Dataset Viewer
choices
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stringlengths 12
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stringlengths 42
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dict | video
stringlengths 75
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{
"A": "10.0",
"B": "5.0",
"C": "12.0",
"D": "15.0",
"E": "20.0"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_1
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HuyUxJBY3E
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_hydroxide",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide"
],
"rationale": "1. In the video, a person exhales gas that is continuously introduced into a clear solution, gradually forming a white precipitate. This indicates that the substances involved in the reaction are COв‚?and limewater.\r\n2. The chemical reaction equation is: Ca(OH)в‚?+ COв‚?в†?CaCOв‚?+ Hв‚‚O\r\n3. At the STP, 2.24 liters of COв‚?corresponds to 0.1 Moles.\r\n4. From balanced equation, 0.1 moles of COв‚?produce 0.1 moles of CaCOв‚?\r\n5. Given Ca = 40 g/mol, C = 12 g/mol, O = 16 g/mol, the molar mass of CaCOв‚?= 40 + 12 + 16 * 3 = 100 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of CaCOв‚?= 0.1 * 100 = 10g.",
"subject": "Chemistry",
"textbook": "Chemistry, 2nd Edition (Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/0.mp4
|
Assume that 2.24 liters of gas fully participates in the reaction shown in the video under the standard temperature and pressure condition, how many grams of precipitate are produced approximately?
|
videos/Chemistry/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Isothermal compression",
"B": "Adiabatic compression",
"C": "Isobaric compression",
"D": "Adiabatic expansion",
"E": "Isothermal expansion"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_3
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6XQi8eYYNs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobaric_process",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_process"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be seen that the gas is thermally isolated and returns to its initial state through compression. This physical process is known as adiabatic compression.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/0.mp4
|
Which process is shown in the animation?
|
videos/Thermodynamics/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "The stress-strain curve shows nonlinear behavior before failure, indicating the onset of material yield.",
"B": "The material fails at the proportional limit, demonstrating brittle fracture with minimal energy absorption.",
"C": "The test indicates that the composite material undergoes significant necking before fracture, characteristic of ductile materials.",
"D": "The material fails due to yielding of the polymer matrix, leading to extensive fiber pull-out before fracture.",
"E": "The material displays viscoelastic properties, as evidenced by time-dependent deformation during the test."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_5
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MD9WnvN3BoU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%E2%80%93strain_curve",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittleness",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_testing"
],
"rationale": "The tensile test video shows a linear stress-strain graph with sudden failure, indicating linear elastic behavior up to the proportional limit. Option B describes aspects of this behavior. Options A, C, and D are inconsistent with the observed data, while option E incorrectly suggests viscoelastic properties.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Composite Materials: Science and Engineering, 3rd Edition (Krishan K. Chawla)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/0.mp4
|
Based on the video, which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the mechanical behavior of the material tested?
|
videos/Materials_Science/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Lenz’s Law",
"B": "Kepler’s Third Law",
"C": "Newton’s First Law",
"D": "Hooke’s Law",
"E": "Coulomb's Law"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_8
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBjh9p0ml6k
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law"
],
"rationale": "In the video, if we slide a copper plate underneath the magnet while it is in motion, the magnet comes to a stop quickly. As the magnet moves across an area on the copper plate, the change in magnetic flux induces eddy currents on the plate. These eddy currents flow in such a way as to repel the magnet as it approaches the plate and attracts the magnet as it leaves to the plate. Therefore, the video shows the basic idea of Lenz’s Law.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/1.mp4
|
Which law is behind the above phenomenon?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Ni has a lower specific heat than Brass",
"B": "Al has a lower specific heat than Brass",
"C": "Al has a higher specific heat than Stainless steel",
"D": "Cu has a lower specific heat than Brass",
"E": "Stainless steel has a lower specific heat than Cu"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_12
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sdpcjm2vmLY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_thermal_conductivities",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_specific_heat",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity"
],
"rationale": "Since all the metal rods are heated simultaneously, the metal with a smaller specific heat takes less time to heat from room temperature to the melting point of the butter. According to the video, the butter on the aluminum rod melts first, indicating that aluminum has the smallest specific heat.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/0.mp4
|
According to the video, which of the following statements can be inferred?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Aluminum has a higher thermal conductivity than copper, allowing heat to travel faster along the rod.",
"B": "Aluminum has a lower heat capacity per unit volume than copper, so it heats up faster despite having a lower thermal conductivity.",
"C": "The melting point of aluminum is lower than that of copper, causing the indicator to melt sooner.",
"D": "Aluminum rods have a larger cross-sectional area, reducing thermal resistance.",
"E": "The experiment demonstrates experimental error; copper should have heated up faster in theory."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_13
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sdpcjm2vmLY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity_ratio",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_metals,_metalloids_and_nonmetals"
],
"rationale": "Aluminum's indicator melted first because aluminum heats up faster due to its lower heat capacity per unit volume, despite its lower thermal conductivity compared to copper. Therefore, even though copper conducts heat better, aluminum reaches higher temperatures more quickly, causing the indicator to melt sooner.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/0.mp4
|
Which of the following is the most accurate explanation for why the indicator on the aluminum rod melted first?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Different metal rods have different magnetic permeabilities. Metal rods with high magnetic permeability make light bulbs brighter.",
"B": "Different metal rods have different resistances. Metal rods with lower resistance make the bulb brighter.",
"C": "Different metal rods have different magnetic permeabilities. Metal rods with high magnetic permeability make the bulb darker.",
"D": "Different metal rods have different magnetic field strengths. Metal rods with lower magnetic field strengths make the bulb dimmer.",
"E": "Different metal rods have different resistances. Metal rods with higher resistance make the bulb brighter."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_15
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geV9t2pUd8k&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=7
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability_(electromagnetism)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RL_circuit"
],
"rationale": "The inductance of an energized solenoid is directly proportional to the magnetic permeability of the inserted metal rod. The higher the magnetic permeability of the metal rod inserted, the greater the inductance, and the greater the resistance of the circuit the bulb is in, and the dimmer the bulb will be. Therefore, option C, which states that different metal rods have different magnetic permeabilities and that metal rods with high magnetic permeability make the bulb darker, is correct.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
Why do light bulbs glow differently when different metal rods are inserted?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "It may convert gravitational energy into elastic energy.",
"B": "It may convert one force to another force.",
"C": "It may convert one speed to another speed.",
"D": "It may convert linear motion into rotational motion.",
"E": "It may convert gravitational energy to kinetic energy."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_17
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rww3p3c4ewY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the rotation of the disk carries the vertical movement of the animal block, and the speed of the block changes during the start and stop. The gravity of the mass and the elasticity of the spring transform each other. So the choice is D.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
What kind of mechanical transformation is not represented in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "A decrease in primary productivity due to reduced nutrient upwelling.",
"B": "An increase in marine biodiversity due to enhanced nutrient availability.",
"C": "Coral reef expansion due to cooler sea surface temperatures.",
"D": "A surge in fish populations along the coast due to favorable breeding conditions.",
"E": "A widespread algal bloom caused by increased nutrient runoff."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_18
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vIjhe5D6cM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern_Oscillation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts an El NiГ±o event from 1997 to 1998, characterized by warmer surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean, resulting in reduced upwelling of nutrient-rich waters. This leads to a decrease in primary productivity and impacts the food chain. The correct option is a decrease in primary productivity due to reduced nutrient upwelling.",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "The Economy of Nature, 7th Edition (Robert E. Ricklefs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/0.mp4
|
Which of the following biological events in the eastern Pacific Ocean is most likely to occur due to the phenomenon shown?
|
videos/Biology/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "The thermocline deepens, reducing nutrient upwelling and leading to decreased primary productivity.",
"B": "The thermocline becomes shallower, enhancing nutrient upwelling and increasing primary productivity.",
"C": "The thermocline remains at the same depth, but increased surface temperatures boost metabolic rates in marine organisms.",
"D": "The thermocline oscillates unpredictably, creating erratic patterns of nutrient distribution and primary productivity.",
"E": "The thermocline deepens, but increased wind-driven mixing compensates for nutrient loss, maintaining primary productivity levels."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_19
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vIjhe5D6cM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern_Oscillation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_primary_production"
],
"rationale": "During the 1997-1998 El NiГ±o, the thermocline deepened in the eastern Pacific, reducing nutrient upwelling. This led to decreased primary productivity because phytoplankton couldn't access essential nutrients. Option A correctly describes this impact: 'The thermocline deepens, reducing nutrient upwelling and leading to decreased primary productivity.'",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "The Economy of Nature, 7th Edition (Robert E. Ricklefs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/0.mp4
|
Based on the oceanic changes depicted in the video, which of the following best explains how the phenomenon impacts the thermocline depth and consequently affects marine ecosystems in the eastern Pacific Ocean?
|
videos/Biology/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "The rent of office buildings in the city center has risen.",
"B": "The number of residents in the suburbs of cities has increased.",
"C": "The pace of life has become faster.",
"D": "The demand for entertainment facilities in cities is decreasing.",
"E": "The frequency of urban public transportation is increasing."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_21
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jD43cNunjv8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_business_district",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbanization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_work",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization"
],
"rationale": "As teleworking becomes more popular, the demand for traditional office space is likely to decrease, leading to lower office rents in city centers. The popularity of teleworking reduces the need to commute, so there is a corresponding decline in the use of public transportation in cities. The increase in remote working allows people to work more flexibly and the pace of life tends to become slower rather than faster. As people's work schedules become more flexible, they may have more time and opportunities to engage in recreational activities, so the demand for recreational facilities within the city may increase rather than decrease. Teleworking reduces the need for higher density living in the city center, and therefore does not directly lead to an increase in residential building heights. Instead, more people may choose to move to the suburbs.",
"subject": "Geography",
"textbook": "Human Geography, 12th Edition (Erin H. Fouberg, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/0.mp4
|
Imagine what kind of changes would happen if more and more young people in a city chose this way of working?
|
videos/Geography/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Larger",
"B": "Smaller, then larger",
"C": "Smaller",
"D": "Keep same",
"E": "Larger, then smaller"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_23
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otGIuWCbR58
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum"
],
"rationale": "The initial height of the pendulum is the same after adding a new item, so the energy of the pendulum is kept the same without consideration of friction due to conservation of energy, which matches choice D.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/0.mp4
|
How does the energy of the pendulum changes after adding a new item in the experiment without consideration of friction?
|
videos/Mechanics/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "peptidyltransferase",
"B": "RNA polymerase",
"C": "DNA polymerase",
"D": "Topoisomerase",
"E": "Spliceosome complex"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_24
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgBR8cCAgWE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidyl_transferase_center",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoisomerase",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spliceosome"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the process of DNA unwinding and transcription into RNA under the action of enzymes, i.e., transcription. This process requires the activity of RNA polymerase, corresponding to option B.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/0.mp4
|
What could the brown stuff in the video be?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Bubble Sort",
"B": "Merge Sort",
"C": "Insertion Sort",
"D": "Selection Sort",
"E": "Heap Sort"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_25
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnQMDkUFzh4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort"
],
"rationale": "The video ultimately sorts these blocks in ascending order, thus it is clearly a sorting algorithm. Observing the video process, there is no need to scan the sorting process from beginning to end, and there is an obvious insertion action, which allows us to eliminate Selection Sort, indicating it is Insertion Sort.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Algorithms, 4th Edition (Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/2.mp4
|
The algorithm demonstrated in the video is which common algorithm?
|
videos/Computer_Science/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "Ohm's Law",
"B": "Hooke's Law",
"C": "Archimedes' Law",
"D": "Joule's Law",
"E": "Kepler's Laws"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_26
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OGo8-VWqfw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_astronomy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_Brahe",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion"
],
"rationale": "Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion were proposed by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, describing the laws of planetary motion around the sun.",
"subject": "Astronomy",
"textbook": "Fundamentals of Geophysics, 2th Edition (William Lowrie)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Astronomy/0.mp4
|
Which law does the motion shown in the video satisfy?
|
videos/Astronomy/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "The aluminum piece on the left has greater initial power than the aluminum piece in the middle.",
"B": "The aluminum piece on the left is subject to force in the external magnetic field but the aluminum piece in the middle is unforced.",
"C": "The aluminum sheet on the left has a small area, and the induced electromotive force is small, so the resistance it receives is small.",
"D": "The aluminum piece in the middle experiences resistance in the magnetic field, but the aluminum piece on the left does not experience magnetic force.",
"E": "The structure of the aluminum sheet on the left limits the path of the induced current, resulting in no or much less induced current."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_28
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooTyX_preT4&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction"
],
"rationale": "When the aluminum sheet passes through the magnetic field, the electrons moving on it are forced by the magnetic field, forming an induced eddy current. The direction of the magnetic force exerted by this current in the magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the original speed, producing a braking effect. The multi-control aluminum sheet on the left has a small area, and the electromotive force generated by cutting the magnetic induction lines is small, and the resistance it receives is small.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/3.mp4
|
Why does the aluminum piece on the left move longer than the aluminum piece in the middle?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "The middle plate stops sooner because the magnetic field exerts a direct mechanical force opposing its motion; replacing it with brass would cause it to stop even sooner due to increased magnetic interactions.",
"B": "The middle plate stops sooner due to magnetic hysteresis losses as it moves through the magnetic field; replacing it with brass would cause it to stop later because brass is less susceptible to hysteresis losses.",
"C": "The middle plate stops sooner due to eddy current damping opposing its motion; replacing it with brass, which has higher electrical resistivity, would cause it to swing shorter because larger eddy currents would be induced, leading to more damping.",
"D": "The middle plate stops sooner because the magnetic field exerts a direct mechanical force opposing its motion; replacing it with brass would cause it to stop later due to decreased magnetic interactions.",
"E": "The middle plate stops sooner due to eddy current damping opposing its motion; replacing it with brass, which has higher electrical resistivity, would cause it to swing longer because smaller eddy currents would be induced, leading to less damping."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_29
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooTyX_preT4&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_damping",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_effect"
],
"rationale": "The middle aluminum plate slows due to eddy current damping in the magnetic field, generating forces that oppose its motion. Replacing it with brass, which has higher resistivity, reduces eddy currents and damping, thus extending its swing duration. Option E correctly explains these concepts, focusing on the link between material resistivity and eddy current-induced damping.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/3.mp4
|
Which of the following statements best explains the observed difference in the durations of swinging, and predicts the expected effect if the middle plate were replaced with a plate made of brass?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Joule's Law",
"B": "Hooke's Law",
"C": "Kepler's Laws",
"D": "Newton's Laws",
"E": "Archimedes' Law"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_31
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-sryuPwF4M
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertia"
],
"rationale": "In the video, because the coin has Inertia, which is the ability of an object to resist changes in motion, it maintains its original state of rest and eventually falls into the cup, a process that is consistent with Newton's laws of motion.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/1.mp4
|
Which law does the experiment shown in the video satisfy?
|
videos/Mechanics/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "others",
"B": "omniscient narrator",
"C": "limited omniscient",
"D": "second-person",
"E": "third-person"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_34
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6P__tQ9Yyw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreliable_narrator"
],
"rationale": "The clip in the video is an excerpt from Truman's World and is presented primarily in the third person. A limited omniscient point of view is one in which the narrator knows the inner thoughts of some specific characters, but not all of them. An omniscient narrator, on the other hand, is a narrator who is able to know the inner thoughts and background details of all the characters. Everything expressed in the film is from the point of view of the spectator, and there is no description of the inner world of the characters, so the correct answer should be third person.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel (Marina Mackay)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/0.mp4
|
According to the video,what's the narration perspective?
|
videos/Literature/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Romanticism",
"B": "Postmodernism",
"C": "Realism",
"D": "Naturalism",
"E": "Symbolism"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_35
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6P__tQ9Yyw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_art",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_literature",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreliable_narrator"
],
"rationale": "The narrative style of the video closely aligns with Postmodernism, characterized by disjointed scenes, abrupt transitions, mixed media, and themes of reality versus illusion. It features fragmentation, metafictional elements, a non-linear structure, and paradoxes, which differentiate it from other literary movements like Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, and Naturalism.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel (Marina Mackay)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/0.mp4
|
Which literary movement does the narrative style of the video most closely align with?
|
videos/Literature/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "The cyclical nature of time and history",
"B": "The blurring of reality and illusion",
"C": "The destructive pursuit of power",
"D": "The inevitable decline of human morality",
"E": "The redemptive power of love and sacrifice"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_36
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6P__tQ9Yyw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreality",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreliable_narrator"
],
"rationale": "The analysis highlights the theme of 'The blurring of reality and illusion' as the most prominent in the narrative, evidenced by overlapping elements of reality and illusion in video game screens, manipulated environments, and the protagonist's confusion. Disjointed scenes and distorted perceptions further support this thematic conclusion.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel (Marina Mackay)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/0.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which of the following literary themes is most prominently represented in the narrative?
|
videos/Literature/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "There is a power source inside the light bulb.",
"B": "The gravitational potential energy of the bulb is converted into electrical energy making the bulb glow.",
"C": "There is a magnetic field in the environment, and the light bulb cuts the magnetic field lines to generate an induced electromotive force.",
"D": "A chemical reaction occurs when the substance in the bulb moves, and the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy to make the bulb shine.",
"E": "The internal energy of the light bulb is converted into electrical energy to make the light bulb shine."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_37
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2saaNFbJMo&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=5
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force"
],
"rationale": "The light bulb cuts through the magnetic field lines in the surrounding magnetic field, generating an induced electromotive force that produces a current in the circuit, causing the bulb to light up. Additionally, in areas with stronger magnetic field intensity, the bulb shines brighter.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/4.mp4
|
Why do LED bulbs light up?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "No electromotive force (EMF) or eddy currents are induced in the conductive sheet because it is stationary relative to the magnetic field.",
"B": "Eddy currents are induced in the conductive sheet, generating a magnetic field that opposes the increasing external magnetic field, resulting in a repulsive force that pushes the sheet away from the magnetic field source.",
"C": "Eddy currents are induced in the conductive sheet, and the induced magnetic field aids the increasing external magnetic field, causing an attractive force that pulls the sheet toward the magnetic field source.",
"D": "Eddy currents are induced in the sheet, but due to symmetry, the induced magnetic fields cancel out, resulting in no net magnetic effect or mechanical force on the sheet.",
"E": "Eddy currents are induced in the sheet, generating a magnetic field opposing the change in the external field, but since the sheet is held stationary, no related mechanical movement occurs despite the presence of induced forces."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_38
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2saaNFbJMo&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=5
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field"
],
"rationale": "An experimenter holds a thin, rectangular conductive sheet stationary over a white, non-conductive surface. A uniform magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and is increasing uniformly over time. Eddy currents are induced in the stationary conductive sheet by the increasing magnetic field, creating an opposing magnetic field per Lenz's Law. These forces can generate a repulsive effect, but the sheet remains motionless because it is physically constrained by the experimenter. Options suggesting no EMF, aid in magnetic field, or no eddy currents are incorrect.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/4.mp4
|
Which of the following statements best describes the phenomena occurring in the conductive sheet?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "Palpation",
"B": "Percussion",
"C": "Inspection",
"D": "Auscultation",
"E": "Both B and D"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_39
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpBYYol2YNs
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_examination",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auscultation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_(medicine)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpation"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the doctor first observes the patient’s tracheal position and chest contour, which are part of the Inspection step. Then, the doctor uses their hands to check the tracheal position and apex beat, which falls under Palpation. Therefore, the video does not include the steps of Percussion or Auscultation.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/1.mp4
|
Which step of the chest examination is not shown in the video?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Third one",
"B": "Second one",
"C": "All",
"D": "First one",
"E": "Two of the three"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_40
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKNczzutVI4
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_collision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inelastic_collision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the move motion of table tennis and bowling show elastic collision while the move motion of car shows inelastic collision. The motion described as 'Third one' corresponds to the inelastic collision, which is the correct answer.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/2.mp4
|
Which move motion in the video lose the system energy?
|
videos/Mechanics/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "Norovirus",
"B": "Measles virus",
"C": "Hemorrhagic fever virus",
"D": "Human papillomavirus",
"E": "Arboviral encephalitis virus"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_42
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRlP9HNSzQY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_infection",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_encephalitis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_fever",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus"
],
"rationale": "The video displays a simplified structure of the Ebola virus (ssRNA) and its origin (bats), which suggests that the virus is the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) that has had a significant impact on the globe. The Ebola virus is classified under regional hemorrhagic fever viruses.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/0.mp4
|
Which of the following virus infections does it belong to?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Unify the political system and social system of member states",
"B": "Develop a unified labor market across member states",
"C": "Create a common currency for all member states",
"D": "Eliminate trade barriers between member states and promote economic integration",
"E": "Strengthen exchanges among member states in the fields of culture and education"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_43
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyAEbrG4vaI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_single_market",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_union",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade_area",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_integration"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the signing of the Treaty of Rome, one of the foundational treaties of the European Union, which established the legal and organizational framework for the EU’s creation and development. Its main objectives are to eliminate trade barriers between member states, promote economic integration, achieve the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people (economy), and promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy while strengthening cooperation in the energy sector (technology).",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/0.mp4
|
What is the main economic purpose of the event shown in the video?
|
videos/Economics/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "By creating a common market allows free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor, letting members specialize by their strengths.",
"B": "By adopting a single currency to eliminate exchange rate fluctuations and reduce transaction costs among member states.",
"C": "By imposing uniform protectionist tariffs against non-member countries to shield domestic industries from external competition.",
"D": "By integrating fiscal policies to redistribute wealth from richer to poorer member states, reducing economic disparities.",
"E": "By standardizing labor laws and working conditions across member states to prevent a 'race to the bottom' in labor standards."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_44
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyAEbrG4vaI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_market",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome"
],
"rationale": "The creation of the EEC aimed to enhance economic efficiency by establishing a common market that allows for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. This setup enables member states to specialize based on their comparative advantages, increasing overall economic efficiency. Thus, option A best explains this aim, aligning with the EEC's objectives from its inception.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/0.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the primary benefits brought by the treaty shown in the video?
|
videos/Economics/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "A decrease in overall consumer welfare resulting from trade diversion away from more efficient non-member producers.",
"B": "Reduction in intra-industry trade among member states as countries focus solely on their areas of absolute advantage.",
"C": "Standardization leading to a decrease in product diversity as member states eliminate overlapping industries.",
"D": "An increase in economies of scale and intensified competition, resulting in lower prices and greater product variety for consumers.",
"E": "Immediate harmonization of fiscal policies leading to the elimination of budget deficits among member states."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_45
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyAEbrG4vaI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_diversion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_market",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_integration"
],
"rationale": "The EEC's formation aimed to create a common market, enhancing economies of scale and competition, resulting in lower prices and greater product variety for consumers. This aligns with classical and modern trade theories emphasizing benefits from market expansion and specialization. Despite potential negative effects, the long-term impact is improved consumer welfare through increased efficiency and diversity.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/0.mp4
|
From an economic perspective, given both classical and modern trade theories, which of the following is the most likely long-term effect on the countries shown in the video?
|
videos/Economics/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Larger",
"B": "Keep same",
"C": "Larger first, then smaller",
"D": "Smaller",
"E": "None of the above"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_46
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu9jAHgDjQg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(physics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy"
],
"rationale": "The system moves from a standstill first, then keep same for uniform circular motion, and become still at last. So the kinetic energy become larger first, then keep same, smaller finally, which is not described by any of the provided options, hence the answer is None of the above.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/3.mp4
|
How does the kinetic energy of the system in the video changes?
|
videos/Mechanics/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "The net force on the block is zero, and no work is done on the block.",
"B": "The net force on the block is directed tangentially to the path, and work is done to maintain its constant speed.",
"C": "The net force on the block is directed toward the center of the circle, and no work is done on the block by this net force.",
"D": "The net force on the block is zero, and work is done on the block to keep it moving in a line.",
"E": "The net force on the block is toward the center of the circle, and work is done by the net force to maintain the circular motion."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_47
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu9jAHgDjQg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(physics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_motion"
],
"rationale": "The block experiences a centripetal force directed toward the center of its circular path, necessary for the centripetal acceleration. This force does no work on the block, as it is perpendicular to the displacement. Thus, Option C is correct, stating that the net force is directed toward the center, and no work is done during the motion.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/3.mp4
|
Which of the following statements correctly describes the net force acting on the block and the work done by this net force during the motion?
|
videos/Mechanics/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Biodegradation",
"B": "Community succession",
"C": "Genetic drift",
"D": "Migration of organism",
"E": "Species formation"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_48
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPQF9BQnw2A
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopatric_speciation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_isolation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the species undergo geographical isolation, which prevents gene flow with other populations. Over time, this leads to changes in allele frequencies within the gene pool. When significant differences arise between two populations' gene pools causing reproductive isolation, a new species is formed.",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "Biology, 2nd Edition (Mary Ann Clark, Jung Choi, Matthew Douglas)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/1.mp4
|
What biological process is shown in the video?
|
videos/Biology/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Demographic segmentation targeting younger consumers",
"B": "Geographic segmentation focusing on local sellers",
"C": "Behavioral segmentation focusing on deal-seeking customers",
"D": "Mass marketing without segmentation",
"E": "Benefit segmentation emphasizing convenience"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_50
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtssQ6wDvkQ
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_targeting",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_segmentation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_strategy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychographic_segmentation"
],
"rationale": "The Shopee Mart 7.7 supermarket sale advertisement employs several market segmentation strategies, including psychographic, demographic, geographic, and behavioral segmentation, targeting specific groups such as younger consumers and deal-seekers. However, mass marketing without segmentation is not used, as the ad focuses on targeted groups rather than addressing the entire market universally.",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/0.mp4
|
Which of the following market segmentation strategies is not used in the video?
|
videos/Management/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "recirculating-ball",
"B": "rack-and-pinion",
"C": "worm-and-roller",
"D": "planetary gear set",
"E": "A, B, and C"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_52
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xww_3wqoTCk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recirculating_ball",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicyclic_gearing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worm_drive",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_and_pinion"
],
"rationale": "The change in direction of a car is achieved by transmitting the force applied by the driver to the steering wheel through a series of mechanical structures, including the rack-and-pinion, worm-and-roller, and recirculating-ball mechanisms, to alter the orientation of the wheels.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
What mechanical components are needed to achieve the actions in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "High-torque direct-drive electric motor",
"B": "Hydraulic power steering pump and piston assembly",
"C": "Pneumatic actuator with servo control system",
"D": "Mechanical rack-and-pinion steering mechanism",
"E": "Worm gear coupled with a sector gear"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_53
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xww_3wqoTCk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim_racing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-drive_mechanism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_Motors",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Reality_Applications_Center"
],
"rationale": "The most critical component for generating torque feedback in racing simulator steering wheels is the high-torque direct-drive electric motor. It offers precise, strong torque feedback with minimal latency, making it ideal for simulating realistic driving sensations, unlike other options like hydraulic pumps or mechanical systems, which are less effective or impractical for simulators.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
Based on the video content, which of the following components is most critical for generating the torque feedback experienced by the user?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "Open-loop control utilizing pre-defined torque outputs without feedback.",
"B": "Proportional-Integral-Derivative control (PID control) incorporating feedback from multiple sensors for torque, steering angle, and vehicle dynamics.",
"C": "On-off control (bang-bang control) toggling between maximum and zero torque outputs.",
"D": "Feedforward control relying entirely on predictive models without sensor feedback.",
"E": "Deadbeat control that aims for system response to reach the desired state in minimal steps without considering stability."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_54
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xww_3wqoTCk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_dynamics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional%E2%80%93integral%E2%80%93derivative_controller"
],
"rationale": "The most appropriate control method for the steering wheel's force-feedback system is Proportional-Integral-Derivative control (PID control). It incorporates comprehensive sensor feedback for torque, steering angle, and vehicle dynamics, allowing for precise, stable, and responsive adjustments. PID control effectively balances present, past, and future errors to simulate realistic steering torque and vehicle dynamics, ensuring a realistic driving experience.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
Which of the following control methods is most appropriate for the steering wheel's force-feedback system in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "The second time the mobile phone activity was different, the electromagnetic waves emitted were of low power.",
"B": "The second time the mobile phone was placed in the barbed wire fence, the spread of electromagnetic waves was hindered.",
"C": "The second time, the mobile phone was further away from the measuring device, and the electromagnetic wave signal received by the measuring device was poor.",
"D": "The second measurement device was placed in a damp environment, blocking the reception of electromagnetic waves.",
"E": "The second measurement device was not reset to zero, resulting in an error."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_56
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpfMdC_mCok&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=6
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_propagation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_shielding"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the experimenter placed the mobile phone inside the barbed wire fence. Conductive metals can reflect, absorb, and offset electromagnetic waves. This plays the role of reducing electromagnetic wave radiation, thereby reducing the intensity of electromagnetic waves received by the measuring device.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/5.mp4
|
Why is the electromagnetic wave intensity measured the second time weaker than the first time?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "The mesh size is much smaller than the wavelength of both the incoming and outgoing signals, so the cage blocks both equally, but the phone is more sensitive to incoming signals than the detector is to outgoing signals.",
"B": "The cage allows the higher frequency incoming signals to penetrate due to their shorter wavelengths while blocking the lower frequency outgoing signals emitted by the phone.",
"C": "The electromagnetic waves emitted by the phone are reflected back by the cage, causing interference patterns that reduce the signal outside, while incoming signals penetrate the mesh due to its geometric configuration.",
"D": "The wire mesh cage attenuates electromagnetic waves differently depending on their propagation direction; the phone's antenna can receive incoming signals through small apertures in the mesh.",
"E": "The phone uses a different frequency for receiving signals than for transmitting, and the cage selectively blocks the transmitting frequency but allows the receiving frequency to pass through."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_57
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpfMdC_mCok&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=6
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_propagation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_wave"
],
"rationale": "A wire mesh cage affects signals differently based on wave directionality and phone antenna design. Incoming signals penetrate via mesh openings, while outgoing signals get blocked due to all-directional emission and larger wavelength. Option D correctly highlights these factors affecting signal reception and transmission differently, explaining why phones receive calls despite attenuated outgoing signals.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/5.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains why the phone is still able to receive incoming calls?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "Atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction, managed by coronary stent implantation.",
"B": "Chronic hypertension causing intracerebral hemorrhage, managed by implantable blood pressure sensors for real-time monitoring.",
"C": "Hemophilia causing spontaneous bleeding, managed through recombinant clotting factor therapy.",
"D": "Sickle-cell disease causing vascular occlusions, managed by gene therapy to correct hemoglobin mutations.",
"E": "Deep vein thrombosis leading to pulmonary embolism, managed by developing anticoagulant drug delivery systems."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_58
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xND-fpeuAVE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension"
],
"rationale": "The repeated blood pressure measurements and the nosebleed point toward chronic hypertension. Hypertension can weaken cerebral vessels, potentially leading to intracerebral hemorrhage, supported by the brain animation showing a dark red spot. The implantable blood pressure sensors can effectively manage this condition by providing real-time data and enabling timely interventions.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, 4th Edition (John Enderle, Susan Blanchard, Joseph Bronzino)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/1.mp4
|
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is most likely being demonstrated, and which biomedical engineering intervention could most effectively manage this condition?
|
videos/Basic_Medicine/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Diphtheria toxin inhibiting elongation factor 2",
"B": "Tetanus toxin blocking inhibitory neurotransmitter release",
"C": "Pertussis toxin increasing cAMP in respiratory epithelial cells",
"D": "Shiga toxin inhibiting the 60S ribosomal subunit",
"E": "Exfoliative toxin causing desquamation of skin"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_59
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeR5_CQqF8w
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertussis_vaccine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin-antitoxin_system",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis"
],
"rationale": "Since the child in the video has a a bad cough, the most likely reason is pertussis (whooping cough). Pertussis toxin is produced by Bordetella pertussis, which incerases cAMP levels in respiratory epithelial cells by inhibiting the Gi protein. It causes paroxysmal coughing (severe, repeated coughing fits) characteristic of whooping cough. Therefore, the correct option is C.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/0.mp4
|
Which of the following bacterial virulence factors is primarily responsible for the symptoms observed?
|
videos/Preventive_Medicine/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Hepatitis A virus",
"B": "Hepatitis E virus",
"C": "Hepatitis B virus",
"D": "Leptospira interrogans",
"E": "Schistosoma haematobium"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_60
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSoUH2s0eio
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_health",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal%E2%80%93oral_route",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hepatitis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_E",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_disease"
],
"rationale": "In the video, we can observe that people defecating near the riverbank, playing in the water, collecting drinking water from the river, washing clothes on the bank, and so on. The most likely pathogen causing the outbreak is B. Hepatitis E virus. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route, particularly via contaminated water. Outbreaks are commmonly related to poor sanitation and contaminated drinking water, which aligns with the scenario described in the video. Therefore, the correct option is B.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/1.mp4
|
Considering the environmental conditions shown in the video, which of the following pathogens is the most likely cause of this outbreak?
|
videos/Preventive_Medicine/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Influenza virus",
"B": "HCV",
"C": "HAV",
"D": "HBV",
"E": "HIV"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_61
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSoUH2s0eio
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen_transmission",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal%E2%80%93oral_route"
],
"rationale": "The animation shows the transmission process of the fecal-oral route, and among the six options, only HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, which matches option C.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/1.mp4
|
Which of the following viruses is transmitted by the method shown in the video?
|
videos/Preventive_Medicine/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Ciprofloxacin",
"B": "Aspirin",
"C": "Metformin",
"D": "Pilocarpine",
"E": "Levothyroxine"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_62
|
C
|
https://youtu.be/7AcDTGjBm_o?si=cHWsITDNV41I9kGh
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acidosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_medication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes"
],
"rationale": "1. Understand the Condition: Lactic acidosis is a serious metabolic condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to lower pH levels in the blood.\r\n2. Identify Drug Mechanisms:\r\nA. Ciprofloxacin: An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase.\r\nB. Aspirin: An NSAID that inhibits COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis.\r\nC. Metformin: An antidiabetic drug that decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity.\r\nD. Pilocarpine: A muscarinic receptor agonist used in glaucoma.\r\nE. Levothyroxine: A synthetic thyroid hormone.\r\n3. Associate Drugs with Lactic Acidosis: Metformin is known to have lactic acidosis as a rare but serious side effect, especially in patients with renal impairment.\r\n4. Eliminate Other Options: The other medications are not commonly associated with lactic acidosis.\r\n5. Conclusion: Metformin is the medication most likely to cause lactic acidosis.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/1.mp4
|
Based on the video, which medication is most likely to cause lactic acidosis in this patient?
|
videos/Pharmacy/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Decomposition reaction",
"B": "Single replacement reaction",
"C": "Double displacement reaction",
"D": "Precipitation reaction",
"E": "Acid-base neutralization reaction"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_64
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8UtR7akNec
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_displacement_reaction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_nitrate",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry)"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be observed that a filamentous solid is placed into the solution, resulting in a chemical reaction that produces a precipitate and changes the color of the solution to blue. Since a solid element is involved and the silver nitrate solution is a salt solution, it is not an acid-base neutralization reaction, nor is it a precipitation reaction or a double displacement reaction. Based on the observed changes, it is more likely that a single replacement reaction occurred, displacing a white solid and forming a blue salt solution. Electrolysis reactions typically involve the decomposition of a liquid due to the passage of an electric current, which is unrelated to the chemical changes observed in the video. Although redox reactions seem plausible, they are not the primary reaction mechanism in this case. Therefore, the answer is a single replacement reaction.",
"subject": "Chemistry",
"textbook": "Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 12th Edition (Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/1.mp4
|
If the solution in the video is silver nitrate solution, what is the most likely type of reaction that would occur in the test tube?
|
videos/Chemistry/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Changes in the size of the hollow coil",
"B": "The conductivity of the hollow coil material changes",
"C": "Magnetic field coupling between the hollow coil and the solid coil",
"D": "Temperature changes in the solid coil",
"E": "The power supply to the speaker is unstable"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_65
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdCRvVXXuoE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_coupling"
],
"rationale": "In this experiment, the solid ferromagnetic coil acts as a signal base station, generating an electromagnetic field, while the hollow coil serves as the receiving antenna. The sound from the speaker is produced due to the electromagnetic signal induced in the hollow coil from the solid coil. When the position and orientation of the hollow coil change, the strength and direction of the received magnetic field also change, thus affecting the volume of the speaker.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
What is the reason for the change in volume of the speaker?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "The induced current in the white ring opposes the change in the coil's magnetic field, increasing the coil's impedance, and decreasing the audio output volume.",
"B": "The white ring acts as a magnetic core, increasing the coil's inductance and allowing more current to flow from the audio player, thereby increasing the audio output volume.",
"C": "The insertion of the white ring creates a capacitive coupling that forms a resonant LC circuit with the coil, amplifying the audio output volume.",
"D": "The white ring decreases the coil's resistance when inserted, resulting in increased current from the audio player and a higher audio output volume.",
"E": "The observed decrease in audio output volume is due to an unrelated fluctuation in the audio player's output coinciding with the insertion of the white ring."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_66
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdCRvVXXuoE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_impedance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction"
],
"rationale": "The decrease in audio output volume when a white ring is inserted into a copper coil is due to the induced current in the ring opposing the coil's magnetic field (Lenz's Law). This opposition increases the coil's impedance, reducing the current from the audio player and consequently decreasing the audio output volume. Thus, choice A accurately explains the phenomenon.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the phenomenon of decreasing audio output volume when a white ring is inserted into a copper coil?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Inserting the white ring into the coil increases the coil's self-inductance, decreasing its impedance and causing more current to flow, which the audio player cannot sustain, thus reducing the output volume.",
"B": "The induced current in the white ring creates a magnetic field opposing the coil's magnetic field, effectively increasing the coil's impedance, and decreasing the audio output volume.",
"C": "The white ring forms a resonant LC circuit with the coil, causing resonance at certain frequencies that attenuate the audio signal, resulting in decreased output volume.",
"D": "Energy is transferred from the coil to the white ring through mutual inductance, with the ring dissipating energy as heat, thereby reducing the power available for audio output.",
"E": "Eddy currents induced in the white ring reinforce the coil's magnetic field, increasing back electromotive force (back EMF) in the coil, which reduces the current from the audio player and decreases the audio output volume."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_67
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdCRvVXXuoE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction"
],
"rationale": "In the described experimental setup, a copper coil is connected to a digital audio player supplying an alternating current audio signal. The coil is vertically positioned on a platform. A white ring with two wires (red and black) connected to it is initially placed beside the coil. During the experiment, the white ring is inserted into the copper coil and held in position. As a result, the audio output from the audio player decreases in volume. The decrease in audio output is due to Lenz's Law. Inserting the white conductive ring causes induced currents that create a magnetic field opposing the coil's field. This increases the coil's impedance, reducing current flow from the audio player, and consequently, the audio output volume decreases. Option B explains this effect accurately.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the observed decrease in audio output volume?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Z_total = jω (L_1 + L_2)",
"B": "Z_total = jω L_1 + R_2",
"C": "Z_total = jω L_1 + (ω M)^2/R_2",
"D": "Z_total = jω L_1 - (ω M)^2/R_2",
"E": "Z_total = jω (L_1 - M^2/L_2)"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_68
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdCRvVXXuoE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_analysis_(electrical_circuits)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_matching",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductance"
],
"rationale": "The total impedance Z_total seen by the audio player when the ring is inserted is Z_total = jω L_1 + (ω M)^2/R_2. This expression accounts for the primary coil's inductance and the reflected impedance from the mutual inductance M between the primary coil and the secondary coil (the ring) with resistance R_2.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
Which of the following expressions best represents the new impedance Z_total seen by the audio player when the ring is inserted?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "Global Standardization Strategy",
"B": "Transnational Strategy",
"C": "Localization Strategy",
"D": "Multi-Domestic Strategy",
"E": "Export Strategy"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_69
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPhg_ZjrPtU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_business_strategy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_management"
],
"rationale": "The company is likely adopting a Transnational Strategy, as the video emphasizes global integration through connectivity and local responsiveness with innovation. This approach balances efficiency with adaptation, aligning with the visual and thematic elements of global reach, differentiation, and flexibility presented in the video.",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/1.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which of the following strategies is the company most likely adopting?
|
videos/Management/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Renin-angiotensin system",
"B": "Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis",
"C": "Adrenaline and norepinephrine",
"D": "Melatonin secretion",
"E": "Sodium-potassium pump activity"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_70
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezDJ1GSXl4s
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin%E2%80%93angiotensin_system"
],
"rationale": "The issue presented in the video is related to the imbalance of water within the body, causing cells to swell and resulting in symptoms such as headaches. Among the options provided, the regulation of water balance is primarily managed through the renin-angiotensin system.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/2.mp4
|
When the phenomenon in the video occurs, which of the following options is the most important to adjust?
|
videos/Clinical_Medicine/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "Wooden strips and plastic rods with different electrical charges attract each other.",
"B": "The wooden stick and the plastic rod have the same electric charge and repel each other.",
"C": "The plastic rod is charged, but the wooden strip is uncharged. The plastic rod ionizes the air to make the wooden strip charged and creates a force interaction with the plastic rod.",
"D": "The wooden strips are charged, but the plastic rods are not. The molecules of the plastic rod are polarized and the wooden strips are subject to magnetic forces.",
"E": "The wooden stick is uncharged and the plastic rod is charged. The wood molecules are polarized and rotate due to uneven forces in the electric field."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_72
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmDSDnAjWIE&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=1
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_dipole_moment",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_density"
],
"rationale": "The charged plastic rod creates an electric field that induces polarization in the wooden stick molecules, even though the stick itself is uncharged. This polarization causes the wooden stick to experience rotational torque due to uneven forces in the electric field, leading to its rotation.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/7.mp4
|
Why does the wooden stick rotate with the plastic strip?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "The metal rod transfers electrons directly to the metal cap through conduction when brought near, charging the cap and causing the metal piece inside to move due to electrostatic attraction.",
"B": "Bringing the charged metal rod near the metal cap induces a redistribution of charges in the cap by electrostatic induction, causing the metal piece inside to deflect due to induced charges.",
"C": "Rubbing the fabric on the metal cap discharges any existing charge on the cap by grounding it, so the metal piece inside no longer responds to the external rod.",
"D": "Rubbing the fabric on the metal cap transfers additional electric charge to the cap so that when the charged rod is brought near, the interaction with the metal piece inside changes due to modified electric fields.",
"E": "The charged metal rod ionizes the air around the jar, and the resulting ions enter the jar and interact with the metal piece inside, causing it to move."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_73
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmDSDnAjWIE&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=1
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatics"
],
"rationale": "In the video described, a person rubs a metal rod with a piece of black fabric and then brings it close to the metal cap of a glass jar containing a metal piece, causing the metal piece inside to move. Later, the person rubs the black fabric across the metal cap of the jar and then waves the metal rod over the cap again. Considering the principles of electromagnetism. The observed behavior involves the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction. The rod is charged by rubbing and induces movement of the metal piece inside the jar. Rubbing the fabric on the cap adds charge through friction, altering the electric fields. The subsequent interaction with the charged rod changes the metal piece's movement. Choice D best explains these effects.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/7.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the phenomenon in the video?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/7.mp4
|
{
"A": "diversification",
"B": "vertical integration",
"C": "horizontal integration",
"D": "outsourcing",
"E": "speculation"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_75
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdgzwMOVz-Q
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_management",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_integration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_management",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_integration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversification_(marketing_strategy)"
],
"rationale": "According to the content of the video, the company being discussed is a coffee company (the bubbles above the truck represent coffee beans) along with its upstream supply chain (costs of raw coffee beans, labor costs, etc.). A common practice to mitigate the price risk of upstream products is vertical integration, which involves establishing the coffee brand's own coffee plantation.",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Principles of Finance (Julie Dahlquist, Rainford Knight)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/2.mp4
|
For the company shown in the video, what is one of the methods to handle associated risks?
|
videos/Management/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "Convergence",
"B": "Dilation",
"C": "Refraction",
"D": "Transduction",
"E": "Accommodation"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_76
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dq2o9YSGVho
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_muscle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_(vertebrate_eye)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergence#Convergence"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the process of visual focus by the eyeball, the pupillary restriction that occurs when the pupil encounters light stimulation, and the change in lens thickness, all of which belong to the eye's accommodation.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/3.mp4
|
What kind of functions of the human eyes is shown in this video?
|
videos/Neurobiology/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Pupillary dilation, lens flattening, and divergence of the eyes",
"B": "Pupillary constriction, lens thickening, and convergence of the eyes",
"C": "Pupillary dilation, lens thickening, and convergence of the eyes",
"D": "Pupillary constriction, lens flattening, and divergence of the eyes",
"E": "Pupillary constriction, lens thickening, and divergence of the eyes"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_77
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dq2o9YSGVho
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergence",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_reflex",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_muscle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(vertebrate_anatomy)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex"
],
"rationale": "When focusing on a close object, the human eye undergoes the accommodation reflex, including three changes: lens thickening (ciliary muscles contract, lens becomes convex), pupillary constriction (pupil constricts to improve focus), and convergence (eyes rotate inward). Option B correctly describes these adjustments, while the others have incorrect physiological responses like dilation or divergence.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/3.mp4
|
The video demonstrates different stages of eye accommodation. Which combination of physiological responses correctly describes these adjustments?
|
videos/Neurobiology/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "As the call progresses, the power of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile phone weakens.",
"B": "A medium that blocks the propagation of electromagnetic waves is added between the mobile phone and the measuring device.",
"C": "As the mobile phone gets farther and farther away from the measuring device, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves received by the measuring device weakens.",
"D": "When the mobile phone heats up, the power of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile phone weakens.",
"E": "The movement of mobile phones causes the electromagnetic wave signals emitted by mobile phones to weaken."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_78
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpfMdC_mCok&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=6
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_propagation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_signal_strength_indicator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the mobile phone is always in the dialing state and gradually moves away from the measuring device, but otherwise there is no change. According to relevant knowledge, the electromagnetic wave signal strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, so because the mobile phone is far away from the measuring device, the measured electromagnetic wave signal strength decreases.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/8.mp4
|
Why do mobile phone electromagnetic wave signal strength measurements gradually weaken?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/8.mp4
|
{
"A": "No relevant regulations",
"B": "If the video object has independent legal standing",
"C": "If the video is part of a sales demonstration",
"D": "No",
"E": "Yes"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_80
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4e2rpw7gwY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Convention"
],
"rationale": "According to Article 2 of the CISG, it specifies the types of contracts that are not applicable under CISG, which includes contracts with aircraft as the subject matter. Since the main object presented in the video is an aircraft, contracts related to that object are not governed by CISG.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "The CISG: A new textbook for students and practitioners (Peter Huber, Alastair Mullis)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/1.mp4
|
Can the object in a video become the subject matter of a contract governed by CISG?
|
videos/Law/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "The aluminum foil becomes charged when rubbed against the cloth, attracting the rod.",
"B": "The aluminum foil is charged, the rod is not, and they attract each other.",
"C": "The aluminum foil and the rod have different charges and they attract each other.",
"D": "The aluminum foil contains water and has surface tension when it comes into contact with the rod.",
"E": "The rod becomes charged when rubbed against the cloth, attracting the aluminum foil."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_81
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFhHs8F4OfI&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=24
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law"
],
"rationale": "There will be a charge transfer after the cloth and the plastic water pipe are rubbed. The plastic water pipe is charged due to static electricity, so the plastic water pipe will attract the aluminum foil.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/9.mp4
|
Why is aluminum foil attracted to the rod in the video?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/9.mp4
|
{
"A": "The organ is transplanted directly into the patient without any processing",
"B": "The organ is flushed with a biological solution and decellularized",
"C": "The organ is frozen and used directly",
"D": "The organ's elasticity is tested using a mechanical device",
"E": "The organ is sterilized with high-temperature treatment"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_83
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-qRRZfz4cM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-cell_therapy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplantation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering"
],
"rationale": "The processing steps performed on the organ before the surgery, as shown in the video, correspond to option: (B) The organ is flushed with a biological solution and decellularized. The video shows the organ is handled, injected with fluids, and likely prepared for transplantation via a decellularization process to remove cellular material, leaving only the extracellular matrix.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, 4th Edition (John Enderle, Susan Blanchard, Joseph Bronzino)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/0.mp4
|
What are the processing steps performed on the organ before the surgery as shown in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/0.mp4
|
{
"A": "Gaussian",
"B": "Uniform",
"C": "Periodical",
"D": "Lorentzian",
"E": "Poisson"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_85
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDWRxLcvCUo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_processing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_density"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the changes of the screen of the Keysight 34461A 6 1/2-digit digital multimeter, which displays a histogram of voltage readings. According to the changes in the spectrum shown by the oscilloscope in the video, it gradually presents characteristics of a Gaussian distribution from the initially chaotic state, corresponding to the new option A.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/1.mp4
|
According to the video, which distribution does the spectrum gradually obey?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Shot Noise",
"B": "Flicker Noise (1/f Noise)",
"C": "Thermal Noise (Johnson-Nyquist Noise)",
"D": "Burst Noise",
"E": "Avalanche Noise"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_86
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDWRxLcvCUo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(electronics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flicker_noise",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_noise",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burst_noise",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution"
],
"rationale": "Based on the video observations of the Keysight 34461A 6ВЅ Digit Multimeter displaying voltage readings over time, the histogram of these readings gradually forms a Gaussian distribution centered around a specific voltage value as more samples are taken. Thermal Noise (Johnson-Nyquist Noise) is the primary contributor to the Gaussian-distributed voltage fluctuations observed in the multimeter readings. This is because it results from many random, independent events due to thermal motion in resistive components. Other noise types either produce non-Gaussian distributions or are linked to conditions not applicable to the multimeter measurements.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/1.mp4
|
Considering the characteristics of various types of electrical noise, which type of noise is most likely the primary contributor to the fluctuations observed in the voltage measurements?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "The variance of the voltage readings has increased, causing the distribution to spread out.",
"B": "The mean voltage has shifted away from the bin's voltage range.",
"C": "The voltage readings are becoming more uniformly distributed over time.",
"D": "The measurement noise is decreasing, narrowing the distribution around the mean.",
"E": "The width of each bin decreases, resulting in a smaller percentage of readings in any single bin within a continuous normal distribution."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_87
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDWRxLcvCUo
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the screen of a Keysight 34461A 6 1/2-digit digital multimeter showing a histogram of voltage readings. The decrease in the percentage of readings within a bin is due to the increase in the number of bins, resulting in narrower bin widths. This reduces the probability of readings falling into any single bin, despite the total number of readings increasing, as per the characteristics of continuous normal distributions and histogram binning effects.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/1.mp4
|
According to the video, which of the following best explains the observed decrease in the percentage of readings within that bin?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "The laid carbon fiber bundles are approximately homogeneous",
"B": "Automated systems can detect defects in real time",
"C": "The two laying processes take approximately the same amount of time.",
"D": "Even speed at all times during production",
"E": "Direction can be changed"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_90
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEMG1HkgAwA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-fiber_reinforced_polymer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fibers",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation"
],
"rationale": "The carbon fiber tows laying process displayed in the video involves fine adjustments of the fiber direction while maintaining a constant diameter of the tow head. This design ensures that the output carbon fiber tows have a high degree of uniformity. At the corners of the laying path, the tow head remains stationary to achieve a smooth transition, avoiding twisting or breaking of the carbon fiber tows. Additionally, since the entire laying process consists of two symmetrically opposite steps, the time required for these two steps is almost equal, further enhancing production efficiency and the consistency of product quality. This indicates that production does not maintain a uniform speed at all times.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/2.mp4
|
Which of the following statements is not true about automated manufacturing techniques for carbon fiber tows?
|
videos/Materials_Science/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "It allows for precise control over the degree of polymerization of the resin matrix.",
"B": "It mitigates thermal stresses by evenly distributing heat during the curing process.",
"C": "It enhances the intrinsic strength of individual carbon fibers through proper tensioning.",
"D": "It ensures accurate fiber orientation and placement, reducing defects such as gaps and overlaps, thus improving structural performance.",
"E": "It enables real-time monitoring of chemical reactions within the resin to adjust processing parameters accordingly."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_91
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEMG1HkgAwA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-fiber_reinforced_polymer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_fiber_placement"
],
"rationale": "The primary advantage of Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) technology is its ability to ensure precise fiber orientation and placement. This reduces defects such as gaps and overlaps, which in turn improves the structural performance of high-performance carbon fiber composites by achieving desired mechanical properties.",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/2.mp4
|
Considering advanced composite manufacturing techniques and the challenges associated with producing high-performance carbon fiber composites, which of the following is the primary advantage of using technology shown in the video in this context?
|
videos/Materials_Science/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "32g",
"B": "40g",
"C": "40amu",
"D": "30amu",
"E": "44amu"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_93
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjVrIFScsls
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mass",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate"
],
"rationale": "The question asks for the formula mass of the gas produced. Formula mass is calculated by adding the average atomic masses, expressed in amu. The video shows the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid, producing carbon dioxide as the gas. The formula mass of carbon dioxide is 44, so the correct answer is E.",
"subject": "Chemistry",
"textbook": "Chemistry, 2nd Edition (Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/2.mp4
|
What is the formula mass of the generated gas ?
|
videos/Chemistry/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "Amoxicillin",
"B": "Diphenhydramine",
"C": "Metformin",
"D": "Lisinopril",
"E": "Sertraline"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_94
|
E
|
https://youtu.be/i8EPzkxAiVw?si=OHD0LWGtBwEIUUYE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisinopril",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoxicillin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenhydramine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin"
],
"rationale": "The girl in the video is experiencing depression. Regarding the medications mentioned: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): An antihistamine used for allergies and insomnia. Amoxicillin (Amoxicillin): An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. Metformin (Metformin): A medication for managing type 2 diabetes. Lisinopril (Lisinopril): An antihypertensive used for high blood pressure. Sertraline (Sertraline): A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression. For the girl in the video, Sertraline would be the appropriate medication.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/2.mp4
|
What medicines can be used to relieve the symptoms of the diseases in the video?
|
videos/Pharmacy/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "5",
"B": "4",
"C": "6",
"D": "3",
"E": "2"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_96
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=223jb0uXARM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_code",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_bit",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_theory"
],
"rationale": "The video uses animation to show the principle and process of parity check. To correct single-bit errors for a 17-bit data word using Hamming code, 5 parity bits are required. This satisfies the condition 2^r в‰?m + r + 1. For r = 5, the inequality 32 в‰?23 holds, while r = 4 is insufficient. Therefore, the minimum number of parity bits needed is 5.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/2.mp4
|
To design an error-correcting code for a data word(the length is shown at the beginning of the video) that can detect and correct all single-bit errors, using the Hamming code, what is the minimum number of parity bits required?
|
videos/Electronics_and_Communication/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "The algorithm remains stable because swapping identical elements does not affect their relative order.",
"B": "The algorithm becomes unstable because swapping elements immediately can change the relative order of duplicate elements.",
"C": "The algorithm remains stable because it only swaps elements when a new minimum is found.",
"D": "The algorithm becomes unstable only if there are more than two duplicate elements.",
"E": "The algorithm becomes stable because immediate swaps ensure duplicate elements remain adjacent."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_98
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92BfuxHn2XE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort"
],
"rationale": "The selection sort algorithm becomes unstable when swapping immediately on finding a new minimum, as it can change the relative order of duplicate elements. This swapping strategy affects stability, contradicting the claim that identical swaps do not alter order. Therefore, the correct statement is that the algorithm becomes unstable due to immediate swaps with duplicate values.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/3.mp4
|
In the algorithm demonstrated in the video, suppose we are sorting an array of ‘n’ elements containing duplicate values. The algorithm swaps elements immediately when a new minimum is found during the inner loop, rather than waiting until the end of the pass through the unsorted portion of the array. Based on this swapping strategy, which of the following statements about the stability of the selection sort algorithm is correct?
|
videos/Computer_Science/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into light energy of the bulb.",
"B": "The electrical energy stored in the battery is converted into electrical energy in the capacitor and light energy and heat loss in the bulb.",
"C": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into electrical energy of the battery.",
"D": "The electrical energy stored in the battery is converted into electrical energy and heat loss in the capacitor.",
"E": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into electrical energy and heat loss of the battery."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_100
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_network",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation"
],
"rationale": "When the light bulb lights up, the power source charges the capacitor. The power supply releases electrical energy, which is converted into electrical energy in the capacitor and light energy and heat loss in the bulb.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
How does the energy in the circuit in the video change?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "pure resistor circuit",
"B": "RC circuit",
"C": "RL circuit",
"D": "LC circuit",
"E": "RLC circuit"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_101
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force"
],
"rationale": "The circuit in the video is composed of a battery as power source, a bulb as resistor and a capacitor. Therefore, the circuit is a typical RC circuit.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the type of the circuit?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "The increased resistance causes the capacitor to charge faster, so the voltmeter reading increases more rapidly.",
"B": "The increased resistance causes the capacitor to charge more slowly initially, but the final voltage reached is higher.",
"C": "The increased resistance has no effect on the charging process or the voltmeter readings since the battery voltage is constant.",
"D": "The increased resistance causes the capacitor to charge more slowly, so the voltmeter reading increases more slowly.",
"E": "The increased resistance causes the capacitor to discharge, causing the voltmeter reading to decrease over time."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_102
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_constant",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_types",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit"
],
"rationale": "As the bulb's resistance increases due to its filament heating up, it causes the capacitor to charge more slowly. This results in a larger time constant and a more gradual increase in the voltmeter reading. Consequently, the voltmeter takes longer to reach its maximum value, which is equal to the battery voltage.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the effect of increasing resistance in the circuit on the voltmeter readings over time?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "The aluminum cylinder acts as a capacitor that charges over time when the switch is closed, causing the voltmeter reading.",
"B": "The aluminum cylinder acts as an inductor, inducing a rising voltage due to the increasing current when the switch is closed.",
"C": "The light bulb's resistance decreases as it heats up, allowing more current to flow and increasing the voltage reading over time.",
"D": "The voltmeter reads an increasing voltage due to a time-dependent magnetic field created by the circuit when the switch is closed.",
"E": "The fluctuation in the voltmeter reading is caused by the exponential decay of voltage across a discharging capacitor when the switch is closed."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_103
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage"
],
"rationale": "The rising voltmeter reading to approximately 3.139 V suggests that the aluminum cylinder acts as a capacitor. When the switch is closed, it accumulates charge, causing the voltage to increase until it matches the battery voltage. Other options fail to match the observed charging behavior typical of a capacitor in the circuit.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
Which of the following statements best explains why the voltmeter reading rises steadily?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4
|
{
"A": "Legality",
"B": "Acceptance",
"C": "Offer",
"D": "Contractual Capacity",
"E": "Consideration"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_106
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BIE4zpe6hY
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_contract",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeting_of_the_minds",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consideration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract"
],
"rationale": "The act of Santa giving gifts does not meet the definition of consideration in a transaction. This is because consideration usually refers to something of value that is exchanged between two parties in a transaction, whereas Santa giving gifts is unilateral and does not receive an equivalent value in return. Therefore, this behaviour cannot be considered an agreement, as agreements usually require the consent of both parties and the exchange of consideration.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "Contract Law (Chris Turner)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/2.mp4
|
If the scenario shown in the video is treated as a transactional scenario, the parties cannot be considered to have reached an agreement, because what condition is missing?
|
videos/Law/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "lakeside",
"B": "seaside",
"C": "country",
"D": "city",
"E": "forest"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_107
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3vbxl_VLsk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seascape"
],
"rationale": "This video shows a beautiful view of a deserted beach. The beach has golden sand with blue-green waves lapping against the shore.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel (Marina Mackay)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/1.mp4
|
What is the setting of the video?
|
videos/Literature/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "*\"Sonnet 18\"* by William Shakespeare",
"B": "*\"Ozymandias\"* by Percy Bysshe Shelley",
"C": "*\"The Waste Land\"* by T.S. Eliot",
"D": "*\"Dover Beach\"* by Matthew Arnold",
"E": "*\"The Road Not Taken\"* by Robert Frost"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_108
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3vbxl_VLsk
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Oppen",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_literature",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Arnold",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Beach",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesil_Beach"
],
"rationale": "The video's beach setting, with golden sand, waves, rock formations, and overcast sky, closely resembles Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold. The poem describes a calm sea, pebble beach, cliffs, and a melancholic atmosphere, aligning with the depicted scene. Other options either lack beach elements or feature different landscapes, making Dover Beach the most fitting match.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel (Marina Mackay)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/1.mp4
|
Based on the description of the video, which of the following poems does the setting most closely resemble?
|
videos/Literature/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "The heat energy is converted into light energy of the lamp.",
"B": "The electrical energy is converted into light energy of the lamp.",
"C": "The light energy of the lamp is converted into kinetic energy.",
"D": "The light energy of the lamp is converted into heat energy.",
"E": "The light energy of the lamp is converted into electrical energy."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_110
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgmfFf9zH-w
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation"
],
"rationale": "According to the video, the object in the middle is powered by an external power source and emits light, and the light tube held by the experimenter also emits light in the changing magnetic field, all of which come from the electrical energy of the external power source. So in this process, electrical energy is converted into light energy of the lamp.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
|
What kind of energy changes appear in the video?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "The heat from the lava lamp causes thermal excitation of the gas in the fluorescent bulb, leading to light emission.",
"B": "Visible light from the lava lamp induces fluorescence in the bulb's phosphor coating, causing it to emit light.",
"C": "Infrared radiation from the lava lamp heats the mercury vapor in the bulb, causing it to emit ultraviolet light.",
"D": "Electric fields from the alternating current in the lava lamp induce ionization of gas within the fluorescent bulb, resulting in light emission.",
"E": "Chemical vapors from the lava lamp enter the bulb and react with the gas inside to produce light."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_111
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgmfFf9zH-w
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_lamp",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field"
],
"rationale": "In the video, a person holds a fluorescent light bulb near a lava lamp. As the bulb moves closer to the lava lamp, a bright band appears within the bulb at the point closest to the lamp, and this bright band moves as the position of the bulb or lamp changes. The phenomenon is explained by electric fields from the lava lamp's alternating current inducing ionization in the fluorescent bulb's gas. Capacitive coupling occurs when the bulb is near the lamp, creating an alternating electric field and potential difference that causes gas ionization and light emission, resulting in the observed bright band.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the phenomenon observed in the video?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "The lava lamp emits infrared radiation that is absorbed by the fluorescent bulb's gas, causing direct excitation and then light emission.",
"B": "The heat from the lava lamp raises the temperature of the fluorescent bulb, causing thermal ionization of the gas inside.",
"C": "Electromagnetic waves from the lava lamp's AC supply cause the fluorescent bulb's phosphor coating to fluoresce, emitting light.",
"D": "Ultraviolet light from the lava lamp excites the phosphor coating of the fluorescent bulb, causing it to emit light.",
"E": "Time-varying magnetic fields in the lava lamp induce an electric field in the bulb, resulting in ionization of the gas and then light emission."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_112
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgmfFf9zH-w
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations"
],
"rationale": "In the video, a fluorescent light bulb is held near a lava lamp, and a bright band appears within the bulb at the point closest to the lamp. This bright band moves as the position of the bulb or lamp changes. The fluorescent bulb emits light due to electromagnetic induction. The AC current in the lava lamp's heating element creates an alternating magnetic field, inducing an electric field in the bulb. This causes ionization of mercury vapor, emitting UV light, which excites the phosphor coating to emit visible light. This aligns with electromagnetic principles, specifically Faraday's Law of Induction.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the underlying phenomenon causing the observed effect?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/11.mp4
|
{
"A": "breadth first search",
"B": "sequential search",
"C": "post-order traversal",
"D": "heuristic search",
"E": "hash search"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_114
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AEFRkI2SHA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search"
],
"rationale": "Breadth first search can be applied to a binary search tree in exploring the levels of the tree from top to bottom and from left to right.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
|
What kind of algorithm is used in the video?
|
videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "Level-order traversal (Breadth-first traversal); nodes are visited level by level from top to bottom.",
"B": "Pre-order traversal; nodes are visited in root-left-right order.",
"C": "In-order traversal; nodes are visited in left-root-right order, resulting in sorted order.",
"D": "Post-order traversal; nodes are visited in left-right-root order.",
"E": "Reverse level-order traversal; nodes are visited level by level from bottom to top."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_115
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AEFRkI2SHA
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts a level-order traversal (Breadth-first traversal) of a complete binary tree. The node sequence 5, 2, 8, 1, 4, 6, 3, 7 matches the level-order method, where nodes are visited from top to bottom, layer by layer. This traversal highlights the breadth-first characteristic of exploring nodes across each level before moving deeper.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
|
Which traversal algorithm is being demonstrated in the video, and what characteristic of this traversal order does it highlight?
|
videos/Computer_Science/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "They must bear the responsibility in any circumstances.",
"B": "Only in situations of economic hardship",
"C": "Only if both parties agree",
"D": "They can transfer their obligations to another party",
"E": "No"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_118
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zci1r3Yt-fw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_contract",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_majeure"
],
"rationale": "The video presents the situation of workers on strike, which is also a form of force majeure. When force majeure leads to the inability to perform a contract, it is a reason for exemption according to the CISG. Therefore, the party involved can be exempt from liability.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "The CISG: A new textbook for students and practitioners (Peter Huber, Alastair Mullis)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/3.mp4
|
If the situation in the video causes one party's obligations not to be performed as agreed in the contract, does the party need to bear the responsibility?
|
videos/Law/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "The Wagner Act of 1935.",
"B": "The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932.",
"C": "The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.",
"D": "The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.",
"E": "The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_119
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zci1r3Yt-fw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strike_wave_of_1945%E2%80%931946",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_labor_law"
],
"rationale": "The video showcases a workers�strike movement. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, enacted in response to the widespread labor strikes in 1946, allowed employers and the government to seek federal injunctions against strikes posing a threat to national interests. This act aimed to curtail union activities that endangered national health or safety, differentiating it from earlier acts which focused on workers' rights and collective bargaining.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "The CISG: A new textbook for students and practitioners (Peter Huber, Alastair Mullis)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/3.mp4
|
Based on the events depicted in the video, which of the following legal acts grants the ability to request federal injunctions against specific activities shown?
|
videos/Law/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Under the Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932, federal courts are prohibited from issuing injunctions in cases involving labor disputes, so the employer cannot seek an injunction.",
"B": "Under the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935, the employer can file an unfair labor practice charge with the National Labor Relations Board to enjoin the strike.",
"C": "Under the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, the President can seek an 80-day cooling-off injunction to halt the strike if it imperils national health or safety.",
"D": "Under the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, the employer can seek an injunction because the strike constitutes an illegal restraint of trade.",
"E": "Under the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, the employer can sue the union in federal court for breach of the collective bargaining agreement, and a court can issue an injunction if the strike violates a binding arbitration clause."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_120
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zci1r3Yt-fw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_dispute",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Hartley_Act",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_bargaining",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norris%E2%80%93La_Guardia_Act"
],
"rationale": "The employer can seek an injunction against the strike under Section 301 of the Taft-Hartley Act. This allows suing the union in federal court for breaching the collective bargaining agreement if the strike violates a binding arbitration clause, whereas other options, including the Norris-LaGuardia Act, Wagner Act, and Clayton Act, do not provide such an avenue.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "The CISG: A new textbook for students and practitioners (Peter Huber, Alastair Mullis)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/3.mp4
|
Which of the following legal avenues allows the employer to seek such an injunction in federal court against the activity shown in the video, and under what conditions is such an injunction permissible under U.S. federal labor law, given historical precedent?
|
videos/Law/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "The changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the filament, increasing the current and causing mechanical motion.",
"B": "The filament is made of a ferromagnetic material and is attracted to the magnet due to magnetic attraction.",
"C": "The magnetic field from the magnet induces eddy currents in the filament, leading to heating and deformation.",
"D": "The moving charges in the filament experience a Lorentz force due to the external magnetic field, causing the filament to move.",
"E": "The electrons in the filament are accelerated by an external electric field, and as they interact with the magnetic field, they experience a force that causes the filament to move."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_123
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-yXkz19z48&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=15
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb"
],
"rationale": "The movement of the light bulb filament is best explained by Option D. It describes the Lorentz force effect, where moving charges within the filament interact with the external magnetic field from the magnet, causing the filament to sway. This explanation aligns with the principles of electromagnetism, specifically the force experienced by current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/12.mp4
|
Which of the following best explains the filament's movement?
|
videos/Electromagnetism/12.mp4
|
{
"A": "ripping",
"B": "digging",
"C": "hydraulic hammering",
"D": "blasting",
"E": "drilling"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_125
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6pfXO7OBiw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandvik",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_and_blasting",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_excavation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Austrian_tunneling_method"
],
"rationale": "The sudden vibrations and the large amount of dust seen in the video indicate that the excavation method being used is blasting. Other options, such as digging, ripping, drilling, and hammering, do not exhibit the sudden and explosive characteristics of blasting.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
|
Which excavation method is shown in the video?
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Installation of rock bolts and wire mesh reinforcement",
"B": "Controlled blasting to remove loose and unstable rock",
"C": "Construction of a reinforced concrete retaining wall at the base of the slope",
"D": "Application of shotcrete (sprayed concrete) to stabilize the rock face",
"E": "Bioengineering methods such as planting vegetation to hold the soil"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_126
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6pfXO7OBiw
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_and_blasting",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_stability",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotcrete",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall_barrier"
],
"rationale": "The video indicates the use of controlled blasting to address the unstable slope on a mountain road. A controlled explosion is used to deliberately remove loose, unstable rock masses, implying option B. Other options like rock bolts, concrete walls, shotcrete, catch fences, or vegetation do not involve blasting and are thus eliminated as part of the solution.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
|
Based on the video description, which rockfall mitigation technique is being used to address the unstable slope and protect the roadway below?
|
videos/Civil_Engineering/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Not affected",
"B": "Stop flow",
"C": "Flow slower",
"D": "Flow faster",
"E": "Flow to the opposite direction"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_128
|
B
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel"
],
"rationale": "When an action potential is generated, the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium ions increases, resulting in an influx of sodium ions, followed by an efflux of potassium ions. Therefore, it can be inferred that the blue ions in the video are sodium ions. Tetrodotoxin is a sodium channel blocker that can close the sodium channels on the cell membrane, stopping the influx of sodium ions. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which is to stop the flow.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
|
Considering this video shows an action potential of a neuron, If tetrodotoxin is applied to the neuron in this video, what will happen to the blue ion?
|
videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "The initiation of the action potential would be prevented due to lack of depolarization.",
"B": "The neuron would hyperpolarize immediately after the action potential.",
"C": "The frequency of action potentials generated would increase due to faster repolarization.",
"D": "Repolarization of the neuron after the action potential would be prolonged, leading to a longer action potential duration.",
"E": "Sodium ions would be unable to influx, preventing the rising phase of the action potential."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_129
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repolarization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel"
],
"rationale": "During the generation of an action potential, the cell membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions, allowing sodium influx, followed by potassium efflux. Based on this, the yellow channel in the video is likely a potassium ion channel. Inhibiting voltage-gated potassium channels slows repolarization during an action potential, prolonging its duration. This happens because potassium ions cannot exit the neuron efficiently, delaying the return to resting potential and potentially reducing hyperpolarization. Therefore, option D, which states repolarization would be prolonged, is the correct answer, while other options incorrectly describe the effects of this inhibition.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
|
In the context of the video showing ions moving across the neuronal membrane during an action potential, suppose a researcher applies a drug specifically inhibiting the function of the yellow channel depicted in the video. Which of the following effects is most likely to be observed as a result of this inhibition?
|
videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "The resting membrane potential would become more negative due to increased sodium permeability.",
"B": "The amplitude of the action potential peak would decrease due to reduced sodium influx.",
"C": "The repolarization phase of the action potential would be delayed, resulting in prolonged depolarization.",
"D": "The threshold for action potential initiation would be higher, making it harder to generate action potentials.",
"E": "The after-hyperpolarization phase would be more pronounced due to enhanced potassium efflux."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_130
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channel"
],
"rationale": "During the generation of an action potential, the cell membrane’s permeability to sodium ions increases, leading to sodium influx, followed by potassium efflux. Based on this, the blue channel in the video is likely a sodium ion channel. A mutation causing voltage-gated sodium channels to inactivate more slowly would prolong sodium influx, delaying the repolarization phase and resulting in prolonged depolarization of the neuron. This alteration affects neuronal signaling by extending the duration of the action potential, making option 'The repolarization phase of the action potential would be delayed, resulting in prolonged depolarization' correct.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
|
Based on the video depicting ion movement across a neuronal membrane during an action potential, suppose a genetic mutation causes blue channels in a neuron to inactivate more slowly than normal. Which of the following effects would most likely occur in the neuron's action potential as a result of this mutation?
|
videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "DNA recombination",
"B": "Western blot",
"C": "RNA migration",
"D": "Frameshift mutation",
"E": "Molecular markers"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_131
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpS17d1SoIU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_marker",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker"
],
"rationale": "Any biological substance, such as nucleotide sequences or proteins, specifically expressed in relation to a disease state (pathophysiology) is known as E. Molecular markers. These Molecular markers help in the early identification of disease, assessing the severity of the disease, monitoring the progression of the disease, and may even serve as prognostic markers for patients undergoing therapeutic treatment. Most Molecular markers can be easily isolated from blood, making them a better alternative to the invasive methods widely used for disease identification. The video gives an E. Molecular marker for a specific person's gene, thus making it easy to find.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
What kind of biotechnology is reflected in the video?
|
videos/Biomedical_Engineering/1.mp4
|
{
"A": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels decrease due to enhanced photosynthesis from increased phytoplankton growth in warm surface waters.",
"B": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels remain stable as oceanic CO₂ fluxes are balanced by terrestrial carbon uptake.",
"C": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels decrease due to increased carbon sequestration in deep ocean layers as warm water sinks.",
"D": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels increase due to reduced upwelling of nutrient-rich waters, leading to lower phytoplankton productivity and decreased CO₂ absorption.",
"E": "Atmospheric CO₂ levels fluctuate unpredictably due to complex interactions without a consistent pattern."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_132
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vIjhe5D6cM
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern_Oscillation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_carbon_cycle"
],
"rationale": "During an El NiГ±o event, atmospheric COв‚?levels are most likely to increase due to reduced upwelling of nutrient-rich waters. This diminishes phytoplankton productivity, leading to decreased COв‚?absorption from the atmosphere. Additionally, warmer water temperatures lower COв‚?solubility, further reducing oceanic COв‚?uptake, contributing to the increase in atmospheric COв‚?levels.",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "The Economy of Nature, 7th Edition (Robert E. Ricklefs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/3.mp4
|
Based on the environmental changes described in the video, which of the following is the most likely impact on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels during this period of environmental change?
|
videos/Biology/3.mp4
|
{
"A": "Law of refraction",
"B": "Law of reflection",
"C": "Single slit interference",
"D": "Double slit interference",
"E": "Scattering phenomenon"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_134
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOvg66VdNAI
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_interference",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specular_reflection",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell%27s_law"
],
"rationale": "As can be seen from the video, after the laser passes through a device (which is actually a Double seam), a regular pattern appears on the back wall, which consists of the bright and dark stripes that are evenly distributed, and the middle stripe appears brighter, which is consistent with the experimental results of double slit interference.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/4.mp4
|
What does the video describe
|
videos/Mechanics/4.mp4
|
{
"A": "Law of Universal Gravitation",
"B": "Archimedes' Principle",
"C": "Pascal's Law",
"D": "Venturi's Law",
"E": "Boyle-Mariotte's Law"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_136
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJzTkEN07sU
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be seen that the device has different glass tube radii at different positions. Over time, the liquid level at different radii also shows a situation of being pushed up and down, which corresponds to the generation of different pressures due to different thicknesses. This causes the liquid level to show different positions above and below, reflecting Venturi's Law.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/5.mp4
|
What does the video describe?
|
videos/Mechanics/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "Compression test",
"B": "Shear test",
"C": "Tensile test",
"D": "Bend test",
"E": "Torsion test"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_138
|
E
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzEoZ9xxtHE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsional_vibration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_materials_properties",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTM_International",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test"
],
"rationale": "The two sides of the workpiece rotate relative to each other, and the cross-section of the workpiece is subjected to a torsional moment perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
What type of test is shown in the video?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "The material has failed due to reaching its maximum shear stress, indicated by the necking near the center.",
"B": "The clamps on both sides rotate in the same direction, ensuring uniform shear distribution.",
"C": "The specimen is tested in a pure tension setup rather than torsion, as evidenced by elongation at the center.",
"D": "The deformation pattern suggests the material is undergoing ductile failure.",
"E": "The video shows a brittle fracture, as evidenced by the sharp edges forming at the center of the specimen."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_139
|
D
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzEoZ9xxtHE
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_materials_properties"
],
"rationale": "The video shows a trosion test, where a cylindrical specimen is subjected to twisting. The material demonstrates significant deformation before failure, which is a characteristic of ductile behavior. Brittle fracture would typically show sharp, sudden breaks with little prior deformation, which is not observed in this case. Therefore, the correct option is D. The deformation pattern suggests the material is undergoing ductile failure.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
Which of the following conclusions is correct regarding the test setup and material behavior?
|
videos/Mechanical_Engineering/5.mp4
|
{
"A": "divide and conquer",
"B": "parallel",
"C": "dynamic programming",
"D": "greedy",
"E": "backtracking"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_143
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=214lD7tWkz8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimization_problem",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence"
],
"rationale": "Fibonacci Numbers: Computing the nth Fibonacci number using a recursive approach can be very inefficient due to repeated calculations. Dynamic programming can store intermediate results to avoid recomputation.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
|
What kind of idea of algorithm is used in the video?
|
videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "The algorithm has a time complexity of O(n) because it reduces the problem size by one in each recursive call; using tail recursion can optimize its space complexity.",
"B": "The algorithm has a time complexity of O(log n) due to the binary nature of the recursion; implementing a binary search strategy can improve its efficiency.",
"C": "The algorithm has a time complexity of O(2ⁿ) because it recalculates identical subproblems repeatedly; applying memoization can significantly enhance its performance.",
"D": "The algorithm has a time complexity of O(n²) as it involves a nested recursive structure; employing a divide-and-conquer approach can optimize it.",
"E": "The algorithm's efficiency is limited by the depth of recursion, which is linear; converting the recursion to iteration using a loop can improve its time complexity."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_144
|
C
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=214lD7tWkz8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence"
],
"rationale": "The recursive Fibonacci algorithm has a time complexity of O(2вЃ? due to redundant calculations of identical subproblems. This exponential growth in function calls is inefficient. Applying memoization, which stores results of previously computed subproblems, can significantly improve efficiency, reducing the time complexity to O(n) by avoiding repeated computations.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
|
Without any optimization techniques applied, which of the following statements best describes the time complexity of this algorithm and suggests an appropriate method to improve its efficiency?
|
videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "The number of function calls grows exponentially with `n`, corresponding to O(2^n); applying memoization converts the algorithm to linear time complexity O(n).",
"B": "The number of function calls grows linearly with `n`, corresponding to O(n); using an iterative approach maintains the same time complexity but reduces space complexity.",
"C": "The number of function calls grows logarithmically with `n`, corresponding to O(log n); employing divide-and-conquer techniques can optimize further.",
"D": "The number of function calls grows quadratically with `n`, corresponding to O(n^2); tail recursion can improve time efficiency.",
"E": "The number of function calls grows factorially with `n`, corresponding to O(n!); parallel processing can significantly reduce computation time."
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_145
|
A
|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=214lD7tWkz8
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence"
],
"rationale": "The recursive Fibonacci algorithm has exponential time complexity O(2^n) because of redundant calculations. Memoization can optimize it to linear time complexity O(n) by caching results. Among the options, Choice A correctly states the exponential function growth and the efficiency improvement through memoization, while other choices incorrectly describe the function growth and optimization methods.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
|
Which of the following statements correctly describes the growth rate of the total number of function calls made during the computation without optimization, and identifies a method to improve the algorithm's efficiency to achieve linear time complexity?
|
videos/Computer_Science/6.mp4
|
{
"A": "6",
"B": "5",
"C": "2",
"D": "3",
"E": "4"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_146
|
E
|
https://youtu.be/1MGBapRPzqE?si=cVqfqt0yUMqtpN26
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation"
],
"rationale": "The method for converting decimal to binary in the video is to compare from left to right. Since 16 is the same as the fourth digit, the fourth digit should be filled with 1, while all other digits are 0.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
Using the method in the video, if the number to be converted is 16, what is the first digit in the middle of the video from left to right?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
{
"A": "1, 3",
"B": "1, 2, 5",
"C": "1, 4, 6, 7",
"D": "2, 5, 7, 8",
"E": "2, 3, 6"
}
|
multiple-choice
|
validation_147
|
C
|
https://youtu.be/1MGBapRPzqE?si=cVqfqt0yUMqtpN26
|
{
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation"
],
"rationale": "Converting decimal 150 to binary using successive subtraction yields the binary number 10010110. This process involves writing '1' for the place values 128, 16, 4, and 2 because each of these values, when subtracted sequentially from 150, results in non-negative remainders. Therefore, the set of bits corresponding to these place values is set to '1'.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
}
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
Using the method demonstrated in the video, if the number to be processed is 150, which position in the video (from left to right) should be 1?
|
videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4
|
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