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acf-regs25-14-9_3 | These structures cause Kahn’s algorithm to output an empty list, since they prevent topological sortings. | [
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acf-regs25-14-9_4 | Pollard’s algorithm for integer factorization is named for the eventual resemblance to one of these structures over time. | [
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acf-regs25-14-9_5 | Gosper’s algorithm for detecting these structures improves upon another algorithm that creates a leading and trailing pointer called a “hare” and “tortoise” and is named for Floyd. | [
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acf-regs25-14-9_6 | Detecting these structures by checking already-visited nodes ensures that DFS halts. | [
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"circular",
"loop",
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] | acf-regs25-14-9 | 6 | Gabriel Nivasch’s “multi-stack” algorithm identifies these structures. An unsolved problem that asks whether these structures produce a double cover reduces to asking about “snarks.” These structures cause Kahn’s algorithm to output an empty list, since they prevent topological sortings. Pollard’s algorithm for integer factorization is named for the eventual resemblance to one of these structures over time. Gosper’s algorithm for detecting these structures improves upon another algorithm that creates a leading and trailing pointer called a “hare” and “tortoise” and is named for Floyd. Detecting these structures by checking already-visited nodes ensures that DFS halts. The absence of these structures defines the “A” in a DAG. For 10 points, name these paths in a graph that eventually lead back to their start. | cycles [accept word forms such as cyclic; accept circular or circuital or loops] | [
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acf-regs25-14-9_7 | The absence of these structures defines the “A” in a DAG. | [
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"word forms such as cyclic",
"circuit",
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"circular",
"loop",
"loops"
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acf-regs25-14-9_8 | For 10 points, name these paths in a graph that eventually lead back to their start. | [
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"circuital",
"word forms such as cyclic",
"circuit",
"cyclic",
"circular",
"loop",
"loops"
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acf-regs25-14-10_1 | This character says it is “great bliss for a man to love them well and believe them not” in a monologue about how “womens’ wiles” ruined Adam, Solomon, and Samson. | [
"Sir Gawain",
"Gawain"
] | acf-regs25-14-10 | 1 | This character says it is “great bliss for a man to love them well and believe them not” in a monologue about how “womens’ wiles” ruined Adam, Solomon, and Samson. A lengthy dressing scene assigns concordances like the Five Wounds of Christ to the pentangle on this character’s shield. Simon Armitage’s introduction to his translation of one poem notes that this character’s name must be pronounced as both an iamb and a trochee to preserve meter in bob and wheel sections. This character returns three kisses received from a woman and obtains her magic girdle. In a circa 1400 poem, this nephew of King Arthur travels to a northern chapel to finish a game with a figure he had beheaded at Christmas. For 10 points, what character titles a Middle English poem with the Green Knight? | Gawain [or Sir Gawain; prompt on Gwalchmei] | [
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acf-regs25-14-10_2 | A lengthy dressing scene assigns concordances like the Five Wounds of Christ to the pentangle on this character’s shield. | [
"Sir Gawain",
"Gawain"
] | acf-regs25-14-10 | 2 | This character says it is “great bliss for a man to love them well and believe them not” in a monologue about how “womens’ wiles” ruined Adam, Solomon, and Samson. A lengthy dressing scene assigns concordances like the Five Wounds of Christ to the pentangle on this character’s shield. Simon Armitage’s introduction to his translation of one poem notes that this character’s name must be pronounced as both an iamb and a trochee to preserve meter in bob and wheel sections. This character returns three kisses received from a woman and obtains her magic girdle. In a circa 1400 poem, this nephew of King Arthur travels to a northern chapel to finish a game with a figure he had beheaded at Christmas. For 10 points, what character titles a Middle English poem with the Green Knight? | Gawain [or Sir Gawain; prompt on Gwalchmei] | [
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acf-regs25-14-10_3 | Simon Armitage’s introduction to his translation of one poem notes that this character’s name must be pronounced as both an iamb and a trochee to preserve meter in bob and wheel sections. | [
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"Gawain"
] | acf-regs25-14-10 | 3 | This character says it is “great bliss for a man to love them well and believe them not” in a monologue about how “womens’ wiles” ruined Adam, Solomon, and Samson. A lengthy dressing scene assigns concordances like the Five Wounds of Christ to the pentangle on this character’s shield. Simon Armitage’s introduction to his translation of one poem notes that this character’s name must be pronounced as both an iamb and a trochee to preserve meter in bob and wheel sections. This character returns three kisses received from a woman and obtains her magic girdle. In a circa 1400 poem, this nephew of King Arthur travels to a northern chapel to finish a game with a figure he had beheaded at Christmas. For 10 points, what character titles a Middle English poem with the Green Knight? | Gawain [or Sir Gawain; prompt on Gwalchmei] | [
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acf-regs25-14-10_4 | This character returns three kisses received from a woman and obtains her magic girdle. | [
"Sir Gawain",
"Gawain"
] | acf-regs25-14-10 | 4 | This character says it is “great bliss for a man to love them well and believe them not” in a monologue about how “womens’ wiles” ruined Adam, Solomon, and Samson. A lengthy dressing scene assigns concordances like the Five Wounds of Christ to the pentangle on this character’s shield. Simon Armitage’s introduction to his translation of one poem notes that this character’s name must be pronounced as both an iamb and a trochee to preserve meter in bob and wheel sections. This character returns three kisses received from a woman and obtains her magic girdle. In a circa 1400 poem, this nephew of King Arthur travels to a northern chapel to finish a game with a figure he had beheaded at Christmas. For 10 points, what character titles a Middle English poem with the Green Knight? | Gawain [or Sir Gawain; prompt on Gwalchmei] | [
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163
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164,
285
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[
286,
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[
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[
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acf-regs25-14-10_5 | In a circa 1400 poem, this nephew of King Arthur travels to a northern chapel to finish a game with a figure he had beheaded at Christmas. | [
"Sir Gawain",
"Gawain"
] | acf-regs25-14-10 | 5 | This character says it is “great bliss for a man to love them well and believe them not” in a monologue about how “womens’ wiles” ruined Adam, Solomon, and Samson. A lengthy dressing scene assigns concordances like the Five Wounds of Christ to the pentangle on this character’s shield. Simon Armitage’s introduction to his translation of one poem notes that this character’s name must be pronounced as both an iamb and a trochee to preserve meter in bob and wheel sections. This character returns three kisses received from a woman and obtains her magic girdle. In a circa 1400 poem, this nephew of King Arthur travels to a northern chapel to finish a game with a figure he had beheaded at Christmas. For 10 points, what character titles a Middle English poem with the Green Knight? | Gawain [or Sir Gawain; prompt on Gwalchmei] | [
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0,
163
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164,
285
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[
286,
473
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[
474,
561
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[
562,
700
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782
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"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
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acf-regs25-14-10_6 | For 10 points, what character titles a Middle English poem with the Green Knight? | [
"Sir Gawain",
"Gawain"
] | acf-regs25-14-10 | 6 | This character says it is “great bliss for a man to love them well and believe them not” in a monologue about how “womens’ wiles” ruined Adam, Solomon, and Samson. A lengthy dressing scene assigns concordances like the Five Wounds of Christ to the pentangle on this character’s shield. Simon Armitage’s introduction to his translation of one poem notes that this character’s name must be pronounced as both an iamb and a trochee to preserve meter in bob and wheel sections. This character returns three kisses received from a woman and obtains her magic girdle. In a circa 1400 poem, this nephew of King Arthur travels to a northern chapel to finish a game with a figure he had beheaded at Christmas. For 10 points, what character titles a Middle English poem with the Green Knight? | Gawain [or Sir Gawain; prompt on Gwalchmei] | [
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163
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164,
285
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[
286,
473
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[
474,
561
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[
562,
700
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701,
782
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acf-regs25-14-11_1 | A complex in this organelle interacts with the protein frataxin as part of the activity of PMPCA and PMPCB. | [
"mitochondria",
"mitochondrion"
] | acf-regs25-14-11 | 1 | A complex in this organelle interacts with the protein frataxin as part of the activity of PMPCA and PMPCB. If this organelle’s functionality is degraded, its repair is controlled by PINK1 and Parkin. Hexokinase may regulate the formation of a complex in this organelle made of VDAC and ANT proteins. This organelle releases the Smac/DIABLO complex to bind to IAP and inhibit its function. The TIM and TOM complexes transport proteins in and out of this organelle. One process in this organelle uses the iron-sulfur enzyme aconitase to isomerize one molecule. The products of that process in this organelle include NADH and FADH2, which are used to generate a proton gradient. For 10 points, name this double-membraned organelle that contains the electron transport chain. | mitochondria [or mitochondrion] | [
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acf-regs25-14-11_2 | If this organelle’s functionality is degraded, its repair is controlled by PINK1 and Parkin. | [
"mitochondria",
"mitochondrion"
] | acf-regs25-14-11 | 2 | A complex in this organelle interacts with the protein frataxin as part of the activity of PMPCA and PMPCB. If this organelle’s functionality is degraded, its repair is controlled by PINK1 and Parkin. Hexokinase may regulate the formation of a complex in this organelle made of VDAC and ANT proteins. This organelle releases the Smac/DIABLO complex to bind to IAP and inhibit its function. The TIM and TOM complexes transport proteins in and out of this organelle. One process in this organelle uses the iron-sulfur enzyme aconitase to isomerize one molecule. The products of that process in this organelle include NADH and FADH2, which are used to generate a proton gradient. For 10 points, name this double-membraned organelle that contains the electron transport chain. | mitochondria [or mitochondrion] | [
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107
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[
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acf-regs25-14-11_3 | Hexokinase may regulate the formation of a complex in this organelle made of VDAC and ANT proteins. | [
"mitochondria",
"mitochondrion"
] | acf-regs25-14-11 | 3 | A complex in this organelle interacts with the protein frataxin as part of the activity of PMPCA and PMPCB. If this organelle’s functionality is degraded, its repair is controlled by PINK1 and Parkin. Hexokinase may regulate the formation of a complex in this organelle made of VDAC and ANT proteins. This organelle releases the Smac/DIABLO complex to bind to IAP and inhibit its function. The TIM and TOM complexes transport proteins in and out of this organelle. One process in this organelle uses the iron-sulfur enzyme aconitase to isomerize one molecule. The products of that process in this organelle include NADH and FADH2, which are used to generate a proton gradient. For 10 points, name this double-membraned organelle that contains the electron transport chain. | mitochondria [or mitochondrion] | [
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107
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108,
200
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[
201,
300
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389
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acf-regs25-14-12_3 | On the right side of this reception piece, a bow and quiver sit below a statue adorned with pink roses. | [
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acf-regs25-14-12_4 | Though its main version is in the Louvre, a second version of this painting is in Berlin’s Charlottenburg Palace, which also houses its artist’s painting of works being boxed up at a dealer’s shop. | [
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acf-regs25-14-12_5 | On the left of this painting, a red cloth drapes the prow of a ship, above which fly several cupids. | [
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acf-regs25-14-12_6 | It is unclear whether the joyous aristocrats in this fête galante are heading to or from the title Greek island. | [
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acf-regs25-14-12_7 | For 10 points, name this Rococo painting by Jean-Antoine Watteau. | [
"reasonable translations mentioning a journey to",
"Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera",
"Embarkation for Cythera",
"Voyage to Cythera",
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"Cythera",
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"from Cythera",
"L’embarquement pour Cythère",
"The Voyage to Cythera",
"Embarkation to Cythera",
"journey",
"The Embarkation for Cythera"
] | acf-regs25-14-12 | 7 | This painting inspired a pastel and charcoal series of an urban wasteland made in the 1980s by William Kentridge. In a darker poem inspired by this painting, a traveler sees birds pecking at a corpse on a “gallows tree.” On the right side of this reception piece, a bow and quiver sit below a statue adorned with pink roses. Though its main version is in the Louvre, a second version of this painting is in Berlin’s Charlottenburg Palace, which also houses its artist’s painting of works being boxed up at a dealer’s shop. On the left of this painting, a red cloth drapes the prow of a ship, above which fly several cupids. It is unclear whether the joyous aristocrats in this fête galante are heading to or from the title Greek island. For 10 points, name this Rococo painting by Jean-Antoine Watteau. | The Embarkation for Cythera [or The Embarkation to Cythera; or The Voyage to Cythera; or Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera; or L’embarquement pour Cythère; accept reasonable translations mentioning a journey to or from Cythera] (The poem in the second sentence is “A Voyage to Cythera” by Charles Baudelaire. The other Watteau painting is The Shop Sign of Gersaint.) | [
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acf-regs25-14-13_1 | An essay by this thinker imagines the “obstinate pride” needed to say that there are “nine hundred million little ants” on earth but “only my anthill is beloved of God.” | [
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"Arouet"
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acf-regs25-14-13_3 | This thinker’s critiques of dogmatic authority include the claim that “superstition sets the world in flame,” the plea to “crush the infamous,” and his Treatise on Tolerance. | [
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acf-regs25-14-13_5 | This author of Letters on the English and the Philosophical Dictionary created a character who rationalizes his syphilis and the Lisbon earthquake. | [
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acf-regs25-14-13_6 | For 10 points, what author parodied Leibniz’s Theodicy via the character Pangloss in his novel Candide? | [
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acf-regs25-14-14_1 | Philip E. Tetlock authored a “social check” on this phenomenon, which was eliminated in an experiment centering on affirmative action. | [
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acf-regs25-14-14_2 | Thomas Pettigrew extended this phenomenon to an “ultimate” type for in- and out-groups. | [
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acf-regs25-14-14_3 | In an experiment demonstrating this phenomenon, students rated a quizmaster’s knowledge as “above average” despite being selected randomly. | [
"FAE",
"correspondence",
"fundamental attribution error",
"correspondence bias",
"fundamental attribution"
] | acf-regs25-14-14 | 3 | Philip E. Tetlock authored a “social check” on this phenomenon, which was eliminated in an experiment centering on affirmative action. Thomas Pettigrew extended this phenomenon to an “ultimate” type for in- and out-groups. In an experiment demonstrating this phenomenon, students rated a quizmaster’s knowledge as “above average” despite being selected randomly. Lee Ross coined this phenomenon’s name in an essay discussing how people believed individuals assigned to write pro-Castro essays were actually pro-Castro. This cognitive bias under-emphasizes situational explanations and overemphasizes trait-based explanations for an actor’s behavior. For 10 points, identify this “error” named in part for the process in which people infer causes for behaviors. | fundamental attribution error [or FAE; accept correspondence bias; prompt on attribution] | [
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acf-regs25-14-14_4 | Lee Ross coined this phenomenon’s name in an essay discussing how people believed individuals assigned to write pro-Castro essays were actually pro-Castro. | [
"FAE",
"correspondence",
"fundamental attribution error",
"correspondence bias",
"fundamental attribution"
] | acf-regs25-14-14 | 4 | Philip E. Tetlock authored a “social check” on this phenomenon, which was eliminated in an experiment centering on affirmative action. Thomas Pettigrew extended this phenomenon to an “ultimate” type for in- and out-groups. In an experiment demonstrating this phenomenon, students rated a quizmaster’s knowledge as “above average” despite being selected randomly. Lee Ross coined this phenomenon’s name in an essay discussing how people believed individuals assigned to write pro-Castro essays were actually pro-Castro. This cognitive bias under-emphasizes situational explanations and overemphasizes trait-based explanations for an actor’s behavior. For 10 points, identify this “error” named in part for the process in which people infer causes for behaviors. | fundamental attribution error [or FAE; accept correspondence bias; prompt on attribution] | [
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"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
"subcategory": [
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} |
acf-regs25-14-14_5 | This cognitive bias under-emphasizes situational explanations and overemphasizes trait-based explanations for an actor’s behavior. | [
"FAE",
"correspondence",
"fundamental attribution error",
"correspondence bias",
"fundamental attribution"
] | acf-regs25-14-14 | 5 | Philip E. Tetlock authored a “social check” on this phenomenon, which was eliminated in an experiment centering on affirmative action. Thomas Pettigrew extended this phenomenon to an “ultimate” type for in- and out-groups. In an experiment demonstrating this phenomenon, students rated a quizmaster’s knowledge as “above average” despite being selected randomly. Lee Ross coined this phenomenon’s name in an essay discussing how people believed individuals assigned to write pro-Castro essays were actually pro-Castro. This cognitive bias under-emphasizes situational explanations and overemphasizes trait-based explanations for an actor’s behavior. For 10 points, identify this “error” named in part for the process in which people infer causes for behaviors. | fundamental attribution error [or FAE; accept correspondence bias; prompt on attribution] | [
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[
363,
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[
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"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
"subcategory": [
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acf-regs25-14-14_6 | For 10 points, identify this “error” named in part for the process in which people infer causes for behaviors. | [
"FAE",
"correspondence",
"fundamental attribution error",
"correspondence bias",
"fundamental attribution"
] | acf-regs25-14-14 | 6 | Philip E. Tetlock authored a “social check” on this phenomenon, which was eliminated in an experiment centering on affirmative action. Thomas Pettigrew extended this phenomenon to an “ultimate” type for in- and out-groups. In an experiment demonstrating this phenomenon, students rated a quizmaster’s knowledge as “above average” despite being selected randomly. Lee Ross coined this phenomenon’s name in an essay discussing how people believed individuals assigned to write pro-Castro essays were actually pro-Castro. This cognitive bias under-emphasizes situational explanations and overemphasizes trait-based explanations for an actor’s behavior. For 10 points, identify this “error” named in part for the process in which people infer causes for behaviors. | fundamental attribution error [or FAE; accept correspondence bias; prompt on attribution] | [
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134
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[
135,
222
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[
223,
362
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[
363,
518
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[
519,
649
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[
650,
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acf-regs25-14-15_1 | An 8-movement piece titled for this genre consists of four movements each accompanied by a variational “double,” the last of which is marked “Tempo di Borea.” | [
"keyboard partita",
"partita",
"Partita for solo violin",
"Partita for 8 Voices",
"Partita"
] | acf-regs25-14-15 | 1 | An 8-movement piece titled for this genre consists of four movements each accompanied by a variational “double,” the last of which is marked “Tempo di Borea.” Hans-Peter Schmitz ascribed the name of this genre to an A minor work for flute that ends with a “Bourrée angloise.” Six keyboard works titled for this genre comprise the Clavier-Übung I. The final movement of a piece in this genre consists of 64 variations on a four-bar theme and was lauded as “the greatest structure for solo violin” by Yehudi Menuhin. That movement from a set of works in this genre that inspired a Caroline Shaw piece “for 8 voices” is an oft-excerpted violin chaconne. For 10 points, name this genre of dance suite that J. S. Bach paired with sonatas. | partita [accept keyboard partita or Partita for solo violin or Partita for 8 Voices; prompt on suite until read by asking “what genre is the collection titled for?”] | [
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acf-regs25-14-15_2 | Hans-Peter Schmitz ascribed the name of this genre to an A minor work for flute that ends with a “Bourrée angloise.” | [
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"partita",
"Partita for solo violin",
"Partita for 8 Voices",
"Partita"
] | acf-regs25-14-15 | 2 | An 8-movement piece titled for this genre consists of four movements each accompanied by a variational “double,” the last of which is marked “Tempo di Borea.” Hans-Peter Schmitz ascribed the name of this genre to an A minor work for flute that ends with a “Bourrée angloise.” Six keyboard works titled for this genre comprise the Clavier-Übung I. The final movement of a piece in this genre consists of 64 variations on a four-bar theme and was lauded as “the greatest structure for solo violin” by Yehudi Menuhin. That movement from a set of works in this genre that inspired a Caroline Shaw piece “for 8 voices” is an oft-excerpted violin chaconne. For 10 points, name this genre of dance suite that J. S. Bach paired with sonatas. | partita [accept keyboard partita or Partita for solo violin or Partita for 8 Voices; prompt on suite until read by asking “what genre is the collection titled for?”] | [
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159,
275
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[
276,
346
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514
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650
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acf-regs25-14-15_3 | Six keyboard works titled for this genre comprise the Clavier-Übung I. | [
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"Partita for 8 Voices",
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acf-regs25-14-15_4 | The final movement of a piece in this genre consists of 64 variations on a four-bar theme and was lauded as “the greatest structure for solo violin” by Yehudi Menuhin. | [
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acf-regs25-14-15_5 | That movement from a set of works in this genre that inspired a Caroline Shaw piece “for 8 voices” is an oft-excerpted violin chaconne. | [
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"Partita for solo violin",
"Partita for 8 Voices",
"Partita"
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acf-regs25-14-15_6 | For 10 points, name this genre of dance suite that J. S. Bach paired with sonatas. | [
"keyboard partita",
"partita",
"Partita for solo violin",
"Partita for 8 Voices",
"Partita"
] | acf-regs25-14-15 | 6 | An 8-movement piece titled for this genre consists of four movements each accompanied by a variational “double,” the last of which is marked “Tempo di Borea.” Hans-Peter Schmitz ascribed the name of this genre to an A minor work for flute that ends with a “Bourrée angloise.” Six keyboard works titled for this genre comprise the Clavier-Übung I. The final movement of a piece in this genre consists of 64 variations on a four-bar theme and was lauded as “the greatest structure for solo violin” by Yehudi Menuhin. That movement from a set of works in this genre that inspired a Caroline Shaw piece “for 8 voices” is an oft-excerpted violin chaconne. For 10 points, name this genre of dance suite that J. S. Bach paired with sonatas. | partita [accept keyboard partita or Partita for solo violin or Partita for 8 Voices; prompt on suite until read by asking “what genre is the collection titled for?”] | [
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acf-regs25-14-16_1 | This day of the week is the traditional occasion of the distribution of the pre-consecrated Eucharist during the Mass of the Presanctified. | [
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"jumu’ah",
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acf-regs25-14-16_2 | The “Sermon for Necessities” often begins a sermon formally observed on this day of the week, during which the reciter sits down during a long pause between two sections. | [
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"jumu’ah",
"Friday",
"Holy Friday"
] | acf-regs25-14-16 | 2 | This day of the week is the traditional occasion of the distribution of the pre-consecrated Eucharist during the Mass of the Presanctified. The “Sermon for Necessities” often begins a sermon formally observed on this day of the week, during which the reciter sits down during a long pause between two sections. Lutherans engage in three exchanges with their pastor on this day of the week known as the “Solemn Reproaches.” Sermons based on the “seven sayings” are read on this day of the week during the Three Hours’ Agony. In Islam, the khutbah is recited before the obligatory jumu’ah prayer on this day of the week. Shabbat begins at sunset on this day of the week. For 10 points, the crucifixion of Jesus is commemorated during Holy Week on what “Good” day of the week? | Friday [accept Good Friday or Holy Friday; accept jumu’ah until read] | [
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acf-regs25-14-16_3 | Lutherans engage in three exchanges with their pastor on this day of the week known as the “Solemn Reproaches.” | [
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"jumu’ah until read",
"jumu’ah",
"Friday",
"Holy Friday"
] | acf-regs25-14-16 | 3 | This day of the week is the traditional occasion of the distribution of the pre-consecrated Eucharist during the Mass of the Presanctified. The “Sermon for Necessities” often begins a sermon formally observed on this day of the week, during which the reciter sits down during a long pause between two sections. Lutherans engage in three exchanges with their pastor on this day of the week known as the “Solemn Reproaches.” Sermons based on the “seven sayings” are read on this day of the week during the Three Hours’ Agony. In Islam, the khutbah is recited before the obligatory jumu’ah prayer on this day of the week. Shabbat begins at sunset on this day of the week. For 10 points, the crucifixion of Jesus is commemorated during Holy Week on what “Good” day of the week? | Friday [accept Good Friday or Holy Friday; accept jumu’ah until read] | [
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acf-regs25-14-18_6 | For 10 points, what author of The Jewish State founded modern political Zionism? | [
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acf-regs25-14-19_1 | Preventing the use of rotationally symmetric static fields in this technique can help overcome a limit set by Scherzer’s theorem. | [
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acf-regs25-14-19_2 | The “spot-scan” technique is sometimes used to prevent beam-induced motion in this larger technique. | [
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acf-regs25-14-19_3 | Samples in this technique may use heavy metals such as tungsten and osmium to undergo a “negative stain.” | [
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acf-regs25-14-19_4 | The development of a form of this technique, for which Dubochet, Frank, and Henderson were awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, generated a “resolution revolution.” | [
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acf-regs25-14-19_5 | In a form of this technique, the observed specimen is embedded in vitrified ice before being mounted on a grid and fixed via plunging in liquid ethane. | [
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acf-regs25-14-19_6 | For 10 points, name this imaging technique that comes in “scanning,” “transmission,” and “cryogenic” types. | [
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] | acf-regs25-15-1 | 1 | This culture supplanted a previous culture’s iconographic “Oculate Being,” depicted on textiles, with its so-called “Anthropomorphic Mythical Being.” Depictions of women wearing ankle-length mantles increased suddenly during this culture’s Phase 5, which was called “Transitional” for bridging the Monumental and Proliferous phases. Some of this culture’s “head jars” may have been made to replace the heads of decapitated people. This culture, which had an empty ceremonial center at Cahuachi, created a system of trenches and tunnels called puquios for transporting water. This culture was influenced by the earlier Paracas culture in creating many zoomorphic geoglyphs. For 10 points, name this Peruvian culture that created images in the ground known as their namesake “lines.” | Nazca culture [or Nazca lines; prompt on Early Intermediate period] | [
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acf-regs25-15-1_2 | Depictions of women wearing ankle-length mantles increased suddenly during this culture’s Phase 5, which was called “Transitional” for bridging the Monumental and Proliferous phases. | [
"Nazca culture",
"Nazca lines",
"Nazca"
] | acf-regs25-15-1 | 2 | This culture supplanted a previous culture’s iconographic “Oculate Being,” depicted on textiles, with its so-called “Anthropomorphic Mythical Being.” Depictions of women wearing ankle-length mantles increased suddenly during this culture’s Phase 5, which was called “Transitional” for bridging the Monumental and Proliferous phases. Some of this culture’s “head jars” may have been made to replace the heads of decapitated people. This culture, which had an empty ceremonial center at Cahuachi, created a system of trenches and tunnels called puquios for transporting water. This culture was influenced by the earlier Paracas culture in creating many zoomorphic geoglyphs. For 10 points, name this Peruvian culture that created images in the ground known as their namesake “lines.” | Nazca culture [or Nazca lines; prompt on Early Intermediate period] | [
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151,
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acf-regs25-15-1_3 | Some of this culture’s “head jars” may have been made to replace the heads of decapitated people. | [
"Nazca culture",
"Nazca lines",
"Nazca"
] | acf-regs25-15-1 | 3 | This culture supplanted a previous culture’s iconographic “Oculate Being,” depicted on textiles, with its so-called “Anthropomorphic Mythical Being.” Depictions of women wearing ankle-length mantles increased suddenly during this culture’s Phase 5, which was called “Transitional” for bridging the Monumental and Proliferous phases. Some of this culture’s “head jars” may have been made to replace the heads of decapitated people. This culture, which had an empty ceremonial center at Cahuachi, created a system of trenches and tunnels called puquios for transporting water. This culture was influenced by the earlier Paracas culture in creating many zoomorphic geoglyphs. For 10 points, name this Peruvian culture that created images in the ground known as their namesake “lines.” | Nazca culture [or Nazca lines; prompt on Early Intermediate period] | [
[
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150
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151,
333
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334,
431
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432,
575
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576,
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674,
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acf-regs25-15-1_4 | This culture, which had an empty ceremonial center at Cahuachi, created a system of trenches and tunnels called puquios for transporting water. | [
"Nazca culture",
"Nazca lines",
"Nazca"
] | acf-regs25-15-1 | 4 | This culture supplanted a previous culture’s iconographic “Oculate Being,” depicted on textiles, with its so-called “Anthropomorphic Mythical Being.” Depictions of women wearing ankle-length mantles increased suddenly during this culture’s Phase 5, which was called “Transitional” for bridging the Monumental and Proliferous phases. Some of this culture’s “head jars” may have been made to replace the heads of decapitated people. This culture, which had an empty ceremonial center at Cahuachi, created a system of trenches and tunnels called puquios for transporting water. This culture was influenced by the earlier Paracas culture in creating many zoomorphic geoglyphs. For 10 points, name this Peruvian culture that created images in the ground known as their namesake “lines.” | Nazca culture [or Nazca lines; prompt on Early Intermediate period] | [
[
0,
150
],
[
151,
333
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[
334,
431
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[
432,
575
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576,
673
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674,
782
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"subcategory": [
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acf-regs25-15-1_5 | This culture was influenced by the earlier Paracas culture in creating many zoomorphic geoglyphs. | [
"Nazca culture",
"Nazca lines",
"Nazca"
] | acf-regs25-15-1 | 5 | This culture supplanted a previous culture’s iconographic “Oculate Being,” depicted on textiles, with its so-called “Anthropomorphic Mythical Being.” Depictions of women wearing ankle-length mantles increased suddenly during this culture’s Phase 5, which was called “Transitional” for bridging the Monumental and Proliferous phases. Some of this culture’s “head jars” may have been made to replace the heads of decapitated people. This culture, which had an empty ceremonial center at Cahuachi, created a system of trenches and tunnels called puquios for transporting water. This culture was influenced by the earlier Paracas culture in creating many zoomorphic geoglyphs. For 10 points, name this Peruvian culture that created images in the ground known as their namesake “lines.” | Nazca culture [or Nazca lines; prompt on Early Intermediate period] | [
[
0,
150
],
[
151,
333
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334,
431
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432,
575
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576,
673
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674,
782
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10
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"other-history"
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acf-regs25-15-1_6 | For 10 points, name this Peruvian culture that created images in the ground known as their namesake “lines.” | [
"Nazca culture",
"Nazca lines",
"Nazca"
] | acf-regs25-15-1 | 6 | This culture supplanted a previous culture’s iconographic “Oculate Being,” depicted on textiles, with its so-called “Anthropomorphic Mythical Being.” Depictions of women wearing ankle-length mantles increased suddenly during this culture’s Phase 5, which was called “Transitional” for bridging the Monumental and Proliferous phases. Some of this culture’s “head jars” may have been made to replace the heads of decapitated people. This culture, which had an empty ceremonial center at Cahuachi, created a system of trenches and tunnels called puquios for transporting water. This culture was influenced by the earlier Paracas culture in creating many zoomorphic geoglyphs. For 10 points, name this Peruvian culture that created images in the ground known as their namesake “lines.” | Nazca culture [or Nazca lines; prompt on Early Intermediate period] | [
[
0,
150
],
[
151,
333
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[
334,
431
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[
432,
575
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576,
673
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674,
782
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acf-regs25-15-2_1 | A feast dedicated to the “protections” of this person allegedly began after Andrew the Fool had a vision of this person that saved Constantinople from invasion by the Rus’. | [
"Madonna",
"Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary",
"Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Intercession of the Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Mary",
"Theotokos",
"Theotokos until read",
"Mary, mother of Jesus",
"Virgin Mary"
] | acf-regs25-15-2 | 1 | A feast dedicated to the “protections” of this person allegedly began after Andrew the Fool had a vision of this person that saved Constantinople from invasion by the Rus’. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Nativity Fast is relaxed on the day of a feast dedicated to the “presentation” of this person. Odysseas Elytis took the title of his poem Axion Esti from a set of hymns dedicated to this person, who is referred to by the Greek term panagia. A key tenet of Nestorianism rejected at the Council of Ephesus involved his disuse of a term referring to this person, the speaker of the Magnificat hymn. Eastern Orthodoxy gives this person the title of “God-bearer,” or Theotokos. For 10 points, name this woman venerated in Eastern Christianity as the mother of Jesus. | Mary [or Mary, mother of Jesus; or Virgin Mary; or Madonna; accept Theotokos until read; accept Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary; accept Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read; accept Intercession of the Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read] | [
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672,
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acf-regs25-15-2_2 | In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Nativity Fast is relaxed on the day of a feast dedicated to the “presentation” of this person. | [
"Madonna",
"Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary",
"Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Intercession of the Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Mary",
"Theotokos",
"Theotokos until read",
"Mary, mother of Jesus",
"Virgin Mary"
] | acf-regs25-15-2 | 2 | A feast dedicated to the “protections” of this person allegedly began after Andrew the Fool had a vision of this person that saved Constantinople from invasion by the Rus’. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Nativity Fast is relaxed on the day of a feast dedicated to the “presentation” of this person. Odysseas Elytis took the title of his poem Axion Esti from a set of hymns dedicated to this person, who is referred to by the Greek term panagia. A key tenet of Nestorianism rejected at the Council of Ephesus involved his disuse of a term referring to this person, the speaker of the Magnificat hymn. Eastern Orthodoxy gives this person the title of “God-bearer,” or Theotokos. For 10 points, name this woman venerated in Eastern Christianity as the mother of Jesus. | Mary [or Mary, mother of Jesus; or Virgin Mary; or Madonna; accept Theotokos until read; accept Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary; accept Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read; accept Intercession of the Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read] | [
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acf-regs25-15-2_3 | Odysseas Elytis took the title of his poem Axion Esti from a set of hymns dedicated to this person, who is referred to by the Greek term panagia. | [
"Madonna",
"Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary",
"Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Intercession of the Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Mary",
"Theotokos",
"Theotokos until read",
"Mary, mother of Jesus",
"Virgin Mary"
] | acf-regs25-15-2 | 3 | A feast dedicated to the “protections” of this person allegedly began after Andrew the Fool had a vision of this person that saved Constantinople from invasion by the Rus’. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Nativity Fast is relaxed on the day of a feast dedicated to the “presentation” of this person. Odysseas Elytis took the title of his poem Axion Esti from a set of hymns dedicated to this person, who is referred to by the Greek term panagia. A key tenet of Nestorianism rejected at the Council of Ephesus involved his disuse of a term referring to this person, the speaker of the Magnificat hymn. Eastern Orthodoxy gives this person the title of “God-bearer,” or Theotokos. For 10 points, name this woman venerated in Eastern Christianity as the mother of Jesus. | Mary [or Mary, mother of Jesus; or Virgin Mary; or Madonna; accept Theotokos until read; accept Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary; accept Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read; accept Intercession of the Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read] | [
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672,
760
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acf-regs25-15-2_4 | A key tenet of Nestorianism rejected at the Council of Ephesus involved his disuse of a term referring to this person, the speaker of the Magnificat hymn. | [
"Madonna",
"Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary",
"Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Intercession of the Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Mary",
"Theotokos",
"Theotokos until read",
"Mary, mother of Jesus",
"Virgin Mary"
] | acf-regs25-15-2 | 4 | A feast dedicated to the “protections” of this person allegedly began after Andrew the Fool had a vision of this person that saved Constantinople from invasion by the Rus’. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Nativity Fast is relaxed on the day of a feast dedicated to the “presentation” of this person. Odysseas Elytis took the title of his poem Axion Esti from a set of hymns dedicated to this person, who is referred to by the Greek term panagia. A key tenet of Nestorianism rejected at the Council of Ephesus involved his disuse of a term referring to this person, the speaker of the Magnificat hymn. Eastern Orthodoxy gives this person the title of “God-bearer,” or Theotokos. For 10 points, name this woman venerated in Eastern Christianity as the mother of Jesus. | Mary [or Mary, mother of Jesus; or Virgin Mary; or Madonna; accept Theotokos until read; accept Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary; accept Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read; accept Intercession of the Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read] | [
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672,
760
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acf-regs25-15-2_5 | Eastern Orthodoxy gives this person the title of “God-bearer,” or Theotokos. | [
"Madonna",
"Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary",
"Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Intercession of the Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Mary",
"Theotokos",
"Theotokos until read",
"Mary, mother of Jesus",
"Virgin Mary"
] | acf-regs25-15-2 | 5 | A feast dedicated to the “protections” of this person allegedly began after Andrew the Fool had a vision of this person that saved Constantinople from invasion by the Rus’. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Nativity Fast is relaxed on the day of a feast dedicated to the “presentation” of this person. Odysseas Elytis took the title of his poem Axion Esti from a set of hymns dedicated to this person, who is referred to by the Greek term panagia. A key tenet of Nestorianism rejected at the Council of Ephesus involved his disuse of a term referring to this person, the speaker of the Magnificat hymn. Eastern Orthodoxy gives this person the title of “God-bearer,” or Theotokos. For 10 points, name this woman venerated in Eastern Christianity as the mother of Jesus. | Mary [or Mary, mother of Jesus; or Virgin Mary; or Madonna; accept Theotokos until read; accept Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary; accept Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read; accept Intercession of the Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read] | [
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acf-regs25-15-2_6 | For 10 points, name this woman venerated in Eastern Christianity as the mother of Jesus. | [
"Madonna",
"Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary",
"Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Intercession of the Theotokos until Theotokos is read",
"Mary",
"Theotokos",
"Theotokos until read",
"Mary, mother of Jesus",
"Virgin Mary"
] | acf-regs25-15-2 | 6 | A feast dedicated to the “protections” of this person allegedly began after Andrew the Fool had a vision of this person that saved Constantinople from invasion by the Rus’. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Nativity Fast is relaxed on the day of a feast dedicated to the “presentation” of this person. Odysseas Elytis took the title of his poem Axion Esti from a set of hymns dedicated to this person, who is referred to by the Greek term panagia. A key tenet of Nestorianism rejected at the Council of Ephesus involved his disuse of a term referring to this person, the speaker of the Magnificat hymn. Eastern Orthodoxy gives this person the title of “God-bearer,” or Theotokos. For 10 points, name this woman venerated in Eastern Christianity as the mother of Jesus. | Mary [or Mary, mother of Jesus; or Virgin Mary; or Madonna; accept Theotokos until read; accept Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary; accept Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read; accept Intercession of the Theotokos until “Theotokos” is read] | [
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440,
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672,
760
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"packet": "Packet-O_Editors-1",
"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
"subcategory": [
"religion"
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} |
acf-regs25-15-3_1 | These structures were converted into energetically unfavorable bis(organyl)metal complexes using a rhodium(I) catalyst by Suggs and Jun. | [
"C–C",
"C–C bonds",
"carbon–carbon single bonds",
"carbon–carbon"
] | acf-regs25-15-3 | 1 | These structures were converted into energetically unfavorable bis(organyl)metal complexes using a rhodium(I) catalyst by Suggs and Jun. A common reaction that forms these structures may replace a substituent with a “dummy ligand” such as a cyanide group to prevent an organocopper byproduct. Alkyl halides are reacted with two equivalents of sodium metal to form these structures in the Wurtz reaction. Reactions that form these structures follow cycles of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination and often use a palladium catalyst, such as in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. These structures can be formed using compounds of the form RMgX, such as the formation of a tertiary alcohol from a ketone in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name these bonds that form the backbone of organic molecules. | carbon–carbon single bonds [or C–C bonds; prompt on single bonds or sigma bonds; prompt on chemical bonds until read] | [
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137,
292
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"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
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"chemistry"
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acf-regs25-15-3_2 | A common reaction that forms these structures may replace a substituent with a “dummy ligand” such as a cyanide group to prevent an organocopper byproduct. | [
"C–C",
"C–C bonds",
"carbon–carbon single bonds",
"carbon–carbon"
] | acf-regs25-15-3 | 2 | These structures were converted into energetically unfavorable bis(organyl)metal complexes using a rhodium(I) catalyst by Suggs and Jun. A common reaction that forms these structures may replace a substituent with a “dummy ligand” such as a cyanide group to prevent an organocopper byproduct. Alkyl halides are reacted with two equivalents of sodium metal to form these structures in the Wurtz reaction. Reactions that form these structures follow cycles of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination and often use a palladium catalyst, such as in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. These structures can be formed using compounds of the form RMgX, such as the formation of a tertiary alcohol from a ketone in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name these bonds that form the backbone of organic molecules. | carbon–carbon single bonds [or C–C bonds; prompt on single bonds or sigma bonds; prompt on chemical bonds until read] | [
[
0,
136
],
[
137,
292
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[
293,
403
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[
404,
599
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[
600,
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749,
825
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"chemistry"
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acf-regs25-15-3_3 | Alkyl halides are reacted with two equivalents of sodium metal to form these structures in the Wurtz reaction. | [
"C–C",
"C–C bonds",
"carbon–carbon single bonds",
"carbon–carbon"
] | acf-regs25-15-3 | 3 | These structures were converted into energetically unfavorable bis(organyl)metal complexes using a rhodium(I) catalyst by Suggs and Jun. A common reaction that forms these structures may replace a substituent with a “dummy ligand” such as a cyanide group to prevent an organocopper byproduct. Alkyl halides are reacted with two equivalents of sodium metal to form these structures in the Wurtz reaction. Reactions that form these structures follow cycles of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination and often use a palladium catalyst, such as in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. These structures can be formed using compounds of the form RMgX, such as the formation of a tertiary alcohol from a ketone in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name these bonds that form the backbone of organic molecules. | carbon–carbon single bonds [or C–C bonds; prompt on single bonds or sigma bonds; prompt on chemical bonds until read] | [
[
0,
136
],
[
137,
292
],
[
293,
403
],
[
404,
599
],
[
600,
748
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[
749,
825
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"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
"subcategory": [
"chemistry"
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acf-regs25-15-3_4 | Reactions that form these structures follow cycles of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination and often use a palladium catalyst, such as in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. | [
"C–C",
"C–C bonds",
"carbon–carbon single bonds",
"carbon–carbon"
] | acf-regs25-15-3 | 4 | These structures were converted into energetically unfavorable bis(organyl)metal complexes using a rhodium(I) catalyst by Suggs and Jun. A common reaction that forms these structures may replace a substituent with a “dummy ligand” such as a cyanide group to prevent an organocopper byproduct. Alkyl halides are reacted with two equivalents of sodium metal to form these structures in the Wurtz reaction. Reactions that form these structures follow cycles of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination and often use a palladium catalyst, such as in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. These structures can be formed using compounds of the form RMgX, such as the formation of a tertiary alcohol from a ketone in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name these bonds that form the backbone of organic molecules. | carbon–carbon single bonds [or C–C bonds; prompt on single bonds or sigma bonds; prompt on chemical bonds until read] | [
[
0,
136
],
[
137,
292
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[
293,
403
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[
404,
599
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[
600,
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749,
825
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"packet": "Packet-O_Editors-1",
"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
"subcategory": [
"chemistry"
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} |
acf-regs25-15-3_5 | These structures can be formed using compounds of the form RMgX, such as the formation of a tertiary alcohol from a ketone in the Grignard reaction. | [
"C–C",
"C–C bonds",
"carbon–carbon single bonds",
"carbon–carbon"
] | acf-regs25-15-3 | 5 | These structures were converted into energetically unfavorable bis(organyl)metal complexes using a rhodium(I) catalyst by Suggs and Jun. A common reaction that forms these structures may replace a substituent with a “dummy ligand” such as a cyanide group to prevent an organocopper byproduct. Alkyl halides are reacted with two equivalents of sodium metal to form these structures in the Wurtz reaction. Reactions that form these structures follow cycles of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination and often use a palladium catalyst, such as in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. These structures can be formed using compounds of the form RMgX, such as the formation of a tertiary alcohol from a ketone in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name these bonds that form the backbone of organic molecules. | carbon–carbon single bonds [or C–C bonds; prompt on single bonds or sigma bonds; prompt on chemical bonds until read] | [
[
0,
136
],
[
137,
292
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[
293,
403
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[
404,
599
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[
600,
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749,
825
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"packet": "Packet-O_Editors-1",
"question_set": "2025-acf-regionals",
"subcategory": [
"chemistry"
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} |
acf-regs25-15-3_6 | For 10 points, name these bonds that form the backbone of organic molecules. | [
"C–C",
"C–C bonds",
"carbon–carbon single bonds",
"carbon–carbon"
] | acf-regs25-15-3 | 6 | These structures were converted into energetically unfavorable bis(organyl)metal complexes using a rhodium(I) catalyst by Suggs and Jun. A common reaction that forms these structures may replace a substituent with a “dummy ligand” such as a cyanide group to prevent an organocopper byproduct. Alkyl halides are reacted with two equivalents of sodium metal to form these structures in the Wurtz reaction. Reactions that form these structures follow cycles of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination and often use a palladium catalyst, such as in the Heck and Suzuki reactions. These structures can be formed using compounds of the form RMgX, such as the formation of a tertiary alcohol from a ketone in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name these bonds that form the backbone of organic molecules. | carbon–carbon single bonds [or C–C bonds; prompt on single bonds or sigma bonds; prompt on chemical bonds until read] | [
[
0,
136
],
[
137,
292
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[
293,
403
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[
404,
599
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600,
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825
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acf-regs25-15-4_1 | A 2014 ROH production of this opera projects chalk-drawn handwriting onto the front facade of its black and white set. | [
"Don Giovanni"
] | acf-regs25-15-4 | 1 | A 2014 ROH production of this opera projects chalk-drawn handwriting onto the front facade of its black and white set. Eberhard Wächter plays the title character of this opera in a 1959 recording conducted by Carlo Maria Giulini. Felice Ponziani’s role in this opera’s Prague premiere inspired the declaration that he is “all too familiar” with a performance at a banquet that quotes one of the composer’s previous operas. This opera’s title character is told “a cenar teco” by a character whose three knocks are accompanied by loud D minor chords from the overture. In this opera, Leporello sings about 1003 Spanish women to Donna Elvira, detailing his master’s seduction in its “Catalogue” aria. For 10 points, a statue of the Commendatore drags the title character of what Mozart opera to hell? | Don Giovanni | [
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118
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[
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229
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[
230,
422
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[
423,
566
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567,
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698,
797
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acf-regs25-15-4_2 | Eberhard Wächter plays the title character of this opera in a 1959 recording conducted by Carlo Maria Giulini. | [
"Don Giovanni"
] | acf-regs25-15-4 | 2 | A 2014 ROH production of this opera projects chalk-drawn handwriting onto the front facade of its black and white set. Eberhard Wächter plays the title character of this opera in a 1959 recording conducted by Carlo Maria Giulini. Felice Ponziani’s role in this opera’s Prague premiere inspired the declaration that he is “all too familiar” with a performance at a banquet that quotes one of the composer’s previous operas. This opera’s title character is told “a cenar teco” by a character whose three knocks are accompanied by loud D minor chords from the overture. In this opera, Leporello sings about 1003 Spanish women to Donna Elvira, detailing his master’s seduction in its “Catalogue” aria. For 10 points, a statue of the Commendatore drags the title character of what Mozart opera to hell? | Don Giovanni | [
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118
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229
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230,
422
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566
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797
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acf-regs25-15-4_5 | In this opera, Leporello sings about 1003 Spanish women to Donna Elvira, detailing his master’s seduction in its “Catalogue” aria. | [
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acf-regs25-15-4_6 | For 10 points, a statue of the Commendatore drags the title character of what Mozart opera to hell? | [
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