kantha Madhavji Soni – of Auckland. For services to medicine and the community. * Ivan Carl Sutherland – of Blenheim. For services to rowing and viticulture. * Roger Neil Taylor – of Nelson. For services to the arts. * Isabella Huihana Tedcastle – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Jonathan Robert White – of Whakatāne. For services to the arts and the community. * Jo-anne Edna Mary Wilkinson – of Leigh. For services to youth. * Steven Wai Cheung Wong – of Auckland. For services to the Chinese community. * Laurence Edward Zwimpfer – of Wellington. For services to information technology. * Dr Kelvin Raymond Berryman – of Plimmerton. For services to science. * Dr Paul Garth Livingstone – of Wellington. For services to veterinary science. * Carol Anne Moffatt – of Kaiapoi. For services to education. * Judge Paul von Dadelszen – of Havelock North. For services to the Family Court. * David Page Adamson – of Invercargill. For services to the New Zealand Fire Service. * John Antony – of Auckland. For services to musical theatre. * Irene Rosslyn Barnes – of Manapouri. For services to the community. * William David Bevan – of Porirua. For services to the community. * Audrey Maud Bevege – of Te Kūiti. For services to the community. * Senior Sergeant Kevin Joseph Brennan – of Auckland. For services to the New Zealand Police. * George Brown – of Invercargill. For services to the community. * Dorothy Ellen Burley – of Upper Hutt. For services to the community. * Grace Byers – of Te Aroha. For services to the community. * Amanda Catherine Calder – of Wellington. For services to the community. * Douglas John Joseph Clemens – of Rotorua. For services to the community. * Janet Elizabeth Colby – of Auckland. For services to health. * Henry William Cranefield – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Glenis Margaret Crutchley – of Ranfurly. For services to the community. * Yvonne June Dasler – of Blenheim. For services to the community. * James Greer Dickson – of Christchurch. For services to the New Zealand Customs Service. * Michael Terence Dwyer – of Wellington. For services to Māori and the community. * Urikore Julie Anne Dwyer – of Wellington. For services to Māori and the community. * Doreen Ngawai Erueti – of New Plymouth. For services to Māori. * Gweneth Pauline Fairbrother – of Dannevirke. For services to the community. * Peter Morton Franks – of Gisborne. For services to the community. * Murray Stanley Gane – of Te Awamutu. For services to the New Zealand Fire Service. * Richard William Glover – of Gisborne. For services to surf life saving and the community. * Barry John Haddock – of Auckland. For services to education. * Stephen Hugh Staples Hamilton – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Ethne Elna Hanna – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Ross Leslie Hanna – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Vaiopuaa Faletoi Harris – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Milton Mansfield McElroy Hollard – of Wellington. For services to the House of Representatives. * Chief Fire Officer Raymond George Clarence Huxford – of Feilding. For services to the New Zealand Fire Service. * Henare Ngaera Keefe – of Hastings. For services to Māori and the community. * Emma Kesha – of Dunedin. For services to the Pacific community. * Youn Soo Lee – of Christchurch. For services to the Korean community. * Tom Kwok Hing Leong – of Auckland. For services to the electrical industry. * Violet Naomi Lynch – of Gore. For services to netball. * Barbara Dawn Mahutonga – of New Plymouth. For services to early childhood education. * Anita Mansell – of Lower Hutt. For services to the Filipino community. * Rupene Mare – of Kaitaia. For services to Māori and the community. * Carol Eileen Marshall – of Tūrangi. For services to early childhood education. * John Barry Massam – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Heneriata Maxwell – of Lower Hutt. For services to Te Kōhanga Reo. * Laurence Augustine McEntee – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Roderick Tomas McKenzie – of Masterton. For services to local body affairs and the community. * Timothy Michael Metcalfe – of Wanganui. For services to the community. * Ian Alexander Munro – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Wiremu Te Pania Nathan – of Kaitaia. For services to the community. * Grant William Maurice Nelson – of Christchurch. For services to philanthropy. * Marilyn Ann Nelson – of Christchurch. For services to philanthropy. * Peter Laurence Oldham – of Waimamaku. For services to the community. * Susan Jane Page – of Napier. For services to the community. * Brian Joseph Palmer – of Tauranga. For services to search and rescue. * Margaret Ethel Rex-Benner – of Tauranga. For services to the community. * Jennifer Ann Roper – of Wairoa. For services to the community * Harkrishen Singh – of Hamilton. For services to the Indian community. * Manjit Singh – of Auckland. For services to the Indian community. * Sergeant Richard George Spendelow – of Auckland. For services to the New Zealand Police. * Mary Rose Sturgeon – of Runanga. For services to the community. * Parakash Chandar Sund – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Tahi Takao – of Motueka. For services to Māori. * Desmond Walter Templeton – of Riverton. For services to flax-milling heritage. * Anita Po-Chu Thirtle, JP – of Wanganui. For services to the Chinese community. * Henry George Raymond Tolley – of Masterton. For services to the community. * Hana Espie Tukukino – of Benowa, Queensland, Australia. For services to Māori. * Watene Waara Tukukino – of Benowa, Queensland, Australia. For services to Māori. * Frank Stewart Vosper – of Tauranga. For services to the community. * Te Waikaretu Wickliffe – of Kawerau. For services to Māori. * Eruera Wiki Wikiriwhi – of Tokoroa. For services to Māori. * Pamela Ann Wilson – of Mangakino. For services to the community. * Wallace Andrew Wilson – of Christchurch. For services to surf life saving and rugby league. * Mary Isabel Yearbury – of Auckland. For services to the community. * Senior Station Officer Ivan John Young – of Napier. For services to the New Zealand Fire Service. * Margaret Carole Young – of Ōpōtiki. For services to the community. * Lieutenant Colonel Christopher John Parsons – New Zealand Special Air Service. * Warrant Officer Class 1 Ian Richard Ponse – Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment. * Acting Warrant Officer Darren Smith – Royal New Zealand Air Force.
The Newport Independents Party is a small political party formed in 2017 to campaign in the city of Newport, Wales. The party won three council seats on Newport City Council in May 2022. The Newport Independents Party was registered with the Electoral Commission in March 2017 by its founder, Councillor Kevin Whitehead. It aimed to break the "stale national party politics" in the city. It allowed independent councillors to work as a group and, therefore, have the right to sit on council scrutiny committees. The party fielded fifteen candidates in the May 2017 elections to Newport City Council and one candidate for Rogerstone Community Council. Four Newport Independents were elected to Newport City Council on 4 May 2017: Kevin Whitehead, Janet Cleverly and Jason Jordan won seats in the Bettws ward and one candidate - Chris Evans - was successful in Rogerstone. Evans resigned from the party in January 2022 after being discovered soliciting a sex worker. The party fielded ten candidates in the May 2022 local elections, across six Newport wards. It retained its three seats in the Bettws ward.
Palardy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Jean Palardy (1905–1991), French-Canadian painter, art historian, ethnologist, and filmmaker * Justin Palardy (born 1988), Canadian football player * Michael Palardy (born 1992), American football player
The Takase Site (高瀬遺跡) is an archaeological site in the Ishibotoke neighborhood of the city of Nanto, Toyama Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan containing the ruins of a shōen from the early Heian period. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1981. It was the first ruin of a shōen to receive such status. The shōen or landed estates were private, tax-free, and autonomous feudal manors which arose with the decline of the ritsuryō system. The earliest shōen developed in the Nara period to encourage land reclamation and provided for the succession of the right to cultivate reclaimed fields in perpetuity. Later shōen developed from land tracts assigned to officially sanctioned Shintō shrines or Buddhist temples or granted by the emperor as gifts to the Imperial relatives, nobles, or officials as tax-free grants. In either case, as these estates grew, they became independent of the civil administrative system and contributed to the rise of a local military class. At first, the hereditary steward of the estate (jitō) paid a portion of his revenues to the nominal "owner" in Kyoto for continued protection from taxes or other interference from the government, but by the Kamakura period, even this nominal relationship faded away. The area south of the Takase Shrine was known for many years as a location where shards of Sue pottery and Haji pottery could be found. The Takase Shrine is one of the Shinto shrines calming the title of ichinomiya of Etchū Province, so it is of very ancient foundation. This area was located in paddy fields on the Tonami Plain at the foot of Mount Yaotome in the southwestern part of Toyama Prefecture. During field maintenance work in 1970, the foundations of a 5 x 4 bay building were discovered. In subsequent excavations in 1972, the foundations of two more buildings were discovered, arranged in a U-shape. These were determined to be the administrative buildings associated with a shōen from the early Heian period. Artifacts included pottery, wooden tags, bottles, lacquerware, inkstones, and other items. A stream meandered through the building group, which was surrounded by a moat. The ruins of a settlement were also found 300 meters to the east. Historical records indicate that the great temple of Tōdai-ji in Nara had such an estate in Etchū Province during the early Heian period. The area is preserved as a park with concrete posts marking the locations of building foundations. Excavated items are on display at the adjacent Nanto City Buried Cultural Property Center (南砺市埋蔵文化財センター), a three-story museum which opened in 1973 to preserve and display artifacts excavated from the Takase ruins and other ruins in Nanto City, as well as the folk historical materials of the region. The site is about a 10-minute walk from the "Takase Jinja Mae" bus stop on the Kaetsuno Bus from Fukuno Station on the JR West Johana Line. * List of Historic Sites of Japan (Toyama) * Nanto City official site * Toyama Prefecture official site * Cultural Heritage of Toyama Prefecture
Pfieffe may refer to: * Pfieffe, Spangenberg, a district of Spangenberg, a town in Hesse, Germany * Pfieffe (Fulda), a river of Hesse, Germany, tributary of the Fulda
Northfield is a geographic parish in Sunbury County, New Brunswick, Canada. Prior to the 2023 governance reform, for governance purposes it was divided between the village of Minto and the local service district of the parish of Northfield, both of which were members of Capital Region Service Commission (RSC11). William F. Ganong states that the parish was named for its position in the county. The origin may be simpler, as Northfield was the northern polling district of Sheffield Parish before it was erected. Northfield was erected in 1857 from Sheffield Parish. Northfield Parish is bounded: * on the northeast by the Northumberland County line, beginning at a point about 2.6 kilometres northwesterly of Cains River, then running southeasterly; * on the southeast by the Queens County line; * on the southwest by a line beginning on the Queens County line about 2 kilometres southwesterly of the Minto Dump Road, then running north-northwesterly along the prolongation of the eastern line of a grant to S. B. Corey on the northern side of Route 10 in New Zion, passing about 500 metres west of Colwell Street, to the Maugerville Parish line about 300 metres northwesterly of the mouth of Barton Brook; * on the northwest by the prolongation of the southeastern line of a grant to Nathaniel Underhill and D. Palmer Jr. on the Saint John River, about 225 metres upstream of the foot of Middle Island, running northeasterly to the starting point. Communities at least partly within the parish; bold indicates an incorporated municipality * Cantor * Duffys Corner * Hardwood Ridge * Humphrey Corner * New Avon * New England Settlement * New Zion * North Forks * Minto * North Minto * Slope Road Bodies of water at least partly in the parish: * North Forks Stream * Doherty Creek * Newcastle Creek * Salmon Creek * Dorsey Lake * Jehu Lake Parish population total does not include portion within Minto Population trend Mother tongue (2016) * List of parishes in New Brunswick
John Cuthbertson may refer to: * John Cuthbertson (instrument maker) (1743–1821), English instrument maker living in the Netherlands from 1768 to 1796 * John Cuthbertson (politician) (1834–1882), politician from New Zealand * John Cuthbertson (footballer, fl. 1939–56), Scottish footballer * John Cuthbertson (footballer, born 1932), Scottish footballer for Mansfield Town * John Cuthbertson (cricketer) (born 1942), English cricketer * John Cuthbertson (Covenanter), Covenanter minister * John Cuthbertson, see The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce
The 1963 New York Mets season was the second regular season for the Mets. They went 51–111 and finished tenth in the National League, 48 games behind the World Series Champion Los Angeles Dodgers. They were managed by Casey Stengel. They played their home games at the Polo Grounds, the second and final season there for the Mets before moving to Shea Stadium the following season. * October 11, 1962: Ron Hunt was purchased by the Mets from the Milwaukee Braves. * October 14, 1962: Norm Sherry and Dick Smith were purchased by the Mets from the Los Angeles Dodgers. * November 26, 1962: Paul Blair was drafted from the Mets by the Baltimore Orioles in the 1962 first-year draft. On June 14, Duke Snider of the Mets hit his 400th home run against the Cincinnati Reds. The opposing pitcher was Bob Purkey. The homer came in the 6,783rd at bat of his career. Snider became the ninth player to reach 400 homers. Along with Eddie Mathews, Snider became part of the first duo to reach the 400-plateau in the same season. Afterwards, Mets outfielder Jimmy Piersall told Snider that he could get more publicity for his 100th home run. Nine days later, on June 23, Piersall ran the bases backward after hitting the 100th home run of his career off Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Dallas Green. He was released by the Mets one month later, with that home run being the only one he hit in a Mets uniform. * May 8, 1963: Larry Foss was traded by the Mets to the Milwaukee Braves for Chico Fernández. * May 23, 1963: Gil Hodges was traded by the Mets to the Washington Senators for Jimmy Piersall. * July 1, 1963: Charlie Neal and Sammy Taylor were traded by the Mets to the Cincinnati Reds for Jesse Gonder. * July 29, 1963: Jacke Davis and cash were traded by the Mets to the St. Louis Cardinals for Duke Carmel. * July 27, 1963: Jimmy Piersall was released by the Mets. * September 5, 1963: Ron Swoboda was signed as an amateur free agent by the Mets. ''Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in'' ''Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in'' Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts All-Star Game * Duke Snider, outfield, reserve * 1963 New York Mets at Baseball Reference * 1963 New York Mets team page at www.baseball-almanac.com * 1963 New York Mets season at Baseball Reference
John Cuthbertson (bapt. 1 July 1743 in Dearham – 1821) was an English instrument maker and inventor that lived from 1768 until roughly 1796 in Amsterdam. John was the second son of the inn keeper and yeoman Jonathan Cuthbertson and his second wife, Mary Fisher. John had three siblings, of which two survived (a younger brother Jonathan (1744–1806) and one other): the third died at a young age (Jonathan, the eldest). John and the younger brother Jonathan are often confused in literature and publications. While John worked for a long time in Amsterdam, Jonathan worked in Rotterdam, both in the same line of work. John studied with the prominent London instrument maker James Champneys and when Champney moved to Amsterdam in December 1768, Cuthbertson joined him. On 1 September 1768 John had married Champney's daughter Jane. They had four children, three sons and a daughter, but only the daughter, Jane Cuthbertson, survived. In 1782, Cuthbertson published a book in Dutch called Algemeene Eigenschappen van Electriciteit, onderrichting van de Werktuigen en het nemen van proeven in dezelve (free translation: "General characteristics of electricity, education on the tools and the performing of tests in those") and also organized public lectures, both to disseminate the knowledge about electricity, in his opinion very poor in the Netherlands. The book was quite popular in the Netherlands, and lead him to publish another two volumes with even more possible experiments. In all his publications Cuthbertson seems to concentrate on the glass plate generators and not on the cylindrical ones, possibly because he was involved in the production of the glass plate generators. In 1783–1784 he used the suggestions of Martinus van Marum, who also had a history of designing electrostatic generators and who had already been in touch with Cuthbertson, in 1774 and 1781, to build the (at that time) largest glass plate electrostatic generator in existence for the Teylers Tweede Genootschap of the Teylers Stichting. It had disks with a diameter of 1.65 m and was connected to a battery of Leyden jars to store the charge produced. With this machine a 61 cm (2 ft) spark could be produced of, which comes down to roughly 330.000 Volt. Van Marum believed that with larger machines, currents and charges more scientific progress could be made. The machine was based on a smaller model produced by Jonathan Cuthbertson shortly before, but with some significant changes, such as glass poles instead of wooden ones. Based on empirical studies Cuthbertson made changes to the scaled-up model. Finally the machine was installed in December 1784 and he received the sum of 3000 guilders for it. Sometime between 1793 and 1796 he returned to England, living in Poland Street in London (contrary to his brother Jonathan who remained in Rotterdam), probably due to the political unrest in the Dutch Republic. Here he continued his business and produced a number of smaller (simplified) electrostatic generators – a design that would be produced until the 1920s. He also worked on electrometers, for which he invented a new design, air pumps and wrote scientific papers. In 1807 Cuthbertson published Practical Electricity and Galvanism. This book was partly intended to encourage the sale of scientific instruments for home or school experiments and partly to explain the medical uses of electricity. The home experiments are described as ‘easy and pleasing to the young practitioner’.The use of static electrical charges and low intensity electrical currents on the human body, known as galvanism, was often used both to treat mental illness and to revive people after drowning or lightning strikes. Almost all conditions, including gout, fever, hydrocephalus, blindness, deafness and genitor-urinary infections were supposed to be treatable by the application of electricity. For Rees's Cyclopædia he contributed articles about electricity, but the topics are not known. He died in 1821 and was buried in St James's Church, Piccadilly. * Teylers Museum: Elektriseermachine
The Dallara Stradale is a sports car manufactured by Italian automotive manufacturer Dallara. The Stradale is the first road car manufactured by the company, the company's main products being chassis development for other automobile manufacturers along with the development and construction of race cars. The Stradale is a barchetta in its basic form, with no doors, but is convertible to berlinetta, roadster and targa top body styles after the installation of interchangeable parts. Company founder Giampaolo Dallara had the desire to create a car bearing his own name after having worked with various manufacturers and overseeing their projects ranging from the development of Formula 1 and Formula 3 cars as well as Indycars and even designing the chassis of sports cars for other manufacturers, notable manufacturers include Ferrari, Lamborghini, McLaren and Alfa Romeo. The development of such a car was halted six times as the funds received from the completion of projects of other companies were invested in the development of other projects but finally, after accumulating enough funds for the development of a road car, the CEO of the company, Andrea Pontremoli was tasked with the development work. Development began in 2015 with design work contracted to Granstudio, a small Italian design consultancy firm located in Turin. Hours of wind tunnel testing was performed on the final mockups in order to ensure that the car was aerodynamically refined. Chassis work was undertaken by former race car driver Loris Bicocchi. Dallara had been inspired by Colin Chapman's philosophy of lightweight minimalist sports cars and the final product, the Stradale embodied those principles. With a dry weight of 855 kg, the Stradale has performance comparable to high performance sports cars while being driver-focused. The first car was delivered to Dallara himself, on the occasion of his 81st birthday, at the company's headquarters in Varano de' Melegari, Italy, in 2017. The Stradale is powered by a 2.3-litre turbocharged Ford EcoBoost Inline-four engine also used in the Ford Focus RS. The engine is reworked by Bosch in order to generate a maximum power output of 400 PS at 6,200 rpm and a peak torque of 500 Nm at 3,000–5,000 rpm. Bosch also worked on the car's aerodynamics and as a result, the car in the berlinetta body style is able to generate 1808 lb of downforce with its optional rear wing. The conversion to different body styles was made possible by a removable windscreen made from motorsport grade polycarbonate glass and a carbon fibre frame. The windscreen has a shape and a central windscreen wiper reminiscent of the Group C race cars of the 1990s. A T-shape removable frame combined with detachable gull-wing doors makes the conversion to a Targa top and Berlinetta bodyshell possible, but the driver enters the car in the same way, regardless of body structure (i.e by climbing over the side). The base of the chassis is a hollow carbon-fibre tub with a solid carbon fibre side structure in order to channel air to the rear of the car. The air from one side goes to the engine while the air from the other side goes to the air-to-air intercooler. The carbon tub is joined by aluminium sub-structures front and aft. Two control arms are present at each corner, with the front arms directly mounted on the tub. The floor of the chassis is flat with a front splitter mounted at the front and a rear diffuser mounted at the rear. These elements combined without the optional rear wing create so much downforce that the format of the car requires it to be fitted with reverse Gurney flaps that help maintain appropriate aerodynamic balance. The engine is transversely mounted and is combined with a 6-speed manual transmission (also from the Focus RS) or an optional 6-speed automated manual transmission with paddle-shifters mounted on the steering column transferring the power of the engine to the rear wheels. Both of the transmissions come with a Quaife limited-slip differential. The Stradale comes with electronic stability control as standard that can be turned off and set to intervene as minimum as possible. The braking system utilises steel brake discs as the engineers working on the car believed that steel brake discs worked just as well without the added complexity and cost of a carbon-ceramic brake disc. The brake calipers are supplied by Brembo. The interior of the car has carbon fibre as its main element and has all of the main controls of the car integrated into the steering wheel. Vital information of the car such as speed and rpm are displayed on a motorsports-style display screen on the steering column. The seats are carbon-fibre shells fixed to the chassis and have foam padding applied on them. The steering column and paddles are adjustable in order to alter the driving position. Minimal luggage can be stowed in two compartments located behind the engine and two additional compartments in the seats are designed to store two race helmets. The total space of these compartments is four cubic feet. Other features of the car include Pirelli Trofeo R tyres, active racing suspension system by Tractive suspension which drops the car's ride height by 0.8-inches in track mode and an oil pressure accumulator enabling the fuel pump to withstand the 2.0 g of lateral acceleration the chassis is capable of generating. The Stradale can generate a downforce of 881 lb at 150 mph in its basic form and 1880 lb with its optional rear wing. The car accelerates from 0-60 mph in 3.2 seconds, 0-100 mph in 8.1 seconds, can complete a quarter-mile in 11.4 seconds and can attain a top speed of 174 mph. The company plans to produce no more than 600 units of the Stradale in five years offering a limited number of units for sale every year. Each car has a cost of €191,000 (US$236,000) before taxes. In July 2021, Dallara introduced the EXP, a track-only version of the Stradale. It uses the same carbon-fiber monocoque as the road car, but changes have been made to the carbon bodywork to improve aerodynamics on track. It still retains its body modularity. The roof and windshield have been removed and a large rear spoiler and front dive planes have been added to increase grip. This allows the car to make 2755 lb of downforce at a top speed of 178 mph and a 0-62 mph in 3.2 seconds. Like the Stradale, the Dallara EXP is powered by a Bosch-modified 2.3-liter EcoBoost four-cylinder engine borrowed from the Focus RS. Output has been raised to 500 PS and 700 Nm of torque. The car's dry weight is 1962 lb. Unlike the street version, the track-only version is only available with a six-speed sequential manual gearbox and a Quaife limited-slip differential.
Sigurd Gotaas (21 December 1863 – 1944) was a Norwegian physician and sportsman. He was born in Ullensaker. Gotaas was the first vice chairman of the skiing club SK Ull from 1883 to 1885, then the second to serve as chairman from 1885 to 1887. He participated in Husebyrennet, one of the main skiing events of the time. He later participated in motor sports, and was known in dog breeding circles. In 1907 he founded a club for pointer breeders, Norsk Pointerklub. He graduated with the cand.med. degree in 1892. After serving briefly in Trondhjem, he was municipal physician in Nord-Aurdal from 1892 to 1895, then a private physician in Lillestrøm. He eventually became municipal physician, and also physician for the garrison at Kjeller Airport. In the winter of 1939–1940 he served on board a large whaler in the Southern Ocean. He died in 1944. His daughter Harda Sophie Borchgrevink Gotaas, whom he had together with Charlotte Frimann Dahl (1866–1965), married industrialist Odd Engelund.
Rooqma Ray (also known as Rukma Roy; ) is an Indian television actress who predominantly appears in Bengali TV soap operas. She is known for playing the lead characters of Rajkumari Kiranmala in Kiranmala and Mampi in Desher Maati. * Gopone Mod Chharan (2023) * Singhabahini Trinayani as Devi Skandamata (2022) on Zee Bangla. * Rahasya Romancha Season 3 (2020) on Hoichoi * Byomkesh Season 6 (2021) on Hoichoi * Roktokorobi (Web Series) (2023) on ZEE5 * Noshtoneer (2023) on Hoichoi * Red Canvas (2023) on Hippiix * Noshtoneer Season 2 on Hoichoi
Garci Lasso de la Vega II, also known as “El Joven” ( ? - Burgos, 1351) was the son of Garci Lasso de la Vega "El Viejo" with his first wife, Juana de Castañeda. He commanded Castillian troops against Navarra in the Battle of Río Salado of 1334. After distinguishing his valor, he was appointed as the highest royal official to the court of Fadrique Alfonso de Castilla, master of the Order of Santiago and son of Alfonso XI of Castile. He was later appointed Adelantado of Castile through the patronage of Juan Núñez de Lara. After the death of his patron, he sought refuge in Burgos, fearing the wrath of Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque. King Peter the Cruel and his henchmen captured him there where he suffered an atrocious death witnessed by the king in 1351, as reported by Pero López de Ayala in his chronicle on the reign of this monarch. In divvying up his father's estate after his death in 1338, Lasso de la Vega inherited land across the Kingdom in the following areas; Asturias de Santillana, including estates in Udías and in Cabuérniga which was accompanied by tenements in Carmona, properties in Santibáñez de Carrejo, Bárcena de Puente de San Miguel, Valles-Helgueras, tenements in Viérnoles, shared lands in Arenas and the family estates of Mercadal y Mijares, He also inherited lands given to his father by the King. These included the family estates of Cudón and the castle of Guardo with keep and towns except that of Torremormojón which went to Urraca Rodríguez de Rojas. As compensation, he received the castle of Lucio. He married twice. The first time with Urraca Rodríguez de Rojas, daughter of Juan Rodríguez de Rojas, with whom he had no children. His second marriage was with Leonor González de Cornado (a surname which would later change to Coronado) daughter of Gonzalo Rodríguez de Cornado and Elvira Arias. The widow Leonor appears in the documentation of the Convent of Santa Clara in Astudillo, Palencia, where she sold a silver cross with precious stones for 10,000 maravedíes to María de Padilla. The children from this marriage are as follows. * Garci Lasso Ruiz de la Vega (b. 1340 — d. 2 April 1367). * Gonzalo Ruiz de la Vega * Sancho Lasso de la Vega He executed a will on 3 October 1349 before the siege of Gibraltar in which he asked to be buried at the Convent of Santa Clara and Castrojeriz and mentioned his two wives. He left some properties to his brother-in-law Diego Rodríguez de Rojas and refers to his mother-in-law, Sancha, the wife of Juan Rodríguez de Rojas, the father of his first wife. His second wife, Leonor, executed a will on 12 April 1378 also asking to be buried at the same convent as her husband and mentioning her children, Gonzalo and Sancho, and a grandson named Gonzalo.
The Ármann women's basketball team, commonly known as Ármann, is the women's basketball team of Glímufélagið Ármann multi-sport club, based in Reykjavík, Iceland. It has won the national championship three times, in 1953, 1959 and 1960. Ármann won the ignaural national championship in 1953 and added two more in 1959 and 1960. In 2009, the players, unhappy with poor training facilities and lack of practice time from the club, contacted Ungmennafélagið Stjarnan and inquired if the board would be interested in starting a women's team. The Stjarnan board responded positively, as they had been unsuccessfully trying to start a women's team for a few years, and in the end all 14 Ármann players transferred over to form the first Stjarnan women's team. Ármann did not field a team again until the 2017–2018 season when it failed to register a win in 24 games in the 1. deild kvenna. In May 2020, the team returned to the 1. deild kvenna for the first time since 2018. On 15 March 2022, the team won the 1. deild kvenna championship, its first title in 62 years, after winning 18 of 20 games, including 15 in a row to finish the season. In March 2025, Ármann gained promotion to the Úrvalsdeild kvenna for the first time in 65 years. * Úrvalsdeild kvenna: * Winners (3): 1953, 1959, 1960 * 1. deild kvenna: * Winners (1): 2022, 2025 * 1. deild kvenna Domestic Player of the Year * Jónína Þórdís Karlsdóttir – 2021, 2022, 2025 * 1. deild kvenna Domestic All-First team * Birgit Ósk Snorradóttir - 2025 * Jónína Þórdís Karlsdóttir – 2021, 2022, 2024, 2025 * 1. deild kvenna Coach of the Year * Karl Guðlaugsson – 2022, 2025 * 🇮🇸 Birgit Ósk Snorradóttir * 🇮🇸 Jónína Þórdís Karlsdóttir * 🇮🇸 Sylvía Rún Hálfdánardóttir
Char char is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is part of the West Hararghe Zone. It was separated from Guba Koricha Aanaa. The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 81,646, of whom 42,030 were men and 39,616 were women; 6,491 or 7.95% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants (72.12%) said they were Muslim, 15.58% of the population practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and 2.9% were Catholics. Anchar is one of the 18 woredas of West Hararge zone. It is located at a distance of 265 km away from the capital city, Addis Ababa. Geographically, Anchar is located at the coordination between 8030’ to 900’North Latitude and 4000’ to 40025’ East Longitude. The woreda altitude ranges between 960 to 3220 meters above sea level. With regard to land features, about 85% of its land is mainly rolling while forest exists in 8 kebeles of the woreda. The dominant cereals produced in the woreda are sorghum, maize, wheat, barley, oat, and teff. Moreover, haricot bean, chat, and coffee are the three permanent cash crops grown in the district (AWFAEDO, 2020). The capital city of the woreda is Cheleleka, located about 126 km away from the zonal capital city, chiro. The woreda is bordered with Gumbi Bordede and Awash Fentale in the North, Asako and Golelcha woreda in the south, Fentale woreda in the west, Darolebu, Habro, and Guba Koricha woreda in the south east directions (AWFAEDO, 2020). Anchar woreda has a total population of 106,051, (CSA, 2013) of which about 90.12% (95,579) live in rural area and the rest lives in urban areas. The woreda has infrastructure facilities such as electric power, modern telephone, banking facilities, educational, health, and other services that belong to public and private owners. With regard to electric access, out of the total population in the Anchar woreda, only 8.57% of households have access to electricity (AWFAEDO, 2020).
Lieutenant Amadou Konare is one of the leaders and spokesperson of the National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and State which forced out President Amadou Toumani Touré after the 2012 Malian coup d'état.
The Sakuradani Kofun Cluster (桜谷古墳群) is a group of kofun burial mounds located in the Ōta neighborhood of the city of Takaoka, Toyama in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Two of the tumuli were designated as a National Historic Site of Japan in 1934. The Sakuradani Kofun Cluster of kofun is located on the margin of a hill at the base of Mount Futagami overlooking Toyama Bay in northwestern Toyama Prefecture. The site consisted of a (zenpō-kōen-fun (前方後円墳)) tumuli (No.1), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above and a Scallop Kofun (hotategaigata-kofun (帆立貝型古墳)) tumuli (No.2) and ten or more smaller Round Kofun (empun (円墳)) tumuli. The first was discovered in 1918 when a tree was being planted at a local Shinto shrine, and nine more were discovered by 1924. Tombs No.1 and No.2 have not been surveyed internally in detail, but are presumed to date from the beginning of the fifth century in the late Kofun period. These two tombs were protected as a National Historic Site since 1934; however, the remaining tombs were destroyed when the area was developed for agricultural land after World War II. In 1976, one more dome-shaped tumulus and two box-shaped stone sarcophagus were discovered during the construction of a prefectural road. However, during this same construction work and despite the National Historic Site status, a portion of Tomb No.2 was destroyed. Numerous grave goods uncovered during various archaeological excavations, of which a 14-centimeter diameter bronze mirror (possibly of Chinese origin), 13 cylindrical beads, three gold rings, two knives, 17 small beads and a jasper spindle are designated as Important Tangible Cultural Properties of Takaoka City. The mirror is kept at the Tokyo National Museum and other artifacts at the Toyama City Museum. The site is about a 10-minute walk from Amaharashi Station on the JR West Himi Line. * List of Historic Sites of Japan (Toyama) * Takaoka city home page * Toyama Prefectural home page
The 1962 New York Mets season was the first regular season for the Mets, as the National League returned to New York City for the first time since 1957. They went 40–120 (.250) and finished tenth and last in the National League, 60 1/2 games behind the NL Champion San Francisco Giants, who had once called New York home. The Mets were the latest team to be 60+ games behind in a division before the 2018 Baltimore Orioles finished 61 games behind the World Series Champion Boston Red Sox. The Mets' 120 losses were the most losses in modern MLB history until the 2024 Chicago White Sox lost 121; though their winning percentage (.250) is still lower than the 2024 Sox (.253). The Mets' starting pitchers also recorded a new major league low of just 23 wins all season. The team lost its first game 11–4 to the St. Louis Cardinals on April 11, and went on to lose its first nine games. Having repaired their record to 12–19 on May 20 after sweeping a doubleheader against the Milwaukee Braves, the Mets lost their next 17 games. They also lost 11 straight from July 15 to July 26, and 13 straight from August 9 to August 21. Their longest winning streak of the season was three. The Mets were managed by former New York Yankee manager Casey Stengel and played their home games at the Polo Grounds, which was their temporary home while Shea Stadium was being built in Queens. They remain infamous for their ineptitude and were one of the worst teams in Major League Baseball history. The team's 120 losses were the third most by any team in MLB history, after the infamous 1899 Cleveland Spiders lost 134. Their team batting average, team earned run average (ERA), and team fielding percentage were all the worst in the major leagues that season. Despite the team's terrible performance, fans came out in droves. Their 1962 season attendance of 922,530 was good enough for sixth in the National League. The season was chronicled in Jimmy Breslin's humorous best-selling 1963 book Can't Anybody Here Play This Game? The title came from a remark made by manager Casey Stengel expressing frustration over his team's poor play. * July 20, 1961: Paul Blair was signed as an amateur free agent by the Mets. * October 16, 1961: Billy Loes was purchased by the Mets from the San Francisco Giants. * November 28, 1961: The Mets traded a player to be named later and cash to the Milwaukee Braves for Frank Thomas and a player to be named later. The deal was completed on May 21, 1962, when the Mets sent Gus Bell to the Braves, and the Braves sent Rick Herrscher to the Mets. * January 30, 1962: Joe Ginsberg was signed as a free agent by the Mets. * March 2, 1962: Billy Loes was returned by the Mets to the San Francisco Giants. * Craig Anderson, pitcher, St. Louis Cardinals * Gus Bell, outfielder, Cincinnati Reds * Ed Bouchee, infielder, Chicago Cubs * Chris Cannizzaro, catcher, St. Louis Cardinals * Elio Chacón, infielder, Cincinnati Reds * Joe Christopher, outfielder, Pittsburgh Pirates * Choo-Choo Coleman, catcher, Philadelphia Phillies * Roger Craig, pitcher, Los Angeles Dodgers * Ray Daviault, pitcher, San Francisco Giants * John DeMerit, outfielder, Milwaukee Braves * Sammy Drake, infielder, Chicago Cubs * Jim Hickman, outfielder, St. Louis Cardinals * Gil Hodges, infielder, Los Angeles Dodgers * Jay Hook, pitcher, Cincinnati Reds * Al Jackson, pitcher, Pittsburgh Pirates * Sherman Jones, pitcher, Cincinnati Reds * Hobie Landrith, catcher, San Francisco Giants * Félix Mantilla, infielder, Milwaukee Braves * Bob L. Miller, pitcher, St. Louis Cardinals * Bobby Gene Smith, outfielder, Philadelphia Phillies * Lee Walls, infielder/outfielder, Philadelphia Phillies * Don Zimmer, infielder, Chicago Cubs The Mets and Houston Colt .45s were established on October 17, 1960, giving them time to acquire minor league professional players, sign amateur free agents (there was no first-year MLB draft until 1965) and enter into working agreements with minor league affiliates during the 1961 season. New York had formal working agreements with three minor league baseball teams in 1961: As an expansion team, the Mets were not expected to do well. They finished last in the National League, and they also finished 24 games behind their expansion brethren, the Colt .45s. The first game in franchise history was played on the road, at Busch Stadium, St. Louis, on Wednesday night, April 11, 1962. The Mets fell behind 2–0 and 5–2 early, then narrowed the deficit to one run, but ultimately lost to the St. Louis Cardinals, 11–4. Former Brooklyn Dodgers Gil Hodges and Charlie Neal homered for the Mets, whose home opener at New York's Polo Grounds would wait until their second-ever official game, on Friday, April 13, 1962. * April 26, 1962: Harry Chiti was purchased by the Mets from the Cleveland Indians. * April 26, 1962: Bob Smith was traded by the Mets to the Chicago Cubs for Sammy Taylor. * May 1, 1962: Joe Ginsberg was released by the Mets. * May 7, 1962: Don Zimmer was traded by the Mets to the Cincinnati Reds for Bob G. Miller and Cliff Cook. * May 7, 1962: Jim Marshall was traded by the Mets to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Vinegar Bend Mizell. * May 9, 1962: Marv Throneberry was sold by the Baltimore Orioles to the New York Mets. * June 7, 1962 The New York Mets sell Hobie Landrith to the Orioles. * June 15, 1962: Harry Chiti was returned by the Mets to the Cleveland Indians. * June 27, 1962: Ed Kranepool was signed as an amateur free agent by the Mets. * August 4, 1962: Vinegar Bend Mizell was released by the Mets. * September 7, 1962: Galen Cisco was selected off waivers by the Mets from the Boston Red Sox. ''Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in'' ''Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in'' Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Richie Ashburn * #3 in NL in bases on balls (81) Roger Craig * MLB leader in losses (24) * #2 in NL in home runs allowed (35) * #3 in NL in earned runs allowed (117) Jay Hook * #4 in NL in earned runs allowed (115) * #4 in NL in home runs allowed (31) Al Jackson * #2 in NL in losses (20) LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Auburn Syracuse affiliation shared with Washington Senators * 1962 New York Mets at Baseball Reference * 1962 New York Mets Roster at Baseball Almanac
Jakob M. Stix (born in 1974) is a German mathematician. He specializes in arithmetic algebraic geometry (étale fundamental group, anabelian geometry and other topics). Stix studied mathematics in Freiburg and Bonn and received his doctorate in 2002 from Florian Pop at the University of Bonn (Projective Anabelian Curves in Positive Characteristic and Descent Theory for Log-Etale Covers ). His dissertation was awarded the best doctoral thesis of the year 2002 by the Mathematical Institute of the University of Bonn. He was a post-doctoral student at the Institute for Advanced Study. In 2008, he became junior research group leader at the Mathematics Center of the University of Heidelberg, where he habilitated in 2011 (Evidence for the section conjecture in the theory of arithmetic fundamental groups). Stix is now a professor at the University of Frankfurt. * with Alexander Schmidt: "Anabelian geometry with étale homotopy types", Annals of Mathematics, volume 184, 2016, pp. 817–868, Arxiv * "Rational points and arithmetic of fundamental groups : evidence for the section conjecture", Lecture Notes in mathematics 2054, Springer 2013 (Habilitation thesis) * "The Brauer–Manin obstruction for sections of the fundamental group", Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, volume 215, 2011, pp. 1371–1397 Arxiv * "On the birational section conjecture with local conditions", Inventiones mathematicae, volume 199, 2015, pp. 239–265 * as publisher: The Arithmetic of Fundamental Groups : PIA 2010, Springer, 2012 * Homepage (University of Frankfurt) * Article about Stix at the University of Heidelberg
World Statesman is an album by trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, recorded in 1956 and released on the Norgran label. The album was reissued as part of the 2CD compilation Birks Works: The Verve Big Band Sessions. The AllMusic review states: "This set introduced the new Dizzy Gillespie big band which was making headlines for the acclaim it received (and for the excitement it caused) during its State Department-sponsored world tours... this brilliant (and historic) orchestra really shows a great deal of spirit, power and creativity." All compositions by Dizzy Gillespie except as indicated Side One: Side Two: * 1) "Dizzy's Business" (Ernie Wilkins) – 3:37 * 2) "Jessica's Day" (Quincy Jones) – 4:50 * 3) "Tour de Force" – 5:04 * 4) "I Can't Get Started" (Vernon Duke, Ira Gershwin) – 2:55 * 5) "Doodlin'" (Horace Silver) – 3:56 * 1) "A Night in Tunisia" – 5:34 * 2) "Stella by Starlight" (Ned Washington, Victor Young) – 4:07 * 3) "The Champ" – 4:42 * 4) "My Reverie" (Larry Clinton, Claude Debussy) – 2:52 * 5) "Dizzy's Blues" (A. K. Salim) – 2:32 * Dizzy Gillespie – trumpet, vocals * Joe Gordon, Quincy Jones, Ermit V. Perry, Carl Warwick – trumpet * Rod Levitt, Melba Liston, Frank Rehak – trombone * Jimmy Powell, Phil Woods – alto saxophone * Billy Mitchell, Ernie Wilkins – tenor saxophone * Marty Flax – baritone saxophone * Walter Davis Jr. – piano * Nelson Boyd – bass * Charlie Persip – drums
"Resurrection (Paper, Paper)" is a 2000 rap single by American hip-hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, the first single released from their album BTNHResurrection. The single was to represent what Bone Thugs were doing at the time. There was a lot of speculation that Bizzy Bone was leaving the group and people wanted to know where the band stood. Flesh-n-Bone was featured on the CD version of the song, but did not appear in the video. Even though the single did not perform well on the charts, the song is considered somewhat of a classic by Bone fans because of its well-directed video and memorable instrumentation and lyrics. This is the first of three times that Flesh-n-Bone was featured in a CD version of a song, but not featured in a video. The others were "Can't Give It Up" and "Change the World". However, when the song stops and the group says "Flesh, Flesh we in the Flesh" a view from him rapping in the "East 1999" music video plays behind them.
Greater Than a Crown is a 1925 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Edmund Lowe, Dolores Costello, and Margaret Livingston. It was based on a 1918 novel The Lady from Long Acre by the British writer Victor Bridges. The novel had previously been adapted as the 1921 film The Lady from Longacre. An American man in London assists an escaped Princess who has fled to England to escape a royal marriage. After she is kidnapped and taken home, he goes to rescue her with the assistance of his English actress friend. A print of Greater Than a Crown is preserved in a foreign film archive. * Solomon, Aubrey. The Fox Film Corporation, 1915-1935: A History and Filmography. McFarland, 2011.
Speedy Gonzales – noin 7 veljeksen poika (1970) is a Finnish western comedy directed by Ere Kokkonen, and written by Kokkonen with Spede Pasanen and Vesa-Matti Loiri. The title refers to Pasanen's 1968 film Noin seitsemän veljestä, though the movie does not otherwise link to it in any way. Neither has it anything to do with the cartoon character Speedy Gonzales. The basic premise of the movie is to poke fun at the conventions and clichés of Spaghetti Westerns, which is accomplished by the juxtaposition of serious elements with the parody that Pasanen was famous for. The resulting film is considered both a tribute and a mockery of westerns as a whole. The film was a success, which led to the creation of a sequel, Hirttämättömät, released the following year. The outlaw Speedy Gonzales rides into town in New York to investigate the death of his brother, Mooses. Despite being met by resistance from the locals, he is determined to solve the crime. Meanwhile, two of the world's worst gunslingers are matching their skills and the desperate desperado Clyde is trying to rob a bank with abysmal success... * Spede Pasanen as Speedy Gonzales and Mooses Gonzales * Tarja Markus as Rita * Pertti Melasniemi as Clyde * Esko Salminen as Manolito * Ville-Veikko Salminen as Bat Masterson * Simo Salminen as Hämeen hitain ("the slowest gun in Häme") * Olavi Ahonen as the bartender The film's Western town sets were re-purposed from the Finnish TV skit-show Kivikasvot (from the segment Päivä Lännessä, "A Day in the West"). It was the sixth Spede feature to be directed by Ere Kokkonen. Vesa-Matti Loiri intended to play the part of Clyde but broke his leg in an accident and was replaced by Melasniemi just prior to filming. He appeared in the film's sequel Hirttämättömät a year later, which he wrote and directed along with Pasanen. Jukka Virtanen, who has a minor role in the film as the town drunkard, also wrote the lyrics for the two songs in the film: Haaskalinnut saalistaa, performed by Spede, and Hämeen Hitain, performed by Salminen and released as a stand-alone single but not heard in the actual movie.
Voksenåsen is a hill and neighborhood in Vestre Aker borough in Oslo, Norway. Vokenåsen Hotel is a hotel and conference facility at the summit of the hill. It was given by Norway to Sweden as thanks for the help provided to Norway in the Second World War. Today the hotel is operated as both a hotel and conference venue and a centre for Norwegian-Swedish cooperation. Down towards Bogstad is the Grindbakken primary school. With the exception of Voksentoppen Skole, a special school for children with disabilities, no other schools are located in the area. Middle-School students from the area walk, bike, drive or take the train down to Midtstuen School, while one has to go closer to the center of Oslo to find the nearest high school.
Cody may refer to: * Cody (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Cody (surname), including a list of people * Cody Rhodes (born 1985), American professional wrestler also known by the ring name Cody * Cody, British Columbia, a ghost town * Cody, Florida, an unincorporated community * Cody (Duluth), Minnesota, a neighborhood * Cody, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Cody, Nebraska, a village * Cody, Wyoming, a city and county seat * Cody Lake (Minnesota) * Cody (band), a Danish musical group * Cody (album), an album by Joyce Manor, 2016 * Come On Die Young (CODY), an album, or the title track, by Scottish band Mogwai, 1999 * "Cody", a song by Cupcakke from Dauntless Manifesto, 2024 * Cody (TV series), series of Australian television movies * Cody, the surname of Janine "Smurf", Andrew "Pope", Craig, Deran, Joshua "J", and Lena Cody's criminal family in Animal Kingdom * CodY protein family, a bacterial protein family * Cody Streaming, a streaming media service * USS Cody, a Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport * Cyclone Cody, a South Pacific cyclone * Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe, a Republic Pictures multi-chapter movie serial which began as a proposed syndicated television series * Commander Cody (disambiguation) * Cote (disambiguation) * Nakia Codie (born 1977), American football player * Kodi (disambiguation)
Alex Sandro Rossi (born 22 April 1968) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He first appeared in the top level league with Sport Club Internacional. In 1992 Rossi moved to Cerro Porteño and, a year later, played in Argentina for Rosario Central and Banfield. In 1995, he went to Universitario but was in bad physical condition so he spent time on the bench. By the end of Descentralizado 1995 he recovered and help with many goals to get Universitario into 1996 Copa Libertadores. Since then, he played in Osasuna (Spain), and in Brazil again. * ficha tecnica. * ficha tecnica. * ficha tecnica.
The Walk of the Stars was a section of the Bandstand Promenade in Bandra, Mumbai honouring Bollywood film stars. The path features about six statues of famous Bollywood actors as well as about 100 brass plates embossed with the handprints and signatures of other stars. The walk is inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It is funded and privately managed by UTV and promoted through their UTV Stars television channel. The walk is 2 km long. It was inaugurated by actress Kareena Kapoor on 28 March 2012, with actor Randhir Kapoor and filmmaker Madhur Bhandarkar also present. The section was dissolved in 2014. A brass statue on the Walk of Stars cost inr 3500000. The following stars had been honoured with an autograph, tile or statue on the Walk of the Stars. * Bollywood * Bandstand Promenade * Hollywood Walk of Fame
The Sadhu Goureswar College (S G College) is a public college in Kanikapada area about 17 km from Jajpur city of Odisha state, India. It started as a tutorial college in 1973 with the help of local people, especially the teachers, generous donations, and academic interest of many social workers and intelligentsia. In 1975 it goes to Govt. of Odisha undertaken. The college is affiliated to CHSE, Odisha, Utkal University for +2 and +3 (Science, Commerce & Arts) stream respectively. The college gets B Grade accreditation from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). Again in 2017, the college was re-accredited with B+ in 2nd cycle of assessment.. ACADEMIC PROGRAMS Sadhu Goureswar College offers a range of undergraduate courses in three major streams: Arts, Science, and Commerce. These programs are designed to provide both theoretical and practical knowledge to students coming from rural and semi-urban backgrounds. Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) – Honours in: English, Odia, Sanskrit, History, Political Science, Economics Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) – Honours in: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Botany, Zoology Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) – Honours in: Commerce * http://www.sgckanikapada.org.in/default.asp
The European Junior Badminton Championships is a tournament organized by the Badminton Europe (BE) since 1969, and is held once every two years to crown the best junior badminton players in Europe. Team events were added to the program since the 1975 edition in Copenhagen, Denmark. * Badminton Europe: European Junior Championships-Individuals * Badminton Europe: European Junior Championships-Team
The Manila East Road, also known as National Road and National Highway, is a two-to-four lane primary and secondary highway connecting Metro Manila to the provinces of Rizal and Laguna in the Philippines. Since 2014, the entire road is a part of the series of national highways by the Department of Public Works and Highways. It is a component of National Route 60 from Pasig to Cainta, National Route 601 (N601) from Cainta to Famy, while the segment from Famy to Pagsanjan is a component of National Route 602 (N602). Manila East Road starts in barangay Rosario, Pasig as Ortigas Avenue at its intersection with Dr. Sixto Antonio Avenue. It then enters the province of Rizal at Cainta, where it turns south at Cainta Junction towards the poblacion. It enters Taytay, where it meets Taytay Diversion Road near the marketplace. It will then follow a route that circumscribes Laguna de Bay, passing through the municipalities of Angono, Binangonan, Cardona, Morong, Baras, Tanay, and Pililla in Rizal and Mabitac, Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil, Paete, Kalayaan, Lumban, and Pagsanjan in Laguna. Manila East Road is also known as National Road or National Highway. Its section from Rosario, Pasig to Cainta Junction is also known as Rosario–Cainta Road and a part of Ortigas Avenue Extension, while its section from Tanay to Pililla is also known as Tanay–Pililla Road. Its section designated as N602, from Famy to Pagsanjan, forms part of Calamba–Santa Cruz–Famy Junction Road. The highway is also locally known as the following within respective poblacions: * Bonifacio Avenue in Cainta * Rizal Avenue in Taytay * M.L. Quezon Avenue in Angono * Baltazar Street and J.P. Rizal Avenue in Binangonan * San Pedro Street and Rizal Street in Cardona * T. Claudio Street in Baras * J.P. Rizal Street in Baras and Pililla * M.H. Del Pilar Street and F.T. Catapusan Street in Tanay * G. Paz Street, M.L. Quezon Street, and M.A. Roxas Street in Pililla * Gen. Taino Street in Pagsanjan The highway used to start in or near Manila and took the present-day alignment of J.P. Rizal Avenue in Makati (formerly part of Rizal), branching off from Santa Ana, Manila, and later the present-day alignments of P. Sanchez Street in Santa Mesa and Shaw Boulevard. It was also designated as part of Highway 21 that linked the city of Manila with the provinces of Rizal and Laguna to the east, especially during the American colonial era.
Unió Esportiva Avià is a football team based in Avià, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Founded in 1963, it plays in. UE Avià was founded on 1963 but it not played FCF competitions until 1979–80 season. After a decade in the lower league of Catalonia football league system the club promoted four times. This season UE Avià plays in Primera Catalana, the highest regional level. * Official website
Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is a 2007 rhythm game developed by Neversoft and published by Activision. It is the third main installment and the fourth overall installment in the Guitar Hero series. It is the first game in the series to be developed by Neversoft after Activision's acquisition of RedOctane and MTV Games' purchase of Harmonix, the previous development studio for the series. The game was released worldwide for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Wii in October 2007. Aspyr published the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X versions of the game, releasing them later in 2007. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock retains the basic gameplay from previous games in the Guitar Hero series, in which the player uses a guitar-shaped controller to simulate the playing of lead, bass, and rhythm guitar parts in rock songs by playing in time to scrolling notes on-screen. The game, in addition to existing single-player Career modes, includes a new Co-Op Career mode and competitive challenges that pit the player against in-game characters and other players. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is the first game in the series to include an online multiplayer feature, which is enabled in the PlayStation 3, Wii and Xbox 360 versions. Initially the game offers over 70 songs, most of which are master tracks. The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions feature the ability to download additional songs. The musicians Tom Morello (of the bands Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave) and Slash (of Guns N' Roses and Velvet Revolver) make appearances both as guitar battle opponents and playable characters in the game. The PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows versions also include Bret Michaels (of Poison) as a non-playable character. Critics and fans acclaimed the game, but reviewers noted a difference in the game's style compared to previous installments, associating it with it being Neversoft's first development attempt with the series. The game is often cited to be too difficult, creating "walls of notes" that are difficult to complete, and led to alterations in note placement for future games in the series. According to Activision, Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is the best-selling video game of 2007, both in terms of units sold and revenue earned, and that it is the first single retail video game to exceed one billion dollars in sales. It is one of the best-selling third-party games available for the Wii. Gameplay for Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is similar to previous titles in the series. The player hits notes as they scroll towards the bottom of the screen in time with music to maintain their performance and earn points. To hit notes using the guitar controller, the player hits the strum bar while holding down the corresponding colored fret buttons. If the player uses the standard controller instead of the guitar controller, the correct buttons need to be pressed, but the player is not required to strum. Notes can be sustained, during which the fret button is held until the note is complete, and they can also form two- to four-note chords. The game simulates hammer-ons and pull-offs for sections with a rapid series of notes, allowing the player to forgo strumming on specifically marked notes. Missing a note causes the performance meter to drop. When the meter drops too low, the player fails the song, represented in-game by the band being booed off the stage. A string of 10 consecutive correct notes earns a multiplier to increase the player's score, which can occur up to four times. Special sections, marked by starred notes, can be used to build Star Power. When the player has enough Star Power, they can activate it and further double the scoring multiplier either by tilting the guitar controller vertically or by pressing a specific button on the controller. While Star Power enabled, the performance meter increases more quickly when a correct note is hit, and missing notes have a decreased penalty. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock contains four difficulty levels: Easy, which uses three of the fret buttons; Medium, which makes use of four of the fret buttons; Hard, which uses all five fret buttons; and Expert, which adds no new fret buttons, but increases the number of notes and the general difficulty. During a song, avatars of the virtual band, including one character selected by the player, will perform in time to the music, responding appropriately to the unleashing of Star Power or the failing of a song. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock has a cast of thirteen characters, which the player can further customize with alternate guitar skins and stage outfits using in-game money earned from successful performances. The player can access the game's three boss characters—Tom Morello, Slash, and Lou the Devil—as playable characters once they have completed their respective Boss Battles in Career mode. Although Bret Michaels appears in the game and sings specific songs, he is not a playable character in the game. The single-player Career mode in Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock features 8 tiers with 42 songs total. Within each tier, the player completes a number of songs, the number depending on the selected difficulty level, before they are offered an encore performance of one additional song and complete the tier. After a tier is complete, a new tier is introduced. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock includes Career mode boss battles based on the game's multiplayer Battle mode; at three points during the Career mode, the player must compete against a boss character to progress. Each successfully completed song earns in-game money that the player uses at the game's store to unlock new characters, outfits, guitars and finishes, bonus songs, and videos. Additionally, completing a song in Career mode unlocks it for play in all other game modes. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is the first game in the series to feature a storyline for the Career mode, portrayed through animated cartoon scenes between venues produced by Titmouse, Inc. Studios. The band starts as a neighborhood sensation, and after signing a recording contract with a shady music producer named Lou, gains worldwide fame, performing at venues around the world. However, when the band attempts to break the contract, Lou reveals himself to be the Devil, and their recording contract is actually a contract for their souls. Lou forces the band to play against him in the netherworld at "Lou's Inferno", but the band is able to succeed, forcing Lou to break the contract. The band returns to the mortal world as "Rock Legends". Two players using the same console can participate in Co-Op Career mode, with one player on lead guitar and the other on bass or rhythm guitar depending on the song. There are six tiers of songs which the players complete in the same manner as the single player Career mode. The encore song for each tier is unique to Co-Op Career mode. There are no boss battles in this mode. The animated Co-Op storyline portrays the vocalist and drummer, who are looking for a guitarist and bassist. After their first performance, the drummer decides to make a video of the band. The video helps boost the band's popularity, and they soon earn a gig in Japan. The band is forced to take a three-month hiatus to reconcile their differences of opinion on the band's future. Their comeback performance starts a neighborhood fire and places the band in jail. Lou arrives, offering the band to be freed from jail if they perform for the inmates. However, after their performance, the band finds themselves in Lou's Inferno, and is forced to play a live show for the netherworld in order to return to the mortal world. The Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii versions of Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock feature online competitive play, in which the player can compete against another user through the console's network service. There are three modes of online play, Face Off, Pro Face Off, and Battle mode. Face Off challenges are score attack modes introduced in Guitar Hero II where two players attempt to gain the best score on a given song; in the standard Face Off challenge, the players may select different difficulty levels, while Pro Face Off requires the players to play at the same difficulty. The Battle mode in Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is a competitive mode between two players either locally or over network play. Two players compete against each other and attempt to make their opponent fail or lose by successfully playing Battle Power sequences, which replaces Star Power sections, to earn attacks that can be used against the opponent. Players can store up to three attacks at a time, and release them by using the same methods used to trigger Star Power in normal gameplay. The resulting effect may either make the song more difficult for the other player by adding additional notes or partially displaying the gem tracks, or may force the opponent to perform special actions to clear the effect, such as by pressing a fret button down repeatedly in response to a broken guitar string effect. Should a player fail the song, the other player wins. If neither player fails the song, they compete in a Sudden Death segment, in which the only attainable Battle Powers are Death Drain attacks, which inevitably makes the opponent fail by draining his or her Rock Meter. Guitar Hero III was bundled with newly developed wireless guitar controllers for the console releases, though previous controllers from other Guitar Hero games could be used. Lee Guinchard, RedOctane's vice president of hardware, stated that wireless controllers were the "first, foremost consideration" for the game. The Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 version of the controller was modeled after a black Les Paul guitar, with faceplates that can be swapped out. The PlayStation 3 version requires a dongle to achieve wireless capabilities. The Wii version is also a Les Paul design, but features a special slot to insert the Wii Remote into. This slot allows the game to offer several features exclusive to the console, such as by using the internal speaker and rumble on the Remote to provide feedback on missed notes and Star Power. The PlayStation 2 guitar is based on a Kramer Striker model, and also uses a dongle to achieve wireless functionality. All models features a detachable guitar neck that would make it easier to transport the controller. The PC and Mac versions of the game are bundled with the same USB-based Gibson X-plorer model that shipped with Guitar Hero II. Activision purchased RedOctane in 2006 for $100 million to achieve "an early leadership position in music-based gaming". In September of that year, MTV acquired Harmonix, the developer of all Guitar Hero games up to that point; this purchase would later lead to the development of the competing music-game series, Rock Band. Without Harmonix's availability, Activision selected Neversoft to develop Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock. Neversoft president Joel Jewett stated his company was asked to develop the game because of a conversation that Jewett had with RedOctane's founders Kai and Charles Huang at the 2006 E3 Convention, in which Jewett mentioned how the first Guitar Hero game helped reduce the stress in the Neversoft offices during their development of Tony Hawk's Project 8. Several months later, Jewett was contacted by the Huangs, asking if Neversoft wanted to work on Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock. Dusty Welch, head of publishing at RedOctane, recognized Neversoft had a "10-year track record of launching a game every single year and being in the top of the charts" and felt that the development group "brought a better and deeper sense of music sensibilities" to the series. Despite the experience from the previous games, Alan Flores, head of development at Neversoft, commented that the game was "deceptively simple" and that it took much work for their 30-person team to recreate the gameplay for Guitar Hero III. Though they "wanted to take the Guitar Hero experience to the next level" by adding additional instruments in the same manner as Rock Band, they opted to focus on perfecting the guitar gameplay. In 2010, Activision CEO Bobby Kotick stated that they believed Neversoft would help them to develop great games for the series, but has since come to regret their failure to seek Harmonix for further development responsibility and believed this would have been a better move for both companies. The note tracks, on-stage motions of the band, and stage lighting and effect synchronization were created by the same team of developers who were all musicians and had previous experience in note tracking either from other music video games or from MIDI tracking. The note tracks were developed by placing notes in time with the song; for sections that had difficult parts to track within the game's engine, they opted to use sequences of notes that would seem to the match the music but still be playable. Hammer-ons and pull-offs ("HOPOs") for the previous Guitar Hero games were automatically placed by the software; in this iteration, the engine was designed to allow manual placement of HOPOs to make it easier to create certain effects in songs, such as sustained string bends. Character animations were selected from several made available by the animation team, while stage lighting and effects were selected to mimic those used in live performances from YouTube or from concert appearances. A separate team came up with the concepts for the various stages and arenas in the game. The team wanted to keep the same art style as the previous Guitar Hero games but add "a certain spark" to improve upon previous designs. Once a stage idea was brainstormed, the team sought visual references from real stages to expand upon, and a 2D drawing of the envisioned stage was prepared for review and to remain a constant goal of the stage design. From that, a "pop up" three-dimensional version of the stage was created, and elements from the 2D concept art were added to determine the appropriate placement of set decorations. This team worked with the animation department to place the band members, stage lighting, and other effects in the game before the final 3D version of the stage was completed. The final stages included several animated elements to help further bring the stage to life. For the game's characters, the developers intended to keep the comical looks from the previous games, but they decided to update their appearances with realistic materials and textures to take advantage of the more powerful level of graphics capabilities of seventh-generation consoles. The designers first drew character sketches to determine the characters' looks and clothing, creating a main and an alternate outfit for each character, which were then made into reference artwork. Afterward, low-level meshes for each character were created, with details added with Zbrush, resulting in characters that, before being scaled down for the game environment, had more than six million polygons. Texture of Couches and pixel shaders were added using the team's previous work on Tony Hawk's Project 8 to match the style of earlier Guitar Hero games. Unlike the Tony Hawk games, each character in the game was given a unique skeleton to match their variations in sizes and shapes, allowing the animators to create unique moves for individual characters. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock introduces three new characters modeled after real-life musicians. Slash, Tom Morello, and Bret Michaels, each performing one or more songs from their past recordings. All three were brought into the game using motion capture from the Motion Analysis Corporation. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock features 73 playable songs; 42 are part of the main setlist, 6 are exclusive to the Co-Op Career mode, and the remaining 25 are bonus tracks. In total, 54 of the game's songs are master recordings. In addition, the Career mode includes three guitar battles, one against each boss: Slash, Tom Morello, and Lou the Devil. Slash and Morello both wrote and recorded original battle music for the game. Guitarists Steve Ouimette, Ed DeGenaro and Geoff Tyson play as Lou the Devil for the final battle, and re-recorded a metal guitar version of "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" for that purpose. The soundtrack features songs such as "Paint It Black" by The Rolling Stones, "Cherub Rock" by The Smashing Pumpkins, "Sabotage" by Beastie Boys, "The Metal" by Tenacious D, "My Name is Jonas" by Weezer, "Rock and Roll All Nite" by Kiss, "School's Out" by Alice Cooper, "Talk Dirty to Me" by Poison, "Slow Ride" by Foghat, "Barracuda" by Heart, and "Down 'n Dirty" by L.A. Slum Lords. It also features re-recordings of "Anarchy in the U.K." by Sex Pistols and "Cult of Personality" by Living Colour specifically for Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock, as the original master tracks could not be found. This game is the second game in the series to feature a bonus track (The Stone Roses' "She Bangs the Drums") that is not an original recording. The first being a remake of "Drink Up" performed by Ounce of Self on Guitar Hero II. The game also supports downloadable tracks for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions; several free and for-cost downloadable songs and song packs are available on the PlayStation Store. They are unavailable for purchase on the Xbox 360 and Playstation 3 after being delisted by Activision on March 31st 2014 due to licensing issues. In July 2008, Activision announced that it would release downloadable content for the Wii in the first quarter of 2008, but eventually was unable to do so because of limitations with the Wii's internal memory storage, an issue that was overcome in the sequel, Guitar Hero World Tour. When heavy metal band Metallica released their album Death Magnetic on September 12, 2008, it was also made available as a downloadable song pack for Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock, Guitar Hero World Tour and the 2009 spin-off Guitar Hero Metallica. In addition, the compact disc soundtrack for the game offers a code used to redeem three exclusive playable tracks on the Xbox Live Marketplace. Activision's original announcement of Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock indicated a planned release in their 2008 fiscal year, ending on March 31, 2008.; RedOctane later clarified a release in the last quarter of 2007, and further revealed that all versions of the game would feature wireless controllers as well as online multiplayer and downloadable content. The game was officially announced by Activision and RedOctane on May 23, 2007, for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii and Xbox 360. Budcat Creations ported the game to the PlayStation 2, and Vicarious Visions ported it to the Wii. In September 2007, Aspyr announced they would be publishing Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X ports. Demos of Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock appeared in Tony Hawk's Proving Ground for the Xbox 360 in the Xbox Live Marketplace, and from the Internet as an ISO image. The demo features five songs ("Lay Down", "Rock You Like a Hurricane", "Even Flow", "Hit Me with Your Best Shot", and "The Metal") played within the Desert Rock Tour venue. As shipped, the game did not offer offline Co-Op Quickplay mode, a feature that was included in Guitar Hero II. This mode was added to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions via a patch. Activision called Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock its "largest product launch ever", selling more than 1.4 million copies, and making over $100 million in its first week of release in North America; another 1.9 million copies were sold in the following month. Subsequently, the company was concerned that they were unable to meet the game's demand for the 2007 holiday season. As of July 15, 2008, the game has sold more than eight million copies. During the first seven months of 2008, the game sold 3.037 million units in the United States, 412,000 in the United Kingdom, and 26,000 in Japan, for a total of 3.475 million units, according to the NPD Group, GfK Chart-Track, and Enterbrain. More than two million copies of the game were sold for the Wii platform, making it the best-selling third-party title for the platform. Game sales during the first 12 months after the game's release were over $750 million. At the 2009 Consumer Electronics Show, Activision CEO Mike Griffith stated that Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock is the first retail video game to exceed one billion dollars in sales. According to accumulated data from NPD Group in January 2010, Guitar Hero III is the second best-selling video game in the United States since 1995, following Wii Play. In March 2011, the title had become the top selling game with $830.9 million in lifetime sales. Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock received acclaim from critics and fans, although it scored lower than its predecessors on review aggregator Metacritic. The Gibson Les Paul controller included with the game's bundled version received particular praise. GameSpy, in a review of the four console versions, favorable reviewed the new controllers, and called the Wii guitar the best guitar peripheral that they had seen, praising the vibration option. Several reviews criticized the changes made to Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock compared to previous games in the Guitar Hero series. IGN's review of the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions considered the game a "pretty safe effort" from Neversoft, doing little to change the game due to it being their first time working on the series. They also criticized the lack of customizable characters. IGN's review of the Wii version described the game's presentation and art direction as feeling "forced", and, as a result, less visually appealing than previous installments. GameSpy criticized some of the difficulty tweaks in the game, stating that "Medium simply feels like Hard-minus-the-orange-button," and that the Star Power phrases were too long, comparing the overall game to a "trial by fire" in contrast to the previous games in the series. They were critical of the dongle approach used for the PlayStation 3 controllers, and failings in the online support for the PlayStation 3 version. They also stated that the PlayStation 2 version received "the short end of the stick" because of a lack of online play. GameSpot criticized the game for its "heavy dose of in-game advertising." Official Xbox Magazine also criticized the game for being "too competitive", a facet not readily found in the previous games. The PC version has been criticized for its high system requirements, and for lag and slowdown problems even on high-end systems. During the 11th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, Guitar Hero III received nominations for "Family Game of the Year" and "Outstanding Achievement in Soundtrack" by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. Recognizing the game's popularity, Guinness World Records created a category for the Highest Score for a Single Song on Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock in its Gamer's Edition, using the song "Through the Fire and Flames", noted as the most difficult song in the game. The record has been traded back and forth between Chris Chike, who also won the 2008 Play N Trade National Guitar Hero III Tournament, and Danny Johnson, the present holder of the record. Both Chike and Johnson have completed the song without missing a note, documenting their performances on YouTube, though both Chike and Johnson have hit 100% of the notes at an official event leading to a hard world record breaker. In November 2010, Axl Rose sued Activision for $20 million for misuse of Guns N' Roses music and its musicians (specifically Slash) in Guitar Hero III. In the lawsuit, Rose claims that when he learned that a Slash-like character and other Velvet Revolver songs would be included in Guitar Hero II, he refused to allow Activision to use "Welcome to the Jungle" within Guitar Hero III, nor promotional images of Slash that had already been created. According to Rose's claims, Activision stated that these would only be used as promotional material for a trade show, but ended up using them within the game. Furthermore, Rose asserts that Activision had used "Sweet Child o' Mine", which was only licensed for use on Guitar Hero II, for promotional material within Guitar Hero III. The judge in the case allowed the trial to move forward after an initial hearing in March 2011. A jury trial was expected to start in May 2012. At initial hearings in August 2012, the judge dismissed a fraud claim made by Rose, considering that it took three years for Rose and his publisher Black Frog Music to file these claims after the release of the game, an excessively long time for such a claim. The judge maintained the likelihood of the breach of contract argument, setting a jury trial to likely occur in early 2013. In January and February 2013, the judge dismissed the case, indicated that the lateness of the filing of the lawsuit, about three years since the release of the game, gave him grounds to throw out the suit, though Rose stated that the delay was due to promises made by Activision for a Guns N' Roses-themed game as compensation for the violation of contract terms. Although the Wii version of the game was advertised as supporting Dolby Pro Logic II, players reported that the game would output audio in neither Pro Logic II nor stereo, providing only mono sound. Activision had offered a free replacement remastered game disc that corrects this issue for North American and European releases. Later, Activision further extended the replacement program to include a full refund of the game's purchase price as an alternative to obtaining a replacement disc. A class-action lawsuit over the mono sound issue was settled out of court, and Activision agreed to ship free faceplates for the Les Paul guitar controller to those who requested a replacement disc. Additionally, during the first few days of the game's release, players experienced difficulties uploading their scores to the official Guitar Hero website. Neversoft attributed the problem to "heavy amounts of traffic".
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations. A historically left-wing movement, anarchism is usually described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism). Although traces of anarchist ideas are found all throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlightenment. During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and had a significant role in workers' struggles for emancipation. Various anarchist schools of thought formed during this period. Anarchists have taken part in several revolutions, most notably in the Paris Commune, the Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War, whose conclusion marked the end of the classical era of anarchism. In the last decades of the 20th and into the 21st century, the anarchist movement has been resurgent once more, growing in popularity and influence within anti-capitalist, anti-war and anti-globalisation movements. Anarchists employ diverse approaches, which may be generally divided into revolutionary and evolutionary strategies; there is significant overlap between the two. Evolutionary methods try to simulate what an anarchist society might be like, but revolutionary tactics, which have historically taken a violent turn, aim to overthrow authority and the state. Many facets of human civilization have been influenced by anarchist theory, critique, and praxis. The etymological origin of anarchism is from the Ancient Greek anarkhia (ἀναρχία), meaning "without a ruler", composed of the prefix an- ("without") and the word arkhos ("leader" or "ruler"). The suffix -ism denotes the ideological current that favours anarchy. Anarchism appears in English from 1642 as anarchisme and anarchy from 1539; early English usages emphasised a sense of disorder. Various factions within the French Revolution labelled their opponents as anarchists, although few such accused shared many views with later anarchists. Many revolutionaries of the 19th century such as William Godwin (1756–1836) and Wilhelm Weitling (1808–1871) would contribute to the anarchist doctrines of the next generation but did not use anarchist or anarchism in describing themselves or their beliefs. The first political philosopher to call himself an anarchist was Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865), marking the formal birth of anarchism in the mid-19th century. Since the 1890s and beginning in France, libertarianism has often been used as a synonym for anarchism; its use as a synonym is still common outside the United States. Some usages of libertarianism refer to individualistic free-market philosophy only, and free-market anarchism in particular is termed libertarian anarchism. While the term libertarian has been largely synonymous with anarchism, its meaning has more recently been diluted by wider adoption from ideologically disparate groups, including both the New Left and libertarian Marxists, who do not associate themselves with authoritarian socialists or a vanguard party, and extreme cultural liberals, who are primarily concerned with civil liberties. Additionally, some anarchists use libertarian socialist to avoid anarchism's negative connotations and emphasise its connections with socialism. Anarchism is broadly used to describe the anti-authoritarian wing of the socialist movement. Anarchism is contrasted to socialist forms which are state-oriented or from above. Scholars of anarchism generally highlight anarchism's socialist credentials and criticise attempts at creating dichotomies between the two. Some scholars describe anarchism as having many influences from liberalism, and being both liberal and socialist but more so. Many scholars reject anarcho-capitalism as a misunderstanding of anarchist principles. While opposition to the state is central to anarchist thought, defining anarchism is not an easy task for scholars, as there is a lot of discussion among scholars and anarchists on the matter, and various currents perceive anarchism slightly differently. Major definitional elements include the will for a non-coercive society, the rejection of the state apparatus, the belief that human nature allows humans to exist in or progress toward such a non-coercive society, and a suggestion on how to act to pursue the ideal of anarchy. The most notable precursors to anarchism in the ancient world were in China and Greece. In China, philosophical anarchism (the discussion on the legitimacy of the state) was delineated by Taoist philosophers Zhuang Zhou and Laozi. Alongside Stoicism, Taoism has been said to have had "significant anticipations" of anarchism. Anarchic attitudes were also articulated by tragedians and philosophers in Greece. Aeschylus and Sophocles used the myth of Antigone to illustrate the conflict between laws imposed by the state and personal autonomy. Socrates questioned Athenian authorities constantly and insisted on the right of individual freedom of conscience. Cynics dismissed human law (nomos) and associated authorities while trying to live according to nature (physis). Stoics were supportive of a society based on unofficial and friendly relations among its citizens without the presence of a state. In medieval Europe, there was no anarchistic activity except some ascetic religious movements. These, and other Muslim movements, later gave birth to religious anarchism. In the Sasanian Empire, Mazdak called for an egalitarian society and the abolition of monarchy, only to be soon executed by Emperor Kavad I. In Basra, religious sects preached against the state. In Europe, various religious sects developed anti-state and libertarian tendencies. Renewed interest in antiquity during the Renaissance and in private judgment during the Reformation restored elements of anti-authoritarian secularism in Europe, particularly in France. Enlightenment challenges to intellectual authority (secular and religious) and the revolutions of the 1790s and 1848 all spurred the ideological development of what became the era of classical anarchism. During the French Revolution, partisan groups such as the Enragés and the sans-culottes saw a turning point in the fermentation of anti-state and federalist sentiments. The first anarchist currents developed throughout the 19th century as William Godwin espoused philosophical anarchism in England, morally delegitimising the state, Max Stirner's thinking paved the way to individualism and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's theory of mutualism found fertile soil in France. By the late 1870s, various anarchist schools of thought had become well-defined and a wave of then-unprecedented globalisation occurred from 1880 to 1914. This era of classical anarchism lasted until the end of the Spanish Civil War and is considered the golden age of anarchism. Drawing from mutualism, Mikhail Bakunin founded collectivist anarchism and entered the International Workingmen's Association, a class worker union later known as the First International that formed in 1864 to unite diverse revolutionary currents. The International became a significant political force, with Karl Marx being a leading figure and a member of its General Council. Bakunin's faction (the Jura Federation) and Proudhon's followers (the mutualists) opposed state socialism, advocating political abstentionism and small property holdings. After bitter disputes, the Bakuninists were expelled from the International by the Marxists at the 1872 Hague Congress. Anarchists were treated similarly in the Second International, being ultimately expelled in 1896. Bakunin predicted that if revolutionaries gained power by Marx's terms, they would end up the new tyrants of workers. In response to their expulsion from the First International, anarchists formed the St. Imier International. Under the influence of Peter Kropotkin, a Russian philosopher and scientist, anarcho-communism overlapped with collectivism. Anarcho-communists, who drew inspiration from the 1871 Paris Commune, advocated for free federation and for the distribution of goods according to one's needs. During this time, a minority of anarchists adopted tactics of revolutionary political violence, known as propaganda of the deed. The dismemberment of the French socialist movement into many groups and the execution and exile of many Communards to penal colonies following the suppression of the Paris Commune favoured individualist political expression and acts. Even though many anarchists distanced themselves from these terrorist acts, infamy came upon the movement and attempts were made to prevent anarchists immigrating to the US, including the Immigration Act of 1903, also called the Anarchist Exclusion Act. Illegalism was another strategy which some anarchists adopted during this period. By the turn of the 20th century, the terrorist movement had died down, giving way to anarchist communism and syndicalism, while anarchism had spread all over the world. In China, small groups of students imported the humanistic pro-science version of anarcho-communism. Tokyo was a hotspot for rebellious youth from East Asian countries, who moved to the Japanese capital to study. In Latin America, Argentina was a stronghold for anarcho-syndicalism, where it became the most prominent left-wing ideology. Anarchists were involved in the Strandzha Commune and Krusevo Republic established in Macedonia in Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising of 1903, and in the Mexican Revolution of 1910. The revolutionary wave of 1917–23 saw varying degrees of active participation by anarchists. Despite concerns, anarchists enthusiastically participated in the Russian Revolution in opposition to the White movement, especially in the Makhnovshchina. Seeing the victories of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, many workers and activists turned to Communist parties, which grew at the expense of anarchism and other socialist movements. In France and the United States, members of major syndicalist movements such as the General Confederation of Labour and the Industrial Workers of the World left their organisations and joined the Communist International. However, anarchists met harsh suppression after the Bolshevik government had stabilised, including during the Kronstadt rebellion. Several anarchists from Petrograd and Moscow fled to Ukraine, before the Bolsheviks crushed the anarchist movement there too. With the anarchists being repressed in Russia, two new antithetical currents emerged, namely platformism and synthesis anarchism. The former sought to create a coherent group that would push for revolution while the latter were against anything that would resemble a political party. In the Spanish Civil War of 1936–39, anarchists and syndicalists (CNT and FAI) once again allied themselves with various currents of leftists. A long tradition of Spanish anarchism led to anarchists playing a pivotal role in the war, and particularly in the Spanish Revolution of 1936. In response to the army rebellion, an anarchist-inspired movement of peasants and workers, supported by armed militias, took control of Barcelona and of large areas of rural Spain, where they collectivised the land. The Soviet Union provided some limited assistance at the beginning of the war, but the result was a bitter fight between communists and other leftists in a series of events known as the May Days, as Joseph Stalin asserted Soviet control of the Republican government, ending in another defeat of anarchists at the hands of the communists. By the end of World War II, the anarchist movement had been severely weakened. The 1960s witnessed a revival of anarchism, likely caused by a perceived failure of Marxism–Leninism and tensions built by the Cold War. During this time, anarchism found a presence in other movements critical towards both capitalism and the state such as the anti-nuclear, environmental, and peace movements, the counterculture of the 1960s, and the New Left. It also saw a transition from its previous revolutionary nature to provocative anti-capitalist reformism. Anarchism became associated with punk subculture as exemplified by bands such as Crass and the Sex Pistols. The established feminist tendencies of anarcha-feminism returned with vigour during the second wave of feminism. Black anarchism began to take form at this time and influenced anarchism's move from a Eurocentric demographic. This coincided with its failure to gain traction in Northern Europe and its unprecedented height in Latin America. Around the turn of the 21st century, anarchism grew in popularity and influence within anti-capitalist, anti-war and anti-globalisation movements. Interest in the anarchist movement developed alongside momentum in the anti-globalisation movement, whose leading activist networks were anarchist in orientation. Anarchists became known for their involvement in protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Group of Eight and the World Economic Forum. During the protests, ad hoc leaderless anonymous cadres known as black blocs engaged in rioting, property destruction and violent confrontations with the police. Other organisational tactics pioneered at this time include affinity groups, security culture and the use of decentralised technologies such as the Internet. A significant event of this period was the confrontations at the 1999 Seattle WTO conference. As the movement shaped 21st century radicalism, wider embrace of anarchist principles signaled a revival of interest. Contemporary news coverage of black bloc demonstrations emphasizes violence committed by anarchists. While having revolutionary aspirations, many contemporary forms of anarchism are not confrontational. Instead, they are trying to build an alternative way of social organization (following the theories of dual power), based on mutual interdependence and voluntary cooperation, for instance in groups such as Food Not Bombs and in self-managed social centers. Anarchism's publicity has also led more scholars in fields such as anthropology and history to engage with the anarchist movement, although contemporary anarchism favours actions over academic theory. Anarchist ideas have been influential in the development of the Zapatistas in Mexico and the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, more commonly known as Rojava, a de facto autonomous region in northern Syria. Anarchist schools of thought have been generally grouped into two main historical traditions, social anarchism and individualist anarchism, owing to their different origins, values and evolution. The individualist current emphasises negative liberty in opposing restraints upon the free individual, while the social current emphasises positive liberty in aiming to achieve the free potential of society through equality and social ownership. In a chronological sense, anarchism can be segmented by the classical currents of the late 19th century and the post-classical currents (anarcha-feminism, green anarchism, and post-anarchism) developed thereafter. Anarchism's emphasis on anti-capitalism, egalitarianism, and for the extension of community and individuality sets it apart from anarcho-capitalism and other types of economic libertarianism. Anarchism is usually placed on the far-left of the political spectrum, though many reject state authority from conservative principles, such as anarcho-capitalists. Much of its economics and legal philosophy reflect anti-authoritarian, anti-statist, libertarian, and radical interpretations of left-wing and socialist politics such as collectivism, communism, individualism, mutualism, and syndicalism, among other libertarian socialist economic theories. As anarchism does not offer a fixed body of doctrine from a single particular worldview, many anarchist types and traditions exist and varieties of anarchy diverge widely. One reaction against sectarianism within the anarchist milieu was anarchism without adjectives, a call for toleration and unity among anarchists first adopted by Fernando Tarrida del Mármol in 1889 in response to the bitter debates of anarchist theory at the time. Despite separation, the various anarchist schools of thought are not seen as distinct entities but rather as tendencies that intermingle and are connected through a set of shared principles such as autonomy, mutual aid, anti-authoritarianism and decentralisation. Beyond the specific factions of anarchist political movements which constitute political anarchism lies philosophical anarchism, which holds that the state lacks moral legitimacy, without necessarily accepting the imperative of revolution to eliminate it. A component especially of individualist anarchism, philosophical anarchism may tolerate the existence of a minimal state but claims that citizens have no moral obligation to obey government when it conflicts with individual autonomy. Philosophical currents as diverse as Objectivism and Kantianism have provided arguments drawn on in favor of philosophical anarchism, including Wolff's defense of anarchism against formal methods for legitimating it. Anarchism pays significant attention to moral arguments since ethics have a central role in anarchist philosophy. Belief in political nihilism has been espoused by anarchists. Inceptive currents among classical anarchist currents were mutualism and individualism. They were followed by the major currents of social anarchism (collectivist, communist and syndicalist). They differ on organisational and economic aspects of their ideal society. Mutualism is an 18th-century economic theory that was developed into anarchist theory by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Its aims include "abolishing the state", reciprocity, free association, voluntary contract, federation and monetary reform of both credit and currency that would be regulated by a bank of the people. Mutualism has been retrospectively characterised as ideologically situated between individualist and collectivist forms of anarchism. In What Is Property? (1840), Proudhon first characterised his goal as a "third form of society, the synthesis of communism and property." Collectivist anarchism is a revolutionary socialist form of anarchism commonly associated with Mikhail Bakunin. Collectivist anarchists advocate collective ownership of the means of production which is theorised to be achieved through violent revolution and that workers be paid according to time worked, rather than goods being distributed according to need as in communism. Collectivist anarchism arose alongside Marxism but rejected the dictatorship of the proletariat despite the stated Marxist goal of a collectivist stateless society. Anarcho-communism is a theory of anarchism that advocates a communist society with common ownership of the means of production, held by a federal network of voluntary associations, with production and consumption based on the guiding principle "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." Anarcho-communism developed from radical socialist currents after the French Revolution but was first formulated as such in the Italian section of the First International. It was later expanded upon in the theoretical work of Peter Kropotkin, whose specific style would go onto become the dominating view of anarchists by the late 19th century. Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism that views labour syndicates as a potential force for revolutionary social change, replacing capitalism and the state with a new society democratically self-managed by workers. The basic principles of anarcho-syndicalism are direct action, workers' solidarity and workers' self-management. Individualist anarchism is a set of several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasise the individual and their will over any kinds of external determinants. Early influences on individualist forms of anarchism include William Godwin, Max Stirner, and Henry David Thoreau. Through many countries, individualist anarchism attracted a small yet diverse following of Bohemian artists and intellectuals as well as young anarchist outlaws in what became known as illegalism and individual reclamation. Anarchism has continued to generate many philosophies and movements, at times eclectic, drawing upon various sources and combining disparate concepts to create new philosophical approaches. The anti-capitalist tradition of classical anarchism has remained prominent within contemporary currents. Various anarchist groups, tendencies, and schools of thought exist today, making it difficult to describe the contemporary anarchist movement. While theorists and activists have established "relatively stable constellations of anarchist principles", there is no consensus on which principles are core and commentators describe multiple anarchisms, rather than a singular anarchism, in which common principles are shared between schools of anarchism while each group prioritizes those principles differently. Gender equality can be a common principle, although it ranks as a higher priority to anarcha-feminists than anarcho-communists. Anarchists are generally committed against coercive authority in all forms, namely "all centralized and hierarchical forms of government (e.g., monarchy, representative democracy, state socialism, etc.), economic class systems (e.g., capitalism, Bolshevism, feudalism, slavery, etc.), autocratic religions (e.g., fundamentalist Islam, Roman Catholicism, etc.), patriarchy, heterosexism, white supremacy, and imperialism." Anarchist schools disagree on the methods by which these forms should be opposed. Anarchists' tactics take various forms but in general serve two major goals, namely, to first oppose the Establishment and secondly to promote anarchist ethics and reflect an anarchist vision of society, illustrating the unity of means and ends. A broad categorisation can be made between aims to destroy oppressive states and institutions by revolutionary means on one hand and aims to change society through evolutionary means on the other. Evolutionary tactics embrace nonviolence and take a gradual approach to anarchist aims, although there is significant overlap between the two. Anarchist tactics have shifted during the course of the last century. Anarchists during the early 20th century focused more on strikes and militancy while contemporary anarchists use a broader array of approaches. During the classical era, anarchists had a militant tendency. Not only did they confront state armed forces, as in Spain and Ukraine, but some of them also employed terrorism as propaganda of the deed. Assassination attempts were carried out against heads of state, some of which were successful. Anarchists also took part in revolutions. Many anarchists, especially the Galleanists, believed that these attempts would be the impetus for a revolution against capitalism and the state. Many of these attacks were done by individual assailants and the majority took place in the late 1870s, the early 1880s and the 1890s, with some still occurring in the early 1900s. Their decrease in prevalence was the result of further judicial power and of targeting and cataloging by state institutions. Anarchist perspectives towards violence have always been controversial. Anarcho-pacifists advocate for non-violence means to achieve their stateless, nonviolent ends. Other anarchist groups advocate direct action, a tactic which can include acts of sabotage or terrorism. This attitude was quite prominent a century ago when seeing the state as a tyrant and some anarchists believing that they had every right to oppose its oppression by any means possible. Emma Goldman and Errico Malatesta, who were proponents of limited use of violence, stated that violence is merely a reaction to state violence as a necessary evil. Anarchists took an active role in strike actions, although they tended to be antipathetic to formal syndicalism, seeing it as reformist. They saw it as a part of the movement which sought to overthrow the state and capitalism. Anarchists also reinforced their propaganda within the arts, some of whom practiced naturism and nudism. Those anarchists also built communities which were based on friendship and were involved in the news media. In the current era, Italian anarchist Alfredo Bonanno, a proponent of insurrectionary anarchism, has reinstated the debate on violence by rejecting the nonviolence tactic adopted since the late 19th century by Kropotkin and other prominent anarchists afterwards. Both Bonanno and the French group The Invisible Committee advocate for small, informal affiliation groups, where each member is responsible for their own actions but works together to bring down oppression using sabotage and other violent means against state, capitalism, and other enemies. Members of The Invisible Committee were arrested in 2008 on various charges, terrorism included. Overall, contemporary anarchists are much less violent and militant than their ideological ancestors. They mostly engage in confronting the police during demonstrations and riots, especially in countries such as Canada, Greece, and Mexico. Militant black bloc protest groups are known for clashing with the police; however, anarchists not only clash with state operators, they also engage in the struggle against fascists, racists, and other bigots, taking anti-fascist action and mobilizing to prevent hate rallies from happening. Anarchists commonly employ direct action. This can take the form of disrupting and protesting against unjust hierarchy, or the form of self-managing their lives through the creation of counter-institutions such as communes and non-hierarchical collectives. Decision-making is often handled in an anti-authoritarian way, with everyone having equal say in each decision, an approach known as horizontalism. Contemporary-era anarchists have been engaging with various grassroots movements that are more or less based on horizontalism, although not explicitly anarchist, respecting personal autonomy and participating in mass activism such as strikes and demonstrations. In contrast with the "big-A Anarchism" of the classical era, the newly coined term "small-a anarchism" signals their tendency not to base their thoughts and actions on classical-era anarchism or to refer to classical anarchists such as Peter Kropotkin and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon to justify their opinions. Those anarchists would rather base their thought and praxis on their own experience, which they will later theorize. The concept of prefigurative politics is enacted by many contemporary anarchist groups, striving to embody the principles, organization and tactics of the changed social structure they hope to bring about. As part of this the decision-making process of small anarchist affinity groups plays a significant tactical role. Anarchists have employed various methods to build a rough consensus among members of their group without the need of a leader or a leading group. One way is for an individual from the group to play the role of facilitator to help achieve a consensus without taking part in the discussion themselves or promoting a specific point. Minorities usually accept rough consensus, except when they feel the proposal contradicts anarchist ethics, goals and values. Anarchists usually form small groups (5–20 individuals) to enhance autonomy and friendships among their members. These kinds of groups more often than not interconnect with each other, forming larger networks. Anarchists still support and participate in strikes, especially wildcat strikes as these are leaderless strikes not organised centrally by a syndicate. As in the past, newspapers and journals are used, and anarchists have gone online to spread their message. Anarchists have found it easier to create websites because of distributional and other difficulties, hosting electronic libraries and other portals. Anarchists were also involved in developing various software that are available for free. The way these hacktivists work to develop and distribute resembles the anarchist ideals, especially when it comes to preserving users' privacy from state surveillance. Anarchists organize themselves to squat and reclaim public spaces. During important events such as protests and when spaces are being occupied, they are often called Temporary Autonomous Zones (TAZ), spaces where art, poetry, and surrealism are blended to display the anarchist ideal. As seen by anarchists, squatting is a way to regain urban space from the capitalist market, serving pragmatical needs and also being an exemplary direct action. Acquiring space enables anarchists to experiment with their ideas and build social bonds. Adding up these tactics while having in mind that not all anarchists share the same attitudes towards them, along with various forms of protesting at highly symbolic events, make up a carnivalesque atmosphere that is part of contemporary anarchist vividity. As anarchism is a philosophy that embodies many diverse attitudes, tendencies, and schools of thought, disagreement over questions of values, ideology, and tactics is common. Its diversity has led to widely different uses of identical terms among different anarchist traditions which has created a number of definitional concerns in anarchist theory. The compatibility of capitalism, nationalism, and religion with anarchism is widely disputed, and anarchism enjoys complex relationships with ideologies such as communism, collectivism, Marxism, and trade unionism. Anarchists may be motivated by humanism, divine authority, enlightened self-interest, veganism, or any number of alternative ethical doctrines. Phenomena such as civilisation, technology (e.g. within anarcho-primitivism), and the democratic process may be sharply criticised within some anarchist tendencies and simultaneously lauded in others. Objection to the state and its institutions is a sine qua non of anarchism. Anarchists consider the state as a tool of domination and believe it to be illegitimate regardless of its political tendencies. Instead of people being able to control the aspects of their life, major decisions are taken by a small elite. Authority ultimately rests solely on power, regardless of whether that power is open or transparent, as it still has the ability to coerce people. Another anarchist argument against states is that the people constituting a government, even the most altruistic among officials, will unavoidably seek to gain more power, leading to corruption. Anarchists consider the idea that the state is the collective will of the people to be an unachievable fiction due to the fact that the ruling class is distinct from the rest of society. Specific anarchist attitudes towards the state vary. Robert Paul Wolff believed that the tension between authority and autonomy would mean the state could never be legitimate. Bakunin saw the state as meaning "coercion, domination by means of coercion, camouflaged if possible but unceremonious and overt if need be." A. John Simmons and Leslie Green, who leaned toward philosophical anarchism, believed that the state could be legitimate if it is governed by consensus, although they saw this as highly unlikely. Beliefs on how to abolish the state also differ. As gender and sexuality carry along them dynamics of hierarchy, many anarchists address, analyse, and oppose the suppression of one's autonomy imposed by gender roles. Sexuality was not often discussed by classical anarchists but the few that did felt that an anarchist society would lead to sexuality naturally developing. Sexual violence was a concern for anarchists such as Benjamin Tucker, who opposed age-of-consent laws, believing they would benefit predatory men. A historical current that arose and flourished during 1890 and 1920 within anarchism was free love. In contemporary anarchism, this current survives as a tendency to support polyamory, relationship anarchy, and queer anarchism. Free love advocates were against marriage, which they saw as a way of men imposing authority over women, largely because marriage law greatly favoured the power of men. The notion of free love was much broader and included a critique of the established order that limited women's sexual freedom and pleasure. Those free love movements contributed to the establishment of communal houses, where large groups of travelers, anarchists and other activists slept in beds together. Free love had roots both in Europe and the United States; however, some anarchists struggled with the jealousy that arose from free love. Anarchist feminists were advocates of free love, against marriage, and pro-choice (using a contemporary term), and had a similar agenda. Anarchist and non-anarchist feminists differed on suffrage but were supportive of one another. During the second half of the 20th century, anarchism intermingled with the second wave of feminism, radicalising some currents of the feminist movement and being influenced as well. By the latest decades of the 20th century, anarchists and feminists were advocating for the rights and autonomy of women, LGBT people, and other marginalised groups, with some feminist thinkers suggesting a fusion of the two currents. With the third wave of feminism, sexual identity and compulsory heterosexuality became a subject of study for anarchists, yielding a post-structuralist critique of sexual normality. Some anarchists distanced themselves from this line of thinking, suggesting that it leaned towards an individualism that was dropping the cause of social liberation. The interest of anarchists in education stretches back to the first emergence of classical anarchism. Anarchists consider proper education, one which sets the foundations of the future autonomy of the individual and the society, to be an act of mutual aid. Anarchist writers such as William Godwin (Political Justice) and Max Stirner ("The False Principle of Our Education") attacked both state education and private education as another means by which the ruling class replicate their privileges. In 1901, Catalan anarchist and free thinker Francisco Ferrer established the Escuela Moderna in Barcelona as an opposition to the established education system which was dictated largely by the Catholic Church. Ferrer's approach was secular, rejecting both state and church involvement in the educational process while giving pupils large amounts of autonomy in planning their work and attendance. Ferrer aimed to educate the working class and explicitly sought to foster class consciousness among students. The school closed after constant harassment by the state and Ferrer was later arrested. Nonetheless, his ideas formed the inspiration for a series of modern schools around the world. Christian anarchist Leo Tolstoy, who published the essay Education and Culture, also established a similar school with its founding principle being that "for education to be effective it had to be free." In a similar token, A. S. Neill founded what became the Summerhill School in 1921, also declaring being free from coercion. Anarchist education is based largely on the idea that a child's right to develop freely and without manipulation ought to be respected and that rationality would lead children to morally good conclusions; however, there has been little consensus among anarchist figures as to what constitutes manipulation. Ferrer believed that moral indoctrination was necessary and explicitly taught pupils that equality, liberty and social justice were not possible under capitalism, along with other critiques of government and nationalism. Late 20th century and contemporary anarchist writers (Paul Goodman, Herbert Read, and Colin Ward) intensified and expanded the anarchist critique of state education, largely focusing on the need for a system that focuses on children's creativity rather than on their ability to attain a career or participate in consumerism as part of a consumer society. Contemporary anarchists such as Ward claim that state education serves to perpetuate socioeconomic inequality. While few anarchist education institutions have survived to the modern-day, major tenets of anarchist schools, among them respect for child autonomy and relying on reasoning rather than indoctrination as a teaching method, have spread among mainstream educational institutions. Judith Suissa names three schools as explicitly anarchists' schools, namely the Free Skool Santa Cruz in the United States which is part of a wider American-Canadian network of schools, the Self-Managed Learning College in Brighton, England, and the Paideia School in Spain. The connection between anarchism and art was quite profound during the classical era of anarchism, especially among artistic currents that were developing during that era such as futurists, surrealists and others. In literature, anarchism was mostly associated with the New Apocalyptics and the neo-romanticism movement. In music, anarchism has been associated with music scenes such as punk. Anarchists such as Leo Tolstoy and Herbert Read stated that the border between the artist and the non-artist, what separates art from a daily act, is a construct produced by the alienation caused by capitalism and it prevents humans from living a joyful life. Other anarchists advocated for or used art as a means to achieve anarchist ends. In his book Breaking the Spell: A History of Anarchist Filmmakers, Videotape Guerrillas, and Digital Ninjas, Chris Robé claims that "anarchist-inflected practices have increasingly structured movement-based video activism." Throughout the 20th century, many prominent anarchists (Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Gustav Landauer and Camillo Berneri) and publications such as Anarchy wrote about matters pertaining to the arts. Three overlapping properties made art useful to anarchists. It could depict a critique of existing society and hierarchies, serve as a prefigurative tool to reflect the anarchist ideal society and even turn into a means of direct action such as in protests. As it appeals to both emotion and reason, art could appeal to the whole human and have a powerful effect. The 19th-century neo-impressionist movement had an ecological aesthetic and offered an example of an anarchist perception of the road towards socialism. In Les chataigniers a Osny by anarchist painter Camille Pissarro, the blending of aesthetic and social harmony is prefiguring an ideal anarchistic agrarian community. A common critique of anarchism is the assertion that humans cannot self-govern and so a state is necessary for human survival; this critique was supported by Philosopher Bertrand Russell, stating that "[p]eace and war, tariffs, regulations of sanitary conditions and the sale of noxious drugs, the preservation of a just system of distribution: these, among others, are functions which could hardly be performed in a community in which there was no central government." Another common criticism of anarchism is that it fits a world of isolation in which only the small enough entities can be self-governing; a response would be that major anarchist thinkers advocated anarchist federalism. Another criticism of anarchism is the belief that it is inherently unstable: that an anarchist society would inevitably evolve back into a state. Thomas Hobbes and other early social contract theorists argued that the state emerges in response to natural anarchy to protect the people's interests and keep order. Philosopher Robert Nozick argued that a "night-watchman state", or minarchy, would emerge from anarchy through the process of an invisible hand, in which people would exercise their liberty and buy protection from protection agencies, evolving into a minimal state. Anarchists reject these criticisms by arguing that humans in a state of nature would not just be in a state of war. Anarcho-primitivists in particular argue that humans were better off in a state of nature in small tribes living close to the land, while anarchists in general argue that the negatives of state organization, such as hierarchies, monopolies and inequality, outweigh the benefits. Philosophy lecturer Andrew G. Fiala composed a list of common arguments against anarchism which includes critiques such as that anarchism is innately related to violence and destruction, not only in the pragmatic world, such as at protests, but in the world of ethics as well. Secondly, anarchism is evaluated as unfeasible or utopian since the state cannot be defeated practically. This line of arguments most often calls for political action within the system to reform it. The third argument is that anarchism is self-contradictory as a ruling theory that has no ruling theory. Anarchism also calls for collective action while endorsing the autonomy of the individual, hence no collective action can be taken. Lastly, Fiala mentions a critique towards philosophical anarchism of being ineffective (all talk and thoughts) and in the meantime capitalism and bourgeois class remains strong. One of the earliest criticisms is that anarchism defies and fails to understand the biological inclination to authority. Joseph Raz states that the acceptance of authority implies the belief that following their instructions will afford more success. Raz believes that this argument is true in following both authorities' successful and mistaken instruction. Anarchists reject this criticism because challenging or disobeying authority does not entail the disappearance of its advantages by acknowledging authority such as doctors or lawyers as reliable, nor does it involve a complete surrender of independent judgment. Anarchist perception of human nature, rejection of the state, and commitment to social revolution has been criticised by academics as naive, overly simplistic, and unrealistic, respectively. Classical anarchism has been criticised for relying too heavily on the belief that the abolition of the state will lead to human cooperation prospering. Karl Marx, considered to be one of the principal founders of Marxism, criticised anarchism as the movement of the "petty bourgeois", i.e. of formerly self-employed craftsmen and artisans who had been ruined by capitalistic industrialization or even war and then driven to factories; even so, they refused to subject themselves to factory discipline, party leadership, and State control, were prone to violence when frustrated, and advocated seizing factories only to break down mass production and return to craftsmanship. Friedrich Engels, who is considered Marxism's other principal founder, criticised anarchism's anti-authoritarianism as inherently counter-revolutionary because in his view a revolution is by itself authoritarian. A Socialist Workers Party pamphlet by John Molyneux, Anarchism: A Marxist Criticism argues that "anarchism cannot win", believing that it lacks the ability to properly implement its ideas. Another Marxist criticism of anarchism is that it has a utopian character because all individuals should have anarchist views and values. According to this Marxist view, that a social idea would follow directly from this human ideal and out of the free will of every individual formed its essence. Marxists state that this contradiction was responsible for their inability to act. In the anarchist vision, the conflict between liberty and equality was resolved through coexistence and intertwining. Anarchist communities * Outline of anarchism * List of anarchist movements by region * List of anarchist political ideologies * List of books about anarchism * List of films dealing with anarchism * List of stateless societies * List of intentional communities * List of self-managed social centers * Criticism of philosophical anarchism. * A defence of philosophical anarchism, stating that "both kinds of 'anarchism' [i.e. philosophical and political anarchism] are philosophical and political claims." * Anarchistic popular fiction novel. * An argument for philosophical anarchism. * Criticism of philosophical anarchism. * A defence of philosophical anarchism, stating that "both kinds of 'anarchism' [i.e. philosophical and political anarchism] are philosophical and political claims." * Anarchistic popular fiction novel. * An argument for philosophical anarchism. * Anarchistic popular fiction novel. * An argument for philosophical anarchism. * Anarchistic popular fiction novel. * An argument for philosophical anarchism. * An argument for philosophical anarchism. * An argument for philosophical anarchism. * An argument for philosophical anarchism. * Anarchy Archives – an online research center on the history and theory of anarchism.
"Lenny Skutniks" is a generic term for notable people who are invited to sit in the gallery at a State of the Union address or other joint meeting of the United States Congress. Lenny Skutnik was the first such guest, who was celebrated for his heroism following the crash of Air Florida Flight 90 on January 13, 1982. Skutnik dove into the icy Potomac River, saving the life of a passenger. For this act he was commended by U.S. president Ronald Reagan during the annual State of the Union speech held later that month. Since then, the term "Lenny Skutniks" has been used to refer to individuals invited to sit in the gallery, and often cited by the President, during the speech. President Reagan's invitation, and the reference to Skutnik's heroism within his speech, may have been an attempt to include a human interest story within the speech. The practice fell out of favor during the presidency of George H. W. Bush. Bill Clinton restored the practice upon assuming the Presidency, and it has continued under George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump and Joe Biden. * 1982 : Lenny Skutnik was indicated as an example of the American ideal; immediately before noting Skutnik, Reagan first pointed out Jeremiah Denton, a Senator who had formerly been held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam. * 1984 : Reagan pointed to Sergeant Stephen Trujillo, a medic during the Invasion of Grenada in October 1983. * 1999 : Clinton pointed out Rosa Parks for her role as an icon of the American Civil Rights Movement. Sammy Sosa, a right fielder in Major League Baseball who had surpassed Roger Maris's home run total of 61 in a single season, was pointed out for his athletic achievements and role in rededicating a rebuilt hospital in the Dominican Republic. * 2000 :Clinton pointed to a number of people: Tom Mauser, father of Columbine victim Daniel Mauser and anti-gun advocate; Lloyd Bentsen, former United States Senator from Texas and former Treasury Secretary; Tipper Gore, then Second Lady of the United States; Carlos Rosas, a father from Minnesota; Captain John Cherrey, airman who served during the Kosovo Conflict; and William Cohen, then-Secretary of Defense, with his wife, Janet Langhart. * 2001 :George W. Bush pointed to Lisa Beamer, widow of Todd Beamer, a victim of the September 11 attacks aboard United Airlines Flight 93, who possibly led the charge against that aircraft's hijackers. He also noted Tony Blair, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. * 2003 :Bush welcomed and mentioned two members of the new Afghan government, interim leader Chairman Hamid Karzai and Minister of Women's Affairs, Dr. Sima Samar. He also noted Shannon Spann, widow of CIA officer and Marine Michael Spann who was killed in Mazar-e-Sharif. Finally, Bush thanked Hermis Moutardier and Christina Jones, two flight attendants on American Airlines Flight 63, aboard which an attempted suicide bombing was prevented by their actions. * 2004 :Bush referred to Adnan Pachachi, the President of the Iraqi Governing Council. * 2007 : Four individuals were pointed to in the "heroes box": Dikembe Mutombo, a basketball player originally from the Democratic Republic of the Congo who had recently helped fund the building of a hospital in Kinshasa; Wesley Autrey, a New York City construction worker who saved a man who had fallen onto subway tracks; Julie Aigner-Clark, creator of the Baby Einstein toy line; and Sergeant Tommy Riemann, injured in Operation Iraqi Freedom. * 2010 : Leonard Abess was the longtime owner and CEO of City National Bank of Florida and was cited by Barack Obama for distributing the $60 million sale price of his bank to over 400 current and former employees in the form of bonuses. Although not mentioned in the address, Chesley Sullenberger, who had saved the passengers of his jetliner which he had ditched in Hudson River, was a guest of the President. * 2011: Daniel Hernández Jr., the man who saved Gabby Giffords's life during the 2011 Tucson shooting, was a guest of President Obama. * 2012:Obama cited Jackie Bray, a single mom from North Carolina who had lost her job and retrained in a program created by Siemens and Central Piedmont Community College. Laurene Powell Jobs, the widow of Steve Jobs, was shown when the president mentioned Steve Jobs. Obama also mentioned Bryan Ritterby, who was hired by a wind turbine manufacturer; Richard Cordray, the director of the United States Consumer Financial Protection Bureau; and Debbie Bosanke, the secretary of Warren Buffett, in conjunction with the discussion of the proposed Buffett Rule. * 2013: Bobak Ferdowsi, a systems engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, had gained media fame in August 2012, when he wore an unusual mohawk hairstyle during the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity landing. Ferdowsi's father was an immigrant to the United States from Iran, and his presence was meant "to highlight President Barack Obama's call for more visas for skilled immigrants in the fields of math, science and engineering." * 2014: Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg, who was almost killed by a massive roadside bomb in Afghanistan and suffered a three-month coma and partial paralysis as a result, was seated next to Michelle Obama and applauded. * 2016:Former United States Air Force staff sergeant Spencer Stone, who helped foil a terrorist attack on a Paris-bound train travelling from Amsterdam via Brussels in August 2015, was a guest of First Lady Michelle Obama. * 2018:President Donald Trump recognized Coast Guard Petty Officer Ashley Leppert, who rescued dozens of people using a helicopter during Hurricane Harvey; firefighter David Dahlberg, who rescued 62 children from a California wildfire; Steve Staub, a business owner who hired more workers on account of recent tax cuts, along with one of his employees, Corey Adams; Preston Sharp, a twelve-year-old who organized the placing of over 40,000 American flags on the graves of veterans; Evelyn Rodriguez, Freddie Cuevas, Elizabeth Alvarado, and Robert Mickens, the parents of two girls who were murdered by members of the MS-13 criminal gang; Homeland Security agent Celestino Martinez, who has spent his career fighting violent street gangs; police officer Ryan Holets and his wife Rebecca, who adopted a baby from a homeless woman; Army Staff Sergeant Justin Peck, who rescued U.S. Navy SEALs Senior Chief Petty Officer Kenton Stacy; Fred and Cindy Warmbier, parents of Otto Warmbier, who died as a result of mistreatment by North Korea; and Ji Seong-ho, who escaped from North Korea and whose siblings had to eat dirt to assuage their hunger. * 2019 :President Trump noted the presence of World War II military veterans Joseph Reilly, Irving Locker, and Herman Zeitchik while recognizing the 75th anniversary of the "D-Day" Normandy landings, and astronaut Buzz Aldrin, for the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing. In discussing criminal justice reform, he acknowledged Alice Marie Johnson, a drug offender whose sentence he commuted, and Matthew Charles, the first person released from prison under the First Step Act. In discussing his immigration policies, Trump referred to Debra Bissell, Heather Armstrong, and Madison Armstrong, who he said had two family members "shot to death in their Reno, Nevada, home by an illegal alien," as well as Immigration and Customs Enforcement Special Agent Elvin Hernandez. Trump recognized Grace Eline, a 10-year-old survivor of childhood cancer and fundraiser for cancer research. In the portion of the speech on terrorism and national defense, Trump discussed Tom Wibberley, whose son was killed in the 2000 USS Cole bombing; Timothy Matson, a SWAT officer injured in the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting; Judah Samet, a Holocaust survivor who was also present at the Pittsburgh shooting; and Joshua Kaufman, another Holocaust survivor who was interned at the Dachau concentration camp, the liberation of which included Zeitchik, recognized earlier in the speech. After Trump noted that the speech was being given on Samet's 81st birthday, attendees interrupted the speech to sing "Happy Birthday to You" to Samet. * 2023: The family of Tyre Nichols were guests at the 2023 State of the Union Address, in which President Biden called for reform in law enforcement to prevent further deaths like Nichols'. Brandon Tsay, who stopped the Monterey Park shooter, was also a guest and had received a call from President Biden thanking him for his bravery. * Video of every American named in a State of the Union, 1982-2010
"Smuglyanka", "Smuglianka", or "Smugljanka" ( "the dark girl", from смуглый "dark, swarthy"; also Смуглянка-Молдаванка, romanized: Smugljanka-Moldavanka "the dark Moldovan girl" (swarthy)) is a Russian song written in 1940 by Yakov Shvedov (lyrics) and Anatoliy Grigorevich Novikov (music). It was commissioned by the Kiev Military District's political office for the District Song and Dance Ensemble, as part of a suite in honour of Grigory Kotovsky, leader of two Moldovan rebellions in Bessarabia Governorate against the Russian Empire in 1905 and 1915. It is written in the style of a Moldovan folk song. The song was intended to glorify the female partisans of the Russian Civil War. The lyrics tell how the singer met a pretty dark-skinned girl gathering grapes and tried to seduce her, but how the girl turns out to be a partisan and convinces him to join the partisans as well. The song was not performed as part of the suite. In 1940, songs composed for the troops on the front were supposed to be about revenge and victory. By 1942, fashions had changed, and songs with more romantic or lyrical themes were accepted by the military, so Novikov decided to re-release a revised version of the song, which was never performed before the war. Its piano score was lost, and the author only had drafts. When the artistic director of the Red Banner Ensemble A. V. Alexandrov called him and asked him to show songs for his group's new program, Novikov showed "Smuglyanka". Alexandrov liked it, and he immediately began to learn it with the choir and soloists Its first performance came in the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall in Moscow, by the Alexandrov Ensemble, with soloist Nikolaiy Ustinov. It was an immediate success, and had to be repeated three times as the audience requested encores. Because the song became famous outside of its original context of the Kotovsky Suite, it was taken as a reference to the then-contemporary Soviet partisans of the Great Patriotic War (WWII). Smuglyanka was used in the 1973 Soviet film Only "Old Men" Are Going to Battle (В бой идут одни "старики"), the most popular Soviet film about the Great Patriotic War according to Afisha Daily. In the film, a young fighter pilot introduces the song to his squadron and so gets nicknamed "the dark girl". The film was first shown on 27 December 1973. Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Pokryshkin was reportedly wiping his eyes as the lights came back on. The film became a blockbuster, seen by 54 million viewers within five months, and Smuglyanka as a consequence became known throughout the Soviet Union, entering the standard repertoire of Russian folk songs. Shvedov had not been told about the use of his song in the film and learned about it from movie-going friends. One of the most famous Soviet patriotic songs, Smuglyanka has been sung in 21 languages: Russian, Yakut, Ukrainian, Kazakh, Hungarian, Estonian, Latvian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Serbo-Croatian, Swedish, German, French, English, Hindi, Punjabi, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Hebrew. * Smuglyanka in the Soviet film Only "Old Men" Are Going to Battle (min. 1:58) * Smuglyanka in the Soviet film Only "Old Men" Are Going to Battle (min. 1:58) * Smuglyanka in the Soviet film Only "Old Men" Are Going to Battle (min. 1:58)
The European Union Committee was a select committee of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Its terms of reference were "to consider European Union documents and other matters relating to the European Union", as well as "to represent the House as appropriate in interparliamentary co-operation within the European Union". Much of the detailed scrutiny work on EU documents was conducted by the sub-committees, each dealing with a separate policy area. The main committee oversaw the work of the sub-committees and approved their reports as well as scrutinised proposals which crossed subject areas, such as the Treaty of Lisbon and the multiannual financial framework. Beginning in 2020, the committee also focused on the implementation of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. The main select committee had nineteen members: the chairperson, the chairs of the sub-committees, and other peers who also sat on the sub-committees. Committee members represented the House of Lords at a number of different interparliamentary meetings, such as COSAC and joint committee meetings at the European Parliament. As part of their work representing the House in interparliamentary co-operation within the EU, the committees contributed to the IPEX database, which brought together information about national parliamentary scrutiny from all EU member states. The European Union Committee was dissolved in March 2021. Most of its functions were allocated to the newly formed European Affairs Committee and the International Agreements Committee which had previously been one of the sub-committees. The UK Government deposits European documents, such as draft directives and communications from the European Commission, in parliament. These were then subjected to scrutiny by the EU Select Committee and its counterpart in the House of Commons, the European Scrutiny Committee. In the House of Lords system, each deposited document was sifted by subject area and importance for the Select Committee or one of the sub-committees to carefully scrutinise on an ongoing basis. The chairman of the Select Committee pursued any issues arising in correspondence with the responsible minister, and from time to time directly with the commission. This correspondence is publicly available. Prior to the start of the 2012−13 Session, the Select Committee had seven sub-committees. At the start of the May 2012 parliamentary session, the Select Committee restructured its sub-committees, eliminating the previous Sub-committee G (Social Policies and Consumer Protection) and revising the remits of the remaining six sub-committees. Shortly after the United Kingdom's withdrawal agreement with the EU went into effect in January 2020, the sub-committees were further reduced to five, merging the previous six sub-committees into four, and adding an International Agreements sub-committee. The International Agreements sub-committee was re-established as the separate International Agreements Committee in January 2021. The final sub-committees were as follows: The EU Environment Sub-committee examined the European Union's policies regarding the environment as well as agriculture, energy, climate change, food, fisheries, biosecurity, and overall public health. In addition, it considered the environmental impact of the UK−EU level playing field. * Environment The EU Goods Sub-committee considered the European Union's policies and legislative proposals, as well as ongoing negotiations between the United Kingdom and the European Union, regarding future trade in goods (including customs), level playing fields, consumer protections, public procurement and transport. * Goods The EU Security and Justice Sub-committee considered the United Kingdom's future relations with the EU regarding internal and external security, including criminal justice, policing, data-sharing, and defence. * Security and Justice The EU Services Sub-committee considered policies related to the United Kingdom's relationship with the European Union in the areas of trading in financial and non-financial services, as well as science, education, and culture. * Services * The records of the House of Lords European Union Committee are held by the UK Parliamentary Archives
Opus Energy Limited supplies gas and electricity to businesses across the United Kingdom. It purchases electricity from wind, solar, hydro, and anaerobic digestion generators, and provides support to develop energy-generating sites. It is headquartered in Northampton, United Kingdom with an additional office in Oxford. It shares the same management as Haven Power. The company was established in 2001 as Oxford Power Holdings Limited; it was renamed on 28 October 2010. On 6 December 2016 it was announced that Opus Energy had entered into a binding conditional agreement for the sale of the entire issues share capital to Drax Developments Limited, a member of the Drax Group. The deal completed on 10 February 2017. In 2021 Opus Energy was the 2nd largest provider of business gas in the UK and the 5th largest provider of business electricity. In 2025, Opus Energy was listed as a recommended business energy supplier by EnergyCosts.co.uk, due to its "competitive energy prices, flexibility in tariffs, and a commitment to green energy". Opus Energy sources its electricity from renewable sources. Opus Energy provides a power purchase agreement product whereby it offers to buy excess power from companies who create their own renewable energy. On Thursday 8 October 2020, Opus Energy announced that its Fuel Mix Disclosure for the reporting period April 2019 to March 2020 remained 100% renewable. It is the third consecutive year that its electricity is 100% renewable, where its electricity supply has been independently verified by EcoAct.
Michael Tappin (born 22 December 1946) is a British academic, author and politician. Tappin graduated a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Essex, he has also been educated at Strathclyde University and the London School of Economics. Tappin started lecturing at Keele University in 1974. He also worked in the field of politics across the world, being on the campaign team of US Senators. His particular specialization was in American politics. Tappin was nominated as the Labour Party candidate in the 1994 European Parliament election for the seat of Staffordshire West and Congleton. He won the seat, defeating Conservative Party candidate Anthony Brown. The other two candidates for the seat represented Liberal Democrats, Green and Natural Law parties. Unusually, all parties claimed to be the 'opposition' in the seat - Labour and Lib Dems because of boundary changes, Conservatives because they were in a minority in the European Parliament. Mr Tappin was supported in his campaign by a talented team of young Labour members. The 'inner core' of this team, as one local councillor put it, made the John F. Kennedy campaign look like aged amateurs. He was given a five-year leave of absence from his duties at Keele University, as his important work in the EU saw him work on budget issues. Tappin lost his seat under the new list system in 1999. Tappin continued his involvement in politics and won the Stoke-on-Trent Council seat for Blurton. In 2007, he became Leader of the Labour group on the Stoke-on-Trent City Council. One major decision under his watch was the sale of the Council's stake in the Britannia Stadium to Stoke City F.C. for £4.5 million. However, in the May 2008 local elections he lost his seat. He retired from his post at Keele University in 2010, after 36 years at the institution. * American Politics Today (co-author) * British Journal of Political Science * Politics Today
Main Hoon is an entertainment talk show on TV Asia channel that hosts some of the biggest Bollywood celebrities. It showcases some of the biggest stars in the business and is watched by a wide audience that includes people from the film fraternity. The show profiles the best of star-makers who made the stars what they are today. These star makers include cinematographers, choreographers, makeup artists and stylists. The show tells the Masala stories of the biggest Bollywood celebrities. * Official Site
Lovraj Kumar (1926–1994) was an Indian civil servant who had a role in forming Indian economic policies from the late 1950s until the early 1980s. Kumar was born in Nainital in 1926, and attended The Doon School, Dehradun. He became India's first Rhodes Scholar in 1947 and went to read Chemistry at Magdalen College, Oxford. On returning to India, he joined Burmah Oil. In government, his most important post was as Secretary of the Ministry of Petroleum, and his last job was as Secretary of the Ministry of Steel from which he retired in 1984. He married Dharma Kumar, who was an economist, in 1951; Radha Kumar is their daughter. During his retirement he chaired many committees and institutions, including the Governors of the Doon School, the Wildlife Fund of India, and the National Council for Applied Economic Research.
Huang Zuolin (October 24, 1906 – June 1, 1994) was a Chinese film director. Huang Zuolin whose ancestral home was at Panyu, Guangdong Province, was born in Tianjin. He graduated from Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College in 1925. During the period of 1925 to 1929, he studied business in University of Birmingham and lived in Linxi College located in the suburbs. At the party organized by the students of this college, Huang Zuolin performed the one-act play, East and West, which was written and directed by himself. Then Huang Zuolin sent this play to George Bernard Shaw to express the worship of him and Henrik Ibsen and got a reply: "Ibsen, is a disciple, not a master; George Bernard Shaw, is a follower, not a master; Ibsen does not belong to ibsenist, he is Ibsen; I do not belong to Bernard shawnist, I am Bernard shaw; If you want to have some achievements, you should not be a disciple; You must be creative." From that point on, George Bernard Shaw became Huang Zuolin's first teacher who introduced art to him and was revered by him all his life. In 1929, Huang Zuolin returned to China and served as honorary president of Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College. In 1935, he, together with his wife Jin Yunzhi (Danny), once again traveled to Britain to study Shakespeare at King's College, Cambridge, where he completed his M. Litt. thesis, and while in England also studied theatre direction with the famous French director Michel Saint-Denis at the London Theatre Studio. He returned to China after the breakout of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. Before Huang's departure, Shaw sent him the following words: "Rise up, China! You are the future of the eastern world. If you have courage and determination to hold it, the future stage will be for Chinese drama. Don't follow my plays, you can create your own." In 1938, he taught in Chongqing National Drama Institute. Then he rehearsed and played The True Story of Ah Q as well as teaching. He reached Shanghai in 1939, serving successively as director of the Shanghai Theater Society, Shanghai Professional Theatrical Troupe, and Shanghai Art Troupe. In 1942, under the tenet of "working together and working hard", Huang Zuolin, along with Huang Zongjiang and Shihui, established the Hardworking Opera Troupe, which was later renamed the Hardworking Drama Training Institute where they directed Liang Shang Jun Zi (梁上君子) and The inn at night. In the autumn of 1946, he took part in the establishment of Wenhua Film Company and worked as a director. The first film he directed was a satirical comedy called Phony Phoenixes. He used strong comedy expression to satirise the prevailing atmosphere of deception in that society. The film was the first one in China which was dubbed into English and exported to foreign countries. Later, he also directed many films, such as Night Inn and Corruption. In 1949, Huang Zuolin adapted and directed the film The Watch, which was unique and had a different method of expression from traditional films. He employed some amateurs and little-known performers, among whom were orphans from the orphanage and street children. The film was listed, by French film historian Georges Sadoul, as one of the few famous Chinese films in the general history of the world's film. At the end of 1948, Huang Zuolin took part in the preparation work for an underground Association of Film Workers. In 1950 he became one of the co-founders of Shanghai People's Art Theater, successively serving as assistant dean, dean and emeritus dean for forty-four years. In 1962, he proposed a creative view on drama of depicted desires and advocated a Chinese contemporary, ethnical, and scientific dramatic system. In 1989, he wrote "I stand for the concept of enjoyable drama because of the 50 or 60-year-long practice on stage, the assiduous research into world dramatic development history and the following well-known sayings: True and false dramas are all pleasant. It will not be a drama if it does not resemble [life]. It is a drama as well as an art. There are three types of paintings: the first ones are those extraordinarily similar to the object, which are false paintings. The second ones are those not similar to the objects at all, which are always painter's spiritual expression by image. They are also false paintings. The third ones are those between the above extremes which can be called true paintings. They are much higher, stronger, more centralized, typical and ideal than real life. So they are more universal. Sense and sensibility as well as form and spirit can not be divided." Huang Zuolin's father once served as the comprador of Shell lntemationaI Oil Products B.V. During the Cultural Revolution, Huang Zuolin suffered because of his father's job and was interrogated (Life and Death in Shanghai Author: Nien Cheng Page 326. Cheng was one of Huang Zuolin and his wife's good friends during their study in Britain.) Over the nearly 60 years of his art career, Huang Zuolin introduced the ideas and practices of Konstantin Stanislavski, Bertolt Brecht, Jerzy Grotowski, as well as many other schools of dramatic thought, to Chinese theatre workers. He also directed around 100 plays and films and encouraged a large number of theatre and film workers. In 1988, he received the Drama Director Award (lifetime award) issued by the Institute of Chinese Drama. On June 1, 1994, he died in the Shanghai Huadong Hospital. Huang Zuolin was the representative of the first, second, and third session of the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China. He was also a member of the fifth session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Congress (CPPCC), vice president of China Theater Association, and vice chairman of Shanghai People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. On October 24, 1995, a statue of Huang Zuolin was unveiled on the lawn of former Shanghai People's Art Theatre. Since 1996, Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre established the Zuolin Dramatic Art Award (Zuolin Award), carrying forward his spirit of "devoting one's whole life to drama with loyalty to the art, caring about neither fame nor profit", to be awarded to theatre professionals making special contributions to dramatic art, and who demonstrate deep love for their careers. In June 1999, his daughter, Huang Shuqin, made a donation to the Shanghai Library of more than 3,000 English books and over 140 manuscripts, letters, literature, pictures and works collected by Huang Zuolin, including some correspondence between George Bernard Shaw and Huang Zuolin. * Words from directors (1979) * Talk on Dramatic View * I and My View on Drama of Depicted Desires * Phony Phoenixes (假凤虚凰) * Night Inn (夜店) * Corruption (腐蚀) * The Watch (表) * A Window on America (美国之窗) * Cuckoo Cuckoo Again (布谷鸟又叫了) * Story of the Huangpu River (黄浦江的故事) * Mayor Chen Yi
Isturgia miniosaria is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in France, Spain and Portugal. It is also found in North Africa, including Morocco. The larvae feed on the flowers of Genista and Ulex species. * Lepiforum.de

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