gt:         str = str.toLowerCase();
context: /*
   * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   * 
   *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   * 
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.commons.lang3.text;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils;
  
  /**
   * <p>Operations on Strings that contain words.</p>
   * 
   * <p>This class tries to handle <code>null</code> input gracefully.
   * An exception will not be thrown for a <code>null</code> input.
   * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
   * 
   * @since 2.0
   * @version $Id: WordUtils.java 1199894 2011-11-09 17:53:59Z ggregory $
   */
  public class WordUtils {
  
      /**
       * <p><code>WordUtils</code> instances should NOT be constructed in
       * standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as
       * <code>WordUtils.wrap("foo bar", 20);</code>.</p>
       *
       * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
       * instance to operate.</p>
       */
      public WordUtils() {
        super();
      }
  
      // Wrapping
      //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * <p>Wraps a single line of text, identifying words by <code>' '</code>.</p>
       * 
       * <p>New lines will be separated by the system property line separator.
       * Very long words, such as URLs will <i>not</i> be wrapped.</p>
       * 
       * <p>Leading spaces on a new line are stripped.
       * Trailing spaces are not stripped.</p>
       *
       * <pre>
       * WordUtils.wrap(null, *) = null
       * WordUtils.wrap("", *) = ""
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param str  the String to be word wrapped, may be null
       * @param wrapLength  the column to wrap the words at, less than 1 is treated as 1
       * @return a line with newlines inserted, <code>null</code> if null input
       */
      public static String wrap(String str, int wrapLength) {
          return wrap(str, wrapLength, null, false);
      }
      
      /**
       * <p>Wraps a single line of text, identifying words by <code>' '</code>.</p>
       * 
       * <p>Leading spaces on a new line are stripped.
       * Trailing spaces are not stripped.</p>
       * 
       * <pre>
       * WordUtils.wrap(null, *, *, *) = null
       * WordUtils.wrap("", *, *, *) = ""
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param str  the String to be word wrapped, may be null
       * @param wrapLength  the column to wrap the words at, less than 1 is treated as 1
       * @param newLineStr  the string to insert for a new line, 
       *  <code>null</code> uses the system property line separator
       * @param wrapLongWords  true if long words (such as URLs) should be wrapped
       * @return a line with newlines inserted, <code>null</code> if null input
       */
      public static String wrap(String str, int wrapLength, String newLineStr, boolean wrapLongWords) {
          if (str == null) {
              return null;
          }
          if (newLineStr == null) {
              newLineStr = SystemUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR;
          }
          if (wrapLength < 1) {
              wrapLength = 1;
          }
          int inputLineLength = str.length();
          int offset = 0;
          StringBuilder wrappedLine = new StringBuilder(inputLineLength + 32);
          
          while (inputLineLength - offset > wrapLength) {
              if (str.charAt(offset) == ' ') {
                  offset++;
                  continue;
              }
              int spaceToWrapAt = str.lastIndexOf(' ', wrapLength + offset);
  
              if (spaceToWrapAt >= offset) {
                  // normal case
                  wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset, spaceToWrapAt));
                  wrappedLine.append(newLineStr);
                  offset = spaceToWrapAt + 1;
                  
              } else {
                  // really long word or URL
                  if (wrapLongWords) {
                      // wrap really long word one line at a time
                      wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset, wrapLength + offset));
                      wrappedLine.append(newLineStr);
                      offset += wrapLength;
                  } else {
                      // do not wrap really long word, just extend beyond limit
                      spaceToWrapAt = str.indexOf(' ', wrapLength + offset);
                      if (spaceToWrapAt >= 0) {
                          wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset, spaceToWrapAt));
                          wrappedLine.append(newLineStr);
                          offset = spaceToWrapAt + 1;
                      } else {
                          wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset));
                          offset = inputLineLength;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
  
          // Whatever is left in line is short enough to just pass through
          wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset));
  
          return wrappedLine.toString();
      }
  
      // Capitalizing
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * <p>Capitalizes all the whitespace separated words in a String.
       * Only the first letter of each word is changed. To convert the 
       * rest of each word to lowercase at the same time, 
       * use {@link #capitalizeFully(String)}.</p>
       *
       * <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
       * A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
       * Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
       * upper case.</p>
       *
       * <pre>
       * WordUtils.capitalize(null)        = null
       * WordUtils.capitalize("")          = ""
       * WordUtils.capitalize("i am FINE") = "I Am FINE"
       * </pre>
       * 
       * @param str  the String to capitalize, may be null
       * @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
       * @see #uncapitalize(String)
       * @see #capitalizeFully(String)
       */
      public static String capitalize(String str) {
          return capitalize(str, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * <p>Capitalizes all the delimiter separated words in a String.
       * Only the first letter of each word is changed. To convert the 
       * rest of each word to lowercase at the same time, 
       * use {@link #capitalizeFully(String, char[])}.</p>
       *
       * <p>The delimiters represent a set of characters understood to separate words.
       * The first string character and the first non-delimiter character after a
       * delimiter will be capitalized. </p>
       *
       * <p>A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
       * Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
       * upper case.</p>
       *
       * <pre>
       * WordUtils.capitalize(null, *)            = null
       * WordUtils.capitalize("", *)              = ""
       * WordUtils.capitalize(*, new char[0])     = *
       * WordUtils.capitalize("i am fine", null)  = "I Am Fine"
       * WordUtils.capitalize("i aM.fine", {'.'}) = "I aM.Fine"
       * </pre>
       * 
       * @param str  the String to capitalize, may be null
       * @param delimiters  set of characters to determine capitalization, null means whitespace
       * @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
       * @see #uncapitalize(String)
       * @see #capitalizeFully(String)
       * @since 2.1
       */
      public static String capitalize(String str, char... delimiters) {
          int delimLen = delimiters == null ? -1 : delimiters.length;
          if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || delimLen == 0) {
              return str;
          }
          char[] buffer = str.toCharArray();
          boolean capitalizeNext = true;
          for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
              char ch = buffer[i];
              if (isDelimiter(ch, delimiters)) {
                  capitalizeNext = true;
              } else if (capitalizeNext) {
                  buffer[i] = Character.toTitleCase(ch);
                  capitalizeNext = false;
              }
          }
          return new String(buffer);
      }
  
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      /**
       * <p>Converts all the whitespace separated words in a String into capitalized words, 
       * that is each word is made up of a titlecase character and then a series of 
       * lowercase characters.  </p>
       *
       * <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
       * A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
       * Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
       * upper case.</p>
       *
       * <pre>
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully(null)        = null
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully("")          = ""
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully("i am FINE") = "I Am Fine"
       * </pre>
       * 
       * @param str  the String to capitalize, may be null
       * @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
       */
      public static String capitalizeFully(String str) {
          return capitalizeFully(str, null);
      }
  
      /**
       * <p>Converts all the delimiter separated words in a String into capitalized words, 
       * that is each word is made up of a titlecase character and then a series of 
       * lowercase characters. </p>
       *
       * <p>The delimiters represent a set of characters understood to separate words.
       * The first string character and the first non-delimiter character after a
       * delimiter will be capitalized. </p>
       *
       * <p>A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
       * Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
       * upper case.</p>
       *
       * <pre>
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully(null, *)            = null
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully("", *)              = ""
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully(*, null)            = *
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully(*, new char[0])     = *
       * WordUtils.capitalizeFully("i aM.fine", {'.'}) = "I am.Fine"
       * </pre>
       * 
       * @param str  the String to capitalize, may be null
       * @param delimiters  set of characters to determine capitalization, null means whitespace
       * @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
       * @since 2.1
       */
      public static String capitalizeFully(String str, char... delimiters) {
          int delimLen = delimiters == null ? -1 : delimiters.length;
          if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || delimLen == 0) {
              return str;
          }
  