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What congenital abnormality can cause unilateral hydrocephalus in the perinatal period? | Atresia of the foramen of Monro | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 2666938 | Perinatal unilateral hydrocephalus. Atresia of the foramen of Monro. | <question>What congenital abnormality can cause unilateral hydrocephalus in the perinatal period?</question>
<answer>Atresia of the foramen of Monro</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"Atresia of the foramen of Monro",
"foramen of Monro atresia",
"Monro foramen atresia",
"occlusion of the foramen of Monro",
"stenosis of the foramen of Monro",
"foramen of Monro stenosis",
"Monro foramen occlusion",
"congenital atresia of the foramen of Monro"
]
|
Which neuropeptide has been shown to reduce both somatic and anxiety-like symptoms during alcohol withdrawal in rats? | Nociceptin/orphanin FQ | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 21223310 | Activation of brain NOP receptors attenuates acute and protracted alcohol withdrawal symptoms in the rat. | <question>Which neuropeptide has been shown to reduce both somatic and anxiety-like symptoms during alcohol withdrawal in rats?</question>
<answer>Nociceptin/orphanin FQ</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Nociceptin/orphanin FQ",
"Nociceptin",
"Orphanin FQ",
"N/OFQ",
"Prepronociceptin-derived peptide"
]
|
Which class of antibody is detected at high incidence in the earliest serum samples after vasectomy? | IgM | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 7884742 | Temporal recognition of sperm autoantigens by IgM and IgG autoantibodies after vasectomy and vasovasostomy. | <question>Which class of antibody is detected at high incidence in the earliest serum samples after vasectomy?</question>
<answer>IgM</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"IgM",
"Immunoglobulin M",
"Ig M"
]
|
Which major blood vessel can be obstructed as a complication of Behçet's disease with intrathoracic involvement? | superior vena cava | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 3832196 | [Intrathoracic localization of Beh?et's disease]. | <question>Which major blood vessel can be obstructed as a complication of Behçet's disease with intrathoracic involvement?</question>
<answer>superior vena cava</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"superior vena cava",
"SVC"
]
|
What pH value corresponds to the near-zero zeta potential of kaolinite particles during coagulation? | 9 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 20005629 | A comparative study of electrocoagulation and coagulation of aqueous suspensions of kaolinite powders. | <question>What pH value corresponds to the near-zero zeta potential of kaolinite particles during coagulation?</question>
<answer>9</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"9",
"nine",
"pH 9"
]
|
Which micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a reduction in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia? | calcium | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 32075071 | Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal, Birth, Child Health and Development Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | <question>Which micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a reduction in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia?</question>
<answer>calcium</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"calcium",
"Ca",
"calcium supplementation"
]
|
Which gene is associated with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) in the Andean population? | VEGFA | 1 | Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations | 24971768 | Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is associated with chronic mountain sickness in the Andean population. | <question>Which gene is associated with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) in the Andean population?</question>
<answer>VEGFA</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat> | [
"VEGFA",
"vascular endothelial growth factor A",
"VEGF-A",
"VEGF A"
]
|
What organism's mitochondria were used in spin-label studies to investigate membrane fluidity? | Neurospora | 9 | Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation | 4317823 | Spin-labeled Neurospora mitochondria. | <question>What organism's mitochondria were used in spin-label studies to investigate membrane fluidity?</question>
<answer>Neurospora</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat> | [
"Neurospora",
"Neurospora crassa"
]
|
What questionnaire is commonly used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in hemodialysis patients? | SF-36 | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 17160962 | Influence of co-morbidity on health-related quality of life in patients treated with hemodialysis. | <question>What questionnaire is commonly used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in hemodialysis patients?</question>
<answer>SF-36</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"SF-36",
"Short Form-36",
"Short Form 36",
"SF36",
"36-Item Short Form Survey",
"36-Item Short Form Health Survey",
"SF 36"
]
|
Which angiogenic factor's expression was found to correlate inversely with prognosis in gastric cancer? | VEGF-C | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 17966762 | [Angiogenic factors and their relation to stage, lymph-node micrometastases and prognosis in patients operated on for gastric cancer]. | <question>Which angiogenic factor's expression was found to correlate inversely with prognosis in gastric cancer?</question>
<answer>VEGF-C</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"VEGF-C",
"vascular endothelial growth factor C",
"VEGFC"
]
|
What oxygen concentration is considered hypoxic for culturing human embryonic stem cells? | 2% | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 20533883 | Hypoxic culture maintains self-renewal and enhances embryoid body formation of human embryonic stem cells. | <question>What oxygen concentration is considered hypoxic for culturing human embryonic stem cells?</question>
<answer>2%</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"2%",
"2 percent",
"two percent",
"hypoxic oxygen concentration",
"low oxygen",
"2% O2"
]
|
What is the most common histological type of cervical cancer? | Squamous cell carcinoma | 1 | Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations | 7328689 | High dose remote afterloading radiotherapy for cervix carcinoma in Tanzania: early results. | <question>What is the most common histological type of cervical cancer?</question>
<answer>Squamous cell carcinoma</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat> | [
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"SCC",
"squamous carcinoma",
"squamous cell cancer"
]
|
What is the most common immunocytochemical marker expressed by the sarcomatoid component in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC)? | cytokeratin | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 8458282 | Fine-needle aspiration cytology of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: a morphologic and immunocytochemical study of 15 cases. | <question>What is the most common immunocytochemical marker expressed by the sarcomatoid component in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC)?</question>
<answer>cytokeratin</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"cytokeratin",
"keratin",
"CK",
"cyto-keratin"
]
|
What does the abbreviation "MDT" stand for in the context of leprosy treatment? | multidrug therapy | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 2220295 | [Late reversal reactions in leprosy]. | <question>What does the abbreviation "MDT" stand for in the context of leprosy treatment?</question>
<answer>multidrug therapy</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"multidrug therapy",
"MDT",
"multi-drug therapy"
]
|
What is the sensitivity of the logistic regression model used to classify remission status in patients with major depressive episode following antidepressant treatment? | 0.77 | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 23623741 | Association between symptomatic profile and remission following antidepressant treatment in unipolar major depression. | <question>What is the sensitivity of the logistic regression model used to classify remission status in patients with major depressive episode following antidepressant treatment?</question>
<answer>0.77</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"0.77",
"77%",
"77 percent",
"sensitivity of 0.77"
]
|
What is the most common primary tumor to metastasize to the orbit in adult women? | breast cancer | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 18293631 | [Breast cancer with metastases to orbits. Case report]. | <question>What is the most common primary tumor to metastasize to the orbit in adult women?</question>
<answer>breast cancer</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"breast cancer",
"breast carcinoma",
"mammary carcinoma",
"mammary cancer",
"carcinoma of the breast"
]
|
What is the primary limitation identified in linking veterinary public health educational interventions to population health outcomes? | lack of long-term outcome evaluation | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 22023926 | Education of veterinary medical and other public health providers: linking interventions with health outcomes. | <question>What is the primary limitation identified in linking veterinary public health educational interventions to population health outcomes?</question>
<answer>lack of long-term outcome evaluation</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"lack of long-term outcome evaluation",
"absence of long-term outcome evaluation",
"insufficient long-term outcome evaluation",
"lack of longitudinal outcome evaluation",
"lack of long-term assessment",
"lack of long-term impact evaluation",
"lack of long-term follow-up evaluation"
]
|
What surgical procedure, combined with esophagogastric devascularization, is used to reduce portal pressure in patients with schistosomal portal hypertension? | splenectomy | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 15029280 | Portal hyperflow in patients with hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis. | <question>What surgical procedure, combined with esophagogastric devascularization, is used to reduce portal pressure in patients with schistosomal portal hypertension?</question>
<answer>splenectomy</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"splenectomy",
"splenectomia",
"removal of spleen",
"surgical removal of spleen"
]
|
What is the producing organism of the peptaibol antibiotic paracelsin? | Trichoderma reesei | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 6500005 | Paracelsin; characterization by NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism, and hemolytic properties of a peptaibol antibiotic from the cellulolytically active mold Trichoderma reesei. Part B. | <question>What is the producing organism of the peptaibol antibiotic paracelsin?</question>
<answer>Trichoderma reesei</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"Trichoderma reesei",
"Hypocrea jecorina",
"T. reesei",
"Hypocrea reesei"
]
|
What enzyme is inhibited by 3-aminobenzamide in HeLa cells? | poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 6408468 | Independent induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by 3-aminobenzamide and ultraviolet radiation in HeLa cells. | <question>What enzyme is inhibited by 3-aminobenzamide in HeLa cells?</question>
<answer>poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase",
"PARP",
"PARP1",
"ADPRT",
"poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase",
"poly(ADPR) polymerase",
"poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase"
]
|
What insecticide is autodisseminated by Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes to inhibit the emergence of their offspring? | Pyriproxyfen | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 26186730 | Predicting Scenarios for Successful Autodissemination of Pyriproxyfen by Malaria Vectors from Their Resting Sites to Aquatic Habitats; Description and Simulation Analysis of a Field-Parameterizable Model. | <question>What insecticide is autodisseminated by Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes to inhibit the emergence of their offspring?</question>
<answer>Pyriproxyfen</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Pyriproxyfen",
"PPF"
]
|
Which glucocorticoid was shown to inhibit urocortin-induced interleukin-6 expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells? | Dexamethasone | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 17346851 | Inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on urocortin-mediated increases in interleukin-6 gene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. | <question>Which glucocorticoid was shown to inhibit urocortin-induced interleukin-6 expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells?</question>
<answer>Dexamethasone</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Dexamethasone",
"Decadron",
"Hexadrol",
"Maxidex",
"Ozurdex",
"Dexasone",
"Dexamethasonum",
"Dexametasona"
]
|
Which framework was adapted to define domains and constructs for survey development in palliative care implementation research? | Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 28801007 | A Survey to Evaluate Facilitators and Barriers to Quality Measurement and Improvement: Adapting Tools for Implementation Research in Palliative Care Programs. | <question>Which framework was adapted to define domains and constructs for survey development in palliative care implementation research?</question>
<answer>Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research",
"CFIR"
]
|
What is the molecular target of the antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA-AON) used to reduce serum triglyceride levels in mice? | apolipoprotein C-III mRNA | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 24269597 | Locked nucleic acid antisense inhibitor targeting apolipoprotein C-III efficiently and preferentially removes triglyceride from large very low-density lipoprotein particles in murine plasma. | <question>What is the molecular target of the antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA-AON) used to reduce serum triglyceride levels in mice?</question>
<answer>apolipoprotein C-III mRNA</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"apolipoprotein C-III mRNA",
"ApoC-III mRNA",
"apolipoprotein C3 mRNA",
"ApoC3 mRNA",
"ApoCIII mRNA",
"apolipoprotein CIII mRNA"
]
|
Which two meteorological parameters most strongly affect landfill gas emissions? | Atmospheric pressure and soil humidity | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 28784047 | Sampling method for the determination of methane emissions from landfill surfaces. | <question>Which two meteorological parameters most strongly affect landfill gas emissions?</question>
<answer>Atmospheric pressure and soil humidity</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"atmospheric pressure",
"barometric pressure",
"air pressure",
"soil humidity",
"soil moisture",
"ground moisture"
]
|
What condition is characterized by abnormally low levels of magnesium in the blood? | hypomagnesaemia | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 7786686 | Influence of high and low dietary magnesium levels on functional, chemical and morphological parameters of 'old' rats. | <question>What condition is characterized by abnormally low levels of magnesium in the blood?</question>
<answer>hypomagnesaemia</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"hypomagnesaemia",
"hypomagnesemia",
"magnesium deficiency",
"low blood magnesium",
"low serum magnesium",
"hypomagnesemic disorder"
]
|
What percentage of malnourished children under 5 years old in Lagos were found to be HIV positive in this study? | 11.7% | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 30286087 | Human immunodeficiency virus status in malnourished children seen at Lagos. | <question>What percentage of malnourished children under 5 years old in Lagos were found to be HIV positive in this study?</question>
<answer>11.7%</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"11.7%",
"11.7 percent"
]
|
What effect does increasing forage particle size in dairy cow diets have on fiber digestibility? | improves fiber digestibility | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 12214988 | Effects of particle size of alfalfa-based dairy cow diets on site and extent of digestion. | <question>What effect does increasing forage particle size in dairy cow diets have on fiber digestibility?</question>
<answer>improves fiber digestibility</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"improves fiber digestibility",
"increases fiber digestibility",
"enhances fiber digestibility",
"raises fiber digestibility",
"promotes fiber digestibility",
"better fiber digestibility",
"greater fiber digestibility"
]
|
Which cell type in parathyroid adenoma is primarily responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)? | Oxyphil cells | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 1557986 | The presence of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone-related protein in parathyroid adenoma cells. | <question>Which cell type in parathyroid adenoma is primarily responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)?</question>
<answer>Oxyphil cells</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Oxyphil cells",
"oxyphil cell",
"oxyphilic cells",
"oxyphilic cell"
]
|
What is the rsID of the NFKBIA promoter polymorphism that is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in genotype C hepatitis B virus-infected subjects? | rs2233406 | 1 | Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations | 25223483 | Effect of functional nuclear factor-kappaB genetic polymorphisms on hepatitis B virus persistence and their interactions with viral mutations on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. | <question>What is the rsID of the NFKBIA promoter polymorphism that is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in genotype C hepatitis B virus-infected subjects?</question>
<answer>rs2233406</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat> | [
"rs2233406"
]
|
What substance was administered to reduce elevated intracranial epidural pressure (EDP) after open-heart surgery? | mannitol | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 6412356 | Monitoring of intracranial pressure after open-heart surgery. | <question>What substance was administered to reduce elevated intracranial epidural pressure (EDP) after open-heart surgery?</question>
<answer>mannitol</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"mannitol",
"osmitrol"
]
|
What material is used as a coating to reduce stress in bone around dental implants? | hydroxyapatite | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 16518015 | Effect of a thin HA coating on the stress/strain distribution in bone around dental implants using three-dimensional finite element analysis. | <question>What material is used as a coating to reduce stress in bone around dental implants?</question>
<answer>hydroxyapatite</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"hydroxyapatite",
"HA",
"hydroxylapatite",
"calcium apatite"
]
|
Which type of autoantibody is most specifically associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome? | anti-voltage-gated calcium channel antibody | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 9484374 | Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. | <question>Which type of autoantibody is most specifically associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?</question>
<answer>anti-voltage-gated calcium channel antibody</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"anti-voltage-gated calcium channel antibody",
"anti-VGCC antibody",
"anti-voltage gated calcium channel antibody",
"anti-P/Q-type calcium channel antibody",
"anti-P/Q type VGCC antibody",
"anti-P/Q-type VGCC antibody"
]
|
What is the active ingredient in Solcoseryl used for topical treatment of burns? | protein-free haemodialysate | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 2054079 | Topical treatment of standardized burns with a protein-free haemodialysate. | <question>What is the active ingredient in Solcoseryl used for topical treatment of burns?</question>
<answer>protein-free haemodialysate</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"protein-free haemodialysate",
"protein-free hemodialysate",
"deproteinized calf blood dialysate",
"deproteinized hemodialysate",
"deproteinized haemodialysate",
"protein-free calf blood extract"
]
|
Which EEG frequency band is found to be increased in the frontotemporal region of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder? | theta | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 12775347 | Quantitative EEG analysis in obsessive compulsive disorder. | <question>Which EEG frequency band is found to be increased in the frontotemporal region of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder?</question>
<answer>theta</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"theta",
"theta band",
"theta wave",
"theta frequency",
"4-8 Hz",
"4 to 8 Hz",
"4–8 Hz"
]
|
Which human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is most closely associated with seronegative spondyloarthropathy syndromes? | HLA-B27 | 1 | Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations | 6639237 | Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Fact or fiction? | <question>Which human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is most closely associated with seronegative spondyloarthropathy syndromes?</question>
<answer>HLA-B27</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat> | [
"HLA-B27",
"HLA B27",
"HLA B*27",
"Human Leukocyte Antigen B27",
"HLA class I B27",
"B27"
]
|
What salivary enzyme's activity is inversely associated with probing depth in periodontal health? | peroxidase | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 28555944 | Association of salivary peroxidase activity and concentration with periodontal health: A validity study. | <question>What salivary enzyme's activity is inversely associated with probing depth in periodontal health?</question>
<answer>peroxidase</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"peroxidase",
"salivary peroxidase",
"lactoperoxidase",
"salivary lactoperoxidase"
]
|
Which dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker significantly inhibits K(+)-mediated contraction in mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells? | nifedipine | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 23426966 | Functional characterization of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in mouse pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: divergent effect of ROS. | <question>Which dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker significantly inhibits K(+)-mediated contraction in mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells?</question>
<answer>nifedipine</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"nifedipine",
"Adalat",
"Procardia"
]
|
What medical device is used to apply negative pressure to wounds for promoting healing in cases of severe abdominal wall infection? | vacuum sealing drainage | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 30157561 | [Debridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of severe infection in abdominal wall due to allogeneic umbilical cord embedded in abdominal wall for immunotherapy]. | <question>What medical device is used to apply negative pressure to wounds for promoting healing in cases of severe abdominal wall infection?</question>
<answer>vacuum sealing drainage</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"vacuum sealing drainage",
"VSD",
"vacuum-assisted closure",
"VAC",
"negative pressure wound therapy",
"NPWT",
"vacuum therapy",
"vacuum-assisted wound closure"
]
|
What anatomical region is commonly used as a donor site for nasal reconstruction flaps? | forehead | 9 | Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation | 8657769 | The expanded forehead scalping flap: a new method of total nasal reconstruction. | <question>What anatomical region is commonly used as a donor site for nasal reconstruction flaps?</question>
<answer>forehead</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat> | [
"forehead",
"frontal region",
"frontal forehead",
"forehead region"
]
|
What is the primary molecular target of the drug alisertib? | Aurora A kinase | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 30973373 | Phase I Study of Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor Alisertib (MLN8237) in Combination With Selective VEGFR Inhibitor Pazopanib for Therapy of Advanced Solid Tumors. | <question>What is the primary molecular target of the drug alisertib?</question>
<answer>Aurora A kinase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Aurora A kinase",
"AURKA",
"Aurora kinase A",
"STK6",
"AIK",
"ARK1",
"serine/threonine-protein kinase 6"
]
|
Which type of neuronal somata in the lateral cortex of Lacerta galloti is characterized by abundant lipofuscine granules? | Medium size somata of the granular layer | 9 | Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation | 6736635 | Ultrastructure of neuronal cell bodies in the lateral cortex of Lacerta galloti. | <question>Which type of neuronal somata in the lateral cortex of Lacerta galloti is characterized by abundant lipofuscine granules?</question>
<answer>Medium size somata of the granular layer</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat> | [
"Medium size somata of the granular layer",
"medium-sized somata of the granular layer",
"medium granular layer somata",
"medium-sized neurons of the granular layer",
"medium somata of the granular layer",
"granular layer medium somata"
]
|
What type of visual field defect is described as a complication after spinal anaesthesia in the reported cases? | pericentral ring scotomata | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 3414921 | Visual disturbances after spinal anaesthesia. | <question>What type of visual field defect is described as a complication after spinal anaesthesia in the reported cases?</question>
<answer>pericentral ring scotomata</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"pericentral ring scotomata",
"pericentral ring scotoma",
"pericentral scotoma",
"pericentral scotomata",
"ring scotoma",
"ring scotomata"
]
|
Which antibiotic showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range against Propionibacterium acnes among those tested? | clindamycin | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 10326737 | In vitro activity of LY 333328 against anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. | <question>Which antibiotic showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range against Propionibacterium acnes among those tested?</question>
<answer>clindamycin</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"clindamycin",
"Dalacin",
"Cleocin",
"Clindacin",
"Clindamycin hydrochloride"
]
|
What is the main mechanism contributing to the adsorption of Cry1Ab protein to apolar humic acids? | hydrophobic effect | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 22862550 | Adsorption of insecticidal Cry1Ab protein to humic substances. 2. Influence of humic and fulvic acid charge and polarity characteristics. | <question>What is the main mechanism contributing to the adsorption of Cry1Ab protein to apolar humic acids?</question>
<answer>hydrophobic effect</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"hydrophobic effect",
"hydrophobic interaction",
"hydrophobic interactions"
]
|
What is the full name of the STAS assessment tool used in palliative care? | Support Team Assessment Schedule | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 18414329 | Is a STAS-based tool valid to triage patients at a specialist palliative care inpatient unit? | <question>What is the full name of the STAS assessment tool used in palliative care?</question>
<answer>Support Team Assessment Schedule</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"Support Team Assessment Schedule",
"STAS"
]
|
What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder among Canadians aged 25 to 64? | 2.6% | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 15748042 | Bipolar I disorder, social support and work. | <question>What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder among Canadians aged 25 to 64?</question>
<answer>2.6%</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"2.6%",
"2.6 percent",
"2.6 pct"
]
|
What medication is used for preventive therapy of tuberculosis in population-level interventions? | isoniazid | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 30096067 | Modeling the implementation of population-level isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis control in a high HIV-prevalence setting. | <question>What medication is used for preventive therapy of tuberculosis in population-level interventions?</question>
<answer>isoniazid</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"isoniazid",
"INH",
"isonicotinylhydrazide"
]
|
Which antibiotic was shown to be most effective in treating severe Porphyromonas gingivalis aspiration pneumonia in a murine model? | Clindamycin | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 22149928 | Aerosolized clindamycin is superior to aerosolized dexamethasone or clindamycin-dexamethasone combination in the treatment of severe Porphyromonas gingivalis aspiration pneumonia in an experimental murine model. | <question>Which antibiotic was shown to be most effective in treating severe Porphyromonas gingivalis aspiration pneumonia in a murine model?</question>
<answer>Clindamycin</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Clindamycin",
"Dalacin",
"Cleocin",
"Clindamycin hydrochloride",
"Clindamycin HCl"
]
|
Which protein's overexpression promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation in human dental follicle cells? | ADAM28 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 19580958 | Influence of ADAM28 on biological characteristics of human dental follicle cells. | <question>Which protein's overexpression promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation in human dental follicle cells?</question>
<answer>ADAM28</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"ADAM28",
"A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 28",
"ADAM 28",
"ADAM-28"
]
|
What type of cancer patients commonly undergo jejunostomy for nutritional support? | gastric cancer | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 23267990 | [Laparoscopic reconstruction of jejunostomy catheter deviations in gastric and esophageal cancer patients who underwent jejunostomy]. | <question>What type of cancer patients commonly undergo jejunostomy for nutritional support?</question>
<answer>gastric cancer</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"gastric cancer",
"stomach cancer",
"gastric carcinoma",
"stomach carcinoma",
"gastric adenocarcinoma",
"stomach adenocarcinoma"
]
|
Which serum tumor marker has a higher pretreatment positivity rate in advanced breast cancer, CA 15-3 or CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)? | CA 15-3 | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 12525762 | Significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 15-3 in monitoring advanced breast cancer patients treated with systemic therapy: a large-scale retrospective study. | <question>Which serum tumor marker has a higher pretreatment positivity rate in advanced breast cancer, CA 15-3 or CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)?</question>
<answer>CA 15-3</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"CA 15-3",
"CA15-3",
"Cancer Antigen 15-3",
"Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3"
]
|
Which complement pathway is primarily activated during cold activation of complement (CAC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C? | classical pathway | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 11512565 | Cold activation of serum complement in patients with chronic hepatitis C: study on activating pathway and involvement of IgG. | <question>Which complement pathway is primarily activated during cold activation of complement (CAC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C?</question>
<answer>classical pathway</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"classical pathway",
"classical complement pathway",
"classical complement activation pathway",
"classical pathway of complement activation"
]
|
What molecule is primarily responsible for the monocyte-mediated suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in adults? | Prostaglandin E2 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 6215198 | Lack of prostaglandin E2-mediated monocyte suppressive activity in newborn and mothers. | <question>What molecule is primarily responsible for the monocyte-mediated suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in adults?</question>
<answer>Prostaglandin E2</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Prostaglandin E2",
"PGE2",
"dinoprostone"
]
|
Which insecticide is most commonly emitted from a vaporizing mosquito repellent mat? | Allethrin | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 26615491 | Pyrethroids in indoor air during application of various mosquito repellents: Occurrence, dissipation and potential exposure risk. | <question>Which insecticide is most commonly emitted from a vaporizing mosquito repellent mat?</question>
<answer>Allethrin</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Allethrin",
"d-Allethrin",
"dl-Allethrin",
"S-Allethrin",
"allethrin I",
"allethrin II",
"bioallethrin"
]
|
What plasmid is responsible for mediating bacterial conjugation in Escherichia coli? | F factor | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 5326100 | Loss and repair of conjugal fertility and infectivity of the resistance factor and sex factor in Escherichia coli. | <question>What plasmid is responsible for mediating bacterial conjugation in Escherichia coli?</question>
<answer>F factor</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"F factor",
"F plasmid",
"fertility factor",
"fertility plasmid",
"sex factor",
"F element"
]
|
What drug is used as a lipase inhibitor for weight loss in obese patients? | Orlistat | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 15947531 | Effect of Orlistat in obese patients with heart failure: a pilot study. | <question>What drug is used as a lipase inhibitor for weight loss in obese patients?</question>
<answer>Orlistat</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Orlistat",
"tetrahydrolipstatin",
"Xenical",
"Alli"
]
|
Which interleukin selectively activates STAT3 signaling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells? | IL-21 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 18281483 | Differential effects of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15 versus interleukin-21 on CD4+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells. | <question>Which interleukin selectively activates STAT3 signaling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells?</question>
<answer>IL-21</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"IL-21",
"Interleukin-21",
"IL21"
]
|
What enzyme is encoded by the pgi gene in Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77? | Phosphoglucose isomerase | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 19336005 | Cloning and characterization of phosphoglucose isomerase from Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77. | <question>What enzyme is encoded by the pgi gene in Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77?</question>
<answer>Phosphoglucose isomerase</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Phosphoglucose isomerase",
"PGI",
"glucose-6-phosphate isomerase",
"GPI",
"phosphohexose isomerase",
"PHI",
"glucose phosphate isomerase"
]
|
What was the most common infection type associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in the studied primary care clinics? | bronchial infection | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 3559774 | Impact of therapeutic guidelines on antibiotic use by residents in primary care clinics. | <question>What was the most common infection type associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in the studied primary care clinics?</question>
<answer>bronchial infection</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"bronchial infection",
"bronchitis",
"acute bronchitis",
"lower respiratory tract infection",
"LRTI"
]
|
What is the main type of biopolymer produced by recombinant Escherichia coli pUC19cab/XL-IBlue? | polyhydroxyalkanoates | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 16878546 | Microcalorimetric studies on the polyhydroxyalkanoates production of recombinant Escherichia coli. | <question>What is the main type of biopolymer produced by recombinant Escherichia coli pUC19cab/XL-IBlue?</question>
<answer>polyhydroxyalkanoates</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"polyhydroxyalkanoates",
"PHA",
"polyhydroxyalkanoate",
"polyhydroxyalkanoic acids"
]
|
Which anti-apoptotic protein is down-regulated by resveratrol and clofarabine treatment in malignant mesothelioma cells? | Mcl-1 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 24924397 | Resveratrol and clofarabine induces a preferential apoptosis-activating effect on malignant mesothelioma cells by Mcl-1 down-regulation and caspase-3 activation. | <question>Which anti-apoptotic protein is down-regulated by resveratrol and clofarabine treatment in malignant mesothelioma cells?</question>
<answer>Mcl-1</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Mcl-1",
"Myeloid cell leukemia 1",
"MCL1",
"Bcl-2-related protein Mcl-1",
"BCL2L3"
]
|
Which algorithm was used to analyze the screening results of N5-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines against the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line panel? | COMPARE | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 31340431 | Structural and Biological Investigations for a Series of N-5 Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines as Potential Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. | <question>Which algorithm was used to analyze the screening results of N5-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines against the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line panel?</question>
<answer>COMPARE</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"COMPARE",
"COMPARE algorithm"
]
|
What is the leading cause of suicide among the elderly in India? | Depressive disease | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 1935195 | Suicide in the elderly: a report from India. | <question>What is the leading cause of suicide among the elderly in India?</question>
<answer>Depressive disease</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"Depressive disease",
"depression",
"major depressive disorder",
"clinical depression",
"depressive disorder"
]
|
Which region of the eye is associated with the highest acuity vision? | fovea | 9 | Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation | 6458649 | Retinal location and its effect on the processing of target and distractor information. | <question>Which region of the eye is associated with the highest acuity vision?</question>
<answer>fovea</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat> | [
"fovea",
"fovea centralis"
]
|
What type of cancer were the survivor participants in the study previously diagnosed with? | colorectal cancer | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 16053814 | Qualitative comparison of dietary choices and dietary supplement use among older adults with and without a history of colorectal cancer. | <question>What type of cancer were the survivor participants in the study previously diagnosed with?</question>
<answer>colorectal cancer</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"colorectal cancer",
"colon cancer",
"rectal cancer",
"bowel cancer",
"colorectal carcinoma",
"colon carcinoma",
"rectal carcinoma"
]
|
Which complement protein's increased stability on the cell surface is primarily responsible for enhanced cytotoxicity in papain-treated lymphocytes? | C4b | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 6915075 | Mechanism of enhanced complement-dependent cytotoxicity of papain-treated lymphocytes: evidence for increased stability of classical pathway C3 convertase. | <question>Which complement protein's increased stability on the cell surface is primarily responsible for enhanced cytotoxicity in papain-treated lymphocytes?</question>
<answer>C4b</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"C4b",
"Complement component 4b",
"C4 fragment b",
"C4b fragment",
"C4 beta chain",
"C4b protein"
]
|
Which multidrug-resistant fungus has been identified as a contaminant in tissue allografts from multiorgan-multitissue donors? | Candida auris | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 33270340 | Contamination of tissue allografts from a multiorgan-multitissue donor colonized by Candida auris. | <question>Which multidrug-resistant fungus has been identified as a contaminant in tissue allografts from multiorgan-multitissue donors?</question>
<answer>Candida auris</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"Candida auris",
"C. auris"
]
|
According to incongruity theory, what factor increases the perceived funniness of a word? | violation of expectations | 10 | Psychology and behavioral health | 30335445 | Wriggly, squiffy, lummox, and boobs: What makes some words funny? | <question>According to incongruity theory, what factor increases the perceived funniness of a word?</question>
<answer>violation of expectations</answer>
<cat_num>10</cat_num>
<cat>Psychology and behavioral health</cat> | [
"violation of expectations",
"expectation violation",
"violating expectations",
"expectancy violation",
"expectancy violations"
]
|
What management approach can local public health departments use to improve service effectiveness and resource utilization? | Quality management | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 10159292 | Improvement strategy for local health departments. | <question>What management approach can local public health departments use to improve service effectiveness and resource utilization?</question>
<answer>Quality management</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"Quality management",
"quality improvement",
"quality assurance",
"QM",
"QI",
"quality control"
]
|
What surgical procedure has shown a better prognosis compared to the standard (Halsted) or extended radical mastectomy in early breast cancer? | Modified radical mastectomy | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 2746940 | [Surgical procedure and adjuvant therapy in breast cancer]. | <question>What surgical procedure has shown a better prognosis compared to the standard (Halsted) or extended radical mastectomy in early breast cancer?</question>
<answer>Modified radical mastectomy</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"modified radical mastectomy",
"MRM"
]
|
Which physiological signal is analyzed to detect obstructive sleep apnea using heart rate variability methods? | Heart rate | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 20703543 | Detecting sleep apnea by heart rate variability analysis: assessing the validity of databases and algorithms. | <question>Which physiological signal is analyzed to detect obstructive sleep apnea using heart rate variability methods?</question>
<answer>Heart rate</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"Heart rate",
"HR",
"heart-rate",
"cardiac rate",
"pulse rate"
]
|
Which organism is used as a model to study the intragenomic distribution and stability of Bari 1, hobo, and pogo transposable elements? | Drosophila melanogaster | 9 | Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation | 9302318 | Intragenomic distribution and stability of transposable elements in euchromatin and heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster: elements with inverted repeats Bari 1, hobo, and pogo. | <question>Which organism is used as a model to study the intragenomic distribution and stability of Bari 1, hobo, and pogo transposable elements?</question>
<answer>Drosophila melanogaster</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat> | [
"Drosophila melanogaster",
"fruit fly",
"D. melanogaster",
"common fruit fly",
"vinegar fly"
]
|
What percentage of children aged 15 years or under had asthma or wheezing illness in the studied London inner city general practice? | 19.5% | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 1973050 | Prevalence and management of asthma in a London inner city general practice. | <question>What percentage of children aged 15 years or under had asthma or wheezing illness in the studied London inner city general practice?</question>
<answer>19.5%</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"19.5%",
"19.5 percent"
]
|
What drug was tested as a topical treatment for erectile dysfunction in spinal cord injured men? | Minoxidil | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 8303971 | Transcutaneous minoxidil in the treatment of erectile dysfunctions in spinal cord injured men. | <question>What drug was tested as a topical treatment for erectile dysfunction in spinal cord injured men?</question>
<answer>Minoxidil</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Minoxidil",
"Rogaine",
"Loniten"
]
|
What term is used to describe pathological laughter occurring as a symptom prior to a brainstem infarct? | fou rire prodromique | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 10740101 | [Pathological laughter after the brainstem infarction]. | <question>What term is used to describe pathological laughter occurring as a symptom prior to a brainstem infarct?</question>
<answer>fou rire prodromique</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"fou rire prodromique",
"prodromal pathological laughter",
"pathological laughter prodrome",
"fou rire prodrome"
]
|
Which growth factor is primarily responsible for the angiogenic activity mediated by rat mast cells in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay? | Fibroblast growth factor-2 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 12010658 | Angiogenic activity of rat mast cells in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane is down-regulated by treatment with recombinant human alpha-2a interferon and partly mediated by fibroblast growth factor-2. | <question>Which growth factor is primarily responsible for the angiogenic activity mediated by rat mast cells in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay?</question>
<answer>Fibroblast growth factor-2</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Fibroblast growth factor-2",
"FGF-2",
"basic fibroblast growth factor",
"bFGF",
"FGF2"
]
|
Which cell surface integrin targeted by DEL-1 mediates T follicular helper (Tfh) cell induction? | LFA-1 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 34403362 | Stromal cell-derived DEL-1 inhibits Tfh cell activation and inflammatory arthritis. | <question>Which cell surface integrin targeted by DEL-1 mediates T follicular helper (Tfh) cell induction?</question>
<answer>LFA-1</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"LFA-1",
"lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1",
"CD11a/CD18",
"ITGAL/ITGB2",
"integrin alpha L beta 2",
"integrin αLβ2",
"CD11a",
"CD18"
]
|
Which cell surface marker is used in flow cytometric assays to specifically identify neuroblastoma cells in patient samples? | GD2 | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 12497591 | Flow cytometric immunophenotyping test for staging/monitoring neuroblastoma patients. | <question>Which cell surface marker is used in flow cytometric assays to specifically identify neuroblastoma cells in patient samples?</question>
<answer>GD2</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"GD2",
"disialoganglioside GD2",
"ganglioside GD2"
]
|
What type of secondary structure does the PolyA x PolyU complex adopt under neutral pH and 15°C? | A-double-stranded helical conformation | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 17655109 | [Analysis of polyA, polyU and double-stranded complex polyA x polyU via Raman spectroscopy]. | <question>What type of secondary structure does the PolyA x PolyU complex adopt under neutral pH and 15°C?</question>
<answer>A-double-stranded helical conformation</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"A-double-stranded helical conformation",
"A-form double helix",
"A-form helix",
"A-type double helix",
"A-type helix",
"A-form RNA helix",
"A-RNA",
"A-helix",
"A-form",
"A-type",
"A-form helical structure"
]
|
Which amino acid residue in H-ras p21 is suggested to strongly interact with the bound nucleotide GDP? | Phe28 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 2405906 | Proton NMR studies of transforming and nontransforming H-ras p21 mutants. | <question>Which amino acid residue in H-ras p21 is suggested to strongly interact with the bound nucleotide GDP?</question>
<answer>Phe28</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Phe28",
"Phenylalanine 28",
"F28",
"Phenylalanine residue 28"
]
|
Which carbon source has a significantly greater negative impact on sterol accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: sucrose or ethanol? | sucrose | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 3546026 | Kinetics of delta 5,7-sterol accumulation during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | <question>Which carbon source has a significantly greater negative impact on sterol accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: sucrose or ethanol?</question>
<answer>sucrose</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"sucrose",
"table sugar",
"β-D-fructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside",
"saccharose"
]
|
What chemotherapeutic agent is most often associated with acral erythema (palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia)? | cytarabine | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 22767133 | Probable cytarabine-induced acral erythema: report of 2 pediatric cases. | <question>What chemotherapeutic agent is most often associated with acral erythema (palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia)?</question>
<answer>cytarabine</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"cytarabine",
"Ara-C",
"cytosine arabinoside"
]
|
Which bacterial species was used to assess intracanal bacterial reduction in the study comparing different endodontic instrumentation systems? | Enterococcus faecalis | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 25424649 | Mechanical reduction of the intracanal Enterococcus faecalis population by Hyflex CM, K3XF, ProTaper Next, and two manual instrument systems: an in vitro comparative study. | <question>Which bacterial species was used to assess intracanal bacterial reduction in the study comparing different endodontic instrumentation systems?</question>
<answer>Enterococcus faecalis</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"Enterococcus faecalis",
"E. faecalis",
"Enterococcus faecium faecalis",
"Streptococcus faecalis"
]
|
What is the primary professional group surveyed regarding referral practices to early intervention services for young children with developmental disabilities in Australia? | paediatricians | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 8827544 | Early intervention: professional views and referral practices of Australian paediatricians. | <question>What is the primary professional group surveyed regarding referral practices to early intervention services for young children with developmental disabilities in Australia?</question>
<answer>paediatricians</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"paediatricians",
"pediatricians",
"paediatric doctors",
"pediatric doctors",
"child health specialists",
"children's doctors"
]
|
What is the effect of increasing aspect ratio on the isotropic-nematic transition volume fraction in discotic suspensions? | It increases | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 23005115 | Aspect ratio and polydispersity dependence of isotropic-nematic transition in discotic suspensions. | <question>What is the effect of increasing aspect ratio on the isotropic-nematic transition volume fraction in discotic suspensions?</question>
<answer>It increases</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"It increases",
"increases",
"increase",
"the transition volume fraction increases",
"transition volume fraction increases",
"higher",
"goes up",
"rises",
"is increased"
]
|
Which fatty acid is notably increased in the myocardium of rats fed an erucic acid enriched diet? | erucic acid | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 9528174 | Myocardial fatty acid pattern in rats fed on an erucic acid enriched diet. | <question>Which fatty acid is notably increased in the myocardium of rats fed an erucic acid enriched diet?</question>
<answer>erucic acid</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"erucic acid",
"cis-13-docosenoic acid",
"C22:1 n-9",
"22:1 n-9",
"brassidic acid"
]
|
What plant's bark extract was shown to reduce Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in experimentally infected mice? | Pavetta owariensis | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 3104691 | In vivo activity of an extract of Pavetta owariensis bark on experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. | <question>What plant's bark extract was shown to reduce Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in experimentally infected mice?</question>
<answer>Pavetta owariensis</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"Pavetta owariensis",
"Pavetta owariensis bark",
"Pavetta owariensis extract"
]
|
According to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations, before what age must the first dose of rotavirus vaccine be administered? | 15 weeks | 2 | Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence | 31318031 | Rotavirus Vaccination Coverage During a Rotavirus Outbreak Resulting in a Fatality at a Subacute Care Facility. | <question>According to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations, before what age must the first dose of rotavirus vaccine be administered?</question>
<answer>15 weeks</answer>
<cat_num>2</cat_num>
<cat>Therapeutics, indications & clinical evidence</cat> | [
"15 weeks",
"fifteen weeks",
"15 wks",
"fifteen wks",
"15 weeks of age",
"before 15 weeks",
"before fifteen weeks"
]
|
What is the causative fungal species of rice sheath rot disease? | Sarocladium oryzae | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 27036298 | De novo genome assembly and annotation of rice sheath rot fungus Sarocladium oryzae reveals genes involved in Helvolic acid and Cerulenin biosynthesis pathways. | <question>What is the causative fungal species of rice sheath rot disease?</question>
<answer>Sarocladium oryzae</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"Sarocladium oryzae",
"Acrocylindrium oryzae",
"Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) Gams & Hawksworth",
"Acrocylindrium oryzae Sawada"
]
|
What laboratory method is commonly abbreviated as ELISA? | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 7061711 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of recent rubella infection. | <question>What laboratory method is commonly abbreviated as ELISA?</question>
<answer>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay",
"ELISA",
"enzyme linked immunosorbent assay",
"enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay"
]
|
What chemical is used to conjugate magnetic beads for virus concentration in the improved RCR detection method described? | polyethyleneimine | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 15536044 | An improved method for detection of replication-competent retrovirus in retrovirus vector products. | <question>What chemical is used to conjugate magnetic beads for virus concentration in the improved RCR detection method described?</question>
<answer>polyethyleneimine</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"polyethyleneimine",
"PEI",
"polyethylenimine"
]
|
What is the narrowest part of the pediatric upper airway relevant for endotracheal tube resistance? | subglottic transverse diameter | 9 | Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation | 26083203 | Age-based analysis of pediatric upper airway dimensions using computed tomography imaging. | <question>What is the narrowest part of the pediatric upper airway relevant for endotracheal tube resistance?</question>
<answer>subglottic transverse diameter</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat> | [
"subglottic transverse diameter",
"subglottic region",
"subglottic area",
"subglottic space",
"subglottis"
]
|
What is the strongest prognostic factor associated with both cognitive and motor outcomes in stroke rehabilitation? | Level of disability at admission | 6 | Biomarkers & diagnostic tests | 25573600 | Normalization of Functional Independence Measure variation improves assessment of stroke rehabilitation outcome. | <question>What is the strongest prognostic factor associated with both cognitive and motor outcomes in stroke rehabilitation?</question>
<answer>Level of disability at admission</answer>
<cat_num>6</cat_num>
<cat>Biomarkers & diagnostic tests</cat> | [
"Level of disability at admission",
"admission disability level",
"initial disability level",
"baseline disability level",
"disability at admission",
"disability level at admission"
]
|
What is the name of the cortical zone in raccoon primary somatosensory cortex that contains a detailed, somatotopically ordered representation of the glabrous surface of a digit? | glabrous zone | 9 | Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation | 1761751 | Functional regions within the map of a single digit in raccoon primary somatosensory cortex. | <question>What is the name of the cortical zone in raccoon primary somatosensory cortex that contains a detailed, somatotopically ordered representation of the glabrous surface of a digit?</question>
<answer>glabrous zone</answer>
<cat_num>9</cat_num>
<cat>Anatomical / cellular structures & localisation</cat> | [
"glabrous zone",
"GZ"
]
|
Which signaling pathway is activated by Zinc L-carnosine to suppress inflammatory responses in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages? | Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 28697633 | Zinc L-carnosine suppresses inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages cell line via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. | <question>Which signaling pathway is activated by Zinc L-carnosine to suppress inflammatory responses in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages?</question>
<answer>Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway",
"Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway",
"Nrf2/HO-1 pathway",
"Nrf2-HO-1 pathway",
"Nrf2 heme oxygenase-1 pathway",
"Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway",
"nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway",
"Nrf2 pathway",
"HO-1 pathway"
]
|
What technique is used to measure intramural pH in the gastric mucosa? | tonometry | 4 | Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms | 1787613 | Experimental studies on the prediction and prevention of stress ulcers using tonometry, reflectance spectrophotometry and oxygenated perfluorochemicals. | <question>What technique is used to measure intramural pH in the gastric mucosa?</question>
<answer>tonometry</answer>
<cat_num>4</cat_num>
<cat>Experimental & computational methods, resources & acronyms</cat> | [
"tonometry",
"gastric tonometry",
"intragastric tonometry"
]
|
Which cell surface marker identifies the primary target cells of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus macaques? | CD4 | 3 | Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions | 16225413 | Chronic alcohol consumption results in higher simian immunodeficiency virus replication in mucosally inoculated rhesus macaques. | <question>Which cell surface marker identifies the primary target cells of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus macaques?</question>
<answer>CD4</answer>
<cat_num>3</cat_num>
<cat>Protein function, localization & signalling/enzymatic interactions</cat> | [
"CD4",
"CD4 antigen",
"T4",
"Leu-3",
"OKT4",
"Cluster of Differentiation 4"
]
|
Which European country was studied to assess the impact of land-use change on butterfly species occurrence between 1951 and 2000? | Switzerland | 5 | Disease causation & pathogens | 19184187 | History matters: relating land-use change to butterfly species occurrence. | <question>Which European country was studied to assess the impact of land-use change on butterfly species occurrence between 1951 and 2000?</question>
<answer>Switzerland</answer>
<cat_num>5</cat_num>
<cat>Disease causation & pathogens</cat> | [
"Switzerland",
"Swiss Confederation",
"CH",
"Schweiz",
"Suisse",
"Svizzera",
"Svizra"
]
|
Which gene is targeted by double-stranded RNA in transgenic potatoes to protect against Leptinotarsa decemlineata? | JHAMT | 1 | Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations | 30398356 | Double-Stranded RNAs High-Efficiently Protect Transgenic Potato from Leptinotarsa decemlineata by Disrupting Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis. | <question>Which gene is targeted by double-stranded RNA in transgenic potatoes to protect against Leptinotarsa decemlineata?</question>
<answer>JHAMT</answer>
<cat_num>1</cat_num>
<cat>Genetic inheritance & disease-linked mutations</cat> | [
"JHAMT",
"juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase",
"juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase",
"JH acid methyltransferase",
"JH acid O-methyltransferase"
]
|
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