Multiple setback buffers from California's operational wells (Active/Idle/New) updated 8/24/20.

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES: 
8,202 feet (or 2.5 kilometers): The distance from oil/gas wells within which reproductive consequences, like low birth weight, begin to present themselves, according to a 2017 STAND LA lit review.  
 
6 miles (or around 31,000 feet): The distance within which mothers are 8 to 14 per cent more likely to experience spontaneous preterm births, in which a pregnancy ends before 37 weeks of gestation (and would otherwise be unexplained), according to a 2020 Stanford study. 
 
885 feet: The distance from oil/gas wells at which one 2014 study found that high levels of benzene start to present themselves. Chronic exposure to benzene increases risk of leukemia, birth defects, and respiratory issues like pulmonary edema, acute granular tracheitis, laryngitis, and bronchitis, the study notes.
 
2,591 feet: The distance from oil/gas wells at which one 2014 study found that high levels of formaldehyde start to present themselves. A known carcinogen, formaldehyde “can affect nearly every tissue in the human body, leading to acute (dermal allergies, asthma) and chronic (neuro-, reproductive, hematopoietic, genetic and pulmonary toxicity and cellular damage) health effects,” the study’s authors note.
 
500 feet: The distance from oil/gas wells at which 74 per cent of Pennsylvania-based participants in a 2013 study experienced throat irritation and 70 per cent experienced sinus problems. These percentages decrease the farther from wells each cohort of participants resided: Between 501-1500 feet, 63 per cent experienced throat irritation and 53 experienced sinus problems, and between 1501-4000 feet, 27 per cent experienced throat irritation and 37 per cent experienced sinus problems. 
 
1,500 feet: The distance from oil/gas wells at which severe headaches began to present themselves for 60 percent of  Pennsylvania-based participants in a 2013 study. This rate went down to 30 per cent among those living between 1,501 and 4,000 feet from oil/gas activity. 
 
3,280 feet (or 1 kilometer): The distance from natural gas wells at which Pennsylvania residents surveyed in one 2015 study were 13 per cent more likely than residents at farther distances to experience skin conditions like rashes, dermatitis, irritation, burning, and hair loss. Residents within a one kilometer radius of natural gas wells were also 39 per cent more likely than those living at farther distances to experience upper respiratory conditions, like allergies and sinus problems, cough/sore throat, itchy eyes, nose bleeds, and stuffy noses.
 
1,968 feet (or 600 meters): The distance at which one 2017 study found that natural gas compressor stations cause noise pollution beyond what is safe, according to the EPA’s recommended limit of dBA. Auditory interruptions can lead to major non-auditory consequences, including sleep deprivation, annoyance, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diminished cognitive performance in school children, a 2017 STAND LA literature review notes. 
 
1,500 feet: The radius within which over 100,000 LA residents (100,743, to be precise) would have to evacuate, should an urban oil/gas well experience a blowout according to a STAND LA analysis 
 
64 per cent: The proportion of residents living within one mile of an oil or gas well in California, facing the worst of these environmental health threats, who are Hispanic/Latinx, according to the NRDC. Currently, 2.1-million Californians live within a mile of an oil or gas well
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