id stringlengths 26 32 | title stringlengths 2 90 | context stringlengths 24 19.9k | question stringlengths 1 213 | answers sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
english--9041575374418655524-12 | Quantum field theory | Quantum field theory naturally began with the study of electromagnetic interactions, as the electromagnetic field was the only known classical field as of the 1920s.[8]:1 | When was quantum field theory developed? | {
"text": [
"1920s"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
english-1971662537536642354-0 | List of Nobel laureates in Literature | The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry,... | Who was the first Nobel prize winner for Literature? | {
"text": [
"Sully Prudhomme"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
english-3099181763220861848-0 | Dialectic | Dialectic or dialectics (Greek: διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments. Dialectic resembles debate, but the concep... | When is the dialectical method used? | {
"text": [
"discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
english--7401589230432947246-2 | Origin of Hangul | Hangul was personally created and promulgated by the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty, Sejong the Great.[1][2] Sejong's scholarly institute, the Hall of Worthies, is often credited with the work, and at least one of its scholars was heavily involved in its creation, but it appears to have also been a personal project ... | Who invented Hangul? | {
"text": [
"Sejong the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
english-8170950319509398722-2 | Grasshopper | Grasshoppers are plant-eaters, with a few species at times becoming serious pests of cereals, vegetables and pasture, especially when they swarm in their millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas. They protect themselves from predators by camouflage; when detected, many species attempt to startle the predat... | What do Grasshoppers eat? | {
"text": [
"Grasshoppers are plant-eaters, with a few species at times becoming serious pests of cereals, vegetables and pasture, especially when they swarm in their millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english-7856995747656352673-0 | Kerman Province | Kerman Province (Persian: استان کرمان, Ostān-e Kermān) is the largest province of the 31 provinces of Iran. Kerman is in the southeast of Iran with its administrative center in the city of Kerman. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5.[3] Mentioned in ancient times as the Achamenid satrapy of Carmania,[4] it is the first-... | How large is the Kerman province of southeastern Iran? | {
"text": [
"183,285km"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
english--4029471118963440471-0 | Guitar Hero Live | Guitar Hero Live is a music video game developed by FreeStyleGames and published by Activision. It was released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One in October 2015 and to iOS devices including Apple TV in November 2015. As with previous games in the series, the goal is to use a special guita... | When was Guitar Hero Live first released? | {
"text": [
"October 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
english-4738970019108936693-2 | Bluebonnet (plant) | On March 7, 1901, Lupinus subcarnosus became the only species of bluebonnet recognized as the state flower of Texas;[2] however, Lupinus texensis emerged as the favorite of most Texans. So, in 1971, the Texas Legislature made any similar species of Lupinus that could be found in Texas the state flower.[3][4] | When were bluebonnets named the state flower of Texas? | {
"text": [
"March 7, 1901"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
english--5450594619702972120-0 | Clannad (visual novel) | Clannad(クラナド,Kuranado) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key and released on April 28, 2004 for Windows PCs. While both of Key's first two previous works, Kanon and Air, had been released first as adult games and then censored for the younger market, Clannad was released with a rating for all ages. It was later p... | Who created the series Clannad? | {
"text": [
"Key"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
english-6355007860770835627-1 | USS Taylor (FFG-50) | Taylor's keel was laid down by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine, on May 5, 1983. She was launched November 5, 1983, and commissioned December 1, 1984 in Bath, Maine. Taylor was sponsored by Barbara A. Taylor, the widow of the ship's namesake, and Diane Taylor-Oeland as matron of honor. | When was the USS Taylor built? | {
"text": [
"May 5, 1983"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
english--5325278607259251434-0 | Murder (United States law) | In the United States, the law regarding murder varies by jurisdiction. In most U.S. jurisdictions there is a hierarchy of acts, known collectively as homicide, of which first degree murder and felony murder are the most serious, followed by second degree murder, followed by voluntary manslaughter and involuntary mansla... | What's the difference between man-slaughter and homicide? | {
"text": [
"In most U.S. jurisdictions there is a hierarchy of acts, known collectively as homicide, of which first degree murder and felony murder are the most serious, followed by second degree murder, followed by voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter which are not as serious, and ending finally ... |
english-854290644129079030-0 | Guardians of the Universe | The Guardians of the Universe are a fictional race of extraterrestrials appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Green Lantern. They first appeared in Green Lantern Vol. 2, Issue 1 (July 1960), and were created by John Broome and Gil Kane.[1] The Guardians of the Universe h... | When did DC comics first introduce the Guardians of the Universe? | {
"text": [
"July 1960"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
english-7771571309847476133-10 | Kakapo | The kakapo is a large, rotund parrot; the adult can measure from 58 to 64cm (23 to 25in) in length, and weight can vary from 0.95 to 4kg (2 to 9lb) at maturity.[13][14] Males are larger than females. Twenty-eight males were found to average 2kg (4.4lb) in one study, and 39 males were found to average 2.06kg (4.5lb) in ... | What is the largest parrot in New Zealand? | {
"text": [
"Kakapo"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
english-1057178719854760261-1 | Assassin's Creed | The video game series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol,[1] while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series.[2] It begins with the self-titled game in 2007, and has featured eleven main games. The most recent released game is 2018's Assassin's Creed Odyssey. | When was the first Assassin's Creed released? | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
english-8980264494463500301-1 | Atmosphere of Earth | By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen,[2] 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air content and atmospheric pressure vary at different layers, a... | What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is oxygen? | {
"text": [
"20.95%"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
english--345185022462567736-0 | X-Men (TV series) | X-Men, also known as X-Men: The Animated Series, is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31, 1992, in the United States on the Fox Kids network.[2] X-Men was Marvel Comics' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot, X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men, was not picked up. | When was the X-Men cartoon television series first aired? | {
"text": [
"October 31, 1992"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
english--4889281637452900605-0 | Battle of Suoi Chau Pha | The Battle of Suoi Chau Pha (6 August 1967) was fought during the Vietnam War between Australian troops and the Viet Cong. The battle took place during Operation Ballarat, an Australian search and destroy operation in the eastern Hat Dich area, north-west of Nui Dat in Phuoc Tuy province. Following a covert insertion t... | When was the Battle of Suoi Chau Pha fought? | {
"text": [
"6 August 1967"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
english-7361757309000830847-0 | Cho Nam-chul | Cho Namchul (November 30, 1923 - July 2, 2006, alternately Cho Namcheol) was a professional Go player (Baduk in Korean). He died of natural causes in Seoul at the age of 83. | How old was Cho Namchul when he died? | {
"text": [
"83"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
english--8219387603538564234-0 | Bill the Goat | Bill the Goat is the mascot of the United States Naval Academy. The mascot is a live goat and is also represented by a costumed midshipman. There is also a bronze statue of the goat in the north end zone of Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium.[1] This statue also plays a role in "Army Week" traditions. | What is the Navy's military mascot? | {
"text": [
"Bill the Goat"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english-2597391587796947642-0 | Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council | The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom,... | How many permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are there? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
english-2314954037367256729-0 | Gundam | Gundam(Japanese:ガンダム,Hepburn:Gandamu), also known as the Gundam series(ガンダムシリーズ,Gandamu Shirīzu), is a science fiction media franchise created by Sunrise that features giant robots (mecha) with the name "Gundam" (after the original titular mecha). The franchise began on April 7, 1979 with Mobile Suit Gundam, a TV seri... | Who created the Gundam animated series? | {
"text": [
"Sunrise"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
english--4064393802343128038-0 | Lucha libre | Lucha libre (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈlut͡ʃa ˈliβɾe], meaning "freestyle wrestling"[1] or literally translated as "free fight") is the term used in México for professional wrestling. Since its introduction to Mexico in the early 20th century, it has developed into a unique form of the genre, characterized by colorful ma... | How long has Lucha Libre been around? | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
english--470102827213144267-2 | Theory of relativity | Albert Einstein published the theory of special relativity in 1905, building on many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others. Max Planck, Hermann Minkowski and others did subsequent work. | When was special relativity developed? | {
"text": [
"1905"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
english--6448329809649236481-1 | Marxism | Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. | When did Marxism develop? | {
"text": [
"19th-century"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
english-5760631315259896602-1 | Assassin's Creed | The video game series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol,[1] while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series.[2] It begins with the self-titled game in 2007, and has featured eleven main games. The most recent released game is 2018's Assassin's Creed Odyssey. | Which Assassin's Creed is the latest released? | {
"text": [
"Assassin's Creed Odyssey"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
english--1291839753890820969-2 | Guerrilla warfare | The Spanish word "guerrilla" is the diminutive form of "guerra" ("war"). The term became popular during the early-19th century Peninsular War, when the Spanish and Portuguese people rose against the Napoleonic troops and fought against a highly superior army using the guerrilla strategy. In correct Spanish usage, a per... | Why is it called guerrilla? | {
"text": [
"is the diminutive form of \"guerra\" (\"war\")"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
english-1362246171236399702-11 | Andrei Tarkovsky | Tarkovsky's first feature film was Ivan's Childhood in 1962. He had inherited the film from director Eduard Abalov, who had to abort the project. The film earned Tarkovsky international acclaim and won the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival in the year 1962. In the same year, on 30 September, his first son A... | What was the first film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky? | {
"text": [
"Ivan's Childhood"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
english--3229540493387275641-0 | Emperor Xian of Han | Emperor Xian of Han (2 April 181 – 21 April 234), personal name Liu Xie, courtesy name Bohe, was the 14th and last emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty in China. He reigned from 28 September 189 until 11 December 220.[4][5] | Who was the last Han Dynasty Emperor? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Xian of Han"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english-3152779224481001639-0 | Happy Days (TV theme) | "Happy Days" is a song written by Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox. It is the theme song of the 1970s television series Happy Days.[3] It can be heard during the TV show's opening and closing credits as it runs in perpetual rerun syndication. | Who wrote the song "Happy Days"? | {
"text": [
"Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
english-3163451412262661814-0 | Emperor Gaozu of Tang | Emperor Gaozu of Tang (7 April 566 – 25 June 635), born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude, was the founder of the Tang Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of this dynasty from 618 to 626. Under the Sui dynasty, Li Yuan was the governor in the area of modern-day Shanxi, and was based in Taiyuan. | Who was the first ruler of the Tang dynasty? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Gaozu of Tang"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english--520839906330608111-11 | History of the World Wide Web | The first web page may be lost, but Paul Jones of UNC-Chapel Hill in North Carolina revealed in May 2013 that he has a copy of a page sent to him in 1991 by Berners-Lee which is the oldest known web page. Jones stored the plain-text page, with hyperlinks, on a floppy disk and on his NeXT computer.[15] CERN put the olde... | When was the first web page released? | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
english--7886206557606965811-130 | The Culture | Banks says he conceived the Culture in the 1960s, and that it is a combination of wish fulfilment and a reaction against the predominantly right-wing science fiction produced in the United States.[71] In his opinion, the Culture might be a "great place to live", with no exploitation of people or AIs, and whose people c... | When did Iain M. Banks create The Culture? | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
english--6950986694989496474-0 | World War I casualties | The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I were about 40 million: estimates range from 15 to 19million deaths and about 23million wounded military personnel, ranking it among the deadliest conflicts in human history. | How many people died during WW1? | {
"text": [
"40 million"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
english-326753515837062236-15 | Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate | Wolfstein was founded in 1275 on Habsburg King Rudolph I's orders, which called for a “fortified and free” town near his castle, “Woluisstein”, now known as the Alt-Wolfstein (“Old Wolfstein”) ruin. Rudolph forthwith granted the new town the same town rights and freedoms as the town of Speyer. As an “everlasting market... | How old is the town of Wolfstein in Germany? | {
"text": [
"1275"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
english-7523875514101206442-12 | 2000 Atlantic hurricane season | A well-developed tropical wave was observed in satellite imagery over central Africa on July 30. The system tracked westward and emerged into the Atlantic Ocean on August 3. Thereafter, the system rapidly organized, and developed into Tropical Depression Three at 1800 UTC that day. The depression moved west-northwestwa... | What was the first Atlantic hurricane in 2000? | {
"text": [
"Alberto"
],
"answer_start": [
996
]
} |
english-1562211647541524405-1 | Religion in Iraq | Iraq's Muslims follow two distinct traditions, Shia and Sunni Islam. According to the 2018 CIA Factbook, Iraq is 95% Muslim: 64–69% Shia (Arabs, Feyli Kurds et al.) and 29–34% Sunni (Arabs and Kurds). The overall percentage of Muslims has increased since the Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017) due to the migration of Christian... | What is the main version of Islam practiced in Iraq? | {
"text": [
"Shia"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
english--7074976174131249673-1 | Cell nucleus | Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in a complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome and are structured in such a way to promote cell function. The n... | What is within a nucleus of a cell? | {
"text": [
"genetic material"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
english--4518219408537561751-16 | Emperor penguin | The total population was estimated in 2009 to be at around 595,000 adult birds, in 46 known colonies spread around the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic; around 35% of the known population lives north of the Antarctic Circle. Major breeding colonies were located at Cape Washington, Coulman Island in Victoria Land, Halley, Ca... | What is the population of emperor penguins in Antarctica? | {
"text": [
"595,000"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
english--3251330757810619240-1 | Aristagoras | Aristagoras (Greek: Ἀρισταγόρας ὁ Μιλήσιος), d. 497/496 BC, was the leader of Miletus in the late 6th century BC and early 5th century BC and a key player during the early years of the Ionian Revolt against the Persian Achaemenid Empire. He was the son-in-law of Histiaeus, and inherited the tiranny of Miletus from him. | When did Aristagoras become leader of Miletus? | {
"text": [
"late 6th century BC"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
english-1976960059016911908-0 | England–Wales border | The England–Wales border, sometimes referred to as the Wales–England border or the Anglo-Welsh border, is the border between England and Wales, two constituent countries of the United Kingdom.[1][2] It runs for 160 miles (260km)[3] from the Dee estuary, in the north, to the Severn estuary in the south. It has followed... | How long is the England–Wales border? | {
"text": [
"160 miles"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
english--7148554813220287280-6 | History of human rights | Some historians suggest that the Achaemenid Persian Empire of ancient Iran established unprecedented principles of human rights in the 6th century BC under Cyrus the Great. After his conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BC, the king issued the Cyrus cylinder, discovered in 1879 and seen by some today as the fir... | Who started human rights? | {
"text": [
"Cyrus the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
english--6991934152060090464-1 | Spanish Grand Prix | The first Spanish Grand Prix in 1913 was not actually run to the Grand Prix formula of the day, but to touring car rules, taking place on a 300-kilometre road circuit at Guadarrama, near Madrid, on the road to Valladolid. | When was the first Spanish Grand Prix? | {
"text": [
"1913"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
english-5978356496859468254-2 | Mayor of San Francisco | The current mayor is former District 5 Supervisor and President of the Board of Supervisors London Breed, who won a special election following the death of Mayor Ed Lee on December 12, 2017. Breed will serve out the remainder of Lee's uncompleted term (until January 8, 2020), after which she is eligible to run for two... | Who is the Mayor of San Francisco? | {
"text": [
"London Breed"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
english--5773873968362885289-0 | Menopause | Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.[2][8] Menopause typically occurs between 49 and 52 years of age.[3] Medical professionals often define menopause as having occurred when a woman has not had ... | When does Menopause start? | {
"text": [
"49"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
english-9105708395348585314-95 | Alfred the Great | Alfred died on 26 October 899 at the age of 50 or 51.[134] How he died is unknown, although he suffered throughout his life with a painful and unpleasant illness. His biographer Asser gave a detailed description of Alfred's symptoms and this has allowed modern doctors to provide a possible diagnosis. It is thought that... | When did Alfred die? | {
"text": [
"26 October 899"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
english-3842186298484286913-0 | Chechen language | Chechen (нохчийн мотт , [ˈnɔx.t͡ʃiːn mu͜ɔt]) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by more than 1.4 million people, mostly in the Chechen Republic and by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia, Jordan, Central Asia (mainly Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan), and Georgia. | What language do Chechens speak? | {
"text": [
"Chechen"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english--8581362190689255491-0 | Gallic Wars | The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gallic tribes. Rome's war against the Gallic tribes lasted from 58 BC to 50 BC and culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman... | When were the Gallic Wars? | {
"text": [
"from 58 BC to 50 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
english--2442648296752314408-0 | Guantanamo Bay Naval Base | Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (Spanish: Base Naval de la Bahía de Guantánamo), officially known as Naval Station Guantanamo Bay or NSGB (also called GTMO because of the abbreviation of Guantanamo or Gitmo because of the common pronunciation of this word by the U.S. military[1]), is a United States military base and detenti... | What is the oldest overseas U.S. military base? | {
"text": [
"Guantanamo Bay Naval Base"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english--6114419772739363200-3 | David (Michelangelo) | The history of the statue begins before Michelangelo's work on it from 1501 to 1504.[3] Prior to Michelangelo's involvement, the Overseers of the Office of Works of Florence Cathedral, consisting mostly of members of the influential woolen cloth guild, the Arte della Lana, had plans to commission a series of twelve lar... | When did Michelangelo create the David? | {
"text": [
"1501 to 1504"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
english--783047404685232045-15 | Nazi Party | Hitler's first DAP speech was held in the Hofbräukeller on 16 October 1919. He was the second speaker of the evening, and spoke to 111 people.[43] Hitler later declared that this was when he realised he could really "make a good speech".[30] At first, Hitler spoke only to relatively small groups, but his considerable o... | When was the Nazi party founded? | {
"text": [
"24 February 1920"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
english-8010206429852255316-1 | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon | PAHs are uncharged, non-polar molecules found in coal and in tar deposits. They are also produced by the thermal decomposition of organic matter (for example, in engines and incinerators or when biomass burns in forest fires). | Where are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found? | {
"text": [
"coal and in tar deposits"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
english--5056243118238434340-0 | Justin Morgan (Home and Away) | Justin Morgan is a fictional character from the Australian television soap opera Home and Away, played by James Stewart. The actor was contacted by his agent and the head of drama at Seven Network about the role. After hearing their pitch, Stewart auditioned and won the part. He began filming in December 2015, and made... | When did Justin Morgan first appear as a character on Home and Away? | {
"text": [
"7 June 2016"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
english-5140670592304010756-1 | Demographics of China | In 2019, China's population stands at 1.418billion,[1][2] the largest of any country in the world. According to the 2010 census, 91.51% of the population was Han Chinese, and 8.49% were minorities. China's population growth rate is only 0.59%, ranking 159th in the world.[3] China conducted its sixth national population... | How many people live in china? | {
"text": [
"1.418billion"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
english--398076072061303808-0 | Prohibition in the United States | Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. | When was the Prohibition Era in the US? | {
"text": [
"1920 to 1933"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
english--85208755288249731-8 | Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway | Thomas Powell had extensive colliery interests in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire, and he needed to get a transport link to pits he owned at Llantwit Fardre. Failing to generate interest elsewhere, he determined to build a railway himself to the Glamorganshire Canal at Maesmawr from Llantwit Fardre. This was known as ... | When did the Taff Vale Junction Railway get made? | {
"text": [
"28 December 1843"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
english--4833259062257947578-0 | Desert climate | The desert climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk), is a climate in which there is an excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert climates hold little moisture and evaporate the little rainfall they receive. Covering 14.2% of earth's land area, hot... | What is the most common type of desert? | {
"text": [
"hot"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
english--6991778783908000066-7 | Air conditioning | Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by US inventor Willis Carrier. The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920s helped enable the great migration to the Sun Belt in the Un... | Who invented air conditioning? | {
"text": [
"Willis Carrier"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
english-7472091494202910341-9 | List of exceptional asteroids | The largest asteroids with an accurately measured mass, due to the fact that they have been (and are being) studied by the probe Dawn, are 1 Ceres with a mass of 939.3 ± 0.5×1018 kg, and 4 Vesta at 259.076 ± 0.001×1018 kg. The third-largest asteroid with an accurately measured mass, due to the fact that it has moons, i... | What is the largest asteroid? | {
"text": [
"1 Ceres"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
english--2217968654336461403-0 | American Renaissance | The American Renaissance was a period of American architecture and the arts from 1876 to 1917,[1] characterized by renewed national self-confidence and a feeling that the United States was the heir to Greek democracy, Roman law, and Renaissance humanism. The era spans the period between the Centennial Exposition (celeb... | When did the American Renaissance happen? | {
"text": [
"1876 to 1917"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
english-3472398934804429727-0 | Gross domestic product | Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore using a basis of GDP per capi... | What does GDP stand for? | {
"text": [
"Gross domestic product"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english-2573673614842277480-10 | Giant trevally | The giant trevally is abundant in the central Indo-Pacific region, found throughout all the archipelagos and offshore islands including Indonesia, Philippines and Solomon Islands. Along continental Asia, the species has been recorded from Malaysia to Vietnam, but not China.[5] Despite this, its offshore range does exte... | What is the most abundant fish species in the Indian ocean? | {
"text": [
"The giant trevally"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
english-6452143708455176575-0 | Chechens | Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃən/; Chechen: Нохчий Noxçiy; Old Chechen: Нахчой Naxçoy) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe. They refer to themselves as Vainakhs (which means our people in Chechen) or Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi,... | What ethnicity are Chechens? | {
"text": [
"Nakh"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
english--7211426261615454679-0 | List of countries by minimum driving age | The minimum driving age is the minimum age at which a person may obtain a driver's licence to lawfully drive a motor vehicle on public roads. That age is determined by and for each jurisdiction and is most commonly set at 18 years of age, but learner drivers may be permitted on the road at an earlier age under supervis... | What's the minimum age for driving? | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
887
]
} |
english--7328192741140918623-6 | History of the Argentina national basketball team | In successive years, other clubs such as Ñaró, Estudiantes (LP), River Plate, Gimnasia y Esgrima, Universitario and Racing) registered their teams to the Federation. On August 30, 1929, the Argentine Basketball Federation (current "Confederación Argentina") was established,[2] with founder members from Buenos Aires, Có... | When was the Argentine Basketball Federation formed? | {
"text": [
"August 30, 1929"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
english--1815026847539815580-0 | Apprenticeship | An apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeship also enables practitioners to gain a license to practice in a regulated profession. Most of their training is done ... | How long is a general apprenticeship in terms of years? | {
"text": [
"3 to 7"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
english--2226227680349370351-0 | Sony Pictures Television | Sony Pictures Television Inc. (or SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio founded in 2002 as the successor to Columbia TriStar Television. Based in Culver City, it is a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures Entertainment and a unit of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. | When was Sony Pictures Television established? | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
english--777266904160062734-28 | Porsche | The headquarters and main factory are located in Zuffenhausen, a district in Stuttgart, but the Cayenne and Panamera models are manufactured in Leipzig, Germany, and parts for the SUV are also assembled in the Volkswagen Touareg factory in Bratislava, Slovakia.[33] Boxster and Cayman production was outsourced to Valmet... | Where are Porsches manufactured? | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
english--2272539894158640955-0 | Frankenstein | Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley (1797–1851) that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous, sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition of... | Who wrote Frankenstein? | {
"text": [
"Mary Shelley"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
english-5473371964132976947-11 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | The Commission established a special Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, to write the articles of the Declaration. The Committee met in two sessions over the course of two years. | Who led the writing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? | {
"text": [
"Eleanor Roosevelt"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
english-387578838454588688-7 | Andy Richter | After seven years with the show, Richter departed from Late Night after the show on May 26, 2000. He later said of the decision, "After seven years of being on the show, I got itchy. I have a philosophy that if you enjoy good fortune, rather than sit there and say, 'Oh, that's fine, this amount is good enough for me,' ... | When did Andy Richter leave Late Night with Conan O'Brien? | {
"text": [
"May 26, 2000"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
english--6502426059976256211-0 | Milton Keynes | Milton Keynes (/kiːnz/(listen) KEENZ), locally abbreviated to MK, is a large town[note 1] in the Borough of Milton Keynes, of which it is the administrative centre. It was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967,[2] with the design brief to become a "city" in scale. It is located about 45 miles (72km) nort... | How far is Milton Keynes from London? | {
"text": [
"45 miles"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
english--9215080153395369527-2 | Member states of NATO | NATO has added new members seven times since its founding in 1949, and since 2017 NATO has had 29 members. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and T... | What is the newest member country to join NATO? | {
"text": [
"Montenegro"
],
"answer_start": [
1179
]
} |
english--349283359315094596-3 | Mount Victoria, New South Wales | After the railway station, marking the termination of the Main Western railway line, was opened in 1869 the town also became known as Mount Victoria.[10][11] The town's name was officially changed after the first Post Office was built in 1876.[8] | When did Mount Victoria become a railway station? | {
"text": [
"1869"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
english--4248278106774938409-4 | King Zhaoxiang of Qin | Because King Zhaoxiang had not yet legally come of age (traditionally at the age of 20), his mother, who was now known as Queen Dowager Xuan, became the regent. She was supported by her brothers, Wei Ran and Mi Rong (羋戎), as well as two other sons, Prince Yi (公子悝) and Prince Fu (公子巿), the four of them collectively kno... | Who was King Zhaoxiang of Qin's mother? | {
"text": [
"Queen Dowager Xuan"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
english--7273132531178373480-0 | Prizefighter series | The Prizefighter series was a professional boxing tournament created by boxing promoter Barry Hearn and aired on Sky Sports. The format has an initial eight fighters, who compete in four quarter-finals of 3 x 3 minute rounds (number and length of the rounds is same as in amateur boxing) followed by two semi-finals and ... | When did The Prizefighter series begin? | {
"text": [
"April 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
english--8188143830067486097-33 | Battle of Morval | The battle was a considerable Anglo-French victory and as no tanks were used in the initial Fourth Army attack, a continuous creeping barrage was maintained.[53] The objective of one German trench system, the original third line, which was less well-developed than the German defences on 15 September, was subjected to 4... | How many British troops died in the Battle of Morval? | {
"text": [
"5,000"
],
"answer_start": [
607
]
} |
english--7154525806427521580-0 | Asian giant hornet | The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), including the subspecies Japanese giant hornet (V. m. japonica),[2] colloquially known as the yak-killer hornet,[3] is the world's largest hornet, native to temperate and tropical Eastern Asia. They prefer to live in low mountains and forests, while almost completely avoiding ... | What's the biggest wasp? | {
"text": [
"Asian giant hornet"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
english--2636287830188367872-3 | Maryland Terrapins football | In 1892, the school then known as the Maryland Agricultural College fielded its first officially-sanctioned college football team. They went scoreless in all three of that season's games, but the following year, posted a perfect record of 6–0. For the first two decades of the program, the team primarily competed agains... | When was the University of Maryland football team established? | {
"text": [
"1892"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
english--6777141312438189596-0 | The Federalist Papers | The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The first 77 of these essays were published serially in the Independent ... | Who wrote the Federalist papers? | {
"text": [
"Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
english--7278078947829111740-0 | Sanjay Gandhi National Park | Sanjay Gandhi National Park is an 87km2 (34sqmi) protected area near Mumbai in Maharashtra State in India.[4] It was formerly known as Borivali National Park.[5][6] It is notable as one of the major national parks existing within a metropolis limit and is one of the most visited parks in the world.[6] | Where is the Sanjay Gandhi National Park? | {
"text": [
"near Mumbai in Maharashtra State in India"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
english--3999869476067468617-0 | Plea bargain | The plea bargain (also plea agreement or plea deal) is any agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant agrees to plead guilty or nolo contendere to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor. This may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to a ... | Who has to initiate a plea bargain? | {
"text": [
"defendant"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
english-2144754837526760373-1 | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments emerged in 1951 after a reorganization of Geophysical Service Incorporated, a company founded in 1930 that manufactured equipment for use in the seismic industry, as well as defense electronics.[8] TI produced the world's first commercial silicon transistor in 1954[9], and designed and manufactured th... | When was Texas Instruments founded? | {
"text": [
"1951"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
english--7136187775991281436-0 | Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine | Louise-Marie-Madeleine Guillaume de Fontaine (after marriage known as Madame Dupin; 28 October 1706 – 20 November 1799) was a French saloniste. | Where was Louise-Marie-Madeleine Guillaume de Fontaine born? | {
"text": [
"28 October 1706"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
english-1780668811279502912-3 | Lagos | The exact population of Metropolitan Lagos is disputed. In the 2006 federal census data, the conurbation had a population of about 8 million people.[32] However, the figure was disputed by the Lagos State Government, which later released its own population data, putting the population of Lagos Metropolitan Area at appr... | What is the population of Lagos? | {
"text": [
"approximately 21 million"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
english-1967876568917792705-1 | Bill Lawry | Lawry was born in the Melbourne suburb of Thornbury. He was given the names William Morris after the early Prime Minister of Australia, William Morris Hughes. His father Alfred played amateur cricket until the age of 51. Bill never saw his father play, who was aged 47 when Bill was born.[3] Aged nine, he played competi... | At what age did William Morris "Bill" Lawry start playing cricket? | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
english--188565190208286184-2 | Egyptian pyramids | The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser, which was built c.2630–2610BC during the Third Dynasty.[6] This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's o... | How old is the oldest pyramid? | {
"text": [
"c.2630–2610BC"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
english--3275206348227109904-1 | International cricket | Most games are played as parts of "tours", when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months, and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. The ICC also organises competitions that are for several countries at once, including the Cricket World Cup & ICC T20 World Cup. | What is the biggest cricket competition? | {
"text": [
"Cricket World Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
english--8703497011250451400-0 | Interstate 69 | Interstate 69 (I-69) is an Interstate Highway in the United States currently consisting of seven disjointed parts with an original continuous segment from Indianapolis, Indiana, northeast to the Canada–US border in Port Huron, Michigan, at 355.8 miles (572.6km). The remaining separated parts are variously completed and... | When did construction on I-69 begin? | {
"text": [
"late 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
1022
]
} |
english-8281963703322107415-5 | Abel Posse | Abel Parentini Posse was born on 7 January 1934, in the Argentine city of Córdoba where he only lived the first two years of his life.[1] Two years after birth the family moved to the capital city of Buenos Aires due to his father's work commitments. His mother, Elba Alicia Posse, belonged to the creole landed oligarc... | In what city did Abel Posse grow up? | {
"text": [
"Buenos Aires"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
english--5091370837674768135-0 | Haganai | Haganai(はがない), short for Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai(僕は友達が少ない, literally "I Don't Have Many Friends"),[note 1] is a Japanese light novel series written by Yomi Hirasaka, illustrated by Buriki, and published by Media Factory. It has been given several manga adaptations; the first incarnation, its title and basic plot u... | When was Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai get released? | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
english-6645015821319353472-2 | Jack Thompson (activist) | Thompson grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, attended Cuyahoga Falls H.S.[10] and attended Denison University. He received media attention when he hosted his own political talk show on the college radio station.[11] He then attended Vanderbilt University Law School, where he met his wife, Patricia.[12] In 1976, they moved to F... | Where did John Bruce Thompson go to law school? | {
"text": [
"Vanderbilt University Law School"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
english--8374733952251949396-2 | Omo River | Its course is generally to the south, however with a major bend to the west at about 7° N 37° 30' E to about 36° E where it turns south until 5° 30' N where it makes a large S- bend then resumes its southerly course to Lake Turkana. According to materials published by the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency, the Omo-B... | How long is the Omo River? | {
"text": [
"760 kilometers"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
english--4161924105482706897-2 | Pikes Peak | "Tava" or "sun", is the Ute word that was given by these first people to the mountain that we now call Pikes Peak. The band of Ute people who called the Pikes Peak region their home were the "Tabeguache", meaning the "People of Sun Mountain".[4] The Ute people first arrived in Colorado about 500 A.D., although their tr... | Who is Pike's Peak named for? | {
"text": [
"Zebulon Pike"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
english-4282658241342217164-4 | Arlington National Cemetery | At the outbreak of the Civil War, most military personnel who died in battle near Washington, D.C., were buried at the United States Soldiers' Cemetery in Washington, D.C., or Alexandria Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia, but by late 1863 both were nearly full.[12] On July 16, 1862, Congress passed legislation authorizi... | What is the oldest grave at Arlington National Cemetery? | {
"text": [
"The first military burial at Arlington, for William Henry Christman, was made on May 13, 1864,[14] close to what is now the northeast gate in Section 27"
],
"answer_start": [
1185
]
} |
english-6731407658740751441-0 | Ridley (Metroid) | Ridley,[lower-alpha 1] also known by his aliases Geoform 187 and The Cunning God of Death, is one of the main antagonists of the Metroid series. An extraterrestrial dragon, he became Samus Aran's archenemy after leading a Space Pirate raid on her homeworld that killed her parents. Despite having been destroyed numerous... | Who are the main villains of Metroid? | {
"text": [
"The Cunning God of Death"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
english--6104567033698603068-1 | Isle of Man Railway | The 15.3-mile (24.6km) line from Douglas to Port Erin is the last remaining line of the former Isle of Man Railway Company, formed in 1870. Its first line, from Douglas to Peel, opened on 1 July 1873, followed by the Port Erin line on 1 August 1874. Initially the Port Erin line had been planned to terminate at Castleto... | When did the Isle of Man Railway start running? | {
"text": [
"1 July 1873"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
english--7313836612230225971-2 | Global Marshall Plan Initiative | The idea of a Global Marshall Plan was first published in 1990 by U.S. politician, entrepreneur and environmentalist Al Gore in his book “Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit”. The choice of name deliberately recalls the historical Marshall Plan after the Second World War (officially: European Recovery Pr... | When was The Global Marshall Plan Initiative formed? | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
english--1686360262629407117-22 | Warriors (novel series) | Super Editions are stand alone books in the Warriors series that are approximately double the length of a normal Warriors book, about 500 pages long. | How long is the Warrior series? | {
"text": [
"about 500 pages"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
english-5295793989325040866-14 | United States Naval Academy | The institution was founded as the Naval School on 10 October 1845 by Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft. The campus was established at Annapolis on the grounds of the former U.S. Army post Fort Severn. The school opened with 50 midshipman students and seven professors. The decision to establish an academy on land m... | When was the Annapolis Naval Academy founded? | {
"text": [
"10 October 1845"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
english--245695108658199045-0 | Organophosphate | Organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O=P(OR)3. They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Like most functional groups organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, with important examples including key biomolecules such a... | What is an organophosphate? | {
"text": [
"a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O=P(OR)3"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
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