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A psychotic criminal mastermind portraying himself as an " agent of chaos " , who rises to dominant power by terrorizing Gotham and plunging it into anarchy . Before Ledger was confirmed for the role in July 2006 , Paul Bettany , <unk> Hulme , Adrien Brody , Steve Carell , and Robin Williams publicly expressed interest in it . However , Nolan had wanted to work with Ledger on a number of projects in the past ( including unsuccessfully approaching Ledger for the role of Batman in Batman Begins ) and was agreeable to Ledger 's chaotic interpretation of the character . When Ledger saw Batman Begins , he had realized a way to make the character work that was consistent with the film 's tone : he described his Joker as a " psychopathic , mass murdering , schizophrenic clown with zero empathy . " In the film , the Joker has a Glasgow smile , and his trademark chalk @-@ white skin and red lips are makeup rather than the result of chemical bleaching , as in the traditional portrayal of the character . Throughout the film , the Joker states his desire to upset social order through crime , and comes to define himself by his conflict with Batman . To prepare for the role , Ledger lived alone in a hotel room for a month , formulating the character 's posture , voice , and personality , and kept a diary , in which he recorded the Joker 's thoughts and feelings . While he initially found it difficult , Ledger eventually generated a voice unlike Jack Nicholson 's character in Tim Burton 's 1989 Batman film . He was also given Batman : The Killing Joke and Arkham Asylum : A Serious House on Serious Earth , which he " really tried to read and put it down . " Ledger also cited A Clockwork Orange and Sid Vicious as " a very early starting point for Christian [ Bale ] and I. But we kind of flew far away from that pretty quickly and into another world altogether . " " There 's a bit of everything in him . There 's nothing that consistent , " Ledger said , and added , " There are a few more surprises to him . " Ledger was allowed to shoot and mostly direct the videos the Joker sends out as warnings . Each take Ledger made was different from the last . Nolan was impressed enough with the first video shoot that he chose to not be present when Ledger shot the video with a kidnapped reporter ( Anthony Michael Hall ) . On January 22 , 2008 , after he had completed filming The Dark Knight , Ledger died of an accidental prescription drug overdose , leading to intense press attention and memorial tributes . " It was tremendously emotional , right when he passed , having to go back in and look at him every day [ during editing ] , " Nolan recalled . " But the truth is , I feel very lucky to have something productive to do , to have a performance that he was very , very proud of , and that he had entrusted to me to finish . " All of Ledger 's scenes appear as he completed them in the filming ; in editing the film , Nolan added no " digital effects " to alter Ledger 's actual performance posthumously . Nolan has dedicated the film in part to Ledger 's memory .
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Archaeological investigation has yet to establish when the Castle Rock was first used as a place of human habitation . There is no record of any Roman interest in the location during General Agricola 's invasion of northern Britain near the end of the 1st century AD . Ptolemy 's map of the 2nd century AD shows a settlement in the territory of the Votadini named " Alauna " , meaning " rock place " , making this possibly the earliest known name for the Castle Rock . This could , however , refer to another of the tribe 's hill forts in the area . The <unk> <unk> of Andrew of Wyntoun ( c . 1350 – c . 1423 ) , an early source for Scottish history , names " <unk> " ( Ebraucus ) , a legendary King of the Britons , as having " <unk> [ built ] <unk> " . According to the earlier chronicler , Geoffrey of Monmouth ( c . 1100 – c . 1155 ) , Ebraucus had fifty children by his twenty wives , and was the founder of " <unk> " ( York ) , " <unk> " ( Dumbarton ) and the " Maidens ' Castle " . The 16th @-@ century English writer John Stow ( c . 1525 – 1605 ) , credited Ebraucus with building " the Castell of Maidens called <unk> " in 989 BC . The name " Maidens ' Castle " ( Latin : Castra or Castellum <unk> ) occurs frequently up until the 16th century . It appears in charters of David I ( r.1124 – 1153 ) and his successors , although the reason for it is not known . William Camden 's survey of Britain , Britannia ( 1607 ) , records that " the <unk> called [ it ] Castle <unk> <unk> [ winged rock ] , the Scots , the Maidens Castle and the Virgins Castle , of <unk> young maidens of the Picts <unk> <unk> who were kept there in old time " . According to the 17th @-@ century antiquarian Father Richard Hay , the " maidens " were a group of nuns , who were ejected from the castle and replaced by canons , considered " fitter to live among soldiers " . However , this story was considered " apocryphal " by the 19th @-@ century antiquarian Daniel Wilson and has been ignored by historians since . The name may have been derived from a " Cult of the Nine Maidens " type of legend . Arthurian legends suggest that the site once held a shrine to Morgain la Fee , one of nine sisters . Later , St <unk> , said to be one of nine companions , reputedly invested a church at Edinburgh , as well as at Dumbarton and other places . Similar names are shared by many other Iron Age hillforts and may have simply described a castle that had never been taken by force or derived from an earlier Brittonic name like mag dun .
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Rumours about the Night of the Long Knives rapidly spread . Although many Germans approached the official news of the events as described by Joseph Goebbels with a great deal of scepticism , many others took the regime at its word , and believed that Hitler had saved Germany from a descent into chaos . Luise <unk> , a Hamburg schoolteacher , echoed the sentiments of many Germans when she cited Hitler 's " personal courage , decisiveness and effectiveness " in her private diary . She even compared him to Frederick the Great , the 18th @-@ century King of Prussia . Others were appalled at the scale of the executions and at the relative complacency of many of their fellow Germans . " A very calm and easy going mailman , " the diarist Victor Klemperer wrote , " who is not at all National Socialist , said , ' Well , he simply sentenced them . ' " It did not escape Klemperer 's notice that many of the victims had played a role in bringing Hitler to power . " A chancellor " , he wrote , " sentences and shoots members of his own private army ! " The extent of the massacre and the relative ubiquity of the Gestapo , however , meant that those who disapproved of the purge generally kept quiet about it . Among the few exceptions were General Kurt von Hammerstein @-@ <unk> and Field Marshal August von Mackensen , who started a campaign to have Schleicher rehabilitated by Hitler . Hammerstein , who was a close friend of Schleicher , had been much offended at Schleicher 's funeral when the SS refused to allow him to attend the service and confiscated the wreaths that the mourners had brought . Besides working for the rehabilitation of Schleicher and Bredow , Hammerstein and Mackensen sent a memo to Hindenburg on July 18 setting out in considerable detail the circumstances of the murders of the two generals and noted that Papen had barely escaped . The memo went on to demand that Hindenburg punish those responsible , and criticised Blomberg for his outspoken support of the murders of Schleicher and Bredow . Finally , Hammerstein and Mackensen asked that Hindenburg reorganise the government by firing Baron Konstantin von Neurath , Robert Ley , Hermann Göring , Werner von Blomberg , Joseph Goebbels and Richard Walther Darré from the Cabinet . Instead , the memo asked that Hindenburg create a directorate to rule Germany comprising the Chancellor ( who was not named ) , General Werner von Fritsch as Vice @-@ Chancellor , Hammerstein as Minister of Defense , the Minister for National Economy ( also unnamed ) and Rudolf Nadolny as Foreign Minister . The request that Neurath be replaced by Nadolny , the former Ambassador to Moscow who had resigned earlier that year in protest against Hitler 's anti @-@ Soviet foreign policy , indicated that Hammerstein and Mackensen wanted a return to the " distant friendliness " towards the Soviet Union that existed until 1933 . Mackensen and Hammerstein ended their memo with :
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The largest numbers of Catholic refugees came from the two northern dioceses with the highest percentage of Catholics in Vietnam . These were Phát <unk> and Bùi Chu , mainly located in modern @-@ day Ninh Bình and Nam Định Provinces respectively . The bishops of the dioceses , had been strident opponents of the communists , and both had organised Catholic paramilitary groups that fought against the Viet Minh , which had long identified Catholics with colonial collaborationism . When the communists had gained the upper hand in the north , many Catholics had already begun making preparations to move to the south , where the communists were less influential , and large movements began immediately when news of the partition came through . After the defeat of French Union forces at Dien Bien Phu , French officers had evacuated their troops from Bui Chu and Phat Diem to reinforce the area between Hanoi and Haiphong which they still controlled , making it very easy for the communists to progress through the Catholic strongholds . The French withdrawal was not announced and was supposed to be secret , but the local church leadership found out quickly and the local Catholic community had already begun to move to the ports before end of talks in Geneva . By the time the accords were signed , 45 @,@ 000 Catholic refugees were already waiting in Hanoi , Haiphong or Hải Dương . According to the records of the Catholic Church , over 70 % of Catholics in Bui Chu and Phat Diem left , compared to around 50 % in most other areas . The Catholic records claim that only a third of Hanoi Catholics left , and that around 80 % of all clergy left . In all areas , a higher proportion of priests left than laypeople , which has been attributed to the communists inflicting heavier punishments on more prominent opposition figures , such as clerics . The departure rate was also lower in areas further removed from the coastal areas and departure ports ; in Hưng Hóa , only 11 @.@ 8 % of Catholics were recorded by their diocese as have migrated . It has been speculated that the low rate of Hanoi residents choosing to depart may have been because the city was relatively untouched by the decade of fighting , and that the varying and high rate of departures among rural Catholics was due to the influence of the local clergy ; priests in northern Vietnam were noted to be more theocratic and involved in civic decision @-@ making . They used a variety of ways to persuade their disciples to migrate ; some explained their belief that circumstances would be difficult for people who did not immigrate , some simply gave dogmatic reasons such as " God is not here any more " , while others gave no reason at all and made declarations such as " We are leaving tomorrow " in the expectation that their followers would obey without question . Surveys on the immigrants suggested they were largely content to follow the recommendation of the local priest . In some areas , the bishop in charge of the diocese told Catholics to stay , but laypeople were more likely to leave or stay depending on the stance of the local priest with whom they had regular contact ; in many cases , such as in Hanoi , a majority of priests ignored their bishop and left anyway .
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Despite its troubled construction period , the Circuit of the Americas passed its final FIA inspection on 25 September , allowing the race to go ahead . Sebastian Vettel took his sixth pole position of the season , whilst Alonso struggled throughout qualifying to start the race ninth , which became eighth when Romain Grosjean received a grid penalty for an unscheduled gearbox change . Amid concerns that drivers starting from even @-@ numbered grid slots would suffer from a lack of grip as they were located off the racing line , Ferrari deliberately broke the seal on Felipe Massa 's gearbox , thereby giving him a five @-@ place grid penalty and promoting Alonso to seventh and the clean side of the grid . Ferrari 's fears were not without merit as the drivers starting from even @-@ number spaces fell behind at the start of the race . Vettel quickly converted pole position into a steady race lead as Lewis Hamilton fought to regain second place from Mark Webber . Moments after Hamilton caught him on lap 17 , the Australian suffered yet another alternator problem , and coasted to a halt . Red Bull Racing team principal Christian Horner later admitted that the team 's perpetual alternator problems were a serious concern with just one race left in the championship , a World Championship at stake and very little time to diagnose and correct the problem . With Webber now out of the running , Hamilton then turned his attentions on Vettel and steadily closed the gap to the lead , overtaking the World Championship leader on lap 42 when Vettel got caught behind Narain Karthikeyan in the meandering first sector , which allowed Hamilton to pass Vettel along the long back straight . Hamilton held onto the lead for the final fourteen laps , but with Vettel never more than a second and a half behind him , Hamilton could not afford to relax , and he won the race by just six tenths of a second . Alonso recovered from seventh to finish third — marking the first time that he , Hamilton and Vettel had stood on the podium together in the one hundred races all three had contested together — and forcing the title fight to extend to the final round in Brazil . Further down the order , Massa overcame his gearbox penalty to finish fourth , while Jenson Button fell from twelfth on the grid to sixteenth at the end of the first lap , using an alternative strategy to claw his way back up to fifth . Michael Schumacher , on the other hand , went backwards ; after qualifying fifth , his Mercedes chewed through its tyres , forcing him to make a second stop that sent him plummeting down the order to finish sixteenth , and a clutch problem during his stop deprived Kimi Räikkönen of the chance to compete with Alonso for the final podium place . Both Marussia drivers out @-@ qualified the Caterhams for the first time , only for Timo Glock and Charles Pic be out @-@ raced by Heikki Kovalainen and Vitaly Petrov , but the Russian team held onto tenth place in the World Constructors ' Championship . Despite losing Webber to an alternator failure , Red Bull collected enough points to secure their third consecutive World Constructors ' Championship title .
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The 2002 – 03 season was the West Coast Express ' best season , as each member of the line again increased their point total to career highs . Naslund finished the year with 48 goals and 104 points again ranking him second in the league in points and goals . The fourth highest point total in franchise history to that point in time . Bertuzzi recorded 46 goals and 97 points , his goal total ranked him third in the league in goal scoring . Morrison 's 71 points remains a career high which he has not gotten within 11 points of since . During the year Naslund scored a career @-@ high four goals in a 6 – 3 win over the Edmonton Oilers , tying a Canucks record for most goals in a single game . In the game Bertuzzi added a goal and two assist while Morrison notched two assist of his own giving the line nine points in the game . Later in the season the West Coast Express helped the Canucks go on a 14 @-@ game unbeaten streak highlighted by back to back blowout wins to close out the streak . In the 13 game of the streak , a 7 – 2 win over the Columbus Blue Jackets , the line registered 5 goals and 12 points . The following game the trio increased their output to 5 goals and 14 points . In the contest both Bertuzzi and Morrison registered two goals and two assists . Naslund scored a goal and added five assists for a career @-@ high six point night . The Canucks finished the season with 104 points , a franchise record at the time . The West Coast Express accounted for 45 % of the Canucks ' 264 goals during the season . Finishing fourth in the Western Conference , the Canucks faced the St. Louis Blues in the playoffs . They fell behind St. Louis 3 – 1 in the series , but rallied back to force a game seven . In the deciding game , Naslund scored for the fourth consecutive game in the series and Morrison added the eventual game winner as the Canucks advanced to the second round . Facing off against the Minnesota Wild in game one of round two , the Canucks trailed late in the game . With just 8 @.@ 7 seconds remaining , Bertuzzi won a critical face @-@ off before Naslund took a shot that resulted in Cooke scoring on the rebound to force overtime , where the Canucks eventually ran out 4 – 3 winners . Vancouver took a 3 – 1 series lead before the Wild rallied to tie the series and force a game seven . The Canucks took a 2 – 0 lead in the game after Bertuzzi scored twice in the second period . Following his second goal , Bertuzzi skated by the Wild bench and said " Get your golf clubs out , boys , its over . " The Canucks preceded to surrender four consecutive goals , losing the game 4 – 2 and eliminating them from the playoffs . It was the last playoff game the trio would play together . In the off season Bertuzzi and Naslund were named to the NHL First All @-@ Star Team . Additionally Naslund was awarded the Lester B. Pearson Award ( since renamed the Ted Lindsay Award ) , given to the league 's best player as voted by the NHL Players ' Association .
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During the early days of their career , Big Bang 's music was predominantly hip hop and hip pop , although they incorporated R & B songs into their albums as well . A writer for Yahoo ! Japan once compared their early materials to that of American hip @-@ hop artists such as The Black Eyed Peas , stating that their songs included " catchy vocals , [ ... ] rap and characters . " The song " My Girl , " Taeyang 's first solo from the group 's first album , was described as " [ s ] <unk> , sexy and bass @-@ heavy , " in reminiscent of Omarion . Similarly , Seungri 's first solo from the same album , " Next Day " ( Korean : <unk> , Revised Romanization : <unk> Nal ) , was stated to have an " intense ‘ 90s Usher vibes . " Always ( 2007 ) was noted for its change of musical styles from their previous efforts , with the group experimenting with electronic dance music and setting it as the new music trend in Korea . G @-@ Dragon later stated that they hoped " to reach even more fans " with the new direction . In 2008 , they recorded " Oh My Friend , " a rock @-@ based song , with the Korean rock @-@ band No Brain . In an interview , the group also expressed interest in covering the music genre trot . From their EP Hot Issue ( 2008 ) , the " <unk> @-@ kei @-@ influenced " " Fool " ( Korean : <unk> ; Revised Romanization : Babo ) contained a " heavy dance beat paired with a smooth disco coating , " with G @-@ Dragon 's falsetto in the song garnering praise as a " pleasant surprise . " Alive ( 2012 ) was noted for being more " experimental " than their previous materials , with " Bad Boy " described as having a " nostalgic " sentiment and drew comparison to the work of R & B artists such as Justin Timberlake and Boyz II Men . The album was also praised for showcasing the group 's voice instead of their usual autotune , being described as having " a mature kind of intensity . " Their song " Monster " was praised for its use of the piano and orchestra sound and the composition for " Bingle Bingle " ( Korean : <unk> ; Revised Romanization : <unk> <unk> ) was noted for being electronic and retro , similar to the work of Katy Perry and Daft Punk . The group mixed a variety electronic music with soft rock for their Made ( 2015 ) series . " Loser " was cited for " <unk> [ ing ] a more mature style " to the group " without losing the images they had enforced through previous releases , " while " Bang Bang Bang " was acclaimed for its EDM @-@ inspired sound . In " Let 's Not Fall in Love , " Big Bang was complimented for being at " their most tender , " with the song being described as having a " lush production that evokes a range of emotions . "
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Draupadi is the heroine of the Mahabharata . She is the common wife of the five Pandava brothers and queen of Hastinapur , in their reign . Born from a fire @-@ sacrifice of king of Panchala - Drupada , Draupadi was prophesied to lead to the end of Drona and the Kauravas . Though the middle Pandava Arjuna - disguised as a brahmin - wins her in her swayamvara , Draupadi is compelled to marry all the five brothers on command of her mother @-@ in @-@ law Kunti . The <unk> agree to the plan that <unk> will always be the chief consort of all brothers and always the empress . She will be in personal union with one brother every year and may bear him a child . Anyone of the other 4 , who interrupts them during a private time within that one year , must go on a 11 @-@ month <unk> . She insults the Kaurava general Karna in the swayamvara and laughs at Duryodhana - the leader of the Kauravas - when he falls in her Pandava palace at Indraprastha . She mothers five sons from each of the Pandavas , regaining her virginity after every year . The Kauravas take their revenge when the eldest Pandava Yudhishthira loses her to Kauravas in a game of dice . The Kaurava Dushasana tries to disrobe her in the royal court , however divine intervention saves her dignity by making her wrapped cloth infinite in length . Draupadi pledges to keep her hair untied till they were drenched by Dushasana 's blood and mocks her husbands and all present in the court . The Pandavas and Draupadi finally accept 13 @-@ year exile for losing the game . While in exile in the forest , her second husband Bhima rescued her from various demons and <unk> , who abducted her . She also instructed Krishna 's queen Satyabhama on the duties of a wife . In the 13th year of exile , Draupadi and her husbands spent life incognito in Virata 's court . She served as the maid of the queen and is harassed by the queen 's brother Kichaka , who she desires to be killed by Bhima . After life in exile , a war breaks between the Kauravas and Pandavas , in which the Kauravas are slain and her insult avenged , but Draupadi also loses her father , brothers and sons . Yudhishthira became the emperor of Hastinapur with Draupadi as the chief consort . At the end of their lives , Draupadi and her husbands set off to the Himalayas to walk to heaven ; but Draupadi falls in the middle , as she loved Arjuna more than her other husbands . She is venerated as a village goddess and described at times an avatar of the fierce goddess Kali or the goddess of wealth , Lakshmi .
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St. Louis scored first on Austin 's 65 @-@ yard run , and would reclaim the ball after James <unk> stripped Matt Forté , leading to Stacy 's one @-@ yard touchdown run . The Bears would then score on McCown 's seven @-@ yard touchdown pass to Bennett , but the Rams ended the quarter with a 21 – 7 lead after Clemens ' six @-@ yard touchdown pass to Jared Cook . In the second quarter , McCown threw an incomplete pass , which appeared to be a fumble , and after Rams cornerback <unk> Johnson picked up the ball , Bears fullback Tony Fiammetta pulled him to the ground by the facemask . Kyle Long would then be involved in an incident with Rams defensive lineman William Hayes , which led to Long kicking Hayes , causing Long 's brother Chris Long to restrain Kyle , who would then be penalized for a personal foul . McCown and Fiammetta would also be penalized , for intentional grounding and <unk> , respectively . Halfway through the quarter , Chicago scored after McCown threw a three @-@ yard pass to Marshall , but Greg Zuerlein would score on a 29 @-@ yard field goal to give the Rams a 24 – 14 lead at halftime . The lone score of the third quarter was Zuerlein 's 40 @-@ yard kick . Early in the fourth quarter , Hester recorded a 62 @-@ yard punt return for a touchdown , which was overruled by Craig <unk> 's holding <unk> the Bears reached the Rams ' one @-@ yard line , but required eight plays : Michael Bush 's run went for no gain ; McCown 's pass to Jeffery was incomplete , but a holding penalty on Brandon McGee gave the Bears a first down ; Bush lost two yards on the following run ; McCown 's touchdown pass to Bennett was nullified by Jermon Bushrod 's holding penalty ; McCown 's 13 @-@ yard touchdown pass to Forté was also nullified , after Forté failed to break the plane , instead placing the Bears back on the one @-@ yard line ; McCown was then sacked by Michael Brockers , but Brockers was penalized for roughing the passer ; Bush failed to gain a yard on the next play ; the Bears finally scored on the drive on Bush 's one @-@ yard run . On the Rams ' ensuing drive , Benny Cunningham gained 27 yards , while the offense gained 48 yards from Clemens ' 19 and 29 yards passes to Chris Givens and Cook , respectively . Four plays later , Cunningham scored on a nine @-@ yard run , while Isaiah <unk> scored on the two @-@ point conversion . Devin Hester would fumble on the following kickoff , but recovered at the Bears ' ten @-@ yard line . After the Bears ' offense reached their own 39 @-@ yard line , Quinn stripped McCown , and scored on the following fumble return . The game marked the third time the Bears allowed 40 points during the season for the first time since 1964 .
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Contador took the most time against the main field out of any day in stage 13 . On this day , which ended at the Grossglockner in Austria , he and Rujano again finished well ahead of the main field . As they approached the finish line , Contador did not attempt to sprint for the win , allowing Rujano to take it . Their minute and a half time gap , plus the time bonus for second place , gave Contador a lead of over three minutes in the overall standings . Only in the 2009 Tour de France had he ever held a larger lead . The next two days were extremely difficult high mountain stages , both won by members of the Euskaltel – Euskadi team . Contador finished the best of any rider in the top five overall on both days , and so further padded his advantage . Wearing a black armband to memorialize fellow Spanish cyclist Xavier Tondó who , though not a participant in the race , died while it was run , Contador dominantly won the stage 16 uphill individual time trial . This result put him nearly five minutes clear of the next @-@ best rider , the largest such advantage he had ever held in any race . In stage 19 , Contador again finished with another rider ahead of the main field . This time it was Astana 's Paolo Tiralongo , a former teammate of Contador 's . Just as he had with Rujano earlier , Contador appeared to allow his companion a stage win he could have easily taken himself . Contador later commented that the victory , the first of Tiralongo 's 12 @-@ year career , was meant as a gesture of thanks to the Italian for all the support riding he did for him in 2010 when the two were on the same squad . Although Contador claimed that he was not going to give his strongest effort in the stage 21 individual time trial , the Giro 's final stage , his ride was still good enough for third place , extending his winning margin to over six minutes , giving him his sixth and statistically most dominant Grand Tour championship . Contador 's two stage wins and numerous top five placings also made him the winner of the points competition , by a substantial margin . Michele Scarponi and Vincenzo Nibali completed the podium , in that order , having targeted one another once it became obvious that Contador 's advantage was insurmountable . Nibali held second place on stages 13 and 14 , but Scarponi overtook him on Gardeccia , finishing a minute and a half better ( only six seconds the lesser of Contador ) , and never relinquished second place . Stefano Garzelli was in the breakaway on the Gardeccia stage and took maximum points on three of the day 's five climbs , and second place points on the other two . It was largely thanks to this performance that he won the mountains classification at the end of the race . Roman Kreuziger , still eligible by a matter of months , won the youth competition with his ride to sixth place overall .
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Several studies have shown that the spread of Armillaria root rot in eucalypt forests is associated with infected stumps that remain after an area has been logged . Armillaria luteobubalina can persist on these stumps , using them as a source of food for up to 25 or more years . In one case reported in Ovens , Victoria , the disease was spread to blueberry plants ( Vaccinium species ) via buried fragments of infected Eucalyptus that remained following preparation of the previously forested site for planting . In individual forest stands , fungal infection is usually found in discrete disease patches separated by stands of healthy trees — a discontinuous distribution . Large @-@ scale aerial photography can be used to identify regions of forest infected by the species . The species also causes damage to trees and bushes in coastal dune woodlands , shrubland , and heath communities . It can be found on a wide range of hosts , but is most commonly associated with ( in order of decreasing frequency ) jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata ) , bull banksia ( Banksia grandis ) , marri ( E. calophylla ) , Lasiopetalum <unk> , and Acacia saligna . It has also infected scattered populations of wandoo ( E. wandoo ) . The fungus has also been reported to infect Nothofagus species in Argentina , and Pinus radiata in Chile . Armillaria luteobubalina uses " an elaborate , sophisticated aeration system " that enables it to efficiently deliver oxygen into the rhizomorphs , helping it thrive in low @-@ oxygen environments . When grown in culture , the mycelium develops into a continuous region of tissue with a perforated crust . This tissue is hydrophobic and resistant to becoming waterlogged . <unk> develop beneath clusters of so @-@ called " air @-@ pores " near the perforations . These gas spaces connect the atmosphere with the central canal of the rhizomorph , to facilitate diffusion of oxygen and satiate the organism 's high oxygen requirement during growth . This aeration system is thought to be an important factor in the organism 's pathogenicity , allowing it to grow on wet or waterlogged root surfaces and send hyphae or rhizomorphs into live roots or cut stumps , where conditions may be hypoxic . The rhizomorphs have a dichotomous branching pattern , so that they split or bifurcate at various intervals . Experiments and field observations have shown that this allows the fungus to be a more aggressive and virulent pathogen than Armillaria species whose rhizomorphs branch <unk> ( where lateral branches grow from a main stem ) . Although the structure of A. luteobubalina rhizomorphs is specialised for spread in potentially anaerobic conditions , the soil mycelium is adaptive and can amplify the absorptive surface of peripheral hyphae in response to the presence of nutrient @-@ rich soil .
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Unknown to him Mercedes later becomes pregnant with Joe Roscoe 's ( Ayden Callaghan ) child , he is later admitted to hospital and loses the use of his legs after an attack from Robbie Roscoe ( Charlie Wernham ) his brother . Along with John Paul , Mercedes began to affair with their cousin Porsche 's husband Lockie Campbell . At the same time Mercedes slowly Starts to develop feelings for Joe , but is scared if she can stay faithful to him so she decides to go to Valencia with Freddie . She later decided not to go through with it and gets with Joe . Soon after , Mercedes and Joe broke up after a heated argument , ending with her declaring that the paternity of her baby wasn 't Joe . The same day Mercedes confided in John Paul about her fears for her unborn baby . Which leads them to go to the hospital to gain answers , but it is revealed that Mercedes baby had died and they asked her to prepare for induced labour . Mercedes is devastated and later goes to find Joe for support but is left even more heartbroken when Jason Roscoe tells her that he had left the village prior to their argument . She is left to face giving birth alone , but is relieved when her family arrive to support her , as she collapsed into their arms . After giving birth to her son who she decided to call Gabriel , Mercedes is left overwhelmed with grief and the funeral costs . So her half sister Theresa decided to help raise the cash by doing a naked photo shoot . However even after the money for the funeral had been gathered , Mercedes is still left heartbroken and distraught . Seeing her half sister in so much pain , Theresa decided to make a phone call to Mercedes mum , Myra , telling her that she should come home to support Mercedes when she needs her most . At Gabriel 's funeral , Mercedes is overwhelmed and disliked the flowers and music , so she kissed Gabriel 's coffin and walked out , leaving her family concerned . Myra finds Mercedes sitting on the outside bench , and <unk> her . Mercedes is delighted to see her and as they head home , she explains why she stormed out . When they enter the McQueen house , she is delighted to see that her family has arranged a mini memorial service for Gabriel . As she gets ready to say goodbye to Gabriel , she lets off a balloon into the sky and holds onto the teddy bear Theresa got her . After finding out from his brother , Robbie that Gabriel had died , Joe headed to the McQueen house and demanded to see Mercedes , but she refused to go and talk to him . After explaining to Myra why she didn 't want to see Joe , Myra urges her to tell Joe the truth . Mercedes later goes to find Joe at Gabriel 's grave , she almost tells him the truth , but can 't go thought with it , after he confessed he still loves her . She then realises that Joe has been hurt to much , and that she loves him so she doesn 't want to lose him . She then tells Myra that she will never tell Joe the truth . Mercedes and Joe then decide to go on holiday for a while to clear their heads .
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In October 2008 , Spears hired Wade Robson , who had previously worked as director for her Dream Within a Dream Tour , to direct the tour ; he announced that rehearsals would start in January . His wife , Amanda Robson , was also hired as co @-@ creative director . Andre Fuentes was chosen as the lead choreographer . However , on December 23 , 2008 , the <unk> and Fuentes were replaced due to unknown reasons by Jamie King , who previously collaborated with Spears in her Oops ! ... I Did It Again World Tour . He did the casting of the dancers and acrobats , and worked with Spears on the setlist and the choreography . King described the show saying it was " sexy , fun , explosive , and full of surprises . While avoiding such traditional circus elements as live animals , we 've created something innovative and exciting using contortionists , dancers , lighting , fire and other special effects " . Simon Ellis was hired as the musical director . The production design was done by Road Rage , a formed alliance between Nick Whitehouse , Bryan Leitch , William Baker and Steve Dixon . Lightning design was done by Visual Light , conformed by Whitehouse and Leitch . The stage was designed by Road Rage and set in @-@ the @-@ round , with a big stage in the center painted to look like a target . There were also two satellite stages in the sides unified by small catwalks , to resemble an actual three @-@ ring circus . The stage was built by Tait Towers and included nine lifts , which had a cost of $ 10 million . It traveled in 3 @,@ 000 rolling cases packed into 32 semis and a crew of 150 people was needed to set it up . There was a semi @-@ transparent Element Labs Stealth cylinder screen above the stage , comprising 960 panels that Solotech built into custom frames . The backdrops were designed by Dirk <unk> . There were three new film sequences shot exclusively for the tour : an opening video featuring Perez Hilton , a video of Spears set to Marilyn Manson 's " Sweet Dreams Are Made of This " and a final montage . The three videos were created by Veneno . Props , including swings , couches , unicycles , stripper poles , a gold cage and giant picture frames , were designed by <unk> Inc . ; they also provided custom VIP couch seating that lined the perimeter of the stage . VYV provided the video control , which included two Photon Show media servers and two Photon Controllers . The servers took timecode for the show and wrapped the images around the Stealth screen . <unk> Epstein of VYV explained , " The servers and software permits us to control a large number of video layers on the 360 ˚ LED screen , composite the layers in realtime , and transform the final output so that everything look seamless after going through the LED controllers . There is also an astounding 3D preview of the stage and video screens in the software so you can control or re @-@ program the show without being inside the arena bowl " .
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The vacant spot in the title match ended up going to Matt Morgan , who turned face during Anderson 's time away from TNA , standing up for him against Hardy 's , Hogan 's , and Bischoff 's group Immortal as an advocate for the effects of concussions . Anderson returned on the December 2 edition of Impact ! , chasing Hardy and Fortune out of the ring , before being announced as the special guest referee for the World Heavyweight title match between Hardy and Morgan at Final Resolution . Anderson was bloodied and taken out of the match by Eric Bischoff , who managed to help Hardy retain the title , after a three count made by a replacement referee . On January 9 , 2011 , at Genesis , Anderson defeated Matt Morgan in a number one contender 's match . Immediately afterwards , Eric Bischoff came out , and announced that Anderson would get his title match against Jeff Hardy straight away . After interference from Morgan , Mick Foley , Matt Hardy , Rob Van Dam , and Bischoff , Anderson defeated Hardy to win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship for the first time . On the February 3 edition of Impact ! , Anderson defeated Hardy in a rematch for the title , after Fortune turned on Immortal as they were interfering in the match . On February 13 at Against All Odds , Anderson lost the TNA World Heavyweight Championship back to Hardy in a ladder match . On the February 24 edition of Impact ! , Anderson defeated Kurt Angle and Rob Van Dam in a three – way match to earn a rematch for the World Heavyweight Championship . Anderson was looking to get his title match on the following edition of Impact ! , but it was instead given to the returning Sting , who defeated Hardy to become the new TNA World Heavyweight Champion . On the March 10 edition of Impact ! , Anderson attacked Sting backstage , after claiming that he had been screwed out of his title match . In the main event of the evening , Anderson teamed with rival Jeff Hardy in a tag team match against Rob Van Dam and Sting . During the match , Anderson took on more of a role as a tweener by turning on Hardy , before being pinned by Van Dam , following an attack from Sting . On March 13 at Victory Road , Anderson wrestled Rob Van Dam to a double countout in another number one contender 's match . On the April 7 edition of Impact ! , Anderson feigned joining Immortal , before turning on them and announcing his intention of going after Hulk Hogan next . On April 17 at Lockdown , Anderson failed in his attempt to regain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship from Sting in a three – way steel cage match , which also included Rob Van Dam . On the May 12 edition of Impact ! , Anderson defeated 24 other men in a battle royal to earn a shot at the TNA World Heavyweight Championship at Slammiversary IX . In the weeks leading to Slammiversary , Anderson tried to get under Sting 's skin by dressing up like he did in the early ' 90 's during his " surfer " gimmick , attacking Disco Inferno during his own " Scorpion <unk> " interview segment , and wrestling Eric Young , who was dressed as The Great Muta .
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Burges 's limited output , and the general unpopularity of his work for much of the century following his death , meant that he was little studied . In a seventy @-@ one page guide to Cardiff Castle , published in 1923 , he is referenced only three times , and on each occasion his name is misspelt as " Burgess " . Pevsner 's 1951 volume on the exhibits at The Great Exhibition , High Victorian Design , makes no mention of him , despite his significant contributions to the Medieval Court . The 1950s saw the small beginnings of a reaction against the condemnation of all that the Victorian architects , including Burges , had produced . The exhibition of Victorian and Edwardian Decorative Arts held at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1952 included five pieces of his furniture and four examples of his metalwork . This was followed by the foundation of the Victorian Society in 1958 . Victorian Architecture , a collection of essays edited by Peter Ferriday and published in 1963 , contained an article on him by Charles Handley @-@ Read , perhaps the first serious scholar of Burges . Handley @-@ Read took a measured view of Burges 's work writing that , " as a designer , he ( was ) apt to be aggressive rather than charming " , but he was in no doubt of Burges 's significance , writing of his best works as " indispensable examples of ' Victorian <unk> ' . " The last thirty years , however , have seen a significant revival of interest . Burges 's rehabilitation can be dated to 1981 , the centenary of his death , when a major exhibition on his life and works was held , firstly at the National Museum Cardiff , until October 1981 , and then at the Victoria and Albert Museum , London , from November 1981 to January 1982 . The catalogue to that exhibition , entitled The Strange Genius of William Burges , was edited by J. Mordaunt Crook . A much smaller exhibition of his work was also held at the Crawford Municipal Art Gallery in Cork . In the same year , the only full study of Burges , Crook 's William Burges and the High Victorian Dream , was published . In the dedication to that volume , " In Mem . <unk> " , Crook acknowledges his debt to Charles Handley @-@ Read , whose notes on Burges Crook inherited following Handley @-@ Read 's suicide . A revised edition was published in February 2013 . Other sources include articles on Cardiff Castle and Castle Coch in Mark Girouard 's The Victorian Country House . The Buildings of England , The Buildings of Wales , The Buildings of Scotland and The Buildings of Ireland series provide comprehensive coverage of Burges 's works by county , although in the last two instances they are not yet complete . The current ( 2012 ) curator of Cardiff Castle , Matthew Williams , has also written a number of <unk> / Bute articles for the architectural press . The Cathedral of Saint Fin Barre at Cork , by David Lawrence and Ann Wilson , covers Burges 's work in Ireland .
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The sound was provided by Solotech . Front of house engineer Blake Suib explained that , " [ Me ] and Solotech were asked to come up with a design that blocked the least amount of seats but provided the quality and coverage that [ Spears ] expects and that we were looking for " . The public address ( PA ) was made of 64 Milos that split into four hangs of 16 per hang . Two at the 50 yard line pointed one way and directly behind , two at the 50 yard line pointed the opposite way . Also present were 32 <unk> ; 16 per hang , pointing to the sides . Each one of the four hangs had its own equalization ( EQ ) and level control , so in case one of the speakers were louder there would be a separate EQ to compensate for any change in the tone due to the distance . All the components and tools used in the public address were designed by Meyer Sound Laboratories , including a software called Mapp , used to decide where to point the PA ; the Simm , to analyze and time align the PA accurately ; and the Galileo , used to EQ and balance all the sections of the PA . The speakers were self @-@ powered with amplifiers also built by Meyer Sounds . There were 24 <unk> subwoofers positioned all over the arena floor , and the Simm and Galileo were used to time align . Spears used a Crown CM @-@ <unk> headset microphone wearing the mic 's <unk> ( usually hidden in color matching material ) on her top or pants , she did not use in @-@ ear monitors ; instead 12 Meyer <unk> were positioned , eight flown around the center ring and two on each of the smaller stages . Spears specifically asked Suib to make the show sound similar to a dance club . Solotech provided the lighting package , including a mostly Vari @-@ Lite rig , with 80 each <unk> and <unk> in various positions , and 60 <unk> built into the stage deck . Whitehouse also had 18 PRG Bad Boy luminaires , 16 of which sat in pods that hung in various positions lower than the rest of the rig , with two more at either end of the stage . Each of the eight pods housed two Bad Boys , two of the <unk> , one Robert <unk> Ivanhoe <unk> with scroller under DMX control , and a <unk> . Fifty Martin Professional Atomic Color strobes and four front of house Robert <unk> Aramis followspots rounded out the lighting package . The lightning team had to rehearse for a month to prepare . The tour was also the first to use the touring version of the PRG Virtuoso <unk> console to control the system , which was used from the beginning of the European leg until the end of the tour . Pyrotechnics and jets of smoke used in the show were created by Lorenzo <unk> of <unk> Special Effects and Tait Towers .
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Know all men by these presents , that whereas Charles <unk> Rudd , of Kimberley ; Rochfort Maguire , of London ; and Francis Robert Thompson , of Kimberley , hereinafter called the grantees , have covenanted and agreed , and do hereby covenant and agree , to pay to me , my heirs and successors , the sum of one hundred pounds sterling , British currency , on the first day of every lunar month ; and further , to deliver at my royal kraal one thousand Martini – Henry breech @-@ loading rifles , together with one hundred thousand rounds of suitable ball cartridge , five hundred of the said rifles and fifty thousand of the said cartridges to be ordered from England forthwith and delivered with reasonable despatch , and the remainder of the said rifles and cartridges to be delivered as soon as the said grantees shall have commenced to work mining machinery within my territory ; and further , to deliver on the Zambesi River a steamboat with guns suitable for defensive purposes upon the said river , or in lieu of the said steamboat , should I so elect , to pay to me the sum of five hundred pounds sterling , British currency . On the execution of these presents , I , Lobengula , King of Matabeleland , Mashonaland , and other adjoining territories , in exercise of my sovereign powers , and in the presence and with the consent of my council of <unk> , do hereby grant and assign unto the said grantees , their heirs , representatives , and assigns , jointly and <unk> , the complete and exclusive charge over all metals and minerals situated and contained in my kingdoms , principalities , and dominions , together with full power to do all things that they may deem necessary to win and procure the same , and to hold , collect , and enjoy the profits and revenues , if any , derivable from the said metals and minerals , subject to the aforesaid payment ; and whereas I have been much molested of late by divers persons seeking and desiring to obtain grants and concessions of land and mining rights in my territories , I do hereby authorise the said grantees , their heirs , representatives and assigns , to take all necessary and lawful steps to exclude from my kingdom , principalities , and dominions all persons seeking land , metals , minerals , or mining rights therein , and I do hereby undertake to render them all such needful assistance as they may from time to time require for the exclusion of such persons , and to grant no concessions of land or mining rights from and after this date without their consent and concurrence ; provided that , if at any time the said monthly payment of one hundred pounds shall be in <unk> for a period of three months , then this grant shall cease and determine from the date of the last @-@ made payment ; and further provided that nothing contained in these presents shall extend to or affect a grant made by me of certain mining rights in a portion of my territory south of the <unk> River , which grant is commonly known as the Tati Concession .
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Bosh has traditionally played the power forward position , including during his first season with the Miami Heat , however starting in the 2011 @-@ 2012 season he began to start at center and has played the position during the team 's consecutive championships and most recent run to the Finals in 2014 . Listed at 6 ft 11 in ( 2 @.@ 11 m ) and 235 pounds ( 107 kg ) , Bosh possesses excellent speed , athleticism , and ball handling for a player of his size . He is particularly noted for his ability to drive to the basket and finish strong or get to the free throw line — where he is also proficient — but he is also known for his well @-@ developed jump shot . Indiana Pacers coach Jim O 'Brien once commented on the match @-@ up problems Bosh posed for opposing defenders : " We 've tried over the years to put big guys on him . It doesn 't work . We 've tried to put small guys on him . It doesn 't seem to work either . I don 't know if we have somebody to play Bosh , to tell you the truth . " When he was the centerpiece of the Raptors ' offense , Bosh was often double teamed , and he was noted to unselfishly pass the ball to team mates who were in better shooting positions . He improved his shooting range when he worked on his three point shooting during the summer of 2006 and showed improvement in the 2006 – 07 season . On November 8 , 2006 , against the Philadelphia 76ers , he hit a game @-@ winning three @-@ point shot with 6 @.@ 1 seconds left . It was reminiscent of the shot that marked his " arrival " to the NBA in his first season , when he hit a game @-@ tying three @-@ pointer against Houston to send the game to overtime . When the 2006 – 07 season concluded , Bosh had shot .343 from the three point arc for the season ; he improved to .400 the following season . Despite his ability to hit three @-@ pointers , it was during his tenure with the Miami Heat that he began to be relied upon as one of the team 's outside shooters , taking multiple three pointers throughout the 2012 championship run , the 2012 @-@ 2013 season and the 2013 title run . During the 2013 @-@ 2014 Bosh shot and made more three pointers than at any point during his career , and continued to make crucial shots during the playoffs . Bosh has stepped up in games whenever Lebron James or Dwyane Wade are out with injury , even gaining a reputation for hitting clutch three pointers during the regular season . Such examples include the January 5th 2012 game tying three pointer against the Hawks in Atlanta with both James and Wade out , and a game winning three pointer on March 31 , 2013 against the Spurs , also without James and Wade . A similar scenario occurred on December 28 , 2013 , as Bosh scored 37 points including a game winning three pointer with 0 @.@ 5 seconds left against the Portland Trail Blazers with James sidelined .
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Over 13 seasons with the White Sox , Pierce was the ace of the pitching staff , leading the team in wins nine times and in strikeouts eight times . He was Chicago 's Opening Day starter seven times ( 1951 – 52 , 1954 , 1956 – 59 ) , and started the home opener in 1953 and 1961 . He had an outstanding fastball and an excellent curveball , and in 1951 added the slider ( for which he used his motion for the curve rather than the fastball ) as a third strong pitch , as well as a changeup . He worked quickly with an over @-@ the @-@ top motion , dropping his back shoulder in a style similar to that later used by Sandy Koufax . In 1957 , Paul Richards noted of Pierce 's early style : " He had a tendency to windmill in his delivery , which makes the ball spin too much and takes the life out of it . He flashed his curve @-@ the Yankees always knew when he was throwing a curve . But mainly Bill didn 't want to throw anything but fast balls in the old days . He laughed at the change @-@ of @-@ pace and the slider , so most of the strong right @-@ hand hitters were laying back for him , waiting for a fast ball down the middle . " After Pierce finally tried the slider against the Yankees , to great effect , Richards noted , " Then , for a while there , he began throwing nothing but sliders . He finally learned about that , too . Even today Pierce will pitch a whole ball game and almost never throw anything but fast balls . But only on certain days . " Yankees star Joe DiMaggio was among those praising Pierce 's ability , reportedly remarking , " That little so @-@ and @-@ so is a marvel . So little – and all that speed . And I mean speed ! He got me out of there on a fastball in the ninth that I 'd have needed a telescope to see . " Richards became Chicago 's manager in 1951 , and worked with Pierce to develop his two new pitches and slow down his pace , as well as significantly improve his control ; Pierce later recalled , " I learned to control my fastball better [ ... ] Developing the slider helped me tremendously because it gave me a third out pitch . I threw it almost as hard as my fastball , but I could throw it for strikes better than the fast ball or good curve ... Richards made me work on it , and it took me about two years before it was consistent . " After issuing 249 walks in 391 innings in 1949 – 1950 , Pierce gave up only 73 walks in 240 innings in 1951 , and averaged more than 3 walks per 9 innings in three seasons afterward . His 1951 ERA of 3 @.@ 03 was fourth best in the league , and he ranked sixth in 1952 with a mark of 2 @.@ 57 . On September 21 , 1952 he broke Doc White 's 1907 club record of 141 strikeouts by a left @-@ hander , ending the season with 144 .
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In January 1942 , SS @-@ Untersturmführer Herbert Andorfer was appointed to replace the inexperienced Enge as commander of the camp . Enge was subsequently made Andorfer 's deputy . That month , German military authorities demanded the camp be cleared of Jews in order to accommodate the growing number of captives taken in battles with the Partisans . By February the camp held about 6 @,@ 500 inmates , ten percent of whom were Romani . In early March , Andorfer was informed that a gas van had been sent to the camp from Berlin . The Sauer van had been delivered upon the request of the German military administration chief in Serbia , Harald Turner . Stricken with guilt over having to play a central role in the murder of the Jewish inmates , some of whom he had developed good relations with , Andorfer requested a transfer ; this was denied . In order to ensure the quickness and efficiency of the gassings , he made announcements intended to convince the prisoners that they were going to be transferred to another , better @-@ equipped camp . He went so far as to post fictitious camp regulations , and announced that prisoners would be allowed to take their bags with them . Many detainees registered for the supposed transfer , hoping to escape the camp 's terrible living conditions . Inmates who had volunteered to leave the previous evening climbed into the van the next day in groups of between 50 and 80 . The drivers of the van , SS @-@ <unk> Meier and Götz , distributed candy to children in order to win their affection . Afterwards , the doors of the van were sealed shut . The van then followed a small car driven by Andorfer and Enge , before crossing the border into German @-@ occupied Serbia . It was here that one of the drivers exited the van and crawled underneath it , diverting its exhaust into the interior of the vehicle and killing the inmates with carbon monoxide gas . The van was then taken to the Avala firing range , where corpses were dumped into mass graves freshly dug by Serbian and Romani prisoners . Such gassings became routine , and the gas van arrived every day except Sunday . Rumours quickly circulated about the gassings , with news reaching German troops stationed in Belgrade and even some Serbians . Consequently , the gas van was nicknamed the " soul killer " ( Serbian : <unk> ) by the Serb population exposed to these rumours . It is thought that the gassings took the lives of as many as 8 @,@ 000 inmates , mostly women and children . The seven Serbian prisoners that had participated in unloading the murdered inmates from the van were shot after the gassings stopped , but the gravedigger , a Serb named Vladimir Milutinović , survived . " Eighty @-@ one or eighty @-@ two trenches were prepared and I helped dig all of them , " he recalled . " At least 100 people [ fit ] into each trench [ ... ] These ones were only for those suffocated in the truck . We dug a different set for those who were shot . "
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On the morning of 8 April 1940 Glowworm was on her way to rejoin Renown when she encountered the German destroyers Z11 Bernd von Arnim and Z18 Hans Lüdemann in the heavy fog before 8 : 00 a.m. The destroyers were part of a German naval detachment , led by the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper , on its way to land troops at Trondheim as part of the German invasion of Norway ( Operation Weserübung ) . Glowworm opened fire and the German destroyers attempted to disengage , signalling for help . The request was soon answered by Admiral Hipper which spotted Glowworm at 09 : 50 . Hipper initially had difficulty in distinguishing Glowworm from von Arnim , but opened fire eight minutes later at a range of 8 @,@ 400 metres ( 9 @,@ 200 yd ) with her 20 @.@ 3 @-@ centimetre ( 8 @.@ 0 in ) main guns . Glowworm was hit by Hipper 's fourth salvo and she started making smoke . She turned into her own smoke in an attempt to break visual contact with Hipper , but the cruiser 's radar @-@ directed guns were not affected by the smoke . When the destroyer emerged from her smoke the range was now short enough that the cruiser 's 10 @.@ 5 @-@ centimetre ( 4 @.@ 1 in ) guns could fire . Glowworm 's radio room , bridge , and forward 4 @.@ 7 @-@ inch gun were all destroyed , and she received additional hits in the engine room , the captain 's day cabin , and finally the mast . As this crashed down , it caused a short circuit of the wiring , causing the ship 's siren to start a banshee wail . At 10 : 10 Lieutenant Commander Gerard Broadmead Roope , fired five torpedoes from one mounting at a range of 800 metres ( 870 yd ) , but all missed because Captain Hellmuth Heye had kept Hipper 's bow pointed at Glowworm throughout the battle to minimize his risk from torpedoes . The destroyer fell back through her smoke screen to buy time to get her second torpedo mount working , but Heye followed Glowworm through the smoke to finish her off before she could fire the rest of her torpedoes . The two ships were very close when Hipper emerged from the smoke and Roope ordered a hard turn to starboard to reduce the range and possibly ram the destroyer . Hipper was slow to answer her helm and Glowworm struck the cruiser just abaft the anchor . The collision broke off Glowworm 's bow and the rest of the ship scraped along Hipper 's side , gouging open several holes in the latter 's hull and destroying her forward starboard torpedo mounting . One German sailor was knocked overboard by the collision . Hipper took on some 500 tonnes ( 490 long tons ) of water before the leaks could be isolated , but was not seriously damaged . Glowworm was on fire when she drifted clear and her boilers exploded at 10 : 24 , taking 109 of her crew with her .
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In 2012 , Greaves Motorsport entered both the European Le Mans Series ( ELMS ) and the new FIA World Endurance Championship ( WEC ) . Kimber @-@ Smith , Alex Brundle and Lucas Ordóñez were hired for the ELMS , whilst Elton Julian , Christian Zugel and Ricardo González were hired for the WEC . The team 's first event of the season came at the 12 Hours of Sebring , which formed part of the WEC and the American Le Mans Series ( ALMS ) ; the team finished seventh of the WEC runners , and fourth in the LMP2 category . The team then entered the opening round of the ELMS , which was the 6 Hours of Castellet ; the team finished fourth overall , and in the LM P2 class . The next event the team entered was the 6 Hours of Spa @-@ Francorchamps , part of the WEC ; the team finished 16th overall , and seventh in the LM P2 class . For the 24 Hours of Le Mans , Greaves Motorsport entered two cars ; Zugel , Julian and González in the No. 41 car , and Alex Brundle , Martin Brundle and Ordóñez in the No. 42 car . The No. 41 car finished 12th overall , and fifth in class , whilst the No. 42 car finished 15th overall , and eighth in class . Next , the team returned to the ELMS , competing in the 6 Hours of Donington , finishing seventh overall and in the LM P2 class . The team then entered both cars in the 6 Hours of Silverstone , with the same drivers that had competed in the 24 Hours of Le Mans ; the No. 42 car finished 12th overall , and fifth in the LM P2 category , whilst the No. 41 car finished 20th overall , and 13th in class . Greaves Motorsport reverted to a single @-@ car entry for the 6 Hours of São Paulo round of the WEC , with Roberto González replacing his brother Ricardo ( whom had been selected to drive for Level 5 Motorsports instead ) ; the team finished eleventh overall , and fourth in the LM P2 class . Ricardo González returned to the team for the 6 Hours of Bahrain , and the team finished twelfth overall , seventh in the LMP2 category . The 6 Hours of Fuji was the team 's next race , and they finished 14th overall , and seventh in class . Greaves Motorsport then entered the final race of the ELMS season , which was the Petit Le Mans ( also part of the ALMS ) ; Alex Brundle , Kimber @-@ Smith and Alex Buncombe were selected to drive , and they finished 32nd overall , fifth in the P2 class . The team finished the 2012 season by competing in the 6 Hours of Shanghai , which was part of the WEC ; they finished 15th overall , and eighth in class . In the WEC , Greaves Motorsport were classified fifth in the LM P2 trophy , with 99 points ; whilst in the ELMS , they were classified third in the LM P2 standings , with 48 points .
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To lead an army against the Pindaris in the hope of engaging them in a regular battle was not possible . To effectively crush the Pindaris , they would have to be surrounded so that they could have no means of escape . Francis Rawdon @-@ Hastings obtained authority from the British government to take action against the Pindaris while performing diplomacy with the principal Maratha leaders to act in concert with him . The Pindaris continued to have the sympathy of almost all the Maratha leaders . In 1817 Rawdon @-@ Hastings collected the strongest British army which had yet been seen in India , numbering roughly 120 @,@ 000 men . The army was assembled from two smaller armies , the Grand Army or Bengal army in the north under his personal command , and the Army of the Deccan under General Hislop in the south . The British plan was to normalize relations with the Shinde , Holkar , and Amir Khan . The three were known to be well disposed towards the Pindaris and harboured them in their territories . Shinde was secretly planning with the Peshwa and the Nepal Ministry to form a coalition against the British . His correspondence with Nepal was intercepted and presented to him in Durbar . He was forced to enter into a treaty by which he pledged to assist the British against the Pindaris and to prevent any new gangs being formed in his territory . Diplomacy , pressure , and the treaty of Gwalior kept Shinde out of the war . Amir Khan disbanded his army on condition of being guaranteed the possession of the principality of Tonk in Rajputana . He sold his guns to the British and agreed to prevent predatory gangs from operating from his territory . The army for the war was composed of two armies , the Grand Army or the Bengal Army with a strength of 40 @,@ 000 troops and the Army of the Deccan with a strength of 70 @,@ 400 . The Grand Army was divided into three divisions and a reserve . The left division was led by Major General Marshall and the central division was under Francis Rawdon @-@ Hastings . The reserve was under General Ochterlony . The second army , the Army of the Deccan was composed of five divisions . The divisions were led by General Hislop , Brigadier General Doveton , General Malcolm , Brigadier General Smith , Lieutenant Colonel Adams . The Army of Deccan comprised 70 @,@ 400 troops , bringing the total strength of the entire composite British East India Company army to 110 @,@ 400 . In addition the Madras and Pune residencies each had two battalions and a detail of an artillery unit . The Madras residency had an additional three troops of the 6th Bengal Cavalry . In October and early November , the first division of the Grand Army was sent to Sind , the second to Chambal , the third to Eastern Narmada . The reserve division was used to pressurise Amir Khan . The effect of the dispatching of the first and second divisions was to cut off Shinde from his potential allies . He and Amir Khan were thus pressured into signing a treaty .
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Following the defeat in the post @-@ season Halla replaced Vejvoda as head coach with Shim Eui @-@ Sik . Shim had spent his entire professional career playing for Halla and during the 2007 – 2008 season he was the coach of Little Halla . As a player Shim had 30 points in 80 games . He vowed to reorganize the team and set his sights on a league championship . The team 's general manager also hired Samuel H. Kim , then an analyst for SBS Sports and previously an NHL reporter from Vancouver , as a scout for the organization . Halla moved away from the heavy Czech influence which had previously dominated the team and filled 3 of the 4 spots for foreign players on the team with players from North America . Brock Radunske , Brad Fast and Jon Awe became the first three players from North America to play for the team . They also arranged for Eric Thurston , the head coach of University of Alberta 's team , to spend the first 3 weeks of the training camp assisting the new coach and new North American players . Martinec was the only Czech player to remain on the team . In addition to the new foreigner players , Song Dong @-@ hwan and Jang Jong @-@ moon returned from military service . In the 2008 pre @-@ season Anyang Cup , Halla finished 4th out of 5 teams . The AL increased the number of regular season games for the 2008 – 09 season to 36 . In September head coach Shim was suspended for 5 games for refusal to play . The incident stemmed from a goal that was scored as the final buzzer sounded during a 21 September game against High1 . Halla entered the dressing room and refused to return to the ice . The league considered the game a forfeit . Anyang Halla finished the season in first place with a total of 76 points . Their defeat of their rivals High1 in the final game of the season marks the first time a non @-@ Japanese team had finished first place in the Asia League . Brock Radunske captured the titles for both the most goals scored with 29 and most points on the season with 57 . Martinec finished in second place for the second year in a row in the assists category with 47 . Overall the team finished with 5 players in the top 10 in the overall points tally . For the first time the team ended the season with the number one powerplay scoring 54 goals . In contrast to earlier seasons the team did not lead the league in short @-@ handed goals , ranking in the middle of the pack both in goals for and against . They were the only team not shutout during the regular season . After receiving a bye in the first round of the play @-@ offs Halla had to face the Nippon Paper Cranes in the semi @-@ final . They returned to Anyang for game 6 of the series leading 3 – 2 . They were expected to win the series but Nippon 's <unk> scored two game @-@ winning goals and the Japanese club defeated Anyang in 7 games .
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In May 1937 , Đujić held a sermon in which he accused the Yugoslav government of being responsible for the poor working conditions of railroad workers in Dalmatia and western Bosnia . In particular , he criticised Niko Novaković @-@ Longo , a minister without portfolio in Milan Stojadinović 's government . In mid @-@ May , Đujić led a massive strike between Bihać and Knin in which more than 10 @,@ 000 disenchanted railroad workers participated . The Una – <unk> railroad was one of eight being built in Yugoslavia by two French civil engineering companies , Société de Construction des Batignolles and Société Edmond Bayer de <unk> . Đujić wished to minimize the influence that the United Workers Syndicate Union of Yugoslavia ( <unk> <unk> <unk> savez Jugoslavije , <unk> ) held over the work force in Dalmatia , and presented himself as a man out to defend the rights of workers throughout the country . The strike began on 15 May , on the Srb – Dugopolje road . After three days , it was broken up by the Yugoslav gendarmerie . Đujić then led the striking workers south to Vrpolje , where he attempted to negotiate a deal with the authorities . After negotiations broke down , Đujić led the workers north to Strmica , via Golubić and Pileći kuk . According to police records , he held a large rally at Pileći kuk and delivered a speech criticising the regency for its " pro @-@ Catholic , anti @-@ Orthodox and anti @-@ worker " policies . An eyewitness reported that Đujić waved " a red [ communist ] flag and greeted followers with a clenched fist , all while being the leader of a Chetnik band . " In Knin , Đujić and the striking workers clashed with police . The police fired a hail of bullets at the protesters , wounding three and killing a young girl that was watching the commotion . Đujić was subsequently arrested and spent ten days in prison for " insulting His Majesty " during the rally at Pileći kuk , which was attended by a crowd of over 800 people . He later received financial compensation from the Yugoslav government for the time he spent in prison . Đujić 's actions greatly enhanced his reputation amongst Dalmatian peasants , who referred to him as a " brave leader of working men " . Local authorities continued to view Đujić with suspicion , describing him as a " priest of left @-@ wing democracy " in internal documents . <unk> rumours circulated that Đujić supported Ljotić 's Yugoslav National Movement ( or Zbor ) , and that he was one of the few people that had voted for Ljotić in the 1938 Yugoslav parliamentary elections . Dalmatian authorities even suspected that Đujić was an " old Italian spy " who received orders from the Italian intelligence headquarters in Zadar , but never uncovered any evidence to substantiate these suspicions .
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Shortly after waking up on the morning of flight day six three and a half minutes early , they discussed with Mission Control in Houston the day 's timeline of events . The second lunar excursion 's primary objective was to visit Stone Mountain to climb up the slope of about 20 degrees to reach a cluster of five craters known as " Cinco Craters . " After preparations for the day 's moonwalk were completed , the astronauts climbed out of the Lunar Module . After departing the immediate landing site in the lunar rover , they arrived at the day 's first destination , the Cinco Craters , 3 @.@ 8 km ( 2 @.@ 4 mi ) from the LM . At 152 m ( 499 ft ) above the valley floor , the pair were at the highest elevation above the LM of any Apollo mission . After marveling at the view ( including South Ray ) from the side of Stone Mountain , which Duke described as " spectacular , " the astronauts gathered samples in the vicinity . After spending 54 minutes on the slope , they climbed aboard the lunar rover en route to the day 's second stop , station five , a crater 20 m ( 66 ft ) across . There , they hoped to find Descartes material that had not been contaminated by ejecta from South Ray Crater , a large crater south of the landing site . The samples they collected there , although their origin is still not certain , are , according to geologist Don Wilhelms , " a reasonable bet to be Descartes . " The next stop , station six , was a 10 m @-@ wide ( 33 ft ) blocky crater , where the astronauts believed they could sample the Cayley Formation as evidenced by the firmer soil found there . Bypassing station seven to save time , they arrived at station eight on the lower flank of Stone Mountain , where they sampled material on a ray from South Ray Crater for about an hour . There , they collected black and white breccias and smaller , crystalline rocks rich in plagioclase . At station nine , an area known as the " Vacant Lot , " which was believed to be free of ejecta from South Ray , they spent about 40 minutes gathering samples . Twenty @-@ five minutes after departing station nine , they arrived at the final stop of the day , halfway between the ALSEP site and the LM . There , they dug a double core and conducted several <unk> tests along a line stretching 50 m ( 160 ft ) east of the ALSEP . At the request of Young and Duke , the moonwalk was extended by ten minutes . After returning to the LM to wrap up the second lunar excursion , they climbed back inside the landing craft 's cabin , sealing and pressurizing the interior after 7 hours , 23 minutes , and 26 seconds of EVA time , breaking a record that had been set on Apollo 15 . After eating a meal and proceeding with a debriefing on the day 's activities with Mission Control , they reconfigured the LM cabin and prepared for the sleep period .
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To start the 2009 – 10 season , Moore was named a preseason candidate for the John R. Wooden Award along with teammate , Robbie Hummel . With a 22 @-@ point performance against Tennessee and being named the 2009 Paradise Jam Tournament MVP , he became the 43rd Boilermaker to score his 1,000th career point . He helped lead Purdue to a 14 – 0 season start , which tied the Glenn Robinson @-@ led 1993 – 94 team as the best start in school history . He was named to the District 5 First Team Academic All @-@ District Team , as selected by ESPN The Magazine and College Sports Information Directors of America , making him one of 40 finalists for the 15 @-@ man Academic All @-@ American team , in which he was eventually selected as a Second Team Academic All @-@ American . E 'Twaun had a 28 @-@ game double @-@ digit scoring streak that extended from November 20 – March 3 . The streak consisted of eight 20 + point performances , which included a career high 28 points on March 12 , 2010 in the quarterfinals of the 2009 Big Ten Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament against Northwestern . Leading Purdue in scoring with 16 @.@ 5 points a game and shooting beyond the arc at 34 @.@ 3 percent , he was also second on the team with 2 @.@ 7 assists per outing behind Lewis Jackson 's 3 @.@ 5 mark . With a 14 – 4 record in conference play , Moore helped Purdue to its share of the first Big Ten Conference regular season title in fourteen years . Moore was named a First Team All @-@ Big Ten selection by both the coaches and the media at the conclusion of the regular season . He was selected by the U.S. Basketball Writers Association to the 10 @-@ man All @-@ District V team covering college basketball players in the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Minnesota , and Wisconsin . Moore was a Third @-@ Team All @-@ American selection by Yahoo ! Sports and an Honorable Mention All @-@ American by the Associated Press . , while being recognized as an All @-@ District First @-@ Team selection by the National Association of Basketball Coaches . Moore led Purdue to a 4 seed in the NCAA Tournament , culminating with a consecutive Sweet Sixteen after beating Siena and Texas A & M. Eventually losing to Duke for the second time in his career , he led Purdue to a 29 – 6 record , which tied for the most season wins in school history . He concluded the season sixth in the Big Ten Conference in scoring ( teammates Hummel and Johnson finished seventh and eighth ) and ninth in steals . With 93 assists to go along with his scoring , he is only the third boilermaker to lead the team in total points and assists since Larry Weatherford did in the 1970 – 1971 season . He is the first person to lead the team in scoring three straight seasons since Troy Lewis did in the late @-@ <unk> . He earned repeat recognition as an Academic All @-@ Big Ten selection .
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Among the many coins attributed to the early Pandyas , are a series of punch @-@ marked coins made of silver and copper , that are considered to belong to the earliest period . Six groups of silver punch @-@ marked coins and one group of copper coins have been analysed so far . All of these punch @-@ marked coins have a stylised fish symbol on their reverse , which is considered the royal emblem of the Pandyas . On the obverse of these coins are a variety symbols such as the sun , the <unk> , the trishul , a dog , stupa etc . The first group of silver coins was found at <unk> , in a hoard containing 1124 coins all belonging to the same type . The remaining coins in the five silver group and the copper group were all found in the Vaigai river bed near Madurai . Four of the six silver groups have been assigned a date close to the end of the Mauryan rule , c . 187 BCE . Since Tamilakam was deficient in metallic silver and since Roman silver did not become available in abundance until later , around 44 BCE , it has been postulated that the Pandyan kings melted silver from the coins brought in by trade with Magadha or some foreign location other than Rome . The names of the Pandyan kings who issued this series of coins is not clear . Another series of coins , all made of copper and found near Madurai , have the fish symbol on the reverse and among other symbols on the obverse , have the legend Peruvaluthi written in the Tamil @-@ Brahmi script . They have been assigned a date of around 200 BCE and are considered to have been issued by the Pandyan king Peruvaluthi . These coins are represent some of the few instances where the names of Sangam kings appear in non @-@ literary sources . Sangam literature mentions the importance attached to Vedic sacrifices by Tamil kings including the Pandyan <unk> <unk> . This fact is also corroborated by the discovery of several Pandyan coins that are referred to as the Vedic sacrifice series . These coins have symbols on their obverse that depict the sacrifices , such as a horse tied to the <unk> @-@ <unk> , a yagna kunta and a <unk> . More coins with animal symbols such as the tortoise , the elephant and the bull have been found and assigned to the Pandyan kings . Some of them even have a human portrait , possibly of the king who issued those coins , on their obverse . There are also Pandyan coins belonging to the 1st century BCE that have symbols depicting pearls , signifying the importance of pearl fishery to the Pandyan kingdom . The excavations at <unk> , near Madurai , recovered two copper coins of the early Pandyas along with Northern Black Polished Ware . These coins have been assigned a broad time period ranging from 200 BCE to 200 CE .
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On the edition of May 8 of Impact Wrestling , after telling Eric Young how " proud " he was of Young 's TNA World Heavyweight Championship victory , MVP attacked Young and announced himself as the number one contender to the title at Slammiversary XII , turning heel again in the process . However , TNA announced on the Friday before the event that due a torn meniscus , MVP was deemed medically unfit to compete and thus removed from the match . According to <unk> , the original plans were to crown MVP as champion . On the June 19 episode of Impact Wrestling , MVP and Kenny King helped Lashley win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship from Eric Young , but firing Earl Hebner in the process . On the following week 's episode on June 26 , MVP attempted to fire Bobby Roode only to be told by Board of Directors representative Earl Sullivan Armstrong that he was officially relieved of his duties as Director of Wrestling Operations and that his replacement was Kurt Angle . From there , MVP acted as Lashley and King 's manager ( and occasional partner after his knee 's condition improved ) , while feuding with Angle in promos , until Lashley lost the World Heavyweight Championship to Roode on September 18 , 2014 , at the tapings for the edition of October 28 of Impact <unk> on the November 5 episode of Impact Wrestling , MVP faced Bobby Roode for the World Heavyweight Championship but lost the match . On January 7 , 2015 , MVP and King along with new members Samoa Joe , Low Ki , and Roode 's friend Eric Young all helped Lashley regain the championship from Roode . On the following night 's tapings of the January 16 , 2015 episode of Impact Wrestling , MVP presented the group as his " family " and officially christened them Beat Down Clan . Later that night , Low Ki defeated Austin Aries to win back the TNA X Division Championship , which he had lost to Aries the previous night , following which MVP attempted to present Lashley as the centerpiece of the Clan as well as a " founding member " ( officially establishing the MVP @-@ Lashley @-@ King trio as the foundation of the BDC as a faction ) . However , Lashley refused to become a part of this new group and decided to leave , but was attacked by the other members with MVP saying that the title belongs to the BDC . On February 6 , 2015 at Lockdown , Team Angle ( Kurt Angle , Austin Aries , Gunner , and Lashley ) defeated The BDC ( MVP , Samoa Joe , Low Ki , and Kenny King ) in a Lethal Lockdown <unk> on the February 13 episode of Impact Wrestling , The BDC ( MVP and Samoa Joe ) defeated Lashley and Kurt Angle . MVP would win the number one contendership for Lashley 's TNA World Heavyweight Championship on the February 20 broadcast of Impact Wrestling by last eliminating Kurt Angle in an over @-@ the @-@ top rope gauntlet match , but would lose to Lashley by pinfall in the ensuing title match the following week .
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Victor Meldrew ( Richard Wilson ) – Victor is the main protagonist of the sitcom and finds himself constantly battling against all that life throws at him as he becomes entangled , like the pawn he is , in <unk> plots . Renwick once pointed out in an interview that the name " Victor " was ironic , since he almost always ends up a loser . From being buried alive to being prosecuted for attacking a feisty pit bull terrier with a collection of coconut <unk> , Victor tries to adjust to life after his infamous replacement by a " box " at his place of employment , but to no avail . He believes that everything is going wrong for him all the time , and he has the right to be upset because it is always someone else 's fault . Victor is a tragic comedy character and sympathy is directed towards him as he becomes embroiled in complex misunderstandings , bureaucratic vanity and , at times , sheer bad luck . The audience sees a philosophical ebb to his character , however , along with a degree of optimism . Yet his polite façade collapses when events get the better of him , and a full verbal onslaught is forthcoming . " Victor @-@ isms " include " I do not believe it ! " , " I don 't believe it ! " , " Un @-@ be @-@ <unk> ! " , " What in the name of bloody hell ? " , " In the name of sanity ! " . Despite his grumpy demeanor Victor isn 't totally devoid of compassion — in " Hearts of Darkness " he liberates elderly nursing home residents that were being mistreated by the staff and in " Descent Into The Maelstrom " he calls the incident room number and gives the location of an emotionally disturbed girl that abducted a baby and stole Margaret 's pearl earrings , which resulted in the girl getting picked up by the police . However , because the girl was a friend of Margaret 's and knowing she meant a lot to her , Victor never said anything . Victor has also shown a vast amount of loyalty to Margaret as , throughout their entire 38 years of lifelong marriage together , not once has the thought of infidelity ever occurred to him . In " Rearranging the Dust " , Victor and Margaret recollect the days of their courtship at a party after which Victor says " You were always my first choice " , which leaves Margaret stunned . In another episode , Margaret recounts the time Victor took her to the funfair and they ended up getting stuck in the hall of mirrors for over an hour . Victor had said he didn 't mind as he was happy to stay there and look at all the reflections of her . Victor 's very best act of compassion came in the episode " The Wisdom of the Witch " in which he ends up saving Patrick 's life from his new secretary 's psychopathic boyfriend by forcing Patrick 's would @-@ be murderer , with himself along with him as well , out the window of the house in which they were trapped during a snowstorm .
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Banksia scabrella grows as a low shrub to 2 m ( 7 ft ) in height and 3 m ( 10 ft ) across , with a spreading habit . Its lateral branches are low and often rest on the ground . The small linear leaves measure 0 @.@ 8 to 2 @.@ 8 cm in length and 0 @.@ 1 cm in width and are crowded along the stems . George recorded flowering as occurring in spring and summer ( September to January ) , but The Banksia Atlas recorded the species in bloom in April . Flowers occur in " flower spikes " , or inflorescences , made up of hundreds of small flowers , or florets , densely packed around a woody axis . Quite conspicuous , they are terminal ( occurring on the ends of branches ) or on short side branchlets . Round or oval in shape , the cream or tan inflorescences are 3 to 6 cm ( 1 @.@ 2 – 2 @.@ 4 in ) high and 7 – 9 cm ( 2 @.@ 8 – 3 @.@ 6 in ) wide . The individual flowers are light yellow or cream , with the styles and upper floral parts purple . The perianths measure 2 @.@ 7 to 3 @.@ 5 cm ( 1 – 1 @.@ 6 in ) , while the pistils 3 @.@ 4 to 4 @.@ 5 cm ( 1 @.@ 6 – 1 @.@ 8 in ) in length and are curved at the apex . The inflorescences fade to grey as they age and the old flowers do not fall off . Up to 80 follicles develop on one spike , and remain closed until opened after a bushfire . Oval @-@ shaped , they measure 1 @.@ 8 – 2 @.@ 8 cm ( 0 @.@ 7 – 1 @.@ 1 in ) in length , by 0 @.@ 5 – 0 @.@ 9 cm ( 0 @.@ 2 – 0 @.@ 4 in ) high , and 0 @.@ 6 – 0 @.@ 8 cm ( 0 @.@ 2 – 0 @.@ 3 in ) wide . They open to release a dark brown oval seed 1 @.@ 3 – 1 @.@ 5 cm ( 0 @.@ 5 – 0 @.@ 6 in ) long , 0 @.@ 4 – 0 @.@ 5 cm ( 0 @.@ 2 in ) wide with a papery dark ' wing ' 1 @.@ 4 – 2 @.@ 4 cm ( 0 @.@ 6 – 1 in ) wide . Seedlings have narrowly obovate bright green cotyledons 1 @.@ 2 – 1 @.@ 4 cm ( 0 @.@ 5 – 0 @.@ 6 in ) long by 0 @.@ 3 – 0 @.@ 4 cm ( 0 @.@ 1 – 0 @.@ 2 in ) wide , and the leaves which develop immediately afterward are linear and scattered , and the stem is hairy .
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Jeffrey Brent , the past president of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology , was invited to testify about the potential role of thimerosal @-@ containing vaccines in triggering Michelle 's autism . He stated that " there was not a single study indicating that any form of mercury could cause serious neurological symptoms in the dosages that were used in vaccines " and criticized Aposhian 's use of in vitro studies and his equating them to what happens in the actual animal , arguing that " the exposure to a cell in a petri dish was far more likely to cause damage than an equivalent dosage in a living system . " With regard to specific in vitro studies , Brent argued that the Goth study was flawed because it tested thimerosal on mouse cells , not human cells ; because these cells were exposed not to ethylmercury , as the human body would be after receiving a thimerosal @-@ containing vaccine since thimerosal is quickly metabolized to ethylmercury , but to thimerosal itself , and because the cells were exposed to far higher concentrations of thimerosal than could ever occur as a result of the administration of thimerosal @-@ containing vaccines . Brent highlighted similar problems with the Agrawal study , noting that the cells in that study , like those in the Goth study , were exposed to thimerosal , not ethylmercury , and to much higher doses than found in vaccines . He also examined the Bradstreet and Geier study and the Holmes study , noting that " much better studies from other investigators could not replicate the results of either the Holmes study or the Bradstreet / Geier study , " citing two other peer @-@ reviewed papers which had concluded that hair mercury levels were not significantly different between study participants with autism and controls , as well as a study which had concluded that children with autism had no <unk> heavy @-@ metal body burden whatsoever . Brent also pointed out that , like another of Bradstreet 's studies , the Bradstreet @-@ Geier study had been published in a non @-@ indexed journal , the Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons , which he described as " very much of a fringe journal with lots of alternative agendas , and it 's not even indexed by the National Library of Medicine . " Brent concluded by testifying that thimerosal could not have degraded Michelle 's immune system to the extent that when she was vaccinated with MMR nine months later , it caused brain damage , saying " That couldn 't possibly be the case . " In the second set of the proceedings , which pertained to thimerosal alone ( as opposed to thimerosal working in conjunction with MMR ) , Brent testified , with regard to Jordan King and one other child with autism who also served as a test case in this trial , that there was " absolutely no reason to chelate them for any mercury @-@ related reason . "
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The cockpit voice recorder captured the sounds of crashing , screaming , and the shattering of glass and plates . Three times in a period of five seconds there were shouts of pain or distress from a hijacker outside the cockpit . Jarrah stabilized the plane at 10 : 00 : 03 . Five seconds later , he asked , " Is that it ? Shall we finish it off ? " Another hijacker responded , " No . Not yet . When they all come , we finish it off . " Jarrah once again pitched the airplane up and down . A passenger in the background cried , " In the cockpit . If we don 't , we 'll die " at 10 : 00 : 25 . Sixteen seconds later , another passenger yelled , " Roll it ! " , possibly referring to using the food cart . The voice recorder did record the sound of the passengers using the food cart as a battering ram against the cockpit door . Jarrah ceased the violent maneuvers at 10 : 01 : 00 and said Allāhu Akbar ( God is Great ) several times . He then asked another hijacker , " Is that it ? I mean , shall we put it down ? " The other hijacker responded , " Yes , put it in it , and pull it down . " Nevertheless , the passengers continued their assault and at 10 : 02 : 17 , a male passenger said , " Turn it up ! " A second later , a hijacker said , " Pull it down ! Pull it down ! " At 10 : 02 : 33 , Jarrah was heard to plead , " Hey ! Hey ! Give it to me ! Give it to me ! Give it to me ! Give it to me ! Give it to me ! Give it to me ! Give it to me ! Give it to me ! " , possibly referring to the plane 's yoke . The airplane plummeted into a nosedive with the yoke turned hard to the right . The airplane rolled upside down , and one of the hijackers began shouting Allāhu Akbar . Amidst the continued sounds of the passenger counterattack , the aircraft picked up speed , whooshing and shrieking picked up on the recorder , and then finally plowed into an empty field in Stonycreek , Pennsylvania , about 20 minutes ' flying time from Washington , D.C. The last entry on the voice recorder was made at 10 : 03 : 09 . The last piece of flight data was recorded at 10 : 03 : 10 . There is some controversy between some of the family members of the passengers and the investigative officials as to whether the passengers managed to breach the cockpit . The 9 / 11 Commission Report concluded that " the hijackers remained at the controls but must have judged that the passengers were only seconds from overcoming them . " However , many of the passengers ' family members , having heard the audio recordings , believe that the passengers breached the cockpit and killed at least one of the hijackers guarding the cockpit door ; some interpreted the audio as suggesting that both the passengers and hijackers struggled for control of the yoke .
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The game features five single @-@ player game modes : Grand Prix , Time Trial , Vs , Battle , and Mission . The Grand Prix and Vs modes require that the player choose an engine class from among 50 cc , 100 cc , 150 cc , and Mirror . The classes serve as difficulty levels — the higher the engine class , the faster all karts go . In addition , a Mirror mode can be unlocked , in which karts use 150 cc engines and tracks are flipped horizontally . In Grand Prix mode , the player competes against seven computer @-@ controlled racers in a series of predetermined courses . Unlike previous Mario Kart games , which featured four playable cups , Mario Kart DS features a total of eight cups : Mushroom , Flower , Star , Special , Shell , Banana , Leaf , and Lightning , with the latter four cups consisting entirely of tracks drawn from previous entries in the Mario Kart series . Each cup has four tracks for a grand total of 32 . When a cup is completed , a rating will be given based on the times and positions , ranging from E to A , then to 1 , 2 , or 3 stars . Just like in Double Dash ! ! , players received points for each finishing position . In Time Trial mode , the player must finish a course as quickly as possible by using one , two or three mushrooms ( depending on which kart is used ) . The fastest time is then saved as a ghost , a copy of the player 's performance , which the player can race against later . In Vs mode , the player races on a track of their choosing either against computer @-@ controlled opponents or in local multiplayer . The mode can be played either individually or in teams , which separates racers into a blue team and a red team ; in multiplayer , players can control which team they are placed on . In addition , the number of races played and scoring system can also be modified . Battle mode features two game modes , Balloon Battle and Shine Runners , both which also allow the player to play either individually or in teams . In Balloon Battle , the player must pop the balloons of the opposing players by attacking them , or they can steal balloons by boosting into other karts . Each participant starts the battle with one balloon . These can be re @-@ inflated up to four times . In multiplayer , if a human player loses all of his / her balloons , he / she is out of the game and turns into a ghost . As a ghost , a player can only place item boxes . If the battle is played in single player , then the match ends and the results are announced when all of the human player 's balloons are popped . In the second scenario , Shine Runners , the player must collect Shine Sprites ( an object from Super Mario Sunshine ) . The player can attack other racers to take away a Shine Sprite from them , and racers with the fewest Shine Sprites are eliminated from the game over time . In single player , if the human player is eliminated from the round , the game ends and the results are randomized .
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On the morning of the battle at around 07 : 30 , patrols of Don Cossacks from <unk> Platov 's <unk> had discovered a ford across the Kolocha river , on the extreme Russian right ( northern ) flank . Seeing that the ground in front of them was clear of enemy forces , Platov saw an opportunity to go around the French left flank and into the enemy 's rear . He at once sent one of his aides to ask for permission from Kutuzov for such an operation . Platov 's aide was lucky enough to encounter Colonel von Toll , an enterprising member of Kutuzov 's staff , who suggested that General Uvarov 's Ist Cavalry Corps be added to the operation and at once volunteered to present the plan to the commander @-@ in @-@ chief . Together , they went to see Kutuzov , who nonchalantly gave his permission . There was however no clear plan and no objectives had been drawn up , the whole manoeuvre being interpreted by both Kutuzov and Uvarov as a feint . Uvarov and Platov thus set off , having just around 8000 cavalrymen and 12 guns in total , and no infantry support . As Uvarov moved southwest and south and Platov moved west , they eventually arrived in the undefended rear of Viceroy Eugène 's IV Corps . This was towards midday , just as the Viceroy was getting his orders to conduct another assault on the Raevski redoubt . The sudden appearance of masses of enemy cavalry so close to the supply train and to the Emperor 's Headquarters caused panic and consternation and prompted Eugène to immediately cancel his attack and pull back his entire Corps westwards to deal with this alarming situation . Meanwhile , the two Russian cavalry commanders tried to break what French infantry they could find in the vicinity , but , having no infantry of their own , the poorly coordinated Russian attacks came to nothing . Unable to achieve much else , Platov and Uvarov moved back to their own lines and the action was perceived as a failure by both Kutuzov and the Russian General Staff . As it turned out , however , the action had the utmost importance in the outcome of the battle , as it delayed the attack of the IV Corps on the Raevski redoubt for a critical two hours . During these two hours , the Russians were able to reassess the situation , realize the terrible state of Bagration 's 2nd Army and send reinforcements to the front line . Meanwhile , the retreat of Viceroy Eugène 's Corps had left Montbrun 's II French Cavalry Corps to fill the gap under the most murderous fire , which used and demoralized these cavalrymen , greatly reducing their combat effectiveness . The delay contradicted a military principle the Emperor had stated many times : " Ground I may recover , time never . " Also , the Cossacks ' raid contributed to Napoleon 's later decision not to commit his Imperial Guard to battle .
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Vikram signed on to collaborate again with Shankar for I , a romantic thriller opposite Amy Jackson , in early 2012 . Following hushed production developments , it was revealed that the actor would sport four significantly different looks in the film : a body builder , a beast , a model and a hunchback . He put on weight to portray the bodybuilder , sticking to a diet of protein and coffee , to ensure his muscles are defined on screen . Vikram subsequently lost weight to portray a model , before shaving his head and reducing his weight to 56 kilograms to portray the crippled hunchback . He changed his physique by eating small meals of egg whites and apples instead of regular food intakes , while engaging in an intensive weight loss regime to become thin . The cast and crew of the film reportedly struggled to recognise the actor at times , while he also stayed away from the media for close to a year when sporting the look . Taking almost three years for production , Vikram described the film " as the toughest he has ever done " and regularly suffered folliculitis as a result of the prosthetic make @-@ up he had to wear . The film opened amidst much expectation in January 2015 to mixed reviews , though critics gave Vikram 's portrayal of <unk> , unanimously positive reviews . A critic from Times of India noted " Vikram bowls you over with a heart @-@ wrenching performance whether he is handsome or disfigured " , while The Hindu added his transformation was " laudable " , and that " Vikram wins hearts as the earnest @-@ to @-@ boot gym rat and as the strapping new model on the block , he floors the audience with his performance as <unk> , the deformed hunchback " . Similarly Rediff.com noted the actor " is truly impressive and deserves much applause " , while Sify.com added he " lived the role " . Despite mixed reviews , I performed well at the box office , as well as becoming the most successful Tamil film of all time in Kerala . He then worked on Vijay Milton 's road @-@ thriller , 10 <unk> ( 2015 ) , which featured him as an unnamed race driver who goes on a road trip through India . Paired opposite Samantha , the film opened to mixed reviews and did not perform well at the box office . A critic from Sify.com however noted Vikram " breathes life to his role and his energy level is highly infectious " , adding that " the way he smiles , dances and fight is a treat for his fans " . Likewise a critic from The Hindu criticised the film 's script adding " it 's hard to see Vikram in this fluff " . Vikram is currently working simultaneously on two different projects , with the first release likely to be Iru Mugan , an action film directed by Anand Shankar , featuring him alongside Nayantara and Nithya Menen . He is also a part of Thiru 's Garuda , where he features alongside Kajal Aggarwal .
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Delayed until 10 June by a calm and still unaware of French intentions , Nelson initially sailed along the Corsican coast , before anchoring at Elba on 12 June and sending Mutine into Civitavecchia for information . Hardy was unable to discover the French destination and , after a detour to Elba with his whole fleet , Nelson continued south . Two days later , the admiral spoke with a Tunisian ship at <unk> , which passed on the inaccurate information that the French had been seen off Trapani , and might be anchored at Syracuse . On 17 June Nelson anchored at the Pontine Islands off Naples and sent Troubridge ashore to appeal to the British ambassador Sir William Hamilton for information and for the assistance of the Neapolitan Navy in scouting for the French . Although the Neapolitan Prime Minister Sir John Acton had already passed on reports that the French were sailing for Egypt , Hamilton did not give the report to Nelson , possibly suspicious of disinformation . Hamilton did however relay the information that Bonaparte 's fleet had passed Sardinia and were probably sailing in the direction of Malta . Despite private animosity towards France , the Neapolitan government refused to openly join the British in the war and denied Nelson the use of their frigates , although they did quietly agree to resupply Nelson 's fleet . With a rough direction established and believing the ultimate French destination to be Sicily , Nelson sailed in pursuit , but light winds hampered his advances and he did not pass the Straits of Messina until 20 June . There he received a report from the ambassador at Messina that the French were at Malta . Then on 22 June near Cape Passaro , Hardy stopped a Genoese ship from Ragusa that reported seeing the French fleet sailing southwards away from Malta , and that they had left Valletta on 16 June . This information was wrong ( or mistranslated ) in one important respect : although preparations had begun on 16 June the French had actually not departed until 19 June , and Nelson 's fleet was just 60 nautical miles ( 110 km ) miles away from Brueys . Nelson decided that the French target must be Egypt or Constantinople and called his senior captains : Saumarez , Ball , Troubridge and Henry Darby on board Vanguard for a conference . Together these officers determined Egypt as the most likely option , deducing that it was the best location in the Mediterranean from which Bonaparte could threaten India . Consequently Nelson turned southeast towards Alexandria , exercising his men 's gunnery daily to ensure they were ready for the battle he planned . His plan should his force encounter the French was clear : dividing into three squadrons , his fleet would strike the French at three points . Two squadrons of five ships each would engage the French fleet directly while the third would separate and attack the transports , sinking or capturing as many as possible . Nelson also deliberately forged close links with his captains at regular dinners aboard his flagship to ensure ease of communication and build confidence between them . He later said of this time that " I had the happiness to command a Band of Brothers . "
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His family returns to Epcot , where the tension between Jim and Emily comes to a head after a drunk Jim vomits while on the Gran Fiesta Tour . Spotting the French girls , Emily argues with Jim about his obvious interest in them and slaps Sara . Embarrassed , she returns to the hotel with Elliot , leaving Jim and Sara to ride on the Soarin ' attraction , where Jim imagines a beautiful topless woman ( Zan Naar ) superimposed over the ride 's video footage of landscapes , who promises they will be together soon . After the ride and spotting the French girls once again , Sophie approaches and invites Jim to come with them , but he refuses after having a brief vision of Spaceship Earth crumbling and exploding . After Sophie spits on Jim 's face and she walks off , Jim notices that Sara disappears and searches frantically for her , but the park guards knock him unconscious , electrocuting him in the testicles with a Taser . Jim awakes in a secret detention facility under Epcot 's Spaceship Earth , where the pictures of the woman he imagined on the Soarin ' ride and video screens display images of events that happened earlier . A scientist activates a Spaceship Earth resembling helmet which covers Jim 's head and scans him while images of what the scientist calls " the real Jim " appear on the screens , being himself dressed differently and apparently part of another family . The scientist discusses Jim 's flights of fantasy and imagination that he is part of the experiment by the Siemens Corporation , since he first went to the theme park as a child with his father , his boss is in on the conspiracy and his firing was all part of the plan , and the closure of the Buzz Lightyear ride just as he and Elliot approached the boarding area , much to his son 's distress . The scientists also tells Jim that he had turned in Elliot to them , like Jim 's father had done to him as a child . After damaging the instrument panel with a medical ointment and decapitating the scientist which turns out to be an android , Jim escapes from the laboratory through the sewer . While searching for Sara , Jim trips next to the wheelchair @-@ bound man , suspects and attacks him . After realizing that he caused a scene and doubts the man 's involvement , he returns to the room of the woman , where he discovers she has captured Sara , now wearing a Snow White costume . The woman rambles about her time as a character princess and tells him how bad things happen everywhere , including the decapitation at the park . She again hypnotizes Jim with the necklace , but Sara pulls it off and smashes it , freeing Jim from her spell . He returns to his hotel room and puts his family to bed . Jim suffers with digestive distress , vomits up a large amount of blood and hairballs , which he recognizes as symptoms of the cat flu . He begins to panic and bleed uncontrollably in the bathroom . Elliot enters and Jim begs him for help , but he closes the door on him .
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With the appearance of both Ulysses and T. S. Eliot 's poem The Waste Land , 1922 was a key year in the history of English @-@ language literary modernism . In Ulysses , Joyce employs stream of consciousness , parody , jokes , and virtually every other established literary technique to present his characters . The action of the novel , which takes place in a single day , 16 June 1904 , sets the characters and incidents of the Odyssey of Homer in modern Dublin and represents Odysseus ( Ulysses ) , Penelope and Telemachus in the characters of Leopold Bloom , his wife Molly Bloom and Stephen Dedalus , parodically contrasted with their lofty models . Both Bloom and Dedalus represent Joyce in difference ages : youth and middle age . And both relate to each other symbolically in the novel as father and son . The key to this father / son relationship is revealed by Stephen on the Sandymount strand when he contemplates the Nicene Creed and the ' consubstantial ' relationship of God the Father to Son . The book explores various areas of Dublin life , dwelling on its squalor and monotony . Nevertheless , the book is also an affectionately detailed study of the city , and Joyce claimed that if Dublin were to be destroyed in some catastrophe it could be rebuilt , brick by brick , using his work as a model . To achieve this level of accuracy , Joyce used the 1904 edition of Thom 's Directory — a work that listed the owners and / or tenants of every residential and commercial property in the city . He also bombarded friends still living there with requests for information and clarification . The book consists of 18 chapters , each covering roughly one hour of the day , beginning around 8 a.m. and ending sometime after 2 a.m. the following morning . Each chapter employs its own literary style , and parodies a specific episode in Homer 's Odyssey . Furthermore , each chapter is associated with a specific colour , art or science , and bodily organ . This combination of kaleidoscopic writing with an extreme formal schematic structure renders the book a major contribution to the development of 20th @-@ century modernist literature . The use of classical mythology as an organising framework , the near @-@ obsessive focus on external detail , and the occurrence of significant action within the minds of characters have also contributed to the development of literary modernism . Nevertheless , Joyce complained that , " I may have <unk> Ulysses , " and played down the mythic correspondences by eliminating the chapter titles that had been taken from Homer . Joyce was reluctant to publish the chapter titles because he wanted his work to stand separately from the Greek form . It was only when Stuart Gilbert published his critical work on Ulysses in 1930 that the schema was supplied by Joyce to Gilbert . But as Terrence Killeen points out this schema was developed after the novel had been written and was not something that Joyce consulted as he wrote the novel . A first edition copy of Ulysses is on display at The Little Museum of Dublin .
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WildStorm released another comic book special , titled Friday the 13th : How I Spent My Summer Vacation , consisting of two issues that were released on September 12 and October 10 , 2007 . The comic book provides insight into the psychology of Jason Voorhees as he befriends a boy born with a skull deformity . The first issue of How I Spent My Summer Vacation pre ‑ sold approximately 7 @,@ 837 copies . WildStorm released a six @-@ issue sequel to Freddy vs. Jason , titled Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash , starring the two aforementioned killers and Ash from the Evil Dead film series . The story focuses on Freddy using the Necronomicon , which is in the basement of the Voorhees home , to escape from Jason 's subconscious and " gain powers unlike anything he 's had before " . Freddy attempts to use Jason to retrieve the book , but Ash , who is working at the local S ‑ Mart in Crystal Lake , learns of the book 's existence and sets out to destroy it once and for all . The story , by Jeff Katz , was a sequel to the Freddy vs. Jason film in development before the former film had been theatrically released . After meeting with executives , the negotiations ended and the story was shelved . Following the success of Freddy vs. Jason , the idea of including Ash was brought up again , but New Line ultimately decided they would put the story in comic book form and bring in James <unk> to write and Jason Craig to do the artwork . On January 9 and February 13 , 2008 , WildStorm released another two @-@ issue miniseries , titled Friday the 13th : Bad Land , which was written and illustrated by Ron Marz and Mike Huddleston , respectively . The series explores the history of Crystal Lake before Pamela and Jason Voorhees arrived . Bad Land takes place in two time frames , the " present day " and 250 years before " present day " . It follows three hikers in the present and three fur trappers in the past , each of whom is snowed in by a blizzard at Crystal Lake . Each group experiences similar events , suggesting that there is a connection between the two groups . A one @-@ shot comic , titled Friday the 13th : <unk> and the Abused , written by Joshua Hale Fialkov with artwork by Andy B. , was released on April 30 , 2008 . The story involves a teenager named Maggie tricking her abusive boyfriend into travelling to Crystal Lake , where she plans to murder him , but she encounters Jason shortly after arriving at the camp . On June 24 , 2009 , the six @-@ issue sequel to Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash , subtitled The Nightmare Warriors , began . Written by Jeff Katz and James <unk> , and illustrated by Jason Craig , the miniseries has Ash and survivors of both Freddy and Jason banding together to defeat the two after Freddy is released from the world of the <unk> by government operatives who had discovered the Necronomicon .
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Several experimental and clinical studies have indicated that aberrations and <unk> of the UPS contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative and <unk> disorders , including Alzheimer 's disease , Parkinson 's disease and Pick 's disease , Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) , Huntington 's disease , Creutzfeldt @-@ Jacob disease , and motor neuron diseases , polyglutamine ( <unk> ) diseases , Muscular <unk> and several rare forms of neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia . As part of the Ubiquitin @-@ Proteasome System ( UPS ) , the proteasome maintains cardiac protein homeostasis and thus plays a significant role in cardiac <unk> injury , ventricular hypertrophy and Heart failure . Additionally , evidence is accumulating that the UPS plays an essential role in malignant transformation . UPS proteolysis plays a major role in responses of cancer cells to stimulatory signals that are critical for the development of cancer . Accordingly , gene expression by degradation of transcription factors , such as p53 , c @-@ Jun , c @-@ Fos , NF @-@ κB , c @-@ Myc , HIF @-@ 1α , <unk> , <unk> , sterol @-@ regulated element @-@ binding proteins and androgen receptors are all controlled by the UPS and thus involved in the development of various malignancies . Moreover , the UPS regulates the degradation of tumor suppressor gene products such as <unk> polyposis coli ( APC ) in colorectal cancer , <unk> ( Rb ) . and von Hippel @-@ Lindau tumor suppressor ( <unk> ) , as well as a number of proto @-@ oncogenes ( Raf , Myc , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , Mos , <unk> ) .The UPS is also involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses . This activity is usually attributed to the role of proteasomes in the activation of NF @-@ κB which further regulates the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines such as TNF @-@ α , IL @-@ β , IL @-@ 8 , adhesion molecules ( ICAM @-@ 1 , <unk> @-@ 1 , P <unk> ) and prostaglandins and nitric oxide ( NO ) . Additionally , the UPS also plays a role in inflammatory responses as regulators of leukocyte proliferation , mainly through proteolysis of <unk> and the degradation of CDK inhibitors . Lastly , autoimmune disease patients with SLE , Sjogren 's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) predominantly exhibit circulating proteasomes which can be applied as clinical biomarkers .
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Glee has featured as many as fifteen main roles with star billing , after starting with twelve . Morrison plays Will Schuester , McKinley High 's Spanish teacher , who becomes glee @-@ club director and hopes to restore it to its former glory . Lynch plays Sue Sylvester , head coach of the " Cheerios " cheerleading squad , and the Glee Club 's nemesis . Mays appears as Emma Pillsbury , the school 's <unk> guidance counselor who has feelings for Will , and Jessalyn Gilsig plays Terri Schuester , Will 's wife whom he eventually divorces after five years of marriage and the discovery that she has faked being pregnant instead of revealing she had suffered a false pregnancy . Michele plays Rachel Berry , talented star of the glee club who is often bullied by the Cheerios and football players , but grows closer to them as the show progresses . Rachel has an on @-@ and @-@ off relationship with Finn Hudson starting in season one ; they become engaged in season three . Monteith played Finn , star quarterback of the school 's football team who risks alienation by his friends after joining the glee club . Also in the club are Amber Riley as Mercedes Jones , a fashion @-@ conscious diva who initially resents having to sing back @-@ up ; Colfer as Kurt Hummel , a fashionable gay male countertenor ; McHale as Artie Abrams , a guitar player and paraplegic ; and Ushkowitz as Tina Cohen @-@ Chang , an Asian American student with a fake speech impediment . Dianna Agron plays Quinn Fabray , Finn 's cheerleader girlfriend , who later joins the glee club to keep an eye on him . Mark Salling plays Noah " Puck " Puckerman , a good friend of Finn 's on the football team who at first disapproves of Finn joining the glee club , but later joins it himself . Naya Rivera and Heather Morris , who portray Cheerios and glee club vocalists Santana Lopez and Brittany Pierce respectively , were originally recurring actors , but were promoted to series regulars in the second season . Mike O 'Malley , who plays Kurt 's father Burt Hummel , also became a series regular on season two . Gilsig and O 'Malley no longer appeared on the list of starring actors at the beginning of the third season , though O 'Malley was a recurring guest star in at least six episodes during the season . Two actors were promoted to series regulars as of the third season : Harry Shum , Jr. as football player and glee club member Mike Chang and Darren Criss as former Dalton Academy Warbler and new club member Blaine Anderson , both of whom started as recurring actors , Shum in the first season and Criss in the second . For the fourth season , Chord Overstreet , who started as a recurring actor in the second season , playing glee club member Sam Evans , was promoted to the main cast , while Agron and Mays were credited as recurring guest stars .
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Former television columnist for The Star @-@ Ledger Alan Sepinwall expressed his boredom on the focus given on Grey 's relationships storylines while reviewing the second season 's finale : " On those occasions when Meredith 's not involved in a plot about her love life , I do kind of like her , but those moments are so infrequent compared to her constant <unk> over McDreamy -- not to mention all those seemingly unrelated storylines that always turn into a metaphor for that relationship -- that I really , really can 't stand her . " During the show 's third season , the development of the character received negative reviews , with Cristopher Monfette of IGN stating that her storyline has become " some bizarrely under @-@ developed sub @-@ plot about depression and giving Derek a season 's worth of reconsidering to do . " Also during the third season , Robert Rorke of the New York Post noted the decline in Meredith 's role in the show , expressing disappointment : " She used to be the queen of the romantic dilemmas , but lately , she 's been a little dopey , what with the endless McDreamy soliloquies . " Similarly , <unk> found their storyline in the fourth season overused , " This whole ' Oh I need more time , ' but ' Oh , I 'm jealous if you look at someone else ' angst was tired in the second season , frustrating in the third and now a total channel changer . The will @-@ they @-@ or @-@ won 't @-@ they plot doesn 't work because they 've already been in and out of that relationship too many times . Meredith is a nag and McDreamy is henpecked . " On a more positive note , her relationship with Shepherd was included in AOL TV 's list of the " Best TV Couples of All Time " and in the same list by TV Guide . During the sixth season the development of the character was praised , Glenn Diaz of BuddyTV commented that " You gotta love Mer when she 's gloomy . " , in addition to praising Pompeo 's performance . In her review of the episode Tainted Obligation she wrote " I felt for Meredith , but after Lexie 's heartfelt begging and pleading , I was happy that Mere finally grows up and casts her selfishness aside . Three seasons ago Meredith would never have dreamed of putting Lexie first , and I was proud of her for giving up part of her liver — her offer to get to know her dad was an even bigger milestone . " Reviewing the first part of the eighth season , TV Fanatic lauded the character and wrote : " this season belongs to Meredith Grey . She is the heart and soul of the show and has been outstanding . This is a character that used to be so dark and twisty and has now grown into a more mature woman . Ellen Pompeo has been at the top of her game this season . "
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The discovery of Iguanodon has long been accompanied by a popular legend . The story goes that Gideon Mantell 's wife , Mary Ann , discovered the first teeth of an Iguanodon in the strata of Tilgate Forest in <unk> Green , Cuckfield , Sussex , England , in 1822 while her husband was visiting a patient . However , there is no evidence that Mantell took his wife with him while seeing patients . Furthermore , he admitted in 1851 that he himself had found the teeth . Not everyone agrees that the story is false , though . It is known from his notebooks that Mantell first acquired large fossil bones from the quarry at <unk> Green in 1820 . Because also theropod teeth were found , thus belonging to carnivores , he at first interpreted these bones , which he tried to combine into a partial skeleton , as those of a giant crocodile . In 1821 Mantell mentioned the find of herbivorous teeth and began to consider the possibility that a large herbivorous reptile was present in the strata . However , in his 1822 publication Fossils of the South Downs he as yet did not dare to suggest a connection between the teeth and his very incomplete skeleton , presuming that his finds presented two large forms , one carnivorous ( " an animal of the Lizard Tribe of enormous magnitude " ) , the other herbivorous . In May 1822 he first presented the herbivorous teeth to the Royal Society of London but the members , among them William Buckland , dismissed them as fish teeth or the incisors of a rhinoceros from a Tertiary stratum . On 23 June 1823 Charles Lyell showed some to Georges Cuvier , during a soiree in Paris , but the famous French naturalist at once dismissed them as those of a rhinoceros . Though the very next day Cuvier retracted , Lyell reported only the dismissal to Mantell , who became rather diffident about the issue . In 1824 Buckland described Megalosaurus and was on that occasion invited to visit Mantell 's collection . Seeing the bones on 6 March he agreed that these were of some giant saurian — though still denying it was a herbivore . Emboldened nevertheless , Mantell again sent some teeth to Cuvier , who answered on 22 June 1824 that he had determined that they were reptilian and quite possibly belonged to a giant herbivore . In a new edition that year of his Recherches sur les <unk> <unk> Cuvier admitted his earlier mistake , leading to an immediate acceptance of Mantell , and his new saurian , in scientific circles . Mantell tried to corroborate his theory further by finding a modern @-@ day parallel among extant reptiles . In September 1824 he visited the Royal College of Surgeons but at first failed to find comparable teeth . However , assistant @-@ curator Samuel <unk> recognised that they resembled those of an iguana he had recently prepared , albeit twenty times longer .
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Guitar Hero and Rock Band have been considered a boon to the music industry in a manner similar to music videos in the 1980s . Both licensed and indie bands whose works have been included in the Guitar Hero games have gained further popularity from this inclusion . Both record companies and retailers have experienced increases of 200 % to 300 % in sales of songs after their inclusion in the series . Every Guitar Hero III song tracked by Nielsen SoundScan ( 62 of 70 ) saw an increase in digital download sales the week ending December 30 , 2007 , when many who got the game as a gift were playing it , and every song included in Guitar Hero III and Rock Band saw downloaded sales increase during 2007 between 15 % to 843 % . A survey conducted by Brown University 's Kiri Miller found that 76 % of the players of Guitar Hero bought the music they heard in the game . Indie group Bang Camaro 's recognition increased after their song " Push Push ( Lady Lightning ) " appeared in Guitar Hero II . The band DragonForce , whose song " Through the Fire and Flames " is featured as a bonus song in Guitar Hero III : Legends of Rock , saw a 126 % increase in CD sales in the week after the release of the game , and downloads of the song , selling fewer than 2 @,@ 000 weekly , rose to more than 10 @,@ 000 after Guitar Hero III 's release and approached 40 @,@ 000 the week ending 2007 @-@ 12 @-@ 30 . Even older , established groups such as Aerosmith saw an increase in sales at the same time Guitar Hero games containing their songs were released , such as a modest increase in download sales for its " Same Old Song and Dance " , which rose to 2 @,@ 041 from 374 copies the previous week ; a 40 % increase in the band 's catalog was seen in the weeks following the release of Guitar Hero : Aerosmith . According to Activision CEO Bobby Kotick , Guitar Hero : Aerosmith has made more money for Aerosmith than any of their previous albums . Both Guitar Hero and Rock Band are seen as new methods of music distribution ; an analysis for market research company NPD Group states that " As the video games industry grows , it 's becoming an ever @-@ more attractive promotional outlet for all kinds of industries . " The games have also been seen as a way to introduce younger generations to music of the past ; bands such as Living Colour , Warrant , The Grateful Dead , Poison , and Ratt have seen interest in their music rise due to the inclusion of their songs in the Guitar Hero or Rock Band , as well as other music video games . Joel <unk> , president and CEO of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , attributes surges in attendance to the museum in 2008 @-@ 2009 , particularly in families with young children , in part to the success of Guitar Hero and Rock Band . The popularity of downloadable content for music games has led the UK Official Download Chart to consider including these sales in their compilation of sales performance data .
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Fabulous Histories ( later known as The Story of the Robins ) , Trimmer 's most popular work , was first published in 1786 , and remained in print until the beginning of the 20th century . It tells the story of two families , a robin family and a human family , who learn to live together <unk> . Most importantly , the human children and the baby robins must learn to adopt virtue and to shun vice . For Trimmer , practising kindness to animals as a child would hopefully lead one to " universal benevolence " as an adult . According to Samuel Pickering , Jr . , a scholar of 18th @-@ century children 's literature , " in its depiction of 18th @-@ century attitudes toward animals , Mrs. Trimmer ’ s Fabulous Histories was the most representative children ’ s book of the period " . The text expresses most of the themes that would come to dominate Trimmer 's later works , such as her emphasis on retaining social hierarchies ; as Tess Cosslett , a scholar of children 's literature explains , " the notion of hierarchy that underpins Fabulous Histories is relatively stable and fixed . Parents are above children in terms of authority , and humans above animals , in terms both of dominion and compassion : poor people should be fed before hungry animals … [ but ] the hierarchical relation of men and women is not so clearly enforced . " Moira Ferguson , a scholar of the 18th and 19th centuries , places these themes in a larger historical context , arguing that " the fears of the author and her class about an industrial revolution in ascendance and its repercussions are evident . Hence , [ the ] text attacks cruelty to birds and animals while affirming British aggression abroad . … The text subtly opts for conservative solutions : maintenance of order and established values , resignation and compliance from the poor at home , expatriation for foreigners who do not assimilate easily . " A second overarching theme in the text is rationality ; Trimmer expresses the common fear of the power of fiction in her preface , explaining to her childish readers that her fable is not real and that animals cannot really speak . Like many social critics during the 18th century , Trimmer was concerned about fiction 's potentially damaging impact on young readers . With the rise of the novel and its concomitant private reading , there was a great fear that young people and especially women would read racy and adventurous stories without the knowledge of their parents and , perhaps even more worrisome , interpret the books as they pleased . Trimmer therefore always referred to her text as Fabulous Histories and never as The Story of the Robins in order to emphasize its reality ; moreover , she did not allow the book to be illustrated within her lifetime — pictures of talking birds would only have reinforced the paradox of the book ( it was fiction parading as a history ) . Yarde has also speculated that most of the characters in the text are drawn from Trimmer 's own acquaintances and family .
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In 1950 , with New Worlds on a stable quarterly schedule , Nova Publications decided to launch a companion , Science Fantasy . They chose Walter Gillings as the editor ; but he was replaced by Carnell after two issues , partly because Nova could not afford to pay two editorial salaries , and partly because of " fundamental differences of opinion " . At the end of 1951 New Worlds went bimonthly , and by the middle of the year had reached a circulation of 18 @,@ 000 . The price had been reduced to 1 / 6 with the third issue , but with paper costs rising Nova looked for a cheaper printer . The new printer , The Carlton Press , was supposed to take over production with the May 1953 issue ( number 21 ) , but the issue was late , and had to be dated June 1953 instead . The issue was shoddily produced , which dismayed Nova 's board , and printers ' strikes caused further delays . Nova discovered that The Carlton Press was an agent with no printing facilities ; they farmed out work to other printers , but were only able to get their commissions executed when they paid off any prior debts to those printers . Issue 22 was repeatedly delayed ; proofs appeared in August , and the issue itself was promised for November . Even this late schedule was not adhered to , and Carnell finally received a copy of the print run in January 1954 . The copy was dated 1953 ( with no month ) , and since this made it useless for distribution in 1954 , Carnell refused to accept the print run . While the dispute with the printers was going on , Carnell and Maurice Goldsmith , a journalist acquaintance of Carnell 's , put together a small conference of well @-@ known science fiction authors , including Arthur C. Clarke and John Wyndham . Goldsmith covered the conference for Illustrated , a weekly magazine , and the article caught the attention of Maclaren & Sons Ltd , a technical trade publisher interested in launching a new sf magazine . Carnell turned down the offer because of his loyalty to Nova Publications , but subsequent discussions ultimately led to Maclaren taking control of Nova , with a commitment to produce New Worlds on a monthly basis and Science Fantasy on a bimonthly schedule . By January 1954 , when The Carlton Press delivered the incorrectly dated issue 22 , the acquisition by Maclaren was complete , and Maclaren 's legal department was helpful in resolving the dispute . The printing press who had actually printed the issue were not paid by The Carlton Press , so an injunction was obtained that sequestered the issues to avoid them being sold to recover the printing costs . Carnell retained the copy he had been sent in January , and it is thought that this is the only copy that exists of The Carlton Press 's version of this issue , as the remainder of the printing run was destroyed at the conclusion of the court case . The cover painting , by Gerard Quinn , was subsequently used on issue 13 of Science Fantasy , and all the stories and editorial material eventually appeared in later issues of New Worlds over the next year .
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S. mesaki was found in a small piece of amber barely larger than the ant itself . The incomplete specimen numbered AMNH NJ @-@ 1023 is currently preserved at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City . The appendages breach the surface of the amber while the petiole and gaster are completely absent . Engel and Grimaldi coined the specific epithet after Bob <unk> , the original collector who donated the specimen to the museum . The species is discernible from the other species by a portion of the clypeus having an elongated ventral lobe . The broad but shallow scrobes of the antennae , the size of the head and oval @-@ shaped eyes can further distinguish S. mesaki from other Sphecomyrma ants . The only body parts of the ant that are preserved are the legs , mesosoma and head . The head is notably large , but it is shorter than its mesosoma . The head is 2 @.@ 2 mm ( 0 @.@ 087 in ) long and 1 @.@ 95 millimetres ( 0 @.@ 077 in ) wide , with the eyes alone measuring 0 @.@ 66 millimetres ( 0 @.@ 026 in ) . The vertex is covered in sparse pilosity with 0 @.@ 2 millimetres ( 0 @.@ 0079 in ) setae . Ocelli are present on top of the ants ' head , precisely located just above the dorsal tangent . The base of the antennae emerges from the scrobes , which are equally as long as the scape . The eyes are well developed and located above the bottom of the antennae . The clypeus is setose , meaning that it bears bristles or setae , except on the middle part . The mandibles are small and only contain two teeth . The antennae are moderately long , the scapes are very short but the pedicel is even shorter . The mesosoma measures 2 @.@ 66 millimetres ( 0 @.@ 105 in ) and is setose . Several setae are seen around the metanotum ( the dorsal sclerite ) and propodeum . The coxae , the proximal segment and functional base of the leg , are setose ( bearing bristle or setae ) , inflated and large . The metapleural gland opening is small and noticeable , located away from the propodeum and above the <unk> ( the hind of the coxa ) . The legs are moderately long . The forelegs first tarsomere ( <unk> of the tarsus ) is longer than the combined length of other <unk> more distant than the first <unk> . The number of stiff setae varies on each tarsomere : for example , the first tarsomere has seven pairs while the fourth tarsomere has only two pairs . The <unk> claw has a single subapical tooth and the metasoma is absent .
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In his paper , Morris described a specimen ( <unk> 7210 ) consisting of a partial skull with heavy ridges on the lower jaw and cheek , four partial vertebrae , and two finger bones as an unidentified species of Thescelosaurus , from the late Maastrichtian @-@ age Hell Creek Formation of Harding County , South Dakota , USA . He drew attention to its premaxillary teeth and deeply inset <unk> which he interpreted as supporting the presence of muscular cheeks . Morris also pointed out the outwardly flaring premaxilla ( which would have given it a wide beak ) and large palpebrals . This skull was recognized as an unnamed hypsilophodont for many years , until Galton made it the type specimen of new genus and species Bugenasaura infernalis ( " large @-@ cheeked lizard belonging to the lower regions " , infernalis being a reference to the Hell Creek Formation ) . Morris also named a new possible species of Thescelosaurus for specimen LACM 33542 : ? T. garbanii ( with a question mark because he was uncertain that it belonged to the genus ) . LACM 33542 comprised a large partial hindlimb ( " a third larger than described specimens of T. neglectus and Parksosaurus or nearly twice as large as Hypsilophodon " ) including a foot , tarsus , shin bones , and partial thigh bone , along with five cervical ( neck ) and eleven dorsal ( back ) vertebrae , from the Hell Creek Formation of Garfield County , Montana , USA . The specimen was discovered by amateur paleontologist Harley <unk> , hence the name . T. garbanii would have been about 4 @.@ 5 meters ( 15 feet ) long , greater than average specimens of T. neglectus . Aside from the size , Morris drew attention to the way the ankle was constructed , which he considered to be unique except in comparison with Thescelosaurus edmontonensis , which he regarded as a separate species . Because Morris believed that the ankles of T. garbanii compared favorably to those of T. edmontonensis , he tentatively assigned it to Thescelosaurus . However , the scientific literature has favored Galton 's view that T. edmontonensis was not different from T. neglectus ( see above ) . In the same paper that he described Bugenasaura , Galton demonstrated that the features Morris had thought connected T. garbanii and T. edmontonensis were the result of damage to the latter 's ankle , so T. garbanii could also be considered distinct from Thescelosaurus . To better accommodate this species , Galton suggested that it belonged to his new genus Bugenasaura as B. garbanii , although he also noted that it could be belong to the similarly sized pachycephalosaurid Stygimoloch , or be part of a third , unknown dinosaur .
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Most Neolithic settlements were situated on the banks of rivers and lakes in the proposed original homeland of the Uralic peoples , but no houses have been excavated there . The local inhabitants primarily used tools made of stone – especially jasper from the southern Urals – , bone and wood , but baked clay vessels decorated with broken or wavy lines were also found . Their economy was based on fishing , hunting , and gathering . The basic Hungarian words connected to these activities – <unk> ( net ) , <unk> ( bow ) , <unk> ( arrow ) , <unk> ( bowstring ) , and mony ( egg ) – are inherited from the Proto @-@ Uralic period . Paleolithic drawings on rocks in the Urals depict scenes of hunting for reindeer and moose . The Hungarian words for house ( <unk> ) , dwelling ( lak ) , door ( <unk> ) , and bed ( <unk> ) are of Proto @-@ Finno @-@ Ugric origin . Houses built in the presumed Finno @-@ Ugric homeland in the wider region of the Urals in the 3rd millennium BC show regional differences ; in the valley of the <unk> River , square pit @-@ houses were dug deep into the ground ; along the Kama River , rectangular semi @-@ pit houses were built . The local people were hunter @-@ gatherers . They used egg @-@ shaped , baked clay vessels that were decorated with <unk> , triangles , and other geometrical forms . They buried their dead in shallow graves and showered the bodies with red ochre . They also placed objects including tools , jewels made of pierced boar tusks , and small pendants in the form of animal heads into the graves . Copper objects found in the graves , which were manufactured in the Caucasus Mountains , indicate that the inhabitants of the lands on both sides of the Ural Mountains had trading contacts with faraway territories around 2000 BC . Words from the Proto @-@ Ugric period – ló ( " horse " ) , <unk> ( " saddle " ) , <unk> ( " bridle " ) , and <unk> ( " wagon " ) – show that those who spoke this language rode horses . Animal husbandry spread on both sides of the Urals from around 1500 BC . The bones of domestic animals – cattle , goats , sheep , pigs , and horses – comprised 90 % of all animal bones excavated in many settlements . Loan words from Proto @-@ Iranian suggest the Ugric @-@ speaking populations adopted animal husbandry from neighboring peoples . For instance , the Hungarian words for cow ( <unk> ) and milk ( <unk> ) are of Proto @-@ Iranian origin . Archaeological finds – including seeds of millet , wheat , and barley , and tools including sickles , hoes , and spade handles – prove the local population also cultivated arable lands .
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Besides the female being larger , there is little external sexual dimorphism in the Eurasian eagle @-@ owl although the ear tufts of males reportedly tend to be more upright than those of females . When an eagle @-@ owl is seen on its own in the field , it is generally not possible to distinguish the individual ’ s sex . However , gender determination by size is possible via in hand measurements . Reportedly , in some populations the female may be slightly darker on average than the male . The plumage coloration across at least 13 accepted subspecies can be highly variable . The upper parts may be brown @-@ black to tawny @-@ buff to pale creamy gray , typically showing dense <unk> on the forehead and crown , stripes on the nape , sides and back of the neck , and dark splotches on the pale ground colour of the back , mantle and scapulars . A narrow buff band , freckled with brown or buff , often runs up from the base of the bill , above the inner part of the eye and along the inner edge of the black @-@ brown ear tufts . The rump and upper tail @-@ coverts are delicately patterned with dark vermiculations and fine wavy barring , the extent of which varies with subspecies . The underwing coverts and undertail coverts are similar but tend to be more strongly barred in brownish @-@ black . The primaries and secondaries are brown with broad dark brown bars and dark brown tips , and grey or buff irregular lines . A complete moult takes place each year between July and December . The facial disc is tawny @-@ buff , speckled with black @-@ brown , so densely on the outer edge of the disc as to form a " frame " around the face . The chin and throat are white with a brownish central streak . The feathers of the upper breast generally have brownish @-@ black centres and reddish @-@ brown edges except for the central ones which have white edges . The chin and throat may appear white continuing down the center of the upper breast . The lower breast and belly feathers are creamy @-@ brown to tawny buff to off @-@ white with a variable amount of fine dark wavy barring , on a tawny @-@ buff ground colour . The legs and feet ( which are feathered almost to the talons ) are likewise marked on a buff ground colour but more faintly . The tail is tawny @-@ buff , mottled dark grey @-@ brown with about six black @-@ brown bars . The bill and feet are black . The iris is most often orange but is fairly variable . In some European birds , the iris is a bright reddish , blood @-@ orange colour but then in subspecies found in arid , desert @-@ like habitats , the iris can range into an orangish @-@ yellow colour ( most closely related species generally have yellowish @-@ coloured irises , excluding their Indian cousins ) .
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The first missions over the battle zone in front of Perekop and over the Crimea were flown on 17 October 1941 , either flying Ju 87 escort missions or combat air patrols . On two separate missions that day , Gollob claimed two I @-@ 61s and one I @-@ 16 shot down . On 18 October 1941 , the 11 . Armee ( 11th Army ) began its attack on the Isthmus of Perekop and <unk> . II . Gruppe flew a number of combat air patrols that day and reported 16 aerial victories for the loss of two Bf 109s damaged in combat . Gollob alone accounted for nine of these 16 claimed victories . This was the third time he had become an " ace @-@ in @-@ a @-@ day " and was the most successful day of his combat career . During the course of three combat missions , he increased his personal score to 70 . That day he filed a claim for nine I @-@ 61s shot down , two at 07 : 18 and 07 : 20 , five more at 10 : 05 , 10 : 07 , 10 : 19 , 10 : 20 and 10 : 29 and two more at 14 : 46 and 14 : 48 . On 19 October , Gollob again achieved " ace @-@ in @-@ a @-@ day " for the fourth time , claiming a I @-@ 61 at 08 : 55 , three P @-@ 2s at 12 : 36 , 12 : 37 and 12 : 42 , and another I @-@ 61 at 15 : 35 . The next day , he was credited with one further I @-@ 61 , taking his total to 76 victories . Two days later , on 22 October , Gollob made " ace @-@ in @-@ a @-@ day " for the fifth time and surpassed eighty victories . That day he claimed three I @-@ 16s , one Pe @-@ 2 and one I @-@ 61 . One day later , he claimed three aerial victories , all I @-@ 61s , and on 24 October , he was credited with his 85th victory after he shot down a I @-@ 153 . Following this streak of 37 aerial victories in October 1941 , he was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht , a propaganda radio report , the first of three such mentions , on 25 October 1941 . The following day , he was awarded the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub ) after reaching 85 victories . He was the 38th member of the German armed forces to be so honored . Gollob , together with Oberleutnant <unk> Graf von <unk> , received the Oak Leaves from Adolf Hitler personally at the Wolf 's Lair , Hitler 's headquarters in Rastenburg , present @-@ day Kętrzyn in Poland , on 5 November 1941 .
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2011 saw Gosling expand his horizons by appearing in three diverse , high @-@ profile roles . He co @-@ starred in his first comedic role in the romantic comedy @-@ drama Crazy , Stupid , Love , with Steve Carell and Emma Stone . Gosling took cocktail @-@ making classes at a Los Angeles bar in preparation for his role as a smooth @-@ talking ladies ' man . Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post said his " seductive command presence suggests we may have found our next George Clooney " . Peter Travers declared him " a comic knockout " while Claudia Puig of USA Today felt he reveals a " surprising " " knack for comedy . " He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . The film was a box office success , grossing over $ 142 million worldwide . With adjustments for inflation , it is the second most successful of Gosling 's career . Gosling 's first action role was in Drive , based on a novel by James Sallis . Gosling portrayed a Hollywood stunt performer who moonlights as a getaway driver and he has described the film as a " violent John Hughes movie " : " I always thought if Pretty in Pink had head @-@ smashing it would be perfect " . Roger Ebert compared Gosling to Steve McQueen and stated that he " embodies presence and sincerity ... he has shown a gift for finding arresting , powerful characters [ and ] can achieve just about anything . Joe Morgenstern of the Wall Street Journal pondered " the ongoing mystery of how he manages to have so much impact with so little apparent effort . It 's irresistible to liken his economical style to that of Marlon Brando . " The film was a box office success , grossing $ 70 million worldwide from a production budget of $ 15 million . In his final appearance of 2011 , Gosling co @-@ starred with Philip Seymour Hoffman in the political drama The Ides of March directed by George Clooney , in which he played an ambitious press secretary . Gosling partly decided to do the film to become more politically aware : " I 'm Canadian and so American politics aren 't really in my wheelhouse . " Joe <unk> of the Wall Street Journal said that Gosling and Hoffman " are eminently well equipped to play variations on their characters ' main themes . Yet neither actor has great material to conjure with in the script . " In a generally tepid review , Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times asserted that it was " certainly involving to see the charismatic Gosling verbally spar with superb character actors like Hoffman and [ Paul ] Giamatti . " Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle felt there was " one aspect to the character that Gosling can 't quite nail down , that might simply be outside his sphere , which is idealism . " He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama . The film grossed $ 66 million worldwide .
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The Caliph 's policies strengthened the position of the civil bureaucracy , which now reached the apogee of its influence , and especially the vizier , whom even the army came to respect as the spokesman of the caliph . In terms of personnel , al @-@ Mu 'tadid 's reign was marked by continuity among the senior leadership of the state . Ubayd Allah ibn Sulayman ibn Wahb remained vizier from the start of the reign until his death in 901 , and was succeeded by his son , al @-@ Qasim , who had from the start been <unk> his father during the latter 's absences from the capital . The freedman Badr , a veteran who had served under al @-@ Muwaffaq and whose daughter married the Caliph 's son , remained commander of the army . The fiscal departments , especially of the Sawad ( Lower Iraq ) , were managed first by the Banu 'l @-@ Furat brothers Ahmad and Ali , and after 899 by the Banu 'l @-@ Jarrah under Muhammad ibn Dawud and his nephew , Ali ibn Isa . The original administrative team was so effective and harmonious that according to the 11th @-@ century historian Hilal as @-@ Sabi , it was said by subsequent generations that " there had never been such a quartet , Caliph , Vizier , Commander , and chief of the <unk> , as al @-@ Mu 'tadid , Ubayd Allah , Badr and Ahmad ibn al @-@ Furat " . On the other hand , Michel Bonner points out that the later reign of al @-@ Mu 'tadid " saw a growth of factionalism within this bureaucracy , observable also in the army and in urban civilian life " . The rivalry between the two bureaucratic dynasties of the Banu 'l @-@ Furat and the Banu 'l @-@ Jarrah , with their extensive networks of clients , began at this time . Although a strong caliph and vizier could restrain this rivalry , it would dominate the Abbasid government over the next decades , with the factions alternating in office and often fining and torturing their predecessors to extract money according to a well @-@ established practice known as <unk> . In addition , al @-@ Qasim ibn Ubayd Allah was of an altogether different character than his father : soon after his appointment , he plotted to have al @-@ Mu 'tadid assassinated , and tried to involve Badr in his scheming . The general rejected his proposals with indignation , but al @-@ Qasim was saved from discovery and execution by the Caliph 's sudden death . The vizier then tried to dominate al – Muktafi , moved swiftly to have Badr denounced and executed , and was involved in yet more intrigues against the Banu 'l @-@ Furat .
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Garage rock was present in Latino communities in different parts of the country including in East L.A. Rock critic Lester Bangs noted that many of the elements of garage rock were apparent years earlier , in Chicano singer Ritchie Valens ' 1958 hit " La Bamba " . The Premiers , who had a hit in 1964 with " Farmer John " , and Thee <unk> , both made up of predominantly Hispanic @-@ American members , are considered notable figures in Chicano rock , as are their San Diego counterparts , Cannibal & the Headhunters , who had a 1964 hit with Chris Kenner 's " Land of a Thousand Dances . Other bands active in the Los Angeles musical landscape were the <unk> , the Roosters , the <unk> , the Yellow <unk> , Limey & the Yanks , and Ty Wagner and the <unk> , who recorded " I 'm a No Count " . On the Liverpool label the Bees released their 1966 paranoiac anthem , " Voices Green and Purple " , which climaxes with rants screamed over thrashing guitars , and came wrapped in a paper jacket festooned with the kind of scrawled lettering and defaced imagery suggestive of later " D.I.Y. " punk fanzines . San Jose and the South Bay area just below San Francisco had a scene consisting largely of garage rock bands , such as the Chocolate Watchband , the Count Five , and the Syndicate of Sound . From the East Bay in Fremont came Harbinger Complex who released the 1966 single " I Think I 'm Down " and the next year the appeared on a various artists ' compilation entitled , With Love : A Pot of Flowers . Though San Francisco and the North Bay , is better known for the more sophisticated jam @-@ based acid rock that would develop as the 1960s progressed , early on , the garage sound was detectable in a number of bands such the Great Society , featuring Grace Slick before she joined Jefferson Airplane . The <unk> , some of whose members were later to play in Quicksilver Messenger Service , cut the single " Ain 't No Miracle Worker " in late 1965 . The Charlatans , who dressed in Old West outfits , covered Buffy Sainte @-@ Marie 's " Cod <unk> " in 1966 and went on to release a much @-@ belated album at the end of the 1960s , but by then the " gold rush " had already passed them by in terms of achieving wider success . The Warlocks recorded several songs in a garage vein , often with Ron " Pigpen " McKernan on vocals , before changing their name to the Grateful Dead . In 1967 the Humane Society recorded the menacing " Knock Knock " , in which the tempo starts slowly but rises to near breakneck speed . The Flamin ' Groovies , founded in 1965 , would become a fixture in the Bay area scene , and their career would stretch well into the 1970s .
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Sega 's initial momentum proved fleeting as U.S. Dreamcast sales — which exceeded 1 @.@ 5 million by the end of 1999 — began to decline as early as January 2000 . Poor Japanese sales contributed to Sega 's ¥ 42 @.@ 88 billion ( $ 404 million ) consolidated net loss in the fiscal year ending March 2000 , which followed a similar loss of ¥ 42 @.@ 881 billion the previous year and marked Sega 's third consecutive annual loss . Although Sega 's overall sales for the term increased 27 @.@ 4 % , and Dreamcast sales in North America and Europe greatly exceeded the company 's expectations , this increase in sales coincided with a decrease in profitability due to the investments required to launch the Dreamcast in Western markets and poor software sales in Japan . At the same time , increasingly poor market conditions reduced the profitability of Sega 's Japanese arcade business , prompting the company to close 246 locations . Knowing that " they have to fish where the fish are biting " , Sega of America president Peter Moore ( who assumed his position after Stolar had been fired ) and Sega of Japan 's developers focused on the U.S. market to prepare for the upcoming launch of the PS2 . To that end , Sega of America launched its own Internet service provider , Sega.com , led by CEO Brad Huang . On September 7 , 2000 Sega.com launched SegaNet , the Dreamcast 's Internet gaming service , at a subscription price of $ 21 @.@ 95 per month . Although Sega had previously released only one Dreamcast title in the U.S. that featured online multiplayer ( <unk> Rocket ! , a puzzle game developed by Sonic Team ) , the launch of SegaNet ( which allowed users to chat , send email , and surf the web ) combined with NFL <unk> ( a football game including a robust online component ) was intended to increase demand for the Dreamcast in the U.S. market . The service would later support games including Bomberman Online , Phantasy Star Online , Quake III Arena , and Unreal Tournament . The September 7 launch coincided with a new advertising campaign to promote SegaNet , including via the MTV Video Music Awards of the same day , which Sega sponsored for the second consecutive year . Sega employed aggressive pricing strategies with relation to online gaming . In Japan , every Dreamcast sold included a free year of Internet access , which Okawa personally paid for . Prior to the launch of SegaNet , Sega had already offered a $ 200 rebate to any Dreamcast owner who purchased two years of Internet access from <unk> To increase SegaNet 's appeal in the U.S. , Sega dropped the price of the Dreamcast to $ 149 ( compared to the PS2 's U.S. launch price of $ 299 ) and offered a rebate for the full $ 149 price of a Dreamcast ( and a free Dreamcast keyboard ) with every 18 @-@ month SegaNet subscription .
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Staff Sergeant Clinton L. Romesha distinguished himself by acts of gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a Section Leader with Bravo Troop , 3d Squadron , 61st Cavalry Regiment , 4th Brigade Combat Team , 4th Infantry Division , during combat operations against an armed enemy at Combat Outpost Keating , Kamdesh District , Nuristan Province , Afghanistan on October 3 , 2009 . On that morning , Staff Sergeant Romesha and his comrades awakened to an attack by an estimated 300 enemy fighters occupying the high ground on all four sides of the complex , employing concentrated fire from recoilless rifles , rocket propelled grenades , anti @-@ aircraft machine guns , mortars and small arms fire . Staff Sergeant Romesha moved uncovered under intense enemy fire to conduct a reconnaissance of the battlefield and seek reinforcements from the barracks before returning to action with the support of an assistant gunner . Staff Sergeant Romesha took out an enemy machine gun team and , while engaging a second , the generator he was using for cover was struck by a rocket @-@ propelled grenade , inflicting him with shrapnel wounds . Undeterred by his injuries , Staff Sergeant Romesha continued to fight and upon the arrival of another soldier to aid him and the assistant gunner , he again rushed through the exposed avenue to assemble additional soldiers . Staff Sergeant Romesha then mobilized a five @-@ man team and returned to the fight equipped with a sniper rifle . With complete disregard for his own safety , Staff Sergeant Romesha continually exposed himself to heavy enemy fire , as he moved confidently about the battlefield engaging and destroying multiple enemy targets , including three Taliban fighters who had breached the combat outpost ’ s perimeter . While orchestrating a successful plan to secure and reinforce key points of the battlefield , Staff Sergeant Romesha maintained radio communication with the tactical operations center . As the enemy forces attacked with even greater ferocity , unleashing a barrage of rocket @-@ propelled grenades and recoilless rifle rounds , Staff Sergeant Romesha identified the point of attack and directed air support to destroy over 30 enemy fighters . After receiving reports that seriously injured Soldiers were at a distant battle position , Staff Sergeant Romesha and his team provided covering fire to allow the injured Soldiers to safely reach the aid station . Upon receipt of orders to proceed to the next objective , his team pushed forward 100 meters under overwhelming enemy fire to recover and prevent the enemy fighters from taking the bodies of their fallen comrades . Staff Sergeant Romesha ’ s heroic actions throughout the day @-@ long battle were critical in suppressing an enemy that had far greater numbers . His extraordinary efforts gave Bravo Troop the opportunity to regroup , reorganize and prepare for the counterattack that allowed the Troop to account for its personnel and secure Combat Outpost Keating . Staff Sergeant Romesha ’ s discipline and extraordinary heroism above and beyond the call of duty reflect great credit upon himself , Bravo Troop , 3d Squadron , 61st Cavalry Regiment , 4th Brigade Combat Team , 4th Infantry Division and the United States Army .
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Ganesha 's earliest name was Ekadanta ( One <unk> ) , referring to his single whole tusk , the other being broken . Some of the earliest images of Ganesha show him holding his broken tusk . The importance of this distinctive feature is reflected in the Mudgala Purana , which states that the name of Ganesha 's second incarnation is Ekadanta . Ganesha 's protruding belly appears as a distinctive attribute in his earliest statuary , which dates to the Gupta period ( 4th to 6th centuries ) . This feature is so important that , according to the Mudgala Purana , two different incarnations of Ganesha use names based on it : Lambodara ( Pot Belly , or , literally , Hanging Belly ) and <unk> ( Great Belly ) . Both names are Sanskrit compounds describing his belly ( IAST : <unk> ) . The Brahmanda Purana says that Ganesha has the name Lambodara because all the universes ( i.e. , cosmic eggs ; IAST : <unk> ) of the past , present , and future are present in him . The number of Ganesha 's arms varies ; his best @-@ known forms have between two and sixteen arms . Many depictions of Ganesha feature four arms , which is mentioned in Puranic sources and codified as a standard form in some iconographic texts . His earliest images had two arms . Forms with 14 and 20 arms appeared in Central India during the 9th and the 10th centuries . The serpent is a common feature in Ganesha iconography and appears in many forms . According to the Ganesha Purana , Ganesha wrapped the serpent Vasuki around his neck . Other depictions of snakes include use as a sacred thread ( IAST : <unk> ) wrapped around the stomach as a belt , held in a hand , coiled at the ankles , or as a throne . Upon Ganesha 's forehead may be a third eye or the sectarian mark ( IAST : tilaka ) , which consists of three horizontal lines . The Ganesha Purana prescribes a tilaka mark as well as a crescent moon on the forehead . A distinct form of Ganesha called <unk> ( IAST : <unk> ; " Moon on the <unk> " ) includes that iconographic element . Ganesha is often described as red in color . Specific colors are associated with certain forms . Many examples of color associations with specific meditation forms are prescribed in the Sritattvanidhi , a treatise on Hindu iconography . For example , white is associated with his representations as Heramba @-@ Ganapati and Rina @-@ <unk> @-@ Ganapati ( Ganapati Who Releases from Bondage ) . Ekadanta @-@ Ganapati is visualized as blue during meditation in that form .
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In the immediate aftermath of the flooding in Sri Lanka , the country 's air force , army , and navy , as well as police forces , operated search and rescue missions . The navy and air force collected residents stranded in trees and on roofs , and were later assisted by the Indian military . However , the lack of electricity and the damaged infrastructure hampered relief work . In the hardest hit area of Ratnapura , there was a shortage of doctors , prompting officials to request help from adjacent towns . There were increased reports of diarrhea , viral flu , and typhoid in the aftermath of the floods . Mobile health crews treated over 44 @,@ 000 residents , which helped reduce the spread of disease . Residents in one village went without food for three days , and in the storm 's aftermath , many were also without access to clean water . By May 19 , flooding had begun to recede in the worst affected areas , allowing workers to repair roads . The government released <unk> million ( LKR , $ 62 @,@ 500 USD ) for immediate relief , and also provided <unk> ( LKR , $ 156 USD ) toward funeral expenses for each death . From May 22 – 25 , the country 's legislature had reduced sessions so members could return to their districts . By the end of May 2003 , the government had allocated <unk> million ( LKR , $ 180 @,@ 000 USD ) for relief measures , including <unk> ( LKR $ 280 USD ) for each family to rebuild houses . The Sri Lankan government also set up a four @-@ person task force to manage flood relief . The local Red Cross chapter utilized emergency supplies to distribute 10 @,@ 000 food packages while also deploying trained volunteers to assist in the disaster areas . The Red Cross ultimately distributed about 26 @,@ 000 loaves of bread , 862 kg ( 1 @,@ 900 lb ) of sugar , and 1 @,@ 775 kg ( 3 @,@ 913 lb ) of rice , among other supplies . By May 20 , the Sri Lankan air force had distributed 35 tons of food , using eight helicopters to airdrop parcels . Red Cross workers cleaned hundreds of contaminated wells in the region , thereby restoring clean water access ; this task was finished by August . By May 16 , or nine days after the floods began , power was restored to about 95 % of areas , and roads were gradually rebuilt . Road access to most villages was restored by May 26 , with the exception of Matara . There , the ongoing floods prompted officials to close schools to reduce the spread of disease . After the floods largely subsided , the World Socialist Web Site criticized the Sri Lankan government for not having better disaster management in place , as well as noting that deforestation and gem mining contributed to the landslides . A Red Cross report in August 2003 noted the swift work to bring relief to the affected citizens , while also commenting that the floods displayed the country 's problems with disaster mitigation .
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On Cybertron Cyclonus , dispatched from the Dead Universe on a mission to activate the Nega @-@ Core , inadvertently alerts the Autobots to his presence , but is still able to activate the Core , as well as its lethal guardian Thunderwing . On Garrus @-@ 9 Prime calls in the Wreckers to deal with the escalating situation as Nemesis Prime leads the forces of the Dead Universe from the <unk> expanse . Meanwhile , Hardhead accompanies Nightbeat to Gorlam Prime in an attempt to find his missing memories . Attacked by <unk> , Nightbeat is taken control of by Jhiaxus and Hardhead reluctantly eliminates him , before disappearing into the dimensional portal . A furious Nemesis Prime realizes he must do Nightbeat 's job of eliminating Optimus Prime personally . The Wrecker 's assault on Thunderwing proves futile , while Arcee teams up with Banzai @-@ Tron to track down the escaped Monstructor , and Jetfire prepares to use Thunderwing 's technology to enable other Autobots to survive the effects of the <unk> expanse . Dealer 's attempt to retrieve the Magnificence for himself backfires when a suspicious Hot Rod uses it to confirm his doubts about Dealer , who is promptly killed . Hot Rod then uses the Magnificence to locate the other Nega @-@ Cores and their guardians , ( Sixshot and Monstructor ) , and passes the information on . Jetfire then formulates a plan to override Jhiaxus ' control of them via taking over their mental link . Nemesis Prime attacks Optimus on Garrus @-@ 9 personally , but is betrayed and killed by Galvatron , who is then tossed into a solar pool by Prime . Jetfire 's plan works , as Cloudburst 's team , now equipped with Thunderwing 's technology , is able to dispose of the Nega @-@ Cores in the Dead Universe , closing it off completely . Jhiaxus is hunted down on Gorlam Prime by Arcee and Hardhead ( now undead like the Dead Universe 's inhabitants ) , where his immortality means Arcee can kill him over and over . On Earth , Sideswipe , having beaten <unk> and Grindcore , decides he has proven himself and leaves without Sunstreaker . Over the following years , Gorlam Prime evolves into a new Cybertron , and its inhabitants evolve into beings like Transformers . But on Garrus @-@ 9 , Galvatron still lives within the solar pool . In the aftermath of this , the former Decepticon assassin Drift , his outlook changed by meeting the legendary third faction of Cybertronians , attempts to rescue Autobot captives from a Decepticon ship , and ends up crossing path with Kup and the Wreckers . An impressed Kup , believing everyone deserves a second chance , offers him a spot on his new commando squad .
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In the immediate aftermath of the flooding in Sri Lanka , the country 's air force , army , and navy , as well as police forces , operated search and rescue missions . The navy and air force collected residents stranded in trees and on roofs , and were later assisted by the Indian military . However , the lack of electricity and the damaged infrastructure hampered relief work . In the hardest hit area of Ratnapura , there was a shortage of doctors , prompting officials to request help from adjacent towns . There were increased reports of diarrhea , viral flu , and typhoid in the aftermath of the floods . Mobile health crews treated over 44 @,@ 000 residents , which helped reduce the spread of disease . Residents in one village went without food for three days , and in the storm 's aftermath , many were also without access to clean water . By May 19 , flooding had begun to recede in the worst affected areas , allowing workers to repair roads . The government released <unk> million ( LKR , $ 62 @,@ 500 USD ) for immediate relief , and also provided <unk> ( LKR , $ 156 USD ) toward funeral expenses for each death . From May 22 – 25 , the country 's legislature had reduced sessions so members could return to their districts . By the end of May 2003 , the government had allocated <unk> million ( LKR , $ 180 @,@ 000 USD ) for relief measures , including <unk> ( LKR $ 280 USD ) for each family to rebuild houses . The Sri Lankan government also set up a four @-@ person task force to manage flood relief . The local Red Cross chapter utilized emergency supplies to distribute 10 @,@ 000 food packages while also deploying trained volunteers to assist in the disaster areas . The Red Cross ultimately distributed about 26 @,@ 000 loaves of bread , 862 kg ( 1 @,@ 900 lb ) of sugar , and 1 @,@ 775 kg ( 3 @,@ 913 lb ) of rice , among other supplies . By May 20 , the Sri Lankan air force had distributed 35 tons of food , using eight helicopters to airdrop parcels . Red Cross workers cleaned hundreds of contaminated wells in the region , thereby restoring clean water access ; this task was finished by August . By May 16 , or nine days after the floods began , power was restored to about 95 % of areas , and roads were gradually rebuilt . Road access to most villages was restored by May 26 , with the exception of Matara . There , the ongoing floods prompted officials to close schools to reduce the spread of disease . After the floods largely subsided , the World Socialist Web Site criticized the Sri Lankan government for not having better disaster management in place , as well as noting that deforestation and gem mining contributed to the landslides . A Red Cross report in August 2003 noted the swift work to bring relief to the affected citizens , while also commenting that the floods displayed the country 's problems with disaster mitigation .
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In September , the Corps reached its peak of 11 @,@ 197 members . Several skirmishes occurred between the 1st Regiment and the Partisans in the Zvornik and Valjevo areas that month . On 7 / 8 September , the 2nd Regiment fought Partisans at the Ibar River , trying to deny them crossing . On 9 September , elements of the 3rd Regiment moved to Požega and on 11 September to Čačak . On 20 September , the 1st Regiment fought a group of Partisans south of Loznica . Major combat between the 1st Regiment and Partisans erupted in Loznica itself on 23 September , causing the regiment to fall back to Šabac with losses of 7 killed and 23 wounded . Combat continued daily throughout September with the 1st Regiment suffering up to 53 casualties per day . On 8 October , the 2nd Regiment headquarters in Požarevac were evacuated as Soviet armour approached the town . As parts of the regiment moved towards Belgrade and <unk> , the force came into contact with Soviet troops and armour in the <unk> area south of Belgrade , sustaining heavy casualties . On 10 October the Russian Corps was renamed the " Russian Corps in Serbia " . Elements of the 2nd Regiment arrived in Šabac on 22 October , then moved to Sremska Mitrovica on 23 October , Vukovar on 25 October , Osijek on 26 October and then to Vinkovci and Stari Jankovci on 28 October . Further parts of the regiment moved to Zemun on 13 October , Ruma on 14 October , Vinkovci on 16 October , and Stari Jankovci on 24 October . On 19 – 22 October , the 4th Regiment fought advancing Soviet troops and Partisans and defended the Čačak @-@ Kraljevo road . On 23 October , the 1st Regiment abandoned Šabac and <unk> and moved to <unk> , and then to Tovarnik on 24 October where they were ordered to hold their ground . The 4th Regiment fought in the Čačak area from 27 October to 2 November . It faced the Red Army and the Chetnik 2nd Ravna Gora Corps before being overpowered and forced to abandon the city . The Chetniks captured 339 of its soldiers and turned them over to the Soviets . On 12 November , the 1st Regiment moved via railway through Vinkovci to Brčko , with elements deployed in Gunja . On 8 December it regrouped north of the Sava and on 11 – 13 December it fought the Partisans in and near the village of Vrbanja , killing forty @-@ three . The 4th Regiment arrived in Sarajevo on 13 – 18 December . Elements subsequently moved to Kiseljak on 18 December , fighting Partisans in the Kiseljak @-@ <unk> area on 26 – 27 December . During this time , the 1st Regiment and a battalion of the 2nd Regiment guarded a bridgehead north of Brčko in order to allow German forces that were stationed in Greece to withdraw through the town .
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In Birth by Sleep , Aqua apprentices in the Land of Departure where potential Keyblade Masters study to receive their " Mark of Mastery " . Training alongside Aqua are her friends Terra and Ventus . Aqua takes the Mark of Mastery exam along with Terra and becomes a Keyblade Master . When Xehanort goes missing , their teacher Eraqus instructs Terra and Aqua to find him while also protecting the worlds they visit from creatures known as the Unversed . Following Terra 's departure , Eraqus asks Aqua to watch over Terra to see if he succumbs to his inner darkness and also bring back Ventus who has suddenly left the world . As she travels across the worlds , Aqua starts to question Terra 's actions in the worlds , while Ventus decides not to return home until Terra is safe . When Aqua meets Yen Sid , an acquaintance of Eraqus , Aqua is told that the latter was killed by Xehanort with Terra 's assistance . Aqua then goes to the Keyblade Graveyard to face confront Terra . He explains to Aqua how Xehanort tricked him into fighting Eraqus , while Ventus reveals that Xehanort plans to use him and his apprentice Vanitas to create the ultimate weapon , a Keyblade known as the χ @-@ blade . The three are then confronted by Xehanort and Vanitas , and proceed to battle . While Terra goes to battle Xehanort , Vanitas takes possession of Ventus ' body to create the χ @-@ blade . With help from King Mickey , Yen Sid 's student , Aqua fights the possessed Ventus until the χ @-@ blade explodes . After learning that Ventus has lost his heart , Aqua locks his catatonic body in Castle Oblivion created from the ruins of the Land of the Departure with Eraqus 's Keyblade . Aqua then tracks Terra to the Radiant Garden , only to find that he has been possessed by Xehanort . In the ensuing battle , Terra 's presence manifests , causing Xehanort to unlock his own heart in the internal struggle , and having lost his essence that makes him a whole person , he falls into the Realm of Darkness . However , Aqua saves Terra 's heart by sending her armor and Keyblade with him back to Radiant Garden . But Aqua ends up trapped in the nexus of the darkness in people 's hearts called the Realm of Darkness . Sometime after the events of Kingdom Hearts II , she meets Ansem the Wise , the former ruler of Radiant Garden , at the shores of the Dark Margin , a black moon @-@ lit ocean in the Realm of Darkness , and learns about the events that occurred in her absence regarding Sora , the new Keyblade bearer . Upon hearing Sora 's name and recognizing it as the name of the little boy she met on Destiny Islands who now possesses Ventus ' heart , Aqua sheds a tear and utters Sora 's name with renewed hope .
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Nearby there are campgrounds available , and a point of information regarding the crossing of Poplar River . The area is rich in history , this is the Big Muddy Badlands area which featured the hideouts of outlaws and rum runners of the nineteenth and early twentieth century . This area remained above the Quaternary age ice sheets , being pushed and folded by the glacier movement resulting in <unk> hills . The highway winds up , down and around these hills along the way . The Big Muddy Badlands are within the Missouri Coteau . At km 12 @.@ 2 the highway reaches <unk> , and the intersection with Highway 18 . Access to Wood Mountain Post Provincial Historical Park is obtained by following Highway 18 north for 17 @.@ 4 kilometres ( 10 @.@ 8 mi ) . This section of Highway 2 begins as a Class 4 highway and is under the jurisdiction of the Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation ( <unk> ) South West Transportation Planning Council . The highway is a secondary weight highway with a thin membrane surface type as it only has an average of 390 vehicles per day ( vpd ) according to the 2007 Average Annual Daily Traffic ( AADT ) count which was taken north of Rockglen . Highway 2 begins a concurrency with Highway 18 in a northeasterly direction . Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures , hay and fodder crops and spring wheat are the main crops in Old Post rural municipality ( RM ) . There is a point of information at km 42 @.@ 3 . This area is known as the Wood Mountain Uplands where there are mining endeavours undertaken such as coal , bentonite , <unk> and ceramic clays . Paleontological digs have uncovered a 63 @-@ million @-@ year @-@ old sea turtle which has been excavated in the <unk> region . Rockglen is located at km 49 @.@ 7 , and Highway 2 now extends in a northerly direction again . Rockglen ( Population 450 in 2001 and 360 in 2006 ) and Assiniboia ( 2 @,@ 483 in 2001 and 2 @,@ 305 in 2006 ) are the two largest centers between the border and the city of Moose Jaw . This geographical region of Highway 2 from Rockglen to Assiniboia has been upgraded to a Class 3 highway as it carries approximately 800 vehicles per day counted to the south of Assiniboia . Therefore , the surface type before Assiniboia is a granular road surface which is a structural pavement with a hot mix surface coating . The highway type , surface , maintenance and construction projects are looked after by the SHS South Central Traffic Planning Committee . Fife Lake is located to the north east of the highway . The St. Victor Petroglyph Historic Park is located just to the west of Highway 2 by 10 @.@ 4 kilometres ( 6 @.@ 5 mi ) . These unique petroglyph features carved into the sandstone are slowly disappearing .
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Polymath personalities – that is , people knowledgeable across an encyclopaedic range of topics – such as Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) and Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) embodied the spirit of early empirical science and technology in the Song era . Shen is famous for discovering the concept of true north and magnetic declination towards the North Pole by calculating a more accurate measurement of the astronomical meridian , and fixed the calculated position of the pole star that had shifted over the centuries . This allowed sailors to navigate the seas more accurately with the magnetic needle compass , also first described by Shen . Shen was made famous for his written description of Bi Sheng , the inventor of movable type printing . Shen was also interested in geology , as he formulated a theory of geomorphology and climate change over time after making observations of strange natural phenomena . Using contemporary knowledge of solar eclipses and lunar eclipses , he theorized that the sun and moon were spherical in shape , not flat , while expanding upon the reasoning of earlier Chinese astronomical theorists . Along with his colleague Wei Pu in the Bureau of Astronomy , Shen used cosmological hypotheses when describing the variations of planetary motion , including retrogradation . One of Shen 's greatest achievements , aided by Wei Pu , was correcting the lunar error by diligently recording and plotting the moon 's orbital path three times a night over a period of five years . Unfortunately Shen had many political rivals at court who were determined to sabotage his work . The court fully accepted their corrections to lunar and solar error , but only partially adopted Shen and Wei 's corrected plotting of the planetary orbital paths and various speeds . Su Song , one of Shen Kuo 's political rivals at court , wrote a famous pharmaceutical treatise in 1070 known as the Bencao <unk> , which included related subjects on botany , zoology , metallurgy , and mineralogy . This treatise included many medicinal applications , including the use of <unk> as a pharmaceutical drug . He also was the author of a large celestial atlas of five different star maps , and his extensive written and illustrative work in cartography helped solve a heated border dispute between the Song dynasty and its Khitan neighbor of the Liao dynasty . However , Su was most famous for his hydraulic @-@ powered astronomical clock tower , crowned with a mechanically driven armillary sphere , which was erected in the capital city of Kaifeng in the year 1088 . Su 's clock tower employed the escapement mechanism two centuries before it was applied in clocks of Europe . Su 's clock tower also featured the earliest known endless power @-@ transmitting chain drive in the world , as outlined in his horological treatise of 1092 . The cases of these two men display the eagerness of the Song in drafting highly skilled officials who were knowledgeable in the various sciences which could ultimately benefit the administration , the military , the economy , and the people .
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The Alchi Sumtseg in the Alchi complex is one of the most outstanding , but its purpose is not clearly established . The Sumtseg ( <unk> @-@ <unk> ) means a three storied building , though small , was built with loam and natural stone ( reflected in the bland exterior ) in the Tibetan building tradition . However , the luxuriant woodwork columns , facades , walls , clay images and paintings in the interior of the monastery were made by Kashmiri artists . The sanctum in the ground floor and the first floor measures 5 @.@ 4 metres ( 18 ft ) <unk> metres ( 19 ft ) with the niches of 2 @.@ 1 – 2 @.@ 7 metres ( 6 @.@ 9 – 8 @.@ 9 ft ) width and 4 metres ( 13 ft ) height ( niches in the main wall are larger in size vis @-@ a @-@ vis the side walls ) . The niches depict the main images of three Bodhisattvas ( all in standing posture and about 4 metres ( 13 ft ) in height ) and its associate secondary deities ( four in each niche ) with two flying goddesses in each niche . Except for the main wooden door on the top floor , which is dilapidated , the rest of the Sumtseg is well preserved in its original form , as built in the early 13th century . The second floor of the building is more in the form of a balcony with a lantern mounting . Image of Maitreya , the largest in size ( 4 @.@ 63 metres ( 15 @.@ 2 ft ) ) , is deified on the back wall and flanked by the images of Avalokiteshwara to its right and Manjushri to its left . An interesting aspect of the elegant drapery ( dhotis ) worn by the deities is the display of different themes printed in different textile patterns ; Maitreya 's dhoti depicts the life of Buddha , the <unk> 's dhoti shows holy places and royal palaces and Manjushri 's dhoti has adepts ( of 84 Mahasiddhas ) printed on it . <unk> , the deities have a single head with four arms but differently portrayed . Each deity is identified to a different Buddha . Maitreya has a five Buddha crown representing <unk> . Avalokiteshwara 's crown represents Amitabha and Manjushri 's crown represents Akshobhya . An inscription in the main niche states that the three images are reliquaries representing body , speech and mind @-@ compared to the three bodies of the Buddha @-@ namely , Maitreya denoting the Buddha body of reality , <unk> representing pure rapture and Manjushri representing <unk> body . In simple terms , they represent the Buddhist concepts of Compassion , Hope and Wisdom .
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Saturday afternoon 's qualifying session lasted for an hour . Each driver was limited to twelve laps , with the grid order decided by the drivers ' fastest laps . During this session the 107 % rule was in effect , requiring each driver to remain within 107 % of the fastest lap time to qualify for the race . The session was held in sunny and hot conditions , with the ambient temperature 21 ° C ( 70 ° F ) and the track temperature between 22 to 26 ° C ( 72 to 79 ° F ) . Michael Schumacher clinched the first pole position of the season and the 24th of his career , with a time of 1 : 20 @.@ 974 on his second run . He was joined on the front row of the grid by Häkkinen who set a lap 0 @.@ 076 seconds slower in the closing seconds of qualifying . Barrichello qualified third , and felt that his car did not feel good having not made any changes . Coulthard secured fourth position , despite losing time early in qualifying because of a fuel pressure problem . He decided against taking his team 's spare car set up for Häkkinen because he believed it would take up time and had to run more fuel throughout the remainder of the session . Ralf Schumacher qualified fifth and he was suffering from excessive oversteer which prevented him from setting a quicker lap time but was delighted with his starting position . Villeneuve secured sixth position and said he achieved the best from his car . Both Jordan drivers lined up the fourth row of the grid ( with Trulli ahead of Frentzen ) and believed they could have a better starting position because of windy <unk> de la Rosa and Irvine rounded out the top ten fastest drivers , with de la Rosa confident of finishing in a higher position in his home country . Later on Saturday afternoon , a fuel sample from de la Rosa 's car was analysed and declared illegal by the FIA and Arrows announced that it would appeal the decision , allowing de la Rosa to retain his starting position . Button , eleventh , reported his car felt unstable due to the windy conditions . He was ahead of Verstappen in the slower of the two Arrows , Salo in the faster Sauber , and Fisichella . Herbert , fifteenth , lost his front wing mounted camera after hitting a kerb in the early part of qualifying and made a minor mistake which prevented him from starting higher up the field . Diniz had excessive oversteer and managed sixteenth place . Ricardo Zonta managed seventeenth after he was unable to find a set @-@ up which suited him and his fastest time was nine @-@ tenths of a second slower than team @-@ mate Villeneuve . Alesi qualified eighteenth , ahead of Wurz in nineteenth . Heidfeld had engine problems and had to use the spare Prost monocoque and took 20th position . The two Minardi drivers Marc Gené and Gastón Mazzacane qualified at the rear of the field in positions 21 and 22 .
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Rajinikanth began his film career through the Tamil film Apoorva Raagangal ( 1975 ) . Balachander gave Rajinikanth a relatively small role as an abusive husband of Srividya . The film was controversial upon release as it explored relationships between people with wide age differences . However , it received wide critical acclaim as it went on to win three National Film Awards including the award for the Best Tamil Feature at the following year ceremony . A review from The Hindu noted that , " Newcomer Rajinikanth is dignified and impressive " . He followed that with Katha Sangama ( 1976 ) , an experimental film made by Puttanna Kanagal in the new wave style . The film was a portmanteau of three short stories had Rajinikanth playing a small character in the last segment where he appears as a village ruffian who rapes a blind woman in the absence of her husband . His next release was <unk> Katha , a Telugu film directed by Balachander . A remake of his own Tamil film Aval Oru Thodar Kathai ( 1974 ) , had Rajinikanth playing a pivotal role for the first time in his career . In the subsequent films , he continued to perform a series of negative roles mostly as a womaniser . In Moondru Mudichu — the first film to feature him in a prominent role — he plays a character that " blithely row [ s ] away " when his friend drowns accidentally into the lake only to fulfill his desire to marry the former 's girlfriend . His style of flipping the cigarette made him popular among the audience . His final release of the year <unk> <unk> , yet again saw him performing a role which troubles the female lead . He followed that with similar roles in Avargal , and 16 <unk> . In 1977 , he accepted his first @-@ ever lead role in the Telugu film <unk> <unk> . Though Rajinikanth always refers to K. Balachander as his mentor , it was S. P. Muthuraman who revamped his image . Muthuraman first experimented with him in a positive role in Bhuvana Oru <unk> ( 1977 ) , as a failed lover in the first half of the film and a protagonist in the second half . The success of the film brought the duo together for 24 more films till the 1990s . The year saw Rajinikanth playing supporting roles in majority of the films with few of them being " villainous " . In Gayathri he was cast as pornographer who secretly films his relationship with his wife without the knowledge of her , while in <unk> Samsara he played the role of a married man who develops an affair with a cabaret dancer . All in all , he had 15 of his films released during the year , much higher than the previous years .
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In 1448 , Petru II of Moldavia awarded Chilia to John Hunyadi , the governor of Transylvania ; and in effect , it gave Hungary control of the strategic area on the Danube , with access to the Black Sea . With the assassination of Bogdan II of Moldavia in 1451 by his brother Petru Aron , the country fell into civil war , as two pretenders fought for the throne : Aron and <unk> . Bogdan 's son , Stephen , fled Moldavia together with his cousin , Vlad Dracula — who had sought protection at the Moldavian court – to Transylvania , at the court of Hunyadi . Even though Hungary had made peace with the Turks in 1451 , Hunyadi wanted to transform Wallachia and Moldavia into a barrier that would protect the kingdom from Ottoman expansion . In the fall of 1453 , after the Ottoman capture of Constantinople , Moldavia received an ultimatum to start paying tribute to the Porte ; two years later , on October 5 , 1455 , Aron sent the first Moldavian tribute to the Porte : a payment of 2 @,@ 000 ducats . With both Wallachia and Moldavia conducting a pro @-@ Ottoman policy , the plan to install Vlad Țepeș as prince of Wallachia began to take shape . Sometime between April to July 1456 , with the support of a few Hungarian troops and Wallachian boyars , Prince Vladislav II was dethroned and slain , as Vlad Țepeș took possession of the Wallachian throne ; and as such , Chilia became a shared Wallachian @-@ Hungarian possession . In April 1457 , Vlad Țepeș supported Stephen with 6 @,@ 000 horsemen , which the latter used to invade Moldavia and occupy the Moldavian throne , ending the civil war as Aron fled to Poland . The new prince continued sending the tribute that his uncle and Mehmed had agreed upon , and in such way , avoided any premature confrontation with his enemy . His first priority was to strengthen the country and to retrieve its lost territory . Because Aron resided in Poland , Stephen made a few incursions in southern Poland . The hostilities ended on April 4 , 1459 , when in a new treaty between the two countries , Moldavia accepted vassalage and Poland returned <unk> back to Moldavia ; the latter also assumed the obligation to support Moldavia in retrieving Chilia and Cetatea Albă . It was also in the interest of Poland to have the area belonging to Moldavia , as it would increase their commerce in the region . On March 2 , 1462 , in a renewed treaty between the two countries , it was agreed that no Moldavian territory should remain under foreign rulership , and if such territory was under foreign rulership , that territory should be regained . Later that year , it is believed that Stephen asked Vlad to return Chilia back to Moldavia – a demand which was most likely refused .
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The lower course of the Sava River is located in the Pannonian Basin — first reached by the Sava River in the Krško Basin on the western rim of the Pannonian Basin . The Pannonian Basin took shape through Miocenian thinning and subsidence of crust structures formed during Late Paleozoic Variscan orogeny . The Paleozoic and Mesozoic structures are visible in Papuk and other Slavonian mountains . The processes also led to the formation of a stratovolcanic chain in the basin 17 – 12 Mya ( million years ago ) and intensified subsidence observed until 5 Mya as well as flood basalts about 7 @.@ 5 Mya . Contemporary uplift of the Carpathian Mountains prevented water flowing to the Black Sea , and the Pannonian Sea formed in the basin . Sediments were transported to the basin from uplifting Carpathian and Dinaric mountains , with particularly deep fluvial sediments being deposited in the Pleistocene during the uplift of the Transdanubian Mountains . Ultimately , up to 3 @,@ 000 metres ( 9 @,@ 800 feet ) of the sediment was deposited in the basin , and the Pannonian sea eventually drained through the Iron Gate gorge . In the southern Pannonian Basin , the Neogene to Quaternary sediment depth is normally lower , averaging 500 to 1 @,@ 500 metres ( 1 @,@ 600 to 4 @,@ 900 feet ) , except in central parts of depressions formed by subduction . A subduction zone formed in the present @-@ day Sava River valley , and approximately 4 @,@ 000 metres ( 13 @,@ 000 feet ) deep sediments were deposited in the Slavonia @-@ Syrmia depression and 5 @,@ 500 metres ( 18 @,@ 000 feet ) in the Sava depression . The results of those processes are large plains in the Sava River valley and the Kupa River valley . The plains are interspersed by the horst and graben structures , believed to have broken the Pannonian Sea surface as islands , which became watershed between Drava and Sava River basins extending along <unk> – <unk> – Bilogora – Papuk mountain chain . The Papuk Mountain is flanked by the Krndija and the Dilj Hills on the eastern rim of the Požega Valley . The Bilogora , Papuk and Krndija Mountains consist mostly of Paleozoic rocks which are 300 – 350 million years old , while the Dilj consists of much more recent Neogene rocks , 2 – 18 million years old . Further east of the chain , the watershed runs through the Đakovo – Vinkovci and Vukovar Plateau . The loess plateau , extending eastward from Dilj and representing the watershed between the Vuka and Bosut rivers , gradually rises to the Fruška Gora south of Ilok .
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In 1980 , Evans was appointed Chief of Joint Operations and Plans for the Australian Defence Force ( ADF ) . He was promoted to air marshal and became Chief of the Air Staff ( CAS ) on 21 April 1982 , succeeding Air Marshal Sir Neville McNamara . As CAS , Evans took steps to enhance discipline , bearing and morale in the Air Force , demanding high personal standards . He sponsored the development of an Australian air power doctrine , eventually published as the Air Power Manual under one of his successors , Air Marshal Ray Funnell , in 1990 . Evans also commissioned a marching tune especially for the RAAF , later to be called " Eagles of Australia " , to replace the Royal Air Force march that had been in use previously . As early as 1969 , he had advocated permanently basing a squadron of fighter aircraft at RAAF Tindal in the Northern Territory . Tindal was one of a series of forward air bases initiated by Air Marshal Sir Frederick Scherger when he was CAS in 1959 , but a defence committee decision prior to Evans becoming CAS had determined to locate the RAAF 's northernmost fighter squadron at Darwin . His chance remark in mid @-@ 1982 to the new Minister of Defence , Ian Sinclair , regarding the suitability of Tindal over Darwin led to the former base being chosen as the home of No. 75 ( Fighter ) Squadron . Alan Stephens described the permanent manning of Tindal as having " formalised the shift to the strategy of defence @-@ in @-@ depth — of defending Australia by controlling its air @-@ sea gap " . Late in 1983 , Evans selected the site for the last of the Air Force 's northerly " bare bases " , RAAF Scherger , near Weipa on Cape York Peninsula . For his service as CAS , he was raised to a Companion of the Order of Australia on 11 June 1984 . On 2 May 1985 , he became the first serving member of the ADF to be invited to speak at the National Press Club in Canberra . During his speech he reiterated the need for Australia to acquire an airborne early warning capability to enhance the effectiveness of the soon @-@ to @-@ be @-@ delivered F / A @-@ 18 Hornet multirole fighter , declaring that " Jindalee is not sufficient " . Later that month two Hornets , whose acquisition Evans had supported while CAFOPS , were handed over to No. 2 Operational Conversion Unit at RAAF Base Williamtown , New South Wales , following a record non @-@ stop flight from Naval Air Station Lemoore in California . Evans had pushed for the long @-@ distance flight , employing a McDonnell Douglas KC @-@ 10 tanker to refuel the Hornets in flight , to demonstrate the RAAF 's capability and the benefit of tanker aircraft . Six Mirage fighters from No. 77 Squadron intercepted the Hornets and the KC @-@ 10 and escorted them to their landing at Williamtown , an action the CAS considered " icing on the cake — a touch of class " .
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Organized exploration of the upper Yellowstone River began in fall 1869 when the Cook – Folsom – Peterson Expedition made a month @-@ long journey up the Yellowstone River and into the geyser basins . In 1870 , the somewhat more official Washburn – Langford – Doane Expedition explored the same regions of the upper Yellowstone and geyser basins , naming Old Faithful and many other park features . Official reports from Lieutenant Gustavus Cheyney Doane and Scribner 's Monthly accounts by Nathaniel P. Langford brought increased public awareness to the natural wonders of the region . Influenced by Jay Cooke of the Northern Pacific Railroad and Langford 's public speeches about the Yellowstone on the East Coast , geologist Ferdinand Hayden sought funding from Congress for an expedition under the auspices of the U.S. Geological Survey . In March 1871 Grant signed into law Congressional legislation appropriating $ 40 @,@ 000 to finance the Hayden Geological Survey of 1871 . Hayden was given instructions by Grant 's Secretary of Interior , Columbus Delano . The expedition party was composed of 36 civilians , mostly scientists , and two military escorts . Among the survey party were artist Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson . Hayden 's published reports , magazine articles , along with paintings by Moran and photographs by Jackson convinced Congress to preserve the natural wonders of the upper Yellowstone . On December 18 , 1871 , a bill was introduced simultaneously in the Senate , by Senator S.C. Pomeroy of Kansas , and in the House of Representatives , by Congressman William H. <unk> of the Montana Territory , for the establishment of a park at the headwaters of the Yellowstone River . Hayden 's influence on Congress is readily apparent when examining the detailed information contained in the report of the House Committee on Public Lands : " The bill now before Congress has for its objective the withdrawal from settlement , occupancy , or sale , under the laws of the United States a tract of land fifty @-@ five by sixty @-@ five miles , about the sources of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers , and dedicates and sets apart as a great national park or pleasure @-@ ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people . " When the bill was presented to Congress , the bill 's chief supporters , ably prepared by Langford , Hayden and Jay Cooke , convinced their colleagues that the region 's real value was as a park area , to be preserved in its natural state . The bill was approved by a comfortable margin in the Senate on January 30 , 1872 , and by the House on February 27 . On March 1 , 1872 , Grant played his role , in signing the " Act of Dedication " into law . It established the Yellowstone region as the nation ’ s first national park , made possible by three years of exploration by Cook @-@ Folsom @-@ Peterson ( 1869 ) , Washburn @-@ Langford @-@ Doane ( 1870 ) , and Hayden ( 1871 ) .
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The Amiga version of Wonder Boy in Monster Land received mixed responses , but most reviews were negative . CU Amiga magazine expressed disappointment over the major change in the gameplay and the protagonist himself from the game 's predecessor . The review also criticized sharply the game 's poor graphics and character sprites , saying that " many of the characters are short and stumpy " , that the background resembles that of Boulder Dash , and that Wonder Boy " is as wide as he is tall " . Other criticisms included substandard screen scrolling , terrible gameplay due to the game 's slowness , and that the actual gameplay area has been drastically reduced in size to include gameplay statistics such as the life meter and score displays . IGN heavily criticized the Amiga version 20 years after its release , saying how Wonder Boy was depicted as " a diaper @-@ clad baby " . Amiga Format similarly gave the game poor ratings , including the small gameplay area as a result of displaying the other statistics , sound that is substandard to the Amiga computer 's expectations , the lack of a " high score " feature , and limited continues ( as opposed to the arcade version which had unlimited continues ) . The reviewer said that " the game hasn 't been programmed to make use of any of the Amiga 's features " and that it " is another in the sadly increasing number of games that has simply been ported over from the first conversion , so that none of the features that make Amiga games stand out are included " . Zzap ! 64 complained about the version 's " <unk> " sound and the very slow multi @-@ load times , saying that the player may spend more time waiting for the game to load levels than play it . It also noted the lack of detail and variety in the graphics which did not make up for the slow multi @-@ load times ; the reviewer said that the enemies looked " about as dangerous as a dead tortoise " . Other reviews from computer magazines gave the Amiga version of the game more positive reviews . Amiga User International praised the game 's graphics , which they said were translated from the arcade version near @-@ perfectly . It also appreciated the game 's cartoon @-@ style graphics , which said befits the game well . However , the review noticed that the game 's code came from the Atari ST version , which , as noted in the other reviews , resulted in choppy scrolling and a shrunken gameplay area : something which the Amiga could do " perfectly smoothly with one hand tied behind its back " . The review also criticized its slow multi @-@ load times and high retail price . German magazine Amiga Joker liked the game 's " candy @-@ like graphics " and gameplay style , which they said compared to the title The Great <unk> Sisters . However , the reviewers criticized it for its choppy scrolling and sound , of which they said " David Whittaker has already produced much better sound " .
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Kyle , who is Jewish , is often the target of Cartman 's slander and anti @-@ Semitic insults . The two have shared an enmity since the show 's beginnings , and their rivalry has become significantly more pronounced as the series has progressed , with Cartman even routinely exposing Kyle to physical endangerment . Kyle has intentionally endangered Cartman as well by convincing him in " Fatbeard " to go to Somalia in hopes that he will be killed . However , at other times , Kyle is an enthusiastic participant in Cartman 's schemes and Cartman is sometimes seen actually being nice to Kyle in some instances . Parker and Stone have compared the relationship to the one shared by Archie Bunker and Michael " <unk> " <unk> on the 1970s sitcom All in the Family . Kyle has a tendency to make what he thinks are safe bets with Cartman , and often loses these bets when the improbable actions promised by Cartman are accomplished . Cartman 's motivation in this regard is not merely monetary gain , but an obsession with scoring a victory over Kyle , a fixation that ultimately plays a major part in a subplot to the three @-@ part episode " Imaginationland " ( season 11 , 2007 ) . This obsession has also proven itself to actually trump other goals Cartman wishes to achieve , for instance , in " Christian Rock Hard " Cartman makes a bet with Kyle that he can make a platinum album before Kyle can . After recruiting Butters and Token , Cartman creates a Christian rock band called " Faith + 1 " and " writes " Christian songs by merely taking love songs and replacing words such as " baby " with " Jesus " ( which humorously implicates sexual relations with Jesus ) . Against all odds , the band becomes largely successful , managing to sell over a million copies ( and potentially gain millions of dollars ) . However , since Christian rock bands cannot truly get a platinum album ( which is not true in real life ) , Cartman loses the bet . Despite having amassed a large fan base as well as a large , steady income , Cartman only becomes enraged since he was unable to win a bet with Kyle . Careless in his anger accepting the " Myrrh " album in front of a large Christian crowd , Cartman goes into an Anti @-@ Christian rant which drives away all of the fans as well as profits . In " You 're Getting Old " , the final episode of the first half of South Park 's 15th season , it is suggested that Kyle and Cartman may be developing a genuine friendship , possibly due to the void left by Stan 's apparent departure . Cartman 's resentment of Stan is usually reserved for when Cartman proudly proclaims his hatred for both Stan and Kyle as a duo , and his contempt for Stan as an individual is usually limited to his annoyance with Stan 's sensitivity , affection for animals , and the relationship Stan shares with Wendy .
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Some reception of the film , however , was much more positive , in particular by reviewers for horror outlets . Michael Gingold of Fangoria gave it two @-@ and @-@ half out of four skulls , while Jonathan Barkan of Bloody Disgusting gave it four out of five skulls , stating it " isn ’ t a movie meant to scare or make you think but it is one of the most entertaining and enjoyable movies of its kind that I ’ ve seen in years . " Scott Weinberg of <unk> wrote that " aside from some very clunky editorial missteps in the film 's second half , there 's a good deal of wit , enthusiasm , energy , and amusing attitude to be found in the dumb @-@ yet @-@ self @-@ aware Hansel & Gretel : Witch Hunters , " all while noting that he is " not the type to act snobbish around a ridiculous film that obviously knows it 's ridiculous . " According to Ryan Larson of Shock Till You Drop , the film " is a mixed bag " but " fortunately , the lows don ’ t appear as often as you would think , " and , " if taken at face value , Hansel & Gretel is well worth the view . " William Bibbiani of CraveOnline , who criticized the film 's inadequately " limp " marketing campaign , found the movie itself " inherently stupid " but in a good way , " played with humor , ultraviolence and anachronistic fetish . " Cinema Blend 's Sean O 'Connell stated that the film is " often mean and nasty , but that 's really its saving grace . " Peter Paras of E ! recommended this " super violent , pretty funny flick " for how it " revels in the mayhem " . Tom Russo of The Boston Globe , giving the film three out of five stars , called it a " <unk> fanboy fun . <unk> , clearly , but fun . " Jonathon <unk> of Filmink wrote : " Hansel and Gretel is not a ' film ' . It 's a ' movie ' , in all its unabashed , excitable glory ... big on blood @-@ soaked entertainment and low on pretension . " Rick Florino of Artistdirect gave it four out of five stars , stating : " This has all the elements of a classic action flick , and it 's destined for cult status . Welcome to the most fun movie of 2013 . " DVD Talk 's Jamie S. Rich summed up : " Is Hansel and Gretel : Witch Hunters a good movie ? Probably not . At least not in any way that is defensible by regular critical standards . Is it a hell of a good time ? Absolutely so . <unk> so . That 's all it wants to be . "
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The Liberals concluded their campaign with a large rally at Toronto 's Maple Leaf Gardens on June 7 . Entertainment at the event was provided by the Leslie Bell singers , and according to Grosart , many in the audience were Tory supporters who had turned out to hear them . St. Laurent 's speech at the rally was interrupted when William Hatton , a 15 @-@ year @-@ old boy from Malton , Ontario , climbed onto the platform . Hatton carried a banner reading , " This Can 't Be Canada " with a Liberal placard bearing St. Laurent 's photograph , and moved to face the Prime Minister . Meisel describes Hatton as an " otherwise politically apathetic boy who ... slowly and deliberately tore up a photograph of the Prime Minister as the latter was speaking " and states that Hatton engaged in " intensely provocative behavior " . Liberal partisans interceded , and in the ensuing fracas , Hatton fell from the platform , audibly hitting his head on the concrete floor . St. Laurent watched in apparent shock , according to his biographer Dale Tompson , as officials aided the boy and took him from the hall . According to Tompson , the crowd " turned its indignation on the men on the platform " and spent the remainder of the evening wondering about the boy 's possible injuries rather than listening to the Prime Minister 's speech . Hatton was not seriously injured , but , according to Newman , " the accident added to the image of the Liberal Party as an unrepentant arrogant group of old men , willing to ride roughshod over voters " . Grosart later described the incident as " the turning point " of the campaign . Professor Meisel speculated that the Hatton incident might have been part of an organized campaign to annoy St. Laurent out of his pleasant " Uncle Louis " persona , and Grosart later related that Liberal frontbencher Jack Pickersgill always accused him of being behind the boy 's actions , but that the incident was " a sheer accident " . Hatton 's mother described his actions as " [ j ] ust a schoolboy prank , " and a reaction to reading an article about how the art of heckling was dying . According to public relations executive J.G. Johnston in a letter to Diefenbaker on June 10 , Hatton had come to the rally with several other boys , including Johnston 's son , but had gone off on his own while the other boys paraded with Diefenbaker posters which had been smuggled inside . According to Johnston , Hatton was caught on CBC tape saying to St. Laurent , " I can no longer stand your hypocrisy , Sir " before tearing the St. Laurent poster . Attempts by Johnston to have the Liberal activist who pushed Hatton off the platform arrested failed , according to Johnston , on the ground that the police could find no witnesses .
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Book Eight , War of the Asuras , is set in the 20th century , during the " Long War " . The world has become divided into three large alliances , the Chinese Empire and its colonies , the fractured Muslim world ( Dar al @-@ Islam ) , and the democratic Indian and Hodenosaunee Leagues . At the outbreak of war the Muslim states put aside their differences and unite to flight the larger threat of China ( whom they fear will soon achieve global hegemony ) . The Indian and Hodenosaunee Leagues stay neutral at first , but eventually ally with China , as they see the Muslims as their greater enemy , however the Muslims invade northern India all the way down to Burma to stop the Indians and Chinese from linking up . The war drags on for decades causing major changes in the societies involved , with rapid industrialisation , mass conscription and mass casualties ( both sides are forced to use women in the fighting to make up for manpower losses ) . Being the first industrial war , new devastating weapons and methods are employed , such as trench warfare , poison gas and aerial bombing . The story follows Chinese officers , Kuo , Bai and Iwa as they desperately fight in the trenches of the Gansu Corridor , where the ground has been blasted down to bedrock by sixty years of bombardments ( the latest massive artillery pieces lob shells into space on ballistic trajectories ) . The new Chinese government , the " Fourth Assemblage of Military Talent " ( the Qing Dynasty having been overthrown by a military coup during the war ) orders a new offensive against the Muslim lines in Gansu . Kuo , Bai and Iwa are told to use poison gas and then frontally assault the enemy trenches . They do this successfully , but are then beaten back by the second line of Muslim defences , losing tens of thousands of soldiers and gaining nothing . However they are then told that their attack was merely a diversion for the real offensive which is being conducted by the Japanese ( who have recently been freed by China in exchange for alliance in the war ) through Siberia . The Muslims are in retreat but the Japanese get bogged down at the Ural Mountains . In the meantime , Kuo is killed by a shell which penetrates their bunker , Bai and Iwa are then ordered to move with their company south through Tibet to support their Indian allies . At a pass in the Himalayas they witness the Muslim artillery blasting the top of Mount Everest down so that the tallest mountain in the world will be in Muslim lands . After extreme difficulties they manage to breach the Muslim defences at the pass and the Chinese army pours through to meet up with the Indians , turning the course of the war in their favour . However Bai is plagued by visions of his dead friend Kuo , who tells him that none of this is happening and that he is already dead , killed by the shell earlier . Bai does not know whether he is indeed living real life or is already in the afterlife .
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Kitchen Princess won the Kodansha Manga Award for children 's manga in 2006 . The series has received a range of reviews , from positive to lukewarm . Publishers Weekly enjoyed that Najika was not given a magical power and had to keep improving her cooking skills . Although the reviewer for School Library Journal described the series as " a perfectly ordinary romance manga , " he praised Nunzio Defilippis and Christina Weir 's adaptation of the manga . Deb Aoki of About.com listed the manga as one of the best shōjo series . Jason Thompson rated the series 3 @.@ 5 out of 4 stars , describing it as " [ a ] quick , delightful read . " Another reviewer for Publishers Weekly , Johanna Draper Carlsen , wrote that she found the manga reminiscent of the romantic comedy film Simply Irresistible ( 1999 ) and that the manga contained conventional shōjo aspects . In a later review of the second volume , she described the series as " entertaining enough , but it ’ s fluffy and forgettable ( like so many of the mousse items and drinks Najika makes ) . The volumes already feel familiar , even as I ’ m reading them for the first time . " Mania Entertainment 's Sakura Eries expressed her lukewarm feelings towards the first volume , writing that the reader 's suspension of disbelief was vital to enjoying the manga . She disliked the two @-@ dimensional characterization and Ando 's illustrations of the characters , although she felt that the food was well @-@ drawn . Comparing the series to others in the cooking genre , she wrote that it differed in that " cooking is Najika 's expression of self and her means of creating relationships and drawing others to common ground ( like the estranged Kitazawa Brothers ) . " In follow @-@ up reviews of the second and third volumes , she remained lukewarm to the series ; she praised Kobayashi 's portrayal of Akane 's eating disorder , though she disliked how Najika 's quest to find her flan prince seemed to become more of a side @-@ plot . Carlo Santos of Anime News Network praised Najika as a likeable protagonist and the characterizations as believable . He enjoyed the plot and recipes , although he wrote that the character designs lacked creativity , and criticized the plot clichés and the antagonists ' weak characterization . He had mixed feelings about the fourth volume 's emphasis on conventional shōjo romance and plot twists at the cost of its cooking aspect . He found the artwork conventional , though able to convey emotion . He wrote that the fifth volume finally balanced the romance and cooking elements , although he disliked the inclusion of a side story , preferring another chapter instead . In his review of the seventh volume , he concluded : " this series takes the <unk> elements of the romance / drama / cooking genres and still manages to come up with something greater than the sum of its parts . "
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Within attachment theory , attachment means " a biological instinct in which proximity to an attachment figure is sought when the child senses or perceives threat or discomfort . Attachment behaviour anticipates a response by the attachment figure which will remove threat or discomfort " . Such bonds may be reciprocal between two adults , but between a child and a caregiver these bonds are based on the child 's need for safety , security and protection , paramount in infancy and childhood . John Bowlby begins by noting that organisms at different levels of the phylogenetic scale regulate instinctive behavior in distinct ways , ranging from primitive reflex @-@ like " fixed action patterns " to complex plan hierarchies with <unk> and strong learning components . In the most complex organisms , instinctive behaviors may be " goal @-@ corrected " with continual on @-@ course adjustments ( such as a bird of prey adjusting its flight to the movements of the prey ) . The concept of cybernetically controlled behavioral systems organized as plan hierarchies ( Miller , Galanter , and Pribram , 1960 ) thus came to replace Freud 's concept of drive and instinct . Such systems regulate behaviors in ways that need not be rigidly innate , but — depending on the organism — can adapt in greater or lesser degrees to changes in environmental circumstances , provided that these do not deviate too much from the organism 's environment of evolutionary <unk> . Such flexible organisms pay a price , however , because adaptable behavioral systems can more easily be subverted from their optimal path of development . For humans , Bowlby speculates , the environment of evolutionary <unk> probably resembles that of present @-@ day hunter @-@ gatherer societies for the purpose of survival , and , ultimately , genetic replication . Attachment theory is not an exhaustive description of human relationships , nor is it synonymous with love and affection , although these may indicate that bonds exist . Some infants direct attachment behaviour ( proximity seeking ) toward more than one attachment figure almost as soon as they start to show discrimination between caregivers ; most come to do so during their second year . These figures are arranged hierarchically , with the principal attachment figure at the top . The set @-@ goal of the attachment behavioural system is to maintain the accessibility and availability of the attachment figure . " Alarm " is the term used for activation of the attachment behavioural system caused by fear of danger . " Anxiety " is the anticipation or fear of being cut off from the attachment figure . If the figure is unavailable or unresponsive , separation distress occurs . In infants , physical separation can cause anxiety and anger , followed by sadness and despair . By age three or four , physical separation is no longer such a threat to the child 's bond with the attachment figure . Threats to security in older children and adults arise from prolonged absence , breakdowns in communication , emotional unavailability , or signs of rejection or abandonment .
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Since the Reformation the 13th @-@ century Hanging Chapel in Langport has been a town hall , courthouse , grammar school , museum , and armoury before becoming a masonic hall in 1891 . The house known as The Abbey in Charlton Mackrell takes its name from the site on which it was built , the Chantry Chapel of the Holy Spirit , founded in 1237 . Naish Priory , built around 1400 in East Coker , was never a priory , and similarly the Abbey Farm House and Abbey Barn in Yeovil which date from around 1420 , have always been in lay @-@ ownership ; " abbey " was added to their names in the 19th century . The 140 @-@ foot ( 43 m ) Burton Pynsent Monument was designed in 1757 , by Capability Brown for William Pitt , as a monument to Sir William Pynsent . King Alfred 's Tower , a 161 feet ( 49 m ) high , triangular edifice , stands near Egbert 's stone , where it is believed that Alfred the Great , King of Wessex , rallied the Saxons in May 878 before the Battle of Ethandun . The towers funder , Henry Hoare , planned for it to commemorate the end of the Seven Years ' War against France and the accession of King George III . The other Grade I listed buildings in South Somerset are manor houses , built over long periods by local Lords of the Manor . The Tudor Barrington Court was the first country house acquired by the National Trust , in 1907 , on the recommendation of the antiquarian Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley . Newton Surmaville was built between 1608 and 1612 for Robert Harbin , a Yeovil merchant , on the site of an earlier building , but was extensively altered and enhanced in the 1870s . Lytes Cary and its associated chapel and gardens have parts dating to as early as the 14th century . The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner praised it , saying " Yet all parts blend to perfection with one another and with the gentle sunny landscape that surrounds them . " The 17th @-@ century house at Tintinhull is surrounded by a small 20th @-@ century Arts and Crafts garden . Ven House , which stands on an artificially raised terrace , has a rectangular plan of seven bays by five bays , and is built of red brick in Flemish bond , with local Hamstone dressings ; its north and south fronts are divided by two giant Corinthian pilasters . The small William and Mary style house was completed sometime between 1698 and 1700 . It was enlarged between 1725 and 1730 by Decimus Burton , who provided a new drawing @-@ room for Sir W. <unk> and also an orangery attached to the house . Brympton d 'Evercy , built in stages between about 1220 and the 18th century , has been described , by Auberon Waugh , as " the most beautiful house in England " .
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Spinosaurus anatomy exhibits another feature that may have a modern homology : its long tail resembled that of the thresher shark , employed to slap the water to herd and stun shoals of fish before devouring them ( Oliver et al.2013 ) . The strategies that sailfish and thresher sharks employ against shoaling fish are more effective when the shoal is first concentrated into a ‘ bait ball ’ ( Helfman , Collette & <unk> , 1997 ; Oliver et al.2013 ; Domenici et <unk> ) . Since this is difficult for individual predators to achieve , they cooperate in this effort . When herding a shoal of fish or squid , sailfish also raise their sails to make themselves appear larger . When they slash or wipe their bills through shoaling fish by turning their heads , their dorsal sail and fins are outstretched to stabilize their bodies hydrodynamically ( Lauder & Drucker , 2004 ) . Domenici et al . ( 2014 ) postulate that these fin extensions enhance the accuracy of tapping and slashing . The sail can reduce yaw rotation by counteracting the lateral force in the direction opposite to the slash . This means that prey is less likely to recognize the massive trunk as being part of an approaching predator ( <unk> et <unk> ; Webb & Weihs 2015 ) . Film footage available online impressively demonstrates the hunting strategies of sailfish and thresher sharks . Interestingly , Spinosaurus exhibited the anatomical features required to combine all three hunting strategies : a sail for herding prey more efficiently , as well as flexible tail and neck to slap the water for stunning , injuring or killing prey . The submerged dorsal sail would have provided a strong <unk> @-@ like counterforce for powerful sidewards movements of the strong neck and long tail , as performed by sailfish ( Domenici et <unk> ) or thresher sharks ( Oliver et al.2013 ) . While smaller dorsal sails or fins make the dorsal water volume better accessible for slashing , it can be speculated that their smaller stabilization effect makes lateral slashing less efficient ( e.g. for thresher sharks ) . Forming a hydrodynamic fulcrum and hydrodynamically stabilizing the trunk along the dorsoventral axis , Spinosaurus ’ sail would also have compensated for the inertia of the lateral neck by tail movements and vice versa not only for predation but also for accelerated swimming . This behaviour might also have been one reason for Spinosaurus ’ muscular chest and neck reported by Ibrahim et al . ( 2014 ) . " Finally , it is quite possible that the sail or hump combined these functions , acting normally as a heat regulator , becoming a courting aid during the mating season , being used to cool itself and , on occasions , turning into an intimidating device when an animal was feeling threatened .
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On 20 February 2011 , following the publication of Saldanha 's and Somasekhara 's contradictory reports on the attacks on churches , more than 100 @,@ 000 Christians representing some 45 Christian denominations and secular organisations gathered in Mangalore to protest . Present was Bishop Aloysius Paul D 'Souza of Mangalore Diocese , Bishop Emeritus C. L. Furtado and Bishop John S. Sadananda of the CSI Karnataka Southern Diocese , AICC general secretary Oscar Fernandes , Bishop Lawrence <unk> of the Catholic Syro @-@ Malabar Diocese of Belthangady , <unk> Mar <unk> of the Syro @-@ Malankara Diocese of Puttur , Diocesan Vicar @-@ General <unk> Denis M. Prabhu ; and some 24 new @-@ generation churches united under the Karnataka Missions Network ( <unk> ) including the Campus Crusade for Christ ( CCC ) , Operation Mobilization <unk> ( OMB ) , Good News Book Centre ( <unk> ) , All India Catholic Union ( <unk> ) , Catholic Association of South Kanara ( CASK ) , and International Federation of Karnataka Christian Associations ( <unk> ) . Secular organisations participating in the protest included Udupi <unk> <unk> Vedike ( <unk> ) , the People 's Union for Civil Liberties ( <unk> ) , the DK District Committee , the local unit of the Democratic Youth Federation of India ( DYFI ) , and the Muslim <unk> Sangha ( VS ) and Muslim <unk> groups . The protest rally was " organised against a backdrop of an apparent whitewash by the B. K. Somasekhara Commission concerning Hindu radicals and government agencies . " The protesters tied black cloths over their mouths and carried black flags as they walked silently for about a kilometre in one of the strongest Christian areas of the city . George <unk> , a Catholic lay leader who guided the march , stated that the black " symbolised that the action of the government and its commission have silenced Christians . " Rev. Alwyn <unk> of the Full Gospel Church said that " This is a sea of Christianity that is wounded by the attacks on the churches by the fundamental groups . The government should look at the faith and patience of these people and give justice . " On 17 February 2011 , Ronald <unk> , Chairman of <unk> and Higher Education Minister V. S. Acharya submitted a memorandum to Yeddyurappa , demanding that the cases filed against Christian youths be dropped . Following the publications of the reports and subsequent protests , the government of Karnataka announced that it would drop 338 cases against Christians who had protested in the attacks . In December 2011 , 23 cases against Christians were dropped upon request by the Karnataka Christians International and the Mangalore Diocese .
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The VNQDD was gradually overshadowed as the leading Vietnamese independence organisation by Ho 's Indochinese Communist Party ( ICP ) . In 1940 , Ho arrived in Yunnan , which was a hotbed of both ICP and VNQDD activity . He initiated collaboration between the ICP and other nationalists such as the VNQDD . At the time , World War II had broken out and Japan had conquered most of eastern China and replaced the French in Vietnam . Ho moved east to the neighbouring province of Guangxi , where Chinese military leaders had been attempting to organise Vietnamese nationalists against the Japanese . The VNQDD had been active in Guangxi and some of their members had joined the KMT army . Under the umbrella of KMT activities , a broad alliance of nationalists emerged . With Ho at the forefront , the Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi ( Vietnamese Independence League , usually known as the Viet Minh ) was formed and based in the town of <unk> . The pro @-@ VNQDD nationalist Ho Ngoc Lam , a KMT army officer and former disciple of Phan Boi Chau , was named as the deputy of Phạm Văn Đồng , later to be Ho 's Prime Minister . The front was later broadened and renamed the Viet Nam Giai Phong Dong Minh ( Vietnam Liberation League ) . It was an uneasy situation , as another VNQDD leader , Truong Boi Cong , a graduate of a KMT military academy , wanted to challenge the communists for pre @-@ eminence , while Vũ Hồng Khanh led a virulently anti @-@ communist VNQDD faction . The Viet Nam Revolutionary League was a union of various Vietnamese nationalist groups , run by the pro Chinese VNQDD . Chinese KMT General Zhang <unk> created the league to further Chinese influence in Indochina , against the French and Japanese . Its stated goal was for unity with China under the Three Principles of the People , created by KMT founder Dr. Sun and opposition to Vietnamese and French Imperialists . The Revolutionary League was controlled by Nguyen Hai Than , who was born in China and could not speak Vietnamese . General Zhang shrewdly blocked the Communists of Vietnam , and Ho Chi Minh from entering the league , as his main goal was Chinese influence in Indochina . The KMT utilized these Vietnamese nationalists during World War II against Japanese forces . At one stage , the communists made an appeal for other Vietnamese anti @-@ colonialists to join forces , but condemned Khanh as an " opportunist " and " fake revolutionary " in their letter . The cooperation in the border area lasted for only a few months before VNQDD officials complained to the local KMT officials that the communists , led by Dong and Võ Nguyên Giáp , were attempting to dominate the league . This prompted the local authorities to shut down the front 's activities .
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The fourth series , entitled Warriors : Omen of the Stars , was released from 2009 to 2012 and comprises The Fourth Apprentice , Fading Echoes , Night Whispers , Sign of the Moon , The Forgotten Warrior , and The Last Hope . It is a direct continuation of Warriors : Power of Three . ThunderClan apprentice Dovepaw has the special ability to hear and see extremely distant things . When Dovepaw reveals that the cause of a drought to be a beaver dam upstream , Jayfeather and Lionblaze realize that she is the third cat in the prophecy from Power of Three . After Dovepaw saves ThunderClan from a falling tree with her powers , she receives special attention from Firestar that makes her sister , Ivypaw , jealous . Hawkfrost 's spirit exploits her jealousy and befriends Ivypaw ; he begins giving her battle training in her dreams as Tigerstar did in The New Prophecy . Jayfeather , Yellowfang , and Spottedleaf discover that the Dark Forest cats are training for battle . Jayfeather finds out about Ivypaw 's Dark Forest training ; he suggests asking Ivypaw to act as a spy , and Ivypaw learns that Tigerstar is training her and training " under @-@ recognized " cats to fight against the Clans , though they do not know it . Ivypaw and Dovepaw then receive the warrior names Ivypool and Dovewing . Jayfeather then visits the Tribe of Rushing Water , where he goes back in time to the Ancients and helps Half Moon become the first <unk> . He is then given a new prophecy : " The end of the stars draws near ; three must become four , to battle the darkness that lasts forever " . When a fox chases two apprentices , a mysterious cat scares away the fox ; in searching for this cat , ThunderClan finds Sol . Dovewing and Ivypool spy on Sol as he plots with WindClan to attack ThunderClan and are almost discovered , but Hollyleaf , who has been living in the tunnels since the events of Sunrise , ' reveals ' herself and leads the two to safety . Returning to ThunderClan , she shows them how to fight in the tunnels in preparation for a battle with WindClan . During the battle , she traps Sol , but releases him , warning him never to return to the Clans . In " The Last Hope " , at the Moonpool , Yellowfang and <unk> — a former RiverClan medicine cat — tell Jayfeather that he must tell Lionblaze and Dovewing about the new prophecy he received while in the mountains , and unite all the Clans . They discover that Firestar is the fourth cat of the prophecy , and when the Dark Forest attacks the Clans , Firestar kills Tigerstar , Firestar loses his last life , and Brambleclaw becomes leader and names Squirrelflight his deputy .
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The funding of political parties , independent politicians and election campaigns is relatively highly regulated in comparison with developed western democracies . Applicable legislation encompasses cash receipts , provision of free services ( except the labour of volunteers ) , and products and other forms of support ( including membership fees ) . The legislation also stipulates that the government budget provides funding for political parties and non @-@ partisan political representatives in the amount of 0 @.@ 05 percent of the previous year 's budget expenditures . Additional funds are appropriated in local government budgets . The funds are distributed to elected members of parliament and councils , and the political parties with which they are affiliated receive 10 percent of the funds . Each election candidate ( or slate ) must have a dedicated bank account to handle election @-@ campaign donations , other related funding , and all campaign @-@ related expenditures . The maximum donation to a single party , candidate or slate made in a year is also regulated . In cases of individuals it is set at 30 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 4 @,@ 050 euro ) , regardless of purpose . Companies and other legal persons are limited to the same amount in local elections ; 100 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 13 @,@ 500 euro ) for parliamentary or European Parliament elections and 200 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 27 @,@ 000 euro ) for presidential elections to any one candidate , party or slate ( whichever is applicable ) . Total campaign expenditures are also limited to 8 million kuna ( c . 1 @.@ 08 million euro ) per candidate in presidential elections , 1 @.@ 5 million kuna ( c . 202 @,@ 000 euro ) per candidate ( or slate ) in European Parliament or parliamentary elections , 500 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 67 @,@ 600 euro ) per candidate in Zagreb mayoral elections and 400 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 54 @,@ 000 euro ) per candidate in county @-@ prefect or mayoral elections in cities of 35 @,@ 000 residents or larger and in county seats . Mayoral election @-@ campaign expenditures in other cities and towns is also limited , depending on the local government 's population : 250 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 33 @,@ 800 euro ) if the population exceeds 10 @,@ 000 residents , 100 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 13 @,@ 500 euro ) in population units of 3 @,@ 000 – 10 @,@ 000 and up to 50 @,@ 000 kuna ( c . 6 @,@ 750 euro ) in smaller self @-@ governing units . All candidates and parties ( or slates ) are legally required to publish financial reports detailing their funding , which are audited by the State Electoral Commission and the State Audit Office . They are also legally required to turn over all receipts exceeding the legal limits in favour of the central government budget within eight days .
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To ensure a victory the Germans resorted to unconventional means . The Germans had trained two airborne / airlanding assault divisions . The first of these , the 7 . Flieger @-@ Division , consisted of paratroopers ; the second , the 22nd <unk> @-@ Infanteriedivision , of airborne infantry . Initially the plan was that the main German assault was to take place in Flanders , and it was expected these troops would be used for a crossing attempt over the river Scheldt near Ghent . This operation was cancelled , so it was decided to use them to obtain an easy victory in the Netherlands . The airborne troops would on the first day attempt to secure the airfields around the Dutch seat of government , The Hague , and then capture that government , together with the Dutch High Command and Queen Wilhelmina . German officers actually took lessons on how to address royalty on such occasions . The plan , Fall Festung , had been developed by Hitler personally , embellishing an earlier idea to let an envoy offer " armed protection of the Dutch neutrality " , that is , to become a German protectorate . In the event this did not bring forth the desired immediate collapse , the bridges at Rotterdam , Dordrecht and Moerdijk would simultaneously be secured to allow a mechanised force to relieve the airborne troops from the south . This force was to be the German 9th Panzer Division . This was the only German armoured division having just two tank battalions , one understrength , in its single tank regiment ; the total number of tanks in the unit was 141 . The intention was that it should exploit a breach in the Dutch lines created by the 254th and 256th Infantry Division , and join up with them , forming the XXVI . Armeekorps , on the Gennep – ' s @-@ Hertogenbosch axis . At the same time an offensive would be staged against the Grebbe Line in the east by the 207th and 227th Infantry Division , united to form X. Armeekorps , to engage the main bulk of the Dutch Field Army . The expectation was that in spite of the lack of numerical superiority , they would force the Dutch back to the east front of the Fortress Holland or beyond . If the Dutch did not capitulate on the first day , the Eighteenth Army expected to enter the Fortress Holland on the third day from the south and thereby ensure victory ; there was no strict timetable for the total destruction of the Dutch forces . A peculiar aspect of the command structure was that the airborne attack was solely a Luftwaffe operation ; the airborne forces would initially not be under operational command of the German Army . The attack on Rotterdam was ultimately to be an Army operation and considered by it as the <unk> ( focal point ) of the campaign in the Netherlands ; 18th Army saw the air landings as primarily subservient to the XXVI . Armeekorps advance .
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At some point in the 1896 season , Hogan apparently secured his release from the Browns . Once again , however , his physical speed offered no guarantee of consistency on the playing field . On July 21 , 1896 , the St. Paul ( Minneapolis ) Globe reported that Hogan had performed poorly in a contest between the Hoosiers and the local ball club . " Marty Hogan ... made a bad fumble , and then looked up at the sky to see if it had moved while he was locating the ball " , the paper reported . " It was a good bluff , but the crowd discovered Marty 's weakness before the end of the game " . In January 1897 , the Vindicator reported that the Hoosiers had sold Hogan to a club in Grand Rapids , Michigan . The article called Hogan " one of the fastest outfielders and baserunners in the Western League " and predicted he would " greatly strengthen the Grand Rapids outfield " . The following month , however , the paper described the previous report as a " mistake " , indicating instead that Hogan had signed a contract with baseball executive John T. Brush to play with the Hoosiers for another year . The paper also reported that the contract granted Hogan " the largest salary he has ever drawn " . Despite this lucrative contract , Hogan established and maintained his own advertising distribution agency in Indianapolis . " He goes about the streets dressed much like an English <unk> " , Sporting Life reported in January 1897 . " Marty can be seen with a little red wagon full of signs and advertising matter chasing up and down streets nailing the signs to buildings and convenient places and distributing advertising literature in the reel @-@ dance portion of Indianapolis " . Less than four months later , in May 1897 , he was released by the Indianapolis ball club . In June 1897 , the Kansas City Journal indicated Hogan had moved on to the Dayton ( Ohio ) Old Soldiers , a team affiliated with the Class B Interstate League , where he was " playing a sensational center field " . In October of the same year , Sporting Life speculated Hogan would remain with Dayton during the upcoming 1898 season . " Marty Hogan 's contract with Dayton is such that he cannot be reserved , as are the rest of the players " , the article stated . " Unless Marty has a better offer to play with some other team it is safe to say that he will be with Dayton next year " . Further research is required to determine how long Hogan continued to play as an outfielder in the minor leagues . ( His obituary indicated that he also worked as a major league trainer . ) During his playing career , he apparently received at least one serious injury . In February 1903 , Sporting Life reported that the former baseball player 's friends were " anxious to get him appointed on the staff of American League umpires " . The article added , " Hogan has suffered from operations to remove portions of his breast bone , which was injured in a collision during a baseball game " .
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Khardo Hermitage ( Mkhar rdo ri khrod ) is a historical hermitage in the <unk> Valley , to the northeast of Lhasa and Sera monastery , which is named after the local deity ( <unk> bdag ) , known as Mkhar rdo <unk> <unk> . Its setting is in a charnel ground ideal to perform tantric rites . The hermitage known as the " abode of saints " is surrounded by mountains on three sides which are all assigned divine names such as the ‘ Soul Mountain of the Buddhas of the Five Families ( <unk> ba ’ i rigs lnga bla ri ) ' for a group of hills behind the monastery , ' Soul Mountain of <unk> ( Bde <unk> bla ri ) where hand implements and bone ornaments of the deity were found , and the ‘ Birth Deity Peak ( <unk> ba ’ i lha ri or ’ <unk> ’ fro ) ' for the hill to the left of the hermitage . A cave here is known by the name the ' Offering Place Cave ( Brag <unk> sa ) ' , ( a copy of the holy Scriptures ( <unk> ’ <unk> ) is said to have been found here ) . Several local legends are narrated in respect of the history of founding the hermitage by Bzod pa rgya mtsho who lived in a cave here under the direction of the local deity . It was established in 1706 . The hermitage , now in ruins , was originally built in three tiers ( one above the other ) : the lowest tier was the hermitage or the main compound , the middle tier was known as the Upper Residence ( <unk> khang gong ma ) and top tier was the Temple of the Sixteen Arhats ( Gnas <unk> lha khang ) . The Seventh Dalai Lama , who was a student , fully supported Bzod pa rgya mtsho to build the first temple ( Temple of the Sixteen Arhats ) and also a residence for himself to stay during his visits to the hermitage , which came to be known as the ' Upper Residence ' . The Dalai Lama 's reverence for his guru was so deep that when the Bzod pa rgya mtsho died , he even performed the last rites for him , got installed his funerary <unk> and statue . He also located the Incarnate Lama of his guru at ' Phan po ' near Lhasa . The second Bzod pa rgya mtsho also had excellent equation with the Eighth Dalai Lama , <unk> Gyatso ( Da lai bla ma sku phreng brgyad pa ’ jam dpal rgya mtsho ) . This power equation resulted in two more monasteries being built as satellite monasteries .
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After averaging 17 points per game as a rookie and more than 22 per game in his second season , Howard became a free agent when the Bullets made some salary cap transactions . The Bullets offered Howard an $ 89 million contract , but the Miami Heat outbid them with a seven @-@ year deal estimated to be worth $ 98 to $ 101 million . However , according to the NBA league office , the Heat miscalculated their available salary under the salary cap by excluding performance bonuses for Tim Hardaway and P. J. Brown and failing to account for the impact of renegotiating Alonzo Mourning 's contract before coming to terms with Howard . The league rejected the contract on July 31 because Howard 's $ 9 million for the 1996 – 97 season placed the Heat over the cap . Howard then re @-@ signed with the Bullets on August 5 . He became the first player in NBA history to sign a contract worth more than $ 100 million ; his seven @-@ year contract was worth $ 105 million . The league ruled on August 5 that the Bullets could re @-@ sign Howard after having renounced his rights on July 15 to free up cap room to sign Tracy Murray and Lorenzo Williams if they forfeited their 1997 NBA Draft first @-@ round selection rights . The Bullets were not limited by the cap because they were re @-@ signing their own player . The Heat pursued legal remedy in Florida state courts , seeking acknowledgment of the prior validity and superiority of their earlier contract . Although an arbitration case involving the two contracts that Howard had signed appeared likely , ESPN reported that the Heat dropped their legal pursuit of Howard . The league moved for federal jurisdiction although the case remained on the docket for New York University law professor Daniel Collins to serve as arbitrator on three issues : " 1 . ) Did the Heat circumvent the cap in first signing Mourning ? ; 2 . ) Did the Heat <unk> bonus money for forward P. J. Brown and guard Tim Hardaway that was not counted correctly against the cap . ? ; 3 . ) Did the Heat add an illegal performance clause to Brown 's contract ? . " Meanwhile , the Heat 's contract was protected by a temporary injunction in Florida state court , which forbade any newer contract by Howard from abrogating his Miami contract . The Heat eventually dropped their case but the team , especially head coach Pat Riley , continued to vehemently claim that their case of wrongdoing in the form of erroneous rulings by the league had been very solid . If the Heat had pursued arbitration and had been found guilty of violating the salary cap , the team could have been fined $ 5 million and Heat coach Riley could have been suspended for the season . By dropping their actions , the Heat avoided any possible penalties . In addition to signing free agents Murray and Williams , the Bullets traded for Rod Strickland and Harvey Grant .
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To create the dinosaurs , Spielberg at first thought of hiring Bob Gurr , who designed a giant mechanical King Kong for Universal Studios Hollywood 's King Kong Encounter . Upon considering that the life @-@ sized dinosaurs would be too expensive and not all convincing , Spielberg instead sought the best effects supervisors in Hollywood . Brought in were Stan Winston to create the animatronic dinosaurs , Phil Tippett to create go motion dinosaurs for long shots credited as Dinosaur Supervisor , Michael Lantieri to supervise the on @-@ set effects , and Dennis Muren of Industrial Light & Magic to do the digital compositing . Paleontologist Jack Horner supervised the designs , to help fulfill Spielberg 's desire to portray the dinosaurs as animals rather than monsters . This led to the entry of certain concepts about dinosaurs , such as the theory that dinosaurs evolved into birds and had very little in common with lizards . One of the first consequences was the removal of the raptors ' flicking tongues in Tippett 's early animatics , as Horner complained it was implausible . Winston 's department created fully detailed models of the dinosaurs before molding latex skins , which were fitted over complex robotics . Tippett created stop @-@ motion animatics of both the raptors in the kitchen and the Tyrannosaurus attacking the car . But despite go motion 's attempts at motion blurs , Spielberg still found the end results unsatisfactory in terms of working in a live @-@ action feature film . Muren declared to Spielberg that he thought the dinosaurs could be built through computer @-@ generated imagery , and the director asked him to prove it . ILM animators Mark <unk> and Steve Williams developed a computer @-@ generated walk cycle for the T. rex skeleton , and were approved to do more . When Spielberg and Tippett saw an animatic of the T. rex chasing a herd of Gallimimus , Spielberg said , " You 're out of a job , " to which Tippett replied , " Don 't you mean extinct ? " Spielberg later wrote both the animatic and his dialogue between him and Tippett into the script , as a conversation between Malcolm and Grant . Although no go motion was used , Tippett and his animators were still used by the production to supervise dinosaur movement . Tippett acted as a consultant regarding dinosaur anatomy , and his stop motion animators were re @-@ trained as computer animators . The animatics made by Tippett 's team were also used along with the storyboards as a reference for what would be shot during the action sequences . ILM 's artists were sent to private tours to the local animal park so they could study large animals — rhinos , elephants , alligators , and giraffes — up close , and also received mime classes for understanding movements .
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In an effort to eliminate social inequalities , Guevara and Cuba 's new leadership had moved to swiftly transform the political and economic base of the country through nationalizing factories , banks , and businesses , while attempting to ensure affordable housing , healthcare , and employment for all Cubans . However , in order for a genuine transformation of consciousness to take root , Guevara believed that such structural changes would have to be accompanied by a conversion in people 's social relations and values . Believing that the attitudes in Cuba towards race , women , individualism , and manual labor were the product of the island 's outdated past , Guevara urged all individuals to view each other as equals and take on the values of what he termed " el Hombre Nuevo " ( the New Man ) . Guevara hoped his " new man " would ultimately be " selfless and cooperative , obedient and hard working , gender @-@ blind , incorruptible , non @-@ materialistic , and anti @-@ imperialist . " To accomplish this , Guevara emphasized the tenets of Marxism @-@ Leninism , and wanted to use the state to emphasize qualities such as egalitarianism and self @-@ sacrifice , at the same time as " unity , equality , and freedom " became the new maxims . Guevara 's first desired economic goal of the new man , which coincided with his aversion for wealth condensation and economic inequality , was to see a nationwide elimination of material incentives in favor of moral ones . He negatively viewed capitalism as a " contest among wolves " where " one can only win at the cost of others " and thus desired to see the creation of a " new man and woman " . Guevara continually stressed that a socialist economy in itself is not " worth the effort , sacrifice , and risks of war and destruction " if it ends up encouraging " greed and individual ambition at the expense of collective spirit " . A primary goal of Guevara 's thus became to reform " individual consciousness " and values to produce better workers and citizens . In his view , Cuba 's " new man " would be able to overcome the " egotism " and " selfishness " that he loathed and discerned was uniquely characteristic of individuals in capitalist societies . To promote this concept of a " new man " , the government also created a series of party @-@ dominated institutions and mechanisms on all levels of society , which included organizations such as labor groups , youth leagues , women 's groups , community centers , and houses of culture to promote state @-@ sponsored art , music , and literature . In congruence with this , all educational , mass media , and artistic community based facilities were nationalized and utilized to instill the government 's official socialist ideology . In describing this new method of " development " , Guevara stated :
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Several explanations of the cause of the September 2008 attacks have been postulated . Many Christians believe that the attacks were a direct response from right @-@ wing Hindu organisations who were targeting the people of Mangalore and the surrounding area because they had been outspoken about persecution of Christians in Orissa . St. Aloysius College , a Jesuit institution in Mangalore , and some other 2000 Christian schools in Karnataka , went on strike for varying periods between 29 August and 5 September prior to the attacks , protesting against anti @-@ Christian persecution in Orissa , contrary to the orders of the government who stated that they were to be regular work days . Primary and secondary education minister <unk> Hegde <unk> , responding to the shutting down of the Christian educational institutions in Karnataka , had directed the public education department to issue show @-@ cause notices to schools that had objected to the violence against Christians in Orissa . A Christian institution in Shimoga had reportedly received a notice from the education ministry of Karnataka during the strike saying , " The VHP and Bajrang Dal have conducted a protest against the closure of schools and criticised your action . They have submitted letters requesting action against you for this . In this context , you are asked to show cause as to why action should not be initiated against you for using religion as an excuse to announce a holiday and as to why permission to run your institution should not be withdrawn . " State Home Minister V. S. Acharya explained the reason for the notices , " All Christian institutions are grant @-@ in @-@ aid institutions of the government and they should have had the courtesy to inform us before declaring a holiday . Their decision to act unilaterally cannot be tolerated . " The education minister was backed by the State President D. V. Sadananda Gowda , who issued a statement in which he stated that Christian education institutions had committed a crime by declaring holiday without obtaining the state government 's permission . However , the Indian National Congress ( INC ) condemned Hegde 's statement to take action against Christian education institutions and the leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly , Mallikarjun <unk> , stated that " The minister 's statement is not proper . It may lead to law and order problem in the State . " Bajrang Dal proponents protested with banners outside the St. Aloysius College gates and across Mangalore on Saturday 31 August , the day after the college had closed for a holiday , chanting slogans such as , " Jai Mata Di " ( Hail to the Mother ) and " Bharat Mata ki jai " ( Hail Mother India ) . It should be noted , however , that the closure of the schools in Mangalore were not alone ; some 45 @,@ 000 institutions across India had participated on 29 August in a " prayer for peace and communal harmony " in response to the events in Orissa .
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Following the Battle of Glen <unk> , between Clan Gregor and Clan Colquhoun in February 1603 , there was much public outcry against the rebellious MacGregors . By an Act of the Privy Council , on 3 April 1603 , it was made an offence to bear the name MacGregor , or to give and shelter to a MacGregor . The Earl of Argyll , who was responsible to the Privy Council for the actions of the MacGregors , was entrusted to bring the force of the law against this lawless clan . Being deeply suspicious of Ardincaple 's dealings with Glenstrae , one of Argyll 's first moves was to bring acts against Ardincaple . On 17 March 1603 , Aulay MacAulay of Ardincaple and his sureties were ordered to appear and answer for aiding , supplying , and <unk> with Alasdair MacGregor of Glenstrae and other MacGregors . He was also to answer for not " rising ye fray " and pursuing the outlawed clan Gregor in the Lennox . Ardincaple was accused of bringing the MacGregor " <unk> and <unk> " to the Colquhoun lands of Luss and for their part in stealing from the Colquhouns of Luss . Again the influence of the Duke of Lennox saved Ardincaple and his clan from the same fate as Glenstrae and his . On 7 April 1603 , James VI wrote from Berwick to the Justice General and his deputies , declaring Ardincaple to be innocent of the alleged crimes and that he was to accompany the king to England with the Duke of Lennox . By the time the King 's letter was received , Ardincaple had already left the Lennox district as part of the Duke of Lennox 's train , which accompanied James VI on his way to England to be declared King James I of England . The outlawed Glenstrae was finally apprehended by Argyll on 18 January 1604 after almost a year in <unk> and brought to Edinburgh to stand trial . The illiterate Glenstrae consented to give a preliminary statement which was titled a ' confession ' and convicted him out of his own mouth . Within his ' confession ' , Glenstrae accused Argyll of trying to persuade him to kill the chief of the MacAulays : " I Confess , before God , that he did all his <unk> diligence to <unk> me to slay and destroy the Laird <unk> , <unk> , for <unk> <unk> <unk> or <unk> that he <unk> do or gif me . The quhilk I did <unk> , in respect of my faithfull <unk> maid to <unk> of <unk> " .
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The expansion of the church coincided with a period of growth in the population of Reculver parish as a whole , which approximately doubled from that of 1086 to more than 1 @,@ 000 people by the late 13th century . The first record explicitly to mention All Saints ' dates from 1284 , when the community it served complained to the archbishop of Canterbury that the vicar of Reculver had failed to provide a chaplain to celebrate daily mass . In 1296 the archbishop settled a dispute concerning a duty to pay for repairs to the church , specifying that this was owed by owners of property on and around part of " North Street " . In 1310 Archbishop Robert Winchelsey of Canterbury established St Nicholas @-@ at @-@ Wade as a parish , with All Saints ' Church as its chapel , served by a vicar and an assistant priest . According to the document by which that was done , the parish of Reculver had served more than 1 @,@ 000 parishioners in the time of Winchelsey 's predecessor , and this population was " continually increasing " , to the extent that a single vicar for the whole parish was inadequate . While Thanet was then still an island separated from the rest of Kent by the Wantsum Channel , the new arrangement was also prompted by the inconvenience posed by the distance between these chapels on the Isle of Thanet and their mother church at Reculver . However , the document specified that the vicar of St Nicholas @-@ at @-@ Wade with All Saints ' had to pay £ <unk> ( £ 3 @.@ 17 ) annually to the vicar of Reculver " as a sign of subjection " . The vicar also had to go to Reculver " in procession " with his assistant priest and his parishioners every year on Whit Monday – the eighth day after Easter – as well as being present at Reculver for the Nativity of the Virgin Mary , the patron saint of Reculver , on 8 September . The visits to Reculver continued in the mid @-@ 16th century , when they were recorded by John Leland , and the parish of St Nicholas @-@ at @-@ Wade was still making annual payments to Reculver in the 19th century . Archbishop Winchelsey 's instructions also set out relative values for the parishes of Reculver and St Nicholas @-@ at @-@ Wade with All Saints ' , in allocating dues for taxes known as " clerical tenths " . Reculver was liable for <unk> ( <unk> ) , compared to St Nicholas @-@ at @-@ Wade with All Saints ' <unk> ( <unk> ) . The first vicar of St Nicholas @-@ at @-@ Wade with All Saints ' was named by Archbishop Winchelsey as Andrew de <unk> .
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Gygax offered to Stephen Chenault and Davis Chenault of Troll Lord Games to write books for Troll Lord , and on June 11 , 2001 Troll Lord announced this fact . On October 9 , 2001 , Necromancer Games announced that they would be publishing a d20 version of Necropolis , an adventure originally planned by Gygax for New Infinities Productions and later printed in 1992 as a Mythus adventure by <unk> ; Necromancer took a year to produce Gary Gygax 's Necropolis ( 2002 ) , and he did not do any more work with them . Gygax 's early work for Troll Lord included a series of hardcover books that eventually came to be called " Gygax Fantasy Worlds " , which included The <unk> Crew ( 2002 ) , a look at the roguish underworld , and World Builder ( 2003 ) and Living Fantasy ( 2003 ) , generic game design books usable in many different settings ; after the first four books in the series , Gygax dropped back to an <unk> role , though they still carried his name as part of the series logo . Troll Lord also published a few adventures as a result of their partnership with Gygax , including The Hermit ( 2002 ) an adventure intended for d20 and also for Lejendary Adventures . By 2002 , Gygax had given Christopher Clark an encyclopaedic 72 @,@ 000 @-@ word text describing the Lejendary Earth ; Clark split the manuscript up into five books and expanded it , with each of the final books coming to about 128 @,@ 000 words , which gave Hekaforge a third Lejendary Adventures line , to supplement the core rules and adventures , and managed to publish the first two of those Lejendary Earth sourcebooks : Gazetteer ( 2002 ) and Noble Kings and Great Lands ( 2003 ) . By 2003 Hekaforge was having financial difficulties that led Clark to ask Troll Lord Games to become an " angel " investor by publishing new Lejendary Adventures books . Gygax was the editor @-@ in @-@ chief for Troll Lord Games ' series of fantasy reference books , <unk> Fantasy Worlds . After Gygax 's stroke in 2004 , he was never able to commit the same time or effort to writing that he had previously , and beginning with Gary Gygax 's Extraordinary Book of Names ( 2004 ) , the <unk> Fantasy Worlds series was only overseen by him , and after that , the line only lasted two more years , through the publication of Gary Gygax 's Cosmos Builder ( 2006 ) . As a result of their agreement with Hekaforge , Troll Lord was able to publish about a dozen additional Lejendary Adventures books from 2005 – 2008 .
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By the 1980s , critics emphasised the power of the poem 's message and technique , and it was seen as an important English poem . After analyzing the language of the poem , W. Hutchings declared in 1984 , " The epitaph , then , is still making us think , still disturbing us , even as it uses the language of conventional Christianity and conventional epitaphs . Gray does not want to round his poem off neatly , because death is an experience of which we cannot be certain , but also because the logic of his syntax demands continuity rather than completion . " Also in 1984 , Anne Williams claimed , " ever since publication it has been both popular and universally admired . Few readers then or now would dispute Dr. Johnson 's appraisal ... In the twentieth century we have remained eager to praise , yet praise has proved difficult ; although tradition and general human experience affirm that the poem is a masterpiece , and although one could hardly wish a single word changed , it seems surprisingly resistant to analysis . It is lucid , and at first appears as seamless and smooth as monumental alabaster . " Harold Bloom , in 1987 , claimed , " What moves me most about the superb Elegy is the quality that , following Milton , it shares with so many of the major elegies down to Walt Whitman 's ... Call this quality the pathos of a poetic death @-@ in @-@ life , the fear that one either has lost one 's gift before life has ebbed , or that one may lose life before the poetic gift has expressed itself fully . This strong pathos of Gray 's Elegy achieves a central position as the antithetical tradition that truly mourns primarily a loss of the self . " In 1988 , Morris Golden , after describing Gray as a " poet 's poet " and places him " within the pantheon of those poets with whom familiarity is inescapable for anyone educated in the English language " declared that in " the ' Elegy Written in a Country Church @-@ yard , ' mankind has felt itself to be directly addressed by a very sympathetic , human voice . " He later pointed out : " Gray 's ' Elegy ' was universally admired in his lifetime and has remained continuously the most popular of mid @-@ eighteenth @-@ century English poems ; it is , as Gosse has called it , the standard English poem . The reason for this extraordinary unanimity of praise are as varied as the ways in which poetry can appeal . The ' Elegy ' is a beautiful technical accomplishment , as can be seen even in such details as the variation of the vowel sounds or the poet 's rare discretion in the choice of adjectives and adverbs . Its phrasing is both elegant and memorable , as is evident from the incorporation of much of it into the living language . "
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According to biographer Patrick McGilligan , Eastwood had many other affairs , including with co @-@ stars Inger Stevens ( Hang ' Em High ) , Jean Seberg ( Paint Your Wagon ) and Jo Ann Harris ( The Beguiled ) , as well as actresses Jill Banner , Catherine Deneuve , and Susan St. James , columnist Bridget Byrne , competitive swimmer Anita <unk> , and singer Keely Smith during his marriage to Johnson , who , after a trial separation and lingering bout of hepatitis in the mid @-@ 1960s , expressed her desire to reconcile and start a family . They had two children together : Kyle Eastwood ( born May 19 , 1968 ) and Alison Eastwood ( born May 22 , 1972 ) . At some point in 1972 , Eastwood met married actress ( later director ) Sondra Locke . The two began living together while filming The Outlaw Josey Wales in the autumn of 1975 , by which time , according to Locke , " He had told me that there was no real relationship left between him and Maggie . " Locke wrote in her autobiography , " Clint seemed astonished at his need for me , even admitting that he 'd never been faithful to one woman — because he 'd " never been in love before , " he confided . He even made up a song about it : " She made me monogamous . " That flattered and delighted me . I would never doubt his faithfulness and his love for me . " Locke moved into the Sherman Oaks house Eastwood had once shared with Johnson ( who by then lived full @-@ time in Pebble Beach ) , but felt uncomfortable there because " psychologically , it would always be Maggie 's . " " Finally I told Clint that I couldn 't live there any longer , " writes Locke . The couple moved to Bel @-@ Air in a fixer @-@ upper Locke spent three years renovating . She underwent two abortions and a tubal ligation in the late 1970s and was most reluctant about the second abortion , noting " I couldn 't help but think that that baby , with both Clint 's and my best qualities , would be extraordinary . " Johnson made no secret of her dislike for Locke , even though the two women never met . " Maggie placed severe rules on my relationship with the kids . Apparently , she never forgave me ... After she learned that Clint had taken me onto her property to show me a baby deer that had just been born there , she laid down a rule that I was never to be allowed there again . I was not even allowed to phone the Pebble Beach house . " In 1978 Johnson filed for legal separation from Eastwood , but did not officially divorce him until May 1984 , receiving a reported cash settlement of $ 25 million . Locke never divorced her legal husband , homosexual sculptor Gordon Anderson , who resided with his male companion in a West Hollywood home purchased by Eastwood .
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The Portuguese encouraged intermarriage with the local population , and strongly supported the Roman Catholic Church . They converted nearly 10 @,@ 000 natives to Christianity in Bassein , Thane , and neighbouring places . They started the Inquisition in India in 1560 . These people were referred as " Portuguese Christians " . Later , named themselves as the East Indian Catholics ( after the British East India Company ) during the British regime because Goan and Mangalorean Catholic settlers in Bombay were also referred to as " Portuguese Christians " by British . After António Pessoa 's death in 1571 , a patent was issued which granted Mazagaon in perpetuity to the Sousa e Lima family . The St. Andrew Church at Bandra was built in 1575 by the Portuguese Jesuits . The union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain in 1580 – 1640 opened the way for other European powers to follow the spice routes to India . The Dutch arrived first , closely followed by the British . The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city . The Madh Fort was one of their most important constructions in Salsette . The first English merchants arrived in Bombay in November 1583 , and travelled through Bassein and Thana . A prominent merchant among them was Ralph Fitch from London . They mentioned that Bassein and Thana were trading in rice and corn on a small scale . They arrived in Chaul on 10 November 1583 . During this time , Bombay 's main trade was coconuts and coir . The Portuguese Franciscans had obtained practical control of Salsette and Mahim by 1585 , and built Nossa Senhora do Bom Conselho ( Our Lady of Good Advice , affiliated to <unk> de São Miguel / St. Michael 's Church in 1596 ) at Sion and Nossa Senhora da <unk> ( Our Lady of Salvation , popularly referred as " Portuguese Church " ) at Dadar in 1596 . The immense natural advantages of Bombay aroused the cupidity of the English who recognized its value as a naval base . In November 1612 , the British fought the Battle of <unk> with the Portuguese at Surat for the possession of Bombay . The British emerged victorious in the battle , and the Portuguese defeat was a significant event in marking the beginning of the end of their commercial monopoly over western India . Later , the British burnt the manor house built by Garcia de Orta in 1626 . Dorabji Nanabhoy , a Gujarati trader , was the first Parsi to settle in Bombay in 1640 . The Parsis immensely contributed towards the future development of Bombay during the British period . In 1640 , the Portuguese built Castella da Aguada ( Fort of the <unk> ) at Bandra , as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay , the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim . It was armed with seven cannons and other smaller guns as defence .
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3 @,@ 500 people attended the event . Canadian Online Explorer writer Chris Sokol rated the entire event a seven and a half out of ten , which was higher than the six out of ten given to the 2007 Against All Odds event by Chris Sokol . Against All Odds rating was higher than TNA 's previous event Final Resolution , which was given a six out of ten . It was also higher than the six given to TNA 's next event Destination X. Compared to rival World Wrestling Entertainment 's No Way Out PPV event held on February 17 , 2008 , Against All Odds was rated higher as No Way Out was given a six out of ten by Dave Hillhouse . Sokol gave the main event his highest rating of the review a nine out of ten . The Six Man Tag Team Street Fight was given an eight out of ten . The Barbed Wire Massacre and Booker T versus Robert Roode bouts were both ranked with a six out of ten . The lowest rating of Sokol 's review was given to the TNA World Tag Team Championship match with a four out of ten . Sokol felt the main event was an " instant classic " , while the Street Fight was a " great match . " Regarding the Barbed Wire Massacre , Sokol believed it was a " decent match overall . " The Booker T and Roode contest he thought was " more of a brawl " than a match . Wade Keller of the Pro Wrestling Torch rated the main event three and a half stars out of five , his highest rating of the review , and believed there was just " too much interference at the end . " Keller gave the Street Fight three stars out of five , while the Barbed Wire Massacre was given two and a quarter stars out of five . Booker T versus Roode was given one and three @-@ quarter stars out of five , while Payton Banks versus Traci Brooks was ranked with half of a star out of give , Keller 's lowest rating . Keller thought the Street Fight was a " good chaotic brawl , " while the Roode versus Booker T bout had " good intensity " but was " short for a grudge match with an unsatisfying finish . " Keller felt the Barbed Wire Massacre " largely delivered " on what people " expected based on the build up . " James Caldwell of the Pro Wrestling Torch also reviewed the event , giving the main event his highest rating of four and one @-@ quarter stars out of five and the Roode versus Booker and Barbed Wire Massacre his lowest rating with one star each . Caldwell gave the Street Fight three stars out of five . Commenting on the main event , Caldwell said it was a " really strong main event " and " easily top match on the show . " Caldwell felt the Street Fight qualified for " best match of the show " up to that point . The event was released on DVD on April 22 , 2008 by TNA Home Video .
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In " We Need To Talk About Kevin , " Dean escapes Purgatory with the help of the vampire Benny , but Castiel is not with him . He later tells Sam that things got hairy near the end and that Castiel didn 't make it , that he " let go . " While Dean doesn 't elaborate , he is clearly affected by this . In a flashback scene , Dean is shown looking for Castiel in Purgatory , interrogating a vampire for his location . As a result , he meets Benny and only agrees to Benny 's deal to get out if they find Castiel first and help him escape too . Castiel appears in flashbacks in the following episode , where he reveals that he fled Dean to keep him safe from the Leviathans and other monsters that are angry at Castiel , but Dean refuses to leave Purgatory without Castiel . When talking with another angel at an auction for the second Word of God tablet , Dean again states that Castiel did not make it out of Purgatory . He later escapes with the aid of an army of angels sent to rescue him – having initially remained behind as penance for his actions to stop a duo of Leviathans that were trying to attack Dean and Benny as they left Purgatory – but the other angels not only erase his memory that they were responsible for his escape , but also erase his memory of their subsequent ' check @-@ ins ' to discuss the Winchesters ' actions , with Castiel forced to tell them about the Winchesters ' progress in the search for the tablet . Apparently back to full power , Castiel helps the Winchesters save Kevin from <unk> who has been abducting future Prophets to try to find another means of reading the Word of God <unk> and destroy the tablet to prevent Crowley using it , retaining half of the tablet while Crowley flees with the other half . Afterwards , in " <unk> <unk> , " Castiel cuts off his ability to listen into the other angels and decides to become a full @-@ time hunter to avoid facing the other angels about what he has done . Castiel proves instrumental in solving the case , using his abilities to enter the mind of a man with reality warping powers , allowing Sam to bring him back to reality with a speech about not running from it . Later , at the request of the man , Fred , Castiel strips him of his powers so he is no longer a danger to anyone though it leaves him mentally damaged . Castiel , having listened to Sam 's speech about running from reality as well as Fred , decides to return to Heaven to try to make up for what he did , but is forbidden by Naomi , the angel who ordered his rescue . Instead , Castiel stays to watch out for Fred for a while , but accepts that he can no longer run from what he has done .
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