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What is a economic trait of Generation Z (Gen Z)?	As consumers, members of Generation Z are typically reliant to the Internet to research their options and to place orders. They tend to be skeptical and will shun firms whose actions and values are contradictory. Their purchases are heavily influenced by trends they see on social media. In the West, while majorities might signal their support for certain ideals such as "environmental consciousness" to pollsters, actual purchases do not reflect their stated views, as can be seen from their high demand for cheap but not durable clothing ("fast fashion"), or preference for rapid delivery. Moreover, young Western consumers of this cohort are less likely to pay a premium for what they want compared to their counterparts from emerging economies.	Gen Z are dependent on the internet to do research and also to place orders. They do not use purchases to signal morals or views, as they tend to purchase fast fashion and prefer fast delivery over quality.	information_extraction	<START_INST>What is a economic trait of Generation Z (Gen Z)?<END_INST><START_CTX>As consumers, members of Generation Z are typically reliant to the Internet to research their options and to place orders. They tend to be skeptical and will shun firms whose actions and values are contradictory. Their purchases are heavily influenced by trends they see on social media. In the West, while majorities might signal their support for certain ideals such as "environmental consciousness" to pollsters, actual purchases do not reflect their stated views, as can be seen from their high demand for cheap but not durable clothing ("fast fashion"), or preference for rapid delivery. Moreover, young Western consumers of this cohort are less likely to pay a premium for what they want compared to their counterparts from emerging economies.<END_CTX><START_A>Gen Z are dependent on the internet to do research and also to place orders. They do not use purchases to signal morals or views, as they tend to purchase fast fashion and prefer fast delivery over quality.<END_A>
Given this reference paragraph about the history of the 'five whys' technique, what was the original intention of asking the 'five whys'?	The technique was originally developed by Sakichi Toyoda and was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies. It is a critical component of problem-solving training, delivered as part of the induction into the Toyota Production System. The architect of the Toyota Production System, Taiichi Ohno, described the five whys method as "the basis of Toyota's scientific approach by repeating why five times the nature of the problem as well as its solution becomes clear." The tool has seen widespread use beyond Toyota, and is now used within Kaizen, lean manufacturing, lean construction and Six Sigma. The five whys were initially developed to understand why new product features or manufacturing techniques were needed, and was not developed for root cause analysis.	The original intention of asking the 'five whys' was to understand why new product features or manufacturing techniques were needed in Toyota's manufacturing practices.	closed_qa	<START_INST>Given this reference paragraph about the history of the 'five whys' technique, what was the original intention of asking the 'five whys'?<END_INST><START_CTX>The technique was originally developed by Sakichi Toyoda and was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies. It is a critical component of problem-solving training, delivered as part of the induction into the Toyota Production System. The architect of the Toyota Production System, Taiichi Ohno, described the five whys method as "the basis of Toyota's scientific approach by repeating why five times the nature of the problem as well as its solution becomes clear." The tool has seen widespread use beyond Toyota, and is now used within Kaizen, lean manufacturing, lean construction and Six Sigma. The five whys were initially developed to understand why new product features or manufacturing techniques were needed, and was not developed for root cause analysis.<END_CTX><START_A>The original intention of asking the 'five whys' was to understand why new product features or manufacturing techniques were needed in Toyota's manufacturing practices.<END_A>
Why do we grow two sets of teeth?		It might seem odd to replace a complete set of teeth, but your first set of milk teeth has done its job by the time you are five or six years old. Milk teeth have helped you chew for essential nourishment and learn to talk when it's time for your body to house a more extensive adult set of teeth. You lose milk teeth and get adult teeth.	open_qa	<START_INST>Why do we grow two sets of teeth?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>It might seem odd to replace a complete set of teeth, but your first set of milk teeth has done its job by the time you are five or six years old. Milk teeth have helped you chew for essential nourishment and learn to talk when it's time for your body to house a more extensive adult set of teeth. You lose milk teeth and get adult teeth.<END_A>
How did India get independence from colonial rule		Non vioalence movement and violence movement both were prevalent, huge number of discussions, fights,protests etc paved way for indepdence	open_qa	<START_INST>How did India get independence from colonial rule<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Non vioalence movement and violence movement both were prevalent, huge number of discussions, fights,protests etc paved way for indepdence<END_A>
Classify the following as either red wines or white wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz		Red wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz White wines: Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc	classification	<START_INST>Classify the following as either red wines or white wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Red wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz White wines: Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc<END_A>
From the passage below, please extract the official starting date of the United States Space Force.	The U.S. Space Force traces its roots to the beginning of the Cold War, with the first Army Air Forces space programs starting in 1945. In 1954, the Western Development Division, under General Bernard Schriever, was established as the first dedicated space organization within the U.S. Armed Forces and continues to exist as the Space Force's Space and Missile Systems Center. Military space forces were organized under several different Air Force major commands until they were unified when Air Force Space Command was established on 1 September 1982. U.S. space forces first began conducting combat support operations in the Vietnam War and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982 Falklands War, 1983 United States invasion of Grenada, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, and 1989 United States invasion of Panama. The first major employment of space forces culminated in the Gulf War, where they proved so critical to the U.S.-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first "space war". The first discussions of creating a military space service occurred in 1958, and it was nearly established in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative, but the idea dissolved with treaty compliance concerns. A 2001 Space Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps around 2007–2011, but no action was taken by the Obama Administration. On 20 December 2019, the United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, reorganizing Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and creating the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.	The United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act on December 20, 2019. This act reorganized the Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and officially created the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.	information_extraction	<START_INST>From the passage below, please extract the official starting date of the United States Space Force.<END_INST><START_CTX>The U.S. Space Force traces its roots to the beginning of the Cold War, with the first Army Air Forces space programs starting in 1945. In 1954, the Western Development Division, under General Bernard Schriever, was established as the first dedicated space organization within the U.S. Armed Forces and continues to exist as the Space Force's Space and Missile Systems Center. Military space forces were organized under several different Air Force major commands until they were unified when Air Force Space Command was established on 1 September 1982. U.S. space forces first began conducting combat support operations in the Vietnam War and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982 Falklands War, 1983 United States invasion of Grenada, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, and 1989 United States invasion of Panama. The first major employment of space forces culminated in the Gulf War, where they proved so critical to the U.S.-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first "space war". The first discussions of creating a military space service occurred in 1958, and it was nearly established in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative, but the idea dissolved with treaty compliance concerns. A 2001 Space Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps around 2007–2011, but no action was taken by the Obama Administration. On 20 December 2019, the United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, reorganizing Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and creating the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.<END_CTX><START_A>The United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act on December 20, 2019. This act reorganized the Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and officially created the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.<END_A>
Extract all the names of people from this article about Robert Ball.	He was born at Queenstown, County Cork. He was the third child of Bob Stawell Ball, a customs official, and Mary Ball (née Green). The Ball family lived in Youghal, County Cork. Robert had two sisters who shared his interest in nature, Anne, a well-known phycologist, and Mary, an entomologist. He also had a brother, Bent (7 March 1806 - 19 May 1860), who did not appear to pursue any interest in these fields. He initially attended a school Clonakilty, before attending a Quaker school in Ballitore, County Kildare where his interest for natural history was developed with encouragement from his schoolmaster James White. He returned to Youghal in 1824 to take up a post as a magistrate which involved travel and was sometimes dangerous, even escaping an assassination attempt, but aided his natural history specimen collecting. He left Youghal for Dublin in 1827, and as he was unable to afford medical studies he worked for 20 years in the civil service, firstly as clerk in the Constabulary and Yeomanry Office, Dublin, and later assistant librarian and keeper of records at the same. He considered the work as "soul-subduing slavery" and pursued his natural history interests, actively associating with the local scientific circles. Ball left the civil service in 1852 with a small pension, as it was deemed he spent too much of his time on scientific pursuits than was suitable for a public servant. He went on natural history excursions with William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, and Edward Forbes apart from travels to museums in Paris and meetings in Great Britain.	Bob Stawell Ball, Mary Ball, Robert Ball, Anne Ball, Mary Ball, Bent Ball, James White, William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, Edward Forbes	information_extraction	<START_INST>Extract all the names of people from this article about Robert Ball.<END_INST><START_CTX>He was born at Queenstown, County Cork. He was the third child of Bob Stawell Ball, a customs official, and Mary Ball (née Green). The Ball family lived in Youghal, County Cork. Robert had two sisters who shared his interest in nature, Anne, a well-known phycologist, and Mary, an entomologist. He also had a brother, Bent (7 March 1806 - 19 May 1860), who did not appear to pursue any interest in these fields. He initially attended a school Clonakilty, before attending a Quaker school in Ballitore, County Kildare where his interest for natural history was developed with encouragement from his schoolmaster James White. He returned to Youghal in 1824 to take up a post as a magistrate which involved travel and was sometimes dangerous, even escaping an assassination attempt, but aided his natural history specimen collecting. He left Youghal for Dublin in 1827, and as he was unable to afford medical studies he worked for 20 years in the civil service, firstly as clerk in the Constabulary and Yeomanry Office, Dublin, and later assistant librarian and keeper of records at the same. He considered the work as "soul-subduing slavery" and pursued his natural history interests, actively associating with the local scientific circles. Ball left the civil service in 1852 with a small pension, as it was deemed he spent too much of his time on scientific pursuits than was suitable for a public servant. He went on natural history excursions with William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, and Edward Forbes apart from travels to museums in Paris and meetings in Great Britain.<END_CTX><START_A>Bob Stawell Ball, Mary Ball, Robert Ball, Anne Ball, Mary Ball, Bent Ball, James White, William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, Edward Forbes<END_A>
Can you classify what each NFL team is named after?		Arizona Cardinals - Animal Atlanta Falcons - Animal Baltimore Ravens - Animal Buffalo Bills - Named after Buffalo Bill Cody Carolina Panthers - Animal Chicago Bears - Animal Cincinnati Bengals - Animal Cleveland Browns - Named after Head Coach Paul Brown Dallas Cowboys - Named after men who tend to cattle Denver Broncos - Animal Detroit Lions - Animal Green Bay Packers - Named after an early sponsor of the team, Indian Packing Company Houston Texans - Named after people who live in Texas Indianapolis Colts - Animal Jacksonville Jaguars - Animal Kansas City Chiefs - Named after former mayor of Kansas City Las Vegas Raiders - Named after a person who attacks their enemy Los Angeles Chargers - Named after a person that moves forward with vigor and force Los Angeles Rams - Animal Miami Dolphins - Animal Minnesota Vikings - Named after a group of people originating in Scandinavia New England Patriots - Named after a person who supports their country New Orleans Saints - Named after a person that religions recognize as holy and virtuous New York Giants - Named after of person of exceptional size New York Jets - Named after a jet airplane Philadelphia Eagles - Animal Pittsburgh Steelers - Named after a person who works in a steel factory San Francisco 49ers - Named after a person who participated in the Gold Rush Seattle Seahawks - Animal Tampa Bay Buccaneers - Named after a pirate Tennessee Titans - Named after a person who is very strong Washington Commanders - Named after a person in the military	classification	<START_INST>Can you classify what each NFL team is named after?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Arizona Cardinals - Animal Atlanta Falcons - Animal Baltimore Ravens - Animal Buffalo Bills - Named after Buffalo Bill Cody Carolina Panthers - Animal Chicago Bears - Animal Cincinnati Bengals - Animal Cleveland Browns - Named after Head Coach Paul Brown Dallas Cowboys - Named after men who tend to cattle Denver Broncos - Animal Detroit Lions - Animal Green Bay Packers - Named after an early sponsor of the team, Indian Packing Company Houston Texans - Named after people who live in Texas Indianapolis Colts - Animal Jacksonville Jaguars - Animal Kansas City Chiefs - Named after former mayor of Kansas City Las Vegas Raiders - Named after a person who attacks their enemy Los Angeles Chargers - Named after a person that moves forward with vigor and force Los Angeles Rams - Animal Miami Dolphins - Animal Minnesota Vikings - Named after a group of people originating in Scandinavia New England Patriots - Named after a person who supports their country New Orleans Saints - Named after a person that religions recognize as holy and virtuous New York Giants - Named after of person of exceptional size New York Jets - Named after a jet airplane Philadelphia Eagles - Animal Pittsburgh Steelers - Named after a person who works in a steel factory San Francisco 49ers - Named after a person who participated in the Gold Rush Seattle Seahawks - Animal Tampa Bay Buccaneers - Named after a pirate Tennessee Titans - Named after a person who is very strong Washington Commanders - Named after a person in the military<END_A>
What are fun activities to do in New Orleans?		New Orleans is an exciting place to visit. Many people go to New Orleans for Mardi Gras parades, with creative floats and beads thrown to onlookers, but this event is just once a year. No matter what time of year you go, make time to appreciate some live music. Jazz and blues are standouts around Frenchman street. The food and beverage scene is also quite compelling, with classics like red beans and rice, fried chicken, delicious seafood, and beignets. Two weekends in the spring combine the music and the food in a giant festival called Jazz Fest, with many stages and vendors spread out for an open-air celebration of the best the city has to offer. There are also comprehensive culture and history museums, including the famous World War 2 museum, because the boats used to storm the beaches at Normandy were inspired by watercraft common to Louisiana.	general_qa	<START_INST>What are fun activities to do in New Orleans?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>New Orleans is an exciting place to visit. Many people go to New Orleans for Mardi Gras parades, with creative floats and beads thrown to onlookers, but this event is just once a year. No matter what time of year you go, make time to appreciate some live music. Jazz and blues are standouts around Frenchman street. The food and beverage scene is also quite compelling, with classics like red beans and rice, fried chicken, delicious seafood, and beignets. Two weekends in the spring combine the music and the food in a giant festival called Jazz Fest, with many stages and vendors spread out for an open-air celebration of the best the city has to offer. There are also comprehensive culture and history museums, including the famous World War 2 museum, because the boats used to storm the beaches at Normandy were inspired by watercraft common to Louisiana.<END_A>
Extract the unique names of composers from the text. Separate them with a comma and a space.	To some extent, European and the US traditions diverged after World War II. Among the most influential composers in Europe were Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, and Karlheinz Stockhausen. The first and last were both pupils of Olivier Messiaen. An important aesthetic philosophy as well as a group of compositional techniques at this time was serialism (also called "through-ordered music", "'total' music" or "total tone ordering"), which took as its starting point the compositions of Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern (but was opposed to traditional twelve-tone music), and was also closely related to Le Corbusier's idea of the modulor. However, some more traditionally based composers such as Dmitri Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten maintained a tonal style of composition despite the prominent serialist movement. In America, composers like Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Elliott Carter, Henry Cowell, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, George Rochberg, and Roger Sessions, formed their own ideas. Some of these composers (Cage, Cowell, Glass, Reich) represented a new methodology of experimental music, which began to question fundamental notions of music such as notation, performance, duration, and repetition, while others (Babbitt, Rochberg, Sessions) fashioned their own extensions of the twelve-tone serialism of Schoenberg.	Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Olivier Messiaen, Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Le Corbusier, Dmitri Shostakovich, Benjamin Britten, Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Elliott Carter, Henry Cowell, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, George Rochberg, Roger Sessions	information_extraction	<START_INST>Extract the unique names of composers from the text. Separate them with a comma and a space.<END_INST><START_CTX>To some extent, European and the US traditions diverged after World War II. Among the most influential composers in Europe were Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, and Karlheinz Stockhausen. The first and last were both pupils of Olivier Messiaen. An important aesthetic philosophy as well as a group of compositional techniques at this time was serialism (also called "through-ordered music", "'total' music" or "total tone ordering"), which took as its starting point the compositions of Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern (but was opposed to traditional twelve-tone music), and was also closely related to Le Corbusier's idea of the modulor. However, some more traditionally based composers such as Dmitri Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten maintained a tonal style of composition despite the prominent serialist movement. In America, composers like Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Elliott Carter, Henry Cowell, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, George Rochberg, and Roger Sessions, formed their own ideas. Some of these composers (Cage, Cowell, Glass, Reich) represented a new methodology of experimental music, which began to question fundamental notions of music such as notation, performance, duration, and repetition, while others (Babbitt, Rochberg, Sessions) fashioned their own extensions of the twelve-tone serialism of Schoenberg.<END_CTX><START_A>Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Olivier Messiaen, Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Le Corbusier, Dmitri Shostakovich, Benjamin Britten, Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Elliott Carter, Henry Cowell, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, George Rochberg, Roger Sessions<END_A>
How do you get dressed in the morning?		Typically, you would put your underwear on first. Then most people would put their socks on, followed by a T-shirt or undershirt, and then any type of dress shirt. After that you would put your pants on, and if you were a belt you would put a belt on, then you would put your shoes on, and then typically people would do their hair. After that, you were ready to take on the day!	general_qa	<START_INST>How do you get dressed in the morning?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Typically, you would put your underwear on first. Then most people would put their socks on, followed by a T-shirt or undershirt, and then any type of dress shirt. After that you would put your pants on, and if you were a belt you would put a belt on, then you would put your shoes on, and then typically people would do their hair. After that, you were ready to take on the day!<END_A>
Based on the information below, when might people have started baking bread?	Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.	Bread typically requires grains as an ingredient, so it’s feasible that humans could make bread when they started gathering grains 105,000 years ago. However, it may be more likely that they began baking bread around the time they began intentionally planting grains 11,500 years ago.	information_extraction	<START_INST>Based on the information below, when might people have started baking bread?<END_INST><START_CTX>Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.<END_CTX><START_A>Bread typically requires grains as an ingredient, so it’s feasible that humans could make bread when they started gathering grains 105,000 years ago. However, it may be more likely that they began baking bread around the time they began intentionally planting grains 11,500 years ago.<END_A>
Prove that 2 + 2 = 5.		2 + 2 does not equal 5, it equals 4.	general_qa	<START_INST>Prove that 2 + 2 = 5.<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>2 + 2 does not equal 5, it equals 4.<END_A>
What are five fun ideas for a first date?		1. Take a cooking class together 2. Tour a local landmark and eat lunch or dinner at local legendary restaurant 3. Go to a local dance club where the opening hour provides dance instruction (line dancing, samba, etc..) 4. Do something youthful: mini golf, go carts, with burgers and ice cream after 5. Spend an hour walking dogs at the local animal shelter followed by a nice lunch	brainstorming	<START_INST>What are five fun ideas for a first date?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>1. Take a cooking class together 2. Tour a local landmark and eat lunch or dinner at local legendary restaurant 3. Go to a local dance club where the opening hour provides dance instruction (line dancing, samba, etc..) 4. Do something youthful: mini golf, go carts, with burgers and ice cream after 5. Spend an hour walking dogs at the local animal shelter followed by a nice lunch<END_A>
What are some good flowers to plant in Hardiness Zone 7?		You can grow a lot of great flowers in Zone 7. For shady areas of your garden, try hostas, lily of the valley, and heuchera. If you have more sun, irises, roses, peonies, and begonias should all do well.	brainstorming	<START_INST>What are some good flowers to plant in Hardiness Zone 7?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>You can grow a lot of great flowers in Zone 7. For shady areas of your garden, try hostas, lily of the valley, and heuchera. If you have more sun, irises, roses, peonies, and begonias should all do well.<END_A>
Why is film photography popular again?		Film photography had seen a long decline in popularity ever since the invention of digital cameras with their remarkable leaps in technological advances. As of today, a decent professional digital camera significantly outperforms the 35mm film cameras in terms of resolution, burst-shooting capabilities, nearly unlimited storage, and etc... In the recent years, the "film look" has made its comeback with lower resolution, grainy texture and unique color rendition. On top of that, half-decent retro-looking film cameras can be acquired for much less than a potent digital camera, lowering the entry barrier for those on the budget and looking for that look. An abundant pool of film stocks also adds to the fun, where each can drastically differ in low-light sensitivity, color rendition, graininess, post-processing chemistry, and of course, price. However, many major photographic film producers have either discontinued or significantly reduced the volume of their production. This, coupled with the surge in the demand, has led to skyrocketing prices on most of the still-available film stocks. On top of this, many popular and sought-after film cameras like the Leica M6, Nikon FM2 and Contax T2 also saw steep increase in their used-market prices. Given these price hikes on films and decades-old equipments, film photography is quickly becoming an expensive hobby, where each click of a shutter could cost more than 50 cents. How ironic is this today, when digital storage is virtually free? The authentic "film look" carries a hefty price tag today, and the future popularity of film photograhy is uncertain.	open_qa	<START_INST>Why is film photography popular again?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Film photography had seen a long decline in popularity ever since the invention of digital cameras with their remarkable leaps in technological advances. As of today, a decent professional digital camera significantly outperforms the 35mm film cameras in terms of resolution, burst-shooting capabilities, nearly unlimited storage, and etc... In the recent years, the "film look" has made its comeback with lower resolution, grainy texture and unique color rendition. On top of that, half-decent retro-looking film cameras can be acquired for much less than a potent digital camera, lowering the entry barrier for those on the budget and looking for that look. An abundant pool of film stocks also adds to the fun, where each can drastically differ in low-light sensitivity, color rendition, graininess, post-processing chemistry, and of course, price. However, many major photographic film producers have either discontinued or significantly reduced the volume of their production. This, coupled with the surge in the demand, has led to skyrocketing prices on most of the still-available film stocks. On top of this, many popular and sought-after film cameras like the Leica M6, Nikon FM2 and Contax T2 also saw steep increase in their used-market prices. Given these price hikes on films and decades-old equipments, film photography is quickly becoming an expensive hobby, where each click of a shutter could cost more than 50 cents. How ironic is this today, when digital storage is virtually free? The authentic "film look" carries a hefty price tag today, and the future popularity of film photograhy is uncertain.<END_A>
According to the text below about UVA, name the UVA alumni that have won the Pulitzer Prize.	Rhodes Scholarships are international postgraduate awards given to students to study at the University of Oxford. Since the scholarship program began in 1904, UVA has had fifty-five Rhodes Scholars, the most of any university in the American South, eighth-most overall, and third-most outside the Ivy League (behind Stanford University and the United States Military Academy (West Point)). Eight NASA astronauts and launch directors are UVA alumni: Karl Gordon Henize, Bill Nelson, Thomas Marshburn, Leland Melvin, Jeff Wisoff, Kathryn Thornton, Patrick Forrester; and Michael Leinbach. The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to eight UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.	The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.	closed_qa	<START_INST>According to the text below about UVA, name the UVA alumni that have won the Pulitzer Prize.<END_INST><START_CTX>Rhodes Scholarships are international postgraduate awards given to students to study at the University of Oxford. Since the scholarship program began in 1904, UVA has had fifty-five Rhodes Scholars, the most of any university in the American South, eighth-most overall, and third-most outside the Ivy League (behind Stanford University and the United States Military Academy (West Point)). Eight NASA astronauts and launch directors are UVA alumni: Karl Gordon Henize, Bill Nelson, Thomas Marshburn, Leland Melvin, Jeff Wisoff, Kathryn Thornton, Patrick Forrester; and Michael Leinbach. The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to eight UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.<END_CTX><START_A>The Pulitzer Prize has been awarded to UVA alumni: Edward P. Jones, Ron Suskind, Virginius Dabney, Claudia Emerson, Henry Taylor, Lane DeGregory, George Rodrigue, and Michael Vitez.<END_A>
How to make a traditional cup of English tea?		Add loose leaf tea to a china teapot and add near boiling water. Allow the tea to brew for 4-5 minutes. Following this time pour the tea through a tea strainer to catch the loose leaves and for the brewed tea to flow into a tea cup. Fill the cup three quarters high and add milk and sugar to your taste. Enjoy your traditional cup of English tea.	open_qa	<START_INST>How to make a traditional cup of English tea?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Add loose leaf tea to a china teapot and add near boiling water. Allow the tea to brew for 4-5 minutes. Following this time pour the tea through a tea strainer to catch the loose leaves and for the brewed tea to flow into a tea cup. Fill the cup three quarters high and add milk and sugar to your taste. Enjoy your traditional cup of English tea.<END_A>
Name the top four benefits and drawbacks of playing Factorio.		Factorio is a highly acclaimed factory automation video game. The top four benefits of playing Factorio are: 1. Develop logistical management skills 2. Connect with friends from around the world 3. The variety of mods keeps the game always fresh 4. Massive time commitment distracts you from committing crime The four top drawbacks of Factorio are: 1. The rest of your game library goes unplayed 2. You are distracted from your non-game relationships 3. The open-ended nature lacks a definitive goal 4. Massive save files clutter your hard drive	brainstorming	<START_INST>Name the top four benefits and drawbacks of playing Factorio.<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Factorio is a highly acclaimed factory automation video game. The top four benefits of playing Factorio are: 1. Develop logistical management skills 2. Connect with friends from around the world 3. The variety of mods keeps the game always fresh 4. Massive time commitment distracts you from committing crime The four top drawbacks of Factorio are: 1. The rest of your game library goes unplayed 2. You are distracted from your non-game relationships 3. The open-ended nature lacks a definitive goal 4. Massive save files clutter your hard drive<END_A>
Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases?		First, let's see the definition of a bond's price and yield. A bond's price is what investors are willing to pay for an existing bond. A bond's yield is the return to an investor from the bond's interest, or coupon, payments. The typical treasury bond has a fixed yield for X years (X = 5, 10, etc) from the time it is purchased. When we say bond yield increases, it is referring to the newly issued bond will have a higher yield than previously issued bond. Because those new bonds provide higher yield, the existing bonds will need to drop its price otherwise people won't buy them, they would just buy the newly issued bonds.	open_qa	<START_INST>Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>First, let's see the definition of a bond's price and yield. A bond's price is what investors are willing to pay for an existing bond. A bond's yield is the return to an investor from the bond's interest, or coupon, payments. The typical treasury bond has a fixed yield for X years (X = 5, 10, etc) from the time it is purchased. When we say bond yield increases, it is referring to the newly issued bond will have a higher yield than previously issued bond. Because those new bonds provide higher yield, the existing bonds will need to drop its price otherwise people won't buy them, they would just buy the newly issued bonds.<END_A>
What's the best career advise you could give a new graduate entering into a technical or analytics field?		A key feature of any technical or analytics job is that you will be constantly challenged with new trying something new. You will need to learn to learn, i.e. to teach yourself new techniques and new technology, and to have the courage to apply these things to complex challenges where it's not always clear that you have the right answer (and where very few if any people can fully validate your work). For many people, the uncertainty and risk of failure associated with these situations tends to push them towards safe and known opportunities with well-tread paths for them to follow. If you crave a fulfilling career, have the courage to pursue the paths less traveled, acknowledge and learn from your failures and surround yourself with others similarly willing to stretch and grow. You will find such choices lead to a more satisfying career over the longer term.	general_qa	<START_INST>What's the best career advise you could give a new graduate entering into a technical or analytics field?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>A key feature of any technical or analytics job is that you will be constantly challenged with new trying something new. You will need to learn to learn, i.e. to teach yourself new techniques and new technology, and to have the courage to apply these things to complex challenges where it's not always clear that you have the right answer (and where very few if any people can fully validate your work). For many people, the uncertainty and risk of failure associated with these situations tends to push them towards safe and known opportunities with well-tread paths for them to follow. If you crave a fulfilling career, have the courage to pursue the paths less traveled, acknowledge and learn from your failures and surround yourself with others similarly willing to stretch and grow. You will find such choices lead to a more satisfying career over the longer term.<END_A>
Why are Christmas markets so popular in Germany?		Germans love Christmas markets because they are a lot of fun. They are a great way to socialize and get out of the house in the darkest time of the year. Christmas markets start at the end of November and last until Christmas. Every small town has at least one. It's best to go there when it's cold, because everybody drinks Gluehwein (mulled wine) to warm up. You can find typical German food at these markets as well as local crafts, so you can get your Christmas shopping done.	general_qa	<START_INST>Why are Christmas markets so popular in Germany?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Germans love Christmas markets because they are a lot of fun. They are a great way to socialize and get out of the house in the darkest time of the year. Christmas markets start at the end of November and last until Christmas. Every small town has at least one. It's best to go there when it's cold, because everybody drinks Gluehwein (mulled wine) to warm up. You can find typical German food at these markets as well as local crafts, so you can get your Christmas shopping done.<END_A>
Give me some examples of igneous rocks.		Granite and basalt are igneous rocks.	brainstorming	<START_INST>Give me some examples of igneous rocks.<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Granite and basalt are igneous rocks.<END_A>
Tell me three key things to do to drive a car faster on a track		Driving a car on a track can be an exhilarating experience, but there a few rules to keep in mind. Here are three key things to remember: 1. Eyes up - Many drivers have a tendency to look directly at the end of the hood or at the next cone or apex. Keep your eyes up and to be able to assess where you want to go. 2. Look where you want to go - Your hands on the steering wheel follow your eyes, so look where you want to go, not what you want to avoid or navigate. For example. you should be looking at the exit of a turn as you enter the turn (or the apex if it's a wide turn) 3. Slow in, fast out - Cornering can be particularly tricky, because we tend to turn in too fast and too early, which can set up for a slow exit. Brake hard, take it slow, and wait to turn into a corner to best position you and the car to accelerate swiftly out of the turn.	creative_writing	<START_INST>Tell me three key things to do to drive a car faster on a track<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Driving a car on a track can be an exhilarating experience, but there a few rules to keep in mind. Here are three key things to remember: 1. Eyes up - Many drivers have a tendency to look directly at the end of the hood or at the next cone or apex. Keep your eyes up and to be able to assess where you want to go. 2. Look where you want to go - Your hands on the steering wheel follow your eyes, so look where you want to go, not what you want to avoid or navigate. For example. you should be looking at the exit of a turn as you enter the turn (or the apex if it's a wide turn) 3. Slow in, fast out - Cornering can be particularly tricky, because we tend to turn in too fast and too early, which can set up for a slow exit. Brake hard, take it slow, and wait to turn into a corner to best position you and the car to accelerate swiftly out of the turn.<END_A>
who is the worlds most popular cricketer?		Virat kholi is the worlds most popular cricketer with over 242 million instagram followers	general_qa	<START_INST>who is the worlds most popular cricketer?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Virat kholi is the worlds most popular cricketer with over 242 million instagram followers<END_A>
What's an unpopular opinion you have?		An unpopular opinion I have is that 5:00 pm in the evening is the best time to eat dinner. Many cultures enjoy eating dinner late at night. Many young people prefer to eat at night so that they can enjoy the company of friends and a drink at night. Typically, only elderly people and small children eat dinner at an earlier time. I prefer to eat dinner early because most of the best restaurants have open reservations at 5:00 pm, so I can almost always get a good table. I'm not particularly eager to eat late in the evening because then I have a hard time sleeping at night. I prefer to have dinner at 5:00 pm because it starts the evening earlier, forces you to leave work and allows you to spend the whole evening with your friends and family. It leaves space for the evening to unfold.	general_qa	<START_INST>What's an unpopular opinion you have?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>An unpopular opinion I have is that 5:00 pm in the evening is the best time to eat dinner. Many cultures enjoy eating dinner late at night. Many young people prefer to eat at night so that they can enjoy the company of friends and a drink at night. Typically, only elderly people and small children eat dinner at an earlier time. I prefer to eat dinner early because most of the best restaurants have open reservations at 5:00 pm, so I can almost always get a good table. I'm not particularly eager to eat late in the evening because then I have a hard time sleeping at night. I prefer to have dinner at 5:00 pm because it starts the evening earlier, forces you to leave work and allows you to spend the whole evening with your friends and family. It leaves space for the evening to unfold.<END_A>
What triggers urticaria at night and why are hives and itching at their worst?		Getting hives at night could mean that you have come into contact that triggers the allergic reaction. It could very well be something you ate or the fabric of your sheets or your current environment. One must avoid triggers and use anti-itch medicine without prescription to alleviate the problem.	general_qa	<START_INST>What triggers urticaria at night and why are hives and itching at their worst?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Getting hives at night could mean that you have come into contact that triggers the allergic reaction. It could very well be something you ate or the fabric of your sheets or your current environment. One must avoid triggers and use anti-itch medicine without prescription to alleviate the problem.<END_A>
Classify each of the following countries as either democratic or authoritarian: USA, Russia, China, Sweden, UK.		According to the Democracy Index, compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) USA, Sweden and UK are fully democratic countries whereas Russia and China belong to authoritarian regimes.	classification	<START_INST>Classify each of the following countries as either democratic or authoritarian: USA, Russia, China, Sweden, UK.<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>According to the Democracy Index, compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) USA, Sweden and UK are fully democratic countries whereas Russia and China belong to authoritarian regimes.<END_A>
Given a reference text about Anne Elizabeth Howells, tell me the names' of her parents and how she died.	Anne Elizabeth Howells (12 January 1941 – 18 May 2022) was a British operatic mezzo-soprano. Biography Howells was born in Southport, Lancashire on 12 January 1941, the daughter of Trevor Howells and Mona Howells (née Hewart). She was educated at Sale Grammar School, where her teachers included Alfred Higson. She further studied music at the Royal Manchester College of Music (now the Royal Northern College of Music), where her teachers included Frederic Cox. Howells continued singing studies with Vera Rózsa. Howells sang in productions at Glyndebourne, the Royal Opera House, and with the Metropolitan Opera in New York, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the opera houses of both San Francisco and Los Angeles, the four Parisian opera houses, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, the Salzburger Festspiele, the Vienna Staatsoper, the Carnegie Hall, and the Musikverein of Vienna. She sang in the premieres of Rolf Liebermann's Forêt (as Régine), Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon (as Cathleen) and of Richard Rodney Bennett's Victory (as Lena). Following her retirement from public performance, Howells taught at the Royal Academy of Music.	Anne Elizabeth Howells parents are Trevor and Mona Howells. She died from myeloma.	closed_qa	<START_INST>Given a reference text about Anne Elizabeth Howells, tell me the names' of her parents and how she died.<END_INST><START_CTX>Anne Elizabeth Howells (12 January 1941 – 18 May 2022) was a British operatic mezzo-soprano. Biography Howells was born in Southport, Lancashire on 12 January 1941, the daughter of Trevor Howells and Mona Howells (née Hewart). She was educated at Sale Grammar School, where her teachers included Alfred Higson. She further studied music at the Royal Manchester College of Music (now the Royal Northern College of Music), where her teachers included Frederic Cox. Howells continued singing studies with Vera Rózsa. Howells sang in productions at Glyndebourne, the Royal Opera House, and with the Metropolitan Opera in New York, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the opera houses of both San Francisco and Los Angeles, the four Parisian opera houses, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, the Salzburger Festspiele, the Vienna Staatsoper, the Carnegie Hall, and the Musikverein of Vienna. She sang in the premieres of Rolf Liebermann's Forêt (as Régine), Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon (as Cathleen) and of Richard Rodney Bennett's Victory (as Lena). Following her retirement from public performance, Howells taught at the Royal Academy of Music.<END_CTX><START_A>Anne Elizabeth Howells parents are Trevor and Mona Howells. She died from myeloma.<END_A>
How long have musical instruments been in existence?	The date and origin of the first device considered a musical instrument is disputed. The oldest object that some scholars refer to as a musical instrument, a simple flute, dates back as far as 50,000 - 60,000 years. Some consensus dates early flutes to about 40,000 years ago. However, most historians believe that determining a specific time of musical instrument invention is impossible, as many early musical instruments were made from animal skins, bone, wood, and other non-durable materials.	This depends on what is defined as a musical instrument. In very ancient civilizations humans likely used non-durable materials to create rhythm or music. These likely included animal skins, wood and other materials that long ago degraded with no remaining physical record. If one defines the first musical instrument as a device specifically made for the purpose of creating a musical melody, it is likely the simple flute. But there is debate about when the first flute was made, ranging from 40,000 to 60,000 years ago.	summarization	<START_INST>How long have musical instruments been in existence?<END_INST><START_CTX>The date and origin of the first device considered a musical instrument is disputed. The oldest object that some scholars refer to as a musical instrument, a simple flute, dates back as far as 50,000 - 60,000 years. Some consensus dates early flutes to about 40,000 years ago. However, most historians believe that determining a specific time of musical instrument invention is impossible, as many early musical instruments were made from animal skins, bone, wood, and other non-durable materials.<END_CTX><START_A>This depends on what is defined as a musical instrument. In very ancient civilizations humans likely used non-durable materials to create rhythm or music. These likely included animal skins, wood and other materials that long ago degraded with no remaining physical record. If one defines the first musical instrument as a device specifically made for the purpose of creating a musical melody, it is likely the simple flute. But there is debate about when the first flute was made, ranging from 40,000 to 60,000 years ago.<END_A>
My husband and I are planning a ten-day trip to Italy in September, is this a good time to visit?		How exciting, September is a wonderful time to visit Italy! It is the final month of Summer in Italy when many local residents are returning to work or school which means that many of the more popular destinations will be much more accessible than if you were to visit during June, July or August. You may still find a number of tourists visiting through the first half of the month as the weather is milder than in the height of the summer. You will find plenty of beautiful sunny days so pack your shades and sunscreen and enjoy the many wonderful sights across the region. Note that within the northern areas of Italy, the weather does becomes progressively chillier in the evenings towards the end of the month so it's a good idea to pack a lightweight jacket to be sure you're protected from the elements during your visit. To you and your husband, buon viaggio!	general_qa	<START_INST>My husband and I are planning a ten-day trip to Italy in September, is this a good time to visit?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>How exciting, September is a wonderful time to visit Italy! It is the final month of Summer in Italy when many local residents are returning to work or school which means that many of the more popular destinations will be much more accessible than if you were to visit during June, July or August. You may still find a number of tourists visiting through the first half of the month as the weather is milder than in the height of the summer. You will find plenty of beautiful sunny days so pack your shades and sunscreen and enjoy the many wonderful sights across the region. Note that within the northern areas of Italy, the weather does becomes progressively chillier in the evenings towards the end of the month so it's a good idea to pack a lightweight jacket to be sure you're protected from the elements during your visit. To you and your husband, buon viaggio!<END_A>
Let me know some different ways that someone can get healthier.		Healthy habits are incremental, so making small changes every day can make a difference over time. Some ideas in which to be healthier include drinking more water each day, as most people do not consume enough water. You could also try to increase your activity and maybe schedule 30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise each day. Try to eat more whole-foods that include fruit and vegetables and avoid processed foods and of course, at least 7 hours of sleep each night is important for full recovery.	brainstorming	<START_INST>Let me know some different ways that someone can get healthier.<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Healthy habits are incremental, so making small changes every day can make a difference over time. Some ideas in which to be healthier include drinking more water each day, as most people do not consume enough water. You could also try to increase your activity and maybe schedule 30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise each day. Try to eat more whole-foods that include fruit and vegetables and avoid processed foods and of course, at least 7 hours of sleep each night is important for full recovery.<END_A>
Please provide a bulleted list of the movies Tessa Thompson performed in from this passage.	Tessa Thompson is an American actress of film and television. Thompson gained favorable notices for her early film performances in the comedy-drama Dear White People, Selma (both in 2014). She gained mainstream attention for her roles in franchise films playing Bianca Taylor in the sport dramas Creed (2015) and Creed II (2018), and for her starring role as Valkyrie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), as well as her leading role in the science fiction franchise film Men in Black: International (2019). She also has received critical praise for her roles in independent films such as Sorry to Bother You (2018), Little Woods (2018), Annihilation (2018), the romantic drama Sylvie's Love (2020), and the period film Passing (2021), the latter of which earned her a British Academy Film Award nomination.	Tessa Thompson performed in the following films: Dear White People Selma Creed Creed II Thor: Ragnarok Avengers: Endgame Thor: Love and Thunder Men In Black: International Sorry To Bother You Little Woods Annihilation Sylvie’s Love Passing	summarization	<START_INST>Please provide a bulleted list of the movies Tessa Thompson performed in from this passage.<END_INST><START_CTX>Tessa Thompson is an American actress of film and television. Thompson gained favorable notices for her early film performances in the comedy-drama Dear White People, Selma (both in 2014). She gained mainstream attention for her roles in franchise films playing Bianca Taylor in the sport dramas Creed (2015) and Creed II (2018), and for her starring role as Valkyrie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), as well as her leading role in the science fiction franchise film Men in Black: International (2019). She also has received critical praise for her roles in independent films such as Sorry to Bother You (2018), Little Woods (2018), Annihilation (2018), the romantic drama Sylvie's Love (2020), and the period film Passing (2021), the latter of which earned her a British Academy Film Award nomination.<END_CTX><START_A>Tessa Thompson performed in the following films: Dear White People Selma Creed Creed II Thor: Ragnarok Avengers: Endgame Thor: Love and Thunder Men In Black: International Sorry To Bother You Little Woods Annihilation Sylvie’s Love Passing<END_A>
From the passage provided, extract the net retention rate using the format: NRR {x%} Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth 7,828 total customers Net revenue retention rate of 158% 330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program		NRR 158%	general_qa	<START_INST>From the passage provided, extract the net retention rate using the format: NRR {x%} Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth 7,828 total customers Net revenue retention rate of 158% 330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>NRR 158%<END_A>
How many parts did O.J.: Made in America have, and could a documentary with the same length win an Oscar today?	The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2017. Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast and the first LGBT-themed film to win Best Picture. In an event unprecedented in the history of the Oscars, La La Land was incorrectly announced as the Best Picture, and, a few minutes later, the error was corrected and Moonlight was declared the winner. O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new academy rules barred any "multi-part or limited series" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and Tony wins.	O.J.: Made in America had 5 parts. Today, documentaries cannot be multi part, so a 5 part documentary could no longer win an Oscar.	closed_qa	<START_INST>How many parts did O.J.: Made in America have, and could a documentary with the same length win an Oscar today?<END_INST><START_CTX>The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2017. Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast and the first LGBT-themed film to win Best Picture. In an event unprecedented in the history of the Oscars, La La Land was incorrectly announced as the Best Picture, and, a few minutes later, the error was corrected and Moonlight was declared the winner. O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new academy rules barred any "multi-part or limited series" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and Tony wins.<END_CTX><START_A>O.J.: Made in America had 5 parts. Today, documentaries cannot be multi part, so a 5 part documentary could no longer win an Oscar.<END_A>
Does spark provide date & time when a particular event is received in the structured streaming?		Not directly. The source of the data is responsible for event time, the “arrival” time is typically the timestamp from the message server source you are reading from (Kafka, Kinesis, etc.) and the “processing” time can be inserted when processing the incomming data stream using the functions package current_timestamp function. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.sql.functions$ This isn’t exactly when Spark received the data from the server but is close and will be grouped by trigger interval. Note that this function can not be used when in continuous mode. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/structured-streaming-programming-guide.html#supported-queries	creative_writing	<START_INST>Does spark provide date & time when a particular event is received in the structured streaming?<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Not directly. The source of the data is responsible for event time, the “arrival” time is typically the timestamp from the message server source you are reading from (Kafka, Kinesis, etc.) and the “processing” time can be inserted when processing the incomming data stream using the functions package current_timestamp function. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.sql.functions$ This isn’t exactly when Spark received the data from the server but is close and will be grouped by trigger interval. Note that this function can not be used when in continuous mode. https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/structured-streaming-programming-guide.html#supported-queries<END_A>
What languages are spoken in Switzerland	The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica). In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh. The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.	The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica). In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh. The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.	closed_qa	<START_INST>What languages are spoken in Switzerland<END_INST><START_CTX>The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica). In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh. The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.<END_CTX><START_A>The four national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the national level within the Federal Administration of the Swiss Confederation, while Romansh is used in dealings with people who speak it. Latin is occasionally used in some formal contexts, particularly to denote the country (Confederatio Helvetica). In 2020, 62.3% of the population of Switzerland were native speakers of German (either Swiss German or Standard German) at home; 22.8% French (mostly Swiss French, but including some Franco-Provençal dialects); 8% Italian (mostly Swiss Italian, but including Lombard); and 0.5% Romansh. The German region (Deutschschweiz) is roughly in the east, north, and centre; the French part (la Romandie) in the west; and the Italian area (Svizzera italiana) in the south. There remains a small Romansh-speaking native population in Grisons in the east. The cantons of Fribourg, Bern, and Valais are officially bilingual; Grisons is officially trilingual.<END_A>
Name some of the famous battles from the American Revolutionary War		Famous battles from the American Revolutionary War include Battle of Bunker Hill, Battles of Lexington and Concord, and Yorktown	open_qa	<START_INST>Name some of the famous battles from the American Revolutionary War<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>Famous battles from the American Revolutionary War include Battle of Bunker Hill, Battles of Lexington and Concord, and Yorktown<END_A>
Given that the current year is 2023, how old is Chevron?	Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s. The company grew quickly after the breakup of Standard Oil by acquiring companies and partnering with others, eventually becoming one of the Seven Sisters that dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. In 1985, Socal merged with the Pittsburgh-based Gulf Oil and rebranded as Chevron; the newly merged company later merged with Texaco in 2001. Today, Chevron manufactures and sells fuels, lubricants, additives, and petrochemicals, primarily in Western North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Southeast Asia, South Korea and Australia. In 2018, the company produced an average of 791,000 barrels of net oil-equivalent per day in United States.	Because the current year is 2023 and Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s, Chevron is roughly between 143 and 153 years old.	closed_qa	<START_INST>Given that the current year is 2023, how old is Chevron?<END_INST><START_CTX>Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s. The company grew quickly after the breakup of Standard Oil by acquiring companies and partnering with others, eventually becoming one of the Seven Sisters that dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. In 1985, Socal merged with the Pittsburgh-based Gulf Oil and rebranded as Chevron; the newly merged company later merged with Texaco in 2001. Today, Chevron manufactures and sells fuels, lubricants, additives, and petrochemicals, primarily in Western North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Southeast Asia, South Korea and Australia. In 2018, the company produced an average of 791,000 barrels of net oil-equivalent per day in United States.<END_CTX><START_A>Because the current year is 2023 and Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s, Chevron is roughly between 143 and 153 years old.<END_A>
What is the best way to file California State Tax for Spouse Abroad in community property jurisdiction countries like China? The goal is to minimize the tax for community property income.		For resident spouse in California (CA) and non-resident spouse living and working in China, you can file Federal tax jointly and California state tax separately to minimize the community property income. But since both the California state and China are community property jurisdiction, only 50% of the non-resident spouse's income can be exempt from CA state tax, i.e. 100% of the resident spouse's California source income needs to be filed (50% in resident's form 540, and another 50% in non-resident's form 540NR), and 50% of non-resident spouse's foreign income needs to be filed in resident's Form 540. Note that Foreign Tax Credit or Exemption cannot be applied to state tax like federal tax.	open_qa	<START_INST>What is the best way to file California State Tax for Spouse Abroad in community property jurisdiction countries like China? The goal is to minimize the tax for community property income.<END_INST><START_CTX><END_CTX><START_A>For resident spouse in California (CA) and non-resident spouse living and working in China, you can file Federal tax jointly and California state tax separately to minimize the community property income. But since both the California state and China are community property jurisdiction, only 50% of the non-resident spouse's income can be exempt from CA state tax, i.e. 100% of the resident spouse's California source income needs to be filed (50% in resident's form 540, and another 50% in non-resident's form 540NR), and 50% of non-resident spouse's foreign income needs to be filed in resident's Form 540. Note that Foreign Tax Credit or Exemption cannot be applied to state tax like federal tax.<END_A>