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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c69ce981-e254-4707-b87a-cb493e8a948e
|
OPV can be used if vaccine l monitor is showing?
|
Colour of outer circle is same as inner square
|
Colour of outer circle is darker than inner square
|
Colour of outer circle is lighter than inner square
|
None of the above
| 1b
|
multi
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Colour of outer circle is darker than inner square
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
4bf5d147-3860-4dcf-ac71-9f9b0a87e583
|
Average gain of height in first year ?
|
25 cms
|
50 cms
|
75 cms
|
100 cms
| 0a
|
single
|
O.P. Ghai 9th Edition - page 13
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
a524efbb-8a52-4298-9f4f-40790d95c8b9
|
Investigation of choice to diagnose congenital malformations
|
USG
|
HSG
|
MRI
|
CT
| 2c
|
single
|
MRI is the investigation of choice to diagnose congenital malformaiton.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
8d5a6669-3645-4275-a1da-89ee456bf3fd
|
Pain is appreciated when the small bowel is
|
Burned
|
crushed
|
Cut
|
distended
| 3d
|
multi
|
The gut is insensitive to common painful stimuli Distention of the small bowel produces a feeling of paraumbilical discomfo
|
Surgery
| null |
e778cda1-38c5-4583-bf9d-02979ff48c67
|
The main advantage of RPD over FPD in replacing bilateral lost teeth is
|
Cross arch stabilization
|
Aesthetics
|
Less expensive
|
Comfort to the patient
| 0a
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
6f6b53ff-bca5-44ad-a4c0-2384a34a3c3d
|
Which is seen in chediak Higashi syndrome
|
Neutopenia
|
Defective microbial killing
|
Presence of large granules in neutrophils
|
All of the above
| 3d
|
multi
|
Ref Harrison 16/e p,353:,354, Robbins 9/e p238 Chediak Higashi syndrome: Autosomal recessive inheence Due to defect in lysosomal transpo protein LYST. Clinical feature include: primary immune deficiency, neutropenia , defective microbial killing,impaired chemotaxis,hypopigmentation, photophobia, nystagmus. Microscopic examination shows giant peroxidase positive inclusion in the cytoplasm of leukocytes
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
223519f2-4f43-42d2-a370-a765820b764d
|
The stye is other name of
|
Chalazion
|
Hordeolum internum
|
Hordeolum externum
|
None of the above
| 2c
|
multi
|
(Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no.367)Acute infection of Zeis (Moll) gland - Stye (Hordeolum externum)Acute infection of the tarsal gland (Meibomian gland)- Hordeolum internumChronic infection of the tarsal gland (Meibomian gland)- Chalazion
|
Ophthalmology
|
Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus
|
6daa0511-3c7b-45d5-9e67-12d85f4e707d
|
Metal fume fever is common in chronic poisoning with -
|
Mercury
|
Lead
|
Zinc
|
Thallium
| 2c
|
multi
|
Metal Fume Fever is a self limiting influenza like syndrome resulting from acute exposure to fumes or smoke of zinc (most common), copper, manganese, nickel, mercury and other volatile metals.
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
0315a1c7-4bd2-466c-901a-dbf23087eb84
|
Ionophores have following action except:
|
Abolish proton gradient
|
Inhibit ADP to ATP conversion
|
Hydrophilic in character
|
Abolish pH gradient
| 2c
|
multi
|
C i.e. Hydrophilic in characterIonophoresaillCeain microbes synthesize small organic molecules called ionophores, that function as shuttle for the movement of ions across membrane.
|
Physiology
| null |
724817c1-2899-4d7c-958a-d1c649d323c9
|
Which of the following part of psychosexual theory operates on the pleasure principle and attempts to obtain pleasure:
|
Id
|
Ego.
|
Superego.
|
None.
| 0a
|
multi
| null |
Dental
| null |
6e196ea8-ed3d-4a78-a0ac-a572aa6d68b7
|
Incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma in population over 40 years of age is about:
|
1 in 100
|
1 in 200
|
1 in 500
|
1 in 1000
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans. 1 in 100
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
2a66ad58-87e0-4ea4-8993-f177281e5584
|
Lysogenic conversion is seen in:
|
C. diphtheriae
|
Salmonella
|
Staphylococcus
|
E.coli
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., C. diphtheriaeRef: - Jawetz latest e/p. 274The toxigenicity of the diphtheria bacilli depends on the presence in it of corynephages (tox +). Nontoxigenic strains may be rendered toxigenic by infecting them with beta phage or some other larger phage. This is known as lysogenic conversion or phage conversion.C. diphtheriae does not need to be toxigenic to establish localized infection.
|
Microbiology
|
Bacteria
|
37701e61-16cd-4a82-8f6b-69b345c07850
|
Hot potato voice is characteristic of
|
Pre tonsillar abscess
|
Glottis carcinoma
|
Subglottic carcinoma
|
Supraglottic carcinoma
| 0a
|
single
|
Peritonsillar abscess shows muffled and thick speech often called as " hot potato voice ". Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 298
|
ENT
|
Larynx
|
35a60859-f958-40df-a0f0-ead81e4a786a
|
A child can Sit in Tripod position at which month?
|
5 months
|
6 months
|
8 months
|
9 months
| 1b
|
single
|
Developmental milestones:- GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: 2 months: Holds head in plane of rest of the body when held in ventral suspension. In prone position in bed, the chin lifts momentarily. 3 months:lift head above the plane of the body. Head control stas by 3 months and fully developed by 5 months. 4 months:Remain on forearm suppo if put in prone position, lifting the upper pa of the body off the bed. 5 months: Rolls over. 6 months:sit in tripod fashion. 8 months: sits without suppo., crawling 9 months: Takes a few steps with one hand held. Pulls to standing and cruises holding on to furniture by 10 months. 10 months: creeps 12 months:creeps well, walk but falls, stand without suppo. 15 months: walks well, walks backward/ sideways pulling a toy. May crawl upstairs. 18 months: Runs, walks upstair with one hand held. Explores drawers 2 years: walk up and downstairs, jumps. 3 years : rides tricycle, alternate feet going upstairs. 4 years: hops on one foot, alternate feet going downstairs. 5 years:skips FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT:- 2 months- eyes follow objects to 180 deg. 3 months-Grasp reflex disappears and hand is open most of the time. 4 months- Bidextrous approach( reaching out for objects with both hands). 6 months- Unidextrous approach( Reach for an object with one hand). 8 months- radial grasp sta to develop. Turns to sound above the level of ear. 9 months- immature pincer grasp, probes with forefinger. 12 months-Unassisted pincer grasp. Releases object on request.Uses objects predominantly for playing, not for mouthing. Holds block on each hand and bang them together. 15 months- imitate scribbling , tower of two blocks 18 months- scribbles, tower of 3 blocks.turn pages of a book, 2-3 at a time. 2 years- tower of 6 blocks, veical and circular stroke. 3 years-Tower of 9 blocks, dressing and undressing with some help, can do buttoning. 4 years- copies cross, bridge with blocks 5 years- copies triangle, gate with blocks. SOCIAL AND ADAPTIVE MILESTONES: 2 months: social smile(smile after being talked to).watches mother when spoken to and may smile. 3 months:Recognizes mother, anticipates feeds. 4 months: Holds rattle when placed in hand and regards it . Laughs aloud. Excited at the sight of food. 6 months:recognizes strangers, stranger anxiety . Enjoy watching own image in mirror, shows displeasure when toy pulled off. 9 months:waves bye bye 12 months:comes when called, plays simple ball game.kisses the parent on request. Makes postural adjustments for dressing. 15 months:jargon, stas imitating mother. 18 months: copies parents in tasking, dry by day, calls mother when he wants potty, points to three pas of body on request. 2 years: ask for food, drink, toilet, pulls people to show toys. 3 years:shares toys, know fullname and gender, dry by night. 4 years:Plays cooperatively in a group, goes to toilet alone, washes face, brushes teeth. Role play . 5 years:helps in household task , dresses and undresses. LANGUAGE MILESTONES: 1 month: Ales to sound. 2 month:respond to sound by stale or quitening to a smooth voice. 3 months: babbles when spoken to. Makes sounds (ahh,coos, ) laughs. 4 months: laughs aloud. 6 months: monosyllables 9 months: understands spoken words, bisyllables. 12 months: 1-2 words with meaning. 18 months: vocabulary of 10 words. Can name one pa of body. 2 years: 3 word simple sentences 3 years:asks questions, knows full name and gender. 4 years: says songs or poem, tells story, knows three colours. 5 years: ask meaning of words. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
|
Pediatrics
|
Growth and development
|
1e94dd36-ff6e-44a3-a271-2ddc25b4a888
|
Serotonin syndrome may be precipitated by all of the following medications, except:
|
Chlorpromazine
|
Pentazocine
|
Buspirone
|
Meperidine
| 0a
|
multi
|
Chlorpromazine is used in the treatment of serotonin syndrome. It is a potent 5HT2 receptor antagonist and can reduce the level of serotonin thereby useful in serotonin syndrome. Ref: The Diagnosis of Psychosis By Rudolf Cardinal, Edward Bullmore, Page 125; Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion, Page 234.
|
Pharmacology
| null |
a8f933d5-1222-44c9-bedc-da1a033281b0
|
Post prandial motility is maximum in
|
Transverse colon
|
Rectum
|
Descending colon
|
Sigmoid colon
| 3d
|
single
|
Post prandial motility is maximum in sigmoid colon followed by transverse colon.
|
Physiology
| null |
00ac148e-14f2-49c7-b460-153aeab1d8cc
|
False statement regarding xenon is_____
|
Rapid induction and emergence
|
Free from greenhouse effects
|
Teratogenic
|
Does not trigger malignant hypehermia
| 2c
|
multi
|
Xenon is Non- teratogenic.Option A: Xenon has a very low blood-gas solubility coefficient (0.115) and produces rapid induction of and emergence from anaesthesia.Option B: Xenon produces no green house effect or ozone depletion and is environmentally safe, unlike the other inhaled anaesthetics.Option D: Does not trigger malignant hypehermia Other advantages of xenon:IneMinimal cardiovascular effects- It produces minimal cardiovascular depression, and it is not arrhythmogenic.Non explosiveHas Analgesic activity - reduces intraoperative opioid requirements Disadvantages of Xenon High costLow potency (MAC = 70%)Xenon gas has a very high density (5.9 g/L) resulting in increased flow resistance and work of breathing. Thus, it may be a poor choice for patients wicompromised respiratory function
|
Anaesthesia
|
Inhalational Anesthetic Agents
|
706d4758-e1b2-47a5-92b5-2c41109ff0f4
|
A Carrier of Neisseria Meningiditis can be detected by
|
CSF - PCR
|
CSF - Culture
|
Blood culture
|
Nasopharynegeal swab culture
| 3d
|
single
|
Specimen for cases - Blood and CSF
Specimen for carriers - Nasopharyngeal swab.
|
Microbiology
| null |
823d3442-21a4-42bf-b40f-41939ac40041
|
Fibrosis is due to-
|
TGF-b
|
TNF-a
|
IL - 7
|
IL -10
| 0a
|
single
|
Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease South Asia edition. Robbins 9/e p46 *activated macrophages secrete 1 growth factors ,TGF Beta:tissue repair and fibrosis. 2 IL 10 ,TGF Beta: anti inflammatory effect.
|
Pathology
|
General pathology
|
a769e123-a78a-4b8a-89d5-06c1dc14d811
|
Zero order kinetics means:
|
A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time
|
A constant fraction of the drug in the body is eliminated per unit time
|
The fraction of the administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation.
|
The effect that can be increased by giving a second agent that boosts the effect of the liver's enzyme system
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans. a (A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time). (Ref. Pharmacology by KD Tripathi 6th/33, fig. 3.5)ZERO ORDER ELIMINATION# The metabolic pathways responsible for alcohol metabolism are rapidly saturated and that clearance is determined by how fast these pathways can work. The metabolic pathways work to their limit.# This is known as zero order kinetics: a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time,# This form of kinetics occurs with several important drugs at high dosage concentrations:- Phenytoin,- Salicylates,- Theophylline, and- Thiopentone (at very large doses).# Because high dose thiopentone is very slow to clear, we no longer use it in infusion for status epilepticus.FIRST ORDER ELIMINATION# A constant fraction of the drug in the body is eliminated per unit time.# The rate of elimination is proportional to the amount of drug in the body.# The majority of drugs are eliminated in this way.Elimination of drugsZero-order elimination Rate of elimination is constant regardless of C (constant amount of drug eliminated per unit time). Cp | linearly with time. Examples of drugs--ethanol, phenytoin, and aspirin (at high or toxic concentrations).First-order elimination Rate of elimination is proportional to the drug concentration (i.e.., constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time). Cp | exponentially with time
|
Pharmacology
|
General Pharmacology
|
5ac2201f-0bb3-4f6e-9499-79f80d1b41de
|
A widely used drug that suppresses cellular immunity, inhibits prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis and increases the catabolism of IgG antibody is:
|
Cyclophosphamide
|
Prednisone
|
Cyclosporine
|
Infliximab
| 1b
|
single
|
Glucocoicoids are powerful immunosuppressants. These inhibit both cellular and humoral immunity by: * Decreasing the recruitment of immune cells. * Catabolism of immunoglobulins. * Inhibiting the enzyme phospholipase A2 resulting in decreased production of PGs, LTs and TXs.
|
Pharmacology
|
Targeted Anticancer Drugs and Immunosuppressants
|
4563a660-48d0-48e6-8bc9-9e80b9058885
|
Enzyme deficient in maple syrup urine disease -
|
a-ketoacid decarboxylase
|
Transaminase
|
Isomerase
|
Mutase
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) or branched chain ketoaciduriao It is an inborn error of metabolism of branched chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucineo It is due to deficiency of enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in these amino acids metabolism i.e. branched chain-a keto acid dehydrogenase which catalyses decarboxylation of branched chain amino acids As a result, the branched chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and valine, and their a-keto acids accumulate in blood, urine and CSF.o There is characteristic maple syrup odor to the urine.
|
Biochemistry
|
Amino Acid Metabolic Disorder
|
49ccf915-c118-4e51-ab57-898215677239
|
A chronic alcoholic patient is brought to the emergency department by his wife. The person has not consumed alcohol for the past two days due to religious reasons. The person complained of nausea, vomiting and dizziness. On the second day. he developed seizures, that progressed to generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS). Which of the following would be best medication to manage the seizure of the patient?
|
Sodium valproate
|
Phenytoin
|
Diazepam
|
Carbamazepine
| 2c
|
single
|
Ans. c. Diazepam (Ref: Niraj Ahuja 6/e p39-40; Kaplan and Sadock's 9/e p1278, 1284-1285)The seizures in this patient, is due to alcohol withdrawal. Diazepam would be best medication to manage the seizure of the patient.Symptoms of Alcohol withdrawal:Hang over (MC)QHallucinationsQ (usually auditory) and illusionsQInsomniaQSeizures (Alcoholic seizures/Rum fits)QDelirium tremens;Occurs within 5 daysQ of complete or significant abstinenceQ from from heavy alcohol drinking Recovery occurs within 7 daysCharacteristic features are clouding of consciousnessQ, disorientationQ, hallucinations (mostly visual and auditory)Q, illusionQ, autonomic disturbancesQ, agitationQ and insomniaQ.Long acting benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide and diazepam or short acting such as Iorazepam can he used to treat mild-moderate uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal.''Chlordiazepoxide is preferred over diazepam for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.'Management ofAlcohol IntoxicationAlcohol WithdrawalDelirium TremensDrugs used are:* Lorazepam (can worsen the vitals due to CNS depression)* Haloperidol (can lower seizure threshold) Other drugs which may be used:* Ziprasidone* Olanzapine* All patients should be given multiple oral vitamin B1 including 50-100 mg of thiamine daily for a week.* Replace alcohol (CNS depressant) with any other CNS depressant.* Benzodiazepines are commonly used.* Chlordiazepoxide is drug of choice because of its long half- life.* High dose benzodiazepines or antipsychotics arerecommended.* Anticonvulsants are not given to control seizures seen in delirium tremens. Withdrawal SyndromesSubstanceFeaturesOpioid* YawningQ, Insomnia. Dysphoric mood* Water loss from different orificesQ (LacrimationQ, sweatingQ, diarrheaQ, vomiting, rhinorrheaQ)* Increased vitalsQ (BP, Pulse, RR, Temperature)Q* Pupilary dilation, piloerectionQAlcohol(Hls delirium)* Hang over (MC)Q* HallucinationsQ (usually auditory) and illusionsQ* InsomniaQ* Seizures (Alcoholic seizures/Rum fits)Q* Delirium tremens:- Occurs within 5 daysQ of complete or significant abstinenceQ from from heavy alcohol drinking- Recovery occurs within 7 days- Characteristic features are clouding of consciousnessQ, disorientationQ, hallucinations (mostly visual and auditory)Q, illusionQ, autonomic disturbancesQ, agitationQ and insomniaQ.Cocaine* Increased or decreased- Sleep (hypersomniaQ or insomnia)- Psychomotor activity* Vivid unpleasant dreamsQ* Increased apetite and fatigueRemember:Drug of choice in withdrawal syndromeOpium* Methadone (1st choice)* Clonidine (2nd choice)Alcohol* Chlordiazepoxide (1st choice)* Diazepam (2nd) choice)Treatment of Alcohol DependenceAversion therapy: ApomorphineQ, sub-threshold electric shockPsychotherapyGroup therapyDeterrent agents: (Alcohol sensitizing drugs)QDisulfiramQCitrated calcium carbimide (CCC)MetronidazoleQ, NitrafezoleQMethyltetrazolethiolSulfonylureas (specially ChlorpropamideQ)Cephalosporins (cefoperazoneQ, moxalactamQ, cefamandoleQ)Anticraving agents: (FAN)FluoxetineQAcamprosateQNaltrexoneQ
|
Psychiatry
|
Alcohol-Related Disorders
|
df683e42-3c8c-47c9-8742-d7d8593d6e5e
|
Metronidazole is effective in all of the following conditions except -
|
Pseudomembranous colitis
|
Neurocysticercosis
|
Giardiasis
|
Amebic liver abscess
| 1b
|
multi
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Neurocysticercosis
|
Pharmacology
| null |
9be7b99c-aff2-4202-b7c3-20b76c12276b
|
Which of the following is the causative agent of STD disease donovanosis?
|
Hemophilus ducrevi
|
Klebsiella granulomatis
|
Leishmania donovani
|
Treponema pallidum
| 1b
|
multi
|
Granuloma inguinale/donovanosis-caused byKlebsiella granulomatis. Small, painless nodules appear after about 10-40 days of the contact with the bacteria. Later, the nodules burst, creating open, fleshy, oozing lesions. The lesions occur at the region of contact typically found on the shaft of the penis, the labia, or the perineum Diagnosis:painless, "beefy-red ulcer" with a characteristic rolled edge of granulation tissue. Wright Giemsa stain:Donovan bodies- rod-shaped, oval organisms that can be seen in the cytoplasm of mononuclear phagocytes or histiocytes in tissue samples.
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
NEET Jan 2020
|
41f7e387-2a7e-4184-af1f-338ef8040320
|
A 55 years old female presents with tinnitus, dizziness and h/o progressive deafness. Differential diagnosis includes all except:
|
Acoustic neuroma
|
Endolymphatic hydrops
|
Meningioma
|
Histiocytosis-x
| 3d
|
multi
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Histiocytosis X It is very well known that first 3 options i.e., Acoustic neuroma, endolymphatic hydrops (Miniers disease), and Meningioma can cause tinnitus and u/1 progressive deafness, (although Menier disease is usually b/l but initial presentation is u/l and the other ear is also involved in a few years).About Histiocytosis X, I have not read anywhere straight forward symptoms of tinnitus & u/l deafness. But in disseminated and Multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis, recurrent episodes of otitis media and mastoiditis are common (and these can cause tinnitus and progressive hearing loss )Leaving these complexities of symptoms, Histiocytosis X can be easily ruled out on age basis.All three -Acoustic neuroma, Endolymphatic hydrops and meningioma are common in middle age group i.e., 30-35 to 60 yrs.But Histiocytosis X is seen only in children and young adults.There are 3 forms of Histiocytosis X:Letterer Siwe disease - seen in young children upto 2 yrs of ageHand Schuller Christian disease- childrenEosinophilic granuloma - children and young adults
|
ENT
|
Ear
|
827e221f-031e-4225-b760-210296a671ae
|
In primary tuberculosis, all of the following may be seen except:
|
Cavitation
|
Caseation
|
Calcification
|
Langhans giant cell
| 0a
|
multi
|
Cavitation is seen when there has been a previous sensitization of the host resulting in caseous necrotic material being present which is discharged through the cavities. So, it is associated with secondary tuberculosis more frequently.
|
Pathology
|
Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Lung Abscess
|
8164abaf-7f79-4921-9bc5-62b187596936
|
One of the following condition is not associated with clubbing :
|
Primary biliary cirrhosis
|
Chronic bronchitis
|
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
|
Central bronchiectasis
| 1b
|
single
|
Answer is B (Chronic bronchitis): Chronic bronchitis does not cause clubbing Some causes of finger clubbing Respiratory Cardiovascular Bronchial carcinoma, especially epidermoid (squamous cell) type (major cause) Cyanotic hea disease Chronic suppurative lung disese Subacute infective endocarditis Bronchiectasis Lung abscess Miscellaneous Empyema Congenital -- no disease Cirrhosis Pulmonary fibrosis (e.g. cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) Inflammatory bowel disease Pleural and mediastinal tumours (e.g. mesothelioma) Primary billiary cirrhosis Crvptogenic organizing pneumonia
|
Medicine
| null |
48e8a6b4-01a3-47fd-b0b0-8886252980a3
|
Conduction aphasia is classically seen due to lesion in -
|
Arcuate fascicultis
|
Cingulate gyms
|
Bruges area
|
Werniekes area
| 0a
|
multi
|
Answer- A. Arcuate fascicultis
|
Medicine
| null |
28e2630a-3c5e-48bd-9a28-ca4f12cddd46
|
Uveal Effusion syndrome may be associated with all of the following, Except:
|
Myopia
|
Ciliochoroidal detachment
|
Structural defect in Sclera
|
Nanophthalmos
| 0a
|
multi
|
A i.e. Myopia Uvea effusion syndrome may be associated with small hypermetropic eyes but it is not associated with MyopiaQ. Ciliochoroidaliffusion (tachment) = CCE It is collection of fluid in the potential space between the sclera externally and the choroids and ciliary body internally. The fluid is usually located with in the expansion zone of choroids & ciliary body and is therefore within the uvea. Features The anatomic arrangement of fibers. anteriorly that attach the ciliary body and anterior chorioid to the sclera, is analogous to that of long and tangential fibers in outer plexiform layer in the macular area (another location where fluid selectively accumulates). - The physiological pressure in suprachoroidal space is - 2 mmHg less than IOP in anterior & vitreous chamber. A precipitous (sudden) decline in LOP d/t surgery or trauma may promote vascular engorgement and suprachoroidal edema. With CCE, the lens -iris diaphragm may shift anteriorly and cause acute angle closure glaucoma. Structurally abnormal Sclera (Thick Sclera) : Sclera contains high levels of abnormal proteoglycans which bind and trap large volumes of water. Thus the sclera thickens and may secondarily obstruct the choroidal venous drainage and escape of aqueous that leave the anterior chamber uveoscleral route. Fibronectin is increased in sclera in nanopthalmos. Forms (Types) Voex vein compression by thickened sclera has been implicated in the production of uveal effusion in uveal effusion syndrome and nanopthalmic eyesQ. Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid lit exudative deep ciliochoroidal detachment of ciliary body, choroids and retina. In chronic CCE, break down of blood ocular barrier at the level of RPE occurs and 1/t non rhegmatogenous RD. - Linear areas of RPE hyperophy and hyperplasia (Verhoeff's streak) are sign of resolving (subsidiary) cilochorodal effusion (detachment). Motling of RPE (Leopard sign) may be seen. Eyes may be nanopthalmic (small) or hvpermetropic Phthysis and hypotonia is usually due to ciliary body shutdown from chronic detachment which compromises the blood supply to the ciliary processes Ureal effusion syndrome is frequently confused clinically with ring melanoma of the ciliary body/choroids and metastatic tumors which form impoant differential diagnosis of this condition. Transillumination and USG are helpful in distinguishing a serous from solid detachment. CCE light up, and transillumination can be observed anteriorly next to limbus. Increased transillumination by CCE is k/a Hagen's sign. However, in some cases of melanoma (non pigmented type) transillumination may not be defective.
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
cae8f1ae-3402-415f-9b64-63a2faa82ed6
|
All of the following are Hepatotoxic except-
|
Erythromycin
|
Tetracycline
|
Choloroquine
|
Rifampicin
| 2c
|
multi
| null |
Medicine
| null |
78fc4b9f-7851-408b-8d89-e0ede04765ad
|
Enophthalmos is seen in -
|
Blow out fracture of orbit wall
|
Hyperthyroidism
|
Radiation Injuries
|
Diabetes meilitus
| 0a
|
multi
|
Arts. Is 'a' i.e., Blow out fracture of orbit wall o Enophthalmos is seen in blow out fracture of orbit wall.o Post traumatic enophthalmos is caused by blow out fracture through the floor of orbit.ENOPHTHALMOSo It is the inward displacement of the eyeball. About 50 percent cases of mild enophthalmos are misdiagnosed as having ipsilateral ptosis or contralateral proptosis,o Common causes areCongenital. Microphthalmos and maxillary hypoplasia.Traumatic, Blow out fractures of floor of the orbit.Post-inflammatory'. Cicatrization of extraocular muscles as in the pseudotumour syndromes.Paralytic enophthalmos. It is seen in Homer's syndrome (due to paralysis of cervical sympathetics).Atrophy of orbital contents. Senile atrophy of orbital fat, atrophy due to irradiation of malignant tumour, following cicatrizing metastatic carcinoma and due to scleroderma.
|
Ophthalmology
|
Proptosis, Enophthalmos, Developmental Anomalies
|
5d54599c-ed4c-4cbf-bba6-09f9721ddc30
|
Blue sclera is feature of -
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta
|
Osteopetrosis
|
Cleidocranial dysostosis
|
Achendroplasia
| 0a
|
single
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta also known as Fragilitas ossium/ Vrolick&;s disease characterised by, Fragility of bones, deafness, Blue sclera, laxity of joints and tendency to improve with age. It results from defective collagen synthesis and thus affects other collagen containing soft tissues such as the skin, sclera, teeth, ligaments etc. Reference - TB of ohopaedics- Ebnezar-3rd edn-pg no 464
|
Orthopaedics
|
Bony dysplasia and soft tissue affection
|
a570cb73-175d-4d3f-90b6-3e41be69444c
|
Inducing agent of choice in DIC
|
Thiopentone
|
Ketamine
|
Methohexitone
|
Propofol
| 1b
|
single
|
The cardiovascular stimulatory effects make ketamine a desirable drug for the induction of anesthesia in unstable cardiovascular patients suffering from hypovolemia, hemorrhagic shock, or cardiovascular depression in sepsis. Ketamine bronchodilation and profound analgesia allowing the use of high oxygen concentrations make ketamine an excellent choice for induction of anesthesia in patients with reactive airway disease. Patients who have sustained trauma with extensive blood loss are typical candidates for rapid-sequence anesthesia induction with ketamine. Patients with septic shock also may benefit from ketamine. The intrinsic myocardial depressant effect of ketamine may manifest in this situation if trauma or sepsis has caused depletion of catecholamine stores before the patient's arrival in the operating room. The use of ketamine in these patients does not obte the need for appropriate preoperative preparation, including restoration of intravascular blood volume. Ref: Miller's anesthesia 8th edition Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e
|
Anaesthesia
|
General anaesthesia
|
f41a12e6-4c80-4d79-8653-7ba799e1f8a1
|
The classic triad of brucellosis include all, except
|
Fever with profuse night sweats
|
Meningoencephalitis
|
Ahralgia
|
Hepatosplenomegaly
| 1b
|
multi
|
Though the manifestations of the disease vary, the classic triad of fever with profuse night sweats , ahralgia/ahritis and hepatosplenomegaly are present in most patients
|
Anatomy
|
Bacteriology
|
3c698fe6-8f61-4d97-9002-fd51297e82c0
|
The following vaccines can be given to immunocompromized child except?
|
Recombinant
|
Subunit
|
Live attenuated
|
Killed
| 2c
|
multi
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Live attenuated o Live attenuated vaccine cannot be given in immunocompromized because even low virulent vaccine strain (of organism) can cause disease in immunocompromized patient.
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
c1be576d-84ed-4a29-805a-a5d850bb01ac
|
Which metabolite is involved in glycolysis, HMP shunt pathway as well as gluconeogenesis?
|
Glucose-1-phosphate
|
Glucose-6-phosphate
|
Fructose-6-phosphate
|
Pyruvate
| 1b
|
single
|
Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is a method by which glucose is trapped inside the cell. Later it is diverted to many different pathways depending upon energy state of the cell.
|
Biochemistry
| null |
ea9c4a64-bb76-49b8-8138-6ae81039c0ca
|
The condition where glistening spots are found in tubal serosa:
|
Walthard cell nests
|
Metastases from ovary
|
Paraovarian cysts
|
Tubal fibrosis
| 2c
|
single
|
Ans. is c i.e. Paraovarian cysts Paraovarian cysts are extra peritoneal cysts lying in broad ligament adjacent to the ovary, below the fallopian tube. The tube is stretched and flattened over the top of the cyst which tends to enlarge in a lateral direction so that it may lie to the side of and above the ovary. The cyst is usually unilocular contains clear fluid, its wall is smooth, thin and translucent. So it is seen as glistening spots in tuba! serosa..
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
c64a0f0f-9767-4dc9-800a-ff78a4a154cc
|
IVF is done for infeility due to?
|
Azoospermia
|
Tubal infeility
|
Infeility due to PID
|
Uterine agenesis
| 0a
|
single
|
Azoospermia REF: Shaw's 13 th ed p. 206 The requisite for In Vitro Feilization is presence of normal female reproductive tract. In presence of tubal factors leading to infeility the IVF can't be done. It is indicated for oligospermia or azoospermia.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
4d97be90-aaf4-4eec-b626-117d8514e954
|
Ideal age for repair of vaginal agenesis is :
|
6 months
|
3 years
|
At pubey
|
Before marriage
| 3d
|
single
|
Before marriage Repair of vaginal agenesis (seen in testicular feminizaton syndrome and Rokitansky-Kuster Hauser syndrome) is done by vaginoplasty. Vaginoplasty should only be performed when the girl is just married or about to be married. Techniques : 1. Frank dilatation (Non surgical method). 2. Construction of aificial vagina by Mc lndoe operation. 3. Williams vaginoplasty - creates a pouch out of labia majora dissection.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
da06f0a5-5292-496f-80b4-78f16955d295
|
Low grade squamous Intraepithelial leison of cervix in Bethseda system includes :
|
CIN 1
|
CIN 2
|
CIN 3
|
Squamous metaplasia
| 0a
|
single
|
Dysplasias are graded as: 1. Mild dysplasia (CIN-I). The undifferentiated cells are confined to the lower one-third of the epithelium. The cells are more differentiated towards the surface. Mild dysplasia due to infection is often seen in young women indulging in sexual activity. CIN-I is lately described as low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) according to the Bethesda classification. 'Ascus' is a term described in the Bethesda system as atypical cells of undetermined significance. The intermediate cells mostly display mild dysplasia with enlarged nuclei and irregular outline. One per cent progress to cancer over the years. 2. Moderate dysplasia (CIN-II). Undifferentiated cells occupy the lower 50-75% of the epithelial thickness. The cells are mostly intermediate with moderate nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, irregular chromatin and multiple nucleation. Thiy per cent of CIN II regress, 40% persist and the rest progress to invasive cancer. 3. Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIN-III). In this grade of dysplasia, the entire thickness of the epithelium is replaced by abnormal cells. There is no cornification and stratification is lost. The basement membrane, however, is intact and there is no stromal infiltration. Often, an abrupt change in histological appearance from normal to abnormal is apparent. The cytology cells are mostly parabasal with increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The nuclei are irregular, with coarse chromatin material; mitosis and multinucleation are common. Almost all progress to invasive cancer over 10-15 years. 4. Tadpole cells are seen in invasive cancer. CIN-II and CIN-III are described as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) according to the latest Bethesda classification. HSIL have a propensity to progress and become invasive, and therefore need investigations and treatment.In cervix , low grade squamous Intraepithelial leison ( LSIL ) in 2001 Bethseda system includes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I Reference: Textbook of Gynaecology; 16th edition; Pg no:486
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Gynaecological oncology
|
a2c8a06b-1320-4d88-9c51-885e5b206ff7
|
ALL of the following are true about trigeminal neuralgia
EXCEPT
|
it is unilateral
|
it is of throbbing nature
|
it is triggered by touching cheeks, mucosa etc
|
occurs in bouts
| 1b
|
multi
| null |
Pathology
| null |
1139592f-b353-4861-b39d-86331205ecfb
|
Keratin of skin and nail differ because of
|
Disulphide bond
|
Covalent bond
|
Vander Waal bond
|
Hydrogen bond
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e Disulphide bond " the keratins are a family of closely related fibrous proteins, whose structure is nearly entirely alpha- helical. They are a major component of tissues such as hairs and skin; their rigidity is determined by the number of disulphide bonds between the constituent polypeptide chains " -Lippincott's BiochemThus the difference in rigidity between the keratins of hairs and nail in because of the number of disulphide bonds.Keratins are rich in cysteine*( a sulphur containing amino acid ) which provides covalent disulphide cross-link between adjacent polypeptide chains.
|
Biochemistry
|
Miscellaneous (Structure & Function of Proteins)
|
26ed48a2-cd3e-4bd0-ab23-1dc66df27168
|
Which of the following are included in Malaria Vector Indices in pre-eradication era ? a)Spleen ratio b)Human blood index c) Slide positivity rate d)Parasite density index
|
1,3
|
1,4
|
1, 2, 3
|
4,3,1
| 1b
|
single
|
Malaria vector indices are divided into 3 groups. 1.Pre-eradication era 2.Eradication ERA 3. Malaria vector indices Spleen ratio AV. Enlarged spleen Parasite rate Parasite density index IPR PCR API ABER AFI SPR SFR Human blood index Sporozoite rate Mosquito Density Biting density Inoculation rate
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Communicable & Non Communicable Disease
|
847449e5-8f57-4df5-b87a-0bcc11cea7e6
|
In camera trial of a rape case hearing is done under ?
|
376 IPC
|
327 CrPC
|
53 CrPC
|
375 IPC
| 1b
|
single
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e. 327 CrPC S. 327 CrPC (2) -The inquiry into and trial of rape or an offence under sec.376 IPC shall be conducted in camera and it is not lawful for any person to print or publish any matter in relation to such proceedings except with the permission of cou.
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
0c4a864b-2ba2-4f67-b66f-a2a2f8ae75c6
|
Which of the following anti-epileptic agents causes the reversible side-effect of gingival hyperplasia?
|
Ethosuximide
|
Phenobarbitone
|
Sodium valproate
|
None of the above
| 3d
|
multi
| null |
Pharmacology
| null |
aa975653-bd02-4486-9910-abb11779cbe4
|
Amyloid is best identified by -
|
Staining with methyl violet
|
Secondary fluorescence in UV light with riboflavin
|
Congo red
|
Green birefringence of stained amyloid when viewed by polarizing microscope
| 3d
|
single
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Green birefringence of stained amyloid when viewed by polarizing microscope
|
Pathology
| null |
727efe5e-9b4f-4f4a-95c3-51b405e73c6a
|
The red velvety appearance of stomach mucosa is seen in the poisoning of
|
Lead
|
Arsenic
|
Copper
|
Mercury
| 1b
|
single
|
(Refer: Rajesh Bardale - Principle of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 1 st edition, pg no: 430)
|
Anatomy
|
All India exam
|
11674eb2-8903-4d38-a7a6-b07cc7ba8350
|
Maximum energy store in
|
Adipose
|
Liver
|
Muscle
|
Blood glucose
| 0a
|
single
|
It is the storehouse of energy in the body (about 1,35,000 kcal)The free fatty acid (FFA) mobilized from adipose tissue is the preferred fuel for muscle during starvationThe energy is stored in the concentrated form, triacylglycerol. The chylomicrons and VLDL are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase present on capillary walls. It is activated by insulin.Ref: DM Vasudevan Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 6th edition, page no: 87
|
Biochemistry
|
Respiratory chain
|
b6441f04-bc25-48d4-9d2f-73743a0f60cf
|
60 year old diabetic female presented with burning sensation to spicy food. Intraoral examination revealed multiple periodontal abscess and keratotic area in a lace pattern with occasional erosive areas inside the lace pattern.
Provisional diagnosis for this lady will be
|
Oral hairy Leukoplakia
|
Oral lichen planus
|
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
|
Oral pemphigus
| 1b
|
single
|
Oral lichen planus is a common mucocutaneous disease, characterised by bilateral white striations, papules, plaques on the buccal mucosa, tongue and gingiva. Erosive form may present as erosions or frankly ulcerated lesions, with characteristic radiating striae on the periphery of the individual lesions. Grinspan's syndrome is an interesting association of lichen planus, diabetes mellitus and vascular hypertension.
|
Pathology
| null |
ab43d339-8210-4804-a46d-cda710a4e419
|
Which of the following is selective alpha antagonist?
|
Propanolol
|
Prazosin
|
Phentolamine
|
Clonidine
| 1b
|
single
|
Ans. B. PrazosinPrazosin is selective alpha 1 blocker which used in patients suffering from BHP. They also used in hypertension. Phentolamine is nonselective alpha blocker. Clonidine is alpha 2 agonists.
|
Pharmacology
|
A.N.S.
|
2a673d59-8851-4d6e-8c15-98e46b9073ea
|
A 12 year old girl with the mood and emotional liability has a golden brown discoloration in descement membrane. Most likely diagnosis is ?
|
Fabry's disease
|
Wilson's disease
|
Glycogen storage disease
|
Acute rheumatic fever
| 1b
|
single
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Wilson's disease Emotional liability, tremors (Neurological symptoms) with brown discoloration of descemet's membrane of coenea suggest the diagnosis of Wilson's disease. Wilson's disease ? o It occurs due to reduced mobilization of copper from lysosomes in liver cells for excretion into the bile. o Abnormal gene for Wilson's disease is on long arm of chromosome 13 (AR). Clinical features ? o Younger patient likely to develop hepatic involvement. o Later on Neurologic manifestation like tremor, dystonia, behavioral changes also develops. o K-F rings may be absent in young patients with liver diseases but are always present in patient with neurologic symptoms. o Hemolysis may be an initial manifestation. Sensory changes never occur. Diagnosis ? o Decrease ceruloplasmin level o Liver biopsy
|
Pediatrics
| null |
66651c6f-b72b-4e59-aec5-a4770bfdd7fa
|
A patient with mild skin pigmentation comes to you because of sudden abdominal pain, fever and a rigid abdomen. Her lab repo show blood sugar of 55, Na 119, and K 6.2. Her BP 88/58. She undergoes exploratory laparotomy. Which statement is true?
|
Treatment with exogenous steroids is usually ineffective
|
This condition is commonly seen as a consequence of metastasis of distant cancers, such as lung or breast to the adrenal glands
|
Death from untreated chronic adrenal insufficiency may occur within hours of surgery
|
The most common underlying cause today is infection with MDR tuberculosis
| 2c
|
multi
|
Failure to recbgnize adrenal coical insufficiency, paicularly in the ppstoperative patient, may be a fatal error that is especially regrettable because therapy (exogenous steroids) is effective and easy to administer. Adrenal insufficiency may occur in a host of settings including tuberculosis (formerly the most common cause), autoimmune state, severe infections (classically, meningococcal septicemia), pituitary insufficiency, after burns, during anticoagulant therapy, and--most commonly today--aftEURr interruption of chronically administered exogenous steroids. Although the adrenal gland is an occasion3l site for distant metastases, such as from lung or breast, it is rare for there to be enough destruction of the glands to produce clinical adrenal insufficiency Chronic adrenal insufficiency (classic Addison's diease) should be recognizable preoperatively by the constellation of skin hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia. Death may occur within hours of surgery if a patient with Addison's disease is operated on without cognizance of adreria! insufficiency and pretreatment with exogenous steroids. Patients who have adrenal insufficiency as a result of interruption of chronically administered exogenous steroids may not develop the classic electrolyte abnormalities until the preterminal period. Adrenal insufficiency may also develop insidiously in the postoperative period, progressing over a course of several days. This insidious course is seen when adrenal injury occurs in the perioperative period, as would be the case with adrenal damage from hemorrhage into the gland in a patient receiving postoperative anticoagulant PTT. therapy Measurement of blood coicosteroid levels, urinary coicosteroid secretion, urinary sodium levels, and response to exogenous steroids is helpful in establishing the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency pigmentation, weakness, weight loss, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypoglycemia,
|
Surgery
| null |
5c5d34c0-3e69-4d6b-9531-335d1edb503f
|
Normal safe limit of Fluoride content in drinking water is
|
0.5 to 0.8 mg/L
|
0.8 to 1.0 mg/L
|
0.2 to 0.5 mg/L
|
0.2 to 0.8 mg/L
| 0a
|
single
|
The recommended level of fluorides in drinking water in India is accepted as 0.5 to 0.8 mg per literRef: Park; 23rd ed; Pg 625
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Nutrition and health
|
e7688428-52f8-4ee6-b0f1-533a73c4df2c
|
Which of the following is not a point mutation-
|
Silent mutation
|
Nonsense mutation
|
Frame shift mutation
|
Mis-sense mutation
| 2c
|
single
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Frame shift mutation o Somatic mutations include :-i) Point mutations :- Silent mutation, mis-sense mutation, nonsense mutation.ii) Frame shift mutations :- These are due to deletion or insertion of base pair.iii) Trinucleotide repeat mutation.o Methionine is activated into S-adenosylmethionine, which then transfers its methyl group to an acceptor. Thus methionine acts as methyl donor in transmethylation reactions.o Some of the important transmethylation reactions are-i) Norepinephrine - Epinephrineii) Phosphatidylethanolamine - Phosphatidylcholineiii) Gunaidoacetate - Creatineiv) Ethanolamine - Cholinev) Acetyl serotonin - Serotoninvi) Nucleotides - methylated nucleotides
|
Biochemistry
|
Regulation of Gene Expression
|
a317dcdd-de6a-48f1-95f7-7fc4473cd6e2
|
Test used for cholesterol is
|
Salkowski test
|
Schilling test
|
Zellwenger’s test
|
Brodie’s test
| 0a
|
single
| null |
Biochemistry
| null |
08321f52-cd4c-43c7-abc7-64395b6d510e
|
The light brown perinuclear pigment seen on H & Estaining of the cardiac muscle fibres in the grosslynormal appearing hea of an 83 year old man atautopsy is due to deposition os:
|
Hemosiderin
|
Lipochrome
|
Cholesterol metabolite
|
Anthracotic pigment
| 1b
|
single
|
. Lipochrome
|
Pathology
| null |
f2187e42-c56d-4bac-9247-3884f5e626a4
|
Apparant volume of distribution of a drug less than 5 liters implies that the drug is predominantly in which of the following compament?
|
Extracellular fluid
|
Total body water
|
Intracellular fluid
|
Intravascular fluid
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans is 'a' i.e., Extracellular fluido A drug with high volume of distribution has more concentration in tissue and less in plasma.o A drug with low volume of distribution has concentration only in plasma (intravascular)Relationship between volume of distribution and extent of distributionVd (L)% body weightExtent of distribution< 57only in plasma5-207-28In extracellular fluid20-4028-56In total body water>40>56In deep tissues; bound to peripheral tissues
|
Pharmacology
| null |
ee385d01-3ecf-4b35-bf24-f5e6fcfa6e1d
|
This is a paramyxovirus and causes the syndrome known as croup.
|
Measles virus
|
Influenza virus
|
Respiratory syncytial virus
|
Parainfluenza virus
| 3d
|
single
|
Orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses are RNA viruses that contain a single-stranded RNA genome. The influenza viruses belong to the orthomyxoviruses. They cause acute respiratory tract infections that usually occur in epidemics. Isolated strains of influenza virus are named after the virus type (influenza A, B, or C) as well as the host and location of initial isolation, the year of isolation, and the antigenic designation of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Both the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are glycoproteins under separate genetic control, and because of this they can and do vary independently. The changes in these antigens are responsible for the antigenic drift characteristic of these viruses. The paramyxoviruses include several important human pathogens (mumps virus, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus). Both paramyxoviruses and orthomyxoviruses possess an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is a structural component of the virion and produces the initial RNA. Respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) are not related to the paramyxoviruses. They are 150-nm single-stranded RNA viruses. There are 2 antigen groups, A and B, which play no role in diagnosis and treatment. While the overall mortality is 0.5%, at-risk groups may be 25 to 35% mortality if untreated. Some parainfluenza virus infections (type 3) may be indistinguishable from RSV, but most parainfluenza infections produce a laryngotracheobronchitis known as croup.
|
Microbiology
|
Virology
|
3a38a471-25d5-4c12-afb1-af1d52e07632
|
In emergency tracheostomy the following structures are damaged except?
|
Isthmus of the thyroid
|
Inferior thyroid aery
|
Thyroid ima
|
Inferior thyroid vein
| 1b
|
multi
|
Isthmus, thyroid ima aery and inferior thyroid veins are midline structures and thus can be injured during tracheostomy, more so during emergency tracheostomy. Inferior thyroid aery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclan aery lies laterally away from midline, thus can escape injury. In emergency tracheostomy following structures can be damaged: - Isthmus - Inferior thyroid veins - Thyroid ima aery - Left brachio-cephalic vein, jugular venous arch - Pleura (especially infants) - Thymus - Esophagus (the trachea is small, mobile, and soft in infants damage the esophagus)
|
Anatomy
| null |
d8ac47c1-82ad-4087-9256-692b2075b8d5
|
The primary excretory organ for the local
anaesthetic and its metabolites is:
|
Lungs
|
Kidneys
|
Rectum
|
Skin
| 1b
|
single
| null |
Surgery
| null |
c0ee9858-9837-4d26-9ab8-fbb75e0e5fd4
|
A case of murder with gunshot is reported. A metal bullet is recovered from the body. Primary and Secondary markings on a metal bullet can be used for
|
Identification of weapon
|
To know the range of firing
|
Severity of tissue damage
|
To know time of crime
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans is 'a' i.e. Identification of weapon "Primary and secondary marks on the surface of the bullet helps in identification of the gun. Primary marks on the surface of the bullet tells about the 'make' or type of the gun used and the secondary marks which are due to some elevation or depression on the inner surface of the barrel of the gun will tell specifically about the particular gun which has been used when compared with similar markings of a bullet test-fired from the suspected gun. Investigation of Offences on Human Body by Apurba Nandy p48Two types of marks are seen on the surface of the bullet and help in identification of the firearm used.Primary markings (Class characteristics):In all rifled firearms, the bullet is slightly larger than the barrel, and as the bullet passes through the barrel, its sides are marked by the rifling of the barrel. These are k/a primary markings.Primary markings or Class characteristics include- caliber number of lands and grooves {these 2 terms used in describing the rifling found inside the barrel of a firearm. The word lands refers to the raised portion of the rifling, and the grooves refers to the lower portion of the rifling.) direction of the twist of rifling rate of twist of the rifling width of the land and groovesPrimary markings help in identifying the make and model of the firearm used.Secondary markings (individual or accidental characteristics):These markings are caused by irregularities on the inner surface of the barrel which are specific for that particular weapon. These irregularities are produced by the sticking of the particles of the bullet to the bore when shots are fired (this is k/a metallic fouling). Individual characteristics also result accidentally during the manufacturing process.Secondary markings help iii identifying the specific gun from which the bullet was fired.
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Misc.
|
b33aca63-309d-4307-85d4-23c53154b6c6
|
A neonate is suspected to be suffering from necrotizing entercolitis (NEC). On fuhur examination and investigation, he is diagnosed to be Bell&;s stage INEC. The management of choice would be
|
Laporotomy and proceed
|
Inseion of bilateral pelvic drains
|
Conservative management with IV fluids and antibiotics
|
Initial conservative management and laparotomy after 24 hours
| 2c
|
single
|
.Abdomen radiographs may show pneumatosis intestinalis,or free intraperitoneal air. management consists of agressive resuscitation and intravenous feeding.The optimal time for surgery is not in the acute phase as the baby can withstand the pressure of necrosis better than an adult,but not in the stress laprotomy. BAILEY AND LOVE&;S SHO PRACTICE OF SURGERY,PG NO:1200, 24th edition
|
Pediatrics
|
Gastrointestinal tract
|
4a5357b8-8df5-45c1-8cb4-6e137142e1d4
|
False statement regarding this condition:
|
Associated with HLA DR4, DR5, DQ3
|
Exclamation mark seen
|
Spares grey and white hairs
|
Itching and scaling seen
| 3d
|
multi
|
Ans. d. Itching and scaling seenAlopecia AreataInitial lesion is a circumscribed, totally bald, smooth patchExclamation mark hairs seenHLA DR4, DR5, DQ3 associatedSpares grey white hairs leading to "Going white/Turning grey overnight phenomenon"No itching or scaling
|
Skin
|
General
|
0ee78a3a-d3de-4a46-a51e-7846de72c2f3
|
An intrauterine pregnancy of approximately 10 weeks gestation is confirmed in a 30-year-old gravida 5, para 4 woman with an IUD in place. The patient expresses a strong desire for the pregnancy to be continued. On examination, the string of the IUD is noted to be protruding from the cervical os. The most appropriate course of action is to
|
Leave the IUD in place without any other treatment
|
Leave the IUD in place and continue prophylactic antibiotics throughout pregnancy
|
Remove the IUD immediately
|
Terminate the pregnancy because of the high risk of infection
| 2c
|
single
|
Although there is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, and a small risk of infection, an intrauterine pregnancy can occur and continue successfully to term with an IUD in place. However, if the patient wishes to keep the pregnancy and if the string is visible, the IUD should be removed in an attempt to reduce the risk of infection, abortion, or both. Although the incidence of ectopic pregnancies with an IUD was at one time thought to be increased, it is now recognized that in fact the overall incidence is unchanged. The apparent increase is the result of the dramatic decrease in intrauterine implantation without affecting ectopic implantation. Thus, while the overall probability of pregnancy is dramatically decreased, when a pregnancy does occur with an IUD in place, there is a higher probability that it will be an ectopic one. With this in mind, in the absence of signs and symptoms suggestive of an ectopic pregnancy, especially after ultrasound documentation of an intrauterine pregnancy, laparoscopy is not indicated. The incidence of heterotopic pregnancy, in which intrauterine and extrauterine implantation occur, is no higher than approximately 1 in 2500 pregnancies.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Contraceptives
|
750844cc-eade-459f-b269-81193564a3fa
|
CHF in an infant is characterized by all Except
|
Pedal edema
|
Tachypnea
|
Sweating
|
Poor weight gain
| 0a
|
multi
|
Congestive Cardiac Failure in InfantsSymptomsSignsFeeding difficulty.Takes less volume per feed.Diaphoretic while sucking.Forehead sweating.Suck-rest-suck cycle.Poor weight gain. Periorbital edema Clothes no longer fit.Increasing cloth sizeRapid breathing/nasal flaring/cyanosis/chest retractions.Tachycardia.Hepatomegaly. Occasionally Splenomegaly.Periorbital edemaEdema in flanks. Dependent edema (Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Paediatrics, 19thedition,pg no:1530)
|
Pathology
|
All India exam
|
0a757ece-728a-4805-93f6-789e7c68ae6e
|
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions can aid in diagnosis of all of the following viral infections except -
|
Adenovirus
|
Astrovirus
|
Rotavirus
|
Poliovirus
| 0a
|
multi
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adenovirus . Normally in transcription there is formation of RNA from DNA. Obviously, as the name suggests, reverse transcriptase will cause transcription in reverse fashion i.e synthesis of DNA from RNA. Then fresh RNA is formed from DNA. . Amongst the given options, only adenovirus is a DNA virus. All other are RNA viruses. . Reverse transcriptase induces formation of DNA from RNA. so it can be used in the diagnosis of RNA viruses only.
|
Microbiology
| null |
11f8c9e5-d8f3-4cc6-9e44-462166f67a47
|
Classical indications of gamma knife amongst the following is:
|
Glioblastoma
|
Arterio-venous malformation
|
Tuberculoma
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma
| 1b
|
single
|
Ans. B. Arterio- venous malformationThe classic indication of cobalt based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and Gamma knife are:* Arterio-venous malformation* Acoustic Schwannoma* Pituitary Adenoma* Meningioma* Trigeminal NeuralgiaGamma knife aims gamma radiation through a target point in the patient's brain. The patient wears a specialized helmet that is surgically fixed to the skull. An ablative dose of radiation is thereby sent through the tumor in one treatment session while surrounding brain tissues are relatively spared.NOTE: SRS has been used in the treatment of almost every intracranial lesion but is commonly used in the treatment of the above-mentioned conditions, (hence the answer is AV malformation and not glioblastoma)
|
Radiology
|
Miscellaneous
|
5337b65f-ab51-403a-a9f3-03999d836c40
|
Translation occurs in :
|
Ribosomes
|
Mitochondria
|
Nucleus
|
Cytoplasm
| 0a
|
single
|
A i.e. Ribosome
|
Biochemistry
| null |
a0498e4a-6040-483d-a4d8-e01e92fc2b56
|
Vocal cords are supplied by?
|
External laryngeal nerve
|
Internal laryngeal nerve
|
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
Vagus nerve
| 2c
|
single
|
Ans. c (Recurrent laryngeal nerve). (Ref. BD Chaurasia, Anatomy, 3rd vol., 3rd ed., 61)# The internal laryngeal nerve supplies the mucous membrane of larynx above the level of vocal folds.# The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies below the level of vocal cords.# When both recurrent laryngeal nerves are interrupted, vocal folds lie in cadaveric position and phonation is lost completely.# When only recurrent laryngeal is paralysed, opposite vocal cord compensates and phonation is possible.
|
Anatomy
|
Larynx
|
714a0a1b-9533-4d83-88f4-4118e9c29dec
|
Treatment of stage III carcinoma ovary: March 2013
|
Total hysterectomy
|
Total hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
|
Debulking surgery + removal of tumour
|
None of the above
| 2c
|
multi
|
Ans. C i.e. Debulking surgery + removal of tumour Advanced and inoperable cases (stage III, IV) will benefit from debulking surgery and removal of tumour. Postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy improve the survival and quality of life Ovarian tumours Meigs syndrome: - Ascites, - Hydrothorax (right side) and - Benign tumour of ovary (fibroma); Malignant ovarian tumour in included in: Pseudomeig syndrome Masculinizing ovarian tumours: Hilus cell tumour, - Seoli cell tumour, - Leydig cell tumour Feminizing cell tumour: - Theca cell tumour, - Granulosa cell tumour MC ovarian tumour (in < 20 years): Dysgerminoma Most radiosensitive ovarian tumour: Dysgerminoma Histological features of ovarian tumours Rokintansky bodies: Teratoma Schiller Duval bodies: Endodermal sinus tumour Reinkes crystal: Hilus cell tumour Call Exner bodies: Granulosa cell tumour Ovarian tumours and markers Placental alkaline phosphatase: Dysgerminoma LDH: Dysgerminoma Inhibin: Granulosa cell tumour CA 125: Ovarian tumours
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
162121d8-f1a4-457e-a049-296ed063b454
|
Frecieuncy of Rest tremor in Parkinson's disease is -
|
2/sec
|
14/sec
|
4-6/sec
|
8/sec
| 2c
|
single
| null |
Medicine
| null |
2a60aa57-2594-4fc1-85e3-10302e60b0f3
|
A 59 yr old man with severe myxomatous mitral regurgitation is asymptomatic,wi wia left ventricular ejection fraction of 45% and an endsystollic diameter index of 2.9cm/m2 . The most appropriate treatment is
|
Mitral valve repair or replacement
|
No treatment
|
ACE inhibitor therapy
|
Digoxin and diuretic therapy
| 0a
|
single
|
Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1545 Valve repair for ischemic MR is associated with lower periopera- tive moality rates but higher rates of recurrent MR over time. In patients with ischemic MR and significantly impaired LV systolic function (EF <30%), the risk of surgery is higher, recovery of LV per- formance is incomplete, and long-term survival is reduced.
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
b67745d5-7a39-4122-ab70-3d0f3617c81f
|
The marked structure on the X-ray is:
|
Nasopharynx
|
Ethmoidal air cells
|
Sphenoid sinus
|
Pituitary gland
| 2c
|
single
|
(c) Sphenoid sinus(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 4/3/2)Shown below are X-ray Waters view (occipitomental) with open mouth and X-ray Nose & PNS- lateral view. Note the highest sinus in the lateral view is the frontal sinus.
|
ENT
|
Congenital Lesions and Stridor
|
8fb45ac8-2422-4f07-b779-ae4cbd7f2fde
|
Ampicillin prophylaxis is given in -
|
Rectal surgery
|
Splenectomy
|
Head and neck surgery
|
Biliary surgery
| 0a
|
single
|
• Prophylactic antibiotics in biliary surgery are designed to reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infections.
• The efficacy of antibiotics in the prevention of wound infections has been demonstrated with first, second and third generation cephalosporins, ampicillin associated with clavulanate, ureido-penicillins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and quinolones.
|
Surgery
| null |
ff7e0e66-8b05-4023-9457-9f8e87437353
|
Acetyl coA can be directly converted to all except
|
Glucose
|
Fatty acids
|
Cholesterol
|
Ketone bodies
| 0a
|
multi
|
Acetyl-CoA may have following fates :-
Synthesis of fatty acids, ketone bodies, cholesterol and other steroids
Oxidation via TCA cycle
|
Biochemistry
| null |
4c127ccc-8109-4557-a78b-94e8496994ef
|
On mammogram all of the following are the features of a malignant tumor except
|
Spiculation
|
Microcalcification
|
Macrocalcification
|
Irregular mass
| 2c
|
multi
|
Mammographic features suggestive of breast cancer A solid mass with or without stellate features Asymmetric thickening of breast tissues Clustered microcalcification Presence of fine, stippled calcium in and around a suspicious lesion is suggestive of breast cancer and occurs in as many as 50% of nonpalpable cancers These microcalcifications are especially impoant sign of cancer in younger women, in whom it may be the only mammographic abnormality Ref:Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 828
|
Anatomy
|
Endocrinology and breast
|
e3453437-c20c-4c8b-8abc-bd75ef2c88fe
|
Drugs used for treating schizophrenia are chiefly: March 2010
|
Antimaniac
|
Antidepressant
|
Antihistaminics
|
Antipsychotic
| 3d
|
single
|
Ans. D: Antipsychotic Antipsychotics have been a mainstay of therapy for schizophrenia since the introduction of chlorpromazine in the mid-1950s, which revolutionized treatment. Atypical/second generation antipsychotic drugs, such as riseperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine. Aripiprazole, and ziprasidone, are more commonly used than the older typical/first generation antipsychotics such as trifluoperazine and haloperidol, in acute stages. Atypical antipsychotics are also useful when negative symptoms are prominent, e.g. in chronic schizophrenia.
|
Psychiatry
| null |
26324561-b7b1-47ed-b3fd-e2177f46b79f
|
Codex ali Men tarius is related to -
|
Water purity
|
Milk purity
|
Air pollution
|
Food stardardization
| 3d
|
single
|
Ans. is 'd i.e., Food standardization Food standards are :- i) Coder alimentarius ii) The Agmark standards iii) Bureau of Indian standards iv) ETA standards
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
ea33e1ef-f6e7-469f-ad56-721cb4122042
|
Most specific symptom of temporal aeritis?
|
Visual loss
|
Jaw claudication
|
Temporal headache
|
Polymyalgia rheumatica
| 1b
|
single
|
Giant cell aeritis ( temporal aeritis ) is a chronic vasculitis of large and medium vessel aeries, usually affecting the cranial branches of aeries arising from aoic arch. Jaw claudication is an underrepoed, yet, a very specific symptom of GCA, with a high positive predictive value. Ref : Harrison's Principles of Internal medicine, 21st edition , Page 2188; NEJM, May 5, 2016, 1794-1795.
|
Medicine
|
All India exam
|
1c0440a1-21e6-46d9-9222-24e2f10c00f8
|
Patient with pelvic fracture presents with anuria. After 24 hrs bladder is not palpable. Possible diagnosis includes:a) Bulbar urethral injuryb) Posterior urethral injuryc) Extraperitoneal rupture of bladderd) Intraperitoneal rupture of bladder
|
ab
|
bc
|
bd
|
cd
| 3d
|
single
|
The provided clues suggest rupture of the bladder, either intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal. The differentiation between the two could not be made on the basis of given clinical findings.
|
Surgery
| null |
3b9e386b-cd09-4856-ae80-5cbfcdb52e43
|
All of the following are true about anopheles type of mosquito Except –
|
Eggs are boat shaped and provided with lateral floats
|
Larvae rest parallel to water surface
|
Larvae have siphon tube
|
Pupae have broad and short siphon
| 2c
|
multi
| null |
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
1e0fd601-1244-41f0-ad21-b5db847bfaee
|
The following hemotoxylin and eosin stained biopsy is from which tissue?
|
Tonsils
|
Spleen
|
Lymph Node
|
Peyer's patches
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans- A Ref- medcell.med.yale.edu
|
Anatomy
|
Digestive System (Histology)
|
2f8ad044-5466-4599-8000-adfefe91c941
|
Which is most common site of Ca pancreas?
|
Head
|
Body
|
Tail
|
Neck
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans: a (Head) Ref: Robbins, 7th ed, p. 950Most commonly Ca pancreas arises from head.- Head-60%- Body - 15%- Tail - 5%- Diffusely involves the gland-20%Carcinoma of pancreas are usually hard, stellate, grey - white poorly defined masses.Two features are characteristic of pancreatic cancer.- Highly invasive.- It elicits an intense nonneoplastic host reaction composed of fibroblasts, lymphocytes & extracellular matrix.tdesmoplastic response)Trousseau sign - Migratory thrombophlebitis due to elaboration of platelet - aggregating factors & procoagulants from the tumor or its necrotic products.Common sites- Insulinoma - All over pancreas- Pseudocyst - Body & tail- VIPomas - Tail- Glucagonoma - Tail (> 1 million islets => max in tail)- Somatostatinoma - HeadMolecular cacrcinogenesisK- ras gene (chromosome 12p)- Most frequently altered oncogene in Ca pancreas,p 16 (chromosome 9p) - Most frequently inactivated tumour suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer.SMAD 4 (chromosome 18q) - Tumour suppressor gene is inactivated in 55% of pancreatic cancers.p53 - (chromosome 17p) - Inactivation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene is seen in 50 - 70% of pancreatic cancers.
|
Surgery
|
Pancreas
|
e39d86a9-0c04-4031-9c13-d483ee46ab30
|
The following are function of restriction endonuclease, EXCEPT:
|
Cut both the strands of double stranded DNA
|
The cut ends produced by restriction endonuclease are sticky
|
The cut ends produced by restriction endonuclease are blunt
|
It is non specific to base pairs
| 3d
|
multi
|
Restriction endonuclease are the enzymes that cut the double stranded DNA. It is highly specific, recognises 4 to 7 base pairs. Sticky ends used in chimeric and hybrid molecule preparation. Ref: Harper, 27th Edition, Page 403; Textbook of Biochemistry By DM Vasudevan, 4th Edition, Page 430.
|
Biochemistry
| null |
75bad0a2-425b-42ac-8325-1ddde1316ea5
|
Which ovarian tumor is likely to involve the opposite ovary by metastasis :
|
Granulosa cell tumor
|
Dysgerminoma
|
Gynandroblastoma
|
Endodermal sinus tumor
| 0a
|
single
|
Ans. is a i.e. Granulosa cell tumour "The metastasis of granulosa cell tumour is interesting because the opposite ovary first become involved, then metastasis develop in the lumber region, secondary deposits become scattered in the mesentery, the liver and mediastinum." Granulosa cell tumour and theca cell tumour are feminizing tumours that originate from sex cord stroma. Remember Both these tumors cause endometrial hyperplasia and so, risk of carcinoma endometrium is increased.deg Both these tumors can become luteinized to form a luteoma, they may then produce progesterone as well as oestrogen and conve the endometrium to a secretory one. Besides granulosa tumor complain other tumor which can show metastasis to opposite ovary is dysgerminoma but it is not very significant. Both these tumors can cause pseudomeig syndrome.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
feb69838-3165-446f-aa36-97887d37ddd2
|
Totipotency of embryonic stem cell is due to that they?
|
Can differentiate into all the tissues of embryonic or extraembryonic cell types.
|
Can differentiate into cells derived from any of the three germ layers.
|
Can differentiate only into cells of a closely related family
|
Can differentiate only in to one cell type
| 0a
|
multi
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Can differentiate into all the tissues of embryonic or extraembryonic cell types Stem cells base on their potency* Potency refers to ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized (mature) cell type:-A. Totipotent stem cells - These cells are produced from fertilization of sperm and ovum and cells that are produced by first few division after fertilization are also totipotent. These cell can differentiate into all the tissues of embryonic or extra embryonic cell types.B. Pluripotent stem cells - These are descendants of totipotent stem cells and can differentiate into cells derived from any of the three germ layers.C. Multipotent stem cells - These cells can differentiate only into cells of a closely related family, e.g. hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into RBC, WBC, platelets but not into other types.D. Unipotent stem cells - Can differentiate only in to one cell type (e.g. muscle stem cell), but have property of self-renewal which distinguiches them from non-stem cells.
|
Pathology
|
Misc.
|
5a8b5fad-89e1-4a79-b744-9ab9cb1ada98
|
A known case of chronic kidney disease stage 4 is on insulin therapy. What adjustment in insulin dosage is required?
|
Increase dose of insulin
|
Decrease dose of insulin
|
Variable
|
No alteration in dose
| 1b
|
single
|
Some of the insulin is cleared by the kidneys. No dose adjustment is required if GFR is more than 50 mL/min. If GFR is less than 50 mL/min, then insulin dose should be reduced. As in CKD stage 4 GFR is <15mL/min so the dose of insulin should be decreased.
|
Pharmacology
|
Pancreas
|
7d83846f-01b8-4880-9abb-e6babdd96fbf
|
All of the following drugs can result in amorphous whorl like corneal opacities except:
|
Amiodarone
|
Chloroquine
|
Indomethacin
|
Chlorpromazine
| 3d
|
multi
|
Ans. (D) Chlorpromazine (12th/e p1793; Khurana 5th/e p69; Parsons21stth/e p214, Clinical ocular Pharmacology/803)Amorphous whorl like corneal deposit suggests a case of cornea verticillata (or vortex keratopathy). It is seen in Fabry's disease and it may be drug induced.The whorl-like pattern shows the direction of migration of corneal epithelial cellsPhenothiazines like chlorpromazine and thioridazine are mainly associated with pigmentation of endothelium and descment's membrane.Drugs associated with whorl like corneal opacities are:AmiodaroneChloroquineHydroxychloroquineIndomethacinAtovaquoneTamoxifen
|
Pharmacology
|
Miscellaneous
|
c14a103f-3964-4d7b-b823-99f3b98ba3d7
|
In gram-negative septicemia, early findings before shock sets in is -
|
↑ Cardiac output,↑ Total peripheral resistance
|
↑ Cardiac output, ↓ Total peripheral resistance
|
↓Cardiac output, ↑ Total peripheral resistance
|
↓ Cardiac output, ↓ Total peripheral resistance
| 1b
|
single
|
Cardiac output and total peripheral resistance in septic shock
The decrease in peripheral resistance is the hallmark of early (hyperdynamic) stage of septic shock, this feature distinguishes it from other types of shock, e.g., hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock.
Decreased peripheral resistance leads to a compensatory increase in cardiac output thus the cardiac output is maintained or some time increased despite shock.
Decreased peripheral resistance and increased CO leads to increased blood flow and total oxygen delivery to the tissues.
But, still, the tissues lack O2 due to local microcirculatory changes produced as a result of sepsis which causes decrease tissue extraction of oxygen.
So, increased blood flow and cardiac output are still inadequate to meet the total metabolic needs of the tissue which are increased in sepsis.
As sepsis progresses, hypodynamic stage supervenes in which there is decreased Cardiac output and vasoconstriction (↑ peripheral resistance).
|
Pathology
| null |
dc575e8e-f543-4c13-9cdf-ab860fc7e284
|
The most common malignancy that produces ichthyosis?
|
Hodgkin's disease
|
Mycosis fungoides
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
Carcinoma breast
| 0a
|
single
|
.
|
Pathology
|
All India exam
|
96cfb8e6-45ed-441c-a1cc-4720f658da19
|
4 months old infant had respiratory distress.It was diagnosed as bronchiolitis. most common cause of this is
|
Measles
|
Respiratory syncytial virus
|
Influenza
|
Para Influenza virus
| 1b
|
single
|
RSV is the m/c cause of lower respiratory tract infection below 1 year.
|
Microbiology
| null |
1664176f-fc09-4483-a4a2-3e715325b73c
|
Suprabony pockets are also known as
|
Infrabony
|
Intra-alveolar
|
Subcrestal
|
Supracrestal/Supra-alveolar
| 3d
|
single
| null |
Dental
| null |
8ca5e6c5-ee3a-4269-8fb0-355890c9db35
|
Which of the following is not a phospholipid
|
Sphingomyelin
|
Cephalin
|
Cerebroside
|
Cardiolipin
| 2c
|
single
|
Cerebroside is a Glyolipid. It doesn't contain phosphate group.
|
Biochemistry
| null |
c7a1d2aa-a2ba-457b-9170-683239d8a819
|
Modified radical mastoidectomy is indicated in all except -
|
Safe CSOM
|
Unsafe CSOM with attticoantra! disease
|
Coalescent mastoiditis
|
Limited mastoid pathology
| 0a
|
multi
|
Ans- A in safe tympanoplasty is done
|
ENT
|
Diagnostic & Operative ENT
|
939f111c-41b6-42a5-9466-46403fd0440e
|
Most stable amino acid at physiological pH is
|
Histidine
|
Lysine
|
Arginine
|
Glycine
| 0a
|
single
|
Histidine plays unique roles in enzymatic catalysis. The pKa of its imidazole proton permits histidine to function at neutral pH as either a base or an acid catalyst without the need for any environmentally induced shift.
Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry 30 th edition page no 22
|
Biochemistry
| null |
ece094a3-fbc1-4aad-9ee1-91241d7c717b
|
Cyclosporine is used in the management of -
|
Disciform Keratitis
|
Anterior Iridocyclitis
|
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
|
Phacomorphic glaucoma
| 0a
|
single
|
Answer- A. Disciform KeratitisTopical steroids (Drugs of choice)Mydriatic - cycloplegics: Atropine (Drug of 2nd choice)NSAIDs
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
ae46b7c0-865e-4873-9b01-9b5fe96367ac
|
A 3 week old child presented to the pediatrician with meningitis. A presumptive diagnosis of late onset perinatal meningitis was made. The CSF culture was positive for gram positive bacilli. Which of the following characteristic of this bacteria would be helpful in differentiating it from other bacterial agents:-
|
Ability to grow on blood agar
|
Ability to produce catalase
|
Fermentative attack on sugars
|
Motility at 25 degree Celsius.
| 3d
|
single
|
L. monocytogenes is resposible for late onset perinatal meningitis. gram positive, non -spore forming rod tumbling motility at 22-28 degree Celsius but not at 37 degree Celsius- differentiates listeria from diphtheroids that are members of the normal microbiota of the skin.
|
Microbiology
|
Lab Investigations
|
4755533d-c8b5-4839-a546-f93f2713fcc5
|
Most vascular structure of eyeball is
|
Iris
|
Ciliary body
|
Choroid
|
Sclera
| 2c
|
multi
| null |
Ophthalmology
| null |
4847d9dd-8e53-40c0-8a7f-8dcedfbbb9d2
|
Vitamin not deficient in celiac disease is?
|
Vitamin D
|
Vitamin B 12
|
Folic acid
|
Vitamin A
| 2c
|
single
|
Folk acid REF: Sheila Crowe - 2010 page 384, Harrison 17th ed chapter 288 Vitamins deficient in celiac disease are: Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin K Vitamin B12
|
Surgery
| null |
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