gt:         Object o = opt(index);
context: package routines.system;
  
  /*
   * Copyright (c) 2002 JSON.org
   * 
   * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
   * documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
   * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
   * 
   * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
   * Software.
   * 
   * The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil.
   * 
   * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
   * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
   * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
   * OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
   */
  
  import java.io.BufferedReader;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.Reader;
  import java.io.StringReader;
  import java.io.Writer;
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.TreeSet;
  
  /**
   * A JSONObject is an unordered collection of name/value pairs. Its external form is a string wrapped in curly braces
   * with colons between the names and values, and commas between the values and names. The internal form is an object
   * having <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods for accessing the values by name, and <code>put</code> methods
   * for adding or replacing values by name. The values can be any of these types: <code>Boolean</code>,
   * <code>JSONArray</code>, <code>JSONObject</code>, <code>Number</code>, <code>String</code>, or the
   * <code>JSONObject.NULL</code> object. A JSONObject constructor can be used to convert an external form JSON text into
   * an internal form whose values can be retrieved with the <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods, or to convert
   * values into a JSON text using the <code>put</code> and <code>toString</code> methods. A <code>get</code> method
   * returns a value if one can be found, and throws an exception if one cannot be found. An <code>opt</code> method
   * returns a default value instead of throwing an exception, and so is useful for obtaining optional values.
   * <p>
   * The generic <code>get()</code> and <code>opt()</code> methods return an object, which you can cast or query for type.
   * There are also typed <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods that do type checking and type coercion for you.
   * <p>
   * The <code>put</code> methods adds values to an object. For example,
   * 
   * <pre>
   * myString = new JSONObject().put(&quot;JSON&quot;, &quot;Hello, World!&quot;).toString();
   * </pre>
   * 
   * produces the string <code>{"JSON": "Hello, World"}</code>.
   * <p>
   * The texts produced by the <code>toString</code> methods strictly conform to the JSON syntax rules. The constructors
   * are more forgiving in the texts they will accept:
   * <ul>
   * <li>An extra <code>,</code>&nbsp;<small>(comma)</small> may appear just before the closing brace.</li>
   * <li>Strings may be quoted with <code>'</code>&nbsp;<small>(single quote)</small>.</li>
   * <li>Strings do not need to be quoted at all if they do not begin with a quote or single quote, and if they do not
   * contain leading or trailing spaces, and if they do not contain any of these characters:
   * <code>{ } [ ] / \ : , = ; #</code> and if they do not look like numbers and if they are not the reserved words
   * <code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, or <code>null</code>.</li>
   * <li>Keys can be followed by <code>=</code> or <code>=></code> as well as by <code>:</code>.</li>
   * <li>Values can be followed by <code>;</code> <small>(semicolon)</small> as well as by <code>,</code>
   * <small>(comma)</small>.</li>
   * <li>Numbers may have the <code>0-</code> <small>(octal)</small> or <code>0x-</code> <small>(hex)</small> prefix.</li>
   * </ul>
   * 
   * @author JSON.org
   * @version 2010-01-05
   */
  public class JSONObject {
  
      /**
       * JSONObject.NULL is equivalent to the value that JavaScript calls null, whilst Java's null is equivalent to the
       * value that JavaScript calls undefined.
       */
      private static final class Null {
  
          /**
           * There is only intended to be a single instance of the NULL object, so the clone method returns itself.
           * 
           * @return NULL.
           */
          protected final Object clone() {
              return this;
          }
  
          /**
           * A Null object is equal to the null value and to itself.
           * 
           * @param object An object to test for nullness.
           * @return true if the object parameter is the JSONObject.NULL object or null.
           */
          public boolean equals(Object object) {
              return object == null || object == this;
          }
  
          /**
           * Get the "null" string value.
           * 
           * @return The string "null".
           */
          public String toString() {
              return "null";
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * The map where the JSONObject's properties are kept.
       */
      private Map map;
  
      /**
       * It is sometimes more convenient and less ambiguous to have a <code>NULL</code> object than to use Java's
       * <code>null</code> value. <code>JSONObject.NULL.equals(null)</code> returns <code>true</code>.
       * <code>JSONObject.NULL.toString()</code> returns <code>"null"</code>.
       */
      public static final Object NULL = new Null();
  
      /**
       * Construct an empty JSONObject.
       */
      public JSONObject() {
          this.map = new HashMap();
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a subset of another JSONObject. An array of strings is used to identify the keys that
       * should be copied. Missing keys are ignored.
       * 
       * @param jo A JSONObject.
       * @param names An array of strings.
       * @throws JSONException
       * @exception JSONException If a value is a non-finite number or if a name is duplicated.
       */
      public JSONObject(JSONObject jo, String[] names) {
          this();
          for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i += 1) {
              try {
                  putOnce(names[i], jo.opt(names[i]));
              } catch (Exception ignore) {
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a JSONTokener.
       * 
       * @param x A JSONTokener object containing the source string.
       * @throws JSONException If there is a syntax error in the source string or a duplicated key.
       */
      public JSONObject(JSONTokener x) throws JSONException {
          this();
          char c;
          String key;
  
          if (x.nextClean() != '{') {
              throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must begin with '{'");
          }
          for (;;) {
              c = x.nextClean();
              switch (c) {
              case 0:
                  throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must end with '}'");
              case '}':
                  return;
              default:
                  x.back();
                  key = x.nextValue().toString();
              }
  
              /*
               * The key is followed by ':'. We will also tolerate '=' or '=>'.
               */
  
              c = x.nextClean();
              if (c == '=') {
                  if (x.next() != '>') {
                      x.back();
                  }
              } else if (c != ':') {
                  throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ':' after a key");
              }
              putOnce(key, x.nextValue());
  
              /*
               * Pairs are separated by ','. We will also tolerate ';'.
               */
  
              switch (x.nextClean()) {
              case ';':
              case ',':
                  if (x.nextClean() == '}') {
                      return;
                  }
                  x.back();
                  break;
              case '}':
                  return;
              default:
                  throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ',' or '}'");
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a Map.
       * 
       * @param map A map object that can be used to initialize the contents of the JSONObject.
       * @throws JSONException
       */
      public JSONObject(Map map) {
          this.map = new HashMap();
          if (map != null) {
              Iterator i = map.entrySet().iterator();
              while (i.hasNext()) {
                  Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) i.next();
                  this.map.put(e.getKey(), wrap(e.getValue()));
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from an Object using bean getters. It reflects on all of the public methods of the object.
       * For each of the methods with no parameters and a name starting with <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code>
       * followed by an uppercase letter, the method is invoked, and a key and the value returned from the getter method
       * are put into the new JSONObject.
       * 
       * The key is formed by removing the <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code> prefix. If the second remaining
       * character is not upper case, then the first character is converted to lower case.
       * 
       * For example, if an object has a method named <code>"getName"</code>, and if the result of calling
       * <code>object.getName()</code> is <code>"Larry Fine"</code>, then the JSONObject will contain
       * <code>"name": "Larry Fine"</code>.
       * 
       * @param bean An object that has getter methods that should be used to make a JSONObject.
       */
      public JSONObject(Object bean) {
          this();
          populateMap(bean);
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from an Object, using reflection to find the public members. The resulting JSONObject's
       * keys will be the strings from the names array, and the values will be the field values associated with those keys
       * in the object. If a key is not found or not visible, then it will not be copied into the new JSONObject.
       * 
       * @param object An object that has fields that should be used to make a JSONObject.
       * @param names An array of strings, the names of the fields to be obtained from the object.
       */
      public JSONObject(Object object, String names[]) {
          this();
          Class c = object.getClass();
          for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i += 1) {
              String name = names[i];
              try {
                  putOpt(name, c.getField(name).get(object));
              } catch (Exception ignore) {
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONObject from a source JSON text string. This is the most commonly used JSONObject constructor.
       * 
       * @param source A string beginning with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with
       * <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
       * @exception JSONException If there is a syntax error in the source string or a duplicated key.
       */
      public JSONObject(String source) throws JSONException {
          this(new JSONTokener(source));
      }
  
      /**
       * Accumulate values under a key. It is similar to the put method except that if there is already an object stored
       * under the key then a JSONArray is stored under the key to hold all of the accumulated values. If there is already
       * a JSONArray, then the new value is appended to it. In contrast, the put method replaces the previous value.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value An object to be accumulated under the key.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the value is an invalid number or if the key is null.
       */
      public JSONObject accumulate(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
          testValidity(value);
          Object o = opt(key);
          if (o == null) {
              put(key, value instanceof JSONArray ? new JSONArray().put(value) : value);
          } else if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
              ((JSONArray) o).put(value);
          } else {
              put(key, new JSONArray().put(o).put(value));
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Append values to the array under a key. If the key does not exist in the JSONObject, then the key is put in the
       * JSONObject with its value being a JSONArray containing the value parameter. If the key was already associated
       * with a JSONArray, then the value parameter is appended to it.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value An object to be accumulated under the key.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is null or if the current value associated with the key is not a JSONArray.
       */
      public JSONObject append(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
          testValidity(value);
          Object o = opt(key);
          if (o == null) {
              put(key, new JSONArray().put(value));
          } else if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
              put(key, ((JSONArray) o).put(value));
          } else {
              throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + key + "] is not a JSONArray.");
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a string from a double. The string "null" will be returned if the number is not finite.
       * 
       * @param d A double.
       * @return A String.
       */
      static public String doubleToString(double d) {
          if (Double.isInfinite(d) || Double.isNaN(d)) {
              return "null";
          }
  
          // Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
  
          String s = Double.toString(d);
          if (s.indexOf('.') > 0 && s.indexOf('e') < 0 && s.indexOf('E') < 0) {
              while (s.endsWith("0")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
              if (s.endsWith(".")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
          }
          return s;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the value object associated with a key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return The object associated with the key.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found.
       */
      public Object get(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object o = opt(key);
          if (o == null) {
              throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] not found.");
          }
          return o;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the boolean value associated with a key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return The truth.
       * @throws JSONException if the value is not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false".
       */
      public boolean getBoolean(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(key);
          if (o.equals(Boolean.FALSE) || (o instanceof String && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase("false"))) {
              return false;
          } else if (o.equals(Boolean.TRUE) || (o instanceof String && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase("true"))) {
              return true;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a Boolean.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the double value associated with a key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return The numeric value.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value is not a Number object and cannot be converted to a
       * number.
       */
      public double getDouble(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(key);
          try {
              return o instanceof Number ? ((Number) o).doubleValue() : Double.valueOf((String) o).doubleValue();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a number.");
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the int value associated with a key. If the number value is too large for an int, it will be clipped.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return The integer value.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to an integer.
       */
      public int getInt(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(key);
          return o instanceof Number ? ((Number) o).intValue() : (int) getDouble(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the JSONArray value associated with a key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return A JSONArray which is the value.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value is not a JSONArray.
       */
      public JSONArray getJSONArray(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(key);
          if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
              return (JSONArray) o;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a JSONArray.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the JSONObject value associated with a key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return A JSONObject which is the value.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value is not a JSONObject.
       */
      public JSONObject getJSONObject(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(key);
          if (o instanceof JSONObject) {
              return (JSONObject) o;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONObject[" + quote(key) + "] is not a JSONObject.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the long value associated with a key. If the number value is too long for a long, it will be clipped.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return The long value.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to a long.
       */
      public long getLong(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(key);
          return o instanceof Number ? ((Number) o).longValue() : (long) getDouble(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an array of field names from a JSONObject.
       * 
       * @return An array of field names, or null if there are no names.
       */
      public static String[] getNames(JSONObject jo) {
          int length = jo.length();
          if (length == 0) {
              return null;
          }
          Iterator i = jo.keys();
          String[] names = new String[length];
          int j = 0;
          while (i.hasNext()) {
              names[j] = (String) i.next();
              j += 1;
          }
          return names;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an array of field names from an Object.
       * 
       * @return An array of field names, or null if there are no names.
       */
      public static String[] getNames(Object object) {
          if (object == null) {
              return null;
          }
          Class klass = object.getClass();
          Field[] fields = klass.getFields();
          int length = fields.length;
          if (length == 0) {
              return null;
          }
          String[] names = new String[length];
          for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
              names[i] = fields[i].getName();
          }
          return names;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the string associated with a key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return A string which is the value.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is not found.
       */
      public String getString(String key) throws JSONException {
          return get(key).toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Determine if the JSONObject contains a specific key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return true if the key exists in the JSONObject.
       */
      public boolean has(String key) {
          return this.map.containsKey(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Increment a property of a JSONObject. If there is no such property, create one with a value of 1. If there is
       * such a property, and if it is an Integer, Long, Double, or Float, then add one to it.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If there is already a property with this name that is not an Integer, Long, Double, or
       * Float.
       */
      public JSONObject increment(String key) throws JSONException {
          Object value = opt(key);
          if (value == null) {
              put(key, 1);
          } else {
              if (value instanceof Integer) {
                  put(key, ((Integer) value).intValue() + 1);
              } else if (value instanceof Long) {
                  put(key, ((Long) value).longValue() + 1);
              } else if (value instanceof Double) {
                  put(key, ((Double) value).doubleValue() + 1);
              } else if (value instanceof Float) {
                  put(key, ((Float) value).floatValue() + 1);
              } else {
                  throw new JSONException("Unable to increment [" + key + "].");
              }
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Determine if the value associated with the key is null or if there is no value.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return true if there is no value associated with the key or if the value is the JSONObject.NULL object.
       */
      public boolean isNull(String key) {
          return JSONObject.NULL.equals(opt(key));
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.
       * 
       * @return An iterator of the keys.
       */
      public Iterator keys() {
          return this.map.keySet().iterator();
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the number of keys stored in the JSONObject.
       * 
       * @return The number of keys in the JSONObject.
       */
      public int length() {
          return this.map.size();
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a JSONArray containing the names of the elements of this JSONObject.
       * 
       * @return A JSONArray containing the key strings, or null if the JSONObject is empty.
       */
      public JSONArray names() {
          JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
          Iterator keys = keys();
          while (keys.hasNext()) {
              ja.put(keys.next());
          }
          return ja.length() == 0 ? null : ja;
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a string from a Number.
       * 
       * @param n A Number
       * @return A String.
       * @throws JSONException If n is a non-finite number.
       */
      static public String numberToString(Number n) throws JSONException {
          if (n == null) {
              throw new JSONException("Null pointer");
          }
          testValidity(n);
  
          // Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
  
          String s = n.toString();
          if (s.indexOf('.') > 0 && s.indexOf('e') < 0 && s.indexOf('E') < 0) {
              while (s.endsWith("0")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
              if (s.endsWith(".")) {
                  s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
              }
          }
          return s;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional value associated with a key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return An object which is the value, or null if there is no value.
       */
      public Object opt(String key) {
          return key == null ? null : this.map.get(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional boolean associated with a key. It returns false if there is no such key, or if the value is not
       * Boolean.TRUE or the String "true".
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return The truth.
       */
      public boolean optBoolean(String key) {
          return optBoolean(key, false);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional boolean associated with a key. It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key, or if it is
       * not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false" (case insensitive).
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param defaultValue The default.
       * @return The truth.
       */
      public boolean optBoolean(String key, boolean defaultValue) {
          try {
              return getBoolean(key);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional double associated with a key, or NaN if there is no such key or if its value is not a number. If
       * the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
       * 
       * @param key A string which is the key.
       * @return An object which is the value.
       */
      public double optDouble(String key) {
          return optDouble(key, Double.NaN);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional double associated with a key, or the defaultValue if there is no such key or if its value is not
       * a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param defaultValue The default.
       * @return An object which is the value.
       */
      public double optDouble(String key, double defaultValue) {
          try {
              Object o = opt(key);
              return o instanceof Number ? ((Number) o).doubleValue() : new Double((String) o).doubleValue();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional int value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
       * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return An object which is the value.
       */
      public int optInt(String key) {
          return optInt(key, 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional int value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a
       * number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param defaultValue The default.
       * @return An object which is the value.
       */
      public int optInt(String key, int defaultValue) {
          try {
              return getInt(key);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional JSONArray associated with a key. It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not
       * a JSONArray.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return A JSONArray which is the value.
       */
      public JSONArray optJSONArray(String key) {
          Object o = opt(key);
          return o instanceof JSONArray ? (JSONArray) o : null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional JSONObject associated with a key. It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not
       * a JSONObject.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return A JSONObject which is the value.
       */
      public JSONObject optJSONObject(String key) {
          Object o = opt(key);
          return o instanceof JSONObject ? (JSONObject) o : null;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional long value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a
       * number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return An object which is the value.
       */
      public long optLong(String key) {
          return optLong(key, 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional long value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a
       * number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param defaultValue The default.
       * @return An object which is the value.
       */
      public long optLong(String key, long defaultValue) {
          try {
              return getLong(key);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional string associated with a key. It returns an empty string if there is no such key. If the value is
       * not a string and is not null, then it is coverted to a string.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @return A string which is the value.
       */
      public String optString(String key) {
          return optString(key, "");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an optional string associated with a key. It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param defaultValue The default.
       * @return A string which is the value.
       */
      public String optString(String key, String defaultValue) {
          Object o = opt(key);
          return o != null ? o.toString() : defaultValue;
      }
  
      private void populateMap(Object bean) {
          Class klass = bean.getClass();
  
          // If klass is a System class then set includeSuperClass to false.
  
          boolean includeSuperClass = klass.getClassLoader() != null;
  
          Method[] methods = (includeSuperClass) ? klass.getMethods() : klass.getDeclaredMethods();
          
          Field[] fields = (includeSuperClass) ? klass.getFields() : klass.getDeclaredFields();
          Set<String> fieldNames = new HashSet<String>(); 
          for(Field field : fields) {
          	fieldNames.add(field.getName());
          }
          
          for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i += 1) {
              try {
                  Method method = methods[i];
                  if (Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
                      String name = method.getName();
                      String key = "";
                      if (name.startsWith("get")) {
                          if (name.equals("getClass") || name.equals("getDeclaringClass")) {
                              key = "";
                          } else {
                              key = name.substring(3);
                          }
                      }
                      // modified by wyang: remove the "isEmpty" case in HashMap
                      // else if (name.startsWith("is")) {
                      // key = name.substring(2);
                      // }
                      if (key.length() > 0 && Character.isUpperCase(key.charAt(0)) && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
                          if(!fieldNames.contains(key)) {
                          	key = Character.toLowerCase(key.charAt(0)) + key.substring(1);
                          }
  
                          Object result = method.invoke(bean, (Object[]) null);
  
                          map.put(key, wrap(result));
                      }
                  }
              } catch (Exception ignore) {
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/boolean pair in the JSONObject.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value A boolean which is the value.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, boolean value) throws JSONException {
          put(key, value ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONArray which is produced from a Collection.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value A Collection value.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, Collection value) throws JSONException {
          put(key, new JSONArray(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/double pair in the JSONObject.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value A double which is the value.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is null or if the number is invalid.
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, double value) throws JSONException {
          put(key, new Double(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/int pair in the JSONObject.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value An int which is the value.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, int value) throws JSONException {
          put(key, new Integer(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/long pair in the JSONObject.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value A long which is the value.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, long value) throws JSONException {
          put(key, new Long(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONObject which is produced from a Map.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value A Map value.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, Map value) throws JSONException {
          put(key, new JSONObject(value));
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject. If the value is null, then the key will be removed from the JSONObject if
       * it is present.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value An object which is the value. It should be of one of these types: Boolean, Double, Integer,
       * JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the value is non-finite number or if the key is null.
       */
      public JSONObject put(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
          if (key == null) {
              throw new JSONException("Null key.");
          }
          if (value != null) {
              testValidity(value);
              this.map.put(key, value);
          } else {
              remove(key);
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the key and the value are both non-null, and only if there is
       * not already a member with that name.
       * 
       * @param key
       * @param value
       * @return his.
       * @throws JSONException if the key is a duplicate
       */
      public JSONObject putOnce(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
          if (key != null && value != null) {
              if (opt(key) != null) {
                  throw new JSONException("Duplicate key \"" + key + "\"");
              }
              put(key, value);
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the key and the value are both non-null.
       * 
       * @param key A key string.
       * @param value An object which is the value. It should be of one of these types: Boolean, Double, Integer,
       * JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
       * @return this.
       * @throws JSONException If the value is a non-finite number.
       */
      public JSONObject putOpt(String key, Object value) throws JSONException {
          if (key != null && value != null) {
              put(key, value);
          }
          return this;
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a string in double quotes with backslash sequences in all the right places. A backslash will be inserted
       * within </, allowing JSON text to be delivered in HTML. In JSON text, a string cannot contain a control character
       * or an unescaped quote or backslash.
       * 
       * @param string A String
       * @return A String correctly formatted for insertion in a JSON text.
       */
      public static String quote(String string) {
          if (string == null || string.length() == 0) {
              return "\"\"";
          }
  
          char b;
          char c = 0;
          int i;
          int len = string.length();
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(len + 4);
          String t;
  
          sb.append('"');
          for (i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
              b = c;
              c = string.charAt(i);
              switch (c) {
              case '\\':
              case '"':
                  sb.append('\\');
                  sb.append(c);
                  break;
              case '/':
                  if (b == '<') {
                      sb.append('\\');
                  }
                  sb.append(c);
                  break;
              case '\b':
                  sb.append("\\b");
                  break;
              case '\t':
                  sb.append("\\t");
                  break;
              case '\n':
                  sb.append("\\n");
                  break;
              case '\f':
                  sb.append("\\f");
                  break;
              case '\r':
                  sb.append("\\r");
                  break;
              default:
                  if (c < ' ' || (c >= '\u0080' && c < '\u00a0') || (c >= '\u2000' && c < '\u2100')) {
                      t = "000" + Integer.toHexString(c);
                      sb.append("\\u" + t.substring(t.length() - 4));
                  } else {
                      sb.append(c);
                  }
              }
          }
          sb.append('"');
          return sb.toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Remove a name and its value, if present.
       * 
       * @param key The name to be removed.
       * @return The value that was associated with the name, or null if there was no value.
       */
      public Object remove(String key) {
          return this.map.remove(key);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject. The keys will be sorted alphabetically.
       * 
       * @return An iterator of the keys.
       */
      public Iterator sortedKeys() {
          return new TreeSet(this.map.keySet()).iterator();
      }
  
      /**
       * Try to convert a string into a number, boolean, or null. If the string can't be converted, return the string.
       * 
       * @param s A String.
       * @return A simple JSON value.
       */
      static public Object stringToValue(String s) {
          if (s.equals("")) {
              return s;
          }
          if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
              return Boolean.TRUE;
          }
          if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
              return Boolean.FALSE;
          }
          if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("null")) {
              return JSONObject.NULL;
          }
  
          /*
           * If it might be a number, try converting it. We support the non-standard 0x- convention. If a number cannot be
           * produced, then the value will just be a string. Note that the 0x-, plus, and implied string conventions are
           * non-standard. A JSON parser may accept non-JSON forms as long as it accepts all correct JSON forms.
           */
  
          char b = s.charAt(0);
          if ((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '.' || b == '-' || b == '+') {
              if (b == '0' && s.length() > 2 && (s.charAt(1) == 'x' || s.charAt(1) == 'X')) {
                  try {
                      return new Integer(Integer.parseInt(s.substring(2), 16));
                  } catch (Exception ignore) {
                  }
              }
              try {
                  if (s.indexOf('.') > -1 || s.indexOf('e') > -1 || s.indexOf('E') > -1) {
                      return Double.valueOf(s);
                  } else {
                      Long myLong = new Long(s);
                      if (myLong.longValue() == myLong.intValue()) {
                          return new Integer(myLong.intValue());
                      } else {
                          return myLong;
                      }
                  }
              } catch (Exception ignore) {
              }
          }
          return s;
      }
  
      /**
       * Throw an exception if the object is an NaN or infinite number.
       * 
       * @param o The object to test.
       * @throws JSONException If o is a non-finite number.
       */
      static void testValidity(Object o) throws JSONException {
          if (o != null) {
              if (o instanceof Double) {
                  if (((Double) o).isInfinite() || ((Double) o).isNaN()) {
                      throw new JSONException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
                  }
              } else if (o instanceof Float) {
                  if (((Float) o).isInfinite() || ((Float) o).isNaN()) {
                      throw new JSONException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Produce a JSONArray containing the values of the members of this JSONObject.
       * 
       * @param names A JSONArray containing a list of key strings. This determines the sequence of the values in the
       * result.
       * @return A JSONArray of values.
       * @throws JSONException If any of the values are non-finite numbers.
       */
      public JSONArray toJSONArray(JSONArray names) throws JSONException {
          if (names == null || names.length() == 0) {
              return null;
          }
          JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
          for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); i += 1) {
              ja.put(this.opt(names.getString(i)));
          }
          return ja;
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a JSON text of this JSONObject. For compactness, no whitespace is added. If this would not result in a
       * syntactically correct JSON text, then null will be returned instead.
       * <p>
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
       * 
       * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with
       * <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
       */
      public String toString() {
          try {
              Iterator keys = keys();
              StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
  
              while (keys.hasNext()) {
                  if (sb.length() > 1) {
                      sb.append(',');
                  }
                  Object o = keys.next();
                  sb.append(quote(o.toString()));
                  sb.append(':');
                  sb.append(valueToString(this.map.get(o)));
              }
              sb.append('}');
              return sb.toString();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return null;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
       * <p>
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
       * 
       * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of indentation.
       * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with
       * <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
       * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
       */
      public String toString(int indentFactor) throws JSONException {
          return toString(indentFactor, 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
       * <p>
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
       * 
       * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of indentation.
       * @param indent The indentation of the top level.
       * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with <code>{</code>
       * &nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
       * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
       */
      String toString(int indentFactor, int indent) throws JSONException {
          int j;
          int n = length();
          if (n == 0) {
              return "{}";
          }
          Iterator keys = sortedKeys();
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
          int newindent = indent + indentFactor;
          Object o;
          if (n == 1) {
              o = keys.next();
              sb.append(quote(o.toString()));
              sb.append(": ");
              sb.append(valueToString(this.map.get(o), indentFactor, indent));
          } else {
              while (keys.hasNext()) {
                  o = keys.next();
                  if (sb.length() > 1) {
                      sb.append(",\n");
                  } else {
                      sb.append('\n');
                  }
                  for (j = 0; j < newindent; j += 1) {
                      sb.append(' ');
                  }
                  sb.append(quote(o.toString()));
                  sb.append(": ");
                  sb.append(valueToString(this.map.get(o), indentFactor, newindent));
              }
              if (sb.length() > 1) {
                  sb.append('\n');
                  for (j = 0; j < indent; j += 1) {
                      sb.append(' ');
                  }
              }
          }
          sb.append('}');
          return sb.toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a JSON text of an Object value. If the object has an value.toJSONString() method, then that method will be
       * used to produce the JSON text. The method is required to produce a strictly conforming text. If the object does
       * not contain a toJSONString method (which is the most common case), then a text will be produced by other means.
       * If the value is an array or Collection, then a JSONArray will be made from it and its toJSONString method will be
       * called. If the value is a MAP, then a JSONObject will be made from it and its toJSONString method will be called.
       * Otherwise, the value's toString method will be called, and the result will be quoted.
       * 
       * <p>
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
       * 
       * @param value The value to be serialized.
       * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with <code>{</code>
       * &nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
       * @throws JSONException If the value is or contains an invalid number.
       */
      static String valueToString(Object value) throws JSONException {
          if (value == null || value.equals(null)) {
              return "null";
          }
          if (value instanceof JSONString) {
              Object o;
              try {
                  o = ((JSONString) value).toJSONString();
              } catch (Exception e) {
                  throw new JSONException(e);
              }
              if (o instanceof String) {
                  return (String) o;
              }
              throw new JSONException("Bad value from toJSONString: " + o);
          }
          if (value instanceof Number) {
              return numberToString((Number) value);
          }
          if (value instanceof Boolean || value instanceof JSONObject || value instanceof JSONArray) {
              return value.toString();
          }
          if (value instanceof Map) {
              return new JSONObject((Map) value).toString();
          }
          if (value instanceof Collection) {
              return new JSONArray((Collection) value).toString();
          }
          if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
              return new JSONArray(value).toString();
          }
          return quote(value.toString());
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of an object value.
       * <p>
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
       * 
       * @param value The value to be serialized.
       * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of indentation.
       * @param indent The indentation of the top level.
       * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with <code>{</code>
       * &nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
       * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
       */
      static String valueToString(Object value, int indentFactor, int indent) throws JSONException {
          if (value == null || value.equals(null)) {
              return "null";
          }
          try {
              if (value instanceof JSONString) {
                  Object o = ((JSONString) value).toJSONString();
                  if (o instanceof String) {
                      return (String) o;
                  }
              }
          } catch (Exception ignore) {
          }
          if (value instanceof Number) {
              return numberToString((Number) value);
          }
          if (value instanceof Boolean) {
              return value.toString();
          }
          if (value instanceof JSONObject) {
              return ((JSONObject) value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value instanceof JSONArray) {
              return ((JSONArray) value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value instanceof Map) {
              return new JSONObject((Map) value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value instanceof Collection) {
              return new JSONArray((Collection) value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
              return new JSONArray(value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
          }
          return quote(value.toString());
      }
  
      /**
       * Wrap an object, if necessary. If the object is null, return the NULL object. If it is an array or collection,
       * wrap it in a JSONArray. If it is a map, wrap it in a JSONObject. If it is a standard property (Double, String, et
       * al) then it is already wrapped. Otherwise, if it comes from one of the java packages, turn it into a string. And
       * if it doesn't, try to wrap it in a JSONObject. If the wrapping fails, then null is returned.
       * 
       * @param object The object to wrap
       * @return The wrapped value
       */
      static Object wrap(Object object) {
          try {
              if (object == null ) {
                  return NULL;
              }
              if (object instanceof routines.system.Document || object instanceof JSONObject || object instanceof JSONArray || object instanceof Byte
                      || object instanceof Character || object instanceof Short || object instanceof Integer
                      || object instanceof Long || object instanceof Boolean || object instanceof Float || object instanceof Double
                      || object instanceof String || NULL.equals(object)) {
                  return object;
              }
  
              if (object instanceof Collection) {
                  return new JSONArray((Collection) object);
              }
              if (object.getClass().isArray()) {
                  return new JSONArray(object);
              }
              if (object instanceof Map) {
                  return new JSONObject((Map) object);
              }
              Package objectPackage = object.getClass().getPackage();
              String objectPackageName = (objectPackage != null ? objectPackage.getName() : "");
              if (objectPackageName.startsWith("java.") || objectPackageName.startsWith("javax.")
                      || object.getClass().getClassLoader() == null) {
                  return object.toString();
              }
              return new JSONObject(object);
          } catch (Exception exception) {
              return null;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Write the contents of the JSONObject as JSON text to a writer. For compactness, no whitespace is added.
       * <p>
       * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
       * 
       * @return The writer.
       * @throws JSONException
       */
      public Writer write(Writer writer) throws JSONException {
          try {
              boolean b = false;
              Iterator keys = keys();
              writer.write('{');
  
              while (keys.hasNext()) {
                  if (b) {
                      writer.write(',');
                  }
                  Object k = keys.next();
                  writer.write(quote(k.toString()));
                  writer.write(':');
                  Object v = this.map.get(k);
                  if (v instanceof JSONObject) {
                      ((JSONObject) v).write(writer);
                  } else if (v instanceof JSONArray) {
                      ((JSONArray) v).write(writer);
                  } else {
                      writer.write(valueToString(v));
                  }
                  b = true;
              }
              writer.write('}');
              return writer;
          } catch (IOException exception) {
              throw new JSONException(exception);
          }
      }
  }
  
  /**
   * A JSONTokener takes a source string and extracts characters and tokens from it. It is used by the JSONObject and
   * JSONArray constructors to parse JSON source strings.
   * 
   * @author JSON.org
   * @version 2010-02-02
   */
  class JSONTokener {
  
      private int character;
  
      private boolean eof;
  
      private int index;
  
      private int line;
  
      private char previous;
  
      private Reader reader;
  
      private boolean usePrevious;
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONTokener from a reader.
       * 
       * @param reader A reader.
       */
      public JSONTokener(Reader reader) {
          this.reader = reader.markSupported() ? reader : new BufferedReader(reader);
          this.eof = false;
          this.usePrevious = false;
          this.previous = 0;
          this.index = 0;
          this.character = 1;
          this.line = 1;
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONTokener from a string.
       * 
       * @param s A source string.
       */
      public JSONTokener(String s) {
          this(new StringReader(s));
      }
  
      /**
       * Back up one character. This provides a sort of lookahead capability, so that you can test for a digit or letter
       * before attempting to parse the next number or identifier.
       */
      public void back() throws JSONException {
          if (usePrevious || index <= 0) {
              throw new JSONException("Stepping back two steps is not supported");
          }
          this.index -= 1;
          this.character -= 1;
          this.usePrevious = true;
          this.eof = false;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the hex value of a character (base16).
       * 
       * @param c A character between '0' and '9' or between 'A' and 'F' or between 'a' and 'f'.
       * @return An int between 0 and 15, or -1 if c was not a hex digit.
       */
      public static int dehexchar(char c) {
          if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
              return c - '0';
          }
          if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
              return c - ('A' - 10);
          }
          if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
              return c - ('a' - 10);
          }
          return -1;
      }
  
      public boolean end() {
          return eof && !usePrevious;
      }
  
      /**
       * Determine if the source string still contains characters that next() can consume.
       * 
       * @return true if not yet at the end of the source.
       */
      public boolean more() throws JSONException {
          next();
          if (end()) {
              return false;
          }
          back();
          return true;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the next character in the source string.
       * 
       * @return The next character, or 0 if past the end of the source string.
       */
      public char next() throws JSONException {
          int c;
          if (this.usePrevious) {
              this.usePrevious = false;
              c = this.previous;
          } else {
              try {
                  c = this.reader.read();
              } catch (IOException exception) {
                  throw new JSONException(exception);
              }
  
              if (c <= 0) { // End of stream
                  this.eof = true;
                  c = 0;
              }
          }
          this.index += 1;
          if (this.previous == '\r') {
              this.line += 1;
              this.character = c == '\n' ? 0 : 1;
          } else if (c == '\n') {
              this.line += 1;
              this.character = 0;
          } else {
              this.character += 1;
          }
          this.previous = (char) c;
          return this.previous;
      }
  
      /**
       * Consume the next character, and check that it matches a specified character.
       * 
       * @param c The character to match.
       * @return The character.
       * @throws JSONException if the character does not match.
       */
      public char next(char c) throws JSONException {
          char n = next();
          if (n != c) {
              throw syntaxError("Expected '" + c + "' and instead saw '" + n + "'");
          }
          return n;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the next n characters.
       * 
       * @param n The number of characters to take.
       * @return A string of n characters.
       * @throws JSONException Substring bounds error if there are not n characters remaining in the source string.
       */
      public String next(int n) throws JSONException {
          if (n == 0) {
              return "";
          }
  
          char[] buffer = new char[n];
          int pos = 0;
  
          while (pos < n) {
              buffer[pos] = next();
              if (end()) {
                  throw syntaxError("Substring bounds error");
              }
              pos += 1;
          }
          return new String(buffer);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the next char in the string, skipping whitespace.
       * 
       * @throws JSONException
       * @return A character, or 0 if there are no more characters.
       */
      public char nextClean() throws JSONException {
          for (;;) {
              char c = next();
              if (c == 0 || c > ' ') {
                  return c;
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Return the characters up to the next close quote character. Backslash processing is done. The formal JSON format
       * does not allow strings in single quotes, but an implementation is allowed to accept them.
       * 
       * @param quote The quoting character, either <code>"</code>&nbsp;<small>(double quote)</small> or <code>'</code>
       * &nbsp;<small>(single quote)</small>.
       * @return A String.
       * @throws JSONException Unterminated string.
       */
      public String nextString(char quote) throws JSONException {
          char c;
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
          for (;;) {
              c = next();
              switch (c) {
              case 0:
              case '\n':
              case '\r':
                  throw syntaxError("Unterminated string");
              case '\\':
                  c = next();
                  switch (c) {
                  case 'b':
                      sb.append('\b');
                      break;
                  case 't':
                      sb.append('\t');
                      break;
                  case 'n':
                      sb.append('\n');
                      break;
                  case 'f':
                      sb.append('\f');
                      break;
                  case 'r':
                      sb.append('\r');
                      break;
                  case 'u':
                      sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(next(4), 16));
                      break;
                  case '"':
                  case '\'':
                  case '\\':
                  case '/':
                      sb.append(c);
                      break;
                  default:
                      throw syntaxError("Illegal escape.");
                  }
                  break;
              default:
                  if (c == quote) {
                      return sb.toString();
                  }
                  sb.append(c);
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the text up but not including the specified character or the end of line, whichever comes first.
       * 
       * @param d A delimiter character.
       * @return A string.
       */
      public String nextTo(char d) throws JSONException {
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
          for (;;) {
              char c = next();
              if (c == d || c == 0 || c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
                  if (c != 0) {
                      back();
                  }
                  return sb.toString().trim();
              }
              sb.append(c);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the text up but not including one of the specified delimiter characters or the end of line, whichever comes
       * first.
       * 
       * @param delimiters A set of delimiter characters.
       * @return A string, trimmed.
       */
      public String nextTo(String delimiters) throws JSONException {
          char c;
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
          for (;;) {
              c = next();
              if (delimiters.indexOf(c) >= 0 || c == 0 || c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
                  if (c != 0) {
                      back();
                  }
                  return sb.toString().trim();
              }
              sb.append(c);
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the next value. The value can be a Boolean, Double, Integer, JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, or String, or the
       * JSONObject.NULL object.
       * 
       * @throws JSONException If syntax error.
       * 
       * @return An object.
       */
      public Object nextValue() throws JSONException {
          char c = nextClean();
          String s;
  
          switch (c) {
          case '"':
          case '\'':
              return nextString(c);
          case '{':
              back();
              return new JSONObject(this);
          case '[':
          case '(':
              back();
              return new JSONArray(this);
          }
  
          /*
           * Handle unquoted text. This could be the values true, false, or null, or it can be a number. An implementation
           * (such as this one) is allowed to also accept non-standard forms.
           * 
           * Accumulate characters until we reach the end of the text or a formatting character.
           */
  
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
          while (c >= ' ' && ",:]}/\\\"[{;=#".indexOf(c) < 0) {
              sb.append(c);
              c = next();
          }
          back();
  
          s = sb.toString().trim();
          if (s.equals("")) {
              throw syntaxError("Missing value");
          }
          return JSONObject.stringToValue(s);
      }
  
      /**
       * Skip characters until the next character is the requested character. If the requested character is not found, no
       * characters are skipped.
       * 
       * @param to A character to skip to.
       * @return The requested character, or zero if the requested character is not found.
       */
      public char skipTo(char to) throws JSONException {
          char c;
          try {
              int startIndex = this.index;
              int startCharacter = this.character;
              int startLine = this.line;
              reader.mark(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
              do {
                  c = next();
                  if (c == 0) {
                      reader.reset();
                      this.index = startIndex;
                      this.character = startCharacter;
                      this.line = startLine;
                      return c;
                  }
              } while (c != to);
          } catch (IOException exc) {
              throw new JSONException(exc);
          }
  
          back();
          return c;
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a JSONException to signal a syntax error.
       * 
       * @param message The error message.
       * @return A JSONException object, suitable for throwing
       */
      public JSONException syntaxError(String message) {
          return new JSONException(message + toString());
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a printable string of this JSONTokener.
       * 
       * @return " at {index} [character {character} line {line}]"
       */
      public String toString() {
          return " at " + index + " [character " + this.character + " line " + this.line + "]";
      }
  }
  
  /**
   * The JSONException is thrown by the JSON.org classes when things are amiss.
   * 
   * @author JSON.org
   * @version 2008-09-18
   */
  class JSONException extends Exception {
  
      /**
       * 
       */
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  
      private Throwable cause;
  
      /**
       * Constructs a JSONException with an explanatory message.
       * 
       * @param message Detail about the reason for the exception.
       */
      public JSONException(String message) {
          super(message);
      }
  
      public JSONException(Throwable t) {
          super(t.getMessage());
          this.cause = t;
      }
  
      public Throwable getCause() {
          return this.cause;
      }
  }
  
  /**
   * A JSONArray is an ordered sequence of values. Its external text form is a string wrapped in square brackets with
   * commas separating the values. The internal form is an object having <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods for
   * accessing the values by index, and <code>put</code> methods for adding or replacing values. The values can be any of
   * these types: <code>Boolean</code>, <code>JSONArray</code>, <code>JSONObject</code>, <code>Number</code>,
   * <code>String</code>, or the <code>JSONObject.NULL object</code>.
   * <p>
   * The constructor can convert a JSON text into a Java object. The <code>toString</code> method converts to JSON text.
   * <p>
   * A <code>get</code> method returns a value if one can be found, and throws an exception if one cannot be found. An
   * <code>opt</code> method returns a default value instead of throwing an exception, and so is useful for obtaining
   * optional values.
   * <p>
   * The generic <code>get()</code> and <code>opt()</code> methods return an object which you can cast or query for type.
   * There are also typed <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods that do type checking and type coercion for you.
   * <p>
   * The texts produced by the <code>toString</code> methods strictly conform to JSON syntax rules. The constructors are
   * more forgiving in the texts they will accept:
   * <ul>
   * <li>An extra <code>,</code>&nbsp;<small>(comma)</small> may appear just before the closing bracket.</li>
   * <li>The <code>null</code> value will be inserted when there is <code>,</code>&nbsp;<small>(comma)</small> elision.</li>
   * <li>Strings may be quoted with <code>'</code>&nbsp;<small>(single quote)</small>.</li>
   * <li>Strings do not need to be quoted at all if they do not begin with a quote or single quote, and if they do not
   * contain leading or trailing spaces, and if they do not contain any of these characters:
   * <code>{ } [ ] / \ : , = ; #</code> and if they do not look like numbers and if they are not the reserved words
   * <code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, or <code>null</code>.</li>
   * <li>Values can be separated by <code>;</code> <small>(semicolon)</small> as well as by <code>,</code>
   * <small>(comma)</small>.</li>
   * <li>Numbers may have the <code>0x-</code> <small>(hex)</small> prefix.</li>
   * </ul>
   * 
   * @author JSON.org
   * @version 2009-04-14
   */
  class JSONArray {
  
      /**
       * The arrayList where the JSONArray's properties are kept.
       */
      private ArrayList myArrayList;
  
      /**
       * Construct an empty JSONArray.
       */
      public JSONArray() {
          this.myArrayList = new ArrayList();
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONArray from a JSONTokener.
       * 
       * @param x A JSONTokener
       * @throws JSONException If there is a syntax error.
       */
      public JSONArray(JSONTokener x) throws JSONException {
          this();
          char c = x.nextClean();
          char q;
          if (c == '[') {
              q = ']';
          } else if (c == '(') {
              q = ')';
          } else {
              throw x.syntaxError("A JSONArray text must start with '['");
          }
          if (x.nextClean() == ']') {
              return;
          }
          x.back();
          for (;;) {
              if (x.nextClean() == ',') {
                  x.back();
                  this.myArrayList.add(null);
              } else {
                  x.back();
                  this.myArrayList.add(x.nextValue());
              }
              c = x.nextClean();
              switch (c) {
              case ';':
              case ',':
                  if (x.nextClean() == ']') {
                      return;
                  }
                  x.back();
                  break;
              case ']':
              case ')':
                  if (q != c) {
                      throw x.syntaxError("Expected a '" + new Character(q) + "'");
                  }
                  return;
              default:
                  throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ',' or ']'");
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONArray from a source JSON text.
       * 
       * @param source A string that begins with <code>[</code>&nbsp;<small>(left bracket)</small> and ends with
       * <code>]</code>&nbsp;<small>(right bracket)</small>.
       * @throws JSONException If there is a syntax error.
       */
      public JSONArray(String source) throws JSONException {
          this(new JSONTokener(source));
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONArray from a Collection.
       * 
       * @param collection A Collection.
       */
      public JSONArray(Collection collection) {
          this.myArrayList = new ArrayList();
          if (collection != null) {
              Iterator iter = collection.iterator();
              ;
              while (iter.hasNext()) {
                  Object o = iter.next();
                  this.myArrayList.add(JSONObject.wrap(o));
              }
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Construct a JSONArray from an array
       * 
       * @throws JSONException If not an array.
       */
      public JSONArray(Object array) throws JSONException {
          this();
          if (array.getClass().isArray()) {
              int length = Array.getLength(array);
              for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
                  this.put(JSONObject.wrap(Array.get(array, i)));
              }
          } else {
              throw new JSONException("JSONArray initial value should be a string or collection or array.");
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the object value associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return An object value.
       * @throws JSONException If there is no value for the index.
       */
      public Object get(int index) throws JSONException {
          Object o = opt(index);
          if (o == null) {
              throw new JSONException("JSONArray[" + index + "] not found.");
          }
          return o;
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the boolean value associated with an index. The string values "true" and "false" are converted to boolean.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return The truth.
       * @throws JSONException If there is no value for the index or if the value is not convertable to boolean.
       */
      public boolean getBoolean(int index) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(index);
          if (o.equals(Boolean.FALSE) || (o instanceof String && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase("false"))) {
              return false;
          } else if (o.equals(Boolean.TRUE) || (o instanceof String && ((String) o).equalsIgnoreCase("true"))) {
              return true;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONArray[" + index + "] is not a Boolean.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the double value associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return The value.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to a number.
       */
      public double getDouble(int index) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(index);
          try {
              return o instanceof Number ? ((Number) o).doubleValue() : Double.valueOf((String) o).doubleValue();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              throw new JSONException("JSONArray[" + index + "] is not a number.");
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the int value associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return The value.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to a number. if the value
       * cannot be converted to a number.
       */
      public int getInt(int index) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(index);
          return o instanceof Number ? ((Number) o).intValue() : (int) getDouble(index);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the JSONArray associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return A JSONArray value.
       * @throws JSONException If there is no value for the index. or if the value is not a JSONArray
       */
      public JSONArray getJSONArray(int index) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(index);
          if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
              return (JSONArray) o;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONArray[" + index + "] is not a JSONArray.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the JSONObject associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index subscript
       * @return A JSONObject value.
       * @throws JSONException If there is no value for the index or if the value is not a JSONObject
       */
      public JSONObject getJSONObject(int index) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(index);
          if (o instanceof JSONObject) {
              return (JSONObject) o;
          }
          throw new JSONException("JSONArray[" + index + "] is not a JSONObject.");
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the long value associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return The value.
       * @throws JSONException If the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to a number.
       */
      public long getLong(int index) throws JSONException {
          Object o = get(index);
          return o instanceof Number ? ((Number) o).longValue() : (long) getDouble(index);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the string associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return A string value.
       * @throws JSONException If there is no value for the index.
       */
      public String getString(int index) throws JSONException {
          return get(index).toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Determine if the value is null.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return true if the value at the index is null, or if there is no value.
       */
      public boolean isNull(int index) {
          return JSONObject.NULL.equals(opt(index));
      }
  
      /**
       * Make a string from the contents of this JSONArray. The <code>separator</code> string is inserted between each
       * element. Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
       * 
       * @param separator A string that will be inserted between the elements.
       * @return a string.
       * @throws JSONException If the array contains an invalid number.
       */
      public String join(String separator) throws JSONException {
          int len = length();
          StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  
          for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
              if (i > 0) {
                  sb.append(separator);
              }
              sb.append(JSONObject.valueToString(this.myArrayList.get(i)));
          }
          return sb.toString();
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the number of elements in the JSONArray, included nulls.
       * 
       * @return The length (or size).
       */
      public int length() {
          return this.myArrayList.size();
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional object value associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return An object value, or null if there is no object at that index.
       */
      public Object opt(int index) {
          return (index < 0 || index >= length()) ? null : this.myArrayList.get(index);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional boolean value associated with an index. It returns false if there is no value at that index, or
       * if the value is not Boolean.TRUE or the String "true".
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return The truth.
       */
      public boolean optBoolean(int index) {
          return optBoolean(index, false);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional boolean value associated with an index. It returns the defaultValue if there is no value at that
       * index or if it is not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false" (case insensitive).
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @param defaultValue A boolean default.
       * @return The truth.
       */
      public boolean optBoolean(int index, boolean defaultValue) {
          try {
              return getBoolean(index);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional double value associated with an index. NaN is returned if there is no value for the index, or if
       * the value is not a number and cannot be converted to a number.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return The value.
       */
      public double optDouble(int index) {
          return optDouble(index, Double.NaN);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional double value associated with an index. The defaultValue is returned if there is no value for the
       * index, or if the value is not a number and cannot be converted to a number.
       * 
       * @param index subscript
       * @param defaultValue The default value.
       * @return The value.
       */
      public double optDouble(int index, double defaultValue) {
          try {
              return getDouble(index);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional int value associated with an index. Zero is returned if there is no value for the index, or if
       * the value is not a number and cannot be converted to a number.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @return The value.
       */
      public int optInt(int index) {
          return optInt(index, 0);
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional int value associated with an index. The defaultValue is returned if there is no value for the
       * index, or if the value is not a number and cannot be converted to a number.
       * 
       * @param index The index must be between 0 and length() - 1.
       * @param defaultValue The default value.
       * @return The value.
       */
      public int optInt(int index, int defaultValue) {
          try {
              return getInt(index);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              return defaultValue;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Get the optional JSONArray associated with an index.
       * 
       * @param index subscript
       * @return A JSONArray value, or null if the index has no value, or if the value is not a JSONArray.
       */
      public JSONArray optJSONArray(int index) {
  