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Multimodal Art Projection 267

http://ccris.org/agronomy/

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- Package of Production Technology through sowing time, ridge and flat sowing, plant density through plant spacing, fertilizer and irrigation requirements. - Cotton Seed Viability Test. - Comparison of Tillage Test. - Feasibility of inter-cropping, short season crops with cotton. - To increase soil productivity through crop rotation. - Collection of weeds and their control. - Meteorological data and its impact on cotton crop. For profitable returns, formulating the recommendations for optimum sowing time, plant spacing, irrigation and fertilizer doses and their time of application, removal of weeds, cultural practices etc. are important to work out. Findings are summarized as under: Sowing for lower Sindh should start from March to mid of April. In control part of Sindh, from mid-April to May. For upper part, from mid-May to mid-June. Spacing from plant to plant, 9 inches and apart 2.5 feet, may be kept. Optimum number of plants, 20,000 to 24,000 per acre. Fertilizer trial results suggested that one bag of DAP at sowing time, two bags of urea in three split doses i.e. ½ bag with 1st irrigation other ½ bag at second irrigation and remainder at peak following. For better moister retention, good germination and health growth, soaking dose with 2 irrigations may be applied. Cotton required 7 to 8 irrigations for obtaining high seed-cotton yields. Herbicides Dual Gold 960 EC and Stomp 330 EC as pre-emergence provide good Control of Weeds. 1st pick is preferable for seed purpose to provide good seed germination

agronomy

http://www.dixongolf.com/StaffPlayers/AmateurStaff/Wisconsin/tabid/461/Default.aspx

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Nemadji G.C. - Superior, WI "Going green will help everyone in the future. I'm doing my part in many ways. I walk to work,recycle, and make food choices that are green. Now green golf balls?! Exciting!" Spring Valley G.C. "My wife and I own 33 acres that we own and are removing invasive species like buckthorn and planting evergreens."

agronomy

http://flooringb.com/flooring-accessories/331.html

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Discover high-quality atonik hormon on Tradechina.com at reasonable prices. The agrochemicals are available as crystalline solid or liquid forms. The chemical structures of products are Gibberellic acid, Auxins, and so on. atonik hormon are useful in regulating the growth of agricultural produce. You can also use them for floriculture and horticulture. atonik hormon on Tradechina.com are highly pure chemicals. They are appropriate for cotton, peanuts, corn, fruit trees, and so on. The substances are useful even in smaller quantities for all crops. The growth agents can accelerate and decelerate plant growth to serve your unique purpose. The products can inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth, ensuring great flowering and fruition. They improve the quality of the overall yield. Also, the chemicals enhance the disease resistance ability of crops. They also attack the insects and mites for a better quality of produce. atonik hormon help in keeping the stems and leaves green, and retard aging in crops. The products are useful at all crop stages from germination to harvest. The products ensure you get your yield timely by controlling budding and flowering time. They promote fruits from maturity to ripening. The regulators are stable under natural light, heat, and an aqueous solution. Dilution ratio and other critical information are furnished on the packaging for effective results. The chemicals have a straightforward application. They need minimal workforce for application. Grab incredible atonik hormon deals on Tradechina.com at competitive rates. You will have the utmost satisfaction with your purchase from the comprehensive catalog at the site. Trusted sellers offer customized packaging and easy delivery options. Buy now and avail of exceptional products and services.

agronomy

https://www.plantbehavior.org/resources/

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Upon discovery that the Boquila trifoliolata is capable of flexible leaf mimicry, the question of the mechanism behind this ability has been unanswered. Here, we demonstrate that plant vision possibly via plant-specific ocelli is a plausible hypothesis. A simple experiment by placing an artificial vine model above the living plants has shown that these will attempt to mimic the artificial leaves. The experiment has been carried out with multiple plants, and each plant has shown attempts at mimicry. It was observed that mimic leaves showed altered leaf areas, perimeters, lengths, and widths compared to non-mimic leaves. We have calculated four morphometrical features and observed that mimic leaves showed higher aspect ratio and lower rectangularity and form factor compared to non-mimic leaves. Broadening the definition of a nervous system to better understand the evolution of plants and animals Sergio Miguel-Tomé & Rodolfo R. Llinás Most textbook definitions recognize only animals as having nervous systems. However, for the past couple decades, botanists have been meticulously studying long-distance signaling systems in plants, and some researchers have stated that plants have a simple nervous system. Thus, an academic conflict has emerged between those who defend and those who deny the existence of a nervous system in plants. This article analyses that debate, and we propose an alternative to answering yes or no: broadening the definition of a nervous system to include plants. We claim that a definition broader than the current one, which is based only on a phylogenetic viewpoint, would be helpful in obtaining a deeper understanding of how evolution has driven the features of signal generation, transmission and processing in multicellular beings. Autophagy is important for resetting memory of heat stress via control of heat shock proteins degradation. Autophagy mutants retain heat shock proteins longer and, therefore, display longer thermomemory. Stamen presentation in Nasa poissoniana (Loasaceae) flowers is based on previously experienced pollinator visitation intervals. Using the unique ability of fast and precise stamen movements in response to a previous experiences with pollinators. Flowers of Nasa poissoniana are able to perceive, record and memorize visitations and adjust their flower behavior based on previous experiences. In other words, flowers anticipate revisits of pollinators by learning from previously experienced visitation intervals. Maize plants can detect the presence of their neighbours and modify their growth behaviour. Above ground interactions between neighboring maize plants by brief light touches affect on below-ground root-root communication. This study urges re-interpretation of results in experiments in which plants are touched during the experiment. The ecological significance of the observed responses still needs to be Arabidopsis trichomes (hair cells) respond to mechanical stimuli by initiating potential signaling factors in themselves and in the neighboring cells. These vibrational responses of Arabidopsis trichomes support the hypothesis that trichomes respond acoustically to vibrations associated with feeding caterpillars. Trichomes have vibrational modes in the frequency range of the sounds of feeding caterpillars, encouraging further experimentation to determine whether trichomes serve as mechanical antennae. Arabidopsis plants have been reported recently to react to the sounds of caterpillars of Pieris rapae chewing on its leaves by promoting synthesis of toxins that can deter herbivory. Identifying leaf trichomes as acoustic antennae of plant cells suggests potential “ears” of Arabidopsis. A new study published in Annals of Botany has shown that plants react to anaesthetics in a similar way to animals and humans, suggesting plants are ideal objects for testing anaesthetics actions in future.When exposed to anaesthetics, a number of plants lost both their autonomous and touch-induced movements. Venus flytraps no longer generate electrical signals and their traps remain open when trigger hairs were touched, and growing pea tendrils stopped their autonomous movements and were immobilized in a curled shape. The results of this study suggest that the action of anaesthetic at cellular and organ levels are similar in plants and animals. Nectar robbing bumblebees are detered from visiting and feeding from Aconitum flowers via alkaloids which are more distasteful to nectar robbers than to pollinating honeybees. Obviously, plants can finely control behaviour of insects using mixtures of alkaloids and other non-nutrient compounds enriched within their nectar exudates. Plant microRNAs control honeybee caste development by preventing larval differentiation into queens and inducing formation of workers. Especially important in this respect is miRNA162a which targets genes of the TOR complex. Previously, dietary plant microRNAs were reported also in human blood but possible impacts on humans are still not clarified. Tomato plants attacked by small mottled willow moth caterpillars release chemicals with turn these caterpillars into cannibals. This plant induced caterpillar cannibalism benefit tomatoes in two different ways. Firstly, cannibalism directly reduces vegetarian caterpillar abundance. Secondly, cannibalistic caterpillars eat significantly less tomato leafs. Growing roots locate a water source by sensing the vibrations generated by water moving inside pipes, even in the absence of substrate moisture. When both moisture and acoustic cues were available, roots preferentially used moisture in the soil over acoustic vibrations, suggesting that acoustic gradients enable roots to broadly detect a water source at a distance, while moisture gradients help them to reach their target more accurately. Plants ‘see’ underground by channelling shoot-piped light to their root apices- These findings demonstrate that the underground roots directly sense stem-piped light to monitor the aboveground light environment during plant environmental adaptation. Piped shoot light influences gene expression in the roots by activating root phytochrome B. Stem-piped light also affects root gravitropism. Deceptive Plants are Folling Insects – Ceropegia Plants Mimic Attacked Honeybees to Attract Kleptoparasitic Flies for Pollination Ceropegia sandersonii plant controls female flies of the genus Desmometopa. Ceropegia plants mimics attacked honeybees to attract kleptoparasitic flies for their pollination. This study describes a new example of how plants fool and manipulate insects for their own benefits. This is new case of chemical mimicry whereby Ceropegia plants controls carnivorous Desmometopa flies. The paper, Plant Behavior by D. Liu, is in a special issue of CBE Life Sciences Education from Fall 2014 on Plant Biology. This is a great example of how biologists and educators are recognizing that plants teach important lessons in biological function! Boquila trifoliolata—a vine native to the area that the research pair has discovered, is able to mimic multiple hosts Boquila trifoliolata – a climbing vine plant native to Chile and Argentina mimics multiple hosts. The plasticity involves changes in shapes, sizes, and colors of Boquila trifoliolata leaves to mimic precisely leaves of host plants. “The Hidden Life of Trees: What They Feel, How They Communicate — Discoveries From a Secret World.” Peter Wohlleben’s best seller sold 320,000 copies in 2015 in Germany, and it’s English version in will be published in September 2016. The book covers trees as social beings, nursing sick neighbors, warning each other of danger by sending electrical signals across associated symbiotic fungal networks (“Wood Wide Web”); and, for reasons unknown, keeping the ancient stumps of long-felled companions alive for centuries by feeding them via these fungal networks. By applying a series of trigger-hair stimulations, the touch hormone jasmonic acid signaling pathway is activated already after the second stimulus. More than three APs are required to trigger an expression of genes encoding prey-degrading hydrolases. The motor cells that close the leafy trap when they received two signals within about 20 seconds. The trap is remembering the first signal for a 20 seconds, and then the first electrical pulse is forgotten, resetting the trapping process. (Böhm et al. Current Biology, Available online: 21 January 2016). Communication in Plants: Neuronal Aspects of Plant Life By Baluška F, Volkmann D, Mancuso S (eds) 2006 Springer Verlag Plant-Environment Interactions: From Sensory Plant Biology to Active Plant Behavior By Baluška F (ed) 2009 Springer Verlag Signaling and Communication in Plant Symbiosis By Baluška F, Perotto S (eds) 2011 Springer Verlag Plant Communication from Ecological Perspective By Baluška F, Ninkovic V (eds) 2011 Springer Verlag Long-Distance Systemic Signaling and Communication By Baluška F (ed) 2013 Springer Verlag Brilliant Green: The Surprising History and Science of Plant Intelligence by Stefano Mancuso and Alessandra Viola 2015 Island Press Plant Behaviour and Intelligence by Anthony Trewavas 2014 Oxford University Press What a Plant Knows: A Field Guide to the Senses by Daniel Chamovitz 2012 Scientific American/Farrar, Strauss and Giroux Alice in the Land of Plants: Biology of Plants and Their Importance for Planet Earth by Yiannis Manetas 2012 Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Biocommunication of Plants edited by Gunther Witzany and Frantisek Baluska 2012 Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Plant Electrophysiology: Signaling and Responses edited by Alexander G. This lecture examines how plants perceive and respond to other plants, how plant-plant interactions affect the growth and productivity of individual plants and the broader effects on plant communities. Plant-plant interactions can be competitive, such as competition for light and nutrients, but facilitation also occurs in plant communities. This lecture addresses the emerging understanding of the signals and cues that underpin plant-plant interactions, as well as how plants respond to those cues. Applications of this knowledge include mitigating the effects of invasive plants, and improving crop plant productivity by harnessing the power of plants to work with each other, and limiting their tendencies to act against each other.

agronomy

http://www.hannastables.com/sustainable-vertical-farming-techniques-in-belize/

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Note: This is a formal paper written on the sustainable integration of eco-farming. Sustainable Integrated Eco-Farm Increasing Yields per Acre by Growing Skyward The foremost example of a prolific ecology in terms of the products it contains is the densely populated tropical forest. The intensity of production is created in the use of the vertical growth area unlike the savanna, grasslands, or the commercial mono cropping of grains which can be classed as horizontal growth crops. And The variety of plant species that co-exist enhance the health of their neighbors. We can learn much by studying the use of the vertical growing terrain in terms of increasing yield of all nutrients per horizontal acre of land. The phrase “vertical farming” was coined by Gilbert Ellis Bailey in 1915:“Vertical Farming”… The farmer farms deeper and goes down (or up) to increase area, and to secure larger crops. Instead of spreading out over more land, he concentrates on less land and becomes an intensive rather than an extensive agriculturist. The farmer soon learns that it is more profitable to double the depth of his fertile land than to double the area of his holdings.” Vertical farming is based on the cultivation and harvesting of tree crops. The advantages of tree cropping are many. Trees are, in the main, perennials and therefore self-renewing. Once established, the crop tree requires maintenance as opposed to replanting each season as one does with horizontal crops such as grains. While pasture grass is certainly a perennial as well, the protein content is on the low side in comparison to most Crop trees. Many crop trees are legumes and therefore nitrogen fixing, recharging the soils as they produce their crops. When intercropped with pasture grass for example, the leguminous tree enhances the companion production of the grass by the addition of valued naturally-produced nitrogen by the legume to the grass, in turn naturally increasing the quality of the grass, without the addition of costly fertilizers. Another significant contributor to our goal of higher yield is the fact that leguminous trees typically are sources of highly concentrated proteins, packed with minerals and vitamins, desirable for animal concentrated feeds. The production of protein per acre is significantly increased with tree cropping in comparison to horizontal grain crops. For example, the leucoxene tree intercropped with pasture grass with rows 20 feet apart increases the protein yield of that acre by 58 % – 22% directly from the leucoxene tree and 7%to 8% from the grass. The intercropped tree greatly enhances the protein uptake and weight gain of cattle, whiles the feed cost is reduced over cattle fed grain.Another major advantage to tree cropping to those farming in The tropics are the drought tolerance of most tree crops. This is due to the large established root system as well as the genetic variety, most of which are indigenous to the tropics. Some tree crops can be farmed by mechanization. For example, Nicaragua has been row cropping moringa olefeira for some 15 years. They harvest with a sickle mower periodically and feed the fodder to dairy cows. The milk production was documented as having risen 43% to 65% since the introduction of the moringa to the feeding regime. Here in Belize there is a splendid example of intercropping and vertical farming, the result of many years of work at San Lorenzo Farms, Cayo District. First cleared in 1922 by Santiago Hanna, who later changed his surname to Juan when he immigrated so as to “fit in with the locals”; this 400-acre farm is a sustainable, integrated farming model that is Also superbly ecological. The acreage was assembled by the Hannas and designed originally as an integrated, vertically cropped landscape by the senior Mr. Juan and his sister, Salima.The tradition of this 80-year old eco-farm is carried on by his grandchildren. Santiago maintains the grasses and tree crops. Dominic works the dairy and cheese fabrication while Daniel is developing a dairy goatherd to be sustained on vertical crops. One of the amazing aspects of San Lorenzo is the preserved wildlife corridors interconnected with three reserves that exist alongside lush multi-cropped pastures, coffee, organic gardens and a magnificent reestablished selected forest of mature Guanacaste originally reforested by the senior Mr. Juan some 70 years ago. The Guanacaste grove hovers over the coffee plantation on the edge of the Mopan River and is one of the most elegant and beautiful stands of guanacaste seen in Belize. The pods of the guanacaste are edible to cattle and horses, and complement the dietary regimen during the dry season when grass growth is lowest. Many species of birds are supported in the wilderness areas. The reserves leading To the river’s edge provide cover for wildlife as well as respite for cattle. San Lorenzo’s ‘protein banks’ of bay cedar, moringa, and nacedero (origin: Columbia) are densely planted three feet on centers several rows deep on either side of meandering horse or foot paths, providing relaxing cool shade for trail rides from Hanna’s Stables to Xunantunich as well as easy access for harvesting leaves. The numerous protein banks on the farm are an intense production of high protein materials for Supplementing the feeding of dairy cows and horses. These supplements replace the need to horizontally farm grains such as corn and Milo. Hence the protein productivity of the acre is greatly enhanced by vertical cropping. Taiwan long-grass pastures are co-cropped with leguminous materials such as kudzu that both enhance the dietary structure of the pasture while nitrogen-enriching the soil. This co-cropping also significantly enhances the protein uptake of the forage. Crop rotation is regularly practiced among all of the paddocks, rotating potatoes, carrots, grasses, beans and other vegetables, balancing and replenishing soil Nutrients for highest quality of production from the paddock in each ensuing season. Fence boundaries are all lined with productive trees such moringa, leucaena and chaya as well as Norfolk pine for future timber. A chayamansa forest feeds the pigs. Chickens subsist on finely chopped mulberry, moringa and nacedero Without the use of any grain supplements and free range part of the day for high nutrient egg production. Maringa, high in calcium and protein, is now being row cropped for cutting to allow the expansion of the bovine and caprine dairy operations in the production of prime quality organic milk products. San Lorenzo uses no chemical pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers. The ecological balance is totally maintained by The intelligent and studied management of the farm and constant attention to the rebuilding of the soils. Four generations of farmers have succeeded in creating and maintaining a breathtaking masterwork of agricultural sustainability that is as beautiful as it is functional. Hanna’s San Lorenzo integrated eco-farm indeed serves us all as a working model for a sustainable, integrated farm that is also supremely ecological.

agronomy

http://www.mtlcollab.com/en/h-pd-63.html

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Main ingredient: N + P2O5 + k2O≥20% ,, biochemical fulvic acid ≥4%, the trace elements, the right amount of natural 5'-nucleotide (A), gold elements reflect the latest nutrition regulator fertilizer idea - set nutrition, stress tolerance and growth regulation as a whole Gold elements are based on plant nutrition, plant physiology principle to develop a new type of fertilizer, which combines nutrients, plant growth regulators, fertilizers absorb synergist as one, with plant nutrients can provide timely and effective function of regulating the growth of plants, is the most avant-garde, most scientific functional fertilizer. (Ii) gold-factor authentication scientific crop cultivation theory - balanced nutrition Gold elements rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, biochemical fulvic acid and trace elements (copper, iron, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum, etc.). Large number of elements, trace elements and growth regulators cooperate with each other to provide balanced nutrients for plant uptake, and regulating plant growth, improve the yield and quality of crops. (III), gold element provides a convenient nutritional science channel - direct foliar feeding Gold features three hours or so can be absorbed by plants, fertilizer plants and roots absorb the fastest to 72 hours, can quickly add nutrition, effective solution to many of the elements are fixed and the uneven distribution of soil problems. (A) Soil Phosphorus and Potassium activation (B) promote strong root Qi Miao Miao Zhuang (C) to add green leaf protection enhancements (Iv) protecting flower and fruit seeds fruit abundance (V) strong strain fitness to prevent premature aging (F) with less insecticide and fertilizer efficiency (Vii) high-yield disease resistance (Viii) increase yield significantly (Ix) improve the quality of efficiency increase (J) the green low-carbon safety

agronomy

https://losjardinesinstitute.org/about

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LJI’s Agriculture work seeks to support food justice in our communities by providing an outdoor agricultural classroom. The program provides a farm apprentice project, space for service learning, community gatherings, and educational activities. Volunteers at LJI enjoy organic vegetables for their families. The Agricultural programs seek to support traditional gardening/farming practices, small farmers, and provide good organic vegetables to our communities. The work of the founders of Los Jardines Institute spans over 70 years of social, environmental and economic justice organizing, education and building a multi-generational movement. We are a predominately volunteer-run organization that supports itself through our projects and grass roots fundraising. The purpose of Los Jardines Institute (The Gardens Institute) is to build and support healthy and sustainable communities and workplaces. We do this by creating opportunities that promote multi-generational learning, The Institute honors land-based and grassroots ways of knowing in the places where we live, work, play, pray, and go to school. Los Jardines is known for gatherings welcoming folks of all backgrounds and making space for community. We are happy to announce that we are open to hosting your next meeting or special event! Drop by and see if Los Jardines' indoor and outdoor spaces are a good fit.

agronomy

http://berkut.ca/books/costs-of-ammonia-abatement-and-the-climate-co-benefits

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By Stefan Reis, Clare Howard, Mark A. Sutton This booklet examines the prices excited by decreasing ammonia emissions from agricultural practices in addition to the capability merits for weather switch mitigation. It positive aspects contributions by means of specialists in agricultural creation approaches, manufacturers of agricultural gear and repair companies in addition to scientists who check the difficulty from an eu point of view. Coverage examines all agricultural creation levels ranging from animal feed and housing, together with the garage and alertness of liquid and sturdy manure and of mineral fertilizer. additionally, the booklet seems on the courting among ammonia keep watch over and greenhouse fuel emissions and info the profits (Greenhouse fuel and pollution Interactions and Synergies) version for estimating expenses and decreasing ammonia emissions from agriculture. Examples and case experiences from choose ecu international locations, together with Italy, Switzerland, Russia, eire, and Spain, offer readers with distinctive reviews of ammonia abatement expenses and the effectiveness of imposing keep an eye on measures lower than various stipulations. This e-book is the results of knowledgeable Workshop held lower than the auspices of the UNECE conference on Long-range Transboundary pollution (CLRTAP) and organised through the duty strength on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN). The findings of this workshop have knowledgeable the improvement of records helping the revision of the Gothenburg Protocol and supplied researchers and practitioners with very important new info. Bringing jointly a wealth of key details at the bills of ammonia abatement and the weather co-benefits, this monograph offers readers with deep perception into this complicated issue. Read or Download Costs of Ammonia Abatement and the Climate Co-Benefits PDF Similar climatology books The ongoing attack on weather technological know-how within the usa hasn't ever been extra competitive, extra blatant, or extra extensively publicized than with regards to the Hockey Stick graph -- a transparent and compelling visible presentation of medical info, prepare by way of Michael E. Mann and his colleagues, demonstrating that international temperatures have risen together with the rise in industrialization and using fossil fuels. the following was once an easy-to-understand graph that, in a look, posed a probability to significant company strength pursuits and people who do their political bidding. The stakes have been just too excessive to disregard the Hockey Stick -- and so started a continuing assault on a physique of technological know-how and at the investigators whose paintings shaped its clinical basis. The Hockey Stick completed prominence in a 2001 UN file on weather switch and quick grew to become a critical icon within the "climate wars. " the genuine factor hasn't ever been the graph's information yet relatively its implied chance to those that oppose governmental law and different restraints to guard the surroundings and planet. Mann, lead writer of the unique paper during which the Hockey Stick first seemed, stocks the tale of the technological know-how and politics in the back of this controversy. He unearths key figures within the oil and effort industries and the media frontgroups who do their bidding in occasionally slick, occasionally bare-knuckled methods. Mann concludes with the true tale of the 2009 "Climategate" scandal, during which weather scientists' emails have been hacked. this can be crucial analyzing for all who care approximately our planet's overall healthiness and our personal well-being. This ebook is a rebuttal of the typical trust that grave environmental effects are linked to the problems of world warming and nuclear risks. first of all, it truly is argued that once 25 years of study no-one has really came upon proof for greenhouse warming. as an alternative, the warmth has brought on the evaporation of ocean water to extend cloud insurance, reflecting extra sun away, cooling down the earth and nullifying the consequences of greenhouse warming. The quantity provides cutting edge methods to bettering power entry in underprivileged groups. A middle subject is using formerly underutilized or unrecognized assets that may be came across via synergies in provide and price innovation, novel financing tools, and using leapfrog applied sciences. Nationwide climate carrier Modernization Committee, fee on Engineering and Technical structures, department on Engineering and actual Sciences, nationwide learn Council - The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact - Physics of Space Storms: From the Solar Surface to the Earth - Frozen Earth: The Once and Future Story of Ice Ages - The Ozone Layer: A Philosophy of Science Perspective - Chemistry and radiation changes in the ozone layer Additional resources for Costs of Ammonia Abatement and the Climate Co-Benefits International Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists, Copenhagen, Denmark Jacobsen BH, Abildtrup J, Orum JE (2005b) Reducing nutrient losses in Europe and implications for farming – in the light of the water framework directive. 15th Congress of the International Farm Management Association, Campinas SP, Brazil Jensen LS, Schjoerring JK, van der Hoek K, Poulsen HD, Zevenbergen JF, Palie´re C (2011) Benefits of nitrogen for food fibre and industrial production. In: Sutton MA, Howard C, Erisman JW, Billen G, Bleeker A, Grenfelt P, van Grinsven H, Grizzetti B (eds) The European nitrogen assessment. Evidently, farmers will make additional costs when discussing the balances with other farmers and extension services. They have to meet and visit each other’s farms. Moreover, additional analyses and calculations at compartment levels (feed, 24 O. Oenema et al. animal, manure, land) may be needed, to identify the best options for improving the overall performance of the farms (Oenema et al. 2001; Rotz et al. 2005). This is key to N management; the activities must be seen within the context of improving the overall agronomic and environmental performances of the farms (as emphasized also in the definition of N management in the Introduction section). A benefit of about 1 euro per kg N. The effect of increasing the crop N yield and the N fertilizer value (at similar N input) depends on the value of the crop; the beneficial effect of the case examined in Fig. A1 is large, due to the assumed doubling in crop N yield; a net benefit > 1 euro per kg N. Decreasing the N input below the economically optimum N application progressively increases the cost of the N savings, through progressively declining crop N yields. This holds especially for high-value crops, such as vegetables, nursery trees, flowers. Costs of Ammonia Abatement and the Climate Co-Benefits by Stefan Reis, Clare Howard, Mark A. Sutton

agronomy

https://www.unitedheading.com/noah6s-led-grow-light-900w/

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New design adjustable full spectrum Noah6s led grow light 900W |Model No.||Noah6S||LED Qty.||6PCS COB 90W+72PCS 5W| |Power Consumption||515W||Beam Angle||90°| |Product Size(mm)||L660*W385*H118||Packaging Size(mm)||L800*W490*H220| |Lifespan||50,000h||Net Weight||11.4kg /pcs| |Lighting area||2.5m2||Gross Weight||15.0kg /pcs 1). 13 bands spectrum, 380-740nm for whole grow stages for plants. 2). COB + 90 degree big lens + 5W double chips fixture, strongest light and uniform distribution of the light. 3). 3 dimmers control 3 groups of colors, suitable for any stages of any plant growth. 4.90/120 degree removable optical lenses. 5.Thermal switches equipped , control the temperature and secure your house . Ideal for all phases of plant growth, and works well with water solution culture and soil culture. Can be used in house garden, pot culture, garden, sowing, breeding, farm, flower exhibition, bonsai, garden, green house, sowing,breeding, farm, greenhouse cultivation, water soluble breeding, greenhouse cultivation, pipeline cultivation and so on. 1.lndoor use only. 2.To avoid being damaged,do not use water or drip irrigation while using. 3.Sunshine lighting time should be 12-18 hours. 4.While irradiating the plants,the height of led grow lamp is not less than 10 inches, low height will cause the destruction of plants. 5.Highly hang the lamp will weaken the energy and affect the growth cycle of the plants, so the lamp should not be hung too high. 6.While taking care of the plants, please spray the leaves and branches 2-3 times everyday, to ensure the the plants do not wrinkle a wither, and have no phenomenon of few fruit, and 4. Don’t touch or move when the light working.

agronomy

http://landcareinternational.org/innovation-platforms/

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Towards Integrated Agricultural Research for Development through innovation platforms in Lake Kivu Agricultural productivity has stagnated due to reasons including inadequate returns from investment in agricultural research and development efforts. Although agricultural research has generated several kinds of technology with high potential, the impact of the technology on farmers’ productivity, livelihood quality of life has not matched its potential. The gap between knowledge and action is glaring. One of the root causes is the way research is being conducted mainly missing the input of non research sector. Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) presents an opportunity of addressing the problem capitalizing on bringing on board a whole range of stakeholders within an innovation system framework to catalyze transformation of agricultural research in SSA. IAR4D concept deviates from the traditional linear configuration of agricultural research development by encouraging the engagement of multi actors along a commodity or thematic value chain for the promotion of the process of innovation in the agricultural system. In IAR4D, innovation evolves through the interaction among players, utilization of feedback, analysis and incorporation of lessons learnt between processes. This framework creates a network that considers technical, social and institutional constraints in a environment that facilitates learning. Twelve (12) innovation platforms in three countries (4 per country) with diverse biophysical, socio-economic and political conditions have been facilitated to be established and functional . One of the major issues when working with a large group of partners with diverse backgrounds, experiences and skills is to develop a common understanding of basic concept and approach for implementation. Hence, a training module covering the concept and practical aspects of IAR4D to strengthen the capacity of all participating institutions to undertake the planned research was developed and used train partners. Training was later extended to all participating stakeholders in the Innovation Platforms (IPs). During the initial stages of implementation much of the focus was on establishing multi-institutional and multi-stakeholder alliances and partnerships. After several rounds of pre-operative consultations, broad guidelines and methodology to form and operate Innovation Platform (IPs) were developed and 12 innovation platforms were formed. All the IPs, through extensive discussion, debate and consultation have identified the major developmental challenges that agriculture in their location is facing with, institutions with a possible role in addressing the challenges, and potential solutions. They have also developed an action plan with well defined roles and responsibilities. The issues identified vary from location to location. Some of the issues identified include low and declining soil fertility, poor seed systems, certification of organic products, unstructured markets and limited access to new as well as existing market opportunities, poor implementation of policies, low/limited access to knowledge and exposure to new technologies. The project team facilitated the IP discussions around these topics and identified potential solutions with active participation of all stakeholders. The project team is closely working with partners in implementing the action plans and in providing the required technical backstopping through training, value chain analysis , and identifying new opportunities among others.

agronomy

http://www.tnledger.com/editorial/article.aspx?id=61094

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VOL. 36 | NO. 34 | Friday, August 24, 2012 Farm to School program gets local By Hollie Deese School lunches tend to get a bad rap. If the kids aren’t turning up their noses at the lunch lady’s special, those same lunch ladies are getting blasted by parents for serving food lacking in nutrition. Add the institutional nature of mass-produced food, and it’s no wonder sack lunches are so popular. The national Farm to School program may not be able to change the image of the lunch lady, but it is certainly trying to change the image of the lunch. The program connects schools with local farms, aiming to improve student nutrition while providing a healthy dose of agriculture education as well. “A lot of our produce is shipped from California and is having to travel across the country to get to our schools,” says Judi Adkins, who helps with the program in Clarksville-Montgomery County Schools. “The produce we serve from Farm to School is much fresher and of course, tastes better when it comes from our own backyard.” Schools in three Tennessee counties, Hancock, Hawkins, and Cocke began purchasing from local farmers in 2005. Knox County schools followed in the 2010-2011 school year, sourcing local produce to over 80 schools in the district. In 2010, Williamson County Schools partnered with local grower Delvin Farms to incorporate farm-fresh produce in menus at two pilot schools. “We started meeting with our producers and the Montgomery County Extension Agency in October of 2011, and met weekly through the early spring of 2012,” Adkins says. “We discussed the logistics of the program, what kinds of produce we would like to use in our schools that can be grown in our area. We established that a 250-mile radius would be considered local, with preference to Montgomery County.” The obvious bonus is supporting local and regional farmers. Since each Farm to School program is shaped by its unique community and region, the program changes to accommodate the area. But getting involved in the program takes some work for the farmers. The school systems, for example, require farmers to have $1 million in insurance. They also need to have their produce inspected by the Extension Agency and work toward GAP (Good Agriculture Practices) certification. “These two things were barriers for some farmers because of the expense,” Adkins says. “We had approximately 10 farmers that expressed interest, four that actually turned in a bid. We have received produce from two of these four farmers.” Karla Kean, the horticulture extension agent for Tennessee State University in Montgomery County, has been working with interested farmers to get them eligible to participate in the program. “Right now GAP certification is voluntary, but it is coming down the line to where it is going to be mandatory,” Kean says. “It depends who you are selling it to. Kroger, they are going to say your farms have to have GAP certification, and it can be very expensive. The farmers I am working with who have three acres, five acres, 10 acres, it is very expensive to spend $2,000 to get the certification.” She has worked with interested farmers to complete food-safety plans and implementation practices, and is currently trying to get an auditor to help with cost. “We also applied for a $100,000 grant to build a hydroponic greenhouse at Clarksville High School that will supply tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuce to Clarksville High and Ridgeview Middle,” she says. A final determination on that grant should come in October. “It will be run by the ag program as a business at Clarksville High and will be part of their curriculum and hands-on learning,” she says. “This will also be a learning tool for the business classes at the school. The produce will be sold to the cafeterias to help offset the costs incurred of growing the vegetable.” Adkins says 14 schools in the district volunteered for Farm to School last year, but all 36 are on board to serve fresh and local fruit and vegetables when they can. “The farmers call and let me know what they have to deliver and then deliver once a week to our central warehouse,” she says. “We then deliver to the schools as quickly as we can to insure they receive the freshest product possible.” Schools have so far this year received strawberries, tomatoes, yellow squash, zucchini squash, watermelon, cantaloupe, green peppers and fresh eggs. “The response has been great from our schools. They are very excited to receive the fresh items and share with the children that they are grown in Montgomery County,” Adkins says. “There’s nothing better than a Tennessee-grown tomato.”

agronomy

http://forums.rabbitrehome.org.uk/archive/index.php/t-51396.html

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View Full Version : Grazing grass 20-05-2005, 01:35 PM Our rabbits are in their run all day (with access to their hutch), so they have access to grass the whole time with a hay rack too. I have noticed that they go mad for strands of long grass that I hand feed them but don't seem fussed about the shorter grass they are standing on the whole time. Much as I love them, I can't sit there all day feeding them individual strands of grass and I don't think they eat that much hay. Any thoughts? 20-05-2005, 03:13 PM could you not move the hutch and run around the garden :wink: bunnies make excellent lawn mowers :wink: 8) :lol: If not, what about getting 2-4 large litter trays and putting some turf in them :wink: you can rotate them so your buns get some really nice long grass in there runs for them to chomp on :D the turf trays can be left outside and put to one side while they grow, but would recommend regular watering during the summer months :wink: 20-05-2005, 09:34 PM Bunnies can be funny things :lol: I have deliberately left one corner of my garden with long grass, but will my 4 darlings eat it? Will they eckers like, that's for playing in :lol: They love to eat the shortest grass possible and dig at the roots!! My lot have free range around the garden when I'm in but when I am at work they spend time in their large run and I have to trim this grass as they wont eat it :lol: Mum to Harry, Marmalade, Smudge and Treacle 20-05-2005, 09:42 PM Different grass tastes different. Things like type, amount of sun, quality of that patch of soil, new/old growth etc. can all change the flavour. Of course everything tastes better hand fed too ;) 20-05-2005, 09:47 PM My three buns used to be on grass and never touched it, but we pick them a giant handfull each just before bed and they wolf it down fussy buns eh? :lol: Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.2 Copyright © 2017 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.

agronomy

https://www.mysmallworld.co.uk/products/my-vegetable-patch-kit

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When I was younger I always wanted to grow my own veg like my Nana did in her garden. Well now, the perfect vegetable patch kit has arrived for any child who wants to grow their own veg for dinner. The gift packaged set comes with three 8x9cm pots each with their own seed packet. There's a choice of radish, lettuce and carrots, all of which can be simply popped into the pot with the dry soil that's included, add water and presto! you're growing your veg. Stick the pots on the windowsill and your children can watch the seeds grow in front of their eyes. Even for the children with little patience, this is a perfect set as the seeds grow incredibly fast meaning there's no waiting around for month, and let's face it, nothing tastes better than the food you've grown yourself.

agronomy

https://agclimatealliance.com/2021/11/01/comments-on-usdas-csaf-partnership-initiative/

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The Food and Agriculture Climate Alliance (FACA) welcomes the opportunity to comment on USDA’s Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry (CSAF) Partnership Initiative. FACA consists of more than 80 organizations representing farmers, ranchers, forest owners, agribusinesses, manufacturers, the food and innovation sector, state governments, sportsmen and sportswomen, and environmental advocates. Our organizations have come together to develop and advance shared climate priorities. FACA supports innovative and voluntary solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase carbon sequestration and storage, build resilience to the changing climate, and drive sustainability across the supply chain. We are pleased to see USDA embracing an incentive-based approach to advance the voluntary deployment of climate-smart practices on working lands. The newly announced CSAF Partnership Initiative can, if implemented carefully and thoughtfully, unlock new markets and increase demand for commodities produced using CSAF practices while building confidence in their climate benefits. Our organizations believe voluntary carbon markets should be available and accessible to all producers and landowners despite regional differences, crop and production types, total acreage under crop production, farm and forest size, race, or gender. In April, FACA submitted to USDA recommendations around a new pilot program to scale CSAF practices, remove barriers to adoption, develop consistent and credible criteria for carbon accounting, and ensure equitable opportunities for participation. When developing the CSAF Partnership Initiative, USDA should include key requirements to ensure the pilots will reach a wide range of producers and landowners, recognize crop diversity, and go far in reducing barriers to future participation in voluntary markets. Specifically, FACA recommends USDA avoid burdensome application and eligibility requirements in order to expand program delivery to producers who may not have the technical capability to apply. Additionally, the pilot project applications should include a plan for engaging and enrolling Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and small farmers, ranchers, and forest owners in the project as well as resources dedicated to supporting their participation. FACA also encourages USDA to develop meaningful opportunities for early adopters of CSAF practices to recognize their contributions and support the advancement of their work. FACA has endorsed a one-time payment to early adopters, contingent upon participation in a new, USDA-approved incentive program (such as the CSAF Partnership Initiative) or an existing conservation program. FACA supports USDA’s efforts to establish a CSAF Partnership Initiative and believes it is a critical step in increasing CSAF practices among all producers who choose to implement them. We stand ready to work with USDA as this Initiative is enacted.

agronomy

https://houseplantscorner.com/plant-facts/plants-grow-without-sunlight/

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Hey plant fans! We’re all familiar with the fact that plants need sunlight to survive. You’ve heard it since you were a little child everywhere, some of us even did cool little projects in school that proves it. Most of us can even remember the basics of how a plant survives and why it needs sunlight in order to do so. But is it true? Can plants grow without sunlight? No, plants can’t grow without sunlight in nature. Although plants can survive for short periods of time without sunlight, they can’t grow without it. The cell of the plant needs light in order to do photosynthesis and get the energy required to grow. However, you could replace sunlight with artificial light. One other rare exception are parasitic plants, which take their energy from other living plants, thus not requiring light at all. A little known fact is that if the plant is green it needs sunlight or replacement artificial light in order to survive and grow. Most often we associate the light that plants need to survive with the Sun but this is not necessarily true. It isn’t that simple either, so let’s take a closer look at this subject: Photosynthesis. If it’s one word that unites all non-plant people with the rest of us, it’s photosynthesis. We’ve all heard it, learned about it, studied about it, but what’s the big deal? Well, it’s the magical process through which your plants eat. The reason why it’s so magical is that plants are autotrophs, which is a fancy word for how they prepare their own food from scratch before eating it. What is photosynthesis and why does it need sunlight? Plants take carbon dioxide from the air, water from the roots and use light as the fuel to create glucose, sugar if you will and also produce as waste that thing we all love called oxygen. That’s one of the big reasons why plants are not only important, but necessary to life itself. So we all breathe plant poop. But it gets even more interesting. Have you ever heard that sunlight is actually composed of different colors? Well, plants contain a molecule called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is responsible for absorbing light. More precisely, chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light, and reflects green light back. The magical rule here is that if the plant is green, it needs light in order to feed itself and survive. This entire process we talked about happens in the leaves which is also the part of the plant that is always green. Flowers don’t usually have the color green, which means they don’t have chlorophyll and so they serve another purpose. I am sure that you might have noticed how leaves are flat but wide. They usually have a plate-like shape and the reason for that is the more surface area they have the more amount of sunlight they can absorb. They also have small veins that are used for transporting water and minerals. Besides the whole process being complete and independent of anything else, the cool thing about this whole process is that the waste product from photosynthesis is oxygen. So, in one way the thing that we breathe and it’s essential for you and me being here is plant poop. Plants also do cellular respiration, a process in which they take in oxygen. This is what created the myth that plants can kill you at night. And now you know the reason why I’m obsessed with plants, how can you not? How Long Can A Plant Survive Without Sunlight? We will ignore artificial light for this one and only talk about natural light sources, more specifically sunlight. But first, let’s talk about it about what sunlight really means. When someone asks me how much sunlight a plant needs, what they usually mean is how much direct sunlight they actually need. The mind instantly goes to a ray of sunlight shining through the window. If a plant is not sitting in direct sunlight it doesn’t mean it’s not getting any sunlight. Let’s do this thought experiment, you move your plant from the window and put it in a dark corner of your room. You will still see the plant which means photons are bouncing around the room hitting your eye, but they are also hitting the plant, that’s why you can see it. The plant still makes use of that, it’s not as rich as direct sunlight is, but it’s still a light source and plants are really good at taking advantage of any light sources. How good a plant is at taking advantage of light sources really depends on the species of the plant and the need they have for it, as we know there are hundreds of thousands of species of plants coming from all corners of the world. There are plants that grow in the desert or in areas that get 12 hours of direct sunlight and as such they are really dependent on getting as much direct sunlight as possible. Others have adapted very well to live in really low-light conditions. If you think of tall and thick rainforests, there is barely any light reaching the ground and such plants have adapted to live and thrive in high humidity and low light. Because some plants naturally need more light and others less, your houseplant can live for the rest of its life pretty happily in a dark corner or in a bathroom with no windows, or it can die pretty quickly in such conditions. In order to understand how much sunlight a plant needs we use illuminance or lux, which is a unit used to measure the light intensity hitting a surface. To really understand lux in the real world here are a few examples that anyone can understand: |Clear night sky |0.2 - 0.5 |Standard living room lights |Sunrise or sunset |300 - 500 |Overcast day / Studio lighting |Full daylight, not direct Sun |10,000 - 25,000 |32,000 - 100,000 As you can see there can be a massive difference between the amount of sunlight your house plant gets In the living room and if it were to be outside in direct sunlight. Having a way to accurately measure the amount of light your plants are getting will help you go a long way in growing healthier plants. In order to do that you will need a Lux metre. Lux meters can be expensive and not that accurate, so be careful what you purchase and do proper research. With the information above, we can split plants into three main categories based on how much sunlight they need: 1. Low-light plants (500 – 2.500 lux/day) These are usually plants that have adapted to low light conditions and can survive with as low as 50 lux/day, but they need a bit more to thrive. Commonly, they tend to be tropical plants that enjoy humid environments, although not necessarily. A Snake Plant is a good example of a low light low humidity plant. In fact, many of these plants will get leaf burns from direct sunlight. A good way to spot them is by their abundant green leaves, and the fact that they don’t flower as much or as spectacularly as other plants. They follow the green rule, the more green leaves they have the more they can get the advantage of low light conditions. A few examples in no particular order: - Chinese evergreen - Spider plant - Snake plant 2. Medium-light plants (2.500 – 20.000 lux/day) Medium-light plants can survive as low as 250, but they need more than that to thrive and flower. Medium-light plants are actually great recommendations for beginners. They are usually in line with the classic stereotype of plants. You give them some water and some sun and just watch them grow. They also flower pretty nicely and give you a splash of color, keeping beginners a bit more engaged. As a rule of thumb, these plants like it medium on everything. They also tend to like moderate temperatures and relatively moist soil. Because they don’t like any extremes, you can place these plants 5 feet or more away from a sunny window. A few examples: - African violet - Dumb cane - Kentia palm 3. Bright light plants (20.000 – 100.000 lux/day) These plants need at least 2000 lux/day to survive and much more to thrive and flower. More often than not, these are plants that evolved in the desert or in conditions where they get constant direct sunlight. As a consequence they generally prefer drier conditions, so they are used with their soil being drier. They should be placed at the window or in any place that receives a fair amount of direct sunlight at least five hours a day. A few examples: - A lot of cactus species - Other succulents - Jade plant - Areca palm So can plants grow without sunlight? Technically not, although there is a way around it. Then, how long can any plant type survive without sunlight? take a look at the table below. |Survival period with no sunlight ( ~0 lux/day) |Low light plants |500 - 2,500 |14 - 20 days |Medium light plants |2,500 - 20,000 |10 - 14 days |Bright light plants |20,000 - 100,000 |4 - 10 days, except hibernating cacti Can Plants Grow Without Sunlight? (Science Experiment) How can we test this? I suggest you make the following experiment that some of you might be familiar with from school. It is also called the closet experiment: - Take a notebook and pen if you want to document the stages and when they happen. - Take one potted houseplant. Keep it classic, a medium-light green leaves houseplant. - Put the house plant in a dark closet with enough space. You can keep watering it as this is a no sunlight experiment. It will give even faster results if you give it water but it has no fuel to do something with the water. I don’t want you to kill your favourite houseplant, so let me walk you through the next stages of the experiment and what will happen: Phase 1 – Pale leaves They can’t produce enough chlorophyll anymore, which is also what gives leaves their green pigment. As a consequence, they lose the green color and the ability to use sunlight as energy at the same time. The leaves will take a yellow color and fall off. Phase 2 – Leggy plant You might have heard the term leggy plant. This is an amazing phenomenon where if the plant is not getting enough sunlight it grows trying to reach more sunlight. As a result, it becomes overly long and topples over. Phase 3 – Death I think the name of this phase tells you all you need to know. There are some plants in the plant world that we did not mention here, and they are the only plants that can live without sunlight or artificial light, parasitic plants. Parasitic plants, black sheep of the family There are some plants that can grow without sunlight, they don’t even need artificial light, and they are really creepy. Parasitic plants rely on stealing energy from a host in order to survive, like a plant vampire. Some plants can even do both photosynthesis and stealing of energy from the host. They are hybrids, like the Mistletoe. Because they don’t rely on having leaves, they don’t have the color green, which results in alien and odd-looking plants. Some of them are spectacular, they can have ghostly shades of color and look like small flowers growing from the ground, like this beautiful Indian pipe. If you are interested in parasitic plants and want a more in-depth guide on them, click here to check out this introduction into their world. Can You Grow Plants Using Artificial Light? The short answer is yes, plants can survive and even thrive on artificial light, notice how when I explain photosynthesis I didn’t specifically refer to sunlight. The only reason plants grow without sunlight is that we used this big brain of ours and discovered artificial light. That’s how we learn from the textbooks because that’s how plants evolved, but the molecule responsible for the process doesn’t care about where the light comes from as long as it is yummy. What yummy means for your houseplant is a light source that has the wavelengths it needs in order to use it as fuel. Remember how Einstein, that small dude with a big brain said that light can come in waves too? Well, turns out that that’s important plant information. The tricky part here is that the sun provides the full light spectrum and plants really need that during their different growth stages. That’s where the term growth light comes from, and they aim to complete or provide the full light spectrum your plants need to thrive. When it comes to the best growth lights, we can separate them in 3 main categories: 1. HPS lights or High-pressure sodium These are the most powerful but also the generally most expensive. If you just need a bit of light to grow a houseplant, I don’t recommend these, they are a bit of an overkill. However if you need a powerful, reliable growing lights they are very good. 2. Fluorescent lights As you can see they are cheaper and more practical, but not that safe and they tend not to work so well for beginners unless you know what you are buying. However, If you need light for a few houseplants, these are the best and I would highly recommend you this one: 3. LED lights They are somewhere in the middle as far as price goes. The price can also widely vary. A few years ago LED Grow lights where a luxury but now, it’s the safe choice. They are very safe and adaptable, but they tend to be less practical if you need a lot of power. That being said you can usually find what you need. I linked a very powerful example below, but you can find them much cheaper if you don’t need all that power: They are not the same quality, but all artificial light types can help you complement or replace natural light. Choosing between them can be tricky and save you a lot of money. All this talk about light could make us forget something really important, darkness or lack of light is just as important for plants. Another thing to always remember is that plants love darkness too. Similar to us they need a break where they just enjoy a good sleep, so giving your houseplant a break from feeding is really important. Plants are pretty cool and if we take care of them they will take care of us, even though that technically means us breathing more plant poop.

agronomy

https://it-talk.org/vietnam-to-strictly-handle-corruption-and-negativities-in-land-management-national/

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Vietnam to Strictly Handle Corruption and Negativities in Land Management | National Accordingly, the government requests relevant government departments and agencies to develop their own action plans to complete the land legislation system synchronously to improve the efficiency of land use and management. State revenues from land resources should be regulated for a more logical distribution among the regions of the country to create equal development. Stakeholder benefits should be balanced over time to convert land according to updated planning. In particular, the lives of people whose land is reclaimed must be guaranteed through a higher standard of living, more social protection for people under or below working age as well as for vulnerable people. The resolution of the National Assembly clearly states that favorable conditions must be created so that those who wish to convert their land for use can carry out investment projects according to the plan. It is possible to flexibly transform the crop and livestock structure in up to 300,000 ha of rice land without changing the quality or land use status of this area, so that, the if necessary, the land can be returned to rice cultivation. The conversion of rice land, especially wet rice cultivation, to non-agricultural or industrial land should be limited and strictly controlled. Regulations on land reclamation and clearing for socio-economic infrastructure growth need to be completed. Sufficient land resources must be created around these important facilities. Rural and urban residential areas should be adjusted for land use rights auctions to increase land resource revenue. Regulations on the transfer of land use rights also need to be finalized to ensure transparency and avoid loss of tax revenue. It is necessary to devise criteria, limits and regulations on the proportions of investment per unit area to ensure effective management and economical use of land resources. The government also requests that relevant government ministries and agencies focus on accelerating the digital transformation process so that by 2025, the national land database is complete, consistent and successfully integrated. Land management data should be updated at the plot level and then made public to the community and businesses. In order to cope with climate change and restore degraded lands, the Government requires more rational exploitation of unused lands, alluvial lands along rivers and seas for reforestation; green spaces should be extended in urban areas and industrial parks; whether natural or special use, protection forests must be carefully managed. Urban areas, industrial parks and export processing zones are encouraged to develop in the circular model to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and maintain sufficient land resources for inter-provincial processing and recycling plants garbage. When selecting land use projects in environmentally sensitive areas, it is essential to consider those that use advanced technologies that limit emissions and prevent land degradation, soil pollution. The government is also asking ministries and public bodies to strengthen their discipline when drawing up land use plans and land use planning. There must be close monitoring and strict management of land waste, delays in the use of allocated or leased land. All activities of land pollution or destruction, tax evasion in the transfer of land use rights, corruption and negativities in land management should be severely punished.

agronomy

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In dialect Crita means clay, a white clay of which the ancient ground of Cutrofiano’s countryside is made. A white and generous clay that for centuries has enhanced the land with a strong and lavish agriculture based on wheat and olive trees, and with ceramics made by masterly hands. Critabianca is a tribute to the Land of Salento, an ancient territory where History is slowly narrated and Nature is quietly revealed through light and beauty. The country house used to belong to Jean Goulart de Sauméry, regent of Castel del Monte during the Angioini period. It then became the summer country residence of rich middle-class families of the Bourbon 1700s, and in the late 1800s it became a farmhouse devoted to the production of tobacco…Critabianca is full of History. With the authenticity and simple elegance typical of country houses, Critabianca invites you to experience Salento’s charming lifestyle in the heart of Galatina’s countryside, among olive trees and prickly pears, where the sunlight and the white glare of lime plastered walls blend together.

agronomy

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Wow, May is almost passed. A lot has happened this month to get things rolling. The first 8 garden beds are ready for planting, with spinach already popping through. We’ll have spinach to sell at the first B&O Night Market on June 5th! Two pizza garden beds are planted. One with tomatoes, peppers, and basil. The other with tomatoes, peppers, and oregano. Be on the lookout for some exciting ideas around these pizza beds toward the end of summer. We’re always on the lookout for wood chips. If you know any tree services or have tree work done at your house. Send them down to the farm (200 Ridge Avenue, Youngstown, Ohio) Local Flavor Series Flannel Farms will be hosting the Mahoning County OSU Extension program on July 7th to discuss gardening, pests, and soils. Here is more information on that: http://bit.ly/1k7tI2a Landscaping or GardenScaping Do you need any landscaping plantings and mulch? Let us know! Since our production is still small, we’re looking for ways to supplement our income. If you’ve always wanted a garden, but don’t know where to begin, or just need a little help. We provide a variety of garden installation services for the Youngstown area. Do you Have a Garden or Garden Blog? We’re on the lookout to connect with garden or food blogs. If you have a garden and would like to be profiled on blog.flannelfarms.com let us know. We’d love to write about you and share the work you’re doing! There is a great gardening community on Instagram. If you’re on IG connect with me @AlexLipinsky

agronomy

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Checkout our Organic Fertilizing Options We currently carry an organic fertilizing line that provides beautiful results without harming the earth’s delicate ecosystem. North Country Organics, a Vermont based company, provides us with our all natural lawn care supplies. We recommend fertilizing your lawn and shrubs four times a year for optimal quality. Call or email us to switch over to an organic fertilization program today. Leave the chemicals in the past, and provide your land with the beneficial effects of organic fertilization. Maintaining a Healthy, Beautiful Lawn WEED CONTROL TIPS Crabgrass and Grassy Weeds germinate in the spring when the soil gets warm. Apply ‘Step 1’ during spring months for the best control. Watering lawn after application enhances control and feeding action. After applying, refer to the bag for seeding instructions. Broadleaf Weed Controls: Apply these products when weeds are actively growing throughout the year. Do not mow 2 days before or after application. Apply to moist grass. Do not water 1-2 days after application, and delay application if rainfall is expected within 24 hours. After applying the broadleaf weed controls, do not seed for 4 weeks. A total of one inch of water per week, including rainfall, is desirable. Watering deeply two or three times a week in the morning for thirty to forty minutes, if necessary, is most beneficial for your lawn. Avoid frequently watering for short periods of time. LAWN MOWING TIPS Do NOT mow your grass too short. A height of 2 ½ to 3 ½ inches works best for a healthy lawn. Raise the mowing height during summer months. Keep your mower blade sharp, so that you do not “shred” your grass. Do not mow wet grass. Do NOT cut more than 1/3 of the grass blade. Mow regularly, usually once a week. Clippings may be left on the lawn, provided they do not smother the grass. LIME and HOW IT AFFECTS pH Lawns grow best when pH levels are between 6 and 6.7. Take a soil test to determine pH level, or apply 50 pounds of lime per 1,000 square feet per year. You may apply lime at any time of the year and also while applying other lawn products, including our 100% liquid organic fertilizer, our humate, or our crabshell.

agronomy

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Situated on the volcanic hills of the Astroni nature reserve, in the historical Campi Flegrei area, the Moccia winery has been passionately dedicated to viticulture for over forty years. An accurate recovery plan, started in 1960 by the founder Gennaro Moccia, is carried on with equal enthusiasm by his son Raffaele. The careful selection of grapes, the very low yields per hectare, the late harvest, the marketing delayed by about a year after the harvest, guarantee the high quality of the final product, the result of a vinification carried out according to traditional methods. Agnanum’s Falanghina is a blend of native white grape varieties, 85% Falanghina and the remaining 15% consisting of Catalanesca, Moscato, Gelsomina, Caprettone and Biancolella. It has a luminous straw yellow colour, and floral and Mediterranean scents on the nose. In the mouth, it is fresh and characterised by a savouriness given by the volcanic soils, almost feeling of sulphur. A well managed balance that allows the wine to age for a long time. A wonderful experience. Falanghina IGT “Sabbia Vulcanica ” 2021 Agnanum |Falanghina 85%, Catalanesca, Moscato, Gelsomina, Caprettone e Biancolella 15% |Zona di Produzione |Temperatura di servizio

agronomy

https://petssafety.net/natures-marvel-bananas-sprouting-directly-from-the-tree-trunk/

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Nature has a way of surprising us with its endless variety and ingenuity. In a remarkable display of adaptation, banana trees have been observed sprouting their distinctive fruit clusters directly from their trunks. This extraordinary phenomenon challenges traditional ideas about plant growth and showcases the incredible resilience and diversity of life on our planet. In this article, we’ll delve into the intriguing concept of bananas sprouting from tree trunks and explore the botanical wonders that make this astonishing sight possible. The Unconventional Spectacle Banana trees, recognized for their tall, slender trunks and lush green foliage, are a common sight in tropical regions around the world. However, the image of bananas sprouting directly from the tree trunk might seem more at home in the realm of fiction than reality. Yet, this phenomenon has been documented, leaving botanists and enthusiasts alike in awe of nature’s creative prowess. Understanding the Process The traditional image of banana trees growing from a clump of underground rhizomes isn’t the only way these plants can reproduce. Some banana varieties possess a unique trait called “cauliflory,” which means that they can bear fruit directly from their trunks. This remarkable adaptation is observed in a specific type of banana called “cardaba” (Musa balbisiana) and is influenced by a combination of environmental factors and the plant’s genetic makeup. Cauliflory: A Botanical Marvel Cauliflory is not limited to bananas; it’s a phenomenon observed in various plant species across different habitats. In the case of bananas, cauliflory serves as an adaptive strategy that allows the plants to produce fruit in areas where pollinators might be scarce or where competition for sunlight is intense. By sprouting fruit clusters directly from the trunk, these plants can access sunlight more effectively and increase their chances of successful reproduction. The existence of bananas sprouting from tree trunks provides a fascinating perspective on the interconnectedness of plants and their environment. This adaptation underscores the versatility of plants in responding to environmental challenges and finding innovative ways to propagate. The diversity of strategies that plants employ to ensure their survival is a testament to the complexity of natural ecosystems. Discoveries like bananas sprouting from tree trunks fuel our curiosity and deepen our appreciation for the natural world. They remind us that even the most familiar plants can hold secrets that are waiting to be unveiled. These revelations encourage botanists, researchers, and enthusiasts to continue exploring and studying the intricate relationships between plants, their habitats, and the forces that shape their growth. The ability of certain banana species to sprout fruit directly from their trunks serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving biodiversity. Ecosystems host an astonishing array of adaptations and interactions, each contributing to the delicate balance of life on Earth. As we marvel at the ingenuity of cauliflory, we are inspired to protect the habitats that nurture these remarkable plant behaviors. The astounding sight of bananas sprouting directly from tree trunks challenges our understanding of plant growth and showcases the innovative strategies that nature employs to thrive in diverse environments. This botanical marvel, known as cauliflory, reminds us that the natural world is brimming with surprises waiting to be uncovered. As we continue to explore and appreciate these wonders, let us also strive to safeguard the habitats and ecosystems that sustain the rich tapestry of life on our planet.

agronomy

https://www.beckettcomics.com/2021/03/14/fertilizers-for-roses/

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Fertilizers for roses are essential in providing the appropriate nutrients for plants. Beginning with the planting process, get in the habit of feeding all backyard plants on a normal routine.After digging the hole for a new rose, combine in some very good fertilizer or potting soil with the soil. Then place the plant in the hole and proceed as with any newly planted flower. Water properly and watch your backyard flourish.In order to supply the appropriate mix of fertilizer you will first require to determine the soil’s pH. Roses prefer a pH of six.five to seven.. Most backyard supply stores will have low-cost check kits and can provide tips on testing and adjusting the soil. Add lime to soils with substantial acidity, and add sulphur to soils with a increased alkaline content.What is rose fertilizer?In basic terms, it is a mix of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Each plays a critical position nitrogen will encourage green development, phosphorous balances the pH, and potassium is valuable for building strong canes. Look for a stability of 10-15-ten when getting, and attempt to locate the slow-release sort. 2m x 3m gazebo If wanted, a homemade fertilizer can be substituted for industrial manufacturers. Always go through guidelines for use with commercial products.When to applyFertilizer should be applied several instances in the course of the growing season. The 1st application was produced at the time of planting. As quickly as the first foliage seems, mark the calendar for 2 weeks out and then fertilize. Plants soak up nutrients through the soil, so fertilizer ought to be placed at the base of the plant. Put two cups of feed about a foot away from the rose and then function into the soil with a tiny gardening fork. Add water to moisten.One more application ought to be made in the summer season when flowers are in full bloom. The addition of fertilizer will support with continued blooming and nourish an energetic plant. How often and how a lot will be determined by the kind of fertilizer being used. Liquid feeds are weaker and require much more regular usage. When utilizing liquids be sure not to get any on the leaves it will burn the foliage.The final fertilizing need to occur about six weeks prior to an anticipated frost. Roses end generating as cold climate approaches. Delicate foliage can be damaged by the cold so the purpose is to motivate the plant to ‘hibernate’. The older the plant, the hardier it is and as a result sustains significantly less damage from cold climate.By following these basic measures to fertilize your roses you will have thriving productive plants. The reward will be a existence time of blooms.

agronomy

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Many people want to become more self-sufficient but may not know how to get started. A half-hearted garden or a few chickens in the backyard can be a good introduction, but those who are more serious about self-sufficiency can turn to an unlikely combination. Goat farming and gardening go hand-in-hand, and the rewards include everything from a source of milk, cheese, and food to attentive, playful family pets. Getting started is easy and affordable, since all you need is a patch of land that you don't know what to do with. This website is dedicated to walking you through every aspect of raising goats and small-scale farming or gardening. What Is Goat Farming? Goat farming is the practice of raising goats for dairy, textile, or meat products. Humans have been raising goats for these purposes since 7000 BC, and today, more people drink goat milk than cow milk worldwide. Thanks to their small size, you don’t need a lot of space to raise goats. As many as eight animals can comfortably graze on an acre of land. For some, small-scale goat farming is an engaging, rewarding hobby with the benefit of producing some food and wool on the side. For more dedicated farmers, selling goat milk to larger manufacturers can be a viable source of income. What Is Small-Scale Farming? Small-scale farming or gardening refers to growing plants or crops on a small piece of land. Many homeowners already engage in a form of this with a backyard garden. Landowners can take this a step further by dedicating a portion of their land to gardening or row farming, saving themselves and their families hundreds of dollars on food that would normally be purchased. Whether it’s a mixture of salad vegetables or rows of potatoes, small-scale farming is a great way to help families, communities, and the environment. Why Do Both? A farm with both goats and crops is more sustainable in the long term. As goats graze in a pasture, their droppings help to fertilize and reinvigorate the soil. Goats also love variety in their food, and weeds make up some of their favorite selections. By alternating farm and grazing land, it's possible to keep up continuous production without ever depleting the resources available. Plus, farmers can enjoy the variety and stimulation that comes from raising both crops and livestock.

agronomy

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RBPL is India’s startup agriculture company, specializing in Hybrid Seeds for various crops. RBPL is an innovative and dynamic agricultural seeds company in India. We deliver high-quality hybrid vegetable seeds for the Indian commercial hybrid seeds online and offline market. Our pursuit of excellence backed by strong R & D has resulted in high-yielding seeds that have made the company the trusted partner for farmers for the last eight years. By unlocking the latent power of seeds through our ideas, innovation, and initiatives, we are driving unbounded growth for RBPL. The company is actively involved in quality management, research, processing, packing, and marketing of high-quality seeds. In agriculture and gardening, hybrid seeds are produced by cross-pollinated plants. Hybrid seed production is predominant in modern agriculture and home gardening. It is one of the main contributors to the dramatic rise in agricultural output during the last half of the 20th century. Open pollination and clonal propagation are the alternatives to hybridization. RBPL seeds improve yield by prompting early emergence, vigorous growth, and the highest quality output. It has research and development, and well-equipped laboratories for seed testing. RBPL’s seed production is carried out through contract farming under the supervision of our highly experienced breeders. BPL's Hybrid vegetable Seeds are supported by strong research and breeding programs under the guidance of experienced breeders to deliver the best-in-class hybrid seeds to farmers. Hybrid seeds are listed as F1 types, as opposed to open-pollinated (OP) types. Open-pollinated seeds result from a simple sharing of pollen between two parent plants. Hybrid seeds are available online and offline Often, varieties feature traits such as disease resistance, improved flavor and productivity, or early harvesting maturity, and so on. Number of seeds10+ the number of hectares3 500 Amount of workers236

agronomy

https://www.wineroom.gr/product/freestone-chardonnay-joseph-phelps/

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Sonoma Coast, U.S.A. Freestone Chardonnay, Joseph Phelps The 2015 Sonoma Coast growing season experienced dry, mild winter and spring temperatures similar to the prior three growing seasons. Bud break was 3-4 weeks earlier than normal, followed by an early period of bloom. May temperatures were cool, but August and September were consistently warm, creating conditions for one of the earliest harvests on record. The early growing season resulted in extremely small clusters and berries with intense flavor and tannin structure. The early harvest allowed our winemaking team the ability to capture the natural acidity in the fruit with ideal sugar accumulation.

agronomy

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At equilibrium, water potential inside and outside the cell will be equal b water will leave the cell because solute potential is higher. If a plant cell has a lower water potential than its surrounding environment, and if pressure is equal to zero continue reading osmosis lab example 2. Water diffuses by osmosis from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through the water potential gradient. Free biology coursework papers osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a place with a high water potential or high concentration of water to a low. Environment courses photo water, and other species the course list below is particularly inspired by two interdisciplinary mit programs. Get all the facts on ingredients, side effects & diurex water pills dosage energy water potential coursework storage represents a big opportunity for the smart. Joshua speiser of the american geophysical union shares a look back at how one society has taken action to preserve support and funding of science since the march. Transporting sap upwards becomes more difficult as the height of a plant increases and upwards transport of water by xylem is if the water potential of the. Some general risk assessment ideas in chemistry but it should give you some idea how to think on risk assessment for some coursework water supply or reagent. Year 11 biology coursework on the other hand, the osmotic potential of a cell is known as the water potential cell membranes are completely permeable to water. Water, milk, wine, clay, dyes, inks, paper and pharmaceu-ticals are good examples of useful colloidal systems zeta potential: a complete course in 5 minutes. J m davidson 1 the soil-water content in the root zone of an actively growing crop is contantly changing potential concept of soil water is'of primary. Seed water relations water time can be calculated from the amount of water potential potentials can be normalized on a common time course equivalent to that. Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane this is shown in the. I am doing as biology coursework and we are investigating water potential i have doen my experiment and dont know what to write in my conclusion my. Extracts from this document introduction biology coursework for this coursework i am going to be investigating the water potential of a potato. Nitrogen fertilizer use but it has a lower burn potential than other inorganics course managers must understand the product being used. Investigation 1 biology teacher support material water potential of potato and sweet potato the weighting method research question: how will the weight vary between. Investigate osmosis gcse biology osmosis coursework] 963 across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low. Professional water treatment training courses for boiler systems and cooling water systems the course closed circuit water systems, their design, potential. Investigation to determine the water potential of potato tuber cells as biology coursework aim: investigate and determine the water potential of potato tuber cells. Occur if plants and soil surfaces were never short of water thus, potential evapotranspiration is an index of the heat energy available to vaporize water. Potato cubes, carrot slices, distilled water, sugar water solutions, salt water solutions osmosis in carrots and potatoes author: judith s nuno. Methods of estimating potential and actual evaporation potential evaporation infiltrates to the ground water or is led to a water course. Water potential () water potential () is a measure of waters potential to do work in order to do work, an object must be able to apply enough force to another. The national database contains an inventory of water reuse facilities in the us and other relevant information water reuse: potential for expanding the nation's. The effect of sodium chloride on yeast cells quantitative task preparation water will diffuse out of the cell down the water potential gradient by osmosis. As they relate to water pollution control on construction sites course highlights ⇒to reduce potential. Video created by the university of chicago for the course global warming i: the science and modeling of climate change this unit we focus on the potential impacts. In this video paul andersen defines water potential and explains how it can be calculated in a simple system he explains how water can moved through. The largest water potential any volume of water can have, if only standard atmospheric which direction would the water move of course it.

agronomy

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Spring is a highly anticipated season! After months of dreary skies, cold days and nights and unpredictable weather, Spring is the beginning of something new. Although our winter was relatively mild, it's nice to know that warmer days are ahead of us. Stella was our late reminder that winter can be rough. For farmers a storm like Stella after a period of nice, warm, Spring-like weather can be worrisome. We all had our eyes on an early Spring and warm weather--so did area fruit trees! Each blossom of a fruit tree represents a future apple, peach or apricot etc this coming summer and fall. When trees get tricked into the tempting warm weather, their blossoms come out too soon and then get frosted (and can die) the next time the temperature drops. Many will rebound, but some will not. That represents a loss of crop and income for the farmer tending the trees. At the Country Barn Farm we were thankful to be able to get into the fields a little earlier this year. Farmer Jim began planting before Stella and was able to get some of our potato, onion and snap pea crop into the ground. Knowing it could get cold again, he planted everything under rows of plastic to keep the growing plants nice and warm. He updated us that the crops are doing well so far! We are looking forward to warmer days, to get more crops in the ground, and to put our winter jackets away. As we get closer to Spring-like weather, the Market & Greenhouse will be there to help you add color to your beds and get your own veggies in the ground. In the Market now we have seed potatoes and pansies--more to come, stay tuned!

agronomy

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Harvest of the Month Harvest of the Month is a school program that is a part of the Illinois Farm to School Network. It’s mission is to bring better food knowledge to Illinois’ students by incorporating nutrition, local food procurement, and/or a school garden into the schools curriculum. We created the look of the entire campaign from scratch (like a nice marinara). Incorporating a large number of illustrations and a earthy but young color palette, we were able to provide Harvest of the Month with the visual tools to keep kids engaged and excited about good food.

agronomy

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The Dutch Forestry Commission will upgrade the Malieveld in July and August 2018. The work should ensure that the field remains decent for events and demonstrations. The field has been damaged over the last few years and is no longer flat. Due to poor water drainage there are often enormous puddles left standing after a rain shower. During the project it will not be possible to use the Malieveld. The work will start on 4 July and will be ready at the beginning of September 2018. The field will be made flat again on the front section of the Malieveld seen from the Koningskade. The Forestry Commission will also sow new grass seed. This will take approximately 2 weeks and then the grass will need about 6 weeks to grow. A new drainage system will be constructed and the foundation will be reinforced on the back part of the field. Several parts of the grass field will also be reinforced. The path along the Koekamplaan will be paved so that it can withstand the volume of vehicular traffic. The work will be nearly ready at the beginning of September. July and August not on the Malieveld During the months of July and August you will not be able to go onto the Malieveld. Trucks will be delivering and removing equipment. The municipality does not expect the noise levels to be bothersome. The front section of the Malieveld will reopen at the beginning of September. Grass seed will just will just have been sown in the back section and will probably be open again at the beginning of October. Sustainable power supply The makeover is also a chance to make the power supply more sustainable for organisers of events and concerts in the future. Currently organisers often use diesel generators for their energy supply. These can be quite stinky and heavily polluting. The municipality would like to cut down on this. Organisers will therefore be able to tap into energy from the cable-wiring in the ground. Pipes will be buried in the ground for these cables along the borders of the entire Malieveld. The pipes can also be used for water and fibre optic cable, for example. The Forestry Commission would like to provide green energy in the future. Diesel generators will remain necessary for large-scale events, however.

agronomy

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Ethylenediamino-N, N'-bis(2-hydroxy-phenyl)acetic acid CAS No.: 16455-61-1 Molecular Formula: C18H16N2O6FeNa Molecular Weight: 435.2(396.40) EDDHA-FE6 is pure solid products in Deep brown powder powder, with different pH solution for yellow viscous not transparent liquid or transparent liquid bleeds shape. |PH value(1% solution)||7-9| |Appearance||Deep brown powder or micro-granules| EDDHA-FE6 is used as Ariculture and Garden,foliar & base Supplement Iron micronutrientto plant. EDDHA-FE6 is the source of Iron micronutrient for plant growth and without which the disorders like iron colorists occurs which results in reduction in yields.EDDHA-FE6 is a micro iron chelate and is developed for correction and prevention of iron deficiency in agricultural and horticultural crops,particularly in alkaline and calcareous soils. 225KG kraft bag , with neutral marks printed in the bag, or according to the customers’demand

agronomy

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On August 16, in the Shennong Organic Agriculture Science and Technology Sightseeing Park based in the village of Wangjia, Yafan Town, Wucheng District, nearly 300 mu of terraced upland rice was undulating in the sun. This sea of terraced rice will usher in a bumper harvest at the end of September. Shennong Organic Agricultural Science and Technology Sightseeing Park is an organic agricultural tourism industry project built on the basis of the government’s whole-region land consolidation project. At the same time, the sightseeing park is also a communal wealth base of “Zhijiang Concentric: Bawu Red Pomegranate” in Wucheng District, which is designed to promote the strategy of “agriculture + cultural tourism.” The integrated development of the health industry will continue and further drive the employment of rural surplus labor, increase the income of the village collective economy, and create a new model of community prosperity in the countryside. (Text by Yu Meina, photo by Wu Chaohong—Jinhua Daily, English text edited by Kendra Fiddler)

agronomy

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Fig (scientific name: Ficus moraceae) is a species of flowering plant from the Moraceae family. Archaeologists believes that fig is the first crop of human in more than 11400 years ago and it was the first grown fruit by human and cultivated 1000 years in Middle East before wheat, barley and legumes. Fig mentioned frequently in the Bible, the Koran and the Torah and also can be found in cultural and historical stories such as “Romelus and Remus” and it is said, as no cloth was invented in early years of the earth Adam and Eve used to cover their bodies with figs leaves. The home of fig is probably in ancient Persia, but today the fig is cultivated in western Asia and Asia Minor and Mediterranean. Fig occupies a high position among dry fruits and are edible either in fresh form or in different dried, preserved, as well as canned forms. Soft, sweet and pulpy, this delicious fruit promotes a good health and wholesome. The area under figs cultivation in the world is estimated to be 453,622 hectares with a total production of 1,183,248 tons fresh fig (FAO, 2009). The main three producers of figs in the world can be listed as Turkey, USA, and Iran . Area under figs cultivation in Iran in 2010 was 55,480 hectares with a total production of 162,699 tons of fresh fig (during normal rainfall). Our figs come from Estahban valley that located in the 777 km southeast of Iran. Estahban valley known as the greatest land in the world for producing dried figs by FAO. The area of fig orchards in Estahban was about 22,950 hectares in 2010 with a production of 17,000 tons of dry figs. As compared to the world, the Estahban constitute about 5.3 percent of the area and 6.5 percent of the world production of figs. The soil and climate in Estahban valley are ideal for growing figs. Fig thrive in valleys hot day summer sun without any irrigation. No chemical materials and hormones are used in growing this product, Consequently, the dried figs are organic and natural production. The main characteristic of Iranian figs can be identified as being dry, a bit hard and wrinkled. Iranian fig is variable in size and color. We at Pariz Nuts classified figs into two main groups, the open mouth (101) and the closed mouth and each type subdivided into three types as below. Dried Fig 101AAA This is the most exclusive and expensive type among all Iranian dried figs. The main characteristic of this type is the white color or slightly yellow. This type is big in size and majority of figs of this type are open mouth, which makes them easy to eat and chew. Dried Fig 101AA This is another type of Iranian dried figs, which also belongs to open mouth type. This type is smaller compared to 101AAA and more reasonable in price. This type is also white and yellow but the size of each fig is around 22mm with 15% of closed mouth. Dried Fig 101A Dried figs that belong to this grade have yellow and white color. The size of them is about 18 mm. About a half of the total amount has open mouth. Dried Fig AA Dried figs of this grade have light yellow and white color and the size of them is about 22 mm. Most percent of dried fig in this grade (about 90 percent) has close mouth. Dried Fig A This is the most favorable type for export, due to being competitive in price. This type of dried fig have some differences to other types. Dried Fig B This is the most reasonable and lowest quality in Iranian dried figs. The size of figs are around 14 mm and the color of this type is brown and gray. Pressed fig paste grade A This product is made by pressing wetted figs by machine and is available in 200gr, 250gr, 400 gr packs. The color of figs is white. Pressed fig paste grade B This product is made by pressing wetted figs by machine and is available in 200gr, 250gr, 400 gr packs. The color of figs is darker than the grade A.

agronomy

https://purplscientific.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/64000248706-what-other-industries-use-purpl-pro-

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Purpl PRO is geared specifically towards the cannabis industry. However, the near-infrared technology powering Purpl PRO is used in nearly all manufacturing industries, from big agriculture to pharmaceuticals to food & beverage. WHAT OTHER INDUSTRIES USE PURPL PRO? Print Created by: Matthias Sommer Modified on: Thu, 30 Jul, 2020 at 2:33 PM Did you find it helpful?Send feedback Sorry we couldn't be helpful. Help us improve this article with your feedback.

agronomy

http://myers8sushi.blogspot.com/2007/07/stop-presses-this-just-in.html

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Jenny stumbled across an article about the square watermelons. They are a specialty of Zentsuji on Shikoku Island in Western Japan. The watermelons were first grown thirty years ago. They are grown in special plastic containers. About 800 are grown and shipped across Japan during the month of July. Each Melon can sell for up to 25,000 Yen (approximately $250.00). They are used mainly for decoration as they are reported to be not so sweet.

agronomy

https://2ubii.com/watch/govt-gremlins-destroying-our-farms-amp-food-supplies-to-protect-us_RhMweQeY938JL6X.html

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Govt Gremlins: Destroying Our Farms & Food Supplies to “Protect” Us It’s like they’re reading Mao’s playbook for Cultural Revolution via starvation. The Great Shutdown is destroying our food production infrastructure, not just killing jobs & businesses. Farmers ordered to destroy milk by USDA; Fruit & fresh produce being plowed under; LA blocks restaurants from selling groceries. Watch uncensored: https://banned.video/watch?id=....5e863a0a7b18a3007f57 Tune in to the #DavidKnightShow LIVE M-F 8am-11am central at: https://banned.video Get Text Alerts! Text 'NEWS' to '33222' Text 'WINNING' to 33222' Text 'DAVIDKNIGHT' to '33222'

agronomy

https://media.dominos.com/stories/aft-bff/

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American Farmland Trust and the Brighter Future Fund Last month was National Farmer’s Day and to celebrate, Domino’s is proud to highlight our partnership with American Farmland Trust – an organization that focuses on the conservation and management of rural land, specifically through sustainable agriculture advocacy, education and assistance. Domino’s support of AFT goes toward the Brighter Future Fund which creates opportunities for underserved farmers and invests in the viability of their farms, ranches and urban gardens. This year, Dazmonique Carr, a local urban farmer in Detroit, MI, received a grant from the Brighter Future Fund. Domino’s team members got the amazing opportunity to volunteer at her farm, Deeply Rooted Gardens, and learn about the farms’ incredible impact on the local community. Watch this video to learn more about the importance of Domino’s partnership with American Farmland Trust and the Brighter Future Fund. For more information on this story, contact us.

agronomy

https://greenblades.com/lawn-aeration-when-and-how-to-aerate-lawn/

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Achieving gorgeous and vigorous grass growth is what we always want for our lawn. Paring some patience with just the right amount of knowledge in aerating would prove beneficial for each one of us. Who doesn’t want to be the envy of the neighborhood? To accomplish this goal, it’s important to know the steps on when and how to aerate your lawn. What is Lawn Aeration Before going deep, let’s talk first about what lawn aeration is. By definition, it is the means of ensuring that essential nutrients, air, and water can penetrate deep into the roots of the lawn’s grass. By doing that, your grass will have stronger roots which help them survive from stressful situations not limited to lawn diseases, drought, and low rainfall. Furthermore, it also alleviates the problem of soil compaction which is responsible for thinning out your turf, cutting off water and nutrients to the root system and could even eventually end the life of your lawn. How to Aerate Your Lawn Before you begin, there are three main types of aerating equipment that you should know – slicing aerators, spike aerators, and core aerators. Below, you’ll be able to understand what they are and how different they work: - Slicing aerators have sharp blades that cut through the grass, the thatch layer, and down into the soil. When aerating, you can see that they create pathways for nutrients, air, and water. - Spike aerators have spike-like tines (e.g. pitchfork) that can be used for poking and creating a hole down into the soil. - Core or plug aerators use hollow tines that scoop out plugs of soil from the lawn which are then left on top. The plugs of soil that were removed remain on the top of the lawn, eventually break down and are beneficial for lawn growth. Most landscaping and lawn care companies prefer using core or plug aerators as they are more used than the other two. It is not recommended to use spike aerators; aside from their inefficiency in being very difficult to cover a lot of ground, they also have a tendency to worsen your soil’s compaction on the areas surrounding the hole. To be the envy of the neighborhood, it’s crucial to aerate your lawn. Here are some lawn care tips that will help you do it. 1. Make sure your lawn is not too dry or too wet. It’s good practice to remember that. Aerating on dry soil will make it difficult for the aerator to create a hole. On the other hand, doing it on soil full of moisture will make the aerators unable to pull out the plugs. 2. Check and mark your lawn for dangerous objects to avoid when aerating (e.g. sprinkler heads, utility lines, etc.) 3. Core or plug aerating equipment usually isn’t very wide, so the amount of coverage per pass is fairly small. To maximize their efficiency, it is best to make multiple passes, and in differing directions (doing it perpendicularly) especially over areas that have severely compacted soil. 4. The plugs of soil that remain after aerating should be left alone on the lawn to break down and give nutrients back to the grass. 5. After aerating, continue doing your lawn maintenance through watering, mowing, and fertilizing. Water your aerated lawn every two to three days for the following few weeks. When to Aerate Your Lawn The best time to aerate your lawn is during your grass’s growing season. By doing that, it could recover quickly and fill in the holes that were created. Early spring or fall works best for cool-season grass. While late spring through early summer for warm-season grass. There are also different soil types. If your lawn consists of heavy clay soil, you’re gonna have to consider aerating annually. For healthy lawns or ones composed of sandy soil, you only have to aerate every other year. Lawn Aeration Service in Nampa, Idaho Aeration is an integral part for you to achieve a vigorous and beautiful looking lawn. It only needs to be done rarely but you need not to worry. Don’t hassle yourself in doing this strenuous task! Green Blades is particular in aerating your lawn. As landscaping professionals, we’ll make sure you’ll have that gorgeous lawn you’ve always been dreaming of! Know more by reaching us through our contact page. Aside from lawn aeration, we also offer other lawn care and landscaping services that you can avail of. Giving service in Nampa, Idaho for over 15 years and counting, we’ll always be eager to help you!

agronomy

https://delstreeservices.com/prepare-your-lawn-for-floridas-upcoming-winter/

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Prepare your Lawn for Florida’s Upcoming Winter As the calendar page turns, even the Sunshine State experiences its version of winter. While Florida’s winters are far milder than those in northern regions, they are not without their unique challenges for lawns and landscapes. Florida homeowners need to prepare their lawns to withstand the upcoming winter season as the days grow shorter and temperatures begin to dip. Winter lawn care in Florida isn’t about battling snow or enduring freezing temperatures. It’s about ensuring your lawn remains vibrant, healthy, and ready to thrive when the warmth of spring returns. Let’s explore the steps to prepare your Florida lawn for this year’s winter. Understanding the winter weather here is essential whether you’ve lived in Florida for a while or are new to the state. Use the correct lawn care methods to improve your landscape’s health and appearance. Beyond the DIY measures, Del’s Landscape and Tree Service is a company that’s been serving the landscaping needs of Florida residents for years. Del’s Landscape and Tree Service offers a wealth of expertise and services to ensure your lawn thrives throughout the winter season and beyond. So, let’s embark on a journey to equip your Florida lawn for the winter months. Let your yard remain a source of pride and beauty in your home’s landscape. 1. Mowing and Maintenance: - Adjust Mowing Height: Before winter sets in, adjust your lawn mower to raise the cutting height slightly. Taller grass blades provide better insulation and help protect the roots from colder temperatures. - Regular Maintenance: Continue regular lawn maintenance, including mowing, edging, and trimming. Keeping your lawn well-groomed helps prevent the buildup of leaves and debris that can smother grass. 2. Aerate the Soil: - Benefits of Aeration: Aerating your lawn is crucial in preparing it for winter. Aeration enhances nutrient, water, and air absorption into the root zone by creating small openings in the soil. This process alleviates soil compaction and improves root growth. It is essential for winter resilience. - Timing: It’s best to aerate your lawn in late fall or early winter when the grass is actively growing. This allows the roots to benefit from improved soil aeration before the colder months set in. - Cool-Season Grasses: In North Florida, winters can be much colder. Consider overseeding your lawn with cool-season grass varieties like ryegrass. These grasses remain green throughout the winter when warm-season grasses go dormant. Overseeding creates a vibrant and attractive lawn during the winter months. - Proper Seeding: Ensure even distribution of seeds across your lawn. Follow the recommended seeding rates and moisten the soil during germination for successful overseeding. - Winter Fertilizer: Applying a balanced, slow-release winter fertilizer with a higher potassium content is beneficial. Potassium promotes root growth and helps your lawn withstand cold temperatures and frost better. - Application Timing: Apply winter fertilizer in late fall. It ensures the grass has absorbed the nutrients it needs before winter dormancy begins. 5. Irrigation and Watering: - Adjust Watering Schedule: As winter approaches, reduce the frequency of watering. Lawns typically require less water in cooler weather. Overwatering during winter can lead to fungal issues, so be cautious not to saturate the soil excessively. - Morning Watering: If you continue to water during the winter, Water your lawn in the morning to give the grass blades ample time to dry before nightfall. The helps reduce the risk of fungal growth. 6. Pest and Weed Control: - Weed Control: Address any existing weed problems before winter. Competition for water and nutrients between weeds and grass is common. It may weaken your lawn. - Pest Management: Watch for lawn pests, such as grubs and armyworms. They can damage your lawn during the winter when grass growth is slower. - Preventive Measures: Consider applying a preventive pest control treatment in late summer or early fall to reduce the risk of infestations during winter. 7. Raking and Leaf Removal: - Remove Fallen Leaves: Regularly rake and remove fallen leaves from your lawn. Decomposing leaves can smother the grass and create an environment conducive to pests and diseases. - Mulch or Compost: Alternatively, you can use a mulching mower to chop leaves into smaller pieces. The shredded leaves can then be left on the lawn as a natural mulch that will break down over time, enriching the soil. 8. Tree and Shrub Care: - Prune and Trim: Trim back overhanging branches and shrubs that may shade your lawn excessively. Proper pruning ensures that your grass receives adequate sunlight during winter. It promotes healthy growth. - Mulching Around Trees: To retain soil moisture and shield their roots from cold temperatures, add a layer of mulch around shrubs and tree bases. 9. Soil Testing: - Importance of Soil Testing: Consider conducting a soil test to assess the pH and nutrient levels. Soil testing provides valuable insights into the specific needs of your lawn and guides your lawn care efforts. - Adjustments Based on Soil Test: Based on the soil test results, you can make informed decisions about soil amendments or pH adjustments, ensuring that your lawn receives the necessary nutrients to thrive during winter and beyond. 10. Professional Landscaping Services You can perform many of these tasks on your own. However, enlisting the expertise of a professional landscaping service like Del’s Landscape and Tree Service can be a game-changer for your lawn’s health and vitality. Del’s Landscape and Tree Service offers various services designed to keep your lawn in optimal condition year-round. Our professional team understands the unique requirements of Florida lawns during the winter season and can specialize in a maintenance plan to suit your specific needs. Preparing your Florida lawn for winter is essential to ensure it remains vibrant and healthy, ready to flourish when spring arrives. Understanding the unique climate challenges of your region, whether it’s the milder winters of South Florida or the occasional frost and freezing temperatures in North Florida, is the first step. From proper mowing and maintenance to aeration, overseeding, and fertilization, taking proactive steps can significantly improve your lawn’s winter resilience. Additionally, pest and weed control, attentive watering, and leaf removal are vital components of winter lawn care. Regular pruning and tree/shrub care can contribute to a thriving lawn. For those who seek professional guidance and services, Del’s Landscape and Tree Service is a trusted partner that can handle all your landscaping needs. With our expertise, you can enjoy a healthy and beautiful lawn throughout the winter and beyond. So, as you prepare your Florida lawn for the upcoming winter, remember that a little care now can result in a lush and resilient lawn that your neighbors will admire and envy when spring arrives.

agronomy

http://www.crossfitlimestone.com/our-friends/

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At CrossFit Limestone we're extremely fortunate to have some amazing community partners that help us bring the most value possible to our members. Check out our friends: The LiveWell Centre is Kingston’s multi-disciplined functional health and wellness clinic. Featuring chiropractic, physiotherapy, massage therapy, osteopathy, functional exercise, and nutritional programs to maximize your health and avoid injury. For more information, visit www.livewellcentre.com, or email us directly at [email protected]. Our high quality, delicious food comes from animals that enjoy the natural environment in which they live; roaming fields, eating grass. Animals on our farm move through a rotational grazing system which improves the health and sustainability of our pastures and ultimately the soil. Building healthy, lush pastures for our animals is a priority. When you buy from our farm you are making a commitment to supporting a way of farming that honours the animal and the earth as well as contributing to the sustainability of family farms, our community and the local food movement – which is great for farmers and great for consumers who are getting the healthiest, best tasting, freshest food directly from the source. For more information, visit www.mapleridge-farm.ca.

agronomy

http://west.supplysideshow.com/exhibitor-search.aspx?action=listing&li=181467

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At Monk Fruit Corp., monk fruit is all we do. We provide 70 percent of the world’s monk fruit supply. As a world leading monk fruit company, we are vertically integrated from seedling to sweetener, with the widest range and best quality monk fruit products on the market. We help food, beverage and supplement companies innovate or re-create products with significantly less sugar, a pure, sweet taste and better, cleaner labels. All from the goodness of fruit. When you are looking for a reliable source of monk fruit, trust the monk. 1226 American Way Contact: Paul Paslaski

agronomy

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myshsrank | December 15, 2020 | Crop Science is concerned with the application of biological, chemical and physical principles to crops and cropping systems for conversion into food, feed, pharmaceuticals and ornamental commodities. Crop Science examines agronomic crop plants, their growth habits and their genetic improvement. It also considers the techniques to enhance a plant’s ability to convert sunlight into usable energy, fight off diseases and insects, and produce crops that are economically and environmentally sustainable. In addition to teaching and research, specialists in Crop Science offer their expertise in agrochemical, seed, grain, nursery and food processing companies. Others work as private farmers or professional consultants. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES At the end of the programme, students are expected to: • Demonstrate an understanding of the biology of plants in their environment and the various functions of plants for people and animals, based on such knowledge as plant physiology, morphology and taxonomy, biochemistry, organic and physical chemistry, statistics, plant breeding and genetics. • Be able to apply the knowledge of the role of natural resources and environmental factors on plant and agro-system development for open and protected plant production systems. • Demonstrate appreciable knowledge of the importance of ensuring good environment, high food security (quality and quantity) and maintaining biodiversity. • Ability to work with and solve problems connected to crops, crop production, and environment. • Ability to collect data (simple measurements in field and laboratory), calculate (simple statistic analysis) and inform about the results. On a global scale, the production of adequate and accessible food is a considerable challenge. Aside cropping system and technology, environment and climate concerns also limit crop production in many areas. Research and innovation is therefore a constant area of focus in Crop Science. Recent innovations involve biotechnology and production of bio-fuels. Biotechnology is being used to manipulate the genetic material of plants and crops, attempting to make them more productive or resistant to disease. Bio-fuels are manufactured from agricultural derivatives such as turning crops into energy sources. A typical example is ethanol, produced from maize. Students are assessed through a combination of assignments, examinations and projects. Lectures, class discussion and practical tutorials. Career opportunities in Crop Science include the under listed: • Crop Breeder/Biochemist • Chemical/Fertiliser Specialist • Crop Production Specialists/ Manager • Crop Marketing Specialist/ Manager • Extension Agent • Seed Production Specialist/ Technologist • Weed Scientist Source: Johnny Doe

agronomy

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Annual Farm to Table Dinner August 28, 2021 Time & Location About The Event Join us for a farm-to-table dinner at Burroughs Family Farms. Come & dine with us on the farm and experience the pleasures of eating locally. Each course will be paired with Blaker Brewery beverages There will be live music... We will have a sampling of Burroughs Family Farms products as well. This will be a fun night filled with amazing farm fresh food, live music, and great conversations with the farmers and chef who contributed to the table that night. - Sold OutAdult Farm to Table Ticket$75$750$0

agronomy

http://bocktherobber.com/2007/02/bothar-a-truly-wonderful-charity/

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Bóthar is a charity in Limerick that sends farm animals to Africa. The animals are donated by Irish farmers, who give them freely as a way to help their less fortunate confreres in Africa. It started with heifers, but now they send goats too. As I understand it, the idea is that when the heifer or goat has a calf / kid, the recipient family have to pass the offspring on to another family and so on and so on. Marvellous. No, really: it’s all marvellous, and there can be no doubt whatever that the people who receive the animals benefit in a very tangible way from the scheme. They do. They certainly do. And the Irish farmers, quite rightly, feel good about what they have done. And so they should. Good old Bóthar. Why are the African farmers starving? Sorry? Was that Bóthar interjecting there? No. It wasn’t. Did Bóthar say, but obviously, Bock, it was because the European Union was paying our farmers a huge pile of fucking money to grow cows and grain that nobody wants? Well then, did it say we dumped that produce on Africa for pennies, destroying the local market, and ruining the livelihoods of local farmers over there? Ehh, no Ted. Well, what about the Americans, then? Our Allies? Y’know? Was there anything about how the American cotton-farmers couldn’t make money and so the American Gubmint gave them a huge heap of cash so they could send their produce to Africa far cheaper than any African farmer could make it? Killing the local industry? Eh, no, Ted. Well then, surely they want to do something about hunger? That’s right, so Monsanto goes in and sells the seeds to the locals, genetically modified and copyright, so that, every year they have to pay Monsanto a huge pile of money to plant their crop again. Not like in the old days when they could just scatter seed on the land. Not any more: that’s progress. That’s the American way, and the European way too. What did we really do? Would you like to know? All right then. We said, Lads, the poor niggers are starving. And the Irish farmer, in his genuine compassion, said, No problem, we’ll send them a goat.

agronomy

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Known by its chemical name of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine and chemical formula of C3H11N2O3P, ammonium salt of glyphosate 71% SG herbicide controls weeds of all kinds, including perennial and annual. It destroys weed by reaching to the crops roots and rhizomes. It must be applied to control weeds that are difficult to control. Farmers can apply ammonium salt of glyphosate 71% SG herbicide before as well as after emergence of weeds, including annual grass and broad leave. The herbicide is absorbed through foliage and roots. It controls weeds by interfering with their enzymatic activities.

agronomy

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Tomatoes, potatoes and onions grown in restored greenhouse Posted on 06 September 2011 Those paying for care at a Port Glasgow unit have been celebrating the successful restoration of a run-down greenhouse, after they harvested a bumper crop of tomatoes. Residents at Broadstone Gardens sheltered housing complex started revitalising the neglected greenhouse in the gardens after new resident and keen gardener Billy Macfarlane spotted its potential. He told Inverclyde Now: "We we spent some time cleaning it out and decided to try growing some tomato plants. Despite it not being a great summer, we got a really good crop and have been sharing our riches amongst other residents." The residents did not stop at tomatoes, also planting successful crops of potatoes and onions. Fellow resident Jim Fowler said that he hoped to get more people involved next year, plant a bigger variety of vegetables and even put out some hanging baskets. This follows comments from one expert who said that gardening or light housework could count as moderate physical activity in some individuals. Linda Main, dietetic advisor for Heart UK - The Cholesterol Charity, said that adults should undertake 30 minutes of moderate exercise on five or more days during the week in order to benefit their heart. Posted by Natalie Edwards

agronomy

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Spruce up your sprinkler system and save money Use these tips to reduce irrigation waste and avoid watering violations A little maintenance goes a long way toward making your home irrigation (sprinkler) system work better and use water more efficiently, saving you money on your utility bills. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, homes with clock timer-controlled irrigation systems use about 50 percent more water outdoors than homes without irrigation systems. Systems can waste even more if programmed incorrectly, if a sprinkler head is pointed in the wrong direction, or if they have a leak. Steps to spruce it up You can spruce up your irrigation system in four simple steps: inspect, connect, direct, and select. Inspect. Check your system for clogged, broken, or missing sprinkler heads Connect. Examine points where the sprinkler heads connect to pipes or hoses. If water pools in your landscape or you have large wet areas, you could have a leak in your system. A leak about as small as the tip of a ballpoint pen (or 1/32nd of an inch) can waste about 6,300 gallons of water per month. Direct. Make sure to direct your sprinklers so that they apply water only to the landscape and not the driveway, house, or sidewalk Select. An improperly scheduled irrigation controller can waste water and money, and potentially cause you to violate water-use restrictions. Check your system's watering schedule and confirm your irrigation system operates at the allowable times. It is also important to use a rain shut-off device to bypass scheduled irrigation when it rains. During wet and cool months, you may be able to reduce scheduled irrigation frequency or duration, or occasionally manually run the system.

agronomy

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Chinchero: Part One While spending time with Worldschooler Lainie and her group, we did some amazing things. One of the activities we did in Peru was farming in a town called Chinchero. Lainie first met this family while drinking juice at a cafe. They told her and her son Miro about their culture and how they farm. They welcomed her to their family farm to learn about their everyday life. Lainie always brings her Worldschool groups here and the family now has a small business sharing their culture. The whole extended family lives on the farm including the aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents. When we arrived at their farm, the first thing we did was a blessing with coca leaves. We each took three coca leaves in our hands to represent Heaven, earth, and the underworld. We all took turns blowing on them three times and thanked Pachimama (Mother Earth) for her nature. We also were able to see their dinner… before it was cooked. Guinea pigs! Guinea pigs are a delicacy in Peru so many people eat them for special occasions. They are called “cuy” in the Quechuan language. We started off the farming by helping the family harvest potatoes. It is a lot harder than it looks! First we had to dig up the potatoes before cleaning all of the dirt off of them and piling them up on a blanket. We were really lucky to be at the farm during harvest time, because the family decided to make a “whatia”. It is an outdoor stove that looks like an igloo made out of dirt and stone. The ladies made it right in the middle of the potato field in less than 20 minutes. We put dry eucalyptus tree branches inside the whatia, lit it and let it heat up while we moved on to another area of the farm. There are thousands of types of potatoes in Peru and our next job was helping with a small type of potato that could be dried and and stored for many years. Stepping on potatoes is the first part of the drying process. It was a lot of fun because we got to make a pile of about 40 small potatoes and step on them to take the peels off and squeeze out the juice. The ladies even took out their cell phones and played music to dance to while we stomped. The next step was to spread them out and leave them under the sun to dry for a few days. Drying these potatoes was important because they can be stored for a long time. In the past, when the Inca messengers traveled far, they could bring the dries potatoes in a bag, add them to a soup and they would be ready to eat. While we stepped on the potatoes, we all tried chicha, a traditional corn beer. Mikhaila and I only had a tiny taste of course! In the Incan times, chicha was made by women. They would chew up corn and then spit it out into a bucket. The chewed corn and saliva would ferment for a few days and taa daa, ready to drink! Today it is not made like that. Thank goodness! At this point in time, the whatia was hot enough to cook the potatoes. The family showed us how they place the potatoes in the whatia and then crush the hot dirt on the potatoes. We only had to wait about thirty minutes until the potatoes were cooked and ready to eat. Once the work was all done, we sat down and ate our snack. It was so good! I really enjoyed farming in Chinchero as it reminded me of apple picking and pear sorting in Australia on my family’s orchard. It was a lot of fun spending time with the family and getting to know them. It was also very interesting to learn about the traditional ways of farming in Peru. After we finished our potato snack, we drove to our next activity for the day: Not telling! You will have to wait until tomorrow to find out! 🙂

agronomy

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Vegetable Planters in FS We have two veg planters in the Foundation playground now. We had to fill them with soil, plant the seeds and keep them watered. Keep your eyes open for the vegetables and flowers that we will be growing over the Summer term! Class RB PotatoesClass RB Potatoes.JPG611Class RB Potatoes Class DC PotatoesClass DC Potatoes.JPG609Class DC Potatoes Class JJ Potatoes - Why are they so big?Class JJ Potatoes - Why are they so big.JPG610Class JJ Potatoes - Why are they so big? Fetching soil from the heap.Fetching soil from the heap..JPG573Fetching soil from the heap. Filling up the planters...Filling up the planters....JPG574Filling up the planters... Another load!Another load!.JPG571Another load! Almost ready.Almost ready..JPG570Almost ready. Be careful with those spinach seeds!Be careful with those spinach seeds!.JPG572Be careful with those spinach seeds! Pea seeds going in.Pea seeds going in..JPG576Pea seeds going in. Alyssum seedlingsAlyssum seedlings.JPG608Alyssum seedlings Peas and SpinachPeas and Spinach.JPG612Peas and Spinach More seeds getting ready to go in our ersatz greenhouse.More seeds getting ready to go in our ersatz greenhouse..JPG575More seeds getting ready to go in our ersatz greenhouse. The 'Greenhouse'The 'Greenhouse'.JPG613The 'Greenhouse'

agronomy

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Conservation of Plant Genes. DNA Banking and in Vitro Biotechnology Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Conservation of Plant Genes. DNA Banking and in Vitro Biotechnology file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Conservation of Plant Genes. DNA Banking and in Vitro Biotechnology book. Happy reading Conservation of Plant Genes. DNA Banking and in Vitro Biotechnology Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Conservation of Plant Genes. DNA Banking and in Vitro Biotechnology at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The CompletePDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Conservation of Plant Genes. DNA Banking and in Vitro Biotechnology Pocket Guide. Jones, W. Mungroo, Ecological restoration of native plant and animal communities in Mauritius, Indian Ocean. In: Pearson, D. - Foldable Version. - British Medicine in an Age of Reform (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies). - Navigation menu? - Linear Regression Analysis, Second Edition! Klimas Eds , The role of restoration in ecosystem management, pp. Dussert, S. Engelmann, N. Chabrillange, F. Anthony, M. Hamon, a. In vitro conservation of coffee Coffea spp. In: Razdan, M. Science, USA. Anthony, F. Engelmann, C. Where we work Hamon, b. Variability in storage response within a coffee Coffea spp. Plant Cell Reports Engelmann, F. Hamon, c. Cryopreservation of coffee Coffea arabica L. Hamon, Cryopreservation of seeds of four coffee species Coffea arabica, C. Seed Science Research 8: Du Puy, B. Wyse Jackson, Botanic gardens offer key component to biodiversity conservation in the Mediterranean. Ellis, R. Roberts, An intermediate category of seed storage behaviour? Journal of Experimental Botany In vitro conservation of tropical plant germplasm - a review. Euphytica In vitro conservation methods. Biotechnology in agriculture series: 19, pp. FAO, Sub-regional synthesis report: Indian Ocean Islands. The state of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. FAO, Rome. Genebank Standards. Ferwerda, F. Kiemkracht en levensduur van koffiestuifmeel. The breeding of canephora coffee. Wit Eds , Outlines of perennial crop breeding in the tropics, pp. Florin, B. Ford-Lloyd, B. Jackson, Plant genetic resources: an introduction to their conservation and use. Edward Arnold, London. Frankel, O. Genetic perspective of germplasm conservation. In: Arber, W. Llimensee, W. Stalinger Eds , Genetic manipulation: impact on man and society, pp. Frison, E. Serwinski eds , Directory of European institutions holding plant genetic resources, fourth edition. Hamon, S. Developing a coffee core collection using the principal components score strategy with quantitative data. In: Hodgkin, T. Brown, Th. Morales Eds , Core collections of plant genetic resources, pp. Wiley-Sayce Publication. Hatanaka, T. Yasuda, T. Sakai, Direct regrowth of encapsulated somatic embryos of coffee Coffea canephora after cooling in liquid nitrogen. Heywood, V. Developing a strategy for germplasm conservation in botanic gardens. In: Heywood, V. Wyse Jackson Eds , Tropical botanic gardens - their role in conservation and development, pp. Hong, T. Ellis, Interspecific variation in seed storage behaviour within two genera - Coffea and Citrus. Seed Science and Technology Hoyt, E. Conserving wild relatives of crops. IBPGR, Coffee Genetic Resources. Jouve, J. Kwack, B. The effect of calcium on pollen germination. Proceeding American Society Horticultural Science Lashermes, P. Trouslot, F. Charrier, a. Couturon, M. Moreau, M. What is more, Bt toxin enters into the nutrient cycle of living things via contamination of soil and water by the leaves of transgenic plants. By analogy, due to possible gene flow from herbicide-resistant cultured species to their wild relatives, the latter may develop resistance against herbicides as well. Thus, serious problems would be faced if some weed and pest species which we can now fight by using existing technologies and chemicals develop into new uncontrollable resistant forms which may, consequently, do more harm to plants. Paradoxically, the very technologies intended to reduce chemical use would actually result in more severe environmental damage due to the need to use more toxic chemicals which may in some cases prove irremediable. In terms of crossbreeding between species, there are some notable families and plant groups in Turkey. Among these, wheat from the Poaceae family has an evolutionary process full of examples of interspecies gene exchange. As it is known, all wheat species cultured today are artificial species formed as a result of crossbreeding between their wild relatives. Conservation of Plant Genes The existence of crossbred species developed by pollination of wheat species which have developed as a result of past interspecies genome exchange by other species can be accepted as a part of natural evolution. This is an illustration of the possibility for these species to receive genes from transgenic plants. Studies point to gene flow between bread wheat and its wild relative Aegilops cylindrica. In addition, according to Fedak [ 25 ], barley Hordeum vulgare and intermediate wheatgrass Agropyron intermedium can develop crossbred plants with 3. Of special interest is a possible gene flow from soybean, corn, cotton and rapeseed — with a total cultivation area of 7. Another family at risk in terms of interspecies crossbreeding in Turkey is the mustard family Brassicaceae. Many species of this family are known to be used in different ways. Alyssum saxatile , Brassica oleracea , Cardaria draba , Crambe orientalis , Iberis saxatilis , Isatis glauca , Lobularia maritima , Matthiola incana are used in landscaping as ornamental and cover plants; while others e. Capsella bursa-pastoris are used in the pharmaceutical industry as medical plants or as dye-bearing plants e. Isatis tinctoria in the textile industry. In the People's Republic of China, genes of genetically modified, herbicide-resistant rape Brassica napus have been detected to have escaped to mustard greens Brassica juncea , the free-living wild relative. The Amaranth family Amaranthaceae is also known to be one of the families with high gene flow. Another topic of discussion on the potential negative effects of GMO implementations are the species used for biofuel production. In particular, the European Union EU countries have set future targets for use of biofuels produced from materials such as plant origin oils, product residues and wood. This would obviously result in damage to agricultural sustainability and agricultural gene pools. All these examples should be given careful consideration, as indiscriminate use of GMOs can result in disruption of ecological balance and, finally, in damage to plant gene pools. For this reason, the possible negative impacts on plant gene pools should be monitored closely and plant origin genes should be given priority in this type of studies. In the context of environmental protection, it can be suggested that molecular plant improvement methods can be more advantageous than transgenic plants in developing counties such as Turkey. At this point, detection and characterization of Turkish genetic pools and even defining and patenting those of commercial importance will elevate Turkey to a high position. Once the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources adopted by FAO in is enacted [ 11 ] and Turkey establishes the required legal and research infrastructure, there will be more space to utilize genetic pools more efficiently. However, examination of the current situation in Turkey shows that biotechnology implementations cannot be transferred to industry and the required infrastructure has not been established yet. Each pillar has its own roles in line with its capacity and work definition. Failure of an organization which is within the system and serves as a complement to others, results in dysfunctioning of the whole system. From this point of view, a brief overview of the current structure in Turkey shows that universities serve as the basic component of the research system and the private sector is not included in the system but indeed should be a main component. Embrapa Network for Brazilian Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Due to the above-listed problems, Turkey does not have the infrastructure required for cultivation of GMOs despite its strong position on this issue. Therefore, it is now not allowed to grow GMOs in Turkey. Thus, there is no commercial production of genetically modified crops in Turkey and Turkey does not export such crops to the United States or other countries. In , Turkey continued to be an importer of bulk and semi-processed commodities. Cotton remained the top exported commodity from the United States to Turkey in Soybeans and soybean meal are the second largest imported commodity, but their portion has decreased dramatically since and There is no ban, however, on production of GMOs for research and development purposes in Turkey. In addition, import and production of 19 types of products 3 soybean and 16 corn species are permitted only for animal feeding purposes. Attempts made in the last couple of years to consolidate small cultivation lands in Turkey support this suggestion. Detection of the potential risk faced by plant gene pools, performance of the infrastructure works to minimize this risk and taking all required precautions are the three most important points to be underlined here. For maximum utilization of the existing genetic potential, Turkey should develop sufficient infrastructure for biotechnological studies by defining the areas of priority and should train enough qualified specialists. From a legislative point of view, Turkey introduced legal regulations on the production and inspection of GMO-containing products under the Law on Biosafety in Turkey's Law on Biosafety permits regulations on the use of GMOs and development of plant biotechnology. However, the cumulative disincentives in the forms of quarantine control, approvals, liability and prohibition on the cultivation of biotechnological products have discouraged the development of GMOs. The law also mandates that for any research on GMO development carried out in Turkey, the researcher needs to apply to the Biosafety Board in advance for permission to carry out the research. Although many academicians voiced concerns about this issue, and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock MinFAL has stated that the law will not discourage research, it seems to have already had an impact on the willingness of the private and public sector to pursue research in this area. Turkey does not have any field testing of products derived from agricultural biotechnology. The law forbids entrance into Turkey of GMOs and GMO-containing products, which threaten human, animal and plant health as well as environmental and biological diversity; disrupt the ecological balance of the environment and ecosystems; carry the risk of spreading in the environment and threaten the continuity of biological diversity. Issues such as GMO content, inspection, import, labelling, etc. In this context, Turkey can be suggested to pursue a prudent policy on protection of national genetic pools, although perhaps not at a sufficient level. Throughout its historical development, biotechnology has played significant roles in the protection, use and diversification of all components of biological diversity. It has been a cornerstone particularly in the protection of plant gene pools and in ensuring agricultural sustainability. Biotechnological methods continue to be used in the protection of plant gene pools, which are difficult or impossible to protect via classical methods. In its own right, biotechnology is an indispensable means not only for sustainable management of plant gene pools, which includes the insurance of sustainable agriculture and sustainable use of gene pools, but also for creation of new diversity resources. However, the use of biotechnology for development of Bt-toxin-producing plants may damage the ecological balance and plant gene pools as a result of contamination of nature with undesired genes. There are many examples of interspecies gene exchange during evolution in nature. A careful observation of nature suggests that interspecies gene flow is an ongoing process and, in turn, it is possible for gene flow to occur from GMOs to wild relatives. However, the results of such gene flows cannot be observed in the short term. Thus, GMOs can potentially pose a significant threat on genetic diversity unless required measures are taken and possible risks are considered. This situation is particularly important for areas rich in populations of wild relatives of crop plants e. Turkey, which is a genetic and origin centre for many crops and for some plant families with high interspecies crossbreeding. Having rich biological diversity, Turkey should take necessary precautions to protect its plant gene pools and ought to pursue policies aimed at sustainable development by taking appropriate protection measures. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Published online Nov PMID: Received Jul 7; Accepted Oct The moral rights of the named author s have been asserted. Abstract The recent rapid developments in biotechnology have made great contributions to the study of plant gene pools. Keywords: plant gene pools, biotechnology, agricultural biological diversity, gene flow, Turkey. Introduction Plant biological diversity is an important factor particularly in such fields as agriculture, medicine, pharmacy and environment and is also an indicator of development potential. Plant gene pools and biodiversity in Turkey Located within the temperate zone, Turkey attracts attention with its outstanding plant diversity characteristics different from many of its neighbours. Micro-genetic centres in Turkey and common species. Micro-genetic centres Species Thrace—Aegean Wheat bread, durum, oriental, club, einkorn, spelt , grits, sweet melon, lentil, chickpea, common vetch, lupine, clover. Southeastern Anatolia Einkorn, emmer, Ae. Samsun—Tokat—Amasya Fruit genera and species, common bean, lentil, broad bean, legume fodder crops. Kayseri and its surroundings Apple, almond, pear, fruit species, grape fern, lentil, chickpea, trefoil, sainfoin. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Possible negative effects of biotechnology applications on genetic diversity and interspecies gene exchange The evolution of living organisms is a natural process ongoing for millions of years. Crop species Crop plants are especially vulnerable to some of the possible risks posed by biotechnology applications. Poaceae In terms of crossbreeding between species, there are some notable families and plant groups in Turkey. Brassicaceae Another family at risk in terms of interspecies crossbreeding in Turkey is the mustard family Brassicaceae. Amaranthaceae The Amaranth family Amaranthaceae is also known to be one of the families with high gene flow. Biofuel species Another topic of discussion on the potential negative effects of GMO implementations are the species used for biofuel production. Biotechnological research and legislation in Turkey In the context of environmental protection, it can be suggested that molecular plant improvement methods can be more advantageous than transgenic plants in developing counties such as Turkey. Conclusions Throughout its historical development, biotechnology has played significant roles in the protection, use and diversification of all components of biological diversity. Demir A. Food production from genetically modified organisms and international legal regulations. New approaches in the using and protection of plant genetic sources. Erik S. Ozhatay N. Kultur S. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey III. Turkish J Bot. Aslan S. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey IV. Cansaran A. The ultimate objective of storage is to stop all the cellular metabolic activities and maintain their viability. A regular and constant supply of liquid nitrogen to the liquid nitrogen refrigerator is essential. It is necessary to check the viability of the germplasm periodically in some samples. Proper documentation of the germplasm storage has to be done. In general, thawed germplasm is washed several times to remove cryoprotectants. This material is then re-cultured in a fresh medium following standard procedures. Some workers prefer to directly culture the thawed material without washing. This is because certain vital substances, released from the cells during freezing, are believed to promote in vitro cultures. The techniques employed to determine viability of cryopreserved cells are the same as used for cell cultures. The best indicator to measure the viability of cryopreserved cells is their entry into cell division and regrowth in culture. This can be evaluated by the following expression. The ultimate purpose of cryopreservation of germplasm is to regenerate the desired plant. Addition of certain growth promoting substances, besides maintenance of appropriate environmental conditions is often necessary for successful plant regeneration. A selected list of plants in various forms that have been successfully used for cryopreservation is given in Table Hence, cold storage is regarded as a slow growth germplasm conservation method. Long-term cold storage is simple, cost-effective and yields germplasm with good survival rate. As alternatives to cryopreservation and cold storage, low-pressure storage LPS and low-oxygen storage LOS have been developed for germplasm conservation. A graphic representation of tissue culture storage under normal atmospheric pressure, low-pressure and low-oxygen is depicted in Fig. In low-pressure storage, the atmospheric pressure surrounding the plant material is reduced. This results in a partial decrease of the pressure exerted by the gases around the germplasm. The lowered partial pressure reduces the in vitro growth of plants of organized or unorganized tissues. Low-pressure storage systems are useful for short-term and long-term storage of plant materials.http://legutel.com/includes/322/2594.php Unknown, Conservation of Plant Genes: Dna Banking and in Vitro Biotechnology, 1e The short-term storage is particularly useful to increase the shelf life of many plant materials e. The germplasm grown in cultures can be stored for long term under low pressure. Besides germplasm preservation, LPS reduces the activity of pathogenic organisms and inhibits spore germination in the plant culture systems. In the low-oxygen storage, the oxygen concentration is reduced, but the atmospheric pressure mm Hg is maintained by the addition of inert gases particularly nitrogen. The partial pressure of oxygen below 50 mm Hg reduces plant tissue growth organized or unorganized tissue. This is due to the fact that with reduced availability of O 2 , the production of CO 2 is low. As a consequence, the photosynthetic activity is reduced, thereby inhibiting the plant tissue growth and dimension. The long-term conservation of plant materials by low-oxygen storage is likely to inhibit the plant growth after certain dimensions. This is in contrast to an in vitro cell line maintenance which has to be sub-cultured and transferred periodically to extend viability. Cryopreservation is an ideal method for long term conservation of cell cultures which produce secondary metabolites e. Rare germplasms developed through somatic hybridization and other genetic manipulations can be stored.

agronomy

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Seedless grapes vs the well-known supplement Grape Seed extract....does anyone see the irony? This is a prime example of why I advocate for primarily eating only those fruits which have seeds. Seeds are part of the fruit and have their own health benefits. It enables a fruit to reproduce. They allow a fruit to reproduce on its own, vs seedless ones which require human assistance via grafting or parthenocarpy. If 50% of the female population was barren, wouldn't we think there was something wrong? Most grapes, oranges, and watermelons in the store are now seedless. But of course, grafted fruits are still healthier than bagged cookies any day. You influence & change the food landscape by what YOU choose to buy. Remember your power as a consumer.

agronomy

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TDS & pH Testing Containers and Tools Where to Buy Featured Sunleaves Retailer Silica Stone Outperforms Other Media in Tests (cont.) On the left, the basil plant grown in expanded clay pellets appears healthy but much smaller and less vigorous than the basil plant on the right, grown in Sunleaves silica stone. © 2013 Sunleaves Garden Products

agronomy

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Mulch improves the appearance and soil health of your garden beds and landscapes. By having a professional lay mulch in your beds, you can receive a quality mulch application, without any of the back-breaking work. How Mulch Helps Garden Beds Not only is a freshly laid mulch bed appealing to the eyes, it is extremely beneficial to the health of your entire landscape. Mulch protects the soil by preventing erosion, moderating temperature, and providing it with essential nutrients. When it comes to your plants, mulch is a protectant from freeze and sun damage, as well as a natural habitat for trees and shrubs. Weeds will have a tough time growing in mulch, either not showing up at all or having shallow roots making them easy to remove. Get Your Project Started Catonsville Mulching Services Here at Belt Lawn and Landscape, we offer superior mulching services that deliver a quality finished product at an affordable price. A fresh layer of mulch offers the perfect contrast for your garden’s flowers and your home itself. Hire a reliable and efficient mulching service in Baltimore and Howard County for your mulching needs to get a gorgeous looking garden bed without having to perform the strenuous work yourself. We do all of the work including In addition to mulching, we also offer comprehensive lawn care services in Catonsville, MD at an affordable cost.

agronomy

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• Handcrafted in Europe • Naturally regulates the water flow according to the needs of each plant • Optimised firing process to ensure ideal porosity while maintaining the particular aesthetics of the clay It is not always easy to know how to care for and water your plants. How much water? How often? The Olla Natural Water Reservoir from the French brand Pepin is the solution for simple and optimal watering. It is easy to use, simply plant it in the ground and fill it with water, which it will then gradually diffuse into the compost. By diffusing water progressively, they allow plants to develop roots in contact with the clay and draw on it naturally, thus offering more freedom and ease of maintenance, while making considerable water savings. How to use it: 1. Install in the ground Make a small hole in the soil of your houseplant or balcony planter. Push the Olla in, leaving the glazed top part visible. Make sure that the buried part is in contact with the soil. The roots of your plants will naturally grow towards the Olla to draw the water they need. 2. Fill with water Fill the Olla with water and replace the cork to prevent evaporation. Check the water level regularly and wait until the Olla is completely empty before refilling. Depending on the plant and its exposure, the refilling time can vary from a few days to a week. 3. Let it happen... The plant will gradually set up its roots around the Olla to draw the water it needs, guaranteeing you good growth and healthy plants with ease. The amount of water used for watering is reduced, and you will avoid water stress for your favourite plant. Ollas are almost maintenance free. However, if you live in a region where the water is very hard, you can clean it from time to time with a sponge and a little diluted white vinegar, or use rainwater, which will be better for your plants as well as for your Ollas. If you place your Pepin Olla in an outdoor pot, we advise you to bring it inside in case of heavy frost to avoid damaging it.

agronomy

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Factors To Consider When Buying Fertilizer Sprayers For Sale Note that fertilizer sprayer is one of the equipment’s that should not luck for a good farming to take place. Also if you want to purchase fertilizer sprayer for sale, you can always go search online and link with the best sellers. Pressure is among the most top things that a person needs to check all the time they go to buy the fertilizer sprayer for their garden, and this is because when it comes to spraying you don’t want to take all your time doing the job, hence the need of using a fertilizer sprayer that is fast and can enable you to do the job within a short period of time, therefore pressure is what makes the sprayer work so fast hence you need to always check on the pressure of the sprayer before deciding on buying it. Note that for your fertilizer sprayer to work and operate well, also the nozzle should be of good quality one that can allow the spray to splash easily, therefore checking on the nozzle should be one of your consideration when buying the sprayer. If you are wondering how you are going to buy the best fertilizer sprayer for a lower price, then we are here to advise you that you can always search online, many people nowadays use the internet to market their business, and this means that there are more than one fertilizer sprayer seller online therefore if you search you are going to get the one who offers cheap price, hence through this you will be able to avoid using all your money buying an expensive sprayer for now you know how to do it. Sometimes the type of work you are going to do can determine the size of the fertilizer sprayer that you are going to purchase, and this is because maybe you want to spray your small garden outside your house, or maybe it’s you’re your big farm, this can make the size of the sprayer differ a lot hence if you don’t know how to determine the size you can always follow this rule and you are going to purchase the best fertilizer sprayer for your home use. Always make sure that the seller has a good reputation before buying from them, you can always choose to ask around so you can be informed if the seller has good reputation before dealing with them, and this is also to help you avoid dealing with a seller who is going to sale you a poor spray quality for this is going to cost you on the future where you are going to use your money again for repair or replacement, hence buying from a good seller is very important. A Beginners Guide To What You Should Know About This Year

agronomy

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Gallery: Grow Your Own Festival, 2019 With Forster’s third instalment of Grow Your Own festival taking place over the weekend, the regional affair did not disappoint. With a huge emphasis on the local – both musicians and produce – the lineup boasted some of Australia’s best. The festival is centred around celebrating Australian companies, environmental sustainability, locally grown produce and collaborating with local communities. And boy did they deliver. We sent Dan Lynch to Forster to take some snaps of the festival. Check out the full gallery below. All photos by Dan Lynch for Purple Sneakers

agronomy

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You may have heard the radio ads about new Silver Palate Grain Berry cereals, pancake and waffle mix, snack crackers and other foods. This new line is not just another brand of foods. Silver Palate research spent three years developing a new grain that contains more natural antioxidants than other grains, even more than other fruits and vegetables. Even more than berries and wine. The name of the grain is high tannin sorghum. Sorghum is the fifth most popular grain in the world. It originated in Africa two thousand years ago where water was scarce and they needed a grain to feed their animals and themselves that would grow in arid soils and climate. There are many types of sorghum, mostly related to color. The high-tannin variety was not popular with farmers since the cattle who were fed it did not gain much weight. Thus, it was ignored until now. The Silver Palate was not able to buy this grain since farmers did not wish to grow it. So we contracted with farmers in West Texas in dry soils and decorticated the grain (stripped off the outer layer which contained the bran, highest in fiber and highest in antioxidants.) So high, it was reported by the USDA as higher than other grains and fruits, vegetables, and berries. You can purchase Grain Berry Bran Flakes, Toasted Oat cereals in plain, Apple Cinnamon and Honey Nut varieties as well as Grain Berry Pancake Mix, Muffin Mix and two flavors of Crackers. Not only does Silver Palate's new Grain Berry foods offer you natural antioxidants, it offers reduced sugars and sodium, making it a very healthy and delicious line of foods indeed.

agronomy

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It’s easy to overstate the impact of individual technological innovations, particularly in the agricultural industry. Although agriculture has become far more efficient since its inception at the dawn of history, it remains frustratingly at the mercy of circumstances beyond farmers’ control: weather, soil composition, pests and other factors. When it comes to cotton, pest control has long been an overriding concern for farmers and their families. Back in the early 20th century, devastating pests like the boll weevil and tobacco budworm threatened the very existence of the cotton crop—and, with it, the livelihoods of millions around the world. In this particular case, a single innovation, called Bt cotton, did lead to significant improvements in farmers’ pest-fighting capabilities. Over time, this has had a number of benefits—some obvious, some unexpected—for consumers who have little direct connection to cotton farming. What Is Bt Cotton? Bt cotton harnesses a natural defense of a specific strain of bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt for short) to defend cotton against formerly common pests, including the tobacco budworm. First made commercially available in the 1980s, Bt cotton has spread to nearly every corner of the globe and significantly reduced the impact of the tobacco budworm. In the process, it has enriched the livelihoods of thousands of cotton farmers and contributed to lower costs for clothing, cottonseed oil and other valuable cotton products. This approach to cotton pest control is a clever one. Instead of using harmful pesticides, Bt cotton simply incorporates a loop of Bacillus thuringiensis that codes for a natural pesticide. This toxin is only harmful to a few types of insects, including the tobacco budworm; it doesn’t affect humans or animals in any meaningful way. Key benefits of Bt Cotton By targeting only the budworm and its compatriots, Bt cotton protects crops from some insect pests without requiring the use of chemical pesticides. Decreased pesticide use removes a potentially expensive input for farmers, reducing the cost of production. Fewer pesticides also means cleaner water, a benefit for those who live downstream from cotton-producing areas. And for farmers who can’t afford to use pesticides or choose not to, a strain that resists harmful pests reduces the likelihood of crop failure and boosts yield independently of other environmental factors. It’s important to note that Bt cotton isn’t a miracle strain. It doesn’t kill every known cotton pest, so farmers who plant it may still have to use pesticides to ward off other harmful insects and microbes. And cotton production is at the mercy of other factors, too, from unpredictable weather to price swings. But it’s nice to know that science has contained a problem that, a few decades ago, seemed insurmountable. How the Cotton Industry Looks Today Today’s cotton industry looks very different because of Bt cotton. Increased production has led to falling prices for cotton products, including your jeans and T-shirts. It has also freed up more material for the production of the cotton plant’s lesser-known fruits, including its tough but valuable seeds. It’s probably no coincidence that, as it has become more abundant and its health benefits better-understood, cottonseed oil has regained the favor it once enjoyed with American restaurateurs and home cooks. In fact, if you eat out regularly, you probably enjoy this tasty benefit of Bt cotton without even realizing it.

agronomy

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As warm weather approaches, homeowners across the country turn their attention to lawn care and landscaping projects. Grass seed can be an important part of that process because it not only gives your lawn an instant boost in terms of aesthetic appeal but will also help it become stronger and more resilient over time. But how long does grass seed take to grow? The answer to this question depends on several factors, including the type of grass seed you use, the climate you live in, and how well you prepare your lawn for the new seeds to grow. When is the Best Time To Plant Grass Seed? The best time to plant grass seeds is in the spring or early fall. The soil should be moist, but not wet, and the air temperature should be between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. You’ll also need to make sure that the area you’re planting is free of weeds. If you follow these guidelines, you can expect your grass seed to germinate within 10 days. When choosing a grass seed variety, you’ll want to look for species that are well-suited to your region. For instance, if you live in an area with clay soil or heavy shade, it’s probably best to avoid tall fescue varieties. Conversely, if you live in a dry climate or have sandy soil, a deep-rooted bluegrass variety may be better suited to your landscape. If you want to encourage your grass seed to germinate as quickly as possible, use a power tiller to break up compacted soil and remove weeds. You can also improve germination rates by using a topsoil or seed starter mix instead of plain dirt. Finally, it’s important to keep seeds evenly moist until they sprout, so water them every day for about two weeks after planting. You’ll notice new grass growth in approximately seven days. Factors That Affect How Long It Takes Grass To Grow The type of grass you are growing, the climate, the amount of sunlight, the amount of water, and the type of soil all play a role in how long it takes for grass to grow. Depending on these factors, it can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks for the grass to start growing. Several factors can affect how long it takes for grass to grow, starting with its variety. Each type of grass has different growth rates, depending on whether it is cool-season or warm-season grass. Cool-season grasses grow in spring and fall, while warm-season ones grow in summer and winter. How to Plant Your Grass Seed Right - The first step is to find a good location. Look for an area that gets plenty of sunlight and has well-drained soil. - Next, you’ll need to loosen up the soil so the grass seed can take root. Use a rake to break up any clumps and make sure the soil is loose enough to allow new growth. - Once the soil is ready, you can start planting your seed. Spread out some grass seed over the area and then use your hands or a tool like a garden rake to lightly mix it into the top layer of soil. - After you’ve mixed in the seeds, water them thoroughly with a garden hose or watering can until they’re moist all around. - Finally, place straw or hay over the seeded area to keep it from drying out until it sprouts! Will Grass Seed Germinate On Top Of Soil? You may have seen some seed packets that say direct sow and others that recommend starting the seeds indoors. If you’re wondering whether you can just sprinkle the seeds on top of the soil and hope for the best, the answer is…maybe. It depends on the type of grass seed you’re using. Some grasses, like Kentucky bluegrass, need light to germinate and won’t sprout if they’re buried too deep. Others, like red fescue, don’t mind being covered with a thin layer of dirt because they prefer shade. These types of grass will do well when sprinkled onto the ground without any other care given. The more difficult seeds are those that need sunlight to grow but don’t want their roots exposed to moisture or oxygen. There are two ways around this problem either cover the seeded area with an inch-thick layer of compost or newspaper before spreading the seeds over it or use special containers made from plastic or peat pots. Any container that has drainage holes works just fine as long as there’s enough room for your finger between the top of the potting mix and the lid. Grass Seed Germination Day By Day Growth Stage On the first day, you will see the seedlings start to break through the soil. During the second day, the seedlings will continue to grow and develop. On the third day, the seedlings will begin to develop their first leaves. During the fourth day, the seedlings will continue to grow and develop their leaves. On the fifth day, the seedlings will be fully grown and ready to take on your lawn! Make sure to provide a balanced fertilizer so that your new grass can thrive! ALSO SEE: Do Plants Feel Pain or Love? How Long Does Grass Seed Take To Grow In Winter? In winter, grass seeds can take up to six weeks to germinate and grow. The temperature, moisture, and amount of sunlight all play a role in how quickly your grass will grow. Be patient and keep an eye on the forecast; you may need to water your lawn more frequently during dry spells. On warmer days in spring and summer, grass seeds can take anywhere from one to two weeks to germinate and grow. If your soil is sandy or has a lot of clay, it may take longer for your grass seed to sprout. Opt for lightweight turf if you’re worried about heat retention on hot days. How Long For Grass Seed To Grow 3 Inches? The average time it takes for grass seed to germinate and grow to be 3 inches tall is about 28 days. However, this can vary depending on the type of grass seed, the temperature, and the amount of moisture present. For example, if you plant grass seed in the spring when the temperatures are warm and there is plenty of rainfall, it will likely germinate faster than if you plant in the fall when the temperatures are cooler and there is less rainfall. If you are trying to grow grass in an area that hasn’t had any recently, you will want to plant more than 1 bag of seed. This will ensure that enough grass gets established so that it can start filling in. Planting 4 or 5 bags of seed is usually sufficient for most areas. If you have an area with a lot of bare spots, try planting 8 bags at one time. This will make sure there is enough grass growing to fill in those spaces. How Long Does It Take For Grass Seed To Grow In The Fall? In the fall, grass seed usually takes about two to four weeks to germinate, depending on the temperature and amount of rainfall. If you want your lawn to look its best next spring, now is the time to start planting! For example, if you plan to plant fall grass seed in September, you’ll want to be sure that it germinates before winter comes. If you need your lawn mowed before then, make sure you plant a variety of grass seed that grows quickly. That will ensure that you have enough time to establish a new lawn before next spring rolls around. Best Time to Plant Grass Seed Northeast The best time to plant grass seeds in the Northeast is in the spring or early fall. The soil should be moist, but not soggy, and the air temperature should be between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. You’ll also need to prepare the area where you’ll be planting the seed by removing any existing vegetation, tilling the soil, and raking it smooth. Once you’ve planted the seed, water it regularly and keep an eye out for signs of growth. Once you have planted grass seed in your Northeast region yard, you’ll need to keep it watered and well maintained so that it grows successfully. Regular watering once or twice a week is recommended during hot weather, while deep watering once every 10 days is fine in cooler temperatures. How Long Does It Take For Grass Seed To Germinate In October? The answer to this question depends on the type of grass seed you are planting. Cool-season grasses like bluegrass and fescue will take longer to germinate than warm-season grasses like bermudagrass and zoysiagrass. Soil temperature also plays a role in how long it takes for grass seed to germinate. If the soil is too cold, the seed will not germinate at all. Typically, cool-season grasses like bluegrass and fescue will germinate about five to ten days after being planted. Warm-season grasses like bermudagrass and zoysiagrass will take two to four weeks before they are ready to be mowed.

agronomy