IPIS: Inclusive Polish Instruction Set

Note: The IPIS dataset is currently restricted, as it is being used for PolEval 2025 (Task 2). It will be publicly available here once the shared task ends.

IPIS is a collection of Polish instructions designed to improve the gender sensitivity and inclusiveness of large language models (LLMs). The IPIS instructions can be used to instruction-tune LLMs and are specifically designed to solve two tasks:

gender-inclusive proofreading in Polish (IPIS-proofreading)
Polish↔English gender-sensitive translation (see IPIS-translation)

IPIS data source

IPIS is built on a gender-inclusive text corpus manually annotated in the PLLuM project. The corpus comprises open-access texts written in standard Polish, a predominantly non-inclusive language, and representing diverse genres (see Data sources). All non-inclusive expressions in these texts are manually transformed into gender-sensitive versions (see Annotation procedure) by the IPI annotation team.

Dataset sources

European legal acts (Polish, English[):
- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
- The Treaty on Europen Union (Consolidated Version)
- The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Consolidated Version)
Polish legal acts (Polish):
- Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Eng. Constitution of Poland)
Institutional documents (Polish):
- Regulamin pracy IPI PAN (Eng. Work regulation in ICS PAS)
- Status IPI PAN (Eng. ICS PAS Statute)
- Zasady podziału dotacji na działalność badawczo-rozwojową służącą rozwojowi młodych naukowców i uczestników studiów doktoranckich w IPI PAN (Eng. Rules for the distribution of subsidies for research and development activities aimed at the development of young scientists and PhD students at ICS PAS)
- Regulamin Rady Naukowej IPI PAN (Eng. Regulations of the Scientific Council of ICS PAS)
- Regulamin Szkoły Doktorskiej TIB PAN (Eng. Regulations of the Doctoral School TIB PAN)
- Tryb Przeprowadzania przed Radę Naukową IPI PAN Czynności w Postępowaniu w sprawie Nadania Stopnia Doktora (Eng. Procedure of Awarding the PhD Degree by the Scientific Council of ICS PAS)
- Regulamin zarządzania prawami autorskimi w IPI PAN (Eng. Copyright Managmenent Regulations at ICS PAS)
A balanced corpus of written texts (Polish)
- National Corpus of Polish (NLPre-based split of NKJP1M)
A subset of ParlaMint, i.e. a corpus of transcribed parliamentary debates (Polish)
- ParlaMint (year 2022)

Annotation procedure

Two annotators manually transform text units containing non-inclusive expressions into their gender-sensitive variants. Text passages that are already gender-neutral remain unchanged. When both annotated versions are valid (i.e. accepted by a super-annotator), they are included in the dataset to provide a more diverse range of training examples.

Possible gender-inclusive alternatives of the masculine generic form posłowie (Eng. deputies):

posłanki i posłowie

posłowie i posłanki

posłowie/posłanki

posłanki/posłowie

posł*owie/anki

Consequently, each text unit may have none (unchanged text), one, or two inclusive alternatives.

Annotation team

dr Alina Wróblewska (leader),
dr Anna Bulińska,
Wiktora Gumienna,
Martyna Lewandowska,
Zuzanna Przybysz,
Aleksandra Tomaszewska,
Joanna Wołoszyn.

Credits

If you use IPIS in your research, please cite it as follows:

@misc{wróblewska2025integratinggenderinclusivitylarge,
      title={Integrating gender inclusivity into large language models via instruction tuning}, 
      author={Alina Wróblewska and Bartosz Żuk},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2508.18466},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.18466}, 
}

Acknowledgments

The IPIS dataset was created as part of the Universal Discourse: a multilingual model of discourse relations project, founded by the Polish National Science Centre (Grant number: 2023/50/A/HS2/00559).

Licence

IPIS is released under CC-BY-SA-4.0.

Datasets:

ipipan
/

ipis

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