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Symptoms vary from incessant popping/clicking, inability to fully open, or strict pain. Females have a higher incidence (4:1) and “hardware” (dentures and such) should be evaluated first. While dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, can be a primary cause of symptoms, it’s necessary to rule out other causes first.
Otherwise; myofascial pain/bruxism and discopathy (yep, there’s one in there too) can be successfully treated by manual medicine.
In certain cases the dysfunction can be from developmental issues and impact eating, speaking, breathing, and even sleeping. Multidisciplinary approaches will be necessary in these cases.
Orofascial coordination should be rolled into the manual therapists screening exam (say during the posture exam). Simply observe for (what should be) smooth opening and closing of the mouth (depression & elevation). Opening should allow 3-fingers at end-range depression. If a primary concern, evaluating other motions (lateral deviation, retrusions, protrusion) may be necessary.
As it is a hinge and gliding joint, the TMJ can succumb to asymmetric patterns. And yet there exists a disc in the TMJ.
As a joint with a disc, if the main issue is a discopathy the MDT practitioner is in luck! Following principles of Mackenzie assessment and treatment, providing ERL therapy in the direction of detriment (remember the six directions of movement?) can quickly resolve the issue. The exercise can also be offered to the patient for home care with even still improved outcomes.
Only poor evidence ratings exist for treatment of TMJ with medications and manual therapy. However, the manual therapy studies typically include, at best, the standard isometric exercises. I have yet to see reviews that include MDT treatments and those with more focused rehabilitative strategies. Currently, the best evidence for TMJ treatments are those promoting acupuncture and biofeedback management strategies. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11830 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 417
} |
Children should be prescribed fewer antibiotics, as the drugs could contribute to the rise in superbug cases and allergies, as well as obesity and diabetes, an expert has claimed.
Writing in the journal Nature, US microbiologist Martin Blaser claimed that good bacteria in the body is just as susceptible to a course of antibiotics than the infections it aims to treat - and that also the good bacteria never recovers fully afterwards.
Dr Blaser, who is also the chair of the Department of Medicine at New York University, said that over-prescribing antibiotics to young children and pregnant mothers may leave future generations unable to fight common diseases.
He also linked the over-prescribing of antibiotics to the rise in superbugs, and said it stops serious infections such as pneumonia from being treated successfully.
One of Dr Blaser's biggest concerns is the generational impact of antibiotics. He argues that less of the good types of bacteria are being passed down from one generation to the next as they struggle to deal with the increasing amount of antibiotics prescribed.
He said: "Each generation could be beginning life with a smaller endowment.
"I am not saying not to give antibiotics to people with serious illnesses.
"But if what we suspect is proven, doctors need to look more closely at risk and benefit." | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11833 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 262
} |
"Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent with more then 1.1 billion people as of 2013. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; 50% of Africans were born in 1991 or later. Africa's rapid population growth is expected to overtake the only two nations currently larger than its population, at roughly the same time - India and China's 1.4 billion people each will swap ranking around the year 2022.
A Harvard University study led by professor Calestous Juma showed that Africa could feed itself by making the transition from importer to self-sufficiency. African agriculture is at the crossroads. We have come to the end of a century of policies that favored Africa's export of raw materials and importation of food. Africa is starting to focus on agricultural innovation as its new engine for regional trade and prosperity. This century is the time that Africa has to thrive. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11837 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 189
} |
The eastern end of the Antonine Wall was located somewhere near Bridgeness on the Firth of Forth.
There are no visible remains of the rampart or ditch here, but the site is worth a visit for its display of a new replica of the Bridgeness Distance Slab. Unveiled in Kinningars Park in September 2012, this impressive slab records the construction of 4,652 feet by the Second Legion and shows images of triumphant Romans mowing down barbarians, and a sacrifice scene.
The original slab can be seen in the National Museum of Scotland. The replica can be viewed close to where the original slab was found, on Harbour Road, Bo’ness, opposite the entrance to Bridgeness Crescent. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11842 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 149
} |
A fun fact: Author Franz Kafka might have been the first to develop the first civilian hard hat when he was employed at the Worker's Accident Insurance Institute for the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1912.
However in the United States, the E.D. Bullard Company was a mining equipment firm in California, selling protective hats first made of leather. His son, E.W. Bullard, arrived home from World War I with a steel helmet providing the idea for a "Hard-Boiled Hat", made of steamed canvas, glue and black paint.
These hats weren't used in the beginning of the building of the dam, but once discovered became imperative (though not required) at the Hoover Dam work site. However with rocks capable of falling hundreds of feet onto a man's head, yes, the hard hat was coveted by anyone wishing to avoid such tragedy.
Technology is like the first hard hats these men wore. It provides a kind of protection nobody expected even just a few years ago. Protection? What, seeing that one's sheer identity can be robbed as a result of logging on to a computer?
Yet if we look at it more closely, moving towards its evolved state we find that as we connect, in any given virtual social network, it seems such thing as theives and weirdos do get filtered out. Of course they can try to sneak in, much as the thieves sneaking around the dam job site would steal whatever the men might carelessly leave about, namely their money from slim paychecks. Yet to rob from a working man is not only a poor route to go, it will always have zero virtue in the eyes of the successful thieves, that can steal from the rich to give to the poor.
Thus maybe what we get ourselves into helps us in our creating a way out. And it's this act of creation that is the thrill, the real high-lying outcome of it all.
What the hard hats did for these workers in those days, in terms of protection, was a necessity.
And what technology does now (for those willing to express themselves through it) is protect the developing creativity, shared one to another. Yes, technology might be considered a necessity as well then.
For art is expression that inspires us to wonder. And not only is it safe to wonder, one might say it is a necessity. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11843 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 479
} |
The deployment of renewable energy is considered a necessary step towards sustainability and appropriate mitigation of green house gas emissions. To be effective it must achieve a balance between a diversity of energy sources, locations for deployment and demand points, and transmission and local production. Less industrialized countries have the opportunity to leapfrog fossil based centralized networks for electrification by using appropriate technologies for production and delivery of renewable based electricity. This involves the planning of a new system dependent on interconnected technical, social, economic, and environmental layers.
The use of Complexity Science expands Industrial Ecology’s capability to study these systems by providing tools that take into consideration those interconnections and can capture dynamic mechanisms, social value judgments, competing or complementary objectives, and imperfect economic incentives, while creating descriptive simulations of possible outcomes. Through complexity, Industrial Ecology can be involved in the planning of a system at early stages in a dynamic, bottom-up approach that includes technical, environmental, and social considerations, and the context in which technologies will evolve.
This paper presents an Agent-Based Model that allows stakeholders to test development strategies of electricity supply systems based on renewable energy. The model serves as a robust tool for policy experiments and scenario creation giving decision-makers illustrations of value judgment, path-dependence, and tradeoffs that occur during multi-objective planning and allowing Industrial Ecologist to responsibly participate in the development process. The model is illustrated through the case study of Liberia, West Africa, arguably the least electrified country in the world. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11846 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 300
} |
Clinical reasoning is employed to underpin the framework detailed in this document. The cognitive and metacognitive processes of reasoning, using evidence-informed knowledge within OMT are the central components to expertise of practice in OMT.
“Advanced clinical reasoning skills are central to the practice of OMT Physical Therapists, ultimately leading to decisions formulated to provide the best patient care. Clinical decisions are established following consideration of the patient’s clinical and physical circumstances to establish a clinical physical diagnosis and treatment options. The decisions are informed by research evidence concerning the efficacy, risks, effectiveness, and efficiency of the options. Given the likely consequences associated with each option, decisions are made using a model that views the patient’s role within decision making as central to practice, thus describing a patient centred model of practice”.
“The application of OMT is based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s neuromusculoskeletal system and of the patient’s functional abilities. This examination serves to define the presenting dysfunction(s) in the articular, muscular, nervous and other relevant systems; and how these relate to any disability or functional limitation as described by the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Equally, the examination aims to distinguish those conditions that are indications or contraindications to OMT Physical Therapy and / or demand special precautions, as well as those where anatomical anomalies or pathological processes limit or direct the use of OMT procedures”.
The framework requires effectiveness in the above clinical reasoning competencies to enable effective assessment and management of a patient, and thus effective, efficient and safe assessment and management of the cervical region. It is clear that many documented adverse events following the application of cervical manipulation could have been avoided if more thorough clinical reasoning had been exercised by the clinician. The framework is therefore designed to be an aid to patient-centred clinical reasoning. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11850 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 395
} |
Understanding and trusting models and their results is a hallmark of good science. Scientists, engineers, physicians, researchers, and humans in general have the need to understand and trust models and modeling results that affect their work and their lives.
However, the forces of innovation and competition are now driving analysts and data scientists to try ever-more complex predictive modeling and machine learning algorithms. Such algorithms for machine learning include gradient-boosted ensembles (GBM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and random forests, among many others.
Many machine learning algorithms have been labeled “black box” models because of their inscrutable inner-workings. What makes these models accurate is what makes their predictions difficult to understand: they are very complex. This is a fundamental trade-off. These algorithms are typically more accurate for predicting nonlinear, faint, or rare phenomena.
Unfortunately, more accuracy almost always comes at the expense of interpretability, and interpretability is crucial for business adoption, model documentation, regulatory oversight, and human acceptance and trust. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11851 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 211
} |
For the cantilever truss shown in Fig. P-429, determine the forces in members DF, FH, FI, GI, and FG.
Use the method of sections to compute for the force in members DF, EF, and EG of the cantilever truss described in Problem 411 and Fig. P-411.
Determine the force in members AB, AC, BD, CD, and CE of the cantilever truss shown in Fig. P-411. If the loads were applied at C and E instead of at B, specify which members would have their internal force changed.
In the cantilever truss shown in Fig. P-407, compute the force in members AB, BE, and DE.
The cantilever truss in Fig. P-406 is hinged at D and E. Find the force in each member.
Find the force in each member of the truss shown in Fig. T-04.
The truss in Fig. T-04 is pinned to the wall at point F, and supported by a roller at point C. Calculate the force (tension or compression) in members BC, BE, and DE.
The cantilever truss shown in Fig. P-356 is supported by a hinge at A and a strut BC. Determine the reactions at A and B.
The cantilever truss shown in Fig. P-250 carries a vertical load of 10.8 kN. The truss is supported by bearing at A and B which exert the forces Av, Ah, and Bh. The four forces shown constitute two couples which must have opposite moment effects to prevent movement of the truss. Determine the magnitude of the supporting forces. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11853 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 360
} |
Across Australia it is estimated that 31% of Australians (7.0 million people) live outside of major cities (see Table 7). Of these people, 4.4 million live in inner regional areas and 2.1 million live in outer regional areas. An estimated half a million people live in remote and very remote areas accounting for 2.3% of the total Australian population. As Table 7 indicates, the distribution of populations between remoteness areas varies across states and territories. Over the last five years, population growth has generally been lower in remote areas compared with regional areas (Table 8). In Queensland and Western Australia, growth in regional populations has been very high over the last five years.
Populations vary significantly in their age profiles across the different remote areas (Figure 5). Compared with major cities, populations in inner and outer regional areas have a much lower proportion of the population in the 20-49 age groups, but higher proportions in the 0-19 year and 50-69 year age groups and 70 years and over age groups. Compared with major cities, remote and very remote areas have a much higher proportion of the population in the 0-19 year age groups, similar proportions in the 20-49 year age groups, and much lower proportions in the 70 years and over groups. Very remote populations also have a much lower proportion in the 50-69 year age group. The pattern for remote and very remote populations is significantly impacted by factor such as the high proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (close to half the population in very remote Australia), the impact of the mining workforce and the low level of aged care services such as residential care services, which means many people move out of the areas as they age.
While the Australian population aged over 65 years is projected increase as a whole, the increase is expected to be higher outside of major cities. Table 11 shows both the overall projected increase in the population over 65 through to 2045, with much higher rates of growth in this population in coastal and inland populations. An ageing population poses a significant challenge to the health system as a whole, but is even more significant for rural regions of Australia. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11854 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 434
} |
this is one of the respiratory diseases. This is an anomaly of the lung or its part which is due to prenatal underdevelopment of the pulmonary parenchyma, bronchi and blood vessels. Cystic disease is easily 60-80% of lung malformations.
The cause of the disease is associated with congenital hypoplasia or complete absence of respiratory the lung in certain parts. The name of the defect derives from a kind of transformation malformed bronchi, which form a large number testopodobnymi cavities.
This disease is peculiar to the purity of the current. In 10% of cases found and the total absence of complaints. The condition can worsen with the accession of infection. In such cases, you may receive a cough, signs of severe purulent intoxication, sputum etc are the symptoms of cystic lung disease often appear in early childhood. However, most patients learn about their condition only in youth or in adulthood.
The symptoms of cystic lung disease include shortness of breath cough hemoptysis the allocation of significant amounts of phlegm when you cough malaise temperature rise moderately severe chest pain in rare cases is found cyanosis of the lips.
The most effective and informative method of diagnostics is conducting x-ray examination. Also conducted bronchography, which sets the length of the cystic lung disease, its appearance, as well as secondary changes in other bronchi. Using angiography is the study of the immature vessels of the pulmonary circulation in the affected lung.
in the presence of General contraindications to surgical intervention.
Conservative treatment helps some to delay or attenuate the disease. There is the effect of false impressions about the well-being of such treatment.
Perhaps you are faced with cystic disease of the lung, and do not know to what expert to address? In this case, you definitely need to consult a therapist and pneumonology. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11858 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 394
} |
Not long in the past a lot of folks began getting involved in rearing their own chickens the primary reason being that they would like to produce their own food and feed their family members. But since the demand for chicken produce grew a lot of men and women found an opportunity in the market to raise chickens for profit.
When beginning in farming chickens at home in Middletown California you must find out if you are allowed to raise chickens in your place of residence. Some states or countries might not allow the raising of chickens. But if you are allowed to keep chickens in the area then its time so that you can get started.
Chickens need a lot of attention and management. You must make sure you feed your chickens the right feed to keep them healthy and illness free. Feeding birds is not a complicated process. Chicken can eat a variety of food like garden pests, weeds and even your leftover foods. With this being said chickens can be ideal for your garden as well reason being as they eat up the insects and also fertilize your garden with their poo.
Contructing a chicken house is very vital. The chicken coop must be safe and protect the birds from predators such as hawks, cats and even dogs. Some people can even try to steal your chickens. Your chicken coop should be well covered as well to protect your chickens from too much sunlight, cold and rain.
You must try by all means to keep your hen house clean as possible. The house must be large enough to accommodate all of your birds, young and old. They must be enough space for your birds to lay their eggs and eat. Refreshing water can even be given to your birds in their coop.
You can surround your chicken coop with a fence to give your birds some space to move around and search for insects to enjoy. The fence must be high enough for the chickens not to fly over and predators such as pet dogs to jump in. When you have this right you sure will be a happy chicken farmer. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11862 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 412
} |
The simple half wave rectifier can be built in two electrical configurations with the diode pointing in opposite directions, one version connects the negative terminal of the output direct to the AC supply and the other connects the positive terminal of the output direct to the AC supply. By combining both of these with separate output smoothing it is possible to get an output voltage of nearly double the peak AC input voltage. This also provides a tap in the middle, which allows use of such a circuit as a split rail supply.
variant of this is to use two capacitors in series for the output smoothing on a bridge rectifier then place a switch between the midpoint of those capacitors and one of the AC input terminals. With the switch open this circuit will act like a normal bridge rectifier: with it closed it will act like a voltage doubling rectifier. In other words this makes it easy to derive a voltage of roughly 320V (+/- around 15%) DC from any mains supply in the world, this can then be fed into a relatively simple switched-mode power supply.
Cascaded diode and capacitor stages can be added to make a voltage multiplier (Cockroft-Walton circuit). These circuits are capable of producing a DC output voltage potential tens of times that of the peak AC input voltage, but are limited in current capacity and regulation. Diode voltage multipliers, frequently used as a trailing boost stage or primary high voltage (HV) source, are used in HV laser power supplies, powering devices such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) (like those used in CRT based television, radar and sonar displays), photon amplifying devices found in image intensifying and photo multiplier tubes (PMT), and magnetron based radio frequency (RF) devices used in radar transmitters and microwave ovens. Before the introduction of semiconductor electronics, transformerless vacuum tube equipment powered directly from AC power sometimes used voltage doublers to generate about 170VDC from a 100-120V power line. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11865 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 410
} |
It is considered good practice to only throw the Error object itself or an object using the Error object as base objects for user-defined exceptions. The fundamental benefit of Error objects is that they automatically keep track of where they were built and originated.
This rule restricts what can be thrown as an exception. When it was first created, it only prevented literals from being thrown (hence the name), but it has now been expanded to only allow expressions which have a possibility of being an Error object.
This rule is aimed at maintaining consistency when throwing exception by disallowing to throw literals and other expressions which cannot possibly be an Error object.
Due to the limits of static analysis, this rule cannot guarantee that you will only throw Error objects.
This rule was introduced in ESLint 0.15.0. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11871 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 165
} |
A few weeks ago I read a magazine article written by a young woman who was recalling fond memories of watching fireflies on summer evenings as a child with her family. Her parents would bring along a large cage and give it to the girl and her brother so they could catch the fireflies. Children love to run and try to catch animals. Just watch any toddler waving her arms and stampeding a flock of pigeons. But these fireflies stayed in their cage.
When the family left the park at the end of the evening, they took the firefly cage with them and the parents placed it in the children’s bedroom. A living little nightlight. By the time the children woke up the next morning, the firefly cage was gone, discreetly spirited away by their parents during the night so the brother and sister wouldn’t see what happened while they slept.
The writer’s language, as she recounts her later discovery of this gentle deception, shows an uneasy awareness of the insects’ plight, her description of “the dead little bodies,” with their “half-dried wings and quivering, then quiet, legs” demonstrating an empathy with their suffering, even as she never explicitly acknowledges that caging them was wrong. Later in the article, she cites the statistic that fireflies in the wild live for around two months, while those that they caught and caged died within twelve hours, but says nothing further on the subject. The remembrance of the firefly nightlight that she and her brother shared leads the writer instead to reflections on change and mortality.
The lessons parents teach their children about our relationship with nature are so lasting and important, lessons that will influence their attitude toward the earth and its creatures throughout their lives. My parents and I enjoyed watching fireflies, too, but it would never have occurred to any of us to try to capture the little creatures. My mother in particular valued the wildness in wild things and reveled in the free and untrammeled workings of nature. Any animal or plant, any stray cat, any bird, any wild creature had a right to its existence.
Fireflies are living creatures, not toys to be gathered for our use and then discarded. The lives of these insects have a place in the world, of spiritual value to humans, of essential value to the creatures themselves, and ecological value to the world in which they live. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11872 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 493
} |
Due to high peak energy demands, existing hydropower plants operate nowadays under rough conditions to regulate the discharge and power with relatively fast and repeated opening and closing of turbines and pumps. The local deterioration of the mechanical properties of the steel-lined pressure wall induces a change of the two global indicators: the water-hammer celerity and the wave attenuation. This deterioration may arise from the weakening of the backfill concrete and/or the surrounding rock mass. In-situ measurements of the pressure shaft of the Grimsel II pumped-storage plant in Switzerland have been carried out to monitor these global indicators and to determine its frequency response function. The prototype measurements use dynamic pressure sensors placed at both ends of the pressure shaft. The data are acquired continuously and accessed on-line via internet. Different approaches to estimate the wave speed and wave attenuation coefficient generated inside the pressure shaft during start-up and shut-down of pumps and turbines have been applied. The wave speed was assessed from the Fourier transformation spectrums while the attenuation coefficient was determined by computing the root mean square of the signal followed by an exponential regression fitting. Monitoring charts have been established based on the statistical quality control method. The control limits and the overall behavior of the pattern of future measured points will be used for on-line monitoring of the shaft. The magnitudes of the frequency response function of the system and the coherence of pressure signals have been also defined. In spite of many difficulties encountered during the in-situ measurements, the results show a stable monitoring scheme of the wave speed and wave attenuation coefficient. Longer acquisition data series are needed to consolidate the control limits. The response identification function of the pressure shaft was not very efficient in this special case because of the reflection of the major part of the wave by the junction located between the pressure and surge shafts of the plant. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11875 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 373
} |
Paramecium tetraurelia is a very large (120 micrometers) eukaryotic cell covered with vibrating cilia. It is a unicellular organism. Paramecium is an organism which is both unicellular and complex, making it an excellent model for the genetic study of numerous differentiated functions in multicellular organisms often absent in simpler eukaryotes such as yeast.
Image of cilia of the paramecium tetraurelia captured with Jenoptik C3 microscope camera. The cilia are the tentacles and cover the cell completely enabling the organism to swim and capture its food, consisting mostly of bacteria. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11877 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 132
} |
University is a big jump for a lot of students, but here are some tips to help you out when you start that first paper.
Starting early isn’t just about having more time to write the paper, and saving yourself stress later. It’s also about having the time to do more research and make a better foundation for that paper. When you set out to start your paper, take the time to do some research before you start writing it.
Face it. You’re going to use Wikipedia. You’ll get tips to use Wikipedia’s sources: “Just don’t cite from wikipedia”, “Use it as the starting point for your research”, and “Follow the resources.” But there are some other ways to use Wikipedia.
Use the talk and history pages to find out if there is controversy about your topic. While not all controversy is worth merit, but it is worth being aware.
Check your sources against Wikipedia to see if there have been developments since your articles have been published. Because Wikipedia is such a popular site, it is more likely to update quickly with new information.
Just make sure that you’re careful.
Librarians aren’t hired to put books on shelves, they’re hired to be able to organize and access information. Going to a library may not just point you towards journals and articles for your paper, but also help you learn how to effectively read through articles to find the information you need.
Another benefit is that by using the library, you might even get access to journals which otherwise would cost money to access, so you might not even have to worry about having to choose between paying an access fee and giving up that perfect article.
This might seem obvious, but you want to make sure that you are writing the paper that your professor has assigned to you. If you have given yourself time to write it, you should also read through your sources and information and ask “but is this relevant?”.
You’re in university, your ideas are innovative, your creativity flowing, your grammar and spelling flawless! Well, almost. After you’ve finished writing your paper, get some people to read it for you. It usually doesn’t take a lot of time, and it can save you a lot of embarrassment. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11880 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 489
} |
Twelve km from Cavan town, in the north of the county, Killykeen Forest Park is one of the best places to go to enjoy Cavan’s most scenic lake, Lough Oughter.
The Lough sprawls into Upper Lough Erne through a maze of small inlets and stretches of open water edged by reeds, alders and silver birch. The park rents boats by the hour for coarse fishing or exploring and there are also good fishing spots along the lough’s banks. Many small wooded islands are dotted around the lough.
An ancient ringfort with three large earthen ramparts with a 19th century stone sweathouse in the middle.
An ancient long earthen rampart which stretches along the upper reaches of the River Shannon, thought to have been a protective wall along the border of Ulster.
Enjoy shopping, interesting churches, grave of Owen Roe O’Neill, Lifeforce Mill working baking mill and visitors’ centre, Cavan Crystal Factory Ireland’s second oldest crystal factory ran tours around its hand blowing and cutting operation, but the future of the business is currently uncertain, canoeing on the Erne River, County Cavan swimming and Leisure Complex.
Church and small 11th century round tower on the site of a monastery founded by St Mogue in the 6th century, with interesting carvings, in a scenic location between Drumlane and Derrybrick, near Milltown.
Cavan’s lakes offer good coarse fishing for pike, perch, bream and roach. Brown trout can also be caught in Lough Sheelin. Boats on Lough Sheelin can be hired from Finnea in County Westmeath. Other fishing lakes include Lough Ramor where there is a campsite, Lough Sillan where there is a camping and caravaning park.
Church of Ireland cathedral near Crossdoney on the R198, built in 1860 incorporating a 12th century Romanesque doorway. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11881 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 423
} |
If you are a loud snorer (or have been told you are) or find yourself feeling very sleepy during the day, you may be experiencing symptoms of sleep apnea. Other symptoms can include restless sleep, waking up with a very sore or dry throat, morning headaches and feeling irritated and unrested.
Your doctor may ask you to have a sleep apnea test. The first step is for you to meet with one of our sleep specialists to determine if a sleep study at our sleep disorder clinic center or a home sleep study would be right for you.
The test involves a polysomnogram, which is a multi-component test to electronically transmit and record specific physical activities that occur while you sleep. Our sleep apnea specialists analyze the recordings to make a diagnosis, which might be sleep apnea or even another type of sleep disorder. Additional testing may be necessary in order to determine the best treatment option.
EEG (electroencephalogram): Measures and records brain wave activity.
EMG (electromyogram): Records muscle activity (facial twitches, teeth grinding, leg movement, etc.) and to determine the presence of REM stage sleep. During REM sleep, intense dreams often occur as the brain experiences heightened activity.
EOG (electro-oculogram): Records eye movements which are important in determining the different sleep stages, particularly REM stage sleep.
ECG (electrocardiogram): Records heart rate and rhythm.
Nasal airflow sensor: Records airflow.
Snore microphone: Records snoring activity. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11883 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 318
} |
Reading The Science Writers’ Handbook: Everything You Need to Know to Pitch, Publish and Prosper in the Digital Age gave me a glimpse into the world of full-time magazine writing – a world which I may never enter but still view with enthusiasm and curiosity.
Science journalists spend their lives digging through the mud of news content, research articles, conversations and experiences for gems – ideas that, when polished into queries, will capture the attention of editors. Some journalists even spend their vacations building the background structures of local stories.
A science article may start with a very rough idea that needs extensive polishing. Sometimes, just a sparkle or flash indicates the value of the query within. A query e-mail cannot be simply a discussion of a topic – it needs a newsworthy angle and some exploration of the potential arc of the story.
As journalists explore their subject matter, they use audio and visual tools to record their surroundings. These tools may include tape recorders, cameras and note-taking equipment. Part of their work during interviews is to capture the context of the stories – personal details, local color, and other highlights that give stories personality and depth.
When science journalists are ready to build their story lines, they use a range of newswriting structures. One of the structures is called a “layer cake” because it alternates between scenes and their context. Putting together a story is an intuitive and experimental process similar to assembling an artistic or architectural model.
On reading the handbook, I resolved to include more concrete details in the stories I produce. My experiments with visual descriptions have turned out well in the past. Both with print stories and multimedia, I see the process of journalism as being like creating a three-dimensional piece of art – adding some elements, removing others, and seeing how the structure hangs together. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11891 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 370
} |
A little less than two months ago, I wrote about the most dangerous word in software development: just. A lot of assumptions hide behind that seemingly harmless word, but there’s another side to it.
Some of the best and most useful things we build have humble beginnings. Small side projects start with a sapling of an idea—something that can be built in a weekend, but will make our work a little easier, our lives a little better.
But the people who build something shouldn’t be the only ones who shape its future. When Twitter was founded, it was just a way to text a bunch of friends at once. The way that people used Twitter in the early days helped determine its future. Retweets, @username mentions, and hashtags became official parts of Twitter because of those early usage patterns.
Embrace the small, simple, focused start, and get something into people’s hands. Let usage patterns inform refinements, validate assumptions, and guide you to future success. It’s more than okay to start by building “just a thing”—in fact, I suggest it.
Great article. I can definitely relate to this. Starting out with “just a thing” can be the first step towards building something great. A lot of tools I use today and are essential to my work flow started out as just a thing I built on the weekend as a side project. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11892 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 295
} |
Communities around Lake Victoria Basin rely on wetlands for their livelihoods. These wetlands provide important ecosystem services including food, raw materials, fresh water, medicine, waste-water treatment, carbon sequestration, erosion prevention and fertility.
South Africa is flooding, and the extent of destruction in some areas is unprecedented. Lives have been lost, families uprooted and livelihoods destroyed. The money required to repair the devastation runs into millions of Rand. It would be fair to question why BirdLife South Africa is promoting the celebration of World Wetlands Day with the link between wetlands and water during these trying times.
Hoy es el Día Mundial de los Humedales y el 40 aniversario de la Convención Ramsar, adopatada en la ciudad de Ramsar, Irán, el 2 de febrero de 1971. Durante las últimas cuatro décadas Ramsar ha tenido un impacto positivo en la valoración, manejo y conservación de humedales alrededor del mundo. Como una de las Organizaciones Internacionales Socias, la Red de Socios de BirdLife está orgullosa de estar trabajando para apoyar a la Convención.
Today is World Wetlands Day and the 40th anniversary of the Convention on Wetlands, which was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar on 2 February 1971. Over the last four decades the Ramsar Convention has had a huge positive impact on how wetlands are valued, managed and conserved around the world. The BirdLife Partnership is proud to be working in support of the Convention, as one of its International Organisation Partners. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11896 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 357
} |
APULIA - Italian Days - Food Tours In Bologna, Venice, Florence, etc.
Apulia is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. Its southernmost portion, known as the Salento peninsula, forms a ``stiletto`` on the ``boot`` of Italy. The region comprises 19,345 square kilometers (7,469 sq mi), and its population is about 4 million.
Puglia’s coastline is longer than any other mainland Italian region. In the north, the Gargano promontory extends out into the Adriatic, while in the south, the flat and dry Salento peninsula forms the ‘heel’ of Italy’s boot.
Emigration from the region’s depressed areas to northern Italy and the rest of Europe was very intense in the years between 1956 and 1971. Subsequently, the trend declined as economic conditions improved, to the point where there was net immigration in the years between 1982 and 1985. Since 1986 the stagnation in employment has led to a new inversion of the trend, caused by a decrease in immigration.
A number of castles were built in the area by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, including Castel del Monte, sometimes called the “Crown of Apulia”.
In 1861 the region became part of the Kingdom of Italy, with the new capital city at Turin. In the words of one historian, Turin was “so far away that Otranto is today closer to seventeen foreign capitals than it is to Turin”. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11900 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 352
} |
In this series of videos, editor Ross Archer and producer Michael Proudfoot recall how editing technologies have changed during their careers, and how editors and producers would work together to assemble and refine television programmes.
Ross Archer recalls starting his career editing programmes like Playschool on 2-inch videotape recorders, making only a handful of cuts per episode. By the time Betacam edit suites with more complex edit controllers arrived he was doing more complex work, preparing material for broadcast as part of Ski Sunday.
For the first time in more than ten years, Ross Archer uses an edit controller connected to Betacam videotape recorders and a vision mixer. He demonstrates the technique of marking in- and out-points using the edit controller, and then previewing the results before committing to the edit.
Michael Proudfoot describes the process of writing a rough, or “scratch”, commentary to narrate the documentary programme he is producing. He does this while Ross is working on assembling the basic building blocks of the sequence. In this way, two creative production jobs are taking place simultaneously in the edit suite.
Michael Proudfoot discusses the difference between planning a shoot which used film, and planning a film which used videotape. By the 1980s, film was a scarcer and more expensive format than videotape. This enabled programme-makers to record longer and more free-flowing interviews. On the other hand, the accumulated volume of video rushes could pose a challenge to editors like Ross Archer who had to make sense of them.
These clips are drawn from a longer video sequence showing Ross Archer and Michael Proudfoot recalling and rediscovering the working practices of the Betacam edit suite. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11903 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 344
} |
When people think about renewable energy the first things that come to mind are usually windmills, solar panels, and hydropower. But there is a major component in this process that needs to be addressed, and a new professor in UIC’s Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering’s is addressing this issue.
Professor Arunkumar Subramanian, director of the Laboratory for Integrated Nanosystems (LINS) is investigating ways to make rechargeable batteries more sustainable. He is researching rechargeable batteries that use sodium ions instead of lithium ions for storing charge. The goal of this project is to improve the mechanical stability and electrochemical energy storage capacity of sodium-ion batteries by tuning the pore geometry and ionic content of microporous, sodium-ion intercalation electrodes. The research will address the large size of sodium ions, which creates multiple problems within a rechargeable battery, including its mechanical instability during the charging and discharging process.
Due to the more abundant availability of sodium, this research also addresses the emerging sustainability concerns involving the supply and geographic constraints associated with sourcing lithium metal in larger quantities for use in future transport electrification applications.
The funding for his research was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Subramanian is the principal investigator of a $225,000 award entitled “Collaborative Research: High-performance nanowire cathodes with stabilized microporous tunnels for Na-ion batteries,” which runs from Aug. 16, 2016 to June 30, 2019. This project involves collaborative efforts with Ekaterina Pomerantseva, an assistant professor in materials science at Drexel University.
The research objective of this project is to advance the sustainability of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology through life-span improvements in electrodes, which are sourced from sustainable and low cost manganese oxides. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11905 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 388
} |
Three three-quarter length figures stand out against a vivid, colourful background. Two women flank a young man, seen from behind. They may be offering him a choice, possibly between vice, symbolised by the apple, and virtue, symbolised by the flowers. This suggestion ties in with the allegorical character of many of Gauguin's Tahitian paintings in which ideas from different cultures are fused together. Gauguin used the same two young women as models in other paintings made around the same time, during his second period in Tahiti from 1895-1901. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11908 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 116
} |
Thanksgiving is a great time to share a traditional meal with family and to give thanks. This is a time where most people are probably not thinking about their eye health.
That being said, many of the foods served in a traditional Thanksgiving feast actually promote good eye health. These staples are rich in nutrients that contribute to healthy arteries, which in turn supply the eyes with oxygen and other needed resources.
It is clear to see that many of the staples that families already serve at Thanksgiving promote good eye health. Talk to our optometrists at Eye Care Associates for advice on additional foods that help contribute to the overall health of your eyes. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11909 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 128
} |
Extension Drawing Springs are most commonly used in recliners where they are attached at both ends to hold together two components.
When these components move apart, the spring tries to bring them together again.
Extension springs absorb and store energy as well as create a resistance to a pulling force.
Automotive interiors and exteriors, garage door assemblies, vise-grip pliers, carburetors, trampolines, washing devices, farm machinery, toys as well as thousands of other uses. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11913 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 106
} |
We are proud to announce the opening of our new High Definition MRI scanner.
MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRI is a way of getting pictures of various parts of your body without the use of x-rays, unlike regular x-rays pictures and CAT scans. A MRI scanner consists of a large and very strong magnet in which the patient lies. A radio wave antenna is used to send signals* to the body and then receive signals back. These returning signals are converted into pictures by a computer attached to the scanner. Pictures of almost any part of your body can be obtained at almost any particular angle.
Our MRI is comfortable and very patient friendly. Even large patients and muscular athletes are easily imaged with this system. We use the latest Imaging Technology in order to achieve excellent images while providing our patients with a comfortable experience.
An MRI is often needed to gain a clearer understanding of hidden clues regarding possible torn knee ligaments and cartilage, torn rotator cuffs, herniated disks, hip and pelvic conditions and other situations. An MRI usually takes 20 to 45 minutes to perform. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11916 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 222
} |
Do you like word(s) »singularly«?
[adv] in a singular manner or to a singular degree; "Lord T. was considered singularly licentious even for the courts of Russia and Portugal; he acquired three wives and fourteen children during his Portuguese embassy alone"
\Sin"gu*lar*ly\, adv. 1. In a singular manner; in a manner, or to a degree, not common to others; extraordinarily; as, to be singularly exact in one's statements; singularly considerate of others. ``Singularly handsome.'' --Milman. 2. Strangely; oddly; as, to behave singularly. 3. So as to express one, or the singular number.
Hearts desire number calculated from vowels: singularly: 9 + 3 + 1 = 13, reduced: 4 (or 2 if Y is vowel too). and the final result is Four.
Destiny number calculated from all letters: singularly: 1 + 9 + 5 + 7 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 9 + 3 + 7 = 48, reduced: 3, and the final result is Three. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11918 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 236
} |
The French Creole Barn. This is the last surviving French Creole barn in the state of Louisiana.
The French Creole Barn. French Creole barns are characterized by tall hip roofs supported by Norman roof trusses.
This is the last surviving French Creole barn in the state of Louisiana. It is contemporary with the construction of Whitney Plantation's main house. French Creole barns are characterized by tall hip roofs supported by Norman roof trusses. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11920 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 96
} |
Many different shortcuts exist for cooks in the pantry. Self-rising flour is one of these shortcuts that has flour, salt and baking soda. If you have a recipe that calls for all-purpose flour and also calls for salt and baking soda, you can substitute the self-rising flour for all-purpose flour in many cases. However, in some cases, your final product might rise and then fall if you have too much baking soda because of the self-rising flour. In recipes where you don't add enough baking soda in the conversion, the dish might not rise enough.
Determine the conversion ratios. One cup of self-rising flour is the same as 1 cup of all-purpose flour, 1/8 tsp. of salt and 1 1/4 tsp. of baking soda.
Look at what the recipe calls for. Assume you are baking a cake calling for 2 cups of all-purpose flour with 2 tsp. of baking soda and 1 tsp. of salt.
Calculate how much salt you need to add. The 2 cups of self-rising flour have approximately 1/4 tsp. of salt. You will only need to add 3/4 tsp. to your recipe now.
Calculate how much baking soda you need to add. Two cups of self-rising flour contain approximately 2 1/2 tsp. of baking soda. You have more baking soda than you need. This means that the baked product might rise too high; you can't sift out the baking soda, so you will have to accept this as part of the substitution result.
Self-rising flour is used for cakes and cookies, reducing the need for other ingredients; however, the ratios don't always work perfectly for recipes. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11922 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 354
} |
The Scouts and Guides contribute to the development of young minds. It engages them in intellectual, social and physical activities. Students can enroll in this and learn self-reliant techniques, undertake various projects. Further, students are taken for camps every year to get more exposure in the same. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11924 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 57
} |
Defenders of Wildlife, The Humane Society of the United States, and Ocean Conservancy on June 26 filed new litigation to force the National Marine Fisheries Service to require ships to slow down in certain areas to avoid fatal collisions with critically imperiled right whales, according to a press release.
The action comes two years after the agency proposed regulations needed to ensure the continued survival of the right whale and a full year after it promised to finalize those regulations.
Jonathan R. Lovvorn, vice president of animal protection litigation for The Humane Society, said, "Right whales are literally being run into the ground by the commercial shipping industry. We would prefer to work cooperatively with the administration to save this species, but with less than 400 remaining right whales, they can't afford to wait for any more broken promises."
The lawsuit seeks to have the Fisheries Service either complete the rulemaking process it began in 2006 or implement speed restrictions on an interim basis until the rulemaking is complete. It has been seven years since the Fisheries Service acknowledged that "the loss of even a single individual may contribute to the extinction of the species," and four years since the agency issued an "Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking," announcing its intention to slow and reroute ships in right whale habitat. Since then, no fewer than 10 right whales have been reported dead. The proposed rule is being reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.
In order to reduce the threat of ship-related deaths, the leading cause of death for the species, scientists have determined that vessels should travel at 10 knots within right whale habitat, when whales are present.
The North Atlantic right whale has yet to recover to healthy populations despite the protections of the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The species is found in the waters off the East Coast, where shipping lanes crisscross and thousands of ships travel to Atlantic ports. Ship strikes and entanglement in fishing gear are the leading human-related causes of right whale injuries and death. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11928 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 407
} |
Bergamot is a native of north-east North America. It had its “5 minutes of fame” in 1773 when American patriots claimed ‘Oswego Tea’ was their beverage of choice, rather than the heavily taxed (imported) Oriental tea. All part of the political protest better known as the Boston Tea Party.
The flowers and leaves are used to make the tea. The plant prefers a cool to mild climate so would do well in a semi shaded spot in hot areas and grows well in poor soil. It’s an expanding clump herb (perennial) that can grow 400-1000mm tall with spectacular crimson/scarlet flowers in summer. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11929 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 146
} |
Desmond Wong at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education has compiled a list for educators of Indigenous education content, in response to the recent cancellation of Truth and Reconciliation curriculum writing sessions.
A librarian at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) at the University of Toronto has compiled a list of Indigenous education content available.
"I compiled these items so that teachers would have something that they could look to that are largely created by Indigenous educators, artists, and authors to bring those authentic world views into their classrooms," said Desmond Wong.
Wong is the outreach librarian at the OISE library at the U of T campus. He is not Indigenous but he works closely with Indigenous staff, students and faculty and is responsible for the Indigenous education materials in the library.
"I think it's a responsibility for all of us as settlers to learn about these things and to celebrate Indigenous people and Indigenous students for the gifts that they have and the knowledge that they carry," he said.
It's important now for settlers, whether they're educators or not, to step up, said Wong.
"If there is no commitment from our education authorities, we need to take on the commitment to have these conversations, to talk to the people in our families, our children, our nieces and nephews, about Indigenous education."
"These sorts of initiatives they don't just benefit Indigenous students," said Jeffrey Ansloos, a professor at OISE.
"They lift the entire community up, so I think it's something that we need to care about, not just because it's helping some Indigenous kids or families but it's something that can really transform our entire community."
Ansloos, who grew up in Winnipeg and is from Fisher River Cree Nation, teaches Indigenous education, mental health and social policy.
He said Wong "is doing the work that's supporting our communities."
"I think that that's really the measure of a true ally — somebody that's putting themselves into the work, committing to that process."
Since it went live on July 12, Infusing Indigenous Perspectives in K-12 Teaching has so far been visited 9,000 times. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11930 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 445
} |
Geologists took a new look at a sequence of old rocks in southwest Greenland and discovered the earliest example yet of plate tectonics. Until March, when the findings were published in Science, researchers thought that continents began to solidify on Earth around 2.5 billion years ago. The new discovery shows that the process started much sooner, closer to when the planet formed.
Earth scientists have been crawling over the intensely baked and contorted rocks of the 3.8-billion-year-old Isua Supracrustal Belt for decades. But when Harald Furnes, a geologist at the University of Bergen in Norway, and his colleagues walked over the Greenland outcrops, bells went off. They saw sheeted dikes—thinly banded rocks composed almost entirely of a shiny, green-black mineral called amphibole. Previously, researchers had found nearby pillow lavas, bulbous lava flows that form under water. The combination of the two rock types, along with other geologic clues, could mean only one thing: They were standing on an ancient piece of the ocean floor.
Furnes says the significance of the find hit them immediately: It meant that the ocean floor was forming, and plate tectonics was active, nearly 1.3 billion years earlier than previously thought. It’s rare for such ocean rocks to survive so long, and finding them isn’t easy. “It depends on the experience of the observer and if you keep your eyes open when you do field work,” says Furnes. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11931 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 321
} |
A. E. Wilder-Smith was one of few scientists in the world to have three earned doctorates. He was an influential apologist for intelligent design before that term became a movement. As a highly qualified organic chemist, A. E. Wilder-Smith was uniquely positioned to critique so-called “chemical evolution.” This kindly gentleman was merciless in his attacks on Miller, Oparin, Fox and other evolutionists who claimed to be making progress explaining life’s origin by chance and necessity. His effectiveness stemmed not from vituperative ability or rhetoric, but rather – because of his intimate acquaintance with the facts of chemistry – from calm, rational dismantling of the philosophical and scientific assumptions underlying his opponents’ errors: i.e., from scientific arguments that could not be denied by any knowledgeable chemist. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11932 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 167
} |
Bipolar disorder affects about 2 million people in the United States in any given year. Both men and women are affected at the same rate. There are few risk factors that reliably predict a significant increased likelihood of being diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Genetics and one’s family history appear to both have some influence over the likelihood of being diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is more common in those who have a sibling or parent with the illness and in families having several generations affected with mood disorders.
Differing rates of bipolar disorder have not been reported for different races. Lower socioeconomic status may be slightly linked to a higher rate of bipolar disorder.
Men and women have an equal chance of being diagnosed with the disorder. The first episode in men tends to be a manic episode, while women are more likely to first experience a depressive episode.
The estimated average age for the onset of bipolar disorder is during the early 20s, although there have been reports of the disorder beginning as early as elementary school. In fact, bipolar disorder appears before age 20 in about one in five manic individuals.
Younger patients first may suffer cyclothymia, which is basically a less extreme form of bipolar disorder characterized by hypomanic and mild depressive episodes. Although people with cyclothymia display less intense symptoms, nearly half of them will progress to having a full manic episode. Younger patients who have full manic episodes are called juvenile bipolar patients. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11933 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 290
} |
It is well-established that socioeconomic (SES) disadvantage and biological vulnerability contribute to SES-based gaps in children's school readiness. The proposed study will investigate one way in which these two disadvantages may jointly exacerbate these early gaps: low-SES parents may invest fewer resources in vulnerable children, whereas high-SES parents may invest equally or more in them. Unlike prior research, the study focuses on investment during early childhood and examines two biological vulnerabilities: low birth weight (LBW) and difficult temperament. Investments are compared among siblings to minimize the influence of family-specific characteristics that might bias associations, drawing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Maternal and Child Supplement. Results indicate that low-SES parents are less cognitively stimulating with LBW infants, whereas higher-SES parents are not, but that parents across SES are less stimulating with difficult versus average temperament children and are more likely to report spanking them in infancy.
Ryan, Rebecca M., Christina Padilla and Caitlin Hines. "Differential Parenting of Biologically Vulnerable Versus Nonvulnerable Children By Socioeconomic Status." Presented: Chicago IL, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2017. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11935 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 245
} |
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) is an efficient technique which allows imaging solid surfaces with unprecedented resolution. STM is based on scanning a metallic tip just about the sample surface while monitoring the tunneling current between the metallic tip and the conducting surface which are in very close proximity but not actually in physical contact. During the scan, the probe sensor samples a specific signal which is interpreted in terms of structure, electronic or force interaction information from the interface. The tips used were made from an alloy of platinum and iridium by mechanically cutting them. The purpose of our experiments was to image the surfaces of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and gold surfaces at the atomic level. HOPG is one form of graphite which has highly orientated surface with respect to the layer-stacking direction. An atomically flat and clean surface can be easily obtained by peeling off the surface layer with a scotch tape. The (111) surface of gold is a versatile surface for preparation and observation of molecular and nano structures. To obtain atomically flat surfaces, the gold samples were first annealed under hydrogen flame. We obtained atomic resolution of both HOPG and gold surfaces. The image quality of the STM micrographs depends on the properties of the tip and the control parameters of the feedback system. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11937 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 272
} |
Imagine sitting down at your computer, typing out a message, and then having that message translated into a tiny self-assembling machine. In essence, this is what a group of Danish German and American researchers have done. Using short bits of DNA to link up distant regions throughout a very long single strand of DNA these folks were able to build six square walls and have them assemble, on their own, to form a sealed box. What's more, they were able to affix several molecular locks on each edge of the hollow cube. This allows the box to be opened at will when the right combination of molecular "keys" are introduced to the solution. Each cube is approximately 1/10,000th the width of a human hair. Billions of these boxes were assembled in a test tube and a few were imaged using an atomic force microscope.
This work literally expands the arsenal of a technique known as DNA origami. Paul Rothemund explains this technique in the first TED talk below.
The above talk was given in 2007. In the next talk (posted a year later) you can see a larger potential being realized for the application of DNA origami. The idea that DNA can be programmed by human beings to form circuits is more momentous than I think people realize. If this technology is pursued it might mean that self-assembling, self-replicating, molecular machines designed by humans may emerge and evolve in the not-so-distant future. The implication here is that humanity may in fact be creating a new form of life in which evolving neural networks could emerge without programmer input. This is by definition - artificial intelligence. Of course we don't have to get out our matrix survival kits quite yet. But these human-made DNA machines could help us colonize the moon, mars, or explore other potentially habitable planets. Imagine conjuring a self assembling, self replicating, thinking, adaptable machine capable of flying out of earth's orbit.
If images of the Borg immediately flood your mind you are not alone. This will indeed be a complex set of decisions we must face. How do we advance technology while preserving human moral integrity? It should not be up to the President's council of bioethics, but rather the citizens of the world that will have to live alongside these creations. In a case such as self replicating artificial intelligence we can not be afraid of the boggy men in deep space but rather be aware of the potentials for good and ill and voice our opinions accordingly. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11938 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 508
} |
Your political vote should mean something to you. Some young people don’t take the time to vote, but they should.
According to census.gov, people ages 18 through 24 have consistently voted at a lower rate than any other age group in America.
Jonathan Wharton, a political science professor at Southern, has a theory as to why young people are not getting involved in voting.
Even though most college students and younger people don’t have kids or property to worry about, their vote can still make a huge difference.
Another interesting fact that census.gov pointed out is that people ages 65 years or older are typically the ones who vote the most.
Kevin Buterbaugh, a professor and department chair of international political economy at Southern, thinks this is a huge advantage for older people.
“People over the age of 65 vote at very high rates and that’s one of the reasons you have really good social programs for people over 65,” said Buterbaugh.
Younger people aren’t going to get what they want until they start voting. Older people are dominating the votes and are controlling the ability to choose.
Brian Ahern, a sophomore at Southern, is of the legal voting age and has yet to exercise his right. He does want to start getting more involved and thinks young people should be voting more.
Many other Americans take the same path that Ahern has. According to demos.org, in 2012 there was an estimated 51 million eligible Americans that still had not registered to vote.
Many of these Americans are younger people who had just became eligible to vote. Buterbaugh thinks that students could make a massive impact if they decided to vote.
Students tend to frequently complain about high tuition and lack of financial aid. If they went to vote, they could help change some of these prices, making it more affordable to attend higher education institutions.
Political leaders usually do not advertise or pay much attention to the younger class of citizens because they know that most of them probably will not vote. Younger people need to rethink their decisions to not vote.
Wharton agrees with Buterbaugh about students hurting themselves by not voting. However, Wharton does not see students getting more active in voting.
If you have not registered to vote yet, you should. You can make a real impact in the polls and help change the United States into a place that’s better for everybody, especially the younger generation. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11944 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 504
} |
The Research has been conducted in buffer zone, Sesaot Protected Forest. The aim of research is to provide information about the condition of the vegetation that covers the diversity, structure, and composition. This information is important for forest managers to maintain and even improve the composition of plant species as natural forest vegetation.Therefore, studies of forest vegetation have been conducted in two blocks (Waode and Pengkoak) using stratified sampling plots. The results indicate that the minimum curve area were found in plots of (40 x 40 m) developed in two different blocks of observations with each diversity index was 1.23 (in waode) and 1.14 (in Pengkoak). Vegetation structure in the block Waode was fairly well possessing an L-type structure, while for the block Pengkoak was somewhat less well with a U-shaped like structure. Twenty-nine plant species in Waode and 26 species on the Pengkoak were recorded with a similarity index (IS) of 0.47. The similarity index indicates that the two blocks are quite different in species composition. In the block Waode, Saurauria pendula is a dominant tree with an IVI of 107.79 followed by Debregeasia dichotoma (IVI 95.55). In contrast, in the block Pengkoak, D. dichotoma has the highest IVI, followed by Laportea decumana. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11945 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 288
} |
"The red kite is one of Britain's rarest and most spectacular birds, especially at close quarters. Between 2004 and 2007 the Northern Kites Project re-introduced 94 red kites into the lower Derwent Valley. This Project was unique; whereas the previous ones had been carried out in rural areas, this one brought back the kites to a semi-urban environment, close to the large conurbation of Gateshead and its neighbour on the north bank of the River Tyne, Newcastle. People can now walk to admire the red kites in the Lower Derwent Valley and yet, in the distance, they can see the silver roof of The Sage Gateshead" | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11949 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 137
} |
We’ve just announced the details of our next event, Voices, which will see us partner up with The Greater Manchester Sound Archive.
In this guest blog, archivist David Govier tells us more about his passion for sound recordings and introduces the ideas behind the event.
Everybody has an album they can remember giving themselves to completely. For me it’s Portishead’s Dummy. It was 1994. I was fifteen. I got home from Our Price in Dumfries, went to my room, put the CD on and switched off all the lights. I listened to it, repeatedly, in the pitch black, lying on my bed. I still can’t listen to it and not think of that beautiful day.
Sounds get under your skin and into your brain that way. Maybe it’s because they’re literally shaking up your inner ear. They demand an emotional response. You can’t help imagining the scene and feeling what it was like. Here’s Campbell talking remembering a funny scene from Manchester’s gay village in the 1960s.
It cracks me up every time. Quite apart from challenging perspectives on the history of Canal Street, the clip drops us into a space and time and challenges us to imagine it. Listening properly is a creative experience. And that’s why First Draft has been given the keys to the archives.
The Greater Manchester Sound Archive is an amazing collection of sound recordings held at Central Library. It includes over 200 shelves of every format from wax cylinders to usb sticks containing voices from the past talking and singing about their lives in Greater Manchester.
This is your chance to talk back to the archive, and for your work to be added to the collection. Just select a sound clip from this set to use as your prompt, let First Draft know which one you’ve picked, and get writing! Use the clip in any way it takes you.
Many of the sounds were collected by Paul Graney, a folk music collector and oral historian. He knew Manchester from walking the city and talking to whoever he could. He built up a unique archive of oral history, radio and folk music from the 1950s to the 1980s.
Here is a recording Paul made of birdsong, traffic and church bells in Alexandra Park, just round the corner from where he lived in Whalley Range. Listen to it and put yourself there. What else happened that day? Who might have Paul seen in the park? | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11951 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 511
} |
US Coast Guard and other search-and-rescue personnel in the USA will stop monitoring distress alerts broadcast using digital 121.5 or 243 MHz EPIRBS with effect from 1 February. Search and rescue satellites will no longer process older model analog EPIRBs that only transmit on 121.5 or 243 MHz.
The 406 EPIRB’s signal is 50 times more powerful than the 121.5 beacon’s, allowing satellites to better detect its signal and provide a more accurate search area for rescue crews. A GPS-embedded 406 EPIRB can shrink a search area to about 100 yards and can also pinpoint the position of a distressed mariner within minutes.
Additionally, the number of false alerts with digital beacons is significantly lower than analog beacons, for which the only way to determine if an alert is an actual emergency is to send rescue crews to the area. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11952 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 181
} |
You’ve actually been applying the social psychological attribution theory for a long time now. I’m bringing it up because it supports what Mixonian has expressed many times: your ability to choose interpretations is a valuable source of power for you.
To quote Wikipedia, Attribution theory is concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behavior of others or themselves (self-attribution) with something else. It explores how individuals “attribute” causes to events and how this cognitive perception effects their usefulness in an organization.
To make this work for you, imagine you have to make a killer presentation. That means if you don’t achieve your objective, your boss will kill you. No pressure, right?
Option 1: You could choose to attribute this responsibility to your boss having unwavering faith in your ability. Otherwise she would have assigned it to someone else.
Option 2: She’s about to fire you anyway, so in a way you’re the sacrificial victim — closing the deal is only a remote possibility.
Option 3: Obviously you’re up for a promotion, otherwise this task would have gone to someone else.
We could go on and on with other options. Motivations are normally complex and may even fluctuate. So go with an interpretation, or attribution, that seems reasonable and comfortable. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11954 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 281
} |
The regal sapphire has been cherished for hundreds of years and in 1912 was named the official birthstone of the month of September by the American National Association of Jewelers. The sapphire is also one of the stones for the Zodiac signs of Pisces, Taurus, Virgo and Sagittarius.
The sapphire gets its name from the Greek word for sappheiros, meaning blue. For me, I close my eyes and picture the deep blue seas of Santorini. When we think of sapphires we generally think of “blue” but we do get sapphires in other colours too. Green and yellow as well as the more rare deep pink sapphire. Hues of orange and brown, clear and the exceptional colour change sapphires, which shift their colour slightly, other more expensive stones changing dramatically.
Tradition states that the tablets containing the Ten Commandments were composed of sapphire, making it the most sacred of all gemstones. Because of its heavenly approval, the sapphire was the choice of royalty throughout the ages and thought to have brought good fortune, holiness, faithfulness and loyalty. The British Crown Jewels to this day remain heavily encrusted in sapphires.
Another belief is that the ancient Persians believed that the earth rested on a giant sapphire and its reflection colored the sky.
Today celebrities are drawn to the blue stone, admiring its classic beauty and often adorning themselves in it for red carpet events. For me, Princess Diana stands out the most when I think of celebrities wearing sapphires. Here she is seen in a seven strand pearl and sapphire choker. The large sapphire with two rows of diamonds surrounding it was originally a brooch, given to the Princess by Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother as a wedding gift. The Princess wore it as a brooch on two occasions, but decided to have it altered to be the center piece of a pearl choker. And course the famous engagement ring; a dazzling oval blue 18-carat sapphire and diamond ring that now sits on the beautiful Kate!
Now we might not be able to embellish ourselves to the likes of royality and Hollywood stars but you are definitely able to to satisfy your Sapphire Desires with our picks from The Jewellery Channel. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11955 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 487
} |
Where are you from and where did you complete your undergraduate studies?
I was born on the beautiful island of Puerto Rico and had always lived there until last year. I did my undergraduate studies in the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, majoring in electrical engineering.
What is your research about and why are you excited about your project?
My research project is the design of a high frequency power converter using phase shift control. Power converters are power processors, and, ideally, should only manipulate power but not consume any of it. Therefore it is very important that the efficiency of the power conversion process be very high. Also because these converters are power deliverers, they should be as small and low cost as possible. Power electronics is a very dynamic field that evolves hand in hand with other technologies, especially the semiconductor industry. My project consists of a small in size but highly efficient power converter that utilizes gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, one of the latest generation of transistors. I will be testing the capabilities of said devices and implement new control techniques. I believe that efficient power processing is very important to the advancement of technology, like smart phones, electrical cars, and renewable energy harvesting devices, to name a few.
What do you like to do outside of research and academics?
When I am not in the lab, I like watching soccer games, playing video games and swimming in the pool at the gym. I like to travel, experience other cultures and enjoy music.
What are your career goals and future plans?
After obtaining my PhD degree I want to continue in the field of power electronics, but am still unsure of whether to go to the industry or the academia. As I reach closer to graduation, I hope to come to a decision. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11959 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 363
} |
During the 2006/07 crop year it is estimated that China became the largest producer of ELS cotton in the world, with 781,000 bales of production compared to United States production of 765,400 bales. A surge in plantings saw an increase that more than doubled production levels from the previous year’s 367,000 bales. China is expected to increase production again for the 2007/08 crop, albeit by a far slimmer margin this time around, to about 811,000 bales. The United States is now the second-largest producer of ELS cotton, having previously been the largest. Production in the United States has grown on a much slower and more consistent long-term basis than the growth witnessed in China recently. The next largest producers of ELS cottons are India and Egypt. ELS cottons are also grown in lesser quantities in Sudan, the Commonwealth of Independent States (including Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), Australia, Israel and Peru.
ICAC tracks and publishes statistics on supply of and demand data for cotton, including a report called Extra-Fine Cotton This Month. The report from 14 June 2007 forecasts an ELS and LS production figure for the 2007/08 crop year of 3,520,000 bales. This is an increase over the previous year, and almost as large as the previous recent largest production years of 2001/02 and 1993/94. This production estimate is also over 900,000 bales higher than the figure two years ago. When looking only at the ELS component, global production is estimated to be 2,652,000 bales for 2007/08. This is an increase of 775,000 bales over the production figure from two years ago. Almost 60% of that increase can be contributed to the growth in China’s production. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11960 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 378
} |
The Bible used in this lesson was translated into English long ago. When the translators wrote: “neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand” and “no man is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand”, they didn’t mean that Jesus could only protect us from other humans. The use of the world man reflects the way people spoke in those days. Today we would translate these verses to say “no one” rather than “no man”. Jesus protects His followers not only from other people but also from the devil and from evil spirits.
1. In verse 25, Jesus gives two reasons for believing that He is the Christ. What are they?
2. Do you think the problem these people had concerning faith was with the evidence or with their own unwillingness to accept Jesus for who He is? Why?
3. Who are Jesus’ sheep?
4. Can anyone force Jesus to give us up?
5. According to these verses and the “Related Scriptures” can we be sure we are saved?
6. a. Does the person who is trusting Jesus as Savior need to worry that he or she will be turned away from Heaven? b. Which verses of John 10:22-30 support your answer?
7. What is our safety and our assurance of salvation based on?
8. Do you have the assurance today that you belong to Jesus Christ? | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11965 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 302
} |
A group of beavers reportedly caused €750,000 ($850,000) worth of damage to the small Austrian town of Zurndorf, prompting the area’s mayor to call for action from conservationists.
The cheeky semiaquatic rodents are believed to have caused damage to flood controls and water flows, resulting in a hefty bill for the extremely frustrated mayor of the town.
The beaver problem has continued to escalate over the years prompting the Austrian government to set up a “beaver management” program in 2015 to act as a bridge between conservation groups and those affected.
The so-called managers were able to resolve 35 conflicts in 29 municipalities across the country since it was established in April last year.
Beavers were reintroduced into Austria in the 1970s after being hunted to near-extinction from the country in previous decades.
Around 40 were originally introduced to the wild, causing the population to soar with thousands now living in the country.
For the time being, the beaver management program continues to be used for education purposes and to resolve local problems, but could be used to relocate or even cull some of the population, according to the Local.
In the meantime, beavers might not take too well to the mayor’s comments. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11969 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 262
} |
(Wireless-NewsWire.Com, August 09, 2018 ) Mobile Mapping Systems is a multi-sensor system used to collect geospatial data that consists of three major components: a control unit, remote mapping sensors and navigation or positioning sensors. The control unit operates as the brain of the system and it is used to integrate the acquired data of geometric or position information. The geospatial data is collected from a mobile vehicle, airplanes, mobile marine vessels on which all the sensors are integrated or mounted. It being mounted on a platform, is used to calculate the trajectory effectively and the output is generated. The output of the mobile mapping systems includes GIS data, geo spatial images & video and digital maps. The mapping sensors include either photographic, radar, laser or LiDAR systems. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11974 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 161
} |
The main cause for hair loss in women is androgen mediated. There are some new entities described in the literature which may not be amenable to hair transplantation.
A full diagnostic evaluation is important prior to any procedure. It is important to order a full hormonal panel with a detailed thyroid evaluation. A recently recognized cause of female androgenic alopecia and polycystic ovarian syndrome is the “non-classical 21 hydroxylase deficiency”. Women with this syndrome experience: cystic acne, hirsutism, hair loss, obesity, decreased fertility and polycystic ovaries. These types of gene mutations are expected in 1:100 people in New York City because of their predominance in certain ethnic groups.
This rather common autosomal recessive disorder can present at any age and sometimes is asymptomatic. Patients presenting with hair loss as a result of this deficiency can be treated with anti-androgens.
At Park Avenue Medical Spa all patients who are considering Neograft Hair Transplant are thoroughly evaluated. If we detect any cause for alopecia other than the common female pattern hair loss we will order a full hormonal evaluation followed by a referral to an endocrinologist if indicated. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11976 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 251
} |
Sand Tray Therapy is an expressive therapy similar to Art Therapy in that it is non-verbal and uses the imagination, subconscious, and metaphor and can be useful to children, teens, adults, families, couples, and groups. Sand Tray Therapy allows a client to create a reflection of their inner and outer worlds by arranging miniature figures in the sand tray. The “world” created can illuminate new understanding and provide opportunities to resolve conflicts, remove blocks, and explore new scenarios in a way that is unthreatening. This form of Sand Tray Therapy is called “World Technique.” Often, especially with children, the sand tray an ongoing inter active story and can involve the therapist role-playing figures as directed by the child’s “story.” This form of sand tray is similar to Play Therapy.
Children who have experienced trauma often aren’t able to talk about their emotional states. Not only are sand, art, and play natural arenas for kids to feel secure and comfortable, they are metaphoric and natural languages for children. The therapist follows the child’s lead in sand and play, interacting upon request. This allows the therapist to normalize and psycho-educate about emotional reactions to trauma. Independent play or interactive play allow the child to express feelings and their understanding of what happened, while also empowering them with a sense of control and movement toward healing resolutions. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11977 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 283
} |
protects what is left of this ecoregion.
rivers in the region are the Hueque, Tocuro and Aroa.
2000). The median temperature is from 27 to 28 °C.
Caesalpinia coriaria, Capparis coccolobifolia, C. flexuosa, C. linearis, C. odoratissima, C.
Opuntia sp., Pereskia colombiana, P. guamacho, Piptadenia flava, Pithecellobium dulce, P.
and Clara Alarcon 1988), (UNESCO 1981).
more characteristic of ecoregion 27- Cordillera La Costa Montane forests.
is very well adapted to dry habitats, and is mainly found in deciduous forest (Eisenberg 1989).
The high endemic number of birds in this and other ecoregions is restricted to arid lowlands.
(Arremonops tocuyensis), and vermilion cardinal (Cardinalis phoeniceus) (Stattersfield et al.
most altered areas are in the north and central parts of the ecoregion.
spectacular caverns of Venezuela (Gabaldon 1992).
Destruction of habitat by agriculture and grazing.
law in Venezuela protects it.
Lara and Falcón, and preliminary delineation’s follow Huber and Alarcón (1988). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11980 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 306
} |
The Hayward fault is particularly dangerous, arguably even more so than the feared San Andreas fault, for a few reasons. An eye-opening report by the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that a significant earthquake, such as a magnitude 7 quake, could have an initial death toll of at least 800, which would increase due to the likelihood that “more than 400 fires could ignite” following the quake.
The Hayward fault runs through the eastern, most densely populated region of the Bay Area, putting as many as 2 million people at a high risk. The fault typically sees a major earthquake “once every 150 to 160 years, give or take 70 or 80 years,” according to the report. The last major earthquake, a magnitude 6.8, occurred along the faultline 150 years ago. While there is no guarantee that a major quake will hit within the next few years, many became especially concerned about the risk after the smaller tremors hit the Bay Area. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11983 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 197
} |
General Nutrition – WellPsyche. Beyond.
The food and drink choices we make each day have significant effects on our health and wellbeing. When problems with mood, energy levels, focus, concentration, sleep and appetite arise, it is particularly important to carefully consider our nutritional status. Many factors, including dietary patterns, can contribute to poor metabolism, weight gain, poor energy, sensitivity to heat and cold, poor vitamin and nutrient absorption, mental “fogginess” and poor cardiovascular health.
Taking time to evaluate our diets and modify them to maximize our wellbeing is an important step to achieving and maintaining wellness. There is no “one size fits all” approach to nutrition and you should work with your health provider to develop a nutritional strategy that is customized to your needs.
There are however, some basic guidelines that most people should follow.
Eating a diet full of fresh fruits and vegetables that are grown organically or washed thoroughly and drinking at least 40-60 ounces of purified water daily can improve your overall wellbeing dramatically.
Avoiding added sugar is challenging but will help regulate blood sugar levels and promote better overall cardiovascular health over time. Poor cardiovascular health is associated with greater risk for developing problems with memory, focus, concentration and higher rates of depression.
Eliminating or limiting alcohol consumption helps reduce overall inflammation in the body, leading to a stronger immune system. Regular alcohol consumption, especially in the evening, often leads to sleep problems. Chronic sleep problems usually results in problems with mood, focus, concentration, memory, anxiety and weight gain.
Limiting your consumption of meat, especially red meat (beef, veal, and pork) can significantly reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11986 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 347
} |
Relationship problems often take the form of poor communication, unmet needs, or even manipulative or exploitative behavior by one or both people. Although going to counseling for these kinds of problems is often thought to be for couples or spouses, therapy can also provide benefits for relationships with parents, children, or other loved ones. Additionally, if a person is finding themselves continuously getting into unsatisfying or toxic relationships, it can be helpful to go to counseling alone to gain insight about what is happening and how to stop the pattern.
Therapists can help achieve healthier relationships in a few ways. First, therapists are trained to act as facilitators to help all people involved communicate with each other clearly and openly about their feelings and expectations. Having an impartial observer (the therapist) can help people solve conflicts with each other in a more productive manner that doesn’t involve shouting or shutting down the conversation—two extremely common roadblocks to healthy conflict. The second way therapists can improve relationships is by working with individuals who are suffering from problems that may be contributing to interpersonal issues. These problems could include mood disorders like anxiety or depression. Sometimes, a past traumatic relationship may be at the root of the problem; in this case, the therapist can help by working with the patient to resolve previous traumatic relationships so that he or she can make healthier choices with current loved ones. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11989 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 272
} |
The Millennium Development Goals’ focus on just three infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, malaria, and belatedly, tuberculosis) configured the global health funding landscape for 15 years. neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a group of 17 or so diseases that disproportionately afflict the world’s ‘bottom billion’, are a symbol of global health inequities, in terms of prioritisation, research attention, and treatment. This article traces efforts to include NTDs in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) agenda and, having achieved that goal, lobby for an influential position in the post-2015 aid agenda. The SDGs herald a shift to a more expansive approach and there is a risk that NTDs will once again be left behind, lost in a panoply of new goals and targets. There is, however, an opportunity for NTDs to lever their ‘neglect’ and be recast as a tool of accountability, acting as both a target for and proxy indicator of health equity for the SDGs.
Research Council (ERC)-funded project ‘Investigating Networks of Zoonosis Innovation’ (INZI), which aims to analyse the complex interplay of actors, policies, and projects that have shaped research into and control of African trypanosomiasis until the present day.
James Smith is Professor of African and Development Studies and Vice Principal at the. He has publishedwidely on the relationship between scientific research, technological innovation, and international development. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11991 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 306
} |
Here in Colorado, we’re used to a little bit of weather. While we accept that we’ll have to deal with our fair share of storms, it doesn’t mean we have to like it. That’s particularly true when it comes to storm damage, and the toll storms can take on roof siding. As experienced siding contractors, we’ve witnessed the aftermath of a nasty storm, and we know what it can do to your roof.
Perhaps you’re preparing for an insurance claim, or you simply want to broaden your general knowledge. Read on for a few telltale signs of storm damage to your siding.
This might be a no-brainer, but if planks are loose or missing entirely, it’s probably due to a weather event. Heavy wind or hail storms are notorious for loosening planks or blowing them away entirely.
On the other hand, storm damage isn’t always obvious. Upon closer inspection, you might see siding that’s split, cracked, or warped. If planks are clearly not in good shape, the smart move is to have the siding repaired or replaced as soon as possible.
Clogged gutters are another frequent source of siding damage. If your gutters become clogged due to excessive leaves or other debris, water has no way to drain out. As a result, it will inevitably spill out onto your roof and siding, and over time, the water damage can be profound. If you see evidence of water marks around the siding, odds are it’s due to clogged gutters.
Possibly the most insidious damage of all is due to mold and mildew. While everything might appear to be fine, mold colonies could be growing underneath siding that’s damaged and provided a way in. If you see evidence of mold, you might be in store for a big problem. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11994 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 397
} |
(botany) Any of the genus Galium of annual and perennial herbaceous plants, including the bedstraws.
In England, the following species are confined or almost confined to calcareous soils: A splenium Ruta-muraria, Melica nutans, Carex digitata, Aceras anthropophora, Ophrys ap~ifera, Thalictrum minus, Helianthemum Chamaecislus, Viola hirta, Linum perenne, Geranium lucidum, Hippocrepis comosa, Potentiila verna, Viburnum Lantana, Galium asperum (= G.
Upon the highest summits are found Saponaria Pumilio (resembling our Silene acaulis) and varieties of Galium, Euphorbia, Astragalus, Veronica, Jurinea, Festuca, Scrophularia, Geranium, Asphodeline, Allium, Asperula; and, on the margins of the snow fields, a Taraxacum and Ranunculus demissus. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11995 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 232
} |
The 13781st positive integer is an odd prime number that follows the number 13780 and comes before 13782. Thirteen thousand seven hundred eighty-one is 5 digits long.
Q: Is 13781 a prime number?
Q: What is the negative number for 13781?
Q: What is half of 13781?
Q: What is a third of 13781?
Q: What is a quarter of 13781?
Q: What is the square root of 13781?
Q: What is 13781 times Pi?
Q: What is 13781 divided by Pi?
Q: What is the scientific notation for 13781?
Q: What are the divisors for 13781?
Q: What is the factorization of 13781?
Q: What is the sum of divisors of 13781, including itself?
Q: What is the sum of divisors of 13781, excluding itself?
The spelling of 13781 in different languages.
Q: What is the roman numeral for 13781?
Q: What is the digital capacity for 13781?
The number 13781 represented in different base number systems.
List the frequency of characters that make up the number 13781.
List of hash code values for 13781. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/11999 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 268
} |
You have no doubt noticed that aging affects every part of your body and much of it is unavoidable. Science has taught us that if we take care of ourselves better, we can slow down, reverse or at least lessen the symptoms of getting older. One area of concern as we age is our dental health. At this point in your life, you may be noticing a greater occurrence of certain dental disorders that may have been less of an issue in your earlier years. Read on for more information about dental problems in your golden years.
Gingivitis is the inflammation of your gums caused by bacteria in your mouth. In this initial stage of gum disease, a professional cleaning will rid your teeth of the plaque and tartar that hold the harmful bacteria. If left untreated, gingivitis could progress to periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease that could lead to the destruction of the bone structure around your mouth and the bones that hold your teeth in.
Missing teeth are common at this point in life, but this issue is more than simply a cosmetic one. Missing teeth cause permanent changes in your mouth if not replaced. Your other teeth can shift to close the gap, leading to lose teeth. In addition, the area of the missing tooth can be a hot spot for bacteria to invade your gums. The options for replacing missing teeth include implants, bridges and dentures, if you have a lot of tooth loss.
Dry mouth can be caused by medications, health conditions like diabetes or a reduction in saliva simply due to aging. While uncomfortable, dry mouth is also a contributing factor in gum disease. Saliva is our body's natural cleanser for our mouth and teeth, so having a dry mouth could increase your chances for other oral health problems like decay and gum disease.
Mouth cancer, or oropharyneal cancer affects areas of your mouth such as the gums, tongue, throat and tonsils, sides of the mouth and the lips. This type of cancer begins with tiny bumps inside the mouth that may go unnoticed except by your dental hygienist or dentist.
Don't allow these common dental diseases to cause more problems with your health in your older years. Taking care of your dental health is just as important as eating a healthy diet and exercising. See your dentist (like those at Panther Hollow Dental Lodge) for regular check ups to help catch and treat these disorders so you can continue to have everything to smile about. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12000 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 499
} |
Over the last few years, bicycles have become more popular –as a form of transportation, as a form of exercise, and as a form of recreation. However, this sudden popularity has also resulted in more accidents. A new study conducted by the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) reports that bicycle accidents have significantly increased in the U.S., with many serious injuries occurring among riders older than 45.
Over the 17-year study period, medical costs for bicycle injuries, both fatal and non-fatal, have exceeded $237 billion. In 2013, alone, total costs resulting from bicycle accidents amounted to more than $24.4 billions. The UCSF study reports that bicycle injury costs have steadily risen since 1997. There has been a significant increase in emergency department visits and hospital admissions.
The study also found that although most bicycle accidents in the past resulted from non-street accidents, the current culprit for most bicycle accidents are vehicles. In other words, street bicycle accidents, especially those involving motor vehicles, represents a greater portion of the costs associated with bicycle crashes. The reason is that bicycle accidents that involve vehicles increase the severity of the impact of the crash and the severity of the injuries to the rider.
If you or a loved one has been injured in a bicycle accident that was caused by another party, you may be entitled to compensation. An experienced accident attorney who specifically handles these types of accidents can help you get the full compensation that you deserve. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12005 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 296
} |
Cordless power tools work on rechargeable batteries, meaning they operate without the need for a power cable. Theyre a versatile piece of equipment because as long as the battery is charged the tool can be used anywhere, without having to work near an electrical outlet. Theres also the added benefit of not having to worry about electrical cords getting in the way.
Almost all cordless power tools on the market come with a lithium-ion battery , which is capable of holding a lot of power which doesnt diminish over time if the tool isnt used. Plus, the top cordless tools will last a long time before their power starts to fade and some of the high-spec ones come with a fast charger. Whats more, some are up to 40% lighter than some other types of battery, making them easier to work with.
What voltage are cordless power tools?
The batteries for cordless tools come in different sizes, ranging from as low as 6 volts all the way up to 36 volts. The lower the voltage, the less powerful the tool, as this determines how much power the battery can deliver.
For light-duty tasks, a tool between 7 and 15 volts is suitable, for medium-duty tasks look for anything between 12 and 18 volts, whereas for heavy-duty work look for tools which range between 18 and 36 volts.
Convenient – one of the biggest selling points of cordless tools is the convenience of being portable, because they dont require electric supply. They can move with you and are ideal for quick fixes and hard-to-reach places. Plus, with an extra battery always charging, theyre never without power. Whats more, by not having to worry about cords getting in the way this can help to reduce hazards and risks.
Extra features – many cordless tools are produced with a variety of features, such as multiple speeds.
Multiple uses for the battery – a huge benefit of modern cordless tools is that the same battery can be used in other tools.
Storage – cordless power tools are typically easy to store. They can be placed in drawers or on shelves and often come with individual storage containers to house the tool and any accompanying batteries. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12006 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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Many technologies like thin clients or cloud computing possess a growing interest, which currently results in a movement towards increasing usage of growing data centers and an accompanying rising energy demand. To ensure an economical and ecological operation of data centers nevertheless, action to cut down on energy have to be taken by the operators. A good possibility for this purpose is the virtualization of services followed by a dynam-ic allocation to the servers. Thus unneeded server capacities can be shut down to save energy. In a survey we analyzed possible application areas as well as present challenges of load manage-ment both inside a data center and data center comprehensive. Furthermore we theoretically evaluated the energy saving poten-tial: Inside a data center load management could reduce the ener-gy consumption by 20% to over 40% and if it is extended to a network of data centers costs of 10% and more could be saved additionally. In another field of application the data center com-prehensive load management is used to flatten the energy demand of the data center’s neighborhood such that the energy supply can easier adapt the energy production to the requirement. Thus, 50% of regulation demand of an average settlement could be covered. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12009 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 239
} |
Degenerative—known as osteoarthritis, this is the most common type of arthritis. It occurs as a result of cartilage break down which can occur as we age. With decreased cartilage bone rubs against bone causing pain and stiffness. Factors that increase your risk for osteoarthritis include: being overweight, previous injury and family history.
Inflammatory—this type of arthritis is related to a dysfunctional immune system that attacks the joints with inflammation. Two examples in this category are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. These conditions are more complex and affect other systems in your body besides your joints.
Infectious—in some cases joint inflammation can be caused by the invasion of a bacterium, virus or fungus into the joint. Conditions such as salmonella or food poisoning, hepatitis C and certain sexually transmitted disease like Chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause this type of arthritis. If caught in the early stages, antibiotics may be able to eliminate the joint infection but chronic arthritis is a possible outcome.
Metabolic—this refers to gout, a form of arthritis that frequently strikes the joint at the base of the big toe. It has to do with the body being unable to rid itself of uric acid. An overabundant amount of this substance will cause crystals in the joints and sudden and extreme pain.
If you have noticed pain or discomfort in the joints of your feet or ankles, make an appointment at our Long Beach office by calling: (562) 420-9800 so one of our podiatrists, Dr. Victoria Foley or Dr. Constance Omelas can evaluate your feet and determine if you are suffering from an arthritic condition. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12011 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 350
} |
Telephone Without a Wire draws on the idea of translation and the interaction between knowledge systems. The title refers to the Brazilian version of Chinese Whispers, a game played around the world that demonstrates the effects of cumulative error, made through multiple exchanges of information. The video works in the exhibition were all filmed during a period of fieldwork undertaken in the Atlantic Rainforest (Mata Atlântica) and the rural villages of the Guapiacu River Basin, Brazil, 2009. A narrative that runs through all the works is the ethno-zoological connections that exist between humans and animals that, in the case of birds, refer to omens culturally associated with them. These divinations may be related to meteorological phenomena or have religious dimensions. We realized human perception of the symbolic value of an animal is important because it can lead to its protection or destruction. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12015 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 174
} |
What about scaled drawings, 2:1 etc Simple one page PowerPoint.
A nice series of orthographic to isometric videos on YouTube. Using Autocad 2008 for convenience but paper and pencil fundamentals are the same. Note the switched front view and top view in this presentation.
This drawing is from an overseas college. The isometric practice is done on drawing boards the world over. Spot the ability in the isometric holes? The bolt holes isometric are on a different axis to the main bore hole. But only a small percentage of students will put the effort into doing it correctly. The link between detail and neat drawing and electronics aptitude is a very high correlation. So it goes to follow that electronics training is difficult for students who struggle to do drawings like this one. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12023 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 157
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Most people know that what they eat can affect how they feel. For example, you might know from experience that too much caffeine makes you jittery, and too much turkey makes you sleepy. But do you know your local soundscape affects you?
As we lead increasingly urban lives, that question takes on more importance. The constant thrum of traffic, for example, might impact how we cope with stress. Living with daily emergency services sirens might affect how we respond to people in trouble.
The Sound Around You project aims to learn more about sonic influences. Researchers are asking people around the world to use their iPhone to record clips from different sound environments, and to upload them to a map. Participants are also invited to post their opinions of the clips and why they chose to record them.
To get involved, search for “isay” in the Apple App Store, and install the free app on your phone. Then record your environment and send the clip to the Sound Around You project. You can also visit the website to browse the map.
Noise Tube measures noise pollution in as many as 241 cities. Why not put your cell phone to work too?
Urban spaces are noisy places. Noise Tube is a citizen science project that endeavors to find out exactly how noisy by enlisting your cell phone as a sensor.
By downloading a simple (and free) Android app, you can report data back to a central server about the level of noise in your city. Currently, the project is receiving data from 241 cities, and the data is being mapped using Google Earth, another free download. A iOS version is apparently pending approval from the Apple app store.
Why is a study of noise pollution important? Collecting data helps researchers determine what effects ambient noise have on human population, an important consideration as the world’s population becomes increasingly urban. On-the-fly mapping can also help local decision-makers with urban planning issues. And if nothing else, if you’re looking for a place to do some quiet contemplation, this project will tell you locations to avoid.
Double-check your data plan details before signing on to this one, as it does require data transmission in real time. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12026 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 449
} |
Impact of technological changes on Scottish jobs.
A new publication sets out how digitisation, automation and other innovations will affect the Scottish labour market.
The joint report from the Scottish Government and the Scottish Trades Union Congress follows from the First Minister’s recent biannual meetings with the STUC, where discussions addressed the growing anxiety among some workers that their jobs may either be lost or changed due to new technologies.
It discusses competing claims about the future of work and assesses the extent that technology is already affecting the labour market, and identifies areas for further consideration.
“This report highlights the continuing positive and constructive relationship the Scottish Government enjoys with trade unions - in stark contrast to the confrontational approach of the UK Government.
“We share a common objective with the STUC - to ensure automation and digitisation have positive outcomes for all of Scotland’s people.
“Scottish workers are already benefitting from quality job opportunities in sectors such as game development and data analytics where we are at the forefront of technological change.
“Automation represents a major challenge to how work is organised, but it is still unclear how it will affect the quality and type of work in the long term. Predictions swing between utopian visions of emancipation through technology, to dystopian views of severe inequality.
“The STUC and Scottish Government report cuts through this debate to recognise both the positive and negative impacts of automation. It found examples where new technologies lead to job losses, such as the closure of bank branches due to increased internet banking; and examples where it can improve safety and security, like the digitised records in the health service. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12028 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 336
} |
During a conference in the Raleigh-Durham area of North Carolina, young and beginning producers focused on family living budgets and investing outside of the business, among other topics. In general, those producers with the ability to sacrifice on the personal side are part of the more successful and profitable businesses. This type of discipline is also often directly correlated with the pace of growth within the business.
From my work in family business consulting, I estimate that on average, approximately 30 percent of living expenses are commingled with the family business. One of the exercises for the young group in North Carolina was to name some of the personal expenses that are commonly labeled as a business expense. As in life, some of the answers were quite creative.
First, most participants named the obvious culprits like insurance, fuel, repairs, and utilities. Of course, over the years numerous four-legged business assets have become a holiday dinner as well. Yet, from my observations there are still more.
Whether it was for business or pleasure, family and personal vacations are frequently combined with business trips. And other areas like pet care, office items, supplies, and technology are occasionally slipped into business expenses. While the specific expense varies, this commingling fills up the miscellaneous category for many family businesses.
Next, when personal and business expenses are mixed up together, serious misconceptions can occur, particularly when young people on and off the farm compare salaries and benefits. When valued in total, the commingling of expenses and fringe benefits often makes farm life not so bad.
Finally, commingling can obviously be a burdensome drain on a business. In some cases, mom and dad, or grandfather and grandmother do not want to retire completely in order to retain these extra benefits and little freebies. The result is a common problem: too many living out of the business. Unsustainable draws create cash flow issues and stress, both financially and emotionally.
Regardless whether the expense is a perk or a bag of seed, all expenses are part of the cost of production and must be accounted for. One suggestion I made to the young and beginning producers was pay to take paychecks personally out of the business and live within those means. This money is both a business expense and family income, but is not commingled.
Next time, we will examine investing outside of the farm business. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12031 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 478
} |
Song Jin has developed a simple way to align nano-wires, allowing researchers to easily incorporate them into useful devices such as biosensors. Jin compresses nanowires afloat on water until they're oriented in the same direction. He then transfers the aligned nanowires to another surface, on which he deposits electrodes using conventional lithography (see "The Future of Nanoelectronics").
To illustrate his method, Jin created an array of nanowire-based transistors. Each cluster is a group of electrodes converging on a common electrode in the center. Hairlike nanowires bridge the gaps between the electrodes.
By outfitting the nanowires with molecules that bind to specific viruses or chemicals, researchers have demonstrated the value of his method for sensing applications: when a virus fastens onto a nanowire prepared this way, the wire's conductivity changes, just as applying a voltage changes the conductivity of a semiconductor in a transistor. Each nanowire is sensitive enough to register a lone virus particle. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12032 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 215
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Convinced as he was that madness was a source of creative fecundity, Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985) set out to look for art unfettered by cultural and/or social conditioning. In 1945 he began assembling a collection of "Art Brut," a term he himself invented and defined at the time. To his eye, such creation on the fringes of society represented "a totally pure and raw artistic operation entirely reinvented in all its phases through only its creator's own impulses." In 1964, he launched the publication of the Art Brut booklets: he himself composed the first eight editions of a series that continues to this day. He donated his collection to the City of Lausanne in 1971: at the time, it comprised 5000 works by 133 creators. The Collection de l'Art Brut opened to the public on February 26th, 1976. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12033 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 177
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Most national brand restaurants have a fundamental knowledge of safe food practices. They have well written and well articulated food handling procedures that guide even the most novice of food service workers. More often, when you read headlines speaking to yet another food related incident, procedures are written, BUT- they are not followed.
In July, 703 individuals fell ill after eating at a Chipotle in Powell, Ohio. The CDC confirmed after testing stool samples from infected customers that the Ohio outbreak was due to clostridium perfringens — a foodborne disease that occurs when food is left at unsafe temperatures. As a result of the outbreak, Chipotle Field Leadership is retraining restaurant employees nationwide on food safety and wellness protocols.
Chipotle has had other documented cases of food safety concerns as recently as late 2015 with over 40 locations being cited for e.coli. So how can a business fall prey to yet another foodborne outbreak?
Not the sole culprit, but certainly a great place to look is at the most vital aspect of the food safety equation, humans. Even the best written, and simplest instructions can be ignored or side stepped by humans.
AZ Central reports fast food industry turnover is at an all time high of 150%; that’s comparable to hiring and retraining a full staff every 9 months. With a transient workforce, its difficult to ensure that every employee knows all the target areas to watch out for and to have an “eye” for potential breaks in food safety chain.
Businesses are looking to move towards automation to remove the human variable and to ensure consistency during cooking and cleaning processes. Automatic meat dispensers for grills and automated cooktops all with intent to make sure meat is held at acceptable temperatures and cooked to safe levels before it gets handed to the public. Hydra Rinse has automated the cleaning and sanitizing process for ice cream machines. The automated process ensures that your equipment is cleaned consistently every time while maintaining product flavor and quality.
The labor force will not be replaced by robots and automation. Supervisors and employees alike must be held to the highest standards to ensure food safety requirements are met consistently every day. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12036 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 434
} |
According to the DSM-5, reactive attachment disorder can be diagnosed in children who are at least 9 months old and have been experiencing symptoms before the age of 5.
The disorder is characterized by a consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers. For example, the child rarely seeks comfort when distressed and rarely responds to comfort when distressed. A child with reactive attachment disorder displays a persistent social or emotional disturbance that can result in minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others, limited positive affect, or episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness inappropriate to the situation at hand.
Reactive attachment disorder is believed to be caused by a pattern of insufficient care. The child may have experienced social neglect or deprivation by caregivers, repeated changes of primary caregivers that limited opportunities to form stable attachments (frequent changes in foster care), or was raised in an unusual setting that severely limited opportunities to form selective attachments (institutions with high child to caregiver ratios). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12038 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 194
} |
Q: What do you think of chiropractic care for babies? I’ve heard it can cure colic and help with many other infant problems.
A: There are a variety of opinions regarding the effectiveness of chiropractic care for infants.
I believe if the purpose of the care is mainly to help with soothing, muscle relaxation and using muscle groups differently, then chiropractic care can be safe and helpful.
As a pediatrician in practice for a number of years, I’ve found it can be challenging to see how spinal manipulation will give the promised results, especially with conditions such as acid reflux, ear infections, sleep problems or troubles with breastfeeding.
On the other hand, some parents claim that a series of visits to a chiropractor can be life-changing, producing infants who appear to be much happier after their treatments.
Others warn that there are risks associated with such treatments and little research to back up claims.
Many chiropractors are now specializing in infant care. As with any type of care for your infant, do your homework ahead of time and find out what your child’s clinicians recommend for treatment options.
Then, if — despite treatment — your child doesn’t seem to be improving or is getting worse, talk to your clinicians right away to see if you should consider another diagnosis or a different treatment. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12045 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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Oncoceutics announced today the publication of an article entitled "First clinical experience with DRD2/3 antagonist ONC201 in H3 K27M–mutant pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a case report” in the Journal of Neurosurgery (authored by Matthew D. Hall, M.D., MBA). The article summarizes the medical history of a 10-year-old girl with a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) brain tumor. Following radiation therapy and treatment with ONC201 on a compassionate use basis, she developed near complete resolution of her presenting neurological symptoms for almost one year, enabling her return to school and participation in many normal activities.
DIPG is a serious and rare disease with a dismal prognosis and no viable treatment options. It predominantly affects children and young adults, and it is the most common form of brainstem glioma in this age group. DIPG.org, a resource network for the disease, summarizes the disease characteristics as follows: "Currently, outcomes for most patients are poor, with a median survival of less than 1 year from diagnosis. Radiation therapy can shrink tumors, temporarily improving some symptoms and delaying the progression of the disease, but in almost all cases, the tumor continues to grow. So far, clinical trials have not shown that currently available chemotherapy drugs, radiosensitizing drugs (drugs that make tumor cells more likely to be killed by radiation therapy), or biologics (medical products created by biological processes, such as vaccines or gene therapy) benefit patients. Because of their location in the brainstem, DIPGs cannot be removed surgically. New approaches to treating DIPG are urgently needed."
The patient described in the article has shown prolonged clinical benefits and is approaching almost two years from diagnosis, although ONC201 was administered only when symptoms progressed after radiation was completed. This supports further investigation of ONC201 in H3 K27M-mutant gliomas, including DIPG. As a result, Oncoceutics has significantly expanded its pediatric clinical program for ONC201. The company's ongoing pediatric trial for ONC201 in H3 K27M-mutant high-grade gliomas including DIPG (NCT03416530) was extended with additional treatment arms, a pediatric oral solution formulation was introduced, and ONC201 treatment was extended to newly diagnosed DIPG patients with concomitant radiation. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12046 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 501
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" Starting with 150 grit sand paper, then 220, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and finally 1200. This way the eggs become extremely smooth and the 1200 grit makes them shine. I use the same sand paper as I use for polishing my soap stone sculptures. It takes some time to sand an egg, but it's so much easier to draw straight lines on such a smooth surface."
Pieter recommends sanding the eggs outdoors being careful not to inhale the fine dust, which may cause serious lung problems. He normally places a wet towel on his lap while sanding the eggs out of doors. The wet towel catches a lot of the dust. He advises making the sand paper wet, which can make the sanding process a bit harder. Finally, after polishing with the 1200 grit paper, a water and vinegar bath removes any residue.
The Art of Sorbian Eggs have been kept alive by a tiny Slavic minority in Germany, a long and intricate tradition of hand-painting Easter eggs with the help of feathers and wax.
Pieter learned his craft from the Master Sorbian artist Bärbel Lange, from the little village called Lübbenau, in the east of Germany. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12048 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 251
} |
The simpsons stopper (Myrcinathes fragrans) planted at the southwest corner of the Audubon House is flowering copiously. Its fragrant, multi-stamened flowers attract a plethora of pollinators.
Upon it was a metallic blue-green fly, likely a hairy maggot blowfly (Chrysomya rufifacies), according to Roxanne Connelly, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory (FMEL). A forensic study (think dead & decayed road-killed coyote) conducted by Dr. Connelly at FMEL revealed that this insect is the most common decomposer fly in the area. Once her paper is published, you can read all about it.
In the upper left corner of this photo you can see flowers on their way to becoming juicy, red fruits beloved by birds and other fruit-eating critters.
Yes, ‘pretty’ pollinators like butterflies & bees, also visit simpsons stopper, but this plant does seem to be especially attractive to flies, including the not-so-beloved love bugs (Plecia nearctica). Ruth and Bob Inhoff (Class of 2013) report that their simpsons stoppers are ‘mobbed’ by love bugs. The simpsons stoppers at the Indian River Mosquito Control District office, recommended as landscape plants by Jim Haeger years & years ago and pictured below, flourish and do attract bevies of love bugs.
Dr. Ronald Cherry at the Everglades Research and Education Center, found that yellow and white are the colors most attractive to love bugs and that they are drawn to a floral compound called phenylacetaldehyde, which, I would guess, is present in the flowers of simpsons stoppers. Click here to learn more about his love bug trap trials. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12050 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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This book contains three 11+ Verbal Reasoning tests with each paper containing 100 questions. It gives practice in the more difficult Verbal Reasoning questions found in many 11+ exams. This questions are in standard "write in the answer" format and are a useful aid in preparing children for their 11+ exams. They offer practice questions similar to those that have been used by state grammar schools in many areas such as Kent, London, Bucks or by the SW Herts consortium.
You can also use theses tests to help prepare children for independent and private school selection tests or for common entrance examinations in many areas of the country.
Verbal Reasoning involves the child thinking about words and text and solving problems, sequences, codes etc. (The questions are mostly language based though some questions may be number based.) It requires the child to have a good grasp of English grammar and a wide vocabulary.
Most schools and Local Authorities administer at least one Verbal Reasoning test. These tests may vary depending on the Local Education Authority or school.
Working through these tests will provide children with an experience of formal testing while at the same time helping them to become more at ease with challenging Verbal Reasoning questions. Practicing these tests will increase the ability of a child to tackle the actual 11+ exams.
A time of 50-60 minutes is recommended for each test allowing preparation for the actual eleven plus exam. A child practicing these tests in the security of their home environment will be at a distinct advantage when sitting the actual 11+ exams.
The introductory advice contained in this Verbal Reasoning book encourages the involvement of parents to explain the answers to the child. Parental support is crucial to a child’s success in their schoolwork. Preparing for the 11+ exams is no different.
• Children can practice a variety of 11+ exam VR questions. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12052 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 379
} |
The village of Lamalera on the island of Lembata in Flores has long been known as a site of traditional whale hunting, though in recent years it has gained notoriety for its practices. Traditionally, villagers would hunt large sea species, including whales, manta rays and sometimes dolphins to provide food and a living for the entire village. The hunts were conducted using simple sailboats, with fishermen following ancient beliefs, taboos and traditions. Within their cultural practices an innate understanding of fishing for subsistence regulated the number of animals captured, and taboos included prohibitions on hunting pregnant, mating, or young whales.
Under the International Whaling Commission (IWC) the village is exempt from a whaling ban, as their practices are supposedly conducted in a traditional manner for subsistence. In reality, what is happening today is far from “tradition.” With a hunting season extending from May to the end of October, motorized boats are now commonly used to catch dolphins and other toothed whales, sea turtles, sharks and manta rays in larger numbers, and some information suggests that there may be a commercial aspect to the hunting.
The village has long resisted outside interference, even from governmental officials. However, recent visits by our field team have generated new dialogue, as conservation education and ecotourism initiatives are being proposed in order to assist the village with a sustainable economic alternatives to dolphin and whale hunting. Dolphin Project remains committed to supporting positive change in Lamalera through education and awareness. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12053 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 304
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South Africa’s transformation to democracy in 1994 was applauded worldwide and for a time it served as a role model for other nations in flux. However, as the years have gone by and the realities of the challenges of a changing nation have set in, South Africa has fallen from its state of grace. The country’s failure to live up to the ideal of a ‘rainbow nation’ has been blamed on phenomena such as corruption, crime and ineffective leadership.
In this photographic essay I focus on subjects that lack any particular point of interest or by choosing the un-decisive moment within scenes, the viewer’s attempt to find clarity within the image, is thwarted. The images purposefully imitate and, at the same time, negate the fallacies inherent in the promotional tourist publications of the 60s and 70s. These showcased the best of Sunny South Africa, with its clean beaches, abundant wildlife and a culture that had more in common with Europe than Africa.
The lack of narrative within and between the images in this photographic essay is intended as a reflection of both the country’s external decay, as well as the internal, emotional turmoil and fragmentation that living in an uncertain society evokes.
The scenes photographed are commonplace, but are framed in a manner that lacks both finesse and logical thought. This approach mirrors the rudderless course that the country has followed and the oft lack of forethought and seeming logic applied to facing the challenges of the future.
The title of the essay is drawn from a poem written by C. J. Langenhoven. The poem, Die Stem van Suid-Afrika (The Call of South Africa) was the national anthem of South Africa during the apartheid era and has, since 1994, shared national anthem status with Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika, a traditional hymn used by the African National Congress (ANC). The continued use of this poem with its promise of ‘the golden warmth of summer’, suggests a counterpoint to the reality of apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12054 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 427
} |
Why Were Infantry and Marines Both Used in the Pacific Theater?
I am confused by the tactics used in the Pacific theater. Why were there two forces, one being infantry and the other being Marines?
The reason the Marines did not win World War II in the Pacific by themselves is (1.) there were not enough of them and (2.) their tactics were not always right for the objective. Although Marine battalions had fought on the Western Front during World War I as an attached component of the U.S. Army’s 2nd Division, that was the exception that proves the rule. The Marines evolved from “sea soldiers” firing from the topgallants and providing boarding parties to shock troops trained to strike at objectives of limited size—a rapier to the Army’s broadsword. In World War II, that usually meant small islands such as the many the stormed throughout the Central Pacific. But New Guinea was a joint operation for the U.S. and Australian armies, not the Marines, and the Philippines was also primarily an Army affair. On Guadalcanal the Marines’ primary objective was to seize the airfield, not expecting it to be followed by a grueling six-month campaign, for the second half of which the Americal Division stepped in to take over from the exhausted 1st Marine Division. Saipan, Peleliu and Okinawa were other examples of relatively large islands on which Marines and Army fought side by side, if not always harmoniously. The Northern Pacific was entirely handled by the U.S. and Canadian armies.
As of November 30, 1941, the Marine Corps had multiplied its numbers to 65,881, of which 29,532 were in the Fleet Marine Force—a massive expansion, but hardly enough to deal with the Japanese onslaught to come. What they accomplished speaks for itself, but less spoken of is the fact that, in spite of the higher priorities that Franklin Roosevelt placed on the European Theater, 37 percent of Army personnel were involved in or contributing to operations throughout the Pacific, in Burma and in China. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12055 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 425
} |
Farmers, miners and representatives from the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the Division Resources and Energy are amongst a group of 21 people who visited sites in the Upper Hunter that will soon be part of a grazing study on rehabilitated mining land.
“The Grazing Study is a key project being undertaken through the Upper Hunter Mining Dialogue, which brings together local community and business groups, government, and local miners to address challenges relating mining in the Upper Hunter,” NSW Minerals Council CEO Stephen Galilee said today.
The Grazing Study will begin in June 2014 and over the next four years will investigate whether rehabilitated mine land can sustainably support productive cattle grazing in the Upper Hunter.
Cattle will graze on rehabilitated mine land and on un-mined sites (analogue sites) that have been chosen because they are representative of the area. Over the period of the study, the rehabilitated mine land and un-mined sites will be compared on factors including animal health, soil and pasture composition and economic outcomes.
Local farmers inspecting the sites have shown interest in the variety of grasses grown on the rehabilitated mine sites, including a number of tropical grasses not routinely used in the Upper Hunter. They have said they will follow with interest how these grasses perform and how they compare against the natural pasture on analogue sites.
“The Grazing Study is a great example of how local miners are collaborating with their neighbours in the Upper Hunter to collectively minimise the impacts of mining,” Mr Galilee said.
The Study has been designed by the Department of Primary Industries in collaboration with the Upper Hunter Mining Dialogue Joint Working Group - Land Management, including representatives from agricultural groups, local farmers, environmental groups, state and local government and the mining industry. The study will be overseen by a Grazing Study Advisory Panel, which includes local farmers, Leonie Ball from Singleton Beef and Land Management Association and Wendy Bowman from MineWatch NSW.
The study sites are at Coal & Allied’s Hunter Valley Operations (analogue is the nearby Wandewoi property) and BHP Billiton Mt Arthur Coal (analogue in the adjoining Edderton property). Cattle on both sites will be supplied and managed by the farmers who are leasing the study sites from Mt Arthur Coal and Coal & Allied. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12056 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 475
} |
Abstract. Major revolutions in energy capture have occurred in both Earth and human history, with each transition resulting in higher energy input, altered material cycles and major consequences for the internal organization of the respective systems. In Earth history, we identify the origin of anoxygenic photosynthesis, the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis, and land colonization by eukaryotic photosynthesizers as step changes in free energy input to the biosphere. In human history we focus on the Palaeolithic use of fire, the Neolithic revolution to farming, and the Industrial revolution as step changes in free energy input to human societies. In each case we try to quantify the resulting increase in energy input, and discuss the consequences for material cycling and for biological and social organization. For most of human history, energy use by humans was but a tiny fraction of the overall energy input to the biosphere, as would be expected for any heterotrophic species. However, the industrial revolution gave humans the capacity to push energy inputs towards planetary scales and by the end of the 20th century human energy use had reached a magnitude comparable to the biosphere. By distinguishing world regions and income brackets we show the unequal distribution in energy and material use among contemporary humans. Looking ahead, a prospective sustainability revolution will require scaling up new renewable and decarbonized energy technologies and the development of much more efficient material recycling systems – thus creating a more autotrophic social metabolism. Such a transition must also anticipate a level of social organization that can implement the changes in energy input and material cycling without losing the large achievements in standard of living and individual liberation associated with industrial societies. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12057 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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With Breast Cancer Awareness Month here, Dr. Drew Tortoriello answered some questions regarding fertility rescue options for cancer patients.
How well does fertility rescue work?
Live-birth statistics with this method are promising. The once large disparity between the success of embryo and egg freezing has narrowed, and they are similar in their outcomes. For every chromosomally normal egg we freeze, the chance of the woman later having a baby with this egg is over 35 percent.
How long will you keep frozen eggs?
We hold on to them until you’re ready to use them – and there is no charge for cancer patients.
Why do you do that for cancer patients?
It’s just the right thing to do! A lot of women are looking for the string, but for us there is no strings attached.
If you have cancer when should you have your eggs frozen?
It is something women should strongly consider, as post-treatment for cancer, some women many not have the option to have children.
How soon after diagnosis should women freeze their eggs?
For many women there is a race against time, as their oncologists want to begin treatment as soon as possible. As soon as you’re diagnosed, we urge you to contact us immediately.
Do you need to postpone cancer treatment for fertility rescue?
While it is important to get your cancer treated as soon as possible, there’s no reason for oncologists, or patients, not to think of both treatment and fertility rescue.
Can patients be too young to egg freezing?
If you’re facing cancer treatment, then age obviously has no factor in your decision. In that situation, fertility rescue gives you options later in life that you should give yourself the option to explore when you’re ready.
Are frozen eggs guaranteed to work later after treatment?
There are no guarantees; however we do everything possible to present your options up front with techniques such as genetic testing (CGH) and to preserve your eggs with fast freezing (vitrification).
How does fast freezing help?
The big barrier to egg-freezing technology was the poor survival rate upon thawing the egg. Vitrification allows 98 percent of the eggs we thaw to survive. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12059 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 464
} |
Can HIV be contracted to consumption of breast secretion?
Will the breasts stop secreting milk after stopping breast feeding?
Will Lisinopril be secreted into the breast milk?
If im breastfeedinf and taking lisinopril how muxh of the medicine is actually absorbed into the the milk?
What causes tickling feeling in breasts during breast feeding period?
What could oily secretion below breast indicate?
Why it is itching on the left breast?
Effexor does not cause breast discharge However it is secreted in breast milk.
Yes man breast can lactate if there is excessive porlactin secretion in male. Condition is called gynecomastia. it may be hormonal or drug induced. take care.
Some antibiotics are secreted in breast milk. It is not safe to take antibiotics without doctor's advice when breast feeding. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12062 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 180
} |
What makes a great teacher great? Who are the professors students remember long after graduation? This book, the conclusion of a fifteen-year study of nearly one hundred college teachers in a wide variety of fields and universities, offers valuable answers for all educators.
The short answer is–it’s not what teachers do, it’s what they understand. Lesson plans and lecture notes matter less than the special way teachers comprehend the subject and value human learning. Whether historians or physicists, in El Paso or St. Paul, the best teachers know their subjects inside and out–but they also know how to engage and challenge students and to provoke impassioned responses. Most of all, they believe two things fervently: that teaching matters and that students can learn.
In stories both humorous and touching, Bain describes examples of ingenuity and compassion, of students’ discoveries of new ideas and the depth of their own potential. What the Best College Teachers Do is a treasure trove of insight and inspiration for first-year teachers and seasoned educators. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12064 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 210
} |
The Virile Crayfish Orconectes virilis is native to Canada however it is widely dispersed throughout North America. The species is present in the River Lee catchment in London. Whilst the Virile crayfish is not as aggressive as its North American counterparts the Signal crayfish and the Red Swamp crayfish, it is a potential vector of ‘crayfish plague’ and therefore poses a significant threat to the native White-clawed crayfish population.
Little is known about how the non-native Virile crayfish will impact the River Lee region, and states that further monitoring and studies will have to be conducted on how the species interacts with the local environment.
The Virile crayfish is red/brown in colour often with blue claws. The species also has black paired black markings on its abdomen. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12068 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 174
} |
"Materials and Resources are learning progressions, units, lesson plans, and content resources that are aligned to standards in the curriculum framework." Definition derived from the PA Department of Education's website.
EvalTools® does not provide materials and resources for your teaching needs. EvalTools® helps you organize and save all the materials and resources that you have developed or collected throughout the years and provides easy interfaces to enable you to share them with others.
Your learning materials can be captured by either the Lessons or the Assignment module depending on how you want students to access them. Lessons keeps lesson plans, units, and content resources. Assignments tracks homework, case studies, written assignments, quizzes, etc. including those key assignments you wish to map to course outcomes or student outcomes.
By design, the teacher is the course administrator for any given course. If you wish to share your course material with others or to allow another teacher to co-own the course material, you could use Add a course user to add that person.
again for the current term. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12069 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 214
} |
What you need to know about seniors and pain | Turenne PharMedCo, Inc.
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), pain affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease and cancer combined. Pain is cited as the most common reason Americans access the health care system. It is a leading cause of disability and it is a major contributor to health care costs. For older people, pain can be devastating to their quality of life. It can prevent their mobility, disrupt sleeping and impact their eating habits. It can also lead to depression, anxiety and social isolation. However, among seniors, pain is often under reported or dismissed as a natural part of aging.
Pain, especially chronic pain, should not be ignored as simply a part of getting older. Whether minor or intense, pain is the physical sign that something is not right in the body. Untreated persistent pain can only worsen over time and possibly lead to more serious conditions. Cognitive or communication issues among older people can also contribute to the presence of pain not being reported. To help older residents maintain their quality of life, care providers in the long-term health care environment should be vigilant about recognizing the signs of pain in the elderly.
Acetaminophen may help all types of pain, especially mild to moderate pain. Acetaminophen is found in over-the-counter and prescription medicines. People who have liver disease should not take acetaminophen.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen. Long-term use of some NSAIDs can cause side effects, like internal bleeding or kidney problems, which make them unsafe for many older adults.
Narcotics (also called opioids) are used for moderate to severe pain and require a doctor's prescription. They may be habit-forming. They can also be dangerous when taken with alcohol or certain other drugs. Examples of narcotics are codeine, morphine, and oxycodone. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12070 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 401
} |
This page provides an outline of the financial costs you may incur on the graduate route to entry.
Universities and colleges can charge up to £9,000 a year for courses, although you will not need to pay these fees upfront if you are from England and studying for your first degree or other higher education qualification.
Fees can vary depending on personal circumstances. Exactly what you are charged depends on the university you are attending, the course and where in the UK you are studying. You should check the prospectus of your university for exact fees and how much they are likely to rise over the length of your course.
There are no regulations stating how much universities can charge in tuition fees for most part-time courses. You will need to check this with your university.
Rent costs can vary hugely and will depend very much on where you decide to study.
There will be many more costs such as clothes, laundry and phone calls.
If your first degree is not a qualifying law degree you will have to complete a conversion course, the Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL), to go on to the further stages of legal training. This can be taken over one year full-time or two years part-time.
The fees for the GDL varies between £7,000-£10,000 depending on the type of course you choose and where you decide to study.
After obtaining a qualifying law degree or taking a conversion course, students must pass the Legal Practice Course (LPC). This is taken on a full-time basis over a period of one year or part-time over two years. This flexibility enables students to work whilst they are taking the course.
Full-time fees for the Legal Practice Course range from £8,500 to upwards of £15,000, depending on the type of course you choose and where you decide to study. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12072 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 382
} |
Development of a large maritime reconnaissance and bombing flying-boat was initiated by the Beriev design bureau in 1943, and the Beriev LL-143 prototype flew for the first time on 6 September 1945. An all-metal high-wing monoplane, it was powered by two 1492kW Shvetsov ASh-72 radial engines. Armament comprised twin NS-23 23mm cannon in a tail turret (behind the twin fins and rudders) and similar provision in a remotely controlled dorsal barbette. A single NS-23 cannon was installed in the bow turret.
The LL-143 was developed into the Beriev Be-6 production aircraft, the first example of which was flown by M. I. Tsepilov in 1949. It differed from the prototype by having more sophisticated equipment, which included a retractable radome aft of the second step, and a redesigned nose without cannon armament. At a later stage the tail gun position was replaced by MAD (magnetic anomaly detection) equipment. The Be-6, to which NATO allocated the code-name 'Madge', carried a heavy offensive load comprising various combinations of mines, depth charges or torpedoes on underwing pylons outboard of the engines.
Be-6s operated patrol, maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine duties until the early 1970s, and a few remained in service on transport or fishery patrol duties into the late 1970s. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12073 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 293
} |
Across the country, there are millions of people that consume several cups of coffee a day. How much coffee is too much coffee? This is a question that arises all the time in health circles. However, there is much more to this question than you might first imagine. For example, it is not the amount of coffee consumed, but the additional products that are added to the cup of coffee that you should be more concerned about. Generally, people drink coffee with donuts, slice of cake, or a bagel. In addition, many add sugar, cream, heavy whipped cream, and a combination of other ingredients that are not exactly healthy.
Most coffee lovers are not able to start their day without a cup of coffee. A cup or several cups of black coffee is not the issue. The fact is that people add unhealthy ingredients to their coffee. Instead, consider substituting a healthier product. For example, instead of heavy cream in your coffee, add low fat milk. Instead of adding a calorie laden designer flavor to the coffee, add a teaspoon of sugar. This one simple step saves calories and you are able to receive the health benefits that are associated with drinking coffee. For example, it’s thought coffee is good for the heart and diabetes. Here is an idea. The next time that you pour yourself a cup of coffee, keep it simple. Drink a cup ob black coffee with just a teaspoon of sugar. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12076 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 288
} |
The state of Hawaii derives its name from the name of its largest island, Hawai'i. A common Hawaiian explanation of the name of Hawai'i is that was named for Hawai'iloa, a legendary figure from Hawaiian myth. He is said to have discovered the islands when they were first settled. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12078 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 61
} |
Today i would like to share with you a cover that I received from the United States recently. What is interesting about this cover is that 4 of the stamps used were issued at least 60 years ago! I was amazed and curious to find out why the sender chose to use vintage stamps on mails rather then keeping them. I did some research and here are my findings.
It began in the 1860s and 1870s where children and teenagers were the early collectors of stamps. And many adults dismissed it as a childish pursuit.
It was not until the 1920s that publicity about valuable stamps encouraged a large increase in the number of stamp collectors. This rapid increase in postage stamps values was largely because very few of the older stamps were being saved in good condition. Especially difficult to find were pairs, triples, and large blocks of older stamps.
Because many U.S. stamp issues of the 1920s rose rapidly in value, during the 1930s many American collectors stockpiled mint U.S. stamps with the hopes of selling them for a sizeable profit in a few years’ time. This was never materialized.
This is the Franklin D. Roosevelt Series, issued in 1945 to honor the 32nd President of the United States.
A single issue to commemorate the 300th Anniversary of volunteer firemen in 1948. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/12080 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 267
} |
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