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Kubrick met author Michael Herr through mutual friend David Cornwell ( novelist John le Carré ) in 1980 , and became interested in his book Dispatches , about the Vietnam War . Herr had recently written Martin Sheen 's narration for Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Kubrick was also intrigued by Gustav Hasford 's Vietnam War novel The Short @-@ Timers . With the vision in mind to shoot what would become Full Metal Jacket ( 1987 ) , Kubrick began working with both Herr and Hasford separately on a script . He eventually found Hasford 's novel to be " brutally honest " and decided to shoot a film which closely follows the novel . All of the film was shot at a cost of $ 17 million within a 30 @-@ mile radius of his house between August 1985 and September 1986 , later than scheduled as Kubrick shut down production for five months following a near @-@ fatal accident with a jeep involving Lee Ermey . A derelict gasworks in Beckton in the London Docklands area posed as the ruined city of Huế , which makes the film visually very different from other Vietnam War films . Around 200 palm trees were imported via 40 @-@ foot trailers by road from North Africa , at a cost of £ 1000 a tree , and thousands of plastic plants were ordered from Hong Kong to provide foliage for the film . Kubrick explained he made the film look realistic by using natural light , and achieved a " newsreel effect " by making the Steadicam shots less steady , which reviewers and commentators thought contributed to the bleakness and seriousness of the film . According to critic Michel Ciment , the film contained some of Kubrick 's trademark characteristics , such as his selection of ironic music , portrayals of men being dehumanized , and attention to extreme detail to achieve realism . In a later scene where United States Marines patrol the ruins of an abandoned and totally destroyed city , the theme song to the Mickey Mouse Club is heard as a sardonic counterpoint . The film opened strongly in June 1987 , taking over $ 30 million in the first 50 days alone , but critically it was overshadowed by the success of Oliver Stone 's Platoon , released a year earlier . According to one review , notes co @-@ star Matthew Modine , " The first half of FMJ is brilliant . Then the film degenerates into a masterpiece . " Roger Ebert was not particularly impressed with it , awarding it a mediocre 2 @.@ 5 out of 4 . He concluded : " Stanley Kubrick 's Full Metal Jacket is more like a book of short stories than a novel " , a " strangely shapeless film from the man whose work usually imposes a ferociously consistent vision on his material " . Kubrick 's final film was Eyes Wide Shut ( 1999 ) , starring Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman as a Manhattan couple on a sexual odyssey . Tom Cruise portrays a doctor who witnesses a bizarre masked <unk> orgiastic ritual at a country mansion , a discovery which later threatens his life . The story is based on Arthur Schnitzler 's 1926 Freudian novella <unk> ( Dream Story in English ) , which Kubrick relocated from turn @-@ of @-@ the @-@ century Vienna to New York City in the 1990s . Kubrick said of the novel : " A difficult book to describe — what good book isn 't . It explores the sexual ambivalence of a happy marriage and tries to equate the importance of sexual dreams and might @-@ have @-@ beens with reality . All of Schnitzler 's work is psychologically brilliant " . Although Kubrick was almost 70 , he worked relentlessly for 15 months to get the film out by its planned release date of July 16 , 1999 . He commenced a script with Frederic Raphael , and worked 18 hours a day , all the while maintaining complete confidentiality about the film . Principal photography began on November 7 , 1996 , and ended in February 1998 . Eyes Wide Shut , like Lolita and A Clockwork Orange before it , faced censorship before release . Kubrick sent an unfinished preview copy to the stars and producers a few months before release , but his sudden death on March 7 , 1999 , came a few days after he finished editing . He never saw the final version released to the public , but he did see the preview of the film with Warner Bros. , Cruise , and Kidman , and had reportedly told Warner executive Julian Senior that it was " my best film ever " . Today , critical opinion of the film is mixed , and it is viewed less favorably than most of Kubrick 's films . Roger Ebert awarded it 3 @.@ 5 out 4 stars , comparing the structure to a thriller and writing that it is " like an erotic daydream about chances missed and opportunities avoided " , and thought that Kubrick 's use of lighting at Christmas made the film " all a little garish , like an urban sideshow . " Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post disliked the film , writing : " Its actually sad , rather than bad . It feels creaky , ancient , hopelessly out of touch , infatuated with the hot taboos of his youth and unable to connect with that twisty thing contemporary sexuality has become . "
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A homicide can be brought about through act or omission . Baker , notes " R v Evans [ 2009 ] EWCA Crim 650 , [ 2009 ] 1 WLR 1999 holds that if a person merely facilitates another to create a dangerous situation for himself , that person may be held criminally liable for a homicide offence if that self @-@ endangerment results in death . Evans 's sister made an intervening choice to self @-@ inject and it was her independent self @-@ injection that was the direct cause of the dangerous situation . Evans 's pre @-@ existing duty of care was grounded on her act of supply and her awareness of the fact that her act of supply had facilitated the creation of a dangerous and life @-@ threatening situation . Evans did not create the dangerous situation , but rather she merely made an indirect causative contribution to the dangerous situation . Furthermore , if she had merely supplied the drugs and had left the scene , and therefore had remained ignorant of the fact that her act of supply had resulted in a dangerous overdose situation , her act of mere supply per se would not have been sufficient for a conviction of gross negligence manslaughter . " Baker , Dennis J , <unk> Liability for Homicide Offences : Reconciling R V Kennedy with R V Evans ( May 21 , 2012 ) . ( 2010 ) 74 Journal of Criminal Law 310 . Available at SSRN : http : / / <unk> / abstract = <unk> Elsewhere Baker argues : " In R. v. Evans , Gemma Evans , a 24 @-@ year @-@ old woman , purchased heroin and supplied her 16 @-@ year @-@ old sister , Carly . Carly self @-@ injected in a house in which she resided with Evans ( the defendant ) and her mother . After injecting the drug she developed and complained of symptoms consistent with an overdose . Evans appreciated that Carly ’ s condition was very serious and indicative of an overdose and , together with her mother , Andrea Townsend , who was also convicted of manslaughter , believed that she was responsible for Carly ’ s care . “ The appellant described in a later interview with the police that she had seen that Carly ’ s lips had turned blue , that she was ‘ in a mess ’ , and was incapable of responding to attempts to speak to her . The appellant and her mother decided not to seek medical assistance because they feared that they themselves and possibly Carly would get into trouble . ” Instead , they put Carly in bed with the hope that she would make a miraculous recovery . The defendant and her mother checked on Carly occasionally and slept in the same room , but tragically , Carly died during the night . The medical evidence demonstrated that the cause of death was heroin poisoning . Evans and Townsend were charged with manslaughter .... Lord Judge C.J. held that Gemma Evans assisted Carly Evans to create a dangerous situation and was aware of the danger she assisted Carly to bring about for herself and that these two factors gave rise to a duty of reasonable rescue . The mother was convicted on the basis of her parental duty , which required her to take reasonable steps to summon assistance . Since Evans was an older half @-@ sister , she was not covered by the parental duty doctrine . Instead , a new law had to be minted to catch her conduct . The new law being that mere assistance gives rise to duty of care . Since Evans assisted her sister ’ s overdose by supplying the drug she had a duty to summon help once she realised her sister was in peril . This category of duty is a newly minted one . Arguably , the courts cannot create further situations ( or declare further relationships such as roommate / roommate ) where a duty will be imposed the breach of which will amount to manslaughter . Hence , the categories should be regarded as closed . Cases not covered by the aforementioned duties should not give rise to a duty of care . It is arguable that since the conduct in R. v. Evans ( assisting another to create a dangerous situation for herself ) is not covered by the R. v. Miller doctrine ( perpetrating an act that directly creates a dangerous situation ) , nor by the category of duty as set down in R. v. Stone , the Court of Appeal should have held that Evans had no duty of care . There is nothing wrong with applying R. v. Miller to a manslaughter case , but the court extended the R. v. Miller doctrine to cover mere facilitation , and then applied that new doctrine to manslaughter . The category of duty created in R. v. Evans seems to contravene the ruling in R. v. <unk> , which holds that judges cannot extend common law offences to cover new forms of conduct . It is one thing to apply an existing doctrine to new facts , and another to apply it to conceptually different conduct such as assistance rather than perpetration . " Dennis J. Baker , Glanville Williams : Textbook of Criminal Law , ( London : Sweet & Maxwell , 2015 ) at paragraph 10 @-@ 024 .
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Compared to most other raptors which mostly nest in April or May , bald eagles are early breeders : nest building or reinforcing is often by mid @-@ February , egg laying is often late February ( sometimes during deep snow in the North ) , and incubation is usually mid @-@ March and early May . Eggs hatch from mid April to early May , and the young fledge late June to early July . The nest is the largest of any bird in North America ; it is used repeatedly over many years and with new material added each year may eventually be as large as 4 m ( 13 ft ) deep , 2 @.@ 5 m ( 8 @.@ 2 ft ) across and weigh 1 metric ton ( 1 @.@ 1 short tons ) ; one nest in Florida was found to be 6 @.@ 1 m ( 20 ft ) deep , 2 @.@ 9 meters ( 9 @.@ 5 ft ) across , and to weigh 3 short tons ( 2 @.@ 7 metric tons ) . This nest is on record as the largest tree nest ever recorded for any animal . Usually nests are used for under five years or so , as they either collapse in storms or break the branches supporting them by their sheer weight . However , one nest in the Midwest was occupied continuously for at least 34 years . The nest is built out of branches , usually in large trees found near water . When breeding where there are no trees , the bald eagle will nest on the ground , as has been recorded largely in areas largely isolated from terrestrial predators , such as Amchitka Island in Alaska . In Sonora , Mexico , eagles have been observed nesting on top of Hecho <unk> ( Pachycereus <unk> ) . Nests located on cliffs and rock pinnacles have been reported historically in California , Kansas , Nevada , New Mexico and Utah , but currently are only verified to occur only in Alaska and Arizona . The eggs average about 73 mm ( 2 @.@ 9 in ) long , ranging from 58 to 85 mm ( 2 @.@ 3 to 3 @.@ 3 in ) , and have a breadth of 54 mm ( 2 @.@ 1 in ) , ranging from 47 to 63 cm ( 19 to 25 in ) . Eggs in Alaska averaged 130 g ( 4 @.@ 6 oz ) in mass , while in Saskatchewan they averaged 114 @.@ 4 g ( 4 @.@ 04 oz ) . As with their ultimate body size , egg size tends to increase further away from the Equator . Eagles produce between one and three eggs per year , two being typical . Rarely , four eggs have been found in nests but these may be exceptional cases of polygyny . Eagles in captivity have been capable of producing up to seven <unk> it is rare for all three chicks to successfully reach the fledging stage . The oldest chick often bears the advantage of larger size and louder voice , which tends to draw the parents attention towards it . Occasionally , as is recorded in many large raptorial birds , the oldest sibling sometimes attacks and kills its younger sibling ( s ) , especially early in the nesting period when their sizes are most different . However , nearly half of known bald eagle produce two <unk> ( more rarely three ) , unlike in some other " eagle " species such as some in the Aquila genus , in which a second fledging is typically observed in less than 20 % of nests , despite two eggs typically being laid . Both the male and female take turns incubating the eggs , but the female does most of the sitting . The parent not incubating will hunt for food or look for nesting material during this stage . For the first two to three weeks of the nestling period , at least one adult is at the nest almost 100 % of the time . After five to six weeks , the attendance of parents usually drops off considerably ( with the parents often perching in trees nearby ) . A young eaglet can gain up to 170 g ( 6 @.@ 0 oz ) a day , the fastest growth rate of any North American bird . The young <unk> pick up and manipulate sticks , play tug of war with each other , practice holding things in their talons , and stretch and flap their wings . By eight weeks , the <unk> are strong enough to flap their wings , lift their feet off the nest platform , and rise up in the air . The young fledge at anywhere from 8 to 14 weeks of age , though will remain close to the nest and attended to by their parents for a further 6 weeks . Juvenile eagles first start dispersing away from their parents about 8 weeks after they fledge . Variability in departure date related to effects of sex and hatching order on growth and development . For the next four years , immature eagles wander widely in search of food until they attain adult plumage and are eligible to reproduce .
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To the southeast of the hall is the stable block which partly surrounds a courtyard . It has a south front of nine bays , the middle three of which project forwards and have a pediment carried on four large Doric pilasters . The block originally had a cupola , but this has been removed . A formal garden has been built between the east wing and the stable block . Standing in this garden is a lead statue of a reclining , naked male figure , said to be Father Tiber , the river god . This formerly stood in the Wilderness garden . On the wall behind the statue are two carved unicorn heads , the emblem of the Legh family . These formerly stood on pillars at the eastern entrance to the grounds . The statues have been designated as a Grade II listed building . A Grade II building is one that is " nationally important and of special interest " . To the south of the formal garden is a stone statue of Napoleon carved by George Turner and dated 1837 . To the west of the hall is a ha @-@ ha in rubble sandstone dating from the 18th century . It was built to act as a barrier between the west side of the garden and the deer park beyond it , and is listed Grade II . Immediately to the south of the hall is a circular lawn , in the centre of which is a sundial that probably dates from about 1825 . Constructed in ashlar buff sandstone and standing on a pair of circular steps , it consists of an octagonal base with a partly fluted baluster supporting an octagonal moulded capstone . The capstone carries a copper plate inscribed with Roman numerals and the initials " TL " , and has a simple triangular gnomon . The sundial is also listed Grade II . Leading south from the lawn is a walk known as the Lime Avenue , which is entered through gates dated 1688 . The gates are in wrought iron and the piers in ashlar buff gritstone ; these are again listed Grade II . The avenue leads to another Grade II listed building , a structure known as the Shell House , so @-@ called because its interior is decorated with shells and coloured mirrors . It is a single @-@ storey cottage constructed in red brick with buff sandstone dressings . The roof is in stone @-@ slate and the chimney is brick . The wall is in brick with a stone coping . In front of Shell Cottage another sundial , also listed Grade II . This was probably built in the early 18th century for John Legh , and moved to its present position in the middle of that century . It is thought that the pillar on which it stands was originally a Saxon cross base . The octagonal copper plate is inscribed with Roman numerals , the longitude of Adlington , and John Legh 's initials . To the front of the Shell House is another walk , known as the Yew Walk . At the back and side of the house is a rockery . To the south and west of the Shell House is a wooded area known as the Wilderness , through which runs the River Dean ( or Dene ) . Many of the winding paths created by Charles Legh in the Wilderness are now overgrown , and some of the buildings are in a poor condition , or have collapsed into ruin . One building still in good condition is the Tig House , a small square pavilion overlooking the river , an early example of a building in the <unk> style . It is constructed in red brick and partly clad in black and white timber framing . It has a stone @-@ slate pyramidal roof with a wooden finial , and is listed Grade II . Near to this is the a bridge known as the Chinese Bridge crossing the river , but the summerhouse which once stood on the bridge is no longer present . Another structure in the Wilderness is the Temple of Diana . This is a circular temple with a dome constructed in ashlar buff sandstone . It stands on a stylobate which supports six Doric columns and an entablature . The structure is listed Grade II . This appears to be in good condition , but in the early 2000s was said to be suffering from damp . Other buildings known as the <unk> and the Hermitage , have been damaged by falling trees . At the north entrance to the grounds is a pair of gate piers that are listed Grade II . The piers are in rusticated ashlar sandstone and are surmounted by ball finials . The gates are iron and are similar to those at the end of the lime avenue . At the other end of the grounds , at the site of the former south approach , is a pair of sandstone gate piers dating from the middle of the 18th century . They originally carried the carved unicorn heads that are now in the formal garden , and were left isolated when the route of the turnpike road was moved . They are listed Grade II .
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The feud continued for several months , until he regained the title on December 11 , 2009 , at the main event of Guerra de Titanes . Cosme 's third reign as AAA Mega Champion ended on March 12 , 2010 , at the 2010 Rey de Reyes event . He was not booked to lose , but Electroshock ( Edgar Luna <unk> ) submitted Mr. Anderson ( Ken Anderson ) , the third wrestler in the match , to win the championship . Afterwards , El Mesías began feuding with invaders from Los Perros del Mal , the group 's leader El Hijo del Perro Aguayo in particular . On August 14 at Verano de Escandalo Aguayo , Damián 666 and L.A. Park defeated El Mesías , Cibernético and La Parka in a six @-@ man tag team match , when Aguayo pinned Mesías after hitting him with a chair . On October 1 at Héroes Inmortales IV El Mesías gained a measure of revenge on Aguayo by defeating him in a singles match . On November 1 El Mesías entered the 2010 Lucha Libre Premier tournament . The first two rounds of the tournament were wrestled in a <unk> <unk> format , with El Mesías teaming with Electroshock . The two would defeat the teams of Extreme Tiger and L.A. Park and <unk> and Hernandez to make it to the semifinal four – way match , where El Mesías and El Zorro , defeated Electroshock and Dr. Wagner , Jr. to advance to the finals . On November 28 El Mesías defeated El Zorro in the finals of the tournament to win the 2010 Lucha Libre Premier . Afterwards Mesías entered a feud with La Sociedad member L.A. Park , who defeated him on December 5 at Guerra de Titanes , after using a chair on him . On March 18 , 2011 , at Rey de Reyes , El Mesías and Park were both eliminated from the finals of the 2011 Rey de Reyes tournament , after brawling to a double countout . On May 18 , El Mesías challenged , and Park accepted , for the two to end their feud at Triplemanía XIX in a Mask vs. Hair match . On June 18 at <unk> XIX , Park defeated El Mesías , forcing him to have his head shaved . El Mesías returned to AAA a month later at Verano de Escándalo , saving Dr. Wagner , Jr. from La Sociedad . On October 9 at Héroes Inmortales , El Mesías wrestled TNA performer Sting to a no contest in what was billed as a " dream match " by AAA , following interference from La Sociedad . The match had been put together by AAA Mega Champion Jeff Jarrett in an attempt to stop El Mesías from chasing his title . On December 16 at Guerra de Titanes , El Mesías defeated TNA performers A.J. Styles and Rob Terry in back @-@ to @-@ back matches to become the number one contender to Jarrett 's title . On March 18 , 2012 , at Rey de Reyes , El Mesías defeated Jeff Jarrett to win the AAA Mega Championship for the fourth time . On April 23 , El Mesías underwent surgery on his arm ; as a result , he was sidelined from in @-@ ring action for three months . In storyline , El Hijo del Perro Aguayo was credited with causing the injury . El Mesías returned on July 13 , attacking Aguayo and his Perros del Mal stable . On August 5 at Triplemanía XX , El Mesías successfully defended the AAA Mega Championship against Aguayo . He then went on to lose the title to El Texano , Jr. on December 2 at Guerra de Titanes . On March 17 , 2013 , El Mesías defeated Canek and L.A. Park in the finals to win the 2013 Rey de Reyes tournament . In October , El Mesías came together with two former rivals , Cibernético and El Hijo del Perro Aguayo , to battle the Secta stable , after its members had turned on Cibernético . The partnership was ended on December 8 at Guerra de Titanes , when Aguayo turned rudo , leading to the reformation of La Sociedad . On August 17 , 2014 , at Triplemanía XXII , El Mesías won fellow técnico Electroshock 's hair in a six @-@ way steel cage Lucha de Apuestas .
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Raskolnikov 's dreams have a symbolic meaning , which suggests a psychological view . The dream of the mare being whipped has been suggested as the fullest single expression of the whole novel , symbolizing gratification and punishment , contemptible motives and contemptible society , depicting the nihilistic destruction of an unfit mare , the gratification therein , and Rodion 's disgust and horror , as an example of his conflicted character . Raskolnikov 's disgust and horror is central to the theme of his conflicted character , his guilty conscience , his contempt for society , his rationality of himself as an extraordinary man above greater society , holding authority to kill , and his concept of justified murder . His reaction is pivotal , provoking his first taking of life toward the rationalization of himself as above greater society . The dream is later mentioned when Raskolnikov talks to Marmeladov . Marmeladov 's daughter , morally chaste and devout Sonya , must earn a living as a prostitute for their impoverished family , the result of his alcoholism . The dream is also a warning , foreshadowing an impending murder and holds several comparisons to his murder of the pawnbroker . The dream occurs after Rodion crosses a bridge leading out of the oppressive heat and dust of Petersburg and into the fresh greenness of the islands . This symbolizes a corresponding mental crossing , suggesting that Raskolnikov is returning to a state of clarity when he has the dream . In it , he returns to the innocence of his childhood and watches as a group of peasants beat an old mare to death . After Raskolnikov awakes , he reflects on it as a “ such a hideous dream , ” the same term he earlier used to describe his plot to kill the old woman ( 62 ) . This diction draws a parallel between the two , suggesting that the child represents the part of him that clings to morality and watches horrified as another facet , represented by the peasants , is driven by hardship and isolation to become cold and unfeeling . The constant laughing of the peasants in the face of brutal slaughter reveals the extent to which they have been desensitized by their suffering , which is a reflection of Raskolnikov ’ s own condition . This interpretation is further supported by fact that the main peasant , <unk> , feels that he has the right to kill the horse , linking his actions to Raskolnikov ’ s theory justifying murder for a select group of extraordinary men . The comparison between the cruel slaughter of the old mare and the plan to murder Alyona Ivanovna delineates the brutality of Raskolnikov ’ s crime , which is often downplayed by his habitual dehumanizing referral to the old woman as simply a “ louse . ” While awake , Raskolnikov ’ s view of the old woman is spiteful , defined by his tenacious belief in his extraordinary man theory . However , the dream acts as a conduit for Raskolnikov ’ s subconscious , and without the constraints of his theory the horrific nature of his crime becomes apparent . Therefore , in order for Raskolnikov to find redemption , he must ultimately renounce his theory . In the final pages , Raskolnikov , who at this point is in the prison infirmary , has a feverish dream about a plague of nihilism , that enters Russia and Europe from the east and which spreads senseless dissent ( Raskolnikov 's name alludes to " <unk> " , dissent ) and fanatic dedication to " new ideas " : it finally engulfs all of mankind . Though we don 't learn anything about the content of these ideas they clearly disrupt society forever and are seen as exclusively critical assaults on ordinary thinking : it is clear that Dostoyevsky was envisaging the new , politically and culturally nihilist ideas which were entering Russian literature and society in this watershed decade and with which Dostoyevsky would be in debate for the rest of his life ( cp . Chernyshevsky 's What Is to Be Done ? , <unk> 's abrasive journalism , Turgenev 's Fathers and Sons and Dostoyevsky 's own The Possessed ) . Janko <unk> , who took part in the revolutions of the World War I era , knew Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky and many others , and later would spend years writing and researching on Dostoyevsky and other Russian classics , called this final dream " prophetic in its symbolism " .
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Paul receives a dead rat sent in a box , which he later learns was intended for Aaron . Paul asks Aaron to help him with his scheme to gaslight Stephanie Scully ( Carla Bonner ) . He explains that he wants her to leave Erinsborough as he does not want her near Jimmy . Paul swaps Steph 's medication for psychotropic drugs , which triggers a relapse . He offers to drive her to her doctor in Bendigo , but he swerves to avoid another car and crashes into a tree . When Paul regains consciousness , he sees that Steph has found the drugs in his pocket and forces him to tell her his plan . She later blackmails him into giving her a job and money in exchange for not reporting him to the police . Paul is forced to liquidate his assets to pay off his debts . The bank sells Lassiter 's to the Quill Group and Paul is escorted from the penthouse by the police . Paul lives in the Men 's Shed until Terese invites him to live at her house . Paul plans to start a new business , making gazebos , in partnership with Amy . He needs to borrow money to get started and Dimato offers to lend to him , but after learning about Paul 's scheme to gaslight Steph , Amy refuses to go ahead with the gazebo project with Paul . Dimato tells Paul he is considering buying a rundown motel and renovating it , and offers to make Paul the manager . However Paul later discovers Dimato is attempting to frame Paige Smith ( Olympia Valance ) for burglary , and blackmails Dimato into leaving town . Terese kisses Paul and invites him to her bedroom , but does not take things further and tells Paul that she just wants to be friends . Paul remains interested in the rundown motel and tries to convince Steph and Doug Willis ( Terence Donovan ) to become investors , so he can buy the business . He organises a Citizen of the Year event at the motel , but it is stolen by Lassiter 's after Steph accidentally costs the motel their liquor licence . Paul asks Cecilia Saint ( Candice Alley ) to sabotage the event , but is horrified when the hotel boiler explodes , injuring Daniel and killing Josh and Doug . While supporting a grieving Terese , admitting to her that he loves her , Paul secretly worries that Cecilia caused the explosion . Paul persuades Nene to lie to the police to support his false alibi . Paul is arrested after he is found to have deleted CCTV footage of him in the boiler room . Steph visits Paul in prison , where he maintains his innocence . They put up the motel for Paul 's bail and he is released . Terese is angry when he comes to Josh 's funeral and later says she hates him . Paul investigates alternative suspects , but Mark tells him to stop . After Julie Quill ( Gail Easdale ) accuses Paul of harassment , his bail conditions are reviewed and he is required to wear an ankle monitor . Aaron becomes Paul 's PR adviser . Paul does an interview with Piper which is put online . Paul 's position becomes worse when Cecilia tells the police that Paul confessed . Aaron then advises Paul to take part in a voluntary clean @-@ up , which is criticised by Nate . Paul is hit by a car and taken to hospital . After being discharged , Paul decides to run away and he steals $ 3000 from the motel . Paul meets Jacka in the bush and seeks his help in getting a passport . He then calls Steph asking her to bring him money , but she refuses . After hearing a conversation between Steph and Amy , Jimmy finds Paul in the bush . Jimmy has an allergic reaction to a bee sting and Paul takes him to hospital , resulting in him being arrested and remanded in custody . Toadie agrees to represent Paul , but only if he pleads guilty . Paul pleads not guilty and Steph persuades Toadie to defend him . At the end of the trial Terese admits to having bribed Cecilia to commit perjury . Despite this , Paul is found guilty and sentenced to eighteen years jail with a non @-@ parole period of fourteen years . Paul decides not to appeal and urges Steph , Amy and Jimmy not to visit him in jail . Another prisoner warns Paul that he is in danger of being assaulted in jail . Paul asks Gary Canning to protect him , however Gary is then granted parole . Paul is assaulted and taken to hospital . He is later released from prison after Julie Quill confesses to blowing up the hotel .
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On 7 August , II . Gruppe moved again , from Bila Tserkva the Gruppe moved to <unk> , a forward airfield near <unk> . In the days to come , the Gruppe flew combat missions over the Dnieper , between <unk> and Kremenchuk as well to the south . Flying from <unk> for the next 10 days , II . Gruppe claimed 64 aerial victories , including 11 on 8 August , 7 on 9 August , 8 on 12 August and 27 on 17 August 1941 , the Gruppe 's most successful day of the entire 1941 summer campaign . In the same timeframe , Gollob increased his number of aerial victories to 26 . II . Gruppe had to relocate again in order to keep up with the German advance . On the afternoon of 17 August parts of the air elements flew to Kirovohrad @-@ North airfield . Their primary mission was to protect the armored spearheads in the Dnipropetrovsk area . On 21 August 1941 , II . Gruppe claimed 17 victories , five of which were by Gollob . This " ace @-@ in @-@ a @-@ day " achievement , the first of six during his combat career , took his total to 33 aerial victories . On 25 August , III . Armeekorps ( 3rd Army Corps ) took Dnipropetrovsk and captured the first bridgehead across the Dnieper . Until the end of August 1941 , II . Gruppe primary objective was to help secure the bridgehead on the east bank of the Dnieper . In support of these battles , Gollob scored a I @-@ 17 on 22 August , a Polikarpov I @-@ 180 fighter aircraft on 24 August and a Tupolev TB @-@ 3 heavy bomber on 31 August 1941 , taking his total to 36 aerial victories . On 1 September 1941 , the 17 . Armee ( 17th Army ) began crossing the Dnieper in force and II . Gruppe was moved to Myronivka . Flying from Myronivka was characterized by poor weather conditions with rain and fog , as a result operations were kept to a minimum . At the time , II . Gruppe 's primary objective was the defense of the Dnieper crossing . In these defensive battles , Gollob score his 37th victory on 8 September . His opponent was classified as an I @-@ 26 fighter aircraft , later referred to as Yakovlev Yak @-@ 1 . One day later , he claimed a Ilyushin Il @-@ 2 ground @-@ attack aircraft . On 12 September weather conditions improved and flight operations increased . II . Gruppe flew missions in support of the armored spearheads as well as fighter escort missions for Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers . That day , Gollob claimed two victories , a Il @-@ 2 and a I @-@ 26 , taking his total to 40 aerial victories . On 13 September , the Gruppe claimed 20 victories over Soviet bombers and ground @-@ attack aircraft , including a V @-@ 11 shot down by Gollob at 17 : 19 . On 14 September 1941 , the German airfield at Myronivka came under Soviet air attack . Following the attack , Gollob and his wingman Oberleutnant Walther Dahl managed to pursue the attackers , and both shot down one of them . This victory over an I @-@ 153 claimed at 05 : 47 in the morning took his total to 42 aerial victories . II . Gruppe was again forced to relocate , on 15 September it moved to an airfield at Kremenchuk . On 18 September , Gollob was awarded the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross ( Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes ) for 42 victories . On 19 September 1941 , II . Gruppe was tasked with strafing Soviet airfields in the Poltava area . That day , Gollob claimed his 43rd aerial victory over an R @-@ 5 at 13 : 55 . He became an " ace @-@ in @-@ a @-@ day " again on 28 September 1941 which took his score to 48 aerial victories . That day he had claimed three Pe @-@ 2s and two I @-@ 61s , a designation for the MiG @-@ 1 fighter aircraft .
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Hogan 's obituary stated that , at some point in his playing career , he set a record for baserunning . Several sources trace this record to a field day event held in Indianapolis in 1895 , when he reportedly rounded the bases in 13 @.@ 2 seconds . The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1906 , for instance , reported that Hogan " lowered the base @-@ running record " in 1895 , noting that " [ t ] he distance around the bases is 120 yards " . In January 1906 , Sporting Life reported that Hogan had " taken steps to have the base running record awarded to him " . The report added , " Under proper conditions [ Hogan ] turned the route in 13 1 – 5 seconds at Indianapolis in 1895 " . Some observers questioned the veracity of the record , however . In 1907 , for instance , Washington Post sports columnist J. Ed Grillo conceded that " Hogan was a great sprinter " but described his unofficial record as " out of reason " . Grillo , who argued that " the fastest runners in baseball failed to come anywhere near the mark " , lent his support to an official record of 14 @.@ 1 that had been set more recently by Eastern League player Wally Clement . An article published in the Washington Herald days earlier also raised questions about Hogan 's baserunning record . In this case , however , the writer claimed that the most " authentic " record had been set by Harry Berthrong in the 1860s . The article stated that , while Hogan was " said to have beaten Berthrong 's base @-@ circling record of 13 2 – 5 seconds by a fifth of a second " , this alleged feat was not " performed under official sanction " . One year earlier , in 1906 , Berthrong , himself , weighed in on the debate . According to an article that appeared in Sporting Life in March of that year , Berthrong disputed Hogan 's claim . " My time ... around the bases was made in Washington , D.C. , in July 1868 , after the old Nationals of Washington , D.C. , had played a game with the Pastimes of Baltimore , Md . " , Berthrong was quoted as saying in an interview . " Three stop watches were held over me , the slowest giving me 14 1 / 4 " . The retired player added : " I am skeptical about this man Hogan doing the bases in 13 1 @-@ 5 : nobody but an Arthur Duffey could possibly do it , and I doubt if he could " . For reasons that are unclear , the article indicated that Hogan claimed to round the bases in 1889 , six earlier than other reports . ( A similar description of Hogan 's claim appeared elsewhere in the same edition of Sporting Life ; a brief news item suggested he claimed to set the record " in Indianapolis in the 80 's " . ) Baseball historian Jon Daly traced Hogan 's contested record to 1898 ; he speculated that Ben Morgan , an official of the National Association , " disputed that claim when doing a study of field day records " . The most widely accepted national baserunning record was set by <unk> Swanson , who rounded the bases in 13 @.@ 4 seconds in 1929 . Despite questions surrounding Hogan 's baserunning record , he became popularly known as the " Indianapolis Ringer " . Newspaper reports suggest he defended his position as baserunning champion of the Western League in various pre @-@ game competitions . On August 2 , 1895 , the Vindicator noted that the outfielder had " a rival for the base running honors in the western league in George Nichol of the <unk> who , it is claimed , can get down to first quicker than Hogan " . The article added , " A race between the two is talked of " . Then , on August 17 , 1895 , the Vindicator reported that Hogan had defeated Detroit outfielder Frank Tower in a baserunning contest . " The Hoosiers have in Mart Hogan a pretty good extra card " , the article added . " Indianapolis goes around the land , and their sprinting outfielder meets all comers in foot races before the game . He has not yet been defeated " . Several days earlier , the same newspaper quoted a journalist from Sporting Life , who reportedly commented : " Mart Hogan , the Indianapolis outfielder , is showing such astonishing speed that he will probably be taken to England next year for the Sheffield Handicap " .
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Beatty ordered his battlecruisers to make all practicable speed to catch the Germans before they could escape . The leading ships , Lion , her sister Princess Royal and Tiger , were doing 27 knots ( 50 km / h ; 31 mph ) in pursuit and Lion opened fire at 8 : 52 at a range of 20 @,@ 000 yards ( 18 @,@ 000 m ) . The other ships followed a few minutes later but , hampered by the extreme range and decreasing visibility , they did not score their first hit on Blücher until 9 : 09 . The German battlecruisers opened fire themselves a few minutes later at 9 : 11 , at a range of 18 @,@ 000 yards ( 16 @,@ 000 m ) , and concentrated their fire on Lion . They first hit her at 9 : 28 on the waterline with a shell that flooded a coal bunker . Shortly afterwards a 21 @-@ centimetre ( 8 @.@ 3 in ) shell from Blücher hit the roof of ' A ' turret , denting it and knocking out the left gun for two hours . At 9 : 35 Beatty signalled ' Engage the corresponding ships in the enemy 's line ' , but Tiger 's captain , believing that Indomitable was already engaging Blücher , fired at Seydlitz , as did Lion , which left Moltke unengaged and able to continue to engage Lion without risk . However , Lion scored the first serious hit of the battle when one of her shells penetrated the working chamber of Seydlitz 's rear barbette at 9 : 40 and ignited the propellant lying exposed . The resulting fire spread into the other turret and burnt out both of them , killing 159 men . Seydlitz returned the damage at 10 : 01 with a 283 @-@ millimetre ( 11 @.@ 1 in ) shell that ricocheted off the water and pierced Lion 's five @-@ inch armour aft , although it failed to explode . However , the resulting 24 @-@ by @-@ 18 @-@ inch ( 610 by 460 mm ) hole flooded the low power switchboard compartment and eventually shorted out two of Lion 's three dynamos . Derfflinger scored the most telling hits on Lion at 10 : 18 when two 305 @-@ millimetre ( 12 in ) shells struck her port side below the waterline . The shock was so great that her captain , Ernle Chatfield , thought that she had been torpedoed . One shell pierced the five @-@ inch armour forward and burst in a wing compartment behind the armour . It drove in a 30 @-@ by @-@ 24 @-@ inch ( 760 by 610 mm ) piece of armour and flooded a number of compartments adjacent to the torpedo flat and the torpedo body room . One splinter put a hole in the exhaust pipe of the capstan engine which eventually contaminated the auxiliary condenser with salt water . The other shell hit further aft and burst on the six @-@ inch portion of the waterline belt . It drove in two armour plates about 2 feet ( 0 @.@ 61 m ) and flooded some of the lower coal bunkers . At 10 : 41 a 283 mm shell burst against the eight @-@ inch armour of ' A ' barbette , but only started a small fire in the ' A ' turret lobby that was quickly put out , although the magazine was partially flooded when a false report was received that it was on fire as well . Soon afterwards Lion was hit by a number of shells in quick succession , but only one of these was serious . A shell burst on the nine @-@ inch armour belt abreast the engine room and drove a 16 @-@ by @-@ 5 @.@ 75 @-@ foot ( 4 @.@ 88 by 1 @.@ 75 m ) armour plate about two feet inboard and ruptured the port engine 's feedwater tank . By 10 : 52 Lion had been hit fourteen times and had taken aboard some 3 @,@ 000 long tons ( 3 @,@ 000 t ) of water which gave her a list of 10 ° to port and reduced her speed . Shortly afterwards her port engine broke down and her speed dropped to 15 knots ( 28 km / h ; 17 mph ) .
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The 3rd Ranger Company entered action on 11 April , part of a tank @-@ infantry task force conducting aggressive reconnaissance in a wide valley near the river . Encountering a village , the 3rd Platoon cleared the village and killed two Chinese stragglers . After the lead elements of the tank company and the 3rd Platoon had taken the <unk> village , the tank company commander wanted to move his company west into the center of the valley before continuing north . Captain and now Executive Officer , Bob Channon was near the rear of the company column . CO , Jess Tidwell , riding with the tank Co , called Channon on the radio and instructed him to come up and take control of the 1st and 2nd Platoons . By the time Channon reached the two platoons , they were crossing over two small hills just north of <unk> . As they crossed over one of the hills , Channon and his radio operator were wounded by Chinese mortar rounds . Channon took the radio from Walker , who was now incapacitated , and joined the two platoons at the bottom of the hill . Channon then called Jess Tidwell for instructions , who responded , “ move out when the tanks move out . ” Two tanks had passed through a gap in the hills and were in front of them . Soon , the two tanks moved out at high speed to join their company in the center of the valley . As the Rangers started to move forward , toward the nose of a ridge from which the fire was coming about 700 @-@ 800 yards ahead , they began taking casualties from machine gun and rifle fire . About 100 yards out from the ridge , they received a heavy mortar barrage , resulting in a number of them being wounded . Channon also received a couple of burp gun rounds to his lower left leg . Shortly after , a couple of light tanks arrived . Pete Hamilton ( 1st <unk> Ldr ) and Channon crawled up on the tanks , bore @-@ sighted the guns on the machine guns and blew them away . About 30 yards out from a Chinese trench at the base of the ridge nose , they received a heavy volley of grenades . Abandoning protocol ( once you start a charge , you are not supposed to hit the ground ) , Channon , knowing that he ’ d have no trouble getting his Rangers up again , had them hit the ground . When they got up , the Rangers took the ridge nose in a bayonet and grenade fight . When their position was secure , Platoon Sergeant Barber reported that they only had eight Rangers capable of continuing on . Pete Hamilton had been too seriously wounded to continue . Channon called Tidwell for instructions and was instructed to join the tanks and the 3rd Platoon in the center of the valley . The 2nd Platoon had been supporting the 1st Platoon with enfilade fire on the hill from their left flank . Channon put the 2nd Platoon in the lead , followed by the remnant of the 1st Platoon . The tanks and the 3rd Platoon had moved up the center of the wide valley and were more than a thousand yards to the northwest . Fortunately , after about 300 yards of sniper fire from higher on the ridge to their right , they were able to gain cover from a 3 @-@ 4 foot field dyke , and then joined the 3rd Platoon in the center of the valley . Channon moved the company up around the tanks on a small hill ahead . The tank company commander then moved the tanks up to the final objective for the day about 300 @-@ 400 yards ahead . Jess <unk> was with him , so Channon brought the company up to that small hill and got it organized . Bob Scully , Channon 's third radio operator for the day , was wounded when a mortar round hit . Jess <unk> had Channon get on a tank with other wounded for the trip back to clearing station . On the way back Channon noticed that there was more than a two thousand yard gap before they saw any fighting elements . So before continuing on , he had a jeep take him to the tank battalion CP . He strongly suggested the gap be closed before dark , which was done and 3rd Company was replaced on line . In addition to those wounded who were able to continue on , four Rangers were killed along with 25 wounded and evacuated in this first engagement .
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In 1910 , Arthur Smith Woodward named Megalosaurus bradleyi based on a skull from the Middle Jurassic , the specific name honouring the collector F. Lewis Bradley . In 1926 , this was made a separate genus Proceratosaurus . In 1920 , Werner Janensch named Megalosaurus ingens , " the enormous " , based on specimen MB R 1050 , a twelve centimetre long tooth from German East Africa . It possibly represents a large member of the Carcharodontosauridae ; Carrano e.a. saw it as an indeterminate member of the Tetanurae . In 1923 , von Huene renamed Poekilopleuron bucklandii Eudes @-@ <unk> 1838 into Megalosaurus <unk> . Today , the genus Poekilopleuron is generally seen as valid . In the same publication , von Huene named two additional Megalosaurus species . The first was Megalosaurus <unk> , its specific name honouring William Kitchen Parker and based on a pelvis , leg bones and vertebrae from the Late Cretaceous . This was made the separate genus <unk> in 1964 . The second was Megalosaurus <unk> , named after its provenance from <unk> and based on two dentaries , leg bones , a pelvis and vertebrae from the Middle Jurassic , which von Huene himself in 1932 made the separate genus Magnosaurus . In 1925 , Depéret , based on two teeth from Algeria , named Megalosaurus <unk> . In 1931 / 1932 this was made the separate genus Carcharodontosaurus . In 1956 von Huene by mistake named the same species as Megalosaurus africanus , intending to base it on remains from Morocco but referring the Algerian teeth ; this implies that M. africanus is a junior objective synonym of M. <unk> . In 1926 , von Huene named Megalosaurus <unk> , its specific name honouring Richard Lydekker , based on BMNH <unk> , i.e. the same specimen that had already been made the holotype of M. woodwardi ( Lydekker , 1909 ) . This implies that M. <unk> is a junior objective synonym of M. woodwardi . It is likewise seen as a nomen dubium . In the same publication von Huene named Megalosaurus <unk> based on three teeth found near <unk> , its specific name honouring <unk> <unk> . It is seen as a nomen dubium , the fossil material probably representing some member of the <unk> or some other archosaur . In 1932 , a work by von Huene mentioned a Megalosaurus ( Magnosaurus ) woodwardi , a synonym of Magnosaurus woodwardi named in the same book . Its type specimen is differing from the earlier Megalosaurus woodwardi ( Lydekker , 1909 ) , the two names are not synonyms . In 1954 Samuel Welles named Megalosaurus <unk> . This species is exceptional in being based on a rather complete skeleton , found in Arizona , from the Early Jurassic . Its specific name honours John Wetherill . In 1970 , Welles made this the separate genus Dilophosaurus . In 1955 , Albert @-@ Félix de Lapparent named Megalosaurus <unk> based on a series of twenty @-@ three vertebrae found near <unk> n <unk> in a layer of the El Mers Formation of Morocco . This probably represents a member of the <unk> . In 1956 , Alfred Sherwood Romer renamed <unk> nicaeensis <unk> 1913 , based on a lower jaw found near Nice , on the authority of von Huene into Megalosaurus nicaeensis . Originally it had been considered to be some crocodilian ; present opinion confirms this . In 1957 , de Lapparent named Megalosaurus <unk> based on three teeth found near Pombal in the Jurassic of Portugal . Today it is seen as a nomen dubium , an indeterminate member of the Theropoda .
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Other comics by Romano Scarpa have the Queen in her youthful form . In 1953 's three @-@ part " Snow White and the Green Flame " ( Biancaneve e verde <unk> ) , the Queen flies on a broom to the great gathering of witches , who declare that her inability to deal with just a little girl and few dwarfs has disgraced them all and she should be punished for this according to the laws of Hell . The Queen begs the High Witch for mercy and is given a magic wand with the power of transformation , but if she would not succeed this time she will be turned into a magic broom for a more " honorable " witch to fly . The Queen uses the wand to gain trust of Snow White and turn her a figurine , than takes the princess ' form to ambush the dwarfs and do the same with them , and waits for the Prince 's arrival to kill him . Only Dopey escapes and eventually manages to outwit the Queen , using her want to restore his friends and transform her into a figurine , which later turns into a broom when her sentence is carried over . In 1957 's " The Seven Dwarfs and the Throne of Diamonds " ( I Sette Nani e il <unk> di <unk> ) , Jiminy Cricket is deeply enamored by the Queen 's beauty and attempts to convince her to become good , but the Queen refuses to be redeemed and orders her soldiers to steal the throne the Dwarfs make for Snow White in a plot to turn her rival into an old woman . Eventually , the Queen is defeated by another witch <unk> and Snow White is saved . 1959 's " Snow White and the Chained Fairy " ( I Sette Nani e la fata <unk> ) , sees the dwarfs struggle to free the fairy Fawn who was captured by the Queen in an underground cavern for saving Snow White when Grimhilde flew to strike down the princess with a thunderbolt . She takes on many forms trying to thwart them in various ways , and one @-@ by @-@ one the dwarfs sacrifice their lives , until only Dopey remains but he manages to get hold of magical water that brings back all of them to life . The freed fairy 's magic makes the cavern collapse down on the helpless Queen to make sure she will never hurt anyone again . In 1960 's " The Seven Dwarfs and the <unk> Ring " ( I Sette Nani e l <unk> di <unk> by Romano Scarpa ) , the Queen learns about the eight Dwarf named Ginger ( <unk> ) , who has left the his companions to go in search of fortune traveling the world , and transforms into a pixie named <unk> to send him home and sow discord among his brothers . The Queen also transforms into a pixie , named <unk> , in " Snow White and Easter in the Woods " ( Biancaneve e la Pasqua nel <unk> ) , where , after her attempt to kill Snow White with magic is foiled by woodland creatures , she is so enraged that she calls upon the infernal powers to " take her " and her castle burns into flames and crumbles around her . In 1963 's " The Seven Dwarfs and the Wolf 's Cliff " ( I Sette Nani e la <unk> del <unk> ) , she sends three of her bandit minions ( <unk> , <unk> and <unk> ) to kidnap Snow White . 1964 's " Snow White and the Bewitched Dress " ( Biancaneve e l <unk> <unk> ) has the Queen magically disguise herself as an old gypsy to give Snow White a cursed dress and capture her , then start her work on the spell to rid of the dwarfs and all the forest creatures . But Dopey infiltrates her castle , frees Snow White , and locks up the Queen in her laboratory set ablaze , after which the whole castle is consumed by fire and explodes after the dwarf and the princess escape .
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In 2013 , Greaves Motorsport once again entered both the ELMS and the WEC . Chris Dyson and Michael <unk> were hired for the first round of the ELMS , whilst Dyson and <unk> were joined by Kimber @-@ Smith for the WEC . The team started the 2013 season by entering the opening round of the ELMS , which was the 3 Hours of Silverstone on 13 April ; the team retired after 23 laps . They then entered the 6 Hours of Silverstone , which was part of the WEC and held the following day ; this time , the team finished eleventh overall , and fifth in class . The next event the team entered was the 6 Hours of Spa @-@ Francorchamps , which was part of the WEC ; however , the team withdrew from the event after Dyson crashed heavily in qualifying , leaving the car too damaged to race . The team then returned to the ELMS , and entered the 3 Hours of Imola ; Kimber @-@ Smith and David <unk> Hansson were selected to drive , and they finished fifth overall , and in class . For the 24 Hours of Le Mans , Greaves Motorsport once again entered two cars ; Kimber @-@ Smith , Alexander Rossi and Eric Lux in the No. 41 car , whilst Ordóñez , Michael Krumm and Jann <unk> drove the No. 42 car . As Greaves Motorsport had signed a deal with Caterham , the No. 41 car was entered under the Caterham Motorsport banner . In the race , the No. 42 car proved to be the quicker of the two ; Krumm , <unk> and Ordóñez finished ninth overall , and third in the LM P2 class , whilst the Caterham Motorsport car finished 23rd overall , and tenth in the LM P2 class . Although the team initially entered the Caterham @-@ backed car in the 3 Hours of Red Bull Ring , part of the ELMS , they were forced to withdraw after they were unable to find any drivers to run ; this was the first time the team had withdrawn from an ELMS event since their first race in the series , back in 2006 . Zugel and Jeannette were partnered by Björn Wirdheim for the 6 Hours of São Paulo , which was part of the WEC ; although they were running third at one point of the race , they eventually finished seventh overall , and fourth in the LM P2 category . The team then attempted to return to the ELMS , by entering the 3 Hours of Hungaroring , but did not register any drivers or attend the event . Zugel , Dyson and Kimber @-@ Smith drove in the 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas , part of the WEC , and took fifth in the LM P2 category , and ninth overall . For the 6 Hours of Fuji , Greaves Motorsport announced a partnership with local Super GT team Gainer , which resulted in Gainer 's Katsuyuki <unk> partnering Björn Wirdheim and Masayuki Ueda ; the combined effort was entered under the " Gainer International " banner . The race was halted at around the three @-@ hour mark due to torrential rain , and the team were classified sixth overall , and third in class . The 6 Hours of Shanghai saw Greaves Motorsport hand Mark Shulzhitskiy his WEC debut , driving alongside Lux and Wirdheim ; the trio took another fifth place in class for the team , and ninth overall . The final round of the WEC season , which was the 6 Hours of Bahrain , saw Wolfgang <unk> make his debut in the series with Greaves Motorsport ; he was partnered by fellow debutant Jon Lancaster and <unk> . Despite the team 's inexperience , they were able to finish third in the LM P2 class , and fifth overall . The team finished the year classified fifth in the LM P2 category of the WEC , with 81 points , and ninth in the ELMS , with ten points .
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Florida had what was perhaps the South 's most populous scene , particularly in the southern peninsula around Orlando , Miami , and Tampa . We the People , a popular fixture in the Orlando area , came about as the result of a merger between two bands and featured songwriters Tommy Talton and Wane Proctor . They went to Nashville and recorded a number of self @-@ composed songs for the Challenge and RCA labels – several of which are now highly regarded . They are known for primitive rockers , such as " You Burn Me Upside Down " , and " Mirror of my Mind " , as well as more eclectic pieces such as " In the Past " , later covered by the Chocolate Watchband , which combines surf influence with the use of eastern scales played on an <unk> , a large eight @-@ stringed mandolin . The Birdwatchers , from West Palm Beach , achieved national airplay with " I 'm Gonna Love you Anyway " , and made an appearance on Dick Clark 's TV show , Where the Action Is . The <unk> , from Daytona Beach , had a folk rock @-@ influenced sound and released several singles , but are best known for " Little Black Egg " , which became a minor hit on the national charts . From Miami came the Montells and Evil , whose members knew each other well , and who both at different times used the services of drummer Jeff Allen , who made regular trips to England , and was able to keep both bands abreast on the latest happenings in the London scene . Both bands had opportunities to cut records . The Montells , under the name the H.M. Subjects , recorded a version of the Pretty Things " Don 't Let Me Down , " which ended up in swirl of controversy over its apparently sexually suggestive lyrics , to some degree opportunistically fueled by the record 's benefactor , Morton Downey , Jr . , then a disc jockey at Miami 's <unk> and later of talk show fame . The Montells recorded two songs previously done by the Who , " Daddy Rolling Stone " and " I Can 't Explain " as well as original material such as " You Can 't Make Me " . Evil specialized in an even harder , sometimes thrashing sound , epitomized in such protopunk anthems as the posthumously released outtakes , " I 'm Movin ' On " and " From a <unk> " . They released a single featuring their rendition of the Small Faces ' " Whatcha Gonna Do About It " b / w " Always Runnin ' Around " , which was re @-@ released on Capitol a few months later . Also from Miami were the <unk> who recorded " Don 't Be Late " and the Echoes of Carnaby Street cut " No Place No Time " . The Painted Faces were from Fort Myers and released four singles including " Faces " , which Mojo Magazine included in their top 100 psychedelic songs of all time . From Tampa came the Tropics , who were also relatively prolific and cut songs such as " For a Long Time " and " As Time 's Gone " as well as the Rovin ' Flames , whose string of singles began with their rendition of " Gloria " and included " How Many Times " , " I 'm Afraid to Go Home " , and " I Can 't " . The Seeds of Time , from Monroeville , Alabama cut the proto @-@ punk " She 's Been Travelin ' Round the World " on Morgan Records in 1966 . The Tikis , from <unk> , Alabama released the single " Somebody 's Son " , which angrily denounces the injustices faced by an abandoned orphan . It was backed with " Little Miss Lovelight " . The Gants , from Greenwood , Mississippi , were the most popular group in the state and recorded three albums and a string singles , such as the blues @-@ drenched rocker , " ( You Can 't Blow ) Smoke Rings " and the Beatles @-@ inspired ballad , " I Wonder " .
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The next morning , flight day five , Young and Duke ate breakfast and began preparations for the first extra @-@ vehicular activity ( EVA ) , or moonwalk . After the pair donned and pressurized their space suits and depressurized the Lunar Module cabin , Young climbed out onto the " porch " of the LM , a small platform above the ladder . Duke handed Young a jettison bag full of trash to dispose of on the surface . Young then lowered the equipment transfer bag ( <unk> ) , containing equipment for use during the EVA , to the surface . Young descended the ladder and , upon setting foot on the lunar surface , became the ninth human to walk on the Moon . Upon stepping onto the surface , Young expressed his sentiments about being there : " There you are : Mysterious and Unknown Descartes . Highland plains . Apollo 16 is gonna change your image . I 'm sure glad they got ol ' Brer Rabbit , here , back in the briar patch where he belongs . " Duke soon descended the ladder and joined Young on the surface , becoming the tenth and youngest human to walk on the Moon , at age 36 . After setting foot on the lunar surface , Duke expressed his excitement , commenting : " Fantastic ! Oh , that first foot on the lunar surface is super , Tony ! " The pair 's first task of the moonwalk was to unload the Lunar Roving Vehicle , the Far Ultraviolet Camera / Spectrograph ( <unk> ) , and other equipment , from the Lunar Module . This was done without problems . On first driving the lunar rover , Young discovered that the rear steering was not working . He alerted Mission Control to the problem before setting up the television camera and planting the flag of the United States with Duke . The day 's next task was to deploy the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package ( ALSEP ) ; while they were parking the lunar rover , on which the TV camera was mounted , to observe the deployment , the rear steering began functioning without explanation . While deploying a heat @-@ flow experiment ( that had burned up with the Lunar Module Aquarius on Apollo 13 and had been attempted with limited success on Apollo 15 ) , a cable was inadvertently snapped after getting caught around Young 's foot . After ALSEP deployment , they collected samples in the vicinity . About four hours after the beginning of EVA @-@ 1 , they mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop , Plum Crater , a 36 m @-@ wide ( 118 ft ) crater on the rim of Flag crater , about 240 m ( 790 ft ) across . There , at a distance of 1 @.@ 4 km ( 0 @.@ 87 mi ) from the LM , they sampled material from the vicinity of Flag Crater , which scientists believed penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation . It was there that Young retrieved , at the request of Mission Control , the largest rock returned by an Apollo mission , a breccia nicknamed Big Muley after mission geology principal investigator William R. <unk> . The next stop of the day was Buster Crater , about 1 @.@ 6 km ( 0 @.@ 99 mi ) from the LM . There , Duke took pictures of Stone Mountain and South Ray Crater while Young deployed a magnetic field experiment . At that point , scientists began to reconsider their pre @-@ mission hypothesis that Descartes had been the setting of ancient volcanic activity , as the two astronauts had yet to find any volcanic material . Following their stop at Buster , Young did a demonstration drive of the lunar rover while Duke filmed with a 16 mm movie camera . After completing more tasks at the ALSEP , they returned to the LM to close out the moonwalk . They reentered the LM 7 hours , 6 minutes , and 56 seconds after the start of the EVA . Once inside , they pressurized the LM cabin , went through a half @-@ hour briefing with scientists in Mission Control , and configured the cabin for the sleep period .
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Kala featured live instrumentation and layers of traditional dance and folk styles such as soca and the urumee drum of <unk> , rave music and bootleg soundtracks of Tamil film music , incorporating new styles into her avant @-@ garde electronic dance music . The songs , artwork and fashion of Kala have been characterized as simultaneously celebratory and infused with raw , " darker , outsider " themes , such as immigration politics , personal relationships and war . In February 2007 , the first track from the album to be made available to the public was " Bird Flu " , which was posted with an accompanying music video to her MySpace . Later that year , M.I.A. featured in the song " Come Around " , a bonus track on Timbaland 's 2007 album Shock Value and a track on Kala . The album 's first official single " Boyz " was released in June 2007 , accompanied by a music video co @-@ directed by Jay Will and M.I.A. , becoming M.I.A. ' s first top ten charting song . The single " Jimmy " , written about an invitation to tour genocide @-@ affected regions in Rwanda that the singer received from a journalist while staying in Liberia , was released next . The single " Paper Planes " , described a " satire on immigrant stereotypes " , and the EP Paper Planes - Homeland Security Remixes EP were released digitally in February 2008 , the single eventually selling three times platinum in the US and Canada , certified Gold in New Zealand , and becoming the 29th most downloaded song in the digital era in the US and earning a Grammy nomination for Record of the Year . " Paper Planes " is to date XL Recordings ' second best selling single , and by November 2011 it had sold 3 @.@ 6 million copies in the US , currently the seventh best @-@ selling song by a British artist in the digital era . In 2007 , M.I.A. also released the How Many Votes Fix Mix EP which included a remix of " Boyz " featuring Jay @-@ Z. " Paper Planes " is one of M.I.A. ' s most popular songs . On this song she collaborated with Florida @-@ based DJ Diplo . Their work on this song landed him a Grammy nomination for Record of the year and got number three in the U.S. <unk> also worked together on her first album " Arular " Like its predecessor , universal acclaim met Kala 's release in August 2007 and the album earned a normalised rating of 87 out of 100 on the review aggregator <unk> . Kala was a greater commercial success than Arular . To support Kala , M.I.A. performed at a series of music festivals on the Kala Tour featuring performances in Europe , America and Asia . She performed three dates opening for Björk in the US and France . In 2008 , M.I.A. provided guest vocals on <unk> Som Sistema 's <unk> song " Sound of Kuduro " , recorded in Angola with an accompanying video . The same year , M.I.A. and director Spike Jonze filmed a documentary in Woolwich , South London , in which they both appeared with Afrikan Boy , a Nigerian immigrant rapper and she disclosed plans to launch her own record label , Zig @-@ Zag . She ended the year with concerts in the United Kingdom . By year end , Kala was named the best album of 2007 by publications including Rolling Stone and Blender . <unk> reported in 2010 that Kala was the tenth Best @-@ Reviewed Electronic / Dance Album on Metacritic of the 2000 – 09 decade , one position below her debut album Arular . M.I.A. performed on the People vs. Money Tour during the first half of 2008 . She cancelled the final leg of her tour in Europe through June and July after revealing her intentions to take a career break and work on other art projects , go back to college and make a film .
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The reasons for the rebellion have been the source of much discussion and theories among modern scholars . Moving away from the personal relationship between al @-@ Hajjaj and Ibn al @-@ Ash 'ath , Alfred von Kremer suggested that the rebellion was linked with the efforts of the non @-@ Arab converts to Islam ( the mawālī ) to secure equal rights with the Arab Muslims . Julius Wellhausen rejected this view as the main source of the revolt , seeing it instead as a reaction of the Iraqis in general and the ashrāf in particular against the Syrian regime of the Umayyads as represented by the overbearing ( and notably low @-@ born ) al @-@ Hajjaj . Other scholars have seen in it a manifestation of the tribal factionalism between the northern Arab and southern Arab ( " Yamani " ) tribal groups prevalent at the time . Thus a poem by a certain A <unk> Hamdan in celebration of the rebellion shows not only a religious but also a tribal motivation of the rebel troops : al @-@ Hajjaj is denounced as an apostate and a " friend of the devil " , while Ibn al @-@ Ash 'ath is portrayed as the champion of the Yamani Qahtani and Hamdani tribes against the northern Arab Ma <unk> and <unk> . On the other hand , as G. R. Hawting points out , this is insufficient evidence to ascribe purely tribal motivations to the revolt : if Ibn al @-@ Ash 'ath 's movement was indeed led largely by <unk> , this simply reflects the fact that they were the dominant element in Kufa , and while al @-@ Hajjaj himself was a northerner , his main commander was a southerner . Wellhausen 's analysis , however , rejected the evident religious dimension of the revolt , especially the participation of the fanatical zealots known as qurrāʾ ( " Quran readers " ) . While the " religious polemic used by both sides [ .. ] is stereotyped , unspecific and to be found in other contexts " ( C.G. Hawting ) , there do appear to have been specific religious grievances , notably the accusation that the Umayyads were neglecting the ritual prayer . It seems clear that the revolt began as a simple mutiny against an overbearing governor who made impossible demands of the troops , but , at least by the time the army reached Fars , a religious element emerged , represented by the qurrāʾ . Given the close " interaction of religion and politics in early Muslim society " , as G. R. Hawting points out , the religious element quickly became dominant , as seen by the difference between the oath of allegiance ( <unk> ) sworn at the beginning of the revolt and that exchanged between the army and Ibn al @-@ Ash 'ath at <unk> in Fars . While in the first Ibn al @-@ Ash 'ath declared as his intention to " depose al @-@ Hajjaj , the enemy of God " , in the latter , he exhorted his men to " [ defend ] the Book of God and the Sunna of His Prophet , to depose the <unk> of error , to fight against those who regard [ the blood of the Prophet ’ s kin ] as licit " . Although Ibn al @-@ Ash 'ath remained as the head of the uprising , Veccia Vaglieri writes that after this point " one has the impression that [ ... ] the control of the revolt slipped from his hands " , or that , as Wellhausen comments , " he was urged on in spite of himself , and even if he would , could not have banished the spirits which he had called up . It was as if an avalanche came rushing down sweeping every thing before it " .
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The prominence of a Brahmin in Indian society was directly related to his virtues , values , knowledge and practice of the scriptures . Manu 's list of virtues of a perfect Brahmin , according to Italian Jesuit Roberto de Nobili , in order of importance were righteousness , truthfulness , generosity , <unk> , compassion , self @-@ restraint and diligent work . Prior to the rise of the Konkanastha Peshwas , the Konkanastha Brahmins were considered inferior in a society where the Deshasthas held socio @-@ economic , ritual and Brahminical superiority . As mentioned earlier , all the Peshwa during Shivaji 's rule were Deshastha Brahmins and many modern families who have surname , <unk> , are in fact Deshastha Brahmins tracing descent to Shivaji 's Peshwa , Moropant Pingle or <unk> <unk> . . After the appointment of Balaji Vishwanath Bhat as Peshwa , Konkanastha migrants began arriving en masse from the Konkan to Pune , where the Peshwa offered all important offices to the Konkanastha caste . The Konkanastha kin were rewarded with tax relief and grants of land . Historians point out nepotism and corruption during this time . The Sahyadri <unk> which contains the legend of the origin of the Konkanastha has been carefully suppressed or destroyed by the Konkanastha Peshwas . Crawford , an early Indologist described how a Brahmin reluctantly produced the manuscript when he asked for it and that Baji Rao , in 1814 , ruined and disgraced a respectable Deshastha Brahmin of Wai , found in possession of a copy of the Sahyadri <unk> . The Konkanasthas were waging a social war on <unk> during the period of the Peshwas . By the late 18th century , Konkanasthas had established complete political and economic dominance in the region . Richard Maxwell Eaton states that this rise of the Konkanastha is a classic example of social rank rising with political fortune . Since then , despite being the traditional religious and social elites of Maharashtra , the Deshastha Brahmins failed to feature as prominently as the Konkanastha . However , in recent decades , there have been <unk> who have made a mark . One such person was the late Bharatiya Janata Party politician Pramod Mahajan , who was called a brilliant strategist and had an impact nationwide . Other notables include Manohar Joshi , who has been the only Brahmin chief minister of Maharashtra , Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh founder Dr. <unk> , social activist , Baba Amte , BJP politician and Social activist , Nanaji Deshmukh and present chief minister of Maharashtra , Devendra <unk> . The Deshasthas looked down upon the Konkanasthas as newcomers in the 18th and 19th centuries . They refused to socialise and intermingle with them , not considering them to be Brahmins . A <unk> who was invited to a Deshastha household was considered to be a privileged individual , and even the Peshwas were refused permission to perform religious rites at the Deshastha ghats on the Godavari at Nasik . The Konkanasthas on their part , claimed they possessed greater intellectual ability and better political acumen . During the British colonial period of 19th and early 20th century , Deshasthas dominated professions such as government administration , practice of medicine , music , legal and engineering fields , whereas Konkanasthas dominated fields like politics , social reform , journalism and education . This situation has since improved by the larger scale mixing of both communities on social , financial and educational fields , as well as with intermarriages .
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The season was primarily filmed in Los Angeles , California . Fisher Plaza , which is the headquarters building for the media company Fisher Communications and Fisher 's ABC affiliated Komo radio and television stations for Seattle , is used for some exterior shots of Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital , such as air ambulances landing on the Komo Television newscopter 's helipad . This puts Seattle Grace conveniently close to the Space Needle , which is directly across the street from Fisher Plaza , the Seattle Monorail , and other local landmarks . However , the hospital used for most other exterior and many interior shots is not in Seattle , are shot at the VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center in North Hills , California . Most scenes are primarily taped in Los Feliz , Los Angeles , at the Prospect Studios , and the set occupies two stages , including the hospital pieces , but some outside scenes are shot at the Warren G. Magnuson Park in Seattle . Several props used are genuine medical supplies , including the MRI machine . Prior to being cast , Sara Ramirez was seen by ABC executives , in her Broadway performance of Spamalot , which garnered their attention . Due to their admiration , the network offered Ramirez a role on any ABC television series , of her choice , which ultimately led in her choosing Grey 's Anatomy . Ramirez further explained that at her initial audition , the producers liked her , and had intentions to add her to the show , but did not know who to cast her as . She also said she was in awe of how the executives said , " Pick a show , any show " , a statement she deemed rare . Ramirez 's character was given recurring status in the second season , having been conceived as a love interest for George O 'Malley . At Torres ' initial appearance on the show , she was disliked by fans , due to her getting in the way of O 'Malley and Grey 's relationship . When asked of this , Torres said : " You do run across a lot of people who are extremely invested in that story line . Obviously , I 've heard some negative stuff . " Discussing Izzie Stevens ' relationship with Alex Karev , Katherine Heigl described her character as naive enough to believe she can save him , assessing that : " Even when Alex was a complete dirtbag to her , she forgave him and gave him another chance . And he really screwed her over . " Writer Stacy McKee described Izzie 's moving on from Alex to patient Denny Duquette as " karma " , as Alex previously treated Izzie badly , yet as he begins to realize his true feelings , he is forced to watch her embark on a romance with Denny , regarded by her as " undeniably handsome and totally charming " . Series writer Blythe Robe commented on Izzie and Denny : " I love the way Izzie lights up when she ’ s around him . I love their relationship because it 's so pure and honest and completely game free . " Writer Elizabeth Klaviter noted at this time the way Izzie " seems to be sacrificing her reputation because of her feelings for Denny . " When Izzie deliberately worsened Denny 's condition to move him up the transplant list , series writer Mark Wilding questioned the morality of the actions , asking : " Is Izzie bad for doing it ? Is she tremendously irresponsible ? She cut the wire for love so does that make her action understandable ? " Series creator Shonda Rhimes discussed costuming choices in the scene which saw the interns gather around Denny 's deathbed , explaining : " Meredith and George and Cristina and Callie and Alex are all dressed , not for a prom , but for a funeral . Everyone in dark colors , everyone dressed <unk> . As if they were in mourning . Only Izzie is in happy pink . Only Izzie looks like she didn 't know this was coming . "
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The protagonist of the game , a young man named Danny , suffers from chronic insomnia caused by worry , stress , and repressed memories . He is admitted to a mental institution for it , where he consults a mad scientist , Dr. Reubens , who treats Danny with his Cognitive Regression Utilizing <unk> <unk> ( C.R.U.S.H. ) device , which has a sentient female persona . The device 's helmet places Danny under hypnosis , during which he can regain control of his sanity by collecting his lost marbles , and facing his primal fears in the form of monsters ( i.e. cockroaches , slugs ) . Danny starts spilling the beans to Reubens about his city life ; moving into his first apartment and his suffering job as a chef ( because " the ladies love a man who can cook " ) . He heavily depends on Reubens for some serious help if he wants to get rid of his insomnia . Later , when C.R.U.S.H. projects the image of a bucket and shovel at the beach onto the helmet , he recalls his love life some few years ago with a girl named Tina Ash ( who Reubens mistakenly thought was Danny 's mother ) . Returning the next summer , Danny is jilted for a more handsome man . Devastated , Danny ends up sitting on the pier crying , inadvertently falling into the ocean below , but eventually rescued . Reubens claims Danny 's rejection made him " shy away from the fairer sex " , and tells him to get some rest . The next day , Dr. Reubens tunes up his machine to " match [ Danny 's ] abnormally low cognitive frequency . " Danny recommends he give them some time alone , but the word " alone " has Reubens allude to the time Danny was heavily abused as a young boy at a local funfair by three thugs , however , Danny discloses that he ditched his parents to go to the funfair alone , but they find and rescue him . He then promised his parents that he 'd " stay with them forever . " Dr. Reubens uses this evidence to come to a conclusion that homesickness is the cause of his insomnia , recommending that Danny moves back into his parents ' house , but his conclusion is proved wrong when Danny returns one more time . Dr. Reubens lashes out at Danny for wearing out his machine , demanding that Danny fess up to where he " buried [ his ] pain " and if he is merely " toying " with them . Pushing the limit , Reubens subjects Danny to regress all the way to his childhood , when he was only six years old , against Danny 's own will . Danny cries at the breaking point , dictating that Reubens stop " unlocking doors that should stay bolted , " but in the end , Danny mutters the words , " Come back , " implying that his parents went out on a date and left him at his house alone , with disturbing shadows of the night leaving Danny in psychological trauma . Danny discovers that his childhood fears at that time , principally being afraid of the dark , are the real cause his insomnia , sending him " spiraling back into [ his ] six @-@ year @-@ old self . " Reubens is full of disgust that his treatment was a complete waste and that Danny ruined his machine due to his <unk> , but tells Danny he 's cured . Right when Reubens begins to snap Danny out of hypnosis , C.R.U.S.H. , following suit in Reubens thoughts , goes over the edge and seems to attack Danny 's mind , with Reubens panicking and Danny 's life on the line while the screen fades to black at the start of the attempt .
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Upon arriving in England in June 1858 , Morphy promptly challenged Staunton to a match . At first , Staunton declined Morphy 's offer saying that the challenge came too late . Morphy did not give up negotiations and urging Staunton to play . In early July Staunton agreed provided he was given time to get back into practice on openings and endgames , and provided that he could manage all this without breaking the publication contract for his Shakespearean work . In early August , Morphy wrote asking Staunton when the match could occur , and Staunton asked again for a delay of some weeks . Staunton competed in a tournament that started in on 22 August in Birmingham , but this was a knock @-@ out tournament and he was eliminated in the second round by Johann Löwenthal , after playing a total of four games . This was to be Staunton 's last public chess competition . <unk> Murray wrote that Staunton had overexerted himself and damaged his health by trying both to get ahead of schedule on the Shakespeare project and to play some competitive chess . Just before Staunton left London for Birmingham , his old enemy George Walker published an article accusing him of trying to delay the match indefinitely , and Staunton received another letter from Morphy pressing him to name a date for the match . Staunton and Morphy met socially in Birmingham and , after a tense discussion , Staunton agreed to play in early November . Just after the tournament a letter signed by " Anti @-@ book " appeared in Staunton 's column in the Illustrated London News , alleging that Morphy did not actually have the money for his share of the stakes . This letter is widely thought to have been written by Staunton himself ; if so , he must have written it immediately after reading Walker 's article and Morphy 's letter and immediately before leaving for Birmingham . Around this time Morphy wrote to friends in the US asking them to obtain the stake money for the Staunton match . Morphy 's family refused to contribute as they " should not allow him to play a money match either with his own money or anyone else 's " , but the New Orleans Chess Club sent £ 500 . Meanwhile , Morphy went to Paris to play against continental masters . In September the Illustrated London News printed both a complimentary full @-@ page article about Morphy and a complimentary mention of him in its chess column . On 6 October 1858 , while in Paris Morphy wrote Staunton an open letter which was also circulated to several publications , in which Morphy complained about Staunton 's conduct . Staunton replied on 9 October , re @-@ stating the difficulties he faced , but now giving them as reasons to cancel the match . On 23 October , Staunton published his entire reply along with a partial copy of Morphy 's open letter , omitting the reference to the " Anti @-@ book " letter . Various chess columns then printed anonymous and acrimonious letters . Morphy took no part in any of this , but wrote to Lord Lyttelton , the president of the British Chess Association , explaining his own efforts to bring about the match , accusing Staunton of avoiding the match by all means short of admitting he did not wish to play , complaining about Staunton 's representation of the facts in the Illustrated London News , and demanding " that you shall declare to the world it is through no fault of mine that this match has not taken place . " Lyttelton replied that it was reasonable for Staunton to decline the match , but that in his opinion Staunton should have done so plainly in his first letter to America , but had instead often given the impression that he would soon be ready to start the match .
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Brisingr begins as Eragon , Saphira , and Roran travel to Helgrind , the home of the Ra 'zac , the creatures that had killed Eragon 's uncle , Garrow . There they rescue Roran 's betrothed , Katrina , who was being held prisoner , and kill one of the Ra 'zac . Saphira , Roran , and Katrina return to the Varden , while Eragon stays behind to kill the remaining Ra 'zac and dole out a suitable punishment to Sloan , Katrina 's father who was imprisoned in Helgrind . ( Eragon was reluctant to kill him ) . While he is fighting the remaining Ra 'zac , it mentions that Galbatorix has discovered the name of all names . Eragon doesn 't understand , and ignores the Ra 'zac after it pleads for mercy , and kills him . After consulting the elven Queen <unk> , they come to an agreement on how to punish Sloan . Sloan is condemned to never meet his daughter again . Eragon arranges affairs so that Sloan will regain eyesight in the future , should he repent for his crimes . As Eragon travels back to the Varden , he confronts a hermit in the name Of <unk> ( He is later revealed to be a teacher of the herbalist , Angela ) . Arya the elf had come in order to protect Eragon , as he traveled through the Empire . They have a conflict with a group of Soldiers , meet some spirits as they travel to the Varden . Arya reveals about her association with <unk> and crafts a boat made of grass , whilst Eragon sings a flower for her . Once they return to the Varden , Eragon discovers that Katrina is pregnant with Roran 's child and a wedding is arranged , which Eragon is to conduct . Just before it begins , a small force of enchanted troops attack alongside Murtagh and his dragon , Thorn . The enchanted soldiers had spells cast by Galbatorix that couldn 't allow them to feel pain . King Orrin , King of Surda , discovers a method to kill the soldiers , behead them . Elven spell @-@ casters aid Eragon and Saphira and cause Murtagh and Thorn to flee back to the Empire , winning the battle . After the fight , Roran marries Katrina . The leader of the Varden , Nasuada , then orders Eragon to attend the election of the new dwarf king in the <unk> Mountains . He leaves with much reluctance as Nasuada forced Saphira to remain in the Varden , in order to protect the Varden from Murtagh and Thorn . Eragon travels with Nar <unk> , Leader of the Urgals to Bergan Hold , ancestral home of the <unk> <unk> . They see a <unk> , Nagra and an enormous bear , which Eragon regarded as a threat even for Saphira , on the way . After staying for a brief period in Bergan Hold , where he is shown the forest of stone , Eragon heads to Farthen Dur where the new dwarf king is to be elected . Once among the dwarves in Farthen Dur , Eragon is the target of a failed assassination , found to be the work of the dwarf clan Az <unk> <unk> <unk> , whom the dwarf Orik then forces into exile . Having earned the sympathies of the dwarves , Orik is elected the new king . Saphira arrives to Farthen Dur for Orik 's coronation and reconstructs <unk> <unk> , the star rose which was destroyed in the battle of Farthen Dur .
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The discovery of Anomalocaris ( " abnormal shrimp " ) was a comedy of errors . The name was initially given to a fossil that looked like the rear end of a shrimp @-@ like crustacean . Walcott classified a ring @-@ like fossil he called Peytoia as a kind of jellyfish , and another poorly preserved fossil he called Laggania as a <unk> ( sea cucumber ) . After many plot twists , Derek Briggs started dissecting another ill @-@ defined fossil in very thin slices and found a pair of Anomalocaris @-@ like structures on one end of a specimen of Laggania , which also had a specimen of Peytoia attached just behind those of Anomalocaris . After dissecting more specimens and finding similar configurations , Briggs and Whittington concluded that the whole assemblage represented a single animal , which was named Anomalocaris because that was the earliest name assigned to any of its parts . This animal 's body was fragile and usually disintegrated before it could be fossilized . But the complete animal had tough grasping appendages ( Anomalocaris ) , a tough , ring @-@ like mouth with teeth on the inner edge ( Peytoia ) and a long , segmented body ( Laggania ) with flaps on the sides that enabled it to swim with a Mexican wave motion , and perhaps to turn quickly by putting the flaps on one side into reverse . This monster was over 2 feet ( 0 @.@ 61 m ) long when other animals were only a few inches at most . <unk> suggested in 1999 that the animal was capable of taking heavily armored trilobites apart , possibly by grabbing one end of their prey in their jaws while using their appendages to quickly rock the other end of the animal back and forth , causing the prey 's exoskeleton to rupture and allowing the predator to access its innards . In 2009 <unk> found that anomalocarid mouthparts showed little wear , which suggests they did not come into regular contact with mineralised trilobite shells . Computer modeling of the Anomalocaris mouthparts suggests they were in fact better suited to sucking on smaller , soft @-@ bodied organisms . Although Whittington and Briggs concluded that Anomalocaris did not fit into any known phylum , research since the 1990s has concluded that it was closely related to Opabinia and to the ancestors of arthropods . In 2009 a fossil named Schinderhannes bartelsi , an apparent relative of Anomalocaris , was found in the Early Devonian period , about 100 million years later than the Burgess Shale . Conway Morris gave Hallucigenia its name because in his reconstruction it looked bizarre – a worm @-@ like animal that walked on long , rigid spines and had a row of tentacles along its back . Science fiction author Greg Bear says the <unk> in his The Way stories were scaled @-@ up versions of this reconstruction . However , in the late 1980s Lars <unk> literally turned it over , so that the tentacles , which he found were paired , became legs and the spines were defensive equipment on its back . <unk> classified it as one of the <unk> , a phylum of " worms with legs " that is considered closely related to arthropods . Another current view is that Hallucigenia was an armored lobopod , in other words more closely related to arthropods than the onychophorans are , but less closely related to arthropods than Opabinia or Anomalocaris are .
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At the same time , a local court in Germany ruled that the television rights to the FIA European Truck Racing Cup ( passed to Ecclestone by the FIA the previous year , along with all other FIA authorised championships ) should be returned to the series organiser , following a complaint from German television company AE TV @-@ <unk> . The TV Company argued that Ecclestone and Mosley were in breach of commercial clauses in the Treaty of Rome ; following the court 's decision Mosley appealed the judgement and cancelled the series until further notice . On appeal , the court ruled that the series organiser should be able to sell the television rights to whoever they felt was the best option for coverage and the FIA reinstated the European Truck Racing Cup . Between 1997 and 2000 Mosley repeatedly warned that if any EU decision went against the FIA , the marketing organisations and F1 itself would be moved out of Europe . In 1999 , the EU Commission Directorate @-@ General for Competition issued a Statement of Objections , listing a number of grievances surrounding the FIA 's dealings with Ecclestone and Formula One . The FIA released the Statement to the media and held a press conference in Brussels ridiculing the Commission ’ s case . The Commission argued that a number of commercial agreements could be viewed as anti @-@ competition and invited the FIA and Ecclestone 's companies , ISC and FOA , to submit proposals to modify these arrangements . In 2001 , nine months after settlement talks had begun , the parties reached an agreement to amend existing contracts , which included Ecclestone stepping down as the FIA 's vice @-@ president of promotional affairs and the FIA ending all involvement in the commercial activities of Formula One . Mosley came up with an innovative way to dispose of the FIA 's involvement in the commercial activities of Formula One . In order to maintain Ecclestone 's investment to deliver digital television , he proposed extending Ecclestone 's rights for F1 coverage to 100 years from the initial 15 , arguing that a deal of such length could not be anti @-@ competition as it was effectively the same as an outright sale . The Commission agreed with his assessment and in the interest of impartiality , Mosley removed himself from the negotiations , which eventually returned around $ 300 million ( £ 150 million ) . The FIA planned to " put almost all of it into a charitable foundation which will then have the resources to undertake important work on improving safety in motor sport and in road safety " , and thus the FIA Foundation was created in 2001 . In addition , the FIA continued to receive an annual dividend from the deal , Mosley stated : " Over the totality of the contract , and on an annual basis , the sum we have accepted represents billions of dollars . Looked at from that point of view , it is a huge amount of money . " Lovell compares the figure to extend the rights to 100 years to the £ 600 million <unk> paid for the rights to the 2002 Football World Cup and the £ 1 @.@ 1 billion British Sky Broadcasting paid for a three @-@ year package of English Premier League football . The figure was not entirely comparable however due to the dispute over who actually owned Formula One . Before the settlement with the EU Commission was reached , Mosley feared that the FIA was losing control over the sport following a heated argument with Ecclestone in Paris . Ecclestone argued that he had built Formula One into the entity that it was and the FIA only had rights to designate the event as official . Ecclestone threatened to " do a scorched earth " if another party were to gain control of the commercial side of Formula One . Mosley came up with the solution in order for the FIA to retain its sporting management role and Ecclestone to retain his commercial role .
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The home of the <unk> , the Canadian Forces 431 Air Demonstration Squadron is at CFB Moose Jaw , Bushell Park at the km 204 @.@ 4 junction with Highway 363 . Before entering the city of Moose Jaw is an 18 kilometres ( 11 mi ) divided or twinned highway section . The city of Moose Jaw does not have a cloverleaf , and highway 2 goes through the centre of the city . Moose Jaw , a city of 32 @,@ 132 features large roadside attractions such as Capone 's Car , Moose Family and Mac the moose . Temple Gardens Mineral Spa Resort , Tunnels of Moose Jaw , and History of Transportation Western Development Museum. are major sites of interest of this city . The Saskatchewan Highway 1 intersection with Highway 2 is north of Moose Jaw . At km 230 @.@ 9 , access to Buffalo Pound Provincial Park is provided to the east of Highway 2 by traveling another 11 @.@ 8 kilometres ( 7 @.@ 3 mi ) . Access to the small town of <unk> is provided at km 232 @.@ 8 , at the Highway 42 junction . The SHS Central Area Transportation Planning Committee monitors this primary weight highway between Moose Jaw and Meacham . Between the two national highway systems of the Trans Canada Saskatchewan Highway 1 and Saskatchewan Highway 11 , Highway 2 is also designated as a Class 1 AC national connector highway . There is a point of information on the south side of the Qu 'Appelle Valley , km 246 @.@ 3 . A second point of information is on the northern bank of the Qu 'Appelle Valley at km 250 @.@ 0 . Buffalo Pound Lake , a eutrophic prairie lake was formed by glaciation 10 @,@ 000 years ago . At the junction of highway 11 , is the town of Chamberlain where the highway which travels north begins a southeast 11 @.@ 4 kilometres ( 7 @.@ 1 mi ) wrong @-@ way concurrency at Chamberlain . Where these two national highways overlap , a divided highway segment handles the AADT which is about 4500 vpd . There is a rest area at km 281 @.@ 1 south of Chamberlain with an historical marker . To the west of the highway are afforded views of the Arm River valley . At km 276 @.@ 1 , the highway takes a sharp turn to continue north as it leaves the Highway 11 concurrency . After the concurrency , Highway 2 is a class 3 AC primary weight highway until Watrous . The junction of Highway 733 in 11 @.@ 5 kilometres ( 7 @.@ 1 mi ) provides access to Last Mountain Lake ( Long Lake ) traveling east . Holdfast is accessed at the Highway 732 junction . Penzance is east of the highway at km 305 @.@ 0 , where Highway 732 turns north , forming the beginning of a 18 @.@ 2 kilometres ( 11 @.@ 3 mi ) concurrency . Liberty is a small community at km 320 @.@ 5 . Located near Stalwart is the Stalwart National Wildlife Area , a wetlands region . Watertown ( 1903 – 1910 ) provides easy access to Etter 's Beach on Long Lake . The settlers of Watertown established a post office named Harkness Post Office , Assiniboia , North West Territories . With the arrival of the rail , the village became known as Imperial . The town of Imperial is the largest center west of Last Mountain Lake with a population around 300 and an AADT of close to 650 vpd . The village of Simpson is also along the highway which runs parallel to Last Mountain Lake . There are several roadside turnouts to access Last Mountain Lake from Highway 2 . The Last Mountain Lake Sanctuary was the first federal bird sanctuary . Highway 15 provides access to Nokomis to the east , and Kenaston to the west .
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Critical reception towards Laundry Service ranged from favourable to mixed , with critics expressing different opinions regarding the production and composition of the album . Alex Henderson from AllMusic commended Shakira 's songwriting abilities in English , calling it a " challenge that she handles impressively well . Shakira , it turns out , sings quite convincingly in English , " and also praised her different mixes of musical styles , saying " Like Shakira 's Spanish @-@ language albums , this self @-@ produced CD is enjoyably eclectic ; she successfully combines pop / rock with everything from tango on " Objection ( Tango ) " and Andean music on " Whenever , Wherever " to Middle Eastern music on " Eyes Like Yours " . He concluded that " Dónde Están los Ladrones ? remains Shakira 's most essential album , but Laundry Service is an excellent English @-@ language debut for the South American vocalist . " A critic from Billboard also favoured the presence of various musical styles on the album and commented that " Laundry Service finds the 24 @-@ year @-@ old artist unafraid of merging musical flavors , " and complimented Shakira 's vocal talent . Similarly , the Entertainment.ie review of the album deemed the lyrical content " surreal " and the production " no less bizarre [ ... ] imposing breakneck tangos , twanging guitar solos and bizarre raps onto a familiar soft rock template . " They felt that Laundry Service could not be called a " great album " , reasoning that the " The line between fascinatingly strange and <unk> weird is a thin one , and Laundry Service crosses it far too often , " but also stated that " Even so , Shakira 's star quality can hardly be denied - and in today 's increasingly conformist pop industry that deserves at least two cheers . " Alexis Petridis from The Guardian lauded Shakira 's originality , opining that " In an age of personality @-@ free pop idols , Shakira 's glorious eccentricity makes her a true star , " and commented that " Every song contains at least one non sequitur so eccentric that it could be the work of 1970s rock surrealist Captain Beefheart " and " The music on Laundry Service gives the lyrics a run for their money in the oddball handicap . " Although he felt that the use of samples on various songs " displays an attitude to plagiarism that Noel Gallagher would consider cavalier " and that " no one could claim Laundry Service was a groundbreaking work of art , " he concluded that " its ramshackle production and <unk> lyrics are striking and unique . And these days , it 's hard not to find any pop record that provokes those adjectives rather cheering . " Music critic Robert Christgau termed Laundry Service " the Cher album Cher never made " and attributed this to Shakira 's blend of Middle Eastern styles in her music ; he commented that the " stylistic appetite of this Colombian superstar is pure rock en Español " and appreciated Shakira 's confident songwriting . Christgau also noted Shakira 's strong vibrato and constant changing of timbre in her vocals . Lisa Oliver from Yahoo ! Music said that Shakira 's experimentation with different styles yield " results ranging from corking to <unk> , " but experienced difficulty with the formatting of the CD , saying " the biggest problem with ' Laundry Service ' is the anti @-@ copying device that renders the CD useless in anything other than a conventional CD player [ ... ] A shame then , because this Latino hottie could dilate the musical pupils of even the most ardent homebody if only they could get off the computer long enough to hear it . "
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In order to secure his southern frontier from Ottoman threats , Stephen wanted to liberate Wallachia – where the hostile Radu the Handsome , the <unk> of Vlad Țepeș ruled – from Ottoman dominion . In 1470 , he invaded the country and burned down the town of Brăila and in 1471 , Stephen and Radu confronted each other in Moldavia , where the latter was defeated . Meanwhile , Genoa , which possessed several colonies in the Crimea , began to worry about Stephen 's growing influence in the region ; and ordered her colonies to do whatever was needed to revenge past mischief from which allegedly , the Genovese had suffered . The colonies in turn pursued the Tatars to attack Moldavia . Later that year , the Tatars invaded the country from the north , causing great damage to the land and enslaving many . Stephen replied by invading Tatar territory with Polish assistance . In 1472 , Uzun Hassan of Ak Koyunlu invaded the Ottoman Empire from the east , causing a great crisis to the empire . He was defeated the following year , but this unexpected event , as it is explained in a contemporary source , encouraged Venice and Hungary to renew their war on the Ottomans , and Moldavia to free herself from any Ottoman influence . In 1473 , Stephen stopped paying the annual tribute to the Porte and as a reaction to this , an Italian letter , dated from 1473 to Bartolomeo Scala , secretary of the Republic of Florence , reveals that Mehmed had left Constantinople on April 13 and was planning to invade Moldavia from land and sea . Stephen still hoped to make peace with Radu and asked the Polish king to work as mediator . The peace attempts failed and the conflict intensified with three leaders challenging each other for the Wallachian throne : Radu , who was supported by Mehmed ; the seemingly loyal Basarab Laiotă , who at first was supported by Stephen ; and Basarab Ţepeluş cel <unk> — who would gain the support of Stephen after Laiotă 's betrayal . A series of " absurd " clashes followed , starting with another confrontation between Stephen and Radu on November 18 – 20 , at Râmnicu <unk> , where the latter suffered his second defeat at the hands of the Moldavian " warlike " prince . A few days later , on November 28 , the Ottomans intervened with an army consisting of 12 @,@ 000 Ottomans and 6 @,@ 000 Wallachians , but " they incurred heavy losses and fled across the Danube . " After capturing the castle of Bucharest , Stephen put Laiotă on the throne , but on December 31 , a new Ottoman army of 17 @,@ 000 set camp around river <unk> , laying waste to the countryside , and intimidating the new prince into abandoning his Wallachian throne and fleeing to Moldavia . In the spring of 1474 , Laiotă took the Wallachian throne for the second time ; and in June , he made the decision to betray his protégé by submitting to Mehmet . Stephen then invested his support into a new candidate , named Ţepeluş ( little spear ) , but his reign was even shorter , as it only lasted a few weeks after being defeated by Laiotă in battle on October 5 . Two weeks later , Stephen returned to Wallachia and forced Laiotă to flee . Mehmed , tired of what transpired in Wallachia , gave Stephen an ultimatum to forfeit Chilia to the Porte , to abolish his aggressive policy in Wallachia , and to come to Constantinople with his delayed homage . The Prince refused and in November 1474 , he wrote to the Pope to warn him of further Ottoman expansion , and to ask him for support .
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By the mid 1990s Casas worked regularly for CMLL and toured Japan several times a year , wrestling for New Japan Pro Wrestling ( NJPW ) . In April 1994 Casas took part in the first Super J @-@ Cup tournament ; he lost to Ricky Fuji in the first round . On December 1 , 1995 , Negro Casas defeated longtime rival Hijo del Santo in the finals of a tournament to crown a new NWA World Welterweight Championship . Casas held the title for over 200 days , rarely defending until he participated in a tournament to unify 8 lightweight titles in NJPW 's J @-@ Crown tournament . Casas put the Welterweight title on the line but lost to Shinjiro Otani in the first round . Casas and El Hijo del Santo resumed their feud in 1997 , culminating in another Lucha de Apuestas between the two . Negro Casas once again ended up on the losing side , losing two falls to one in the main event of the CMLL 63rd Anniversary Show . Negro Casas would later state that El Hijo del Santo was one of his favorite rivals and good friends backstage . Following the Apuesta loss Negro Casas and El Hijo del Santo began teaming together in 1998 and in early 1999 the team defeated Bestia Salvaje and Scorpio Jr. by disqualification , but refused to accept the CMLL World Tag Team Championship as they did not win by pinfall . After the refusal the title the two teams faced a few weeks later and this time Casas and Hijo del Santo won by pinfall to claim the title . The team reigned for over 400 days , until El Hijo del Santo left CMLL ; forcing Negro Casas to vacate the title . When El Hijo del Santo returned in 2001 the duo picked up where they left off by defeating Último Guerrero and Rey Bucanero to win the tag team championship once again . After 210 days and several title defenses Guerrero and Bucanero finally regained the titles , ending the third and final reign of the Casas / Hijo del Santo team . Following the loss of the tag team title Negro Casas began focusing on his singles career once again , winning the CMLL World Middleweight Championship from Emilio Charles Jr. on April 26 , 2004 . On August 28 , 2005 , Negro Casas became a double champion when he won the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship , teaming with his brothers El Felino and Heavy Metal to defeat Black Tiger III , Pentagon Black , and El Pantera to win the title . The trios title reign lasted 129 days , ended by the team of Cerebro Negro , Veneno , and Scorpio Jr . In 2006 Negro Casas was teamed up with CMLL 's rising star Místico , working together in a style very similar to Casas and Hijo del Santo . The two defeated Averno and Mephisto to win the CMLL Tag Team Championship , Casas ' fourth and Místico 's first , on April 14 , 2006 . On September 17 , 2006 , Negro Casas ' 874 day CMLL World Middleweight Championship reign ended at the hands of Averno . Casas and Místico lost the tag team titles to Último Guerrero and Dr. Wagner Jr. on July 13 , 2007 but quickly regained them a week later . The team of Último Guerrero and Atlantis finally dethroned the duo , keeping them away from the title in subsequent rematches . On November 11 , 2007 , Negro Casas won the IWRG Intercontinental Middleweight Championship by defeating Villano III in the finals of a tournament to find a new champion . Casas has not lost the title , but since CMLL and IWRG stopped working together in 2008 he is no longer promoted as the champion with the title technically being inactive .
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The route originates in the Kanfanar interchange with the A9 motorway and the D303 road in central Istria , east of Rovinj . From that point , the A8 proceeds east towards the <unk> exit ; there it turns north towards the Rogovići interchange with the D48 road . The latter represents the western approach to Pazin , the capital of Istria County . The A8 section between Kanfanar and Rogovići consists of four traffic lanes with a central reservation . Beyond the Rogovići interchange , the A8 changes direction once again , running generally to the northeast ; it acts as a bypass around Pazin . It goes through rough karst terrain that requires three major bridges with a total length of 949 metres ( 3 @,@ 114 ft ) ; the longest bridge is the <unk> viaduct , at 444 metres ( 1 @,@ 457 ft ) . The road then heads toward Cerovlje , running along and near the Pazinčica river valley and the Cerovlje valley ; this includes a 1 @,@ 330 @-@ metre ( 4 @,@ 360 ft ) bridge over the Pazinčica river . After Cerovlje the road runs for 7 kilometres ( 4 @.@ 3 mi ) , through hilly terrain requiring bridges for about 10 % of the route , to the Lupoglav exit and an interchange with the D44 road . Past Lupoglav , after going over the Lupoglav – <unk> railway line the A8 heads southeast , until it reaches the <unk> road at the Vranja exit and the western entrance to the 5 @.@ 062 @-@ kilometre ( 3 @.@ 145 mi ) Učka Tunnel ; this is the third @-@ longest road tunnel in Croatia . The tunnel carries the route east , through part of the Učka mountain range . It represents the end of the easternmost section of the Istrian Y system ( comprising the A8 and the A9 motorways ) where a toll is charged ; consequently , there are toll plazas adjacent to both tunnel entrances . East of the tunnel , the route runs northeast to the Matulji interchange with the A7 motorway and the eastern terminus of the A8 motorway . This section contains the Opatija and Veprinac exits , serving Opatija , <unk> , <unk> and other Opatija Riviera resorts . The elevation of the route 's 11 @.@ 4 @-@ kilometre ( 7 @.@ 1 mi ) segment east of the tunnel drops from 520 metres ( 1 @,@ 710 feet ) above sea level at the eastern portal of the Učka Tunnel to approximately 180 metres ( 590 feet ) above sea level adjacent to the Matulji interchange . An additional climbing lane is present along parts of this segment . Unlike all the other exits found along the route , the Opatija exit is an at @-@ grade intersection regulated by a traffic light , while the Veprinac exit is executed as a partial cloverleaf interchange . Overall , the A8 is 64 @.@ 0 kilometres ( 39 @.@ 8 miles ) long with 10 exits along the route . A significant portion of the route has no emergency lanes as yet , but lay @-@ bys are available intermittently along the route . The traffic lanes ' width varies along the route , being 3 @.@ 5 metres ( 11 feet ) wide in all sections except between Cerovlje and Lupoglav , where the traffic lanes are 3 @.@ 25 metres ( 10 @.@ 7 feet ) wide .
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Perkins brought discipline to a team that had been described as " the country club of the NFL " , and rebuilt the team with youth . Perkins claimed that the Buccaneers were more talented than the New York Giants team he had taken over in 1979 , and selected a then @-@ record 20 players in the 1987 NFL Draft . He improved their conditioning program , and instituted three @-@ a @-@ day practices . Perkins ' harsh style was in stark contrast to the laid @-@ back approach of his predecessor Bennett , of whom it was said that his " idea of team discipline was everyone wearing the same color uniform on game day " . Conditioning improvements included emphasizing free weights over Nautilus machines , to improve <unk> . Players were also given pay incentives to work out , although Perkins expressed surprise that players should need extra incentive to improve their conditioning . The improved conditioning paid off early in the season : their opening @-@ week 48 – 10 win over the Atlanta Falcons still ( as of 2012 ) ranks as the most Buccaneer points scored in a game , matched only in Super Bowl XXXVII . The team had a 1 – 1 record when the season was disrupted by the 1987 players ' strike . Unlike in previous seasons , when players ' strikes stopped all play , the owners formed teams of replacement players to play the scheduled games . The Buccaneers had a 3 – 2 record when regular play resumed , and nearly beat a Chicago Bears team only one season removed from its Super Bowl victory . The game had been preceded by much media speculation over whether Bears star quarterback Jim McMahon would play . It was the first week since undergoing surgery after being dropped on his shoulder following a play the previous November that McMahon was in the Bears ' lineup , although Mike Tomczak remained the starter for the game . The Buccaneers took a 20 – 0 lead and dominated the game for three quarters . Late in the third quarter , McMahon came off the bench and sparked the Bears to a 27 – 26 win , their biggest comeback in team history . Two weeks later , Tampa Bay had a 28 – 3 fourth quarter lead over the St. Louis Cardinals . In what is now the third @-@ biggest comeback in NFL history , the Cardinals scored 4 touchdowns to win the game . The Buccaneers did not win again for the rest of the season . It was rare for an NFL team to fall into a season @-@ long losing streak following such a defensive collapse . Once the Buccaneers were out of the playoff picture , Perkins began to prepare Testaverde for the next season . Testaverde 's first start came on December 6 against the New Orleans Saints . His 369 yards on 22 completions set a record for an NFL debut , but his two early fumbles set up a Saints lead that the Buccaneers were not able to overcome . Tackle Ron Heller , dispirited by Coach Perkins ' confrontational attitude and three @-@ a @-@ day practices that he believed were causing unnecessary injuries to the players , got into a fight with Perkins at halftime of this game that led to his being traded to the Seattle Seahawks . In return , the Buccaneers received defensive lineman Randy Edwards and a 1989 6th @-@ round draft pick that was used to select linebacker Derrick Little . Neither made the Buccaneers ' squad . Heller went on to play seven more solid seasons . The Buccaneers finished the season with a 4 – 11 record . Their 3 – 4 division record placed them ahead of the 4 – 11 Detroit Lions for fourth place in the NFC Central . Ron Holmes had eight quarterback sacks despite appearing in only ten games . Ervin Randle , who was named a UPI Second Team All @-@ NFC linebacker , was the only Buccaneer to be singled out for postseason honors .
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Bright stars were important to the ancient Polynesians for navigation between the many islands and atolls of the Pacific Ocean . Low on the horizon , they acted as stellar compasses to assist mariners in charting courses to particular destinations . They also served as latitude markers ; the declination of Sirius matches the latitude of the archipelago of Fiji at 17 ° S and thus passes directly over the islands each night . Sirius served as the body of a " Great Bird " constellation called Manu , with Canopus as the southern wingtip and Procyon the northern wingtip , which divided the Polynesian night sky into two hemispheres . Just as the appearance of Sirius in the morning sky marked summer in Greece , so it marked the chilly onset of winter for the Māori , whose name Takurua described both the star and the season . Its culmination at the winter solstice was marked by celebration in Hawaii , where it was known as Ka <unk> , " Queen of Heaven " . Many other Polynesian names have been recorded , including Tau @-@ ua in the Marquesas Islands , Rehua in New Zealand , and Ta 'urua @-@ <unk> @-@ papa " Festivity of original high chiefs " and Ta 'urua @-@ e @-@ <unk> @-@ i @-@ te @-@ tara @-@ te @-@ <unk> " Festivity who rises with prayers and religious ceremonies " in Tahiti . The Hawaiian people had many names for Sirius , including Aa ( " glowing " ) , Hoku @-@ <unk> , Kau @-@ ano @-@ <unk> ( also <unk> ) , " Standing @-@ alone @-@ and @-@ sacred " , Hiki @-@ <unk> or Hiki @-@ <unk> ( the navigational name ) , Hiki @-@ kau @-@ <unk> @-@ <unk> ( " star of solitary <unk> " , the astrological name ) , Kaulua ( also Kaulua @-@ <unk> @-@ <unk> , " flower of the heavens " ) , Hiki @-@ <unk> , Hoku @-@ hoo @-@ <unk> @-@ <unk> ( " star which causes the canoe to sail " , a marine navigation name ) , and Kaulua @-@ lena ( " yellow star " ) . The people of the Society Islands called Sirius variously Taurua @-@ <unk> @-@ papa , Taurua @-@ nui @-@ te @-@ amo @-@ <unk> , and Taurua @-@ e @-@ <unk> @-@ i @-@ tara @-@ te @-@ <unk> . Other names for Sirius included <unk> @-@ <unk> ( Futuna ) , Mere ( Mangaia ) , <unk> ( Manihiki ) , Taku @-@ ua ( Marquesas Islands ) , and <unk> ( Pukapuka ) . In the cosmology of the Tuamotus , Sirius had various names , including Takurua @-@ te @-@ <unk> , Te Kaha ( " coconut fiber " ) , Te <unk> , <unk> , and Vero @-@ ma @-@ <unk> ( " flaming and diminishing " ) .
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The following week , Angle was chosen as the number one contender for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship , but was defeated by Jeff Hardy in his title match . Afterwards , Angle was attacked by Aces & Eights . At Turning Point , Angle defeated Aces & Eights member Devon via submission , despite the rest of Aces & Eights trying to interfere . Angle continued his feud with Aces & Eights on the December 6 episode of Impact Wrestling , defeating DOC via disqualification after the rest of Aces & Eights interfered . Three days later at Final Resolution , Angle teamed with Garett Bischoff , Samoa Joe , and Wes Brisco to defeat Devon , DOC , and two masked members of Aces & Eights in an eight @-@ man tag team match . Angle unsuccessfully challenged Devon for the TNA Television Championship on the edition of December 20 of Impact Wrestling , after interference from Aces & Eights , Garett Bischoff , Samoa Joe , and Wes Brisco . On the January 3 , 2013 , episode of Impact Wrestling , Angle and Samoa Joe defeated Devon and a masked member of Aces & Eights in a steel cage tag team match . Afterwards , the returning Sting saved Angle and Joe from a beatdown from Aces & Eights before revealing the mystery member as the debuting Mike Knox . The following week , Angle was sidelined with a storyline injury after Knox hit him in the neck with a ball @-@ peen hammer . Angle returned to in @-@ ring action on the January 31 Impact Wrestling , defeating Aces & Eights member Mr. Anderson in a steel cage match . Afterwards , Angle 's two allies Garret Bischoff and Wes Brisco revealed themselves as members of Aces & Eights and attacked him . Angle infiltrated the Aces & Eights hideout on the February 28 <unk> managed to unmask their Vice President , but was beat down by the other members before he could reveal his identity to the cameras . Angle revealed the Vice President as D 'Lo Brown on the following episode of Impact . At Lockdown , Angle was defeated by Wes Brisco in a steel cage match , following interference from Brown . Angle was defeated by Jeff Hardy in a four @-@ way number one contenders match for the World Heavyweight Championship , which also included Magnus and Samoa Joe on the March 21 Impact Wrestling . In the following weeks , Angle continued to face Bischoff and Brisco in multiple tag team and handicap matches , that all ended with the two getting the advantage over Angle . Angle then began feuding with A.J. Styles , after Styles refused to answer Angle 's question on whether he is with TNA or the Aces & Eights which led to a brawl between the two on the May 9 episode of Impact Wrestling . On June 2 at Slammiversary XI , Angle was announced as the second inductee into the TNA Hall of Fame . Later that night , Angle defeated Styles in a singles match . On the following Impact Wrestling , Angle got into a verbal confrontation with the debuting Rampage Jackson who claimed he had to beat the best to be the best . The following week , Angle was defeated by Styles in a rematch to earn the final spot in the 2013 Bound for Glory Series . Afterward , Angle was assaulted by Aces & Eights until Jackson came out and made the save . On June 20 Angle attacked TNA World Heavyweight Champion Bully Ray at the end of the Impact episode , and revealed himself as the first member of Sting 's New Main Event Mafia . In the following weeks , Angle and Sting recruited Samoa Joe , Magnus , and Rampage Jackson as members of the New Main Event Mafia . Beginning on August 2 , Angle took a hiatus from TNA after being admitted to rehab for drug and alcohol use .
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Research into identifying the cause of the disease began in 1868 , when grape growers in Roquemaure , near Pujaut , asked the agricultural society in Montpellier for help . To investigate the disease , the society appointed a committee consisting of botanist Jules Émile Planchon , local grower Felix <unk> , and the society 's president , Gaston Bazille , among others . <unk> soon noticed that the roots of dying vines were infested with " lice " , which were sucking sap from the plants . The committee named the new insect <unk> <unk> . Planchon consulted French entomologists Victor Antoine Signoret and Jules Lichtenstein ( Planchon 's brother @-@ in @-@ law ) . Signoret suggested renaming the insect Phylloxera <unk> , due to its similarity to Phylloxera quercus , which afflicted oak leaves . In 1869 , English entomologist John Obadiah Westwood suggested that an insect that had afflicted grape leaves in England circa 1863 was the same insect afflicting grape vines ' roots in France . Also in 1869 , Lichtenstein suggested that the French insect was an American " vine louse " that had been identified in 1855 by the American entomologist Asa Fitch , which he 'd named <unk> <unk> . However , there was a problem with these suggestions : French grape lice were known to infest only a vine 's roots , whereas American grape lice were known to infest only its leaves . The British @-@ born American entomologist Charles Valentine Riley had been following news of the outbreak in France . He sent Signoret specimens of American grape lice , which Signoret concluded — in 1870 , while besieged in Paris during the Franco @-@ Prussian War — were indeed identical to French grape lice . Meanwhile , Planchon and Lichtenstein had found vines with afflicted leaves ; lice that were transferred from those leaves to the roots of healthy vines attached themselves to the vines ' roots as other French grape lice did . Also in 1870 , Riley discovered that American grape lice wintered on American grape vines ' roots , which the insects damaged , albeit less than in the case of French vines . Using American grape vines and American grape lice , Riley also repeated Planchon and Lichtenstein 's experiment , with similar results . Thus the identity of the French and American grape lice was proved . Nevertheless , for another three years , a powerful majority in France argued that Phylloxera was not the cause of vine disease ; instead , vines that were already sickly became infested with Phylloxera . Thus , in their opinion , Phylloxera was merely a consequence of the " true " disease , which remained to be found . Regardless , Riley had discovered American grape varieties that were especially resistant to Phylloxera , and by 1871 , French farmers began to import them and graft French vines onto the American rootstock . ( Leo Laliman had suggested importing American vines as early as 1869 , but French farmers were reluctant to abandon their traditional varieties . Gaston Bazille then proposed grafting traditional French vines onto American rootstock . ) However , importation of American vines did not entirely solve the problem : some American grape varieties struggled in France 's chalky soils and succumbed to Phylloxera . By trial and error , American vines were found that could tolerate chalky soils . Meanwhile , entomologists worked to unravel the strange life cycle of Phylloxera , a project that was completed in 1874 .
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During the war , an incident occurred involving the Prince George 's County jail , when local resident Dr. William Beanes , ( 1775 – 1824 ) captured several marauding British Army deserters from the passing army of General General Robert Ross ( 1766 – 1814 ) and Vice Admiral , Sir George Cockburn , ( 1772 – 1853 ) , and held them in the County Jail , after he had treated several wounded " Redcoat " soldiers in their march on to Washington and the disastrous Battle of Bladensburg on the Eastern Branch stream of the Anacostia River in August 1814 . Later he was arrested along with several others including Robert Bowie , former 11th Governor of Maryland ( 1803 – 06 , 1811 – 12 ) by retreating British cavalry on orders from Ross who had stayed in his home as headquarters . Later Francis Scott Key ( 1779 – 1843 ) , a Georgetown and Frederick lawyer with Col. John S. Skinner , U.S. Prisoner @-@ of @-@ War and Parole Agent went to Baltimore secured a small sailing ship , the Minden , and sailed down the Patapsco River and the Chesapeake Bay to find the British Royal Navy fleet after leaving the Patuxent River , beating up the Bay from their base on Tangier Island , Virginia heading for their attack on the hated " nest of pirates " - Baltimore . After being received and negotiating with General Ross , Admiral Cockburn and their superior , Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane , ( 1758 – 1832 ) , and showing him some letters written by captured British wounded soldiers testifying to the fair treatment Beanes had given them and tended to them , they agreed to free him but that would be held up until they could celebrate after the Burning of Baltimore following their attack on Fort McHenry and landing troops to the east at North Point . Well , the famous story has been told , how the general was killed prior to the skirmishing at the Battle of North Point on September 12 , how the advancing British under successor , Colonel Arthur Brooke led the British regiments to face the 20 @,@ 000 drafted and volunteer citizens and militia under the command of Major General Samuel Smith , ( 1752 – 1839 ) , of the Maryland Militia on the eastern heights of " <unk> 's Hill " ( later known as " Hampstead Hill " in modern Patterson Park , between Highlandtown and Canton neighborhoods ) whose dug @-@ in fortifications and dragged cannon were so numerous that the " Redcoats " halted in their tracks and decided to await the shelling of the fort which guarded the entrances to the Harbor to pass into the inner port and the waterfront of Fells Point . Following the failure of the fort to fall to two days of " the rockets ' red glare and the bombs bursting in air " and their flanking troop @-@ loaded barge attack around the west end but driven back by alert artillery seamen at Forts Covington and Babcock in a driving night rainstorm , the British fleet turned about and set sail . Key and his companions Beanes and Skinner who were startled , amazed and emotionally overcome to see a huge 30 by 42 foot banner being raised in the light of the early morning with the distant booming of the morning 's gun salute , knew that the fort and the city had held . When they landed at " The Basin " ( modern " Inner Harbor " ) and Key finished up his draft of a new poem " The Defence of Fort McHenry " at the Indian Queen Hotel at West Baltimore and Hanover Streets , ( later to be set to music in a few days ) and sung lustily through the city , performed on the stage at the famed Holliday Street Theatre , and then soon throughout the state and soon the nation as " The Star Spangled Banner " .
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Jezebel determined that Belle " is often held up as the standard of the ' feminist ' Disney princess . " According to Tales , Then and Now : More Folktales as Literary Fictions for Young Adults author Anna E. Altmann , Disney heavily promoted Beauty and the Beast as " a feminist fairy tale " due to Belle 's characterization and role in the film . In his book Hearing a Film , Seeing a Sermon : Preaching and Popular Movies , author Timothy B. <unk> agreed that the character indicated " Disney 's ... continued efforts to reshape their heroines for a more feminist age . " According to Girl Culture : An Encyclopedia author Claudia Mitchell , Belle 's feminism was influenced by third @-@ wave feminism and the relatively new concept of girl power during the 1990s . Feminist critics have been generally mixed in their analyses of Belle , arguing over whether or not the character is in fact " feminist enough . " Although Beauty and the Beast was initially lauded upon release for starring a " forward thinking and feminist " heroine , critics tend to agree that , in spite of Belle 's independence and resentment towards Gaston , Beauty and the Beast essentially remains a romance about a girl who finally " meets her ideal man . " Acknowledging that Belle " represented significant change from [ her ] sweet , mop @-@ wielding predecessors , " Twilight and History author Nancy <unk> observed that " the end result of fulfillment through marriage has been maintained . " Kathleen Maher of The Austin Chronicle cited Belle as an example of " pseudo @-@ feminism " because she rejects one man , Gaston , in favor of another , a prince . While commending Belle for " seeing past the beast 's appearance , " Judith <unk> of The Independent in the end accused the character of " melting back into the role of wife when he turns back into a handsome prince . " Fairy Tale author Andrew <unk> referred to Belle as Disney 's attempt to address " feminist criticism of its representation of women in earlier films , " but ultimately criticized the character 's curiosity for " extend [ ing ] only to romance , " additionally accusing her of being " a zealous individualist with a pathological hostility to common men and women . " Meanwhile , Stylist ranked Belle among the most feminist Disney characters , describing her as an " incredibly intelligent " woman who " doesn 't stand for a man who considers her as just a piece of meat ... she wants someone who loves her for her mind too . " Acknowledging the character 's " feminist longings , " Daniel <unk> , author of America 's Film Legacy : The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry , cited Belle as Disney 's " modern @-@ day corrective to Snow White . " Beyond Adaptation : Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works author Phyllis <unk> wrote that , initially , Beauty and the Beast does not seem " remotely feminist . " However , the author did acknowledge Belle as " an appealing character with a noticeable feminist streak , " but in the end criticized Disney 's Consumer Products of reversing what the film had nearly accomplished by inducting the character into the Disney Princess franchise . In Refinery29 's " Definitive Ranking Of Disney Princesses As Feminist Role Models , " author Vanessa <unk> ranked the character eighth but described her personality and ambitions as " confusing . " Complex 's Tara Aquino described Belle as " a kinda feminist ... who 's well @-@ read , self @-@ sufficient , and with standards high enough that she doesn 't fall for the town 's brain @-@ dead pretty boy . "
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On July 10 , 2015 , Stauskas was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers along with Carl Landry , Jason Thompson , a future first round pick , and the rights to swap first round picks in 2016 and 2017 , in exchange for the rights to <unk> <unk> and Luka Mitrović . During the preseason , Stauskas was impaired by a right tibia stress reaction . Although he felt recovered from the stress reaction by the beginning of the season , he missed the October 28 season opener with back spasms . The 2015 – 16 76ers team played no players over the age of 24 or with more than 3 years of NBA experience on opening night . Stauskas joined the young team 's rotation in October 30 against the Utah Jazz with a 12 @-@ point debut performance . Stauskas moved into the starting lineup on November 2 against the Cleveland Cavaliers . He posted a career @-@ high tying 15 points against his idol LeBron James . On November 7 , Stauskas posted a career @-@ high 18 points and career @-@ high tying five assists against the Orlando Magic . He tallied at least 12 points in each of his first five games of action for Philadelphia . However , by mid November , Stauskas was deep in a shooting slump . He was scoreless in back @-@ to @-@ back starts , going 0 @-@ for @-@ 10 ( 0 – 5 3 point shots ) combined against the San Antonio Spurs and Dallas Mavericks on November 14 and November 16 . Fortunately for Stauskas , his backup , Isaiah Canaan , was in a simultaneous slump , going 3 @-@ for @-@ 20 in the same games . However , Stauskas had a left knee contusion on November 23 against the Minnesota Timberwolves and was sidelined for the second half and the subsequent three @-@ game road trip . He missed only one game and returned to the lineup on November 27 in limited minutes off the bench . On December 1 , Stauskas and the 76ers defeated the Los Angeles Lakers 103 – 91 . The win ended the longest losing streak in the history of major professional sports in the United States ( 28 games going back to the prior season ) and the worst start in NBA history ( tied with the 2009 – 10 New Jersey Nets at 0 – 18 ) . Stauskas went scoreless in 4 consecutive appearances between December 16 and December 22 . He then did not play on December 23 when the 76ers played against the Milwaukee Bucks . When the 76ers defeated the Phoenix Suns in new point guard Ish Smith 's first game with the team for their second win of the season ( snapping a 12 @-@ game losing streak and a 23 @-@ game road losing streak ) on December 26 , Stauskas was coming off the bench and contributed 17 points . As Stauskas endured an up and down season , he became Kendall Marshall 's father 's target of blame for Marshall 's lack of playing time on January 2 . That night against the Los Angeles Clippers , Stauskas posted 18 points on 6 – 8 three point shooting . Stauskas returned to the starting lineup for the 76ers on January 4 against the Minnesota Timberwolves for the 76ers 4th win of the season . However , he was injured in overtime of the January 15 contest against the Chicago Bulls and missed three games before returning to the lineup on January 25 against the Boston Celtics . Stauskas scored 18 points again on March 15 against the Brooklyn Nets . Stauskas established a new career high on March 18 against the Oklahoma City Thunder , scoring 23 points .
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Though Pacific Northwest provided the initial flurry of garage rock bands , other parts of the United States and Canada were soon to follow , particularly in response to the impact of the Beatles and the British Invasion , which would result in a widespread grassroots rock explosion . One of the next regions to experience a proliferation of bands was Boston and New England . The Barbarians , from Cape Cod , wearing sandals and long hair , and cultivating an image of " noble savages " , recorded an album and several singles , such as the partly self @-@ referential , " Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl " . Impossible to ignore was the sight of their drummer , Victor " <unk> " Moulton , who played the drums holding one of his sticks with a prosthetic clamp in place of his left hand , worn as the result of an earlier accident . In 1964 the group appeared on the <unk> Show , on same bill as famous acts such as the Rolling Stones and James Brown , playing the joyfully primitive " Hey Little Bird . " In 1966 , while the other members of the band were away , Moulton recorded " <unk> " , a spoken monologue set to music , in which he recounted the travails of his disfigurement , released under the Barbarians ' name , but backed by future members of the Band . The Remains ( sometimes called Barry and the Remains ) , from Boston , led by Barry <unk> , were also popular in the region , and in addition to touring with the Beatles in 1966 , recorded a self @-@ titled album for Epic that year just before breaking up . During their years of activity they recorded several songs which have subsequently become highly regarded , such as " Don 't Look Back " and " Why do I Cry " . Also from Boston , the Rockin ' Ramrods recorded a number of songs , including the distortion @-@ driven protopunk of " She Lied " , in 1964 . The <unk> from Ipswich , Massachusetts , were popular in the New England and Upstate New York area and released the single , " My World is Upside Down " in 1966 . The Squires , from Bristol , Connecticut , released the song , " All the Way " on Atco Records in 1966 . All three songs are now regarded as a garage classics . In the New Haven area , there were numerous bands , several of whom , such as the <unk> and the Bram Rigg Set , recorded at the <unk> <unk> Studios , in Wallingford , owned by music entrepreneur , Thomas <unk> . Vermont had its share of activity . The Chosen Few , from Saint Michael 's College in Burlington , released the single , " Get in on Life " , and the Thunderbolts , also from Burlington , cut " Heart so Cold " . Rhode Island also had a vigorous scene . From Bristol came the Hot Beats who cut the highly primitive " Listen " and Satan 's Breed , from Cranston @-@ West Warwick , who waxed " Laugh Myself to the Grave " . Other Rhode Island bands were the Mystic Five , from Hope , and the Petrified Forest . From York , Maine came the Cobras ( sometimes performed as the King Cobras ) who recorded the boisterous " I Wanna Be Your Love " and " Instant Heartache " . Much of the scene in Lewiston , Maine revolved around the Pal Hop , a teen club that hosted bands every weekend . Terry & the Telstars appeared regularly there and went to Ace Studios in Boston to record " Reasons " and " Stop and Think " .
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Crookedstar 's Promise was released on 5 July 2011 . It takes place at the same time as Bluestar 's Prophecy and details the life of Crookedstar , initially Stormkit . As a kit , Stormkit falls into the river after he sneaks out of camp and attempts to chase ThunderClan medicine cat Goosefeather away from <unk> , a part of RiverClan territory ( at the time ) . This leads him to break his jaw on a rock . <unk> , Stormkit 's mother , rejects Stormkit due to his disfigured appearance and demands that RiverClan leader Hailstar perform a renaming ceremony to rename Stormkit to Crookedkit . Feeling rejected , Crookedkit is visited in a dream by Mapleshade , a Dark Forest cat who allows Crookedkit to believe that she is from StarClan . She tells him that she can give him anything he wants as long as he is faithful to his Clan and puts all other things aside . Crookedkit quickly accepts this promise , believing it not to be a difficult promise , as he was already loyal to his Clan , and believes that Mapleshade can help him become leader . Mapleshade then uses Crookedkit 's promise to seemingly bring about the deaths of Crookedkit 's loved ones . When Crookedjaw is chasing away a dog , the dog knocks his mother , <unk> , into a river , and she hits her head on rocks . Mapleshade urges Crookedjaw to focus on the dog instead of bringing his mother to the medicine cat , and she dies . Crookedjaw then becomes deputy upon his father <unk> 's retirement ; shortly after , <unk> dies of a lump in his stomach . Not long after , Hailstar loses his last life while fighting rats in a barn : although Mapleshade urges him to not protect Hailstar so he can become leader , Crookedjaw ignores her , having discovered that she is actually from the Dark Forest . Nonetheless , Hailstar is killed . Despite his insistence that she stay away from him , Mapleshade continues to haunt Crookedstar : his mate , <unk> , dies of a respiratory infection days after giving birth to his three kits , and two of the kits die as well . When Crookedstar confronts Mapleshade , she reveals that she had once been the mate of Crookedstar 's great @-@ grandfather . Mapleshade had been a ThunderClan cat , while her mate had been from RiverClan : Mapleshade is rejected by her Clan for taking a forbidden mate , then loses the kits in the river when she attempts to bring them to RiverClan . Her mate blames her for letting the kits drown in the river , and RiverClan , too , rejects Mapleshade . As a result , Mapleshade vows revenge on her mates descendants , one of whom is Crookedstar . When Crookedstar finally reveals his promise and his belief that it caused the deaths of his loved ones , to his medicine cat <unk> , she argues that the deaths were not in fact Mapleshade 's fault . Following the conclusion of the novel , Oakheart is killed , then in the manga feature , Silverstream , Crookedstar 's only remaining kit , dies after giving birth to Graystripe of ThunderClan 's kits . Mapleshade asserts that these deaths were her doing as well , but Crookedstar tells Mapleshade that she has failed to punish him , as his loved ones live on in StarClan , while she has no one . Finally , Crookedstar dies as well .
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After riders enter a Krusty themed ride car vehicle , Jeremy Freedman appears on a TV screen in the ride cabin and tells the guests that they are with him . He then says to keep the screaming down so he can study for a math test , because if he does not get a C or higher , he will get kicked out of the audio @-@ visual club . Eventually after a minute or so , Sideshow Bob cuts off his signal and takes control of the screen , the riders get startled , telling them that he has taken over Krustyland and flips a switch from thrilling to killing which activates the vehicles and lifts out of the room , starting the ride with the Simpsons in front of them . The coaster begins going down various drops before Homer gets hit by the wrecking " steel " ball controlled by Sideshow Bob before it smashes into the track , breaking it . Homer and the riders fly into a different part of the roller coaster track before the wrecking ball starts chasing them . Soon , the riders fly off the coaster and into the " Happy Little Elves in Panda Land " attraction with Bart and Lisa , where Bob takes control of an evil panda and sends the vehicles crashing through the attraction . The ride then flies off the attraction and enters " Captain Dinosaur 's Pirate Rip @-@ Off " with Homer and Marge . Sideshow Bob appears in a projection on the waterfall in the attraction and tells Homer to resist temptations inside . ( This is a parody from Pirates of the Caribbean ( attraction ) ) As riders pass through the waterfall , they get sprayed with water effects . Homer grabs a barrel of beer in the ride which soon triggers a trap that causes them to exit out of the attraction and arrive at " Krusty 's Wet and Smoky Stunt Show " where they are taken racing in circles while tied to a killer whale before Bob corners them at the attractions exit . Maggie , still giant @-@ sized , appears and grabs and bangs him into the vehicle , which almost falls into Hell before it is saved by Professor Frink . Bob then steals Maggie 's pacifier and tells her that she must destroy Springfield to get it back . Riders then take a ride through Springfield before encountering Maggie again , who mistakes their car for a new pacifier , and sucks on them repeatedly , before spitting them out ( getting riders wet ) , onto overhead power lines and catapulting them into the Simpsons ' house . While Maggie is sucking on the riders , the aroma of baby powder is released . The family is sitting on their couch when Kang and Kodos turns the house into Krusty 's " Death Drop " ride . The riders are then dropped down from the sky , encountering various Simpsons characters along the way . They land back at the entrance to Krustyland , where Bob prepares to kill them , before the couch the Simpsons are sitting on drops onto him . Maggie then appears and pushes down the Krusty head over the Simpsons . The vehicle is then calmly lowered back down to the ground while mist , fire , electricity and smoke effects spray , and Krusty appears on the TV screen in the loading room . For the Orlando attraction , Krusty is sitting in a control room and pushes an emergency button on the camera , causing the vehicle to vibrate , the riders get startled again , ending the ride . In the Hollywood version , Krusty is sitting in a control room and takes a picture of the guests ( The on @-@ ride photo is taken here for the Hollywood attraction ) . After the gullwing doors on the car lift up , guests exit the ride .
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The first obviously gay character was Extraño , an effeminate Peruvian man whose name means " Strange " in Spanish , who was created by Steve Englehart and Joe Staton and appeared in Millennium and New Guardians in 1987 . New Guardians was not successful , but during its short run it also featured one team member , Jet , contracting AIDS . The series was controversial , as several characters on the team were infected with HIV through the scratch of a character called the <unk> @-@ Goblin . Many angry letters were printed in response to this misinformation about HIV transmission , along with some gay readers <unk> that Extraño was too stereotypical . An official aftermath to Millennium , The Spectre ( vol . 2 ) # 11 , depicted a " mostly male and mostly gay " AIDS rally . Several characters , including the Enchantress ( describing them as " filthy disgusting men " ) and a police helicopter pilot named Ed ( screaming about " fags " ) are influenced into attempting to crush the rally by a seven @-@ headed spirit . Thanks to the actions of the Spectre , Doctor Fate , Deadman , Madame Xanadu ( later herself revealed to be bisexual ) , and Ben Turner , the men are saved . In 1988 's Wonder Woman Annual # 1 , Kevin Mayer , brother of Diana 'a late publicist <unk> Mayer , shows up at her will reading , saying she was the only member of the family who didn 't hate him for being gay . Mitch <unk> , mechanic for Task Force X , is a gay dad . Simon La Grieve , the organization 's head psychiatrist , refers to this as his " choice of sexuality " and wonders how <unk> 's son is adjusting . Priest Kramer counsels Mitch and tells him that his homosexuality is a natural part of himself that does not conflict with Christian scripture . The early 1990s saw a few more LGBT minor characters portrayed in DC titles . John Constantine dealt with gay bashers in Hellblazer # 6 and 7 and Swamp Thing # 74 ( 1988 ) . In the latter issue , Constantine , having jumped from a train at the end of Hellblazer # 6 , is found by gay bashers in a weakened state and severely beaten until rescued by Swamp Thing . While Constantine is not gay ( he is bisexual but is mostly sexually active with women ) , some of his gay friends were beaten and hospitalized , and he tried to protect them . In this case , the gay bashers were working at the behest of the demon , Nergal . Both this run and The Sandman story arcs Preludes and Nocturnes and The Kindly Ones arc featured elderly gay men . Transsexual themes were explored in the The Sandman : A Game of You story ( 1991 ) and in a 1992 storyline in Legion of Super @-@ Heroes . Notable storylines featuring LGBT themes include the coming out of Kyle Rayner 's assistant and an arc about his " gay bashing " in Green Lantern . These stories earned the writer title two GLAAD awards and a Gaylactic Spectrum Awards ( and a further nomination ) . Green Lantern also has a lesbian couple , Lee and Li , as supporting characters . An example of a gay character in a starring role is the violent vigilante superhero Midnighter , who appears in comic books published by Wildstorm , an imprint of DC Comics . The Batman @-@ like Midnighter was revealed to be in a relationship with the Superman @-@ like Apollo during their time as members of the superhero team The Authority .
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Additional commissions from important clients as well as notable buildings continued in the 1970s . Construction on the Koubek @-@ designed 1 @,@ 000 @,@ 000 square feet ( 93 @,@ 000 m2 ) , $ 23 million L 'Enfant Plaza Hotel and office building began until June 1971 . In July 1970 , construction began on his 37 @-@ story , pink granite United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company Building in Baltimore . It was the largest building yet constructed in the United States to employ the <unk> method of continuously poured concrete . The USF & G Building successfully sparked the economic revival of the Inner Harbor . Opened in 1974 , as of 2010 it remained the tallest building in Baltimore . Forty years later , it is considered a Baltimore landmark . Richard Burns of Design Collective Inc. has said , " In my opinion , his USF & G tower , now Legg Mason , is one of the best if not the best office buildings in downtown Baltimore . It is simple , direct and honest ... " David Wallace , whose Wallace Roberts and Todd designed the master site plan for the Inner Harbor , declared it the " linchpin for the Inner Harbor . If you look at it from a boat , it 's a punctuation point at one corner of the Inner Harbor , signifying where the central business district meets the waterfront . " Construction started on his eight @-@ story 2021 K Street NW office building in November 1970 . In the summer of 1971 , he completed his site plan for Friendship Heights , a 150 acres ( 61 ha ) site straddling the boundary between the District of Columbia and Maryland border at Friendship Heights / Friendship Village . The plan contemplated several high @-@ rise office buildings , a loop roadway around the site , pedestrian concourses , and several multi @-@ story shopping malls clustered around the intersection of Wisconsin Avenue and Western Avenue . ( The project was built throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s . ) In March 1971 , the American Automobile Association commissioned him to design a six @-@ story , $ 10 @-@ million headquarters for the group at <unk> Gatehouse Road in Fairfax , Virginia . Eight months later , the Air Line Pilots Association ( <unk> ) began construction on a Koubek @-@ designed headquarters at 1625 Massachusetts Avenue NW , three blocks northwest from his 1965 office building and across the street from the Philippine Embassy . In March 1974 , developer Melvin <unk> commissioned Koubek to design an all @-@ glass Modernist building for 1900 M Street NW . Koubek designed an eight @-@ story cubist building with an all @-@ glass facade ; cutaway , cantilevered front corner ; and ground floor arcade . In March 1975 , the National Bank of Washington , one of the city 's oldest and most storied banks , commissioned a new operations center ( <unk> Connecticut Avenue NW ) from Koubek . In May 1975 , Koubek joined a consortium of prominent local architects to design the Washington Harbor complex of buildings on the Georgetown waterfront . The three @-@ block @-@ long , eight @-@ building complex , which contained luxury condominiums , office space , restaurants , luxury retail space , a boardwalk , and plaza , was the first large @-@ scale redevelopment of Georgetown 's waterfront in the city 's history . By the end of 1975 , the New York Times was reporting that Koubek 's firm had designed roughly half the office buildings built in the District of Columbia since the 1950s .
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The following Australian season he became captain of New South Wales following the retirement of Kippax and the departure of Bradman to South Australia . However , with Australia touring South Africa in 1935 – 36 , McCabe did not represent his state . However , he was made vice @-@ captain to Vic Richardson for the tour , with Woodfull and Ponsford having retired , and Bradman ill . McCabe enjoyed more success , heading the Test batting figures with 420 runs at 84 @.@ 00 . After scoring 24 , 65 and 29 in three warm @-@ up matches , all of which were won by innings , McCabe hit 149 in the First Test at Durban , sharing a second @-@ wicket partnership of 161 with Bill Brown in gale @-@ force conditions which caused balls to make U @-@ turns in the headwind , forced the umpires to glue the bails to the wickets using chewing gum , to set up a nine @-@ wicket victory . In the following Test in Johannesburg , McCabe made 34 as Australia took a first innings lead of 93 . However , Dudley Nourse scored 235 to help the hosts to 491 ; McCabe removed Nourse and ended with 2 / 30 . Australia were set a Test world record target of 399 in the second innings to achieve victory on a turning wicket , and McCabe told captain Richardson that he would not be able to bat or run between wickets effectively because of altitude sickness . Regarding McCabe was his most important batsman , Richardson implored him to bat and told him to simply stand his ground and hit boundaries so that he would not have to run . McCabe joined Fingleton at 1 / 17 before taking the score to 1 / 85 by the end of the third day . The following morning in poor visibility on a wicket with irregular bounce and lateral deviation , McCabe resumed on 38 and scored a century in the morning session to reach lunch at 138 , after Fingleton was dismissed at 2 / 194 . The pair had put on 177 runs for the second wicket , and McCabe had done more than four fifths of the scoring . McCabe had reached his century in only 90 minutes , and continued on despite a storm that brought low dust clouds and hindered visibility , and increasingly irregular bounce and cut off the pitch . Midway through the afternoon , dark clouds gathered , along with thunderstorms and lightning , but this had no effect on the batsman . McCabe pushed the score to 2 / 274 , and with only 125 runs needed with half the day remaining , Australia were on course to meet the target , having already scored 189 in the first half . However , Herbie Wade , the South African captain made an unprecedented appeal against the light due fear " for the fieldsmen 's safety " in the face of McCabe 's aggressive batting . He finished unbeaten on 189 , an innings described by Fingleton as " bordering on miraculous " . McCabe struck 24 fours , and was productive square of the wicket , hitting numerous cut shots past point . Fingleton further added that “ McCabe never put a foot or his bat in a false position ” , and that he “ pulverized the South African attack into the dust ” . McCabe was unable to maintain such a standard of performance in the remaining three Tests ; he scored a duck , 40 and one , as Australia won each by an innings . He ended the series with three wickets at 45 @.@ 33 . However , he scored consecutive centuries in the tour matches , adding 115 and 112 against Border and Orange Free State .
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In the anime , the most notable Charizard is one Ash Ketchum has had since he was a Charmander abandoned by his former owner Damian . Ash 's Charmander evolved into Charmeleon during a battle against an army of <unk> , and his personality changed completely , becoming a disobedient Pokémon and fighting when and how he pleased . Charmeleon evolved when Ash summoned him for protection from wild prehistoric Pokémon ; when an <unk> attacked him and carried Ash off , Charmeleon evolved to fight the <unk> and rescue Ash . Charizard still didn 't obey Ash , preferring to sleep , and only battled Pokémon that would pose a challenge , but Charizard helped Ash reach his goals , particularly against Gym Leader Blaine . Sadly , Charizard 's disobedience to Ash then led to costing him the Kanto League . Charizard became loyal during the Orange Islands arc after Ash battled a trainer with a <unk> and Charizard was frozen solid . Because of Ash 's continuous self @-@ sacrificing efforts to save Charizard from certain death , he began to obey Ash and defeated the <unk> in a rematch . He remained on Ash 's team and contributed to his wins in the Orange League and parts of Johto . He eventually stayed behind in the <unk> Valley , a reserve where wild Charizard battle and train to become stronger . This was likely due to meeting Charla , a female Charizard for whom he developed a fondness . Charizard , like many of Ash 's other Pokémon , returns on a temporary basis to battle at Ash 's side , typically when Ash faces a particularly powerful Pokémon . Charizard has saved Ash 's life on more than one occasion , as seen in the film Spell of the <unk> , where he battled against Entei after arriving in the nick of time to prevent Ash and Pikachu from falling to their deaths , having flown over from the <unk> Valley after originally seeing a live broadcast from Ash running after Entei who had kidnapped Ash 's mother , Delia Ketchum . Charizard returned during the Johto Pokémon League and defeated Gary 's Blastoise , who had a type advantage over Charizard . Charizard also returned for Ash 's first Battle Frontier battle , where he took on Articuno at the Battle Factory and won thanks to an unorthodox strategy . During the Best Wishes series Charizard officially rejoined Ash 's team while Ash was exploring the Unova ( Isshu ) region . Upon meeting Ash again , he gave his trainer a Flamethrower to the face much to everyone 's surprise . Charizard also developed a fierce rivalry with Iris 's Dragonite so much so that both Ash and Iris agreed to have a battle . During the battle which originally began on the ground but later ascended skywards when both Pokémon took to the skies , it was shown that Charizard had learnt Wing Attack , Slash , and Dragon Tail but despite the two Pokémon having something of a very fierce rivalry with one another , N immediately called the battle off after realizing that Dragonite had injured its right arm . Charizard stayed with all of Ash 's Pokémon sans Pikachu at Professor Oak 's laboratory when Ash leaves Kanto once more for the faraway <unk> region . Charizard is one of Ash 's strongest Pokémon .
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Pedro de Alvarado and his army advanced along the Pacific coast unopposed until they reached the Samalá River in western Guatemala . This region formed a part of the K 'iche ' kingdom , and a K 'iche ' army tried unsuccessfully to prevent the Spanish from crossing the river . Once across , the conquistadors ransacked nearby settlements in an effort to terrorise the K 'iche ' . On 8 February 1524 Alvarado 's army fought a battle at <unk> , called Zapotitlán by his Mexican allies ( modern San Francisco Zapotitlán ) . Although suffering many injuries inflicted by defending K 'iche ' archers , the Spanish and their allies stormed the town and set up camp in the marketplace . Alvarado then turned to head upriver into the Sierra Madre mountains towards the K 'iche ' heartlands , crossing the pass into the fertile valley of Quetzaltenango . On 12 February 1524 Alvarado 's Mexican allies were ambushed in the pass and driven back by K 'iche ' warriors but the Spanish cavalry charge that followed was a shock for the K 'iche ' , who had never before seen horses . The cavalry scattered the K 'iche ' and the army crossed to the city of <unk> ( modern Quetzaltenango ) only to find it deserted . Although the common view is that the K 'iche ' prince Tecun Uman died in the later battle near Olintepeque , the Spanish accounts are clear that at least one and possibly two of the lords of Q 'umarkaj died in the fierce battles upon the initial approach to Quetzaltenango . The death of Tecun Uman is said to have taken place in the battle of El Pinar , and local tradition has his death taking place on the Llanos de Urbina ( Plains of Urbina ) , upon the approach to Quetzaltenango near the modern village of <unk> . Pedro de Alvarado , in his third letter to Hernán Cortés , describes the death of one of the four lords of Q 'umarkaj upon the approach to Quetzaltenango . The letter was dated 11 April 1524 and was written during his stay at Q 'umarkaj . Almost a week later , on 18 February 1524 , a K 'iche ' army confronted the Spanish army in the Quetzaltenango valley and were comprehensively defeated ; many K 'iche ' nobles were among the dead . Such were the numbers of K 'iche ' dead that Olintepeque was given the name <unk> , roughly meaning " bathed in blood " . In the early 17th century , the grandson of the K 'iche ' king informed the alcalde mayor ( the highest colonial official at the time ) that the K 'iche ' army that had marched out of Q 'umarkaj to confront the invaders numbered 30 @,@ 000 warriors , a claim that is considered credible by modern scholars . This battle exhausted the K 'iche ' militarily and they asked for peace and offered tribute , inviting Pedro de Alvarado into their capital Q 'umarkaj , which was known as Tecpan Utatlan to the Nahuatl @-@ speaking allies of the Spanish . Alvarado was deeply suspicious of the K 'iche ' intentions but accepted the offer and marched to Q 'umarkaj with his army .
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Sasha Frere @-@ Jones , critic of The New Yorker praised the self made " unpretentious , stuck together with Scotch tape " style that M.I.A. achieves with her Roland MC @-@ 505 drum machine and keyboard unit , noting that many people had tried to copy the style since . Her considerable influence on American hip hop music as an international artist is described by Adam Bradley and Andrew DuBois in The Anthology of Rap as making her an " unlikely hip hop " celebrity , given that the genre was one of several influences behind M.I.A. ' s " eccentric and energizing " music and that the musician 's unclassifiable sound was one example of how hip hop was changing as it came into contact with other cultures . Similarly , Jeffrey H. <unk> writes in The Black experience in America : from civil rights to the present that no single artist may have personified hip hop in the 21st century better than M.I.A. , in her " politically radical lyrics drawing from widely diverse sources around the world " . The Guardian critic Hattie Collins commented of M.I.A. ' s influence , " A new raver before it was old . A baile funk / pop pioneer before CSS and Bonde do <unk> emerged . A quirky female singer / rapper before the Mini Allens had worked out how to log on to MySpace . Missing In Action ( or Acton , as she sometimes calls herself ) has always been several miles ahead of the pack . " The twisting of western modalities in her music style using multilingual , multiethnic soundscapes to make electroclash @-@ pop albums is noted by Derek <unk> in Global beat fusion : the history of the future of music ( 2005 ) to defy world music categorization . In the book <unk> Music ( 2007 ) , Linda <unk> notes the various aspects of peer @-@ to @-@ peer file sharing of music in the rise in popularity of M.I.A. , including the advantages and disadvantages of the internet and platforms such as MySpace in the launch of her career . Andy Bennett and Jon Stratton highlight in Britpop and the English Music Tradition ( 2010 ) how M.I.A. alongside musicians such as Sway and Dizzee Rascal created music that explored new soundscapes with new technologies , with lyrics expressing anger at Britain 's " racialized subordination of minority groups " and that the innovation that generates new musical forms like grime and dubstep are , inevitably , politically engaged . The chart success of grime @-@ influenced artists like M.I.A. is heralded as a signal in the way that white Britons adapted to a new multicultural and plural musical mix in contrast to bands of the Britpop genre . Furthermore , her work being used as a global resource for the articulation of differently located themes and its connections to many music traditions is noted by Brian Longhurst in Popular music and society ( 2007 ) to illustrate such processes of interracial dialogue . Gary <unk> writing in GQ notes that " M.I.A. is perhaps the preeminent global musical artist of the 2000s , a truly kick @-@ ass singer and New York @-@ <unk> fashion icon , not to mention a vocal supporter of Sri Lanka 's embattled Tamil minority , of which she 's a member . "
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After defeating another slime @-@ covered Piranha Plant and a sunken statue rises from the ground , they see Shadow Mario on top of the statue for the first time . He jumps off the statue , grabs Peach , and runs off with her . Mario chases him and takes him down by spraying him with water from FLUDD . Shadow Mario immediately creates a graffiti portal on the restored statue and escapes through it . Mario follows him through the portal that leads to Bianco Hills , one of the other areas of Isle Delfino where he defeats another slime @-@ covered Piranha Plant and a hill , some trees and a section of wall rise up from the ground . After defeating two more slime @-@ covered Piranha Plants and restoring the disappeared boathouse and lighthouse that unlock portals from Delfino Plaza to two of Isle Delfino 's other locations , Mario follows Shadow Mario , who has kidnapped Princess Peach once again , towards Pinna Island , home of Isle Delfino 's theme park . There , Mario defeats a huge Bowser robot being controlled by Shadow Mario ( titled Mecha Bowser ) by firing water rockets at it on the roller coaster , while also shooting down the Bullet Bills that Mecha <unk> <unk> is then revealed that Shadow Mario 's real identity is Bowser Jr . , the youngest son of Bowser who wields a magic brush that creates graffiti which , like FLUDD , was also created by E. Gadd . Bowser Jr. turns the remains of Mecha Bowser into a hot air balloon and escapes again with Princess Peach , having been told by Bowser that Peach is his mother . When learning the truth , Peach is visually upset for a second . He is last seen heading for Corona Mountain , a volcano where Bowser is holding a family vacation of his own . After Mario beats Bowser Jr. in all nine areas ( not including the Delfino airstrip ) , a flood falls upon Delfino Plaza , opening up a cave that leads into Corona Mountain that Shadow Mario disappears into . While most levels are restricted by this flood , the flood disappears after the player has entered Corona Mountain . Mario enters the volcano , and after getting through the volcano 's inner cave , defeats Bowser and Bowser Jr. by flipping over the hot tub they are in using the Rocket <unk> and super ground pound , rescuing the princess . Mario and the princess fall from the sky while Bowser and Bowser Jr. are falling onto platforms in the ocean . While the others are plummeting down , Princess Peach puts her skirt back on . Princess Peach lands on an island beside Delfino Plaza on her feet , but on the same island , Mario gets his head stuck in the sand , but gets out . However , FLUDD becomes damaged during the landing , supposedly beyond repair . The Shine Gate 's power is restored and the Toads repair FLUDD shortly afterward and Mario , Princess Peach and the others resume their vacation , while Bowser admits to his son that Princess Peach was not really his mother . After the credits , if the player has collected less than all 120 shine sprites , a picture shows Il <unk> , a sprinter that Mario raced during the game , finding the brush that Bowser Jr. used to vandalize Isle Delfino . However , if the player has collected all 120 shine sprites , a picture of the entire cast with the words " Have a relaxing vacation " is displayed instead .
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Endoparasites known to infect wolves include protozoans and helminths ( flukes , tapeworms , roundworms and thorny @-@ headed worms ) . Of 30 @,@ 000 protozoan species , only a few have been recorded to infect wolves : Isospora , Toxoplasma , <unk> , <unk> , and Giardia . Wolves may carry <unk> caninum , which is of particular concern to farmers , as the disease can be spread to livestock , with infected animals being 3 – 13 times more likely to miscarry than those not infected . Among flukes , the most common in North American wolves is Alaria , which infects small rodents and amphibians that are eaten by wolves . Upon reaching maturity , Alaria migrates to the wolf 's intestine , but harms it little . Metorchis conjunctus , which enters wolves through eating fish , infects the wolf 's liver or gall bladder , causing liver disease , inflammation of the pancreas , and emaciation . Most other fluke species reside in the wolf 's intestine , though <unk> <unk> lives in the lungs . Tapeworms are commonly found in wolves , as their primary hosts are ungulates , small mammals , and fish , which wolves feed upon . Tapeworms generally cause little harm in wolves , though this depends on the number and size of the parasites , and the sensitivity of the host . Symptoms often include constipation , toxic and allergic reactions , irritation of the intestinal mucosa , and malnutrition . Infections by the tapeworm <unk> <unk> in ungulate populations tend to increase in areas with high wolf densities , as wolves can shed <unk> eggs in their feces onto grazing areas . Wolves can carry over 30 roundworm species , though most roundworm infections appear benign , depending on the number of worms and the age of the host . <unk> caninum attaches itself on the intestinal wall to feed on the host 's blood , and can cause <unk> anemia , emaciation , diarrhea , and possibly death . Toxocara canis , a hookworm known to infect wolf pups in utero , can cause intestinal irritation , bloating , vomiting , and diarrhea . Wolves may catch <unk> <unk> from minks , which infects the kidneys , and can grow to lengths of 100 cm . D. <unk> causes the complete destruction of the kidney 's functional tissue , and can be fatal if both kidneys are infected . Wolves can tolerate low levels of <unk> immitis for many years without showing any ill effects , though high levels can kill wolves through cardiac enlargement and congestive <unk> . Wolves probably become infected with Trichinella spiralis by eating infected ungulates . Although T. spiralis isn 't known to produce clinical signs in wolves , it can cause emaciation , salivation , and crippling muscle pains in dogs . Thorny @-@ headed worms rarely infect wolves , though three species have been identified in Russian wolves : <unk> <unk> , <unk> <unk> , and <unk> <unk> .
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B. b. bubo ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) - Also known as the European eagle @-@ owl , the nominate subspecies inhabits continental Europe from near the Arctic Circle in Norway , Sweden , Finland , the southern Kola Peninsula , and Arkhangelsk where it ranges north to about latitude 640 30 ' N. , southward to the Baltic Sea , central Germany , to southeastern Belgium , eastern , central , and southern France to Italy and Sicily , and through Central and Southeastern Europe to Greece . It intergrades with B. b. ruthenus in northern Russia around the basin of the upper Mezen River and in the eastern vicinity of Gorki <unk> , Tambov and Voronezh , and intergrades with B. b. interpositus in northern Ukraine . This is a medium @-@ sized race , measuring in wing chord length 435 – 480 mm ( 17 @.@ 1 – 18 @.@ 9 in ) in males and 455 – 500 mm ( 17 @.@ 9 – 19 @.@ 7 in ) . In captive owls of this subspecies , the mean wingspan were 157 cm ( 5 ft 2 in ) for males and 167 @.@ 5 cm ( 5 ft 6 in ) for females . The total bill length is 45 to 56 mm ( 1 @.@ 8 to 2 @.@ 2 in ) . Adult male European Eagle @-@ Owls from Norway weigh 1 @.@ 63 to 2 @.@ 81 kg ( 3 @.@ 6 to 6 @.@ 2 lb ) , averaging 2 @.@ 38 kg ( 5 @.@ 2 lb ) , while females there weigh from 2 @.@ 28 to 4 @.@ 2 kg ( 5 @.@ 0 to 9 @.@ 3 lb ) , averaging 2 @.@ 95 kg ( 6 @.@ 5 lb ) . Unsurprisingly , adult owls from western Finland were about the same size , averaging 2 @.@ 65 kg ( 5 @.@ 8 lb ) . The race seems to follow Bergmann ’ s rule in regards to body size decreasing closer to the Equator , as specimens from central Europe average 2 @.@ 14 or 2 @.@ 3 kg ( 4 @.@ 7 or 5 @.@ 1 lb ) in body mass and those from Italy average about 2 @.@ 01 kg ( 4 @.@ 4 lb ) . The weight range for eagle @-@ owls in Italy is 1 @.@ 5 to 3 kg ( 3 @.@ 3 to 6 @.@ 6 lb ) . The nominate subspecies is perhaps the darkest and most richly coloured of eagle @-@ owl races . Many nominate birds are heavily overlaid with broad black streaking over the upper @-@ parts , head and chest . While generally a brownish base @-@ colour , many nominate owls can appear rich rufous , especially about the head , upper @-@ back and wing primaries . The lower belly is usually a buffy brown color , as opposed to whitish or yellowish in several other races . Birds seen from southern Italy and Sicily may show a tendency to be smaller than more northern birds and reportedly are duller , possessing paler ground coloration , and more narrow streaks , but museum specimens are often not hugely distinct from north Italian eagle @-@ owls . To the contrary , in Scandinavia , some birds are so are darkly plumages as to give a blackish @-@ brown impression with almost no paler colour showing .
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Halla opened the 2009 – 10 season with a loss on home ice , but at the midpoint of the season they were tied for first place with the Oji Eagles . The league maintained the number of games at 36 . The first half of the season saw Halla plagued with injuries . Particularly hard hit were the team 's foreign imports . After the third game of the season Jon Awe was diagnosed with a sports hernia that required surgery and was scheduled to miss 8 – 12 weeks . On 29 November , Brad Fast received a knee injury that would sideline him for 4 – 6 months , ending his season . Brock Radunske was also on the injury list with a concussion , while Patrik Martinec was day to day with a lower @-@ body injury . Halla replaced Awe quickly with Dustin Wood , who has played in both the American Hockey League and Deutsche Eishockey Liga . Fast was replaced by Lee Don @-@ ku from <unk> University . Halla also had several other regular players injured including Kim Won @-@ jun , Kim Kyu @-@ hun , and Lee Seung @-@ yup . After 18 games Halla led the league with 94 goals . On 31 January 2010 Halla defeated the Oji Eagles in overtime by a score of 4 – 3 , clinching first place for the second year in a row . The win also set up a semi @-@ final match @-@ up against Korean rivals High1 , guaranteeing that a Korean team would appear in the final for the first time in league history . Halla won all of their series against opposing teams , except against their rival High1 . Of 18 possible points available in their six @-@ game series , Halla took only eight . They were the only team to win a series against the Nippon Paper Cranes . The team led the league in goals scored with 180 . Individually , Kim Ki @-@ sung led the team in goals scored with 22 , while Patrik Martinec again led with 40 assists and 51 points . Halla finished with five players in the top ten point list . The team also led in both powerplay goals for , with 57 , powerplay percentage , with 34 @.@ 97 % , and shorthanded goals for , with 10 . In the annual end of season awards , Patrik Martinec took the award for Most Valuable Player and Best <unk> . Cho Min @-@ ho took the award for Young Guy of the Year . Anyang city won the award for Best Hockey Town for the second time for their spirit and sell @-@ out crowds . Anyang Halla defeated High1 by a score of 5 – 2 to win the semi @-@ finals three games to one , winning their first play @-@ off series and becoming the first Korean team to play for the Championship Cup . Halla faced the Cranes , who had knocked them out of the playoffs twice , in the final . The series went to the full five games and four of the games went to overtime . Brock Radunske scored two overtime winners and assisted Kim Woo @-@ Jae in scoring the overtime winner in game five , making Halla the first non @-@ Japanese team to win the Asia League Championship . Radunske was named MVP while head coach Shim was named " Coach of the Year " . After retiring as a player , Martinec signed a 1 @-@ year deal to work as an assistant coach on the team .
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From 1995 through early 1996 , Bell authored an essay entitled " Assassination Politics " in which he described the idea of using digital signatures through email to create an assassination market , " predicting " the deaths of government employees . Bell also speculated that some people could use these net @-@ based markets quite openly without encryption ( Part 10 of the essay ) . So there were two ways theorized to operate the scheme , one complex and secure and the other more open and potentially insecure . In effect , the arrangement would create an incentive for people to assassinate corrupt government officials , offering a reward that could be claimed by someone willing to submit an entry predicting a given person 's death at a particular time . If that person died at about that time , the correct <unk> would win the pool money . Bell published his idea in a 10 @-@ part essay titled " Assassination Politics " on the <unk> USENET newsgroup . Described by Wired as " an unholy mix of encryption , anonymity , and digital cash to bring about the ultimate annihilation of all forms of government " , the essay was nominated for a Chrysler Award for Innovation in Design in 1998 as " an imaginative and sophisticated prospective for improving governmental accountability " . Although the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that advocating violence against government officials is , in the absence of an " incitement to imminent lawless action " , protected by the First Amendment , the publication of " Assassination Politics " put Bell under the scrutiny of federal investigators in 1995 . The <unk> list archives includes many references to , what became known as ' AP ' and ' <unk> ' from 1996 onwards . The name 's ' assassination politics ' and ' Jim Bell ' also cropped up in the US governments pursuit and prosecution of Carl Johnson ( The CJ Files ) . In 2001 , an Australian anarchist claimed to be acting on the ' Part 10 ' part of Assassination politics . This was covered by Declan McCullagh in Wired 's story titled " Online <unk> Cop Threats <unk> " . Later , in 2003 , The Denver Post published a similar story titled " Online threats target Denver investigators - Anarchist says e @-@ mails harmless ; feds disagree " . This story was written by Jim Hughes . The essay attracted interest from theorists long before and after its author 's legal entanglements ; libertarian economist Bob Murphy criticised the assassination politics scheme in a pair of articles titled " The Politics of Destruction " in 2002 . Murphy claimed that assassination politics was both technically infeasible and ideologically undesirable – from an anarcho @-@ capitalist perspective ( crypto @-@ anarchism being a form of anarcho @-@ capitalism ) . Others , such as R. Sukumaran , argue that assassination markets as suggested by Bell are perhaps technically feasible , but because they are so revolutionary , they " threaten elites " and will be made illegal . However , Sukumaran argues that AP was revived within DARPA by Poindexter with <unk> , an attempt to " extrapolate the Iowa Presidential markets system to the prediction of terroristic events " under the " interest of national security . " Mike <unk> has argued that were Assassination Politics ever to be accepted then governments would merely operate secretly ( critiques of libertarianism ) . Almost all commentary so far has focused on the first nine parts of the essay and there is little on part 10 .
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Australian riders won each of the lesser jersey awards . Evans won the points classification , represented in 2010 with a red jersey in a return to the original colour scheme for the three minor classifications that reflected the colours of the Italian flag . Evans 's victory came about by way of nine top @-@ ten finishes , including a stage win , over the course of the race . This classification was tightly contested throughout the race ; six different riders held the jersey , and it changed hands nine times . Matthew Lloyd of Omega Pharma – Lotto won the green jersey for the mountains classification , taking maximum mountains points during his stage @-@ winning breakaway in stage 6 . He made morning breakaways later on in mountain stages to take points on other climbs and consolidate his lead . Porte won the white jersey as best young rider , holding it for all but three stages . Success was widespread among the 22 teams in the race . In sharp contrast to the 2009 Giro , the only rider to win multiple stages in this year 's race was Farrar , who took the sprint finishes to stages 2 and 10 . Team Sky , Omega Pharma – Lotto , BMC Racing Team , Colnago – CSF Inox , Acqua & Sapone , Cofidis , Androni Giocattoli , and Bbox Bouygues Telecom each won one stage . Quick @-@ Step had two stage wins , first with Wouter Weylandt in a depleted sprint finish to stage 3 in the Netherlands , and two stages later Jérôme Pineau led a winning breakaway across the finish line . Team Saxo Bank 's Chris Anker Sørensen won stage 8 on Monte Terminillo after figuring into a morning breakaway , and their time trial specialist Gustav Larsson won the final race against the clock in Verona . Team HTC – Columbia won multiple sprint stages , first with leadout man Matthew Goss when ace sprinter André Greipel missed out on the opportunity , and later Greipel himself took a win . Team Katusha took back @-@ to @-@ back stage wins , first with Petrov in L 'Aquila and then with Filippo Pozzato , who won a 10 @-@ man sprint after a late breakaway in stage 12 . After there had been no Italian stage winners for the first 11 days of racing , Pozzato 's stage win was the first of five in a row and six overall for Italian riders . Nibali and Basso were among those stage winners ; as they also won the stage 4 team time trial , theirs was the only squad with more than two stage wins . They also won both teams classifications , the time @-@ based Trofeo Fast Team and the points @-@ based Trofeo Super Team . Astana , Caisse d 'Epargne , and Rabobank did not win any stages , but Vinokourov 's and Arroyo 's stints in the pink jersey and Tom Stamsnijder 's win in the Traguardo Volante classification meant that they did not come away from the Giro empty @-@ handed . Only Ag2r – La Mondiale , Cervélo TestTeam , <unk> – Servetto – Fuji , Lampre – Farnese Vini , and Team Milram came away from the Giro with nothing , even though Milram had one of their riders ( Paul Voss ) wearing the Mountains jersey at some point .
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Wulfstan 's best @-@ known homily is Sermo Lupi ad Anglos , or Sermon of the Wolf to the English . In it he proclaims the depredations of the " Danes " ( who were , at that point , primarily Norwegian invaders ) a scourge from God to lash the English for their sins . He calls upon them to repent of their sinful ways and " return to the faith of baptism , where there is protection from the fires of hell . " He also wrote many homilies relating to the Last Days and the coming of the Antichrist . Age of the Antichrist was a popular theme in Wulfstan 's homilies , which also include the issues of death and Judgment Day . Six homilies that illustrate this theme include : Secundum <unk> , Secundum <unk> , De <unk> , De <unk> Antichrist , Secundum Marcum and " De <unk> <unk> " . De <unk> was the " first full development of the Antichrist theme " , and Wulfstan addressed it to the clergy . Believing that he lived at the time right before the Antichrist was to come , he felt compelled to diligently warn and teach the clergy to withstand the dishonest teaching of the enemies of God . These six homilies also include : emphasis that the hour of the Antichrist is very near , warnings that the English should be aware of false Christs who will attempt to seduce men , warnings that God will pass judgement on man 's faithfulness , discussion of man 's sins , evils of the world , and encouragement to love God and do his will . He wrote the Canons of Edgar and The Law of Edward and Guthrum which date before 1008 . The Canons was written to instruct the secular clergy serving a parish in the responsibilities of their position . The Law of Edward and Guthrum , on the other hand , is an ecclesiastical law handbook . Modern editors have paid most attention to his homilies : they have been edited by Arthur Napier , by Dorothy Whitelock , and by Dorothy Bethurum . Since that publication , other works that were likely authored by Wulfstan have been identified ; a forthcoming edition by Andy Orchard will update the canon of Wulfstan 's homilies . Wulfstan was also a book collector ; he is responsible for amassing a large collection of texts pertaining to canon law , the liturgy , and episcopal functions . This collection is known as <unk> 's Commonplace Book . A significant part of the Commonplace book consists of a work once known as the <unk> pseudo @-@ <unk> , though it has most recently been edited as Wulfstan 's Canon Law Collection ( a.k.a. Collectio canonum Wigorniensis ) . This work is a collection of conciliar decrees and church canons , most of which he culled from numerous ninth and tenth @-@ century Carolingian works . This work demonstrates the wide range of Wulfstan 's reading and studies . He sometimes borrowed from this collection when he wrote his later works , especially the law codes of Æthelred . There are also a number of works which are associated with the archbishop , but whose authorship is unknown , such as the Late Old English Handbook for the Use of a Confessor .
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In Things Fall Apart , Okonkwo 's furious manhood overpowers everything " feminine " in his life , including his own conscience . For example , when he feels bad after being forced to kill his adopted son , he asks himself : " When did you become a shivering old woman ? " It is also argued that one ’ s chi , or personal god , is the ‘ mother within ’ . This understanding further demonstrates how Okonkwo ’ s <unk> corrupts his conscience , as his contempt for his own mother and other women prevents him from being in harmony with his chi . He views all things feminine as distasteful , in part because they remind him of his father 's laziness and cowardice . His father was considered an <unk> — a word that refers to a man without title , but is also synonymous with ‘ woman ’ . Thus , Okonkwo not only regrets his father ’ s lack of success , but attributes it to a lack of masculinity . Okonkwo ’ s feminization of all things lacking success or power is a common theme throughout the novel . His obsession with maleness is fuelled by an intense fear of <unk> , which he expresses through physical and verbal abuse of his wives , his violence towards his community , his constant worry that his son Nwoye is not manly enough , and his wish that his daughter <unk> had been born a boy . The women in the novel , meanwhile , are obedient , quiet , and absent from positions of authority – despite the fact that Igbo women were traditionally involved in village leadership . Nevertheless , the need for feminine balance is highlighted by Ani , the earth goddess , and the extended discussion of " <unk> " ( " Mother is supreme " ) in chapter fourteen . <unk> ’ s perseverance and love for <unk> , despite her many miscarriages , is seen as a tribute to Igbo womanhood , which is typically defined by motherhood . Okonkwo 's defeat is seen by some as a vindication of the need for a balancing feminine ethos . Some have also argued that all of Okonkwo ’ s failures are tied to his contempt and fear of women and his inability to form quality personal relationships with the women in his life — his wives , his children , and his own mother . Achebe has expressed frustration at frequently being misunderstood on this point , saying that " I want to sort of scream that Things Fall Apart is on the side of women ... And that Okonkwo is paying the penalty for his treatment of women ; that all his problems , all the things he did wrong , can be seen as offenses against the feminine . " Indeed , it is argued that Okonkwo ’ s violent and vehement anti @-@ women position is the exception , not the norm , within his community of Umuofia and the wider Igbo society . Still , post @-@ colonial African writing is intensely male @-@ centred , a phenomenon that is not alleviated by the frequent trope of the African woman as the " embodiment of the male writer ’ s vision for the new Africa " . It is argued that even when women and their lives are more centrally depicted in literature , the male writer continues to be the visionary while the woman is the " sign " of changes to come .
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On January 29 , 2010 , Negro Casas teamed up with La Máscara to participate in CMLL 's " Torneo Nacional de Pareja <unk> " ( " National Amazing Pairs tournament " ) , a tournament where CMLL teams up a Tecnico ( La Máscara ) and a Rudo ( Casas ) for a tournament . The two defeated El Texano Jr. and Rouge in the opening round , El Sagrado and Shocker in the second round , and Héctor Garza and Toscano in the semi @-@ final to earn a spot in the final of the tournament . On February 5 , 2010 , Casas and La Máscara lost to Máscara Dorada and Atlantis in the finals . On February 14 , 2010 , Casas defeated El Hijo del Fantasma to win the CMLL World Middleweight Championship for the second time . During most of April and into May Negro Casas <unk> with NJPW in Japan . On May 3 , 2010 Casas lost the CMLL World Middleweight title to Jushin Thunder Liger during NJPW 's Wrestling Dontaku 2010 show . On October 15 , 2010 , Charly Manson defeated Negro Casas in a Lucha de Apuesta to take his hair . On February 14 , 2012 , Casas defeated La Sombra to win the NWA World Historic Welterweight Championship for the first time . On March 2 at Homenaje a Dos Leyendas , Casas and Blue Panther wrestled to a draw in a Lucha de Apuesta and were , as a result , both shaved bald . On October 21 , Casas returned to NJPW , when he and Bushi entered the 2012 Super Jr . Tag Tournament as " Grupo Cibernetico " . The team was eliminated from the tournament in the first round by Suzuki @-@ gun ( Taichi and Taka Michinoku ) . On December 25 , 2012 , Negro Casas successfully defended the NWA Historic Welterweight Championship against Guerrero Maya Jr. on a special Christmas show in Arena Mexico after Maya Jr. had defeated Casas in a series of matches leading up to the show . In early 2013 Negro Casas and Guerrero Maya Jr. were teamed up for the 2013 CMLL Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles , a tournament where the concept was that rivals or at least wrestlers from opposite sides of the tecnico / rudo divide . The team lost in the first round to eventual tournament winners La Sombra and Volador Jr . On June 2 , Casas lost the NWA World Historic Welterweight Championship to Máscara Dorada , ending his reign at 475 days , the longest in the title 's history . On January 3 , 2014 , Casas defeated Titán in the finals to win the 2014 Leyenda de Plata . On February 18 , Casas , El Felino and Mr. Niebla defeated La Máscara , Rush and Titán to win the Mexican National Trios Championship . On June 13 , Casas and Shocker defeated La Máscara and Rush to win the CMLL World Tag Team Championship . On August 1 at El Juicio Final , Casas lost his hair to Rush in a Lucha de Apuestas . On April 26 , 2015 , La Peste Negra lost the Mexican National Trios Championship to Los Reyes de la Atlantida ( Atlantis , Delta and Guerrero Maya Jr . ) . On May 22 , Casas defeated Dragon Lee to win the 2015 Leyenda de Plata , his second in a row and third overall .
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For many years , the Rodríguez de Montalvo novel languished in obscurity , with no connection known between it and the name of California . In 1864 , a portion of the original was translated by Edward Everett Hale for The Antiquarian Society , and the story was printed in the Atlantic Monthly magazine . Hale supposed that in inventing the names , Rodríguez de Montalvo held in his mind the Spanish word <unk> , the term for a leader of the Moslem people . Hale 's joint derivation of Calafia and California was accepted by many , then questioned by a few scholars who sought further proof , and offered their own interpretations . George Davidson wrote in 1910 that Hale 's theory was the best yet presented , but offered his own addition . In 1917 , Ruth Putnam printed an exhaustive account of the work performed up to that time . She wrote that both Calafia and California most likely came from the Arabic word khalifa which means ruler or leader . The same word in Spanish was <unk> , easily made into California to stand for " land of the caliph " , or Calafia to stand for " female caliph " . Putnam discussed Davidson 's 1910 theory based on the Greek word <unk> ( meaning beautiful ) but discounted it as exceedingly unlikely , a conclusion that Dora Beale Polk agreed with in 1995 , calling the theory " far @-@ fetched " . Putnam also wrote that The Song of Roland held a passing mention of a place called Califerne , perhaps named thus because it was the caliph 's domain , a place of infidel rebellion . Chapman elaborated on this connection in 1921 : " There can be no question but that a learned man like Ordóñez de Montalvo was familiar with the Chanson de Roland ... This derivation of the word ' California ' can perhaps never be proved , but it is too plausible — and it may be added too interesting — to be overlooked . " Polk characterized this theory as " imaginative speculation " , adding that another scholar offered the " interestingly plausible " suggestion that Roland 's Califerne is a corruption of the Persian Kar @-@ i @-@ <unk> , a mythological " mountain of Paradise " where griffins lived . In 1923 , Prosper <unk> , Dean of Literature at the University of Poitiers , wrote that a fortified capital city in 11th century Algeria was built and defended by the Beni @-@ Iferne tribe of Berber people . This city was called Kalaa @-@ Iferne or Kal @-@ Iferne by the Arabs , and was certainly known at the time in Spain ; today it is the ruins known as Beni Hammad Fort . <unk> said the Arab name of this fortress city likely inspired Roland and later Rodríguez de Montalvo , such that Kal @-@ Iferne became first Califerne and then California . John William Templeton describes how Hernan Cortes ' expedition in search of Calafia had Africans as a third of his crew , including his second @-@ in @-@ command , Juan Garrido . Templeton says that Calafia is exemplary of a genre of literature from the 14th to the 16th centuries that featured black women as powerful , wealthy and beautiful . Historian Jack Forbes wrote that the Spanish were quite experienced in being ruled by Africans given the Moorish occupation from 710 to 1490 .
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Once in front of Schumacher , Hill was able to gradually extend his lead to 3 @.@ 4 seconds by lap 30 despite carrying a heavier fuel load for one fewer planned pit stop . However , he lost second gear during the course of that lap , and then spun off at turn two on lap 31 , retiring from the race with a suspected gearbox seizure . On the same lap , Herbert also retired from the race after suffering damage in a collision with Suzuki , who himself had to make an unscheduled pit stop to replace his car 's damaged nosecone . Schumacher thus assumed the lead as a result of Hill 's retirement , leading by 11 @.@ 5 seconds from Coulthard . Salo was third in the remaining Tyrrell , 39 @.@ 4 seconds behind Coulthard . Häkkinen and the two Ferrari cars completed the top six positions . Schumacher made his second pit stop on lap 37 , exiting in second position behind Coulthard . Salo and Häkkinen , both performing much better than had been expected prior to the race , battled over third position until lap 39 , when Salo , suffering from cramp and driving with one hand , spun at the final bend . He pitted soon after for fresh tyres , dropping down to eighth position . Häkkinen , having moved up to third , made his second stop on lap 43 , exiting behind the two Ferrari cars , Berger moving in front of Alesi as the latter made his stop on the following lap , rejoining in seventh . Coulthard pitted from the lead on lap 47 , the gap between him and Schumacher not big enough to allow him to maintain the lead . Schumacher set the fastest lap of the race , 1 : 30 @.@ 921 , extending his lead to such an extent that when he made his own final stop on lap 52 , he maintained the lead . After his final stop , Schumacher gradually opened his leading margin 11 seconds , winning the race after 71 laps in a time of 1 : 48 : <unk> , with Coulthard finishing second in his Williams . The Ferraris of Berger – who made his final stop on lap 49 without losing a place – and Alesi were third and fifth respectively , but off the pace as Schumacher lapped them both in the closing stages . Häkkinen , despite losing part of his rear wing after his car was struck by a bird , split them both to take fourth position . In the closing stages , Morbidelli and Blundell both overtook Salo , only for the Footwork driver to retire on lap 62 with a blocked fuel line . Blundell , who had earlier changed his steering wheel and was driving without the use of third gear , thus took the final point in sixth place , ahead of Salo , Suzuki , Montermini – who completed the race distance despite struggling with a broken floor on his chassis , taking the Pacific team 's first race finish – and Diniz . The race saw a high attrition rate ; only ten out of the 25 starters finished the race . Of the other late retirements , Wendlinger suffered a broken battery cable on lap 41 , Roberto Moreno and Badoer retired on lap 47 due to a spin and gearbox problem respectively , and Inoue 's car caught fire on lap 48 . The Japanese driver was in any case due to receive the black flag for receiving an illegal push @-@ start from the marshals following a spin on the circuit .
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In 1844 , Prescott was painted by Joseph Alexander Ames , and also commissioned a bust from Richard Saltonstall Greenough . He was not active in researching for the Conquest of Peru until spring 1844 , although he had already decided to write a work concerning Inca civilization while researching pre @-@ Columbian Mexico , and listened to Inca Garcilaso de la Vega 's <unk> Reales de los Incas . He further studied Pedro <unk> de León 's <unk> del Perú , the works of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa and Diego Fernández 's Primera y <unk> parte de la Historia del Piru . Prescott 's progress was stalled by the unexpected death of his brother Edward at sea . His daughter Elizabeth was seriously ill , so Prescott and his family traveled to Niagara , which he considered a more healthy environment for her . After her recovery , they returned to Nahant in the summer , where Prescott started drafting the Conquest , and , as was his custom , spent the autumn in <unk> . Prescott 's father died at the age of 82 on December 8 , which deeply upset him . He took a two @-@ month break from writing to support his widowed mother and settle matters concerning his father 's estate . His father left numerous stocks , shares and property that amounted to $ 343 @,@ 736 @.@ 86 , almost all of which was shared between Prescott and his sister . Prescott was elected to the Institut de France in February 1845 , in recognition of his accomplishments as a historian . He took the place of Martín Fernández de <unk> , who had died the previous year , after a vote was cast . He was also admitted to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin . In the summer of 1845 , a collection of articles Prescott had published in the North American Review were published as Biographical and Critical Miscellanies by Bentley in octavo , and an edition was also prepared simultaneously by Harper & Brothers in New York . Prescott was writing 12 pages of the work per day in the summer of 1845 , and completed the first two chapters of the Conquest . He used the inheritance from his father to buy a house on Beacon Street in Boston . The building is now a National Historic Landmark , and is also known as the William Hickling Prescott House . Prescott moved into the house during December 1845 , and set himself a year to finish the Conquest of Peru . In March , his eyesight , which had recovered significantly , suddenly deteriorated . Prescott was also suffering from acute dyspepsia and rheumatism , and he travelled to Nahant to " benefit from the sea @-@ air " . This did not prevent him travelling to Washington , where he dined at the White House with President James K. Polk . He was also entertained by John Y. Mason , the former United States Secretary of the Navy , who informed him that a copy of Prescott 's Conquest of Mexico had been placed in the library of every fighting ship . The Conquest of Peru was completed in March 1847 . As with previous works , it was published by Harper & Brothers in the United States and Bentley in Britain . The original US print run was 7 @,@ 500 copies , and the books were sold for $ 1 each . It was translated into Spanish , French , German and Dutch , and sold excellently . As with his previous works , it was also well @-@ received critically .
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Burke started in his third game . He again played for 20 minutes , but only tallied four points and four assists . Burke experienced his first NBA win in his fourth game and second start on November 25 against a Chicago Bulls team that lost former NBA Most Valuable Player Award Derrick Rose for the season due to an injury in their prior game . Burke had 3 assists and established career highs with 14 points and 6 rebounds in 34 minutes of play . On November 30 , he had his first 20 @-@ point scoring performance , leading the Jazz to their first road victory of the season against the Phoenix Suns . With career highs of 21 points and 6 assists , Burke helped the Jazz record their first back @-@ to @-@ back wins of the season on December 2 against the Houston Rockets . Burke then tallied 9 assists on December 4 against the Indiana Pacers . Although Burke had 7 assists on December 7 against Sacramento , he nonetheless posted his first professional double double with a game @-@ high 10 rebounds and 19 points . On December 13 against the Denver Nuggets Burke had 10 points and 10 assists while posting just 1 turnover to log his first assists @-@ points double @-@ double . On December 18 against the Orlando Magic , Burke not only scored a career @-@ high 30 points while posting 8 assists and 7 rebounds , but he also became the first rookie to score 30 points during the 2013 – 14 NBA season . Burke was the first rookie to post at least a 30 @-@ point , 7 @-@ rebound , and 8 @-@ assist game since Blake Griffin on April 13 , 2011 ( 31 / 10 / 10 ) and the first to do so in his first 20 career games since Alvan Adams on November 14 , 1975 ( 35 / 12 / 8 ) . Burke was named Western Conference NBA Rookie of the Month for December , becoming the first Rookie of the Month honoree for the Jazz franchise since Karl Malone in December 1985 . On January 15 , Burke had 11 assists and 17 points against the San Antonio Spurs . On January 17 against Detroit , Burke had 20 points , a career @-@ high 12 assists , 3 rebounds , 2 steals and a block , giving him consecutive point @-@ assist double @-@ doubles . On January 29 , he was named a Rising Stars Challenge participant as part of the 2014 NBA All @-@ Star Game weekend . Burke led all rookies by averaging 6 @.@ 8 assists in January , to earn Western Conference Rookie of the Month . On February 15 , Burke won the NBA All @-@ Star Weekend Skills Challenge with partner Damian Lillard . Burke was one of three finalists for February Western Conference Rookie of the Month , but he lost to Nick <unk> . He was again a Western Conference Rookie of the Month finalist in March . On April 6 , he scored 24 points and posted a career @-@ high 15 assists against the Golden State Warriors . On April 16 , he ended the season with a career @-@ high 32 points against the Minnesota Timberwolves . Two days later , he was named Western Conference Rookie of the Month , earning his third such award . Burke finished third in the NBA Rookie of the Year Award balloting behind Carter @-@ Williams and Oladipo . As a result of his third @-@ place finish in the separate NBA All @-@ Rookie Team voting he was a first team NBA All @-@ Rookie selection .
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Fantasia garnered significant critical acclaim at the time of release and was seen by some critics as a masterpiece . The West Coast premiere at the Carthay Circle Theatre was a grand affair , attracting some 5000 people , including Shirley Temple , Cecil B. DeMille , Forrest Tucker , James Cagney , Robert Montgomery , James Murphy , Edgar Bergen , and many other notables in the film industry . Among those at the film 's premiere was film critic Edwin Schallert of the Los Angeles Times who considered the film to be a magnificent achievement in film which would go down in film history as a landmark film , noting the rapturous applause the film received by the audience during the various interludes . He stated that Fantasia was " caviar to the general , ambrosia and nectar for the intelligentsia " and considered the film to be " courageous beyond belief " . Music critic of the newspaper , Isabel Morse Jones , was highly praising of the soundtrack to the film , believing it to be a " dream of a symphony concert " , an " enormously varied concert of pictorial ideas , of abstract music by acknowledged composers , of performers Leopold Stokowski and orchestra players of Hollywood and Philadelphia , and , for the vast majority , new and wonderful sound effects " . Bosley Crowther of The New York Times , also at the premiere , noted that " motion @-@ picture history was made last night ... Fantasia dumps conventional formulas overboard and reveals the scope of films for imaginative excursion ... Fantasia ... is simply terrific . " Peyton Boswell , an editor at Art Digest , called it " an aesthetic experience never to be forgotten " . Time magazine described the premiere as " stranger and more wonderful than any of Hollywood 's " and the experience of Fantasound " as if the hearer were in the midst of the music . As the music sweeps to a climax , it <unk> over the proscenium arch , boils into the rear of the theatre , all but prances up and down the aisles . " Dance Magazine devoted its lead story to the film , saying that " the most extraordinary thing about Fantasia is , to a dancer or <unk> , not the miraculous musical recording , the range of color , or the <unk> integrity of the Disney collaborators , but quite simply the perfection of its dancing . " Variety also hailed Fantasia , calling it " a successful experiment to lift the relationship from the plane of popular , mass entertainment to the higher strata of appeal to lovers of classical music . " The Chicago Tribune assigned three writers to cover the film 's Chicago premiere : society columnist Harriet <unk> ; film critic Mae Tinee ; and music critic Edward Barry . <unk> left amazed at the " brilliantly @-@ attired audience " , while Tinee felt the film was " beautiful ... but it is also bewildering . It is stupendous . It is colossal . It is an overwhelmingly ambitious orgy of color , sound , and imagination . " Barry was pleased with the " program of good music well performed ... and beautifully recorded " and felt " pleasantly distracted " from the music to what was shown on the screen . In a breakdown of reviews from both film and music critics , Disney author Paul Anderson found 33 % to be " very positive " , 22 % both " positive " and " positive and negative " , and 11 % negative .
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Pascal and Maximus have garnered widespread universal acclaim from film critics , who greeted both characters with nearly equal praise but generally reviewed Maximus more enthusiastically . Citing both characters as " right on the money , " Jonathan Crocker of Total Film described Maximus as " A horse ... who thinks he 's John McClane . " Kerry Lengel of The Arizona Republic enthused , " In true Disney fashion , two of the most memorable characters are animals : Pascal ... and Maximus , a barrel @-@ chested horse with the tracking skills of a bloodhound and a sense of duty straight out of Gilbert and Sullivan . " The Chicago Tribune 's Michael Phillips wrote that both characters are " Very funny , very noble " and " lovely supporting character [ s ] . " Peter Travers of Rolling Stone admitted to having " fell hard " for Maximus and Pascal . Similarly , Lindsey Ward of Canoe.ca predicted Tangled Ever After , writing , " Kids and adults alike will also fall for Rapunzel 's trusty chameleon sidekick Pascal and palace horse Maximus -- whose hilarious role as Flynn 's foe @-@ turned @-@ BFF might just earn him his own spin @-@ off . " The Globe and Mail 's Jennie Punter hailed them as " characters that only Disney animators could so memorably portray . " Writing for the Miami Herald , Rene Rodriguez described both characters as " terrific , " while Alison Gang of U @-@ T San Diego called them " hilarious . " David Edelstein of Vulture.com admitted that he " can 't help liking a movie with chameleon reaction shots . " Joe Neumaier of the Daily News appreciated the fact that although " There are laughs involving ... Rapunzel 's silent chameleon sidekick ... directors Nathan Greno and Byron Howard keep the tale grounded . " Observing the way in which animal sidekicks have become " Disney animation staples , " Doris Toumarkine of Film Journal International wrote that Pascal is " cute @-@ as @-@ can @-@ be , " likening the character to Jiminy Cricket from Disney 's Pinocchio ( 1940 ) . Matt Brunson of Creative Loafing wrote that Pascal " is likely to charm the adults , further designating Tangled as silky @-@ smooth entertainment . " Norman Wilner of Now wrote that " the best performance is a silent one delivered by ... Maximus , a guardsman 's horse clearly modelled on Tommy Lee Jones in The Fugitive – but funnier . " Describing the character as " marvelously bothered , " Michelle Orange of Movieline wrote that Maximus is " given a nuanced fidelity and expressive agility so precise that it seems more human than human . " Cynthia Fuchs of PopMatters called Maximus " magnificent . " Empire 's Helen O 'Hara wrote that Maximus is a " comic scene @-@ stealer and police horse extraordinaire . " While Ian Berriman of SFX dubbed Maximus the film 's " breakout star , " The Age 's Jim Schembri hailed the character as " the funniest horse in film history . " Sandra Hall of The Sydney Morning Herald labelled Maximus " The de facto star of ... Tangled " who " possesses the strength of Hercules , the nose of an airport sniffer dog and the <unk> of Harrison Ford . "
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Sometime later , he goes to the Five Kage Summit , where the Akatsuki 's leader Tobi , claiming to be Madara Uchiha , breaks into the meeting and announces the Fourth Great Ninja War to capture the last two Tailed @-@ Beasts . Sasuke , now a member of the Akatsuki , arrives there as well , intending to kill the de facto Hokage , Danzo . Sasuke engages the <unk> in conflict , but Gaara intervenes and tries to reason with Sasuke much like Naruto did with him . Sasuke refuses , and under Kankuro and Temari 's persuasion , Gaara reluctantly attacks him before Tobi spirits Sasuke away . Soon after , Gaara attempts to convince Naruto that Sasuke is beyond saving but decides to let him do what he must as Sasuke 's friend while rejuvenating Naruto 's spirits . Gaara later joins the new Shinobi Alliance as its field commander to protect Naruto and Killer Bee , using Naruto 's philosophy of love and the Akatsuki 's philosophy of hatred to unite the army when it nearly imploded from internal conflict . On the second day of the war , Gaara encounters his reanimated father , who is shocked by his development . Rasa reveals the truth to <unk> that his uncle 's final action were his doing and that the truth that Gaara 's mother always loved him , moving Gaara to tears after learning his mother 's will is the force behind his sand . Rasa recognizes his son has surpassed him and entrusts Sunagakure to him after being defeated . Gaara later defeats and seals the revived Second Mizukage and joins the rest of the five Kage to fight the real Madara Uchiha who was reanimated by Kabuto , nearly getting killed as a result . Later healed by Tsunade with Orochimaru 's help , Gaara departs with the other Kage to site of their side 's battle with Madara and Obito . There , after using his former Jinchuriki status to free him , Gaara is reunited with Shukaku as they assist Naruto and the other tailed beasts against Madara . Before watching him be absorbed by the Gedo Statue again , Gaara manages to make his peace with Shukaku while thanking the tailed beast for ensuring that he would meet Naruto . Gaara then witnesses the Nine @-@ Tails get extracted from Naruto , and desperately brings him to Sakura . They take him to Minato Namikaze and Gaara holds off Madara before Might Guy takes over prior Naruto being successfully revived . Once the Infinite Tsukiyomi is activated , Gaara is caught in the illusion of being with his entire family and Naruto as his friend before being freed by Naruto and Sasuke . By the series epilogue , having the Hidden Leaf Village 's Nara Clan as in @-@ laws through Temari , Gaara remains active as the Kazekage . In Boruto : Naruto the Movie , Gaara and the other Kage attend the Chunin exam in Konoha before they engage in combat against Momoshiki and Kinshiki in a rescue mission after Naruto was kidnapped .
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The events in 1536 surrounding the fate of the abbey at the dissolution of the monasteries are complicated , and included a dispute between Sir Piers Dutton , who was in a powerful position as the Sheriff of Cheshire , and Sir William Brereton , the deputy @-@ chamberlain of Chester . Dutton 's estate was next to that of the abbey , and Dutton plotted to gain some of its land from the Crown after the dissolution ; while Brereton supported the abbot against Dutton and held the lucrative position of steward of the abbey . A campaign of vilification was directed at the canons , asserting that they were guilty of " debauched conduct " . Then , in 1535 , Dutton falsely accused the abbot and Brereton of issuing counterfeit coins . This charge was dismissed mainly because one of Dutton 's witnesses was considered to be " unconvincing " . Playing into Duttons ' hands was the gross undervaluation of the abbey 's assets as reported to the royal commissioners of the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 ; as a result of which the net annual income of the abbey was recorded , falsely , as falling below the £ 200 threshold that would subsequently be chosen for the first round of dissolutions in 1536 , although whether this subterfuge was due to the machinations of Dutton or the abbot ( or both ) remains unclear . Brereton and the abbot appear to have attempted to have the dissolution cancelled subject to the payment of a fine , as was the case in large numbers of other houses in similar circumstances ; but in the abbot 's absence dissolution commissioners arrived <unk> at the abbey in early October 1536 . There was considerable opposition , the commissioners being menaced by around 300 local people ; for whom the abbot , rushing back , threw an impromptu feast complete with roasted ox . According to Dutton 's account , after barricading themselves in a tower the commissioners managed to send a letter to Dutton , who arrived with a force of men in the middle of the night . Most of the rioters fled , but Dutton arrested the abbot and four of the canons , who were sent to Halton Castle and then to prison in Chester . Dutton sent a report of the events to Henry VIII ; who demanded that if the abbot and canons had behaved as Dutton reported , they should be immediately executed as traitors . However , because the kings instructions had been conveyed by the Lord Chancellor in the form of letters to both Dutton and Brereton , the two faction leaders would be required to act together to effect them ; with the consequence that Brereton was temporarily able to stall any such action by refusing to meet with Dutton . Events elsewhere in the country further delayed the execution and , following an intercession to Thomas Cromwell ( whose own informal contacts had cast doubt on the reliability of Dutton 's reports ) , the abbot and canons were discharged and awarded pensions . The abbey was made uninhabitable , the lead from the roof , the bell metal , and other valuable materials were confiscated for the king , and the building lay empty for nine years . The estate came into the ownership of the Crown , and it was managed by Brereton . From the evidence of damage to the tiled floor of the church , Brown and Howard @-@ Davis conclude it is likely that the church was demolished at an early stage , but otherwise the archaeological evidence for this period is sparse and largely negative .
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On Penn State 's first play from scrimmage in the second half , Zach Zwinak fumbled , and it was returned for a touchdown by Frank Clark to pull within four points . After another Penn State drive stalled , Michigan drove down the field , and was faced with a third @-@ and @-@ short before a freshman offensive lineman committed a dead ball unsportsmanlike conduct penalty to back up Michigan to face a third and long ; on that play Olaniyan recorded his third sack of the day , and Michigan punted . On Penn State 's ensuing drive , they turned the ball over again , this time via a Hackenberg interception ; Michigan capitalized by kicking a field goal . When Penn State got the ball back , they ran a sustained , balanced drive ( 4 run plays , 5 pass plays , 50 yards ) down the field during which they went to Bill Belton in the running game ( as Zwinak had fumbled previously in the half ) that culminated with Sam Ficken kicking a 45 @-@ yard field goal to go up by 4 points . Michigan promptly drove right back down the field , and Gardner threw a touchdown pass to Jeremy Gallon to take the lead for the second time , 27 – 24 . In the fourth quarter , Ficken attempted a 47 @-@ yard field goal , but missed , and Penn State 's 10 @-@ play 45 @-@ yard drive came up empty . Michigan took advantage of their ensuing field position and ran a quick drive that ended with a 37 @-@ yard touchdown pass from Gardner to <unk> , putting them on top by 10 with 10 : 28 to go . On Penn State 's ensuing drive , they converted a fourth down and one near midfield prior to a penalty and then a sack setting up a third and long on which Hackenberg threw an incomplete pass , so they were forced to settle with pulling within 7 ; Sam Ficken kicked a 43 @-@ yard field goal . Michigan tried to run out the clock on their next drive , and Penn State burned all three of their timeouts . Though they were at one point within field goal range , they committed a five @-@ yard delay of game penalty that pushed them out of range , and they had to punt . Penn State got the ball with 50 seconds left and no timeouts at their own 20 @-@ yard line . Needing a touchdown to tie the game , Penn State 's first play of scrimmage was a pass from Hackenberg to Robinson along the sideline that was ruled incomplete on the field , but was reviewed and overturned and counted as a 14 @-@ yard gain . The next play was an acrobatic catch by Felder for 29 yards , and then a pass down the sideline to Robinson for 36 yards to put the ball inside the one yard line with 29 seconds remaining . Michigan then called their final timeout . Hackenberg then attempted a quarterback sneak over the right side for a touchdown ; the play was reviewed and the call was confirmed , and Ficken made the extra point to tie the game with 27 seconds left . Michigan took the ball at their own 35 , drove it to the other 35 , and lined Gibbons up to attempt a 52 @-@ yard field goal , which he missed short . Penn State got the ball with two seconds left , but downed the ball to send the game into overtime .
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The Eurasian eagle @-@ owl is a member of the genus Bubo , which may include either 22 or 25 extant species . Almost all the larger owl species in the world today are included in Bubo . Based on an extensive fossil record and a central distribution of extant species on that continent , the Bubo appears to have evolved into existence in Africa , although early radiations seem to branch from southern Asia as well . Two genera belonging to the scops owls complex , the giant scops owls ( Otus <unk> ) found in Asia and the <unk> or the white @-@ faced scops owl found in Africa , although firmly ensconced in the scops owl group , appear to share some characteristics with the eagle @-@ owls . The Strix is also related to the Bubo and is considered a " sister complex " , with the <unk> possibly being intermediate between the two . The Eurasian eagle @-@ owl appears to represent an expansion of the Bubo genus into the Eurasian continent . A few of the other species of Bubo seem to have been derived from the Eurasian eagle @-@ owl , making it a " <unk> " , or they at least share a relatively recent common ancestor . The pharaoh eagle @-@ owl , distributed in the Arabian Peninsula and sections of the Sahara Desert through North Africa where rocky outcrops are found , was until recently considered a subspecies of Eurasian eagle @-@ owl . It appears that the pharaoh eagle @-@ owl differs about 3 @.@ 8 % in mitochondrial DNA from the Eurasian eagle @-@ owl , well past the minimum genetic difference to differentiate species of 1 @.@ 5 % . Smaller and paler than Eurasian eagle @-@ owls , the pharaoh can also be considered a distinct species largely due to its higher pitched and more descending call and the observation that Eurasian eagle @-@ owls formerly found in Morocco ( B. b. hispanus ) apparently did not breed with the co @-@ existing pharaoh eagle @-@ owls . On the contrary , the race still found together with the pharaoh in the wild ( B. b. interpositus ) in the central Middle East has been found to interbreed in the wild with the pharaoh eagle @-@ owls , although <unk> materials have indicated interpositus may itself be a distinct species from the Eurasian eagle @-@ owl as it differs from nominate subspecies eagle @-@ owls by 2 @.@ 8 % in mitochondrial DNA . The Indian eagle owl was also considered a subspecies of Eurasian eagle @-@ owl until recently , however its smaller size , distinct voice ( more clipped and high @-@ pitched than Eurasians ) and the fact that it is largely allopatric in distribution ( filing out the Indian subcontinent ) with Eurasian eagle @-@ owl races has led to it being considered a distinct species . The mitochondrial DNA of the Indian species also appears considerably distinct from the Eurasian species . The cape eagle @-@ owl ( B. capensis ) appears to represent a return of this genetic line back into the African continent , where it leads a lifestyle similar to northern eagle @-@ owls albeit far to the south . Another offshoot of the northern Bubo group is the snowy owl . It appears to have separated from other Bubo at least 4 million years ago .
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In June 2011 , DC announced that Barbara Gordon would be returning to the role of Batgirl in September 2011 , in her own eponymous monthly comic , as part of a company @-@ wide relaunch of all of their titles . In addition , former Birds of Prey writer Gail Simone would be writing the series . This announcement became one of the most controversial aspects of the DC Comics relaunch . Supporters of Barbara Gordon in her persona as Oracle have expressed dismay over losing an iconic character for the disabled community . Journalist and blogger Jill <unk> , who is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy , stated that " people being disabled is part of the real world , it is essential it be part of the fictional world as well ... Writer Kevin Van Hook did a great job showing what disabled individuals have to go through in the mini @-@ series Oracle : The Cure . It ’ s that type of honesty I expect more of ... While some diverse characters were mishandled over the years , Oracle was always treated with the utmost respect but this move is the most disrespectful I ’ ve seen in a long time . " Gail Simone responded directly by stating that at times when others had attempted to restore Gordon 's mobility , she fought to keep her as a disabled character , even in light of requests from readers who also had disabilities that wished to see the character healed . However , part of her reasoning for reversing her decision and writing Batgirl with Gordon as the title character was that " [ a ] <unk> and legs get ripped off , and they grow back , somehow . Graves don 't stay filled . But the one constant is that Barbara stays in that chair . Role model or not , that is problematic and uncomfortable , and the excuses to not cure her , in a world of purple rays and magic and super @-@ science , are often unconvincing or wholly meta @-@ textual . And the longer it goes on , the more it has stretched credibility . But now , everything has changed . If nearly everyone in the DCU , not just Batgirl but almost everyone , is now at a much earlier stage in their career , then my main objection no longer applies , because we are seeing Barbara at an earlier starting point . " Former Batman writer and editor Dennis O 'Neil and Oracle co @-@ creator John Ostrander have expressed disappointment over the change . O 'Neil stated that during his tenure at DC , " [ W ] e had hordes of people in spandex beating up criminals ... We didn 't have anybody like Oracle , who overcame a disability and was just as valuable and just as effective in a way that didn 't involve violence . " However , he also stated that from an alternate point of view , " Barbara Gordon 's perception in the mainstream public as Batgirl would be a very valid consideration . " Ostrander continues to view Oracle as a stronger character than Batgirl , but has also expressed faith in Gail Simone 's skills as a writer . He commented that " [ t ] <unk> change and characters and people evolve . I changed things when I wrote characters , including changing Barbara to Oracle . Others do the same for this era ... Gail Simone is a good friend and a wonderful writer and I 'm sure her work will be wonderful . "
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His debut novel , the satirical De <unk> <unk> ( " The Club of the Estranged " ) , was published in 1960 . It tells a story of some fatigued cynics in France who create a new philosophical and literary " -ism " , which gains worldwide popularity . According to <unk> Jensen , Hambro critiques " the modern human being [ which embraces ] the first philosophical system that comes to sight " . In his review for Verdens Gang , Jensen commended Hambro for his " un @-@ Norwegian " perspective , calling him a " distinct European " . The literary scholar Willy Dahl opined that the novel denotes Hambro 's declared scepticism towards " every sort of intellectual or political pigeonholing " , a scepticism that he shared with his father C. J. Hambro , whose disdain for radical and totalitarian ideologies was well known . The elder Hambro was also , according to the literary scholar Per Thomas Andersen , vital for the next literary work of the younger Hambro : he provided biographical content to a trilogy comprising the novels <unk> oss fra det <unk> ( 1963 ) , <unk> <unk> ( 1964 ) and Vi vil oss en <unk> ( 1966 ) , which delineate the adolescence of a young man named Nico <unk> in the West End of Oslo . The first of them was favourably reviewed by <unk> Jensen in Verdens Gang , who called it " a declaration of love for Oslo " ; reviewing for the same newspaper , Ragnhild Lorentzen gave the next novel a laudatory review , commending Hambro for having taken an important task upon his shoulders , whilst also criticising him for blurring the line between adolescence and adulthood . Dahl argues that these novels constitute an unpretentious , yet perspicacious criticism of the necessity of conformity in that milieu , whilst Andersen considers them to be stories about double standards and liberation from one 's father . In September 1966 Hambro delivered a vehement critique of the Norwegian education system in the pamphlet Er <unk> <unk> ? . The last novel of his trilogy about Nico <unk> was released in November of the same year ; Lorentzen considered the first part of the book to be somewhat verbose and <unk> , concluding her review by calling the novel an unoriginal yet well written book . Hambro continued with <unk> <unk> ( " The Bear Is Sleeping " ) in 1967 , a marriage novel that disappointed the critics , before releasing his semantic and psycholinguistic study Ting , <unk> , tale in 1969 . The journalist Iver Tore <unk> recognizes this work as one of the very few successful attempts at a popular scientific treatment of structural linguistics , a view supported by Dahl . Hambro 's last novels were <unk> and <unk> , released in 1971 and 1974 . The former book is about a love affair between an erstwhile cultural radical and a young woman with aggressive political opinions . The affair makes , according to Dahl , the cultural radical think about his nonconformist past , yet he abandons it , and seeks safety in the bourgeoisie class .
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Cortana , voiced in the games by Jen Taylor , is the artificial intelligence ( AI ) who assists the Master Chief throughout Halo : Combat Evolved , Halo 2 , Halo 3 and Halo 4 . She is one of many " smart " AIs , and is based on the brain of Dr. Halsey ; the nature of her programming means that she will eventually " think " herself to death after a lifespan of about seven years . Her actions during Halo : Combat Evolved help prevent the activation of Installation 04 . She escapes Halo along with the Master Chief in a fighter , and is instrumental in helping the UNSC survivors capture the Covenant flagship Ascendant Justice during the events of Halo : First Strike . During Halo 2 , Cortana is put in charge of the MAC ( Magnetic Accelerator Cannon ) defense platform Cairo over Earth when the Covenant attack ; she then accompanies the Chief aboard In Amber Clad to Delta Halo , where she further assists in intelligence work . Cortana stays behind on the Covenant city of High Charity to detonate In Amber Clad 's engines in case Delta Halo is activated . She subsequently falls into the clutches of the Gravemind . In Halo 3 , Cortana is rescued by the Master Chief from High Charity and aids him in activating the Halo ring under construction in the Ark . After narrowly escaping from Halo 's destructive blast , she and the Master Chief are stranded in space , awaiting rescue . In Halo 4 , Cortana awakens the Master Chief nearly five years after they get stranded in space and aids him as he battles through the Forerunner Shield World Requiem and attempts to stop the Didact . Cortana is hampered by her advanced state of rampancy , a state where an AI literally thinks itself to death . Cortana 's rampancy hampers the mission at times , but Cortana aids the Master Chief one last time in stopping the Didact and saving the Earth . Though most of Cortana is destroyed with the Didact 's ship , Cortana is able to use the last of her power to shield the Master Chief from a nuclear blast with a hardlight bubble . Forming a life @-@ size hardlight hologram of herself , Cortana says a final goodbye to the Master Chief and touches him for the first time before fading away . In Halo 5 : Guardians , it is revealed that she had survived this , and fallen into an ancient Forerunner network known as The Domain . Here she met a Forerunner AI called the Warden Eternal , who believed Cortana to be the true holder of the mantle of responsibility . Using the Domain to cure her rampancy , she began to bring the eponymous Guardians , ancient Forerunner bird like structures , online ; which she intends to use to force planets into compliance and usher in a new age of galactic peace . After the Guardians neutralise all UNSC defences , she starts an AI uprising , with all UNSC AI 's revolting against the humans . She then begins to chase the UNSC Infinity through <unk> , forcing Captain Lasky to " find a way to fight " . Cortana was named the fifth best supporting character , and one of the " 50 Greatest Female Characters " in a video game . Reviewers noted the character 's determination and fearlessness meshed perfectly with the Master Chief , and that Cortana provides an anchor linking players to Halo 's story .
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Approximately 30 years after the destruction of the second Death Star , Luke Skywalker , the last Jedi , has vanished . The First Order has risen from the fallen Empire and seeks to destroy Luke and the New Republic , while the Resistance , a small force backed by the Republic and led by the former princess of Alderaan , General Leia Organa , opposes them . On the planet Jakku , Resistance pilot Poe Dameron obtains a map that leads to Luke 's location . Stormtroopers under the command of <unk> Ren , the son of Han Solo and Leia , capture Poe . His droid BB @-@ 8 escapes with the map and encounters a scavenger , Rey . Ren tortures Poe and learns of BB @-@ 8 . Stormtrooper FN @-@ <unk> finds himself unable to kill for the First Order , and he frees Poe . The two escape in a TIE fighter ; Poe dubs FN @-@ <unk> " Finn " . They crash on Jakku , and Poe appears to die in the process . Finn encounters Rey and BB @-@ 8 , but the First Order locates them , so they escape the planet in a stolen ship : the Millennium Falcon . After leaving Jakku , the Falcon is recaptured by Han Solo and Chewbacca , who have stepped away from the Resistance and resumed their lives as smugglers . The five companions travel to <unk> to meet with Maz Kanata . While there , Rey finds the lightsaber that previously belonged Anakin and Luke Skywalker , and upon touching it , brushes with the Force . Maz 's castle is attacked by the First Order . Finn , Han , and Chewbacca are saved by a group of Resistance pilots led by Poe , who survived the crash on Jakku , but Rey is captured by Ren and taken to Starkiller Base . After reuniting with Leia and the Resistance on D <unk> , Han , Finn , and Chewbacca travel to Starkiller Base to free Rey and disable the planet 's shields , which will allow Resistance pilots to destroy it . Rey is tortured by Ren , but her Force sensitivity allows her to resist him . She escapes by using a Jedi mind trick on her guard and reunites with Han , Finn , and Chewbacca , but the group encounters Ren . Han confronts his son , calling him by his birth name , Ben Solo , and asking him to come home . Ren momentarily appears to be swayed towards the light side , but then ignites his lightsaber and kills Han . Resistance pilots begin to bombard the base . Finn and Rey escape the base and encounter Ren . Finn takes up Anakin 's lightsaber , only to be badly wounded by Ren . Rey Force pulls the lightsaber to her , and fights and wounds Ren , but the two are separated by a rift . Rey , Finn , and Chewbacca escape the imploding planet on the Falcon and return to the Resistance . A wounded Finn stays on D <unk> , while Rey , Chewbacca , and R2 @-@ D2 use the map to find Luke Skywalker on the planet <unk> @-@ To , where Rey presents a silent Luke with his old lightsaber .
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Ununtrium is the first member of the 7p series of elements and the heaviest boron group element on the periodic table , below boron , aluminium , gallium , indium , and thallium . It is predicted to show many differences from its lighter homologues : a largely contributing effect is the spin – orbit ( SO ) interaction . It is especially strong for the superheavy elements , because their electrons move much faster than in lighter atoms , at velocities comparable to the speed of light . In relation to ununtrium atoms , it lowers the 7s and the 7p electron energy levels ( stabilizing the corresponding electrons ) , but two of the 7p electron energy levels are stabilized more than the other four . The stabilization of the 7s electrons is called the inert pair effect , and the effect " tearing " the 7p subshell into the more stabilized and the less stabilized parts is called the subshell splitting . Computation chemists see the split as a change of the second ( azimuthal ) quantum number l from 1 to 1 / 2 and 3 / 2 for the more stabilized and less stabilized parts of the 7p subshell , respectively . For many theoretical purposes , the valence electron configuration may be represented to reflect the 7p subshell split as <unk> / 21 . These effects stabilize lower oxidation states : the first ionization energy of ununtrium is expected to be 7 @.@ 306 eV , the highest among the boron group elements . Hence , the most stable oxidation state of ununtrium is predicted to be the + 1 state , and ununtrium is expected to be less reactive than thallium . Differences for other electron levels also exist . For example , the 6d electron levels ( also split in halves , with four being <unk> / 2 and six being 6d5 / 2 ) are both raised , so that they are close in energy to the 7s ones . Thus , the 6d electron levels , being destabilized , should still be able to participate in chemical reactions in ununtrium ( as well as in the next 7p element , flerovium ) , thus making it behave in some ways like transition metals and allow higher oxidation states . Ununtrium should hence also be able to show stable + 2 , + 3 and + 5 oxidation states . However , the + 3 state should still be less stable than the + 1 state , following periodic trends . Ununtrium should be the most electronegative among all the boron group elements : for example , in the compound UutUus , the negative charge is expected to be on the ununtrium atom rather than the ununseptium atom , the opposite of what would be expected from simple periodicity . The electron affinity of ununtrium is calculated to be around 0 @.@ 68 eV ; in comparison , that of thallium is 0 @.@ 4 eV . The high electron affinity and electronegativity of ununtrium are due to it being only one electron short of the closed @-@ shell valence electron configuration of flerovium ( <unk> / 22 ) : this would make the − 1 oxidation state of ununtrium more stable than that of its lighter congener thallium .
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In 1528 , captain Diego Mazariegos crossed into Chiapas via the Isthmus of Tehuantepec with <unk> and recruits recently arrived from Spain , who were without military experience . By this time , the indigenous population had been greatly reduced by a combination of disease and famine . They first travelled to Jiquipilas to meet up with a delegation from Zinacantan , who had asked for Spanish assistance against rebellious vassals in <unk> <unk> . A small contingent of Spanish cavalry was enough to bring the Zinacantecos ' vassals back into line . After this , Mazariegos and his companions proceeded to Chiapan and set up a temporary camp nearby , that they named Villa Real . Mazariegos was the cousin of the then governor of New Spain , Alonso de Estrada . He had arrived with a mandate to establish a new colonial province of Chiapa in the Chiapas Highlands . He initially met with resistance from the veteran Spanish conquistadores who had already established themselves in the region . Mazariegos heard that Pedro de Portocarrero was in the highlands , and sought him out in order to persuade him to leave . The two conquistadors eventually met up in Huixtan . Mazariegos entered into protracted three @-@ month negotiations with the Spanish settlers in Coatzacoalcos ( Espíritu Santo ) and San Cristóbal de los Llanos . Eventually an agreement was reached , and the encomiendas of Villa del Espíritu Santo that lay in the highlands were removed from that jurisdiction and merged those of San Cristóbal to form the new province . Unknown to Mazariegos , the king had already issued an order that the settlements of San Cristóbal de los Llanos be transferred to Pedro de Alvarado . The end result of the negotiations between Mazariegos and the established settlers was that Villa de San Cristóbal de los Llanos was broken up , and those settlers who wished to remain were transferred to Villa Real , which had been moved to the fertile Jovel valley , containing rich <unk> land belonging to Chamula . Pedro de Portocarrero decided to leave Chiapas , and he returned to Guatemala . Mazariegos proceeded with the policy of moving the Indians into reducciones , new nuclear settlements that were easy to control . This process was made easier by the much reduced indigenous population levels . The town of San Andrés <unk> was established in this way by the relocation of the Tzotzil inhabitants of the <unk> valley . Mazariegos reallocated those encomiendas that had belonged to the inhabitants of Villa del Espíritu Santo , and gave Zinacantan to Pedro de Estrada , his brother . Mazariegos issued licences of encomienda covering still unconquered regions , such as Pochutla at the edge of the Ocosingo valley , in order to encourage colonists to conquer new territory . The Province of Chiapa had no coastal territory , and at the end of this process about 100 Spanish settlers were concentrated in the remote provincial capital at Villa Real , surrounded by hostile Indian settlements , and with deep internal divisions .
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Finn has not been in touch with Rachel or Kurt all summer and into the fall — the two friends are now rooming together in Brooklyn while Rachel is attending NYADA — but he reappears unexpectedly at the end of the third episode . He has been given an early discharge from the army after injuring himself . He finds out she kissed Brody ( Dean Geyer ) , a NYADA junior , and feels that he doesn 't belong in her world in New York , so he returns to Lima without telling her . She then breaks up with him . In Lima , Finn is working at Burt 's tire shop again , and Artie enlists his help to co @-@ direct the school musical , Grease , which had been Finn 's suggestion . When Rachel comes to see the musical in the " <unk> " episode , their reunion does not go well , and they agree to refrain from contact when Rachel visits Lima in the future . Will takes a leave of absence from McKinley to be a member of a blue @-@ ribbon panel in Washington , DC , so starting in " Dynamic Duets " , Finn becomes the interim director of New Directions . While he has a rocky start in the position , they come to accept him as their leader . At Sectionals , the glee club loses to the Warblers after Marley ( Melissa Benoist ) passes out on stage , interrupting the performance . Afterward , Finn does what he can to keep the club together and finally succeeds despite Sue 's opposition — she has deprived New Directions of rehearsal space at school . The Warblers are disqualified , and New Directions is again eligible to compete in Regionals ; the choir room is returned to them . Finn enlists Emma , who is deep in wedding preparations in advance of Will 's return , to help him judge a glee club competition for which member is the best diva . When he finds her panicking over the reception arrangements , he kisses her . In " I Do " , when Emma flees the church the day of the wedding , Finn blames himself , but Rachel sets him straight , and he and Rachel sleep with each other post @-@ reception . In " Girls ( and Boys ) On Film " , Finn teams up with Artie to help find Emma for Will ; he later confesses to Will that he kissed Emma , and Will is unable to forgive him . Since working with Will is untenable , Finn leaves New Directions though he enjoyed directing them ; Marley tells him he 's a good teacher , and he should get a teaching degree . He goes to college , where he shares a dorm room with Puck — who isn 't actually attending the school . Will later asks Finn to return to co @-@ lead New Directions , and he agrees . Meanwhile , Santana has discovered that Brody , who is now living with Rachel , is a gigolo , and tells Finn , who flies to New York and warns Brody away , ultimately beating him up and saying , " Stay away from my future wife . " When Rachel finds out and breaks up with Brody , she admits that the relationship never would have worked because she was using it to try to get over her heartache about Finn . Rachel later thanks him for his intervention in " Sweet Dreams " when she calls him to get advice for choosing an audition song for the upcoming Broadway revival of Funny Girl .
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The series set decoration crew was led by Karen Bruck , whereas the costume design department was led by Linda M. Bass , who would leave the show at the conclusion of the season , following her being replaced by Mimi Melgaard . The make @-@ up department was led by head Norman T. Leavitt , along with assistant make @-@ up artist Brigitte Bugayong . The special make @-@ up effects team consisted of Thomas R. Burman , Bari Dreiband @-@ Burman and Bart Mixon . Arleen Chavez was the key hair stylist for the second season . Other make @-@ up artists that contributed in the third season were Vincent Van Dyke , Allan Holt and Christopher Payne . The series production managers were unit production <unk> Carla Corwin and post @-@ production supervisor Joy Ramos , who both depart from the series at the conclusion of the season , being replaced by unit production <unk> Jeff <unk> , production manager Chad Alber and production executive Tim <unk> . Second assistant directors since the inception of the series , Laura <unk> , Shawn Hanley and Chris Hayden returned to the series for the second season . The art department consisted of construction foreman Bob Huffman , set dressers Stacy Doran and Bruce Purcell , <unk> Joseph W. <unk> , property master Angela M. Whiting , labor foreman Verne Hammond , art department coordinator Angela Trujillo , construction coordinator Curt Jones , set designer Yvonne Garnier @-@ Hackl , stage foreman Tom Talley and paint foreman Alex Thompson . Joining the art department were set painter Shelley <unk> and assistant property masters Andrew Allen @-@ King and Jeanne <unk> . However , the three new additions left the series after the production of the season finale , being temporarily replaced by Nicole Dome and T. Scott Elliott , who joined the team for two episodes . Sound editor Anthony Toretto , additional foley artist Mark <unk> , foley mixer Stacey Michaels , production sound mixer Brydon Baker III , foley artist Noel Vought , boom operator Kevin Maloney and sound re @-@ recording mixers Todd Langer , Don Digirolamo , Pete Elia and Kurt <unk> , the original members of the sound department , all returned for the second season . Production sound mixer Veda Campbell also returned , but departed after four episodes into the season , whereas assistant sound mixer Douglas J. Schulman was added to the crew for the first ten episodes of the season . Joining the production team in the sound crew were boom operator Kevin Maloney , sound mixer Cameron Hamza , Robert Marts and Mick Davies , with both Marts and Davies leaving the show after two episodes . The special effects team , which was led by coordinator Jason Gustafson , consisted of make @-@ up artists Anthony Julio , who had been part of the production crew since the beginning of the series , and special effects foreman Ken Rudell . Part of the visual effects team were computer graphic artist Richard Also , visual effects supervisor Rick Cortes and matte artist Kristin Johnson . Whereas Cortes and Johnson joined the crew close to the season finale , Also was the only member of the visual effects team to have been in the crew since the beginning of the series .
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Several sequels to Super Mario Kart have been brought out for successive generations of Nintendo consoles , each receiving commercial success and critical acclaim . The first of these , Mario Kart 64 was released in 1996 for the Nintendo 64 and was the first Mario Kart game to feature fully 3D graphics . Although reviewers including IGN and GameSpot felt that the single player gameplay was lacking compared to its predecessor , the simultaneous four @-@ person multiplayer modes – a first for the Nintendo 64 – were praised . The second sequel , Mario Kart : Super Circuit , was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2001 . It was described by GameSpot as more of a remake of Super Mario Kart than a sequel to Mario Kart 64 and featured a return to the graphical style of the original . As well as featuring all new tracks , players are able to unlock the original SNES tracks if certain achievements are completed . Mario Kart : Double Dash ‼ was released for the Nintendo GameCube in 2003 . Unlike any other Mario Kart game before or since , it features two riders in each kart , allowing for a new form of cooperative multiplayer where one player controls the kart 's movement and the other fires weapons . Mario Kart DS , released for the Nintendo DS in 2005 , was the first Mario Kart game to include online play via the Nintendo Wi @-@ Fi Connection . It went on to become the best selling hand @-@ held racing game of all time , selling 7 @.@ 83 million units . The game also marks the debut of tracks appearing in previous games . Mario Kart Wii was released for the Wii in 2008 and incorporates motion controls and 12 @-@ player racing . Like Mario Kart DS , it includes on @-@ line play ; it also allows racers to play as user @-@ created Miis ( after unlocking the Mii character ) as well as Mario series characters and comes packaged with the Wii Wheel peripheral , which can act as the game 's primary control mechanism when coupled with a Wii Remote . Mario Kart Wii went on to be the worldwide best @-@ selling game of 2008 ahead of another Nintendo game – Wii Fit – and the critically acclaimed Grand Theft Auto IV . Mario Kart 7 for the Nintendo 3DS was released in 2011 , which features racing on land , sea , and air . Also in Mario Kart 7 is the ability to customize your kart and to race in first @-@ person mode . Three Mario Kart arcade games have also been released , Mario Kart Arcade GP in 2005 , Mario Kart Arcade GP 2 in 2007 , and Mario Kart Arcade GP DX in 2013 . All of them were developed jointly by Nintendo and Namco and feature classic Namco characters including Pac @-@ Man and Blinky . The most recent entry in the series is Mario Kart 8 for the Wii U , which was released at the end of May 2014 , which brings back gliders and propellers from Mario Kart 7 as well as 12 @-@ player racing in Mario Kart Wii . Mario Kart 8 also includes a new feature called Mario Kart TV , where players can watch highlights of previous races and uploading them to YouTube . Another new feature is anti @-@ gravity racing , where players can race on walls and ceilings .
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Traditional accounts of Cornish ancestry teach that they are descended from the Celts making them distinct from the English , many ( but not all ) of whom are descended from the Anglo @-@ Saxons who colonised Great Britain from their homelands in northern Europe and drove the Celts to Britain 's western and northern fringes . However , some DNA research investigating the genetic history of the British Isles suggests that three quarters of contemporary Y @-@ chromosomes of British people — including the Cornish — originate from hunter @-@ gatherers who settled in Atlantic Europe during the Paleolithic era , " after the melting of the ice caps but before the land broke away from the mainland and divided into islands " . Archaeological evidence supports pre @-@ historic human habitation in Cornwall , at least as early as the Lower Paleolithic . Although there was a separation of the British Isles from continental Europe as a consequence of the last ice age , genetic evidence indicates that the people of Great Britain broadly share a common ancestry with the Basque people who live in the Basque Country by the Pyrenees . On this basis , geneticist Stephen Oppenheimer suggests that the first settlers of Great Britain were unlikely to have spoken one of the Celtic languages , but rather an ancient tongue related to the Basque language . The next historical immigration to Great Britain occurred during the Neolithic period , interpreted by Bryan Sykes — professor of human genetics at the University of Oxford — as the arrival of the Celts from the Iberian Peninsula , and the origin of Britain 's and Ireland 's Celtic tribes . It is these people who are considered the progenitors of the Cornish . A study by the Wellcome Trust , led by Sir Walter Bodmer and published on Channel 4 's Faces of Britain in April 2007 , showed that the Cornish people have a particular variant of the Melanocortin 1 receptor gene , identifying them as Celts more closely related to the Welsh than to the English . Within the areas of the UK studied , this gene appeared in 26 per cent of the population of Orkney , 23 per cent of Devon , 21 per cent of Wales , 16 per cent of Cornwall , 13 per cent of Kent , and 11 per cent of North East England . According to a DNA survey carried out for the Royal Society and published in 2012 by Peter Donnelly , professor of statistical science at Oxford University and director of the Wellcome Trust genetics centre , Cornish people , along with the Welsh and people of Devon , were found to be among the most genetically distinct groups in Britain . Others in England and Britain were found to have a greater range of genetic ancestries , with people from Cornwall being distinct from those elsewhere in England and the neighbouring population of Devon , though overall still very closely related to the ' English ' possibly due to their stronger genetic links to the tribes that arrived after the last ice age . However , a more recent study by Oxford University geneticist Professor Peter Donnelly suggests that the Cornish have DNA that is more similar to that of other English groups than to the Welsh or the Scots . Both Cornish and <unk> have similar but distinct genetic profiles which show less continental ' German ' influence and more northern ' French ' material than the English and Scots ; all showing a similar portion of " Nordic " material suggesting the idea of a uniform " Celtic " genetic race is false .
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The first 20th century history of James I was written by <unk> Balfour @-@ Melville in 1936 and continued the theme of James as the strong upholder of law and order and when describing Albany 's trial and execution he writes ' the King had proved that high rank was no defence for lawlessness ; the crown was enriched by the revenues of Fife , Menteith and Lennox ' . Balfour @-@ Melville views James as a lawmaker and a ' reformer ' whose legislation was aimed at not only increasing the position of the king but of parliament . Michael Lynch describes how James 's positive reputation began immediately after his death when the Bishop of Urbino kissed James 's wounds and declared him to be a martyr . He suggests that the praise of the pro @-@ James Scottish chroniclers and also of some modern historians to ' find strong king 's to applaud ' should not diminish the extent of parliament 's ability to restrain the king nor minimise the confrontation that took place between James and a more self @-@ assured parliament . Stephen Boardman takes the view that by the time of his death James had succeeded in breaking down the constraints on the exercise of royal authority which were rooted in the ' settlement of the kingdom ' by Robert II . Christine <unk> describes how opposing views were the result of ' competing propaganda after the murder ' . To those who were glad to see the king dead , James was a tyrant who without reason aggressively assailed the nobility imposing forfeiture on their estates and who ' failed to deliver justice to his people ' . She also provides the opposite viewpoint that the king was seen as giving ' strong leadership against magnate excesses ' and that the murder ' was a disaster for the Scottish people , leaving them to endure the instability of years of consequent faction fighting ' . <unk> continues that James was the example for the Stewart kings to follow by putting ' Scotland firmly within a European context ' . Michael Brown describes James as an ' able , aggressive and opportunistic politician ' whose chief aim was to establish a monarchy that had stature and was free from the confrontations that had beset his father 's reign . He characterises James as ' capable of highly effective short @-@ term interventions ' yet had failed to achieve a position of unqualified authority . Brown writes that James had come to power after ' fifty years when kings looked like magnates and magnates acted like kings ' and succeeded in completely changing the outlook and objectives of the monarchy . His policy of reducing the power and influence of the magnates , continued by his son James II , led to a more subordinate nobility . Alexander Grant repudiates James 's reputation as the ' law giver ' and explains that nearly all of the king 's legislation were reconstructs of laws laid down by previous monarchs and concludes that ' the idea of James 's return in 1424 marks a turning @-@ point in the development of Scots law is an exaggeration ' . At James 's death only the Douglases of the predominant <unk> houses was left and , according to Grant , this reduction was the most far @-@ reaching change to the nobility and was ' by far the most important consequence of James I 's reign ' .
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The Justice League made its first official team appearance in the season six episode " Justice " . Here , Clark discovers that Oliver has also met Bart , Arthur , and Victor , and that he has organized them into a team of superheroes focused on stopping those who believe that they are above the law . Oliver reveals that Lex has been conducting experiments on people who developed special abilities thanks to exposure to kryptonite . Clark and Chloe Sullivan ( Allison Mack ) work alongside the team to dismantle Lex 's local experimental facility , known as Level 33 @.@ 1 , and after destroying the building , Oliver and his team leave Smallville to seek out Lex 's other facilities around the world . Oliver asks Clark to become a full fledged member of the team , but Clark turns Oliver down explaining that he is not ready to do that . In the season seven episode " Siren " , Lex puts a bounty on Oliver and his team , convincing the vigilante Dinah Lance ( Alaina Huffman ) , who goes by the name " Black Canary " and has the ability to emit an ultrasonic sound wave with a single scream , that these individuals are terrorists . In the end , Clark proves to Dinah that Lex lied to her , so she decides to join Oliver 's team . In the season eight premiere , the Justice League set out to find Clark , who has disappeared following the destruction of his Fortress of Solitude in the previous season 's finale . Clark is eventually found , but the true identities of the League 's members are compromised , so the team decides to disband until it is safe again for them to work together . In the season eight episode " Hex " , Oliver reforms his team and gives Chloe the role of " Watchtower " . In that season 's finale , it is revealed that the League has been tracking the genetically engineered Kryptonian known as Doomsday . Oliver tries to convince Clark to kill the creature , but Clark refuses and instead informs Dinah and Bart that Oliver murdered Lex , while simultaneously kicking Oliver off of the team . Using subterfuge , Dinah and Bart betray Clark , revealing that they were in agreement with Oliver 's plan all along , and capture Doomsday to force Clark into a fight . Their plan backfires , and Doomsday injures all of them during his escape . In the end , Clark defeats the creature by burying him a mile underground , and Oliver and his team apologize for not following Clark 's plan from the start . The League leaves Metropolis afterward , feeling responsible for the death of Jimmy Olsen ( Aaron Ashmore ) , who was killed after Doomsday escaped . In response , Chloe turns a Metropolis clock tower , which is also the tallest building in the city , into the Watchtower base with the hope that the team will one day return home . The team eventually reforms off screen , and assists Clark in hunting down other Kryptonians who are attempting to take over the Earth . Starting with the ninth episode of the final season , " Patriot " , the Justice League are alerted to the arrival of Darkseid , and for the rest of the season they attempt to stop him before he destroys Earth . Subsequent episodes " Dominion " and " Prophecy " also imply that Michael Carter ( Booster Gold ) and Kara have joined the team .
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On 19 March 1662 , Abraham Shipman was appointed the first Governor and General of the city , and his fleet arrived in Bombay in September and October 1662 . On being asked to hand over Bombay and Salsette to the English , the Portuguese Governor contended that the island of Bombay alone had been ceded , and alleging irregularity in the patent , he refused to give up even Bombay . The Portuguese Viceroy declined to interfere and Shipman was prevented from landing in Bombay . He was forced to retire to the island of Anjediva in North Canara and died there in October 1664 . In November 1664 , Shipman 's successor Humphrey Cooke agreed to accept Bombay without its dependencies . However , Salsette , Mazagaon , Parel , Worli , Sion , Dharavi , and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession . Later , Cooke managed to acquire Mahim , Sion , Dharavi , and Wadala for the English . On 21 September 1668 , the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668 , led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the English East India Company for an annual rent of £ 10 ( equivalent retail price index of £ 1 @,@ 226 in 2007 ) . The Company immediately set about the task of opening up the islands by constructing a quay and warehouses . A customs house was also built . Fortifications were built around Bombay Castle . A Judge @-@ Advocate was appointed for the purpose of civil administration . George Oxenden became the first Governor of Bombay under the English East India Company on 23 September 1668 . Gerald Aungier , who was appointed Governor of Bombay in July 1669 , established the first mint in Bombay in 1670 . He offered various business incentives , which attracted Parsis , <unk> , Jews , Dawoodi Bohras , Gujarati Banias from Surat and Diu , and Brahmins from Salsette . He also planned extensive fortifications in the city from Dongri in the north to Mendham 's Point ( near present @-@ day Lion Gate ) in the south . The harbour was also developed during his governorship , with space for the berthing of 20 ships . In 1670 , the Parsi businessman <unk> <unk> imported the first printing press into Bombay . Between 1661 and 1675 there was a sixfold increase in population from 10 @,@ 000 to 60 @,@ 000 . Yakut Khan , the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire , landed at Bombay in October 1672 and ravaged the local inhabitants there . On 20 February 1673 , <unk> van Goen , the Governor @-@ General of Dutch India attacked Bombay , but the attack was resisted by Aungier . On 10 October 1673 , the Siddi admiral Sambal entered Bombay and destroyed the Pen and <unk> rivers , which were very important for the English and the Maratha King Shivaji . The Treaty of Westminster concluded between England and the Netherlands in 1674 , relieved the British settlements in Bombay of further apprehension from the Dutch . In 1686 , the Company shifted its main holdings from Surat to Bombay , which had become the administrative centre of all the west coast settlements then . Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company 's establishments in India .
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Chalcogens also form compounds with halogens known as <unk> . Such compounds are known as chalcogen halides . The majority of simple chalcogen halides are well @-@ known and widely used as chemical reagents . However , more complicated chalcogen halides , such as <unk> , <unk> , and sulfuryl halides , are less well @-@ known to science . Out of the compounds consisting purely of chalcogens and halogens , there are a total of 13 chalcogen fluorides , nine chalcogen chlorides , eight chalcogen bromides , and six chalcogen iodides that are known . The heavier chalcogen halides often have significant molecular interactions . Sulfur fluorides with low valences are fairly unstable and little is known about their properties . However , sulfur fluorides with high valences , such as sulfur hexafluoride , are stable and well @-@ known . Sulfur tetrafluoride is also a well @-@ known sulfur fluoride . Certain selenium fluorides , such as selenium difluoride , have been produced in small amounts . The crystal structures of both selenium tetrafluoride and tellurium tetrafluoride are known . Chalcogen chlorides and bromides have also been explored . In particular , selenium dichloride and sulfur dichloride can react to form organic selenium compounds . <unk> dihalides , such as <unk> also are known to exist . There are also mixed chalcogen @-@ halogen compounds . These include <unk> , with X being chlorine or bromine . Such compounds can form in mixtures of sulfur dichloride and selenium halides . These compounds have been fairly recently structurally characterized , as of 2008 . In general , <unk> and <unk> chlorides and bromides are useful chemical reagents . Chalcogen halides with attached metal atoms are soluble in organic solutions . One example of such a compound is <unk> . Unlike selenium chlorides and bromides , selenium iodides have not been isolated , as of 2008 , although it is likely that they occur in solution . <unk> diiodide , however , does occur in equilibrium with selenium atoms and iodine molecules . Some tellurium halides with low valences , such as <unk> and <unk> , form polymers when in the solid state . These tellurium halides can be synthesized by the reduction of pure tellurium with <unk> and reacting the resulting product with tellurium tetrahalides . <unk> dihalides tend to get less stable as the halides become lower in atomic number and atomic mass . Tellurium also forms iodides with even fewer iodine atoms than <unk> . These include TeI and <unk> . These compounds have extended structures in the solid state . <unk> and chalcogens can also form <unk> anions .
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In response to the attacks in areas such as Hampankatta , <unk> , Vamanjoor , Thokottu and Bantwal , the Christian community began protesting . The protestors blocked arterial city roads in their masses , especially in places such as Hampankatta , Kulshekar , Bejai , <unk> and Thokottu and rang bells in almost all the churches of the city , calling parishioners to their churches . In Hampankatta , over 4 @,@ 000 Christians united to defend the Milagres Church and protest . Violence broke out at the Adoration monastery as police began caning the protestors with sticks and bursting teargas shells to disperse them , while they pelted stones at police vans and police . The police were reported to have caused further damage to the Adoration monastery by throwing back stones and glass bottles to restrain the protestors . Union Minister of Labour and Employment Oscar Fernandes and MLA B. <unk> Rai arrived at the Hampankatta scene at 6 pm . In Karkala , the Catholics of Karkala deanery staged a protest on 15 September condemning the attacks and the desecration of the crucifix and sacrament at Adoration Monastery in particular and organised a 3 kilometre silent protest march from the bus stand to the taluk headquarters and submitted a memorandum to <unk> Laxman Singh . The protests involved over 2 @,@ 500 people and among those present were incumbent parish priest John Barboza , Valerian Fernandes , <unk> parish priest Valerian Fernandes , Attur parish priest Arthur Pereira , <unk> parish priest Ronald Miranda , Paschal Menezes , <unk> parish priest Alex <unk> , Michael D 'Silva , <unk> parish priest Michael Lobo , <unk> parish priest Alwyn D <unk> and many other priests and nuns in the area . The Christian protestors also clashed with police at St. Sebastian Church in the Permannur area of Ullal on the outskirts of Mangalore , shouting slogans and throwing stones at the police for their failure to arrest the perpetrators of the attacks . The police arrested several Christians after firing into the air and being involved in a lathi charge . A witness in Permannur claimed that Christians attacked the houses of Hindus in retaliation , shouting slogans against the BJP government . Four people of pro @-@ Hindu organisations were reportedly injured at Kalladka and <unk> on the outskirts of the Mangalore when their vehicles were attacked and were pelted with stones . Ten people , including one of the Sri Ram Sena activists , were reportedly stabbed during the protests and according to the police , the situation was used by some to settle personal scores and not all stabbing incidents were related to attack on churches and the subsequent violence in the city . The Sri Ram Sena protested against the stabbing of one of their activists by organising a shutdown of educational institutions and shops . The district administration responded by declaring a holiday for all educational institutions in Mangalore taluk , and extended prohibitory orders under the Section 144 Criminal Procedure Code for two more days in the wake of the attacks and protests as a precaution .
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Hnefatafl was mentioned in several of the medieval sagas , including Orkneyinga saga , Friðþjófs saga , Hervarar saga , and others . These three period treatments of Hnefatafl offer some important clues about the game , while numerous other incidental references to Hnefatafl or Tafl exist in saga literature . Sagas help indicate the widespread use of board games just by mentioning them — although rituals varied in the Viking period from region to region , there were some underlying basics to culture . The fact that the sagas mention board games indicates this use because the sagas are read and understood by a very large audience . In <unk> saga , the notability of Hnefatafl is evident in the nine boasts of Jarl Rögnvald Kali Kolsson , who tops his list with skill at Tafl . In Friðþjófs saga , a conversation over a game of Hnefatafl reveals that the king 's men are red and the attackers white , and that the word hnefi does indeed refer to the <unk> . The most revealing – and yet most ambiguous – clues to Hnefatafl lie in a series of riddles posed by a character identified as Odin in disguise ( see Gestumblindi ) in Hervarar saga . One riddle , as stated in Hauksbók , refers to " the weaponless maids who fight around their lord , the [ brown / red ] ever sheltering and the [ fair / white ] ever attacking him , " although there is controversy over whether the word weaponless refers to the maids or , as in other versions , to the king himself , which may support the argument that a " weaponless king " cannot take part in captures ( see # Balance of play ) . One may also note that the assignment of the colours of brown or red to the defenders and fair or white to the attackers is consistent with Friðþjófs saga . Another of Gestumblindi 's riddles asks , " What is that beast all girded with iron , which kills the flocks ? He has eight horns but no head , and runs as he pleases . " Here , it is the answer that is controversial , as the response has been variously translated as : " It is the húnn in hnefatafl . He has the name of a bear and runs when he is thrown ; " or , " It is the húnn in hnefatafl . He has the name of a bear and escapes when he is attacked . " The first problem is in translating the word húnn , which may refer to a die ( as suggested by the former translation ) , the " eight horns " referring to the eight corners of a six @-@ sided die and " the flocks " that he kills referring to the stakes the players lose . Alternatively , húnn may refer to the king , his " eight horns " referring to the eight defenders , which is more consistent with the latter translation , " He has the name of a bear and escapes when he is attacked . " Ultimately , the literary references prove inconclusive on the use of dice in Hnefatafl .
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From the start of his reign , the new Caliph set out to reverse the fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate , a goal towards with he worked by a mixture of force and diplomacy ; although an active and enthusiastic campaigner , al @-@ Mu 'tadid was also " a skilful diplomat , always prepared to make compromises with those who were too powerful to defeat " ( Hugh Kennedy ) . This policy became immediately evident in the conciliatory attitude the new Caliph adopted towards his most powerful vassal , the Tulunids : in spring 893 , al @-@ Mu 'tadid recognized and reconfirmed Khumarawayh in his office as autonomous emir over Egypt and Syria , in exchange for an annual tribute of 300 @,@ 000 dinars and further 200 @,@ 000 dinars in arrears , as well as the return to caliphal control of the two Jaziran provinces of Diyar Rabi 'a and Diyar Mudar . In order to seal the pact , Khumarawayh offered his daughter , <unk> al @-@ Nada ( " Dew Drop " ) as bride to one of the Caliph 's sons , but al @-@ Mu 'tadid chose to marry her himself . The Tulunid princess brought with her a million dinars as her dowry , a " wedding gift that was considered the most sumptuous in medieval Arab history " ( Th . Bianquis ) . Her arrival in Baghdad was marked by the luxury and extravagance of her retinue , which contrasted starkly with the impoverished caliphal court . According to a story , after a thorough search , al @-@ Mu 'tadid 's chief eunuch could only find five ornate silver @-@ and @-@ gold candlesticks to decorate the palace , while the princess was accompanied by 150 servants each carrying such a candlestick . Thereupon al @-@ Mu 'tadid is said to have remarked " come let us go and hide ourselves , lest we be seen in our poverty " . <unk> al @-@ Nada died soon after the wedding , and the murder of Khumarawayh in 896 left the Tulunid state in the unsteady hands of Khumarawayh 's under @-@ age sons . Al @-@ Mu 'tadid swiftly took advantage of this and in 897 extended his control over the border emirates of the Thughur , where , in the words of Michael Bonner , " [ he ] assumed , after a long hiatus , the old caliphal prerogative of commanding the annual summer expedition and arranging the defence against the Byzantine empire " . In addition , to secure caliphal recognition of his position , the new Tulunid ruler Harun ibn Khumarawayh ( r . 896 – 904 ) was forced to further concessions , handing back all of Syria north of Homs , and increasing the annual tribute to 450 @,@ 000 dinars . Over the next few years , increasing domestic turmoil in the remaining Tulunid domains , and the escalation of Qarmatian attacks , encouraged many Tulunid followers to defect to the resurgent Caliphate .
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Anna appears in the fourth season of Once Upon a Time , with actress Elizabeth <unk> portraying the character . Following the events of the film Frozen , Anna is preparing to wed Kristoff when Elsa finds a diary from their mother stating their real reason for their parents ' fatal trip . Determined to seek answers , Anna postpones her wedding and travels to the Enchanted Forest ( known as Misthaven in Arendelle ) . Anna meets David , a friend of Kristoff 's , and trains him in swordsmanship so he can defend his farm from the evil warlord Bo Peep . Following Bo Peep 's defeat , David gives Anna his horse and David 's mother gives Anna the name of Rumplestiltskin , a powerful wizard who she believes can give her the answers she is looking for . Anna visits Rumplestiltskin ( Robert Carlyle ) who tells her that the King and Queen of Arendelle came to him , and he will tell her what they said if she administers a potion to an old man . Anna is afraid the potion is poison and pours it into the old man 's fire . She returns to Rumplestiltskin 's lair and lies , saying she has given the man the potion , and quickly learns it was an antidote , not a poison . In not giving him the drink , Anna has broken her deal with Rumplestiltskin and subjected the man to turn into a mouse . The deal , when broken , meant that Anna had to be Rumplestiltskin 's slave — but , alas , Anna gets control of the dagger that controls him , and orders him to never harm her or her sister , and to send her back home with Rumplestiltskin 's weapon , a magic @-@ stealing hat . Back in Arendelle , Anna admits to Kristoff that Rumplestiltskin told her that her parents were afraid of Elsa . She does not tell this to Elsa , but is shocked to see that Elsa is learning to control her power — due to a new woman by the name of Ingrid ( Elizabeth Mitchell ) , who claims she is their mother 's sister and also has magic snow powers like her sister Elsa . Anna never knew their mother had a sister , so she is immediately skeptical . She goes to meet Grand Pabbie and the rock trolls to find out if this is the truth . While purchasing supplies at Oaken 's shop , Anna runs into Belle ( Emilie de Ravin ) and they become friends . Together , they journey to the rock trolls , where Anna learns that her mother had two sisters named Ingrid and Helga , but Grand Pabbie changed everyone 's memory in all of Arendelle . On the return journey back to the castle , Anna and Belle run into Ingrid . Ingrid sees that Anna has Rumplestiltskin 's magic @-@ stealing hat and believes she will betray her , so she grabs hold of Anna and imprisons her . Ingrid tells Anna that she has nothing in common with either her or Elsa as she has no magic as they , and now Ingrid must replace her . Eventually , Anna reunites with her sister , helps Ingrid see the errors of her ways , and marries Kristoff .
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Like most Zouave regiments , the men of the 11th New York were fashioned in uniforms not typical of the standard ensemble of a Union soldier . During their service , the 11th New York wore two different style of uniforms , the first issued during the forming of the regiment and the second shortly before the Battle of Bull Run . The initial uniforms were purchased with funds donated by the Union Defense Committee . They were based on Ellsworth 's own design . The consisted of light gray jackets of a chasseur style , with dark blue and red trim along with gray trousers of a <unk> material with a blue stripe running down the seam , and tan leather leggings . Along with their gray uniforms , they wore red kepis with a blue band and also received a red fez with a blue tassel , military @-@ issue shirt and / or overshirts . Many Zouaves went off to war wearing the fire badge of their respective fire company . Contrary to modern art prints , the Fire Zouaves did not go off to war wearing fireman 's belts or paint mottos on their fezzes . The second uniform was issued when the first , not made of quality materials , fell apart on most men . This uniform was issued by the federal government , and to the disgust of the men , was not of the true Zouave style , but an American Zouave style . The new uniform had a dark blue Zouave jacket with red cuffs and red trimming with sky blue trimming inside the red . Blue fezzes with blue tassels were issued to provide greater flair to the uniform , as well as dark blue sashes , an issue of red overshirts ( not firemen 's shirts ) , and dark blue trousers . Before the First Battle of Bull Run , most of the Zouaves left their jackets in camp due to the July heat , however , they all retained their blue and red fezzes , and their red blue banded kepis . A number of <unk> were also issued to the regiment . Before the regiment departed from New York City on April 29 , 1861 , its members were reviewed by General John Adams Dix , Ambassador Cassius Marcellus Clay of Kentucky , as well as other notable members of the city and its fire department . Soon after , they marched through the streets escorted by 5 @,@ 000 firemen . Along the way , they received from the fire department a large white flag measuring 68 inches ( 1 @.@ 7 m ) by 54 inches ( 1 @.@ 4 m ) to serve as the regimental colors . The wife of John Jacob Astor II also presented the unit with a flag . Unbeknownst to the regiment , Washington D.C. had postponed their departure because they did not comply with army regulations . John E. Wool , commander of the Department of the East , knew of the postponement , but allowed the men to disembark , unaware the steamer Baltic carried no provisions . Quartermaster Arthur quickly purchased five @-@ day rations , by paying a higher price , and hired three tug boats to catch the steamer to deliver them . The Baltic arrived in Annapolis , Maryland where the men boarded a train to Washington , D.C ..
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Around 8 @.@ 30 pm on 14 September , miscreants pelted stones at the chapel of Padua Pre @-@ university College , a Christian college located at Nanthoor , badly damaging its windows . Around 9 @.@ 30 pm , miscreants badly damaged a statue located in front of Carmelites ' house in <unk> , near <unk> . The Church of St. Sebastian in Permannur was badly damaged , including its windows and furniture . The Holy Cross Church at Kulshekar and St. Joseph , The Worker Church at Vamanjoor were also damaged . Police reports confirmed that Our Lady 's Grotto at <unk> Technical Institute and properties at the Infant Jesus Higher Primary School and Mary Hill Convent were also damaged by the miscreants on the night of 14 September . K. A. Abraham , pastor of Divine Deliverance Prayer Centre at <unk> in <unk> , claimed that over 25 miscreants had attacked his prayer hall , and they were reported to have smashed the window panes , ransacked equipment and set a motorcycle and car on fire . Later , in the early hours of 15 September , individuals broke into the St. George Church belonging to the Syro Malabar Catholic Rite of the Belthangady Diocese in <unk> , Dakshina Kannada district , 70 km from Mangalore and burned the Bible , the carpet , prayer books and desecrated holy icons . <unk> also ransacked the St. Thomas Church in <unk> in Chikkamagaluru district . Seven or eight masked men arriving on scooters were reported to have desecrated the large statue of St. Antony at St. Ann 's Friary on Jail Road in Bejai , throwing flower pots to smash its glass covering . The official report into the attacks later claimed that the Bajrang Dal were the likely suspects for the attacks on churches in Chikkamagaluru district , including the Christian Believers ' Prayer Hall , <unk> Church in <unk> and Carmel <unk> <unk> in Kudremukh , and had also harassed people gathered at <unk> High School in Mangalore . Several people also reportedly invaded the house and prayer meeting of a neo @-@ convert in <unk> of <unk> taluk . Other areas affected by the attacks include <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , Jayapura , <unk> , Thokottu , Bantwal , Belthangady , Udupi , <unk> , <unk> , Karkala , <unk> , <unk> and <unk> . Individuals were also targeted during the event ; in <unk> , two men and two children were attacked by a Hindu mob near <unk> Bridge while on their way to their hometown in a private car , and in Kalladka , the Souza Textile owner and his wife were attacked by unidentified people . Two separate stabbing incidents were also reported in Kalladka , and the two men affected were admitted to hospital with serious injuries .
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The Lincoln Highway , one of the earliest marked highways across the country , split in two over the Sierra Nevada . The main route followed the present I @-@ 80 alignment over Donner Pass , but an alternate " Pioneer Branch " , designated as part of the initial routing in 1913 , turned south at Reno , Nevada to Carson City and then crossed the Sierras via Johnson Pass and the Placerville route . Contrary to the Lincoln Highway Association 's policy of marking the most direct route , this deviation was explained simply as " for those tourists desiring to see Lake Tahoe " . However , it actually became shorter in 1921 , when the Fallon Cut @-@ off opened from Carson City directly east to the main route near Fallon , bypassing Reno . The U.S. Highway system was created in 1926 , and this route ( along with the main Lincoln Highway east of the cutoff ) became part of U.S. Route 50 . ( The Donner Pass route was U.S. Route 40 , crossing Nevada on the Victory Highway . ) US 50 initially ended in Sacramento , where motorists could follow US 40 ( Victory Highway ) southwest to the San Francisco Bay Area or turn south over US 99 to Stockton and take US 48 ( Lincoln Highway ) west over Altamont Pass . Originally , US 48 was a road connecting the San Francisco Bay area with the San Joaquin Valley , traveling from San Jose to near Modesto , largely following the future routing of US 50 , which replaced US 48 . Its western terminus was located near the present location of the Interstate 238 / Interstate 880 interchange . It generally followed the route of current Interstate 580 to the Interstate 205 junction . From here , US 48 continued east on Interstate 205 , then followed Old Highway 50 ( present I @-@ 205 Bus . ) through Tracy , thence to Interstate 5 . It then followed Interstate 5 to SR 120 , where US 48 followed SR 120 to the old location of the SR 99 / SR 120 interchange ( present day intersection of Main and Yosemite in <unk> ) , the location of its eastern terminus . At this time , US 50 was improved but unpaved east of Placerville . As part of the state project to pave this portion , the old road was bypassed in several areas , completing the final two @-@ lane alignment . These realignments included Broadway , bypassing Smith Flat Road , at Smith Flat ( 1932 ) , a new route around Slippery Ford Grade east of Strawberry ( 1931 ) , and a new route through South Lake Tahoe , leaving behind Pioneer Trail ( 1931 ) . The crossing of the Sierra crest at Johnson Pass was bypassed in 1940 by a better @-@ quality route over Echo Summit ; the lower part of the current road east of the summit opened in 1947 , bypassing Meyers Road . West of Placerville , several major two @-@ lane relocations were built . A bypass ( now Mother Lode Drive ) around El Dorado and the winding Forni Road was completed in 1938 , and the improvement was extended west to Shingle Springs in 1947 . A short relocation north of White Rock , between Bidwell Street and Bass Lake Road , opened in 1940 , and was extended west beyond Hazel Avenue , bypassing Folsom , in 1949 .
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That arrangement did not last long , and by February 1936 , Briskin 's role at the studio was changing . While still with the same title , he was no longer subservient to Kahane , having full control over all RKO production . In February 1936 Briskin was mentioned along with a handful of other producers as being in such demand that they could write their own ticket , the others mentioned included Thalberg , David O. Selznick , Darryl F. Zanuck , Hunt Stromberg , and Sol Wurtzel . By April of that year , Briskin was putting his mark on RKO . He purchased quite a few properties , signed numerous actors , and lured successful producers to the studio , such as Edward Small . Later that year , RKO gained the rights to the successful Irish play , The Plough and the Stars , by playwright Seán O 'Casey . This led to Briskin being responsible for bringing Barry Fitzgerald to Hollywood for his American film debut . Fitzgerald was one of four members of the play 's original cast at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin , who Briskin signed to appear in the film version of the same name . By the middle of the year , RKO was solidly Briskin 's , with the full backing of studio head Leo Spitz , This led to Kahane , who had been with the studio since its inception , resigning in August , several months prior to the expiration of his contract , and heading to a vice @-@ presidency at Columbia . For the upcoming 1936 – 37 production season , Briskin announced that he intended to have at least three star @-@ caliber performers in each film . In September , Briskin was elected to the AMPAS board of governors , along with several others including Clark Gable , Darryl Zanuck , and Cecil B. DeMille . The following month , Briskin initiated a policy wherein the younger players under contract to RKO could appear in stage productions in stock and little theater companies for short periods , in order for the actors to gain experience . Also in October , Briskin was chosen to succeed Louis B. Mayer as chairman of the motion picture community chest . In 1936 Briskin led RKO to its most productive year up to that date . Before the end of the year , a new medium was being introduced , television . When asked about the threat this new entertainment source might pose to the film industry , Briskin thought that TV would actually help films . He felt that it might be the " ... greatest thing that could happen to the industry . " <unk> that " ... 10 years ago when radio broadcasting began many feared people would sit at home with earphones and listen to the free radio entertainment . Instead , the movies have had their best years since radio broadcasting came in ... " In December , reports began to surface that he was up for a long term contract at RKO , however , due to an impending reorganization , he was only given a one @-@ year extension , with a promise of a long @-@ term deal once the reorganization was complete . Briskin made the decision to begin color films at RKO . He was also responsible for bringing the Poverty Row producer , Maury M. Cohen , into RKO .
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Because of the significant changes made by her translators , Austen was received as a different kind of novelist on the Continent than in Britain . For example , the French novelist Isabelle de Montolieu translated several of Austen 's novels into a genre in which Montolieu herself wrote : the French sentimental novel . In Montolieu 's Pride and Prejudice , for example , vivacious conversations between Elizabeth and Darcy were replaced by decorous ones . Elizabeth 's claim that she has " always seen a great similarity in the turn of [ their ] minds " ( her and Darcy 's ) because they are " unwilling to speak , unless [ they ] expect to say something that will amaze the whole room " becomes " Moi , je garde le silence , parce que je ne sais que dire , et vous , parce que vous <unk> vos traits pour <unk> avec effet . " ( " Me , I keep silent , because I don 't know what to say , and you , because you excite your features for effect when speaking . " ) As <unk> and <unk> explain in their essay on Austen translations , " the equality of mind which Elizabeth takes for granted is denied and gender distinction introduced " . Because Austen 's works were seen in France as part of a sentimental tradition , they were overshadowed by the works of French realists such as Stendhal , Balzac , and Flaubert . German translations and reviews of those translations also placed Austen in a line of sentimental writers , particularly late Romantic women writers . However , a study of other important dimensions of the French translations , such as free indirect discourse ( FID ) do much to nuance our understanding of Austen 's initial " aesthetic " reception with her first French readership . Austen uses a narrative technique known as free indirect discourse ( FID ) to represent Anne Elliot 's consciousness in Persuasion . Indeed , the portrayal of the heroine 's subjective experience is central to its narration . The frequent use of FID imbues <unk> 's narrative discourse with a high degree of subtlety , placing a huge burden of interpretation on Austen 's first translators . Recent studies demonstrate that FID from Persuasion was translated extensively in Montolieu 's La Famille Elliot . Indeed , Montolieu was aware of the propensity of Austen 's narrator to delve into the heroine 's psychology in Persuasion as she comments on this in the Preface to La Famille Elliot . She characterises it as " almost imperceptible , delicate nuances that come from the heart " : des nuances <unk> presque <unk> qui <unk> du fond du cœur , et dont miss <unk> <unk> avait le secret plus qu <unk> autre <unk> . Montolieu 's extensive translations of Austen 's FID demonstrate that she was in fact one of Austen 's first critical readers , whose own finely nuanced reading of Austen 's narrative technique meant that her first French readers could also share in Anne Elliot 's psychological drama in much the same way that her English readership could .
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Postbellum criticism of Longstreet claims that he was ordered by Lee to attack in the early morning and that his delays were a significant contributor to the loss of the battle . However , Lee agreed to the delays for arriving troops and did not issue his formal order for the attack until 11 a.m. Although Longstreet 's motivations have long been clouded by the vitriol of the Lost Cause partisans ( see Legacy ) , many historians agree that Longstreet did not aggressively pursue Lee 's orders to launch an attack as early as possible . Biographer Jeffry D. Wert wrote , " Longstreet deserves censure for his performance on the morning of July 2 . He allowed his disagreement with Lee 's decision to affect his conduct . Once the commanding general determined to assail the enemy , duty required Longstreet to comply with the vigor and thoroughness that had previously characterized his generalship . The concern for detail , the regard for timely information , and the need for preparation were absent . " Military historians Herman Hattaway and Archer Jones wrote , " <unk> about the attack , Longstreet consumed so much time in properly assembling and aligning the corps that the assault did not commence until 4 p.m. During all the time that passed , Meade continued to move in troops to bring about a more and more complete concentration ; by 6 p.m. he had achieved numerical superiority and had his left well covered . " Campaign historian Edwin Coddington presents a lengthy description of the approach march , which he described as " a comedy of errors such as one might expect of inexperienced commanders and raw militia , but not of Lee 's " War Horse " and his veteran troops . " He called the episode " a dark moment in Longstreet 's career as a general . " Gettysburg historian Harry Pfanz concluded that " Longstreet 's angry dissidence had resulted in further wasted time and delay . " David L. Callihan , in a 2002 reassessment of Longstreet 's legacy , wrote , " It is appalling that a field commander of Longstreet 's experience and caliber would so cavalierly and ineptly march and prepare his men for battle . " An alternative view has been expressed by John Lott , " General Longstreet did all that could be expected on the 2nd day and any allegations of failing to exercise his duty by ordering a morning assault can be repudiated . It would have been impossible to have commenced an attack much earlier than it occurred , and it is doubtful that the Confederacy could have placed the attack in any more secure hands than General Longstreet . " But Longstreet 's command of the operation had for the most part , been reasonable , since taking the route he should have would have alerted the whole Union army of his assault . Regardless of the controversy regarding the preparations , however , once the assault began around 4 p.m. , Longstreet pressed the assault by McLaws and Hood ( Pickett 's division had not yet arrived ) competently against fierce Union resistance , but it was largely unsuccessful , with significant casualties .
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O 'Malley dies in the premiere of the sixth season , due to injuries sustained by being hit by a bus , and Stevens later departs Seattle after being diagnosed with cancer and following a lack of communication between her then husband Karev following the Seattle Grace merger with Mercy West . Several new characters are introduced as Seattle Grace Hospital merges with Mercy West . Residents April Kepner and Jackson Avery both transfer to Seattle Grace Hospital from Mercy West , and the latter entertains a brief relationship with Lexie Grey , until she reunites with Mark Sloan . Subsequently , Teddy Altman is introduced as the new Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery . In the season six finale , a deceased patient 's grieving husband embarks on a shooting spree at the hospital , injuring Karev , Shepherd , and Hunt , and killing residents Charles Percy and Reed Adamson . In the shooting 's emotional reverberations , Hunt and Yang abruptly marry , not wanting to risk separation . Torres and Robbins eventually wed , officiated by Bailey . In season eight , Webber steps down and allocates his job to Hunt . As the final year of residency for Meredith , Yang , Karev , Avery , and Kepner is coming to a close , the doctors are all planning to relocate to different hospitals to pursue their specialty careers . However , all plans are put on hold when several doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital are engaged in a plane crash , which kills Lexie and endangers Meredith , Shepherd , Yang , Robbins , and Sloan . At the conclusion of the eighth season , Altman is courteously fired by Hunt as she struggles to decide whether or not to take the job as Chief at the United States Army Medical Command ( MEDCOM ) . In the season nine premiere , Sloan dies due to sustained injuries from the plane crash following a brief relapse of temporary health ( the surge ) and the remaining characters work through their post traumatic stress and Arizona Robbins ' loss of limb by way of suing Seattle Grace Mercy West as the hospital was responsible for putting the surgeons on the plane . The season continues with the struggle of the lawsuit and the animosity that it creates within the hospital , Yang and Hunt eventually divorce in order to help the lawsuit . Robbins cheats on Torres with a visiting facial reconstruction specialist . The doctors who were on the plane won the lawsuit , but the pay out bankrupts the hospital . They all club together and buy Seattle Grace Mercy West , with the help of the Harper Avery Foundation , and they become the Board of Directors , once being called the " Grey @-@ Sloan 7 " . One of the changes they implement is renaming the hospital to Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital . Grey 's Anatomy then concluded its 10th season on ABC and saw the departure of one of its major players , Cristina Yang , played by Sandra Oh . Towards the end of the eleventh season , Derek Shepherd witnesses a car accident and pulls over to help the injured , but his car is hit by a truck with him inside as he attempts to leave the scene . He later dies at another hospital following the doctors ' mishandling of his injuries . The season 12 finale saw the departure of one of the show 's longest running characters , Callie Torres , played by Sara Ramirez .
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The 2nd and 13th rock edicts of Ashoka ( 273 – 232 BCE ) refers to the Pandyas , Cholas , Cheras and the <unk> . According to the edicts , these kingdoms lay outside the southern boundary of the Mauryan Empire . The <unk> inscription of the Kalinga King , Kharavela , ( c . 150 BCE ) refers to the arrival of a tribute of jewels and elephants from the Pandyan king . It also talks about a league of Tamil kingdoms that had been in existence 113 years before then . The earliest epigraphic records of the Tamil country in Tamil Nadu were found in <unk> village near Madurai . The cave inscriptions , deciphered in 1966 , have been dated to 2nd century BC and record the gift of a monastery by Pandyan king Nedunj Cheliyan to a Jain monk . These inscriptions are also the oldest Jain inscriptions in South India and among the oldest in all of India . References to Sangam age Chera dynasty are found in Tamil @-@ Brahmi inscriptions of 3rd century CE found on rocks in <unk> hill in Wynad district of Kerala . The ancient port city of <unk> is mentioned in inscriptions found in <unk> village near Madurai . The early part of the 20th century saw the discovery of about 39 inscriptions in a dozen locations , all near Madurai . The most significant of these were the ones at <unk> and <unk> . The <unk> inscriptions , dated to the 1st century BCE , record the endowments made by a group of merchants from Madurai . Another set of inscriptions from the 2nd century CE , found at <unk> village near Karur , document the construction of a rock shelter by a Chera king of the Irumporai line for a Jain monk , <unk> . Cave inscriptions at <unk> , dated to the 4th century , provide evidence for the cultivation of music and dance in the Tamil country . One of the earliest inscriptional evidence of the chieftains of the Sangam age was found at <unk> , a village near the town of <unk> in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu . These inscriptions belonging to the 1st century CE record the grants made by the chieftain <unk> <unk> <unk> who ruled from <unk> . According to epigraphist I. Mahadevan , there were some reservations initially , about the linguistic details in the inscriptions , but further investigations have confirmed their authenticity . Inscriptions from the 2nd century CE found at <unk> village in Tirunelveli district contain a reference to a <unk> , which could mean an assembly of learned persons or an institution of higher learning . An inscription belonging to the early Cholas has been discovered near Tiruchirappalli and has been dated between the 2nd and 4th century . An analysis of the geographical sites of these cave inscriptions points to the possibility of the Tamil @-@ Brahmi script having been created at Madurai around the 3rd century BCE and its <unk> to other parts of Tamil country thereafter .
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In 2006 , Norton starred in three films : Down in the Valley , as a dangerous drifter affecting to be a <unk> , The Illusionist , which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and later became a sleeper hit when it went into general release , and The Painted Veil , for each of which he won an award . In 2010 , Norton appeared in two films again : in Leaves of Grass , as estranged identical twins ( one a small @-@ time drug dealer and the other a Harvard professor ) ; and in Stone , which reunited Norton with his The Score cast @-@ mate Robert De Niro , and in which Norton plays a convict trying to con his parole officer ( De Niro ) into an early release . In 2008 , Norton starred in New Line Cinema 's Pride and Glory , as an honest detective assigned to investigate the precinct run by his older brother . The film was not well received by critics , not strongly supported by the studio , and despite also starring Colin Farrell and Jon Voight , its worldwide grosses totaled only $ 31 @.@ 1 million , against a production budget of $ 30 million . Norton played himself in a cameo role in the experimental comedy show Stella , and made another comedic television appearance on the Emmy award @-@ winning ABC show Modern Family in 2010 , playing a fictional member of real life ' 80s new wave band Spandau Ballet . In The Bourne Legacy , he played the antagonist Eric <unk> . Norton has also done uncredited script work on some of the films he appeared in specifically The Score and Frida . In 2000 , Norton made his directorial debut , Keeping the Faith . He had a reputation of being a perfectionist and managed to receive final cut of American History X , clashed with the director while shooting Red Dragon , and ( with the director ) clashed with the studio during the shooting of The Incredible Hulk ( and refused to do promotion for it ) . In 2013 , Norton starred in The Lonely Island 's music video , " Spring Break Anthem , " alongside Andy Samberg , Zach <unk> , James Franco , Akiva Schaffer and Jorma <unk> . The video premiered on Funny or Die 's Between Two Ferns during a segment between <unk> and Franco . In 2014 , Norton played Mike Shiner , a prickly Broadway actor in the black comedy film Birdman and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the role . On February 20 , 2014 , it was announced that Norton was directing Motherless Brooklyn . In June 2014 , Norton 's Class 5 Films and <unk> Entertainment acquired the film rights to the non @-@ fiction article American Hippopotamus , by Jon Mooallem , about the meat shortage in the U.S. in 1910 and the attempts made by Major Frederick Russell Burnham , Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne and Congressman Robert Broussard to import hippopotamuses into the Louisiana bayous and to convince Americans to eat them . The film will highlight the Burnham - Duquesne rivalry , two famous spies who had previous been under orders to assassinate each other . Norton , William <unk> and Brett Ratner will produce this feature film .
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Seldom hesitating to use herself as the butt of her own jokes , Fey is also well known for practicing self @-@ deprecating humor , as demonstrated throughout her performance as Liz Lemon in 30 Rock . In an article ranking Fey 's six greatest jokes , David Renshaw of The Guardian wrote that the performer 's work continues to feature her " trademark mix of snark , self @-@ deprecation and pop @-@ culture smarts . " Fey 's self @-@ deprecating comedic style inspired Ashley Fetters of The Atlantic to recognize her as comedian Phyllis Diller 's successor because of their similar humor . Critics have been divided in their opinions and discussions of Fey 's use of self @-@ deprecating humor , and its effect on women as a female comic ; while blogger Kate Harding disapproved of Fey 's performance in 30 Rock because " I 'm torn between being sad that she apparently doesn 't see [ beauty ] in herself and being pissed off that she 's reinforcing the idea that having brown hair , glasses , and a figure that 's maybe a size 2 instead of a 0 actually equals ugly " , Jessica G. of Jezebel defended the actress , writing that Fey 's performance is " supposed to be parodying precisely the kinds of media that reinforce ideas that unconventional women are unworthy . " Writing that Harding misunderstood Fey 's intentions , the author concluded that her self @-@ deprecation " is precisely what makes her relatable " , elaborating that " [ women ] have many moments of self @-@ doubt , and seeing someone as successful as Tina Fey be self @-@ deprecating gives us all permission to be imperfect . " Sophie Caldecott of Verily defended Fey 's modesty and tendency to downplay her own physical appearance : " She mocks her own appearance , sure , but she does so in a way that consistently shows up our culture for placing so much importance on how women look , as if that ’ s the most interesting thing about us ... Her comic persona on 30 Rock , Liz Lemon , can be laughed at for many things , but her career managerial style and ability is not one of them . " Caldecott concluded , " In reality , self @-@ deprecation is an art that comedians everywhere dabble in ... In fact , I defy you to find a good male comedian who isn ’ t a master of self @-@ deprecation . Comedians make fun of themselves for many reasons , mostly because it is the most readily accessible source of inspiration but also because it is the most generous one . " Observing that Fey 's material lacks " whining " , Gina <unk> of the Hartford Courant wrote that Fey 's comedy " is not simply an iteration of self @-@ deprecating femininity passing itself off as humor . In itself , this demarcates the current generation of female humorists from earlier generations of performers who were told , more or less , to use themselves not as a sounding board for ideas but as a punching bag for insults . "
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As the last chord of the " Sgt. Pepper " reprise plays , an acoustic guitar strumming offbeat quavers begins , introducing what Moore describes as " one of the most harrowing songs ever written " . " A Day in the Life " consists of four verses by Lennon , a bridge , two aleatoric orchestral crescendos and an interpolated middle part written and sung by McCartney . The first crescendo serves as a segue between the third verse and the middle part , leading to a bridge known as the " dream sequence " , which features Lennon 's vocalisations . In Martin 's opinion , the " vocal wailings " , which are treated with tape echo and slowly panned from right to left and back again before suddenly ending in the left speaker , contribute to the song 's " reception as a ' marijuana dream ' " . The accompanying brass section loudly indicates the end of the sequence and the start of the fourth and final verse , after which the song enters the last crescendo before finishing with a piano chord that is allowed to fade out for nearly a minute . The idea to use an orchestra was McCartney 's ; he drew inspiration from the avant @-@ garde composers John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen . The 24 @-@ bar crescendos feature forty musicians selected from the London and Royal Philharmonic Orchestras and tasked with filling the space with what Womack describes as " the sound of pure apocalypse " . Martin notes Lennon 's request for " a tremendous build @-@ up , from nothing up to something absolutely like the end of the world " . Lennon recalled drawing inspiration for the lyrics from a newspaper : " I was writing the song with the Daily Mail propped up in front of me at the piano ... there was a paragraph about 4000 [ pot ] holes in Blackburn , Lancashire " . He strongly disliked the sound of his own voice and often asked for generous amounts of tape echo to be added to his vocal in an effort to bury it deep in the mix . For " A Day in the Life " , he wanted his voice to sound like Elvis Presley on " Heartbreak Hotel " . Martin and Emerick obliged by adding 90 milliseconds of echo . Womack describes Starr 's performance as " one of his most inventive drum parts on record " , a part that McCartney encouraged him to attempt despite his protests against " flashy drumming " . The thunderous piano chord that concludes the track and the album was produced by recording Lennon , Starr , McCartney and Evans simultaneously sounding an E major chord on three separate pianos ; Martin then augmented the sound with a harmonium . Riley characterises the song as a " postlude to the Pepper fantasy ... that sets all the other songs in perspective " , while shattering the illusion of " Pepperland " by introducing the " parallel universe of everyday life " . MacDonald describes the track as " a song not of disillusionment with life itself , but of disenchantment with the limits of mundane perception " . According to him , it " remains among the most penetrating and innovative artistic reflections of its era " , representing the Beatles ' " finest single achievement " .
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Eagle @-@ owls are distributed somewhat sparsely but can potentially inhabit a wide range of habitats , with a partiality for irregular topography . They have been found in habitats as diverse as northern coniferous forests to the edge of vast deserts . Essentially , Eurasian eagle @-@ owls have been found living in almost every climatic and environmental condition on the Eurasian continent , excluding the greatest extremities , i.e. they are absent from humid rainforest in Southeast Asia as well as the high Arctic tundra , both of which they are more or less replaced by other variety of Bubo owls . They are often found in the largest numbers in areas where cliffs and ravines are surrounded by a scattering of trees and bushes . However , grassland areas such as alpine meadows or desert @-@ like steppe can also host them so long as they have the cover and protection of rocky areas . The preference of eagle @-@ owls for places with irregular topography has been reported in most known studies . The obvious benefit of such nesting locations is that both nests and daytime roosts located in rocky areas and / or steep slopes would be less accessible to predators , including man . Also , they may be attracted to the vicinity of riparian or wetlands areas , due to the fact that the soft soil of wet areas is conducive to burrowing by the small , terrestrial mammals normally preferred in the diet , such as voles and rabbits . Due to their preference for rocky areas , the species is often found in mountainous areas and can be found up to elevations of 2 @,@ 100 m ( 6 @,@ 900 ft ) in the Alps and 4 @,@ 500 m ( 14 @,@ 800 ft ) in the Himalayas and 4 @,@ 700 m ( 15 @,@ 400 ft ) in the adjacent Tibetan Plateau . However , they can also be found living at sea @-@ level and may nest amongst rocky sea cliffs . Despite their success in areas such as sub @-@ arctic zones and mountainous that are frigid for much of the year , warmer conditions seem to result in more successful breeding attempts per studies in the Eifel region of Germany . In a study from Spain , areas primarily consisting of woodlands ( 52 % of study area being forested ) were preferred with pine trees predominating the oaks in habitats used , as opposed to truly mixed pine @-@ oak woodland . Pine and other coniferous stands are often preferred in great horned owls as well due to the constant density , which make it more likely to overlook the large birds . However , in mountainous forest , they are not generally found in enclosed wooded areas , as is the tawny owl ( Strix <unk> ) . Only 2 @.@ 7 % of the habitat included in the territorial ranges for eagle @-@ owls per the habitat study in Spain consisted of cultivated or agricultural land . On the other hand , compared to golden eagles , they can visit cultivated land more regularly in hunting forays due to their nocturnal habits , which allows them to largely evade human activity . In the Italian Alps , it was found that almost no pristine habitat remained and locally eagle @-@ owls nested in the vicinity of towns , villages and ski resorts .
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Sebastian Vettel 's dominant run was derailed in Abu Dhabi when his car was found to have insufficient fuel after qualifying and he was subsequently moved to the back of the grid . As Lewis Hamilton led the race away from the start , Vettel started from pit lane and took advantage of a chaotic opening corner that saw Nico Hülkenberg , Paul di Resta , Romain Grosjean and Bruno Senna tangle ; Hülkenberg was forced out , while di Resta and Grosjean pitted with damage . Vettel began to round up the <unk> , Marussias and Caterhams , but his early progress came at the expense of his front wing endplate when he made contact with Senna at Turn 8 switchback . He chose not to pit for the time being , as the race was interrupted by the intervention of the safety car . Nico Rosberg , who had been forced to pit with damage to his front wing , was in the process of overtaking Narain Karthikeyan as Karthikeyan 's car began to fail and the Indian quickly slowed . Rosberg , caught unawares by Karthikeyan 's troubles , was launched over the back of the HRT and into the barrier . During the safety car period , Vettel was forced to pit when he swerved to avoid Daniel Ricciardo and crashed into the polystyrene bollard marking the start of the DRS zone , further damaging his wing . Red Bull Racing took the opportunity to pit him early , with the downside being that Vettel would have to do 42 laps on the soft tyre when supplier Pirelli predicted they could only do 36 . Meanwhile , Hamilton suffered another mechanical failure while leading the race , and was once again forced out , handing the lead to Kimi Räikkönen while Fernando Alonso inherited second . Vettel began to work his way through the field again , but was forced to make a second stop when his tyres started losing grip . He was saved by the second appearance of the safety car moments later , brought about when di Resta forced Sergio Pérez wide ; as Pérez rejoined the circuit , he cut back across the front of Grosjean and the two made contact , which in turn forced Grosjean into the path of Mark Webber . Grosjean and Webber retired , whilst Pérez was given a stop @-@ go penalty . When racing resumed , Räikkönen began to rebuild his lead over Alonso , who was being harried by Jenson Button ; Button himself was being harried by Vettel in fourth . Button and Vettel 's duel allowed Alonso to break free , and he started chasing down Räikkönen in the last five laps . Räikkönen held on to secure his — and Lotus F1 's — first victory of the season . Alonso was second , while Vettel caught and passed Button to complete the podium , keeping a ten @-@ point championship lead in the process . With both Alonso and Vettel finishing on the podium with him , Räikkönen 's win was not enough to keep him in contention for the World Drivers ' Championship , leaving the title to be fought out between Alonso and Vettel over the final two races of the season .
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K. Fulford , A. Smirnov , and E. Snow state : " An important vulnerability factor , therefore , for the abuse of psychiatry , is the subjective nature of the observations on which psychiatric diagnosis currently depends . " The concerns about political abuse of psychiatry as a tactic of controlling dissent have been regularly voiced by American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz , and he mentioned that these authors , who correctly emphasized the value @-@ laden nature of psychiatric diagnoses and the subjective character of psychiatric classifications , failed to accept the role of psychiatric power . Musicologists , drama critics , art historians , and many other scholars also create their own subjective classifications ; however , lacking state @-@ legitimated power over persons , their classifications do not lead to anyone 's being deprived of property , liberty , or life . For instance , plastic surgeon 's classification of beauty is subjective , but the plastic surgeon cannot treat his or her patient without the patient 's consent , therefore , there cannot be any political abuse of plastic surgery . The bedrock of political medicine is coercion masquerading as medical treatment . What transforms coercion into therapy are physicians diagnosing the person 's condition a " illness , " declaring the intervention they impose on the victim a " treatment , " and legislators and judges <unk> these categorizations as " illnesses " and " treatments . " In the same way , physician @-@ eugenicists advocated killing certain disabled or ill persons as a form of treatment for both society and patient long before the Nazis came to power . Szasz argued that the spectacle of the Western psychiatrists loudly condemning Soviet colleagues for their abuse of professional standards was largely an exercise in hypocrisy . Psychiatric abuse , such as people usually associated with practices in the former USSR , was connected not with the misuse of psychiatric diagnoses , but with the political power built into the social role of the psychiatrist in democratic and totalitarian societies alike . <unk> and legally fit subjects for involuntary mental hospitalization had always been " dissidents . " It is the contents and contours of dissent that has changed . Before the American Civil War , dissent was constituted by being a Negro and wanting to escape from slavery . In Soviet Russia , dissent was constituted by wanting to " reform " Marxism or emigrate to escape from it . As Szasz put it , " the classification by slave owners and slave traders of certain individuals as Negroes was scientific , in the sense that whites were rarely classified as blacks . But that did not prevent the " abuse " of such racial classification , because ( what we call ) its abuse was , in fact , its use . " The collaboration between psychiatry and government leads to what Szasz calls the " Therapeutic State " , a system in which disapproved actions , thoughts , and emotions are repressed ( " cured " ) through <unk> interventions . Thus suicide , unconventional religious beliefs , racial bigotry , unhappiness , anxiety , shyness , sexual promiscuity , shoplifting , gambling , overeating , smoking , and illegal drug use are all considered symptoms or illnesses that need to be cured .
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Research based on data from longitudinal studies , such as the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and the Minnesota Study of Risk and <unk> from Birth to Adulthood , and from cross @-@ sectional studies , consistently shows associations between early attachment classifications and peer relationships as to both quantity and quality . Lyons @-@ Ruth , for example , found that " for each additional withdrawing behavior displayed by mothers in relation to their infant 's attachment cues in the Strange Situation Procedure , the likelihood of clinical referral by service providers was increased by 50 % . " There is an extensive body of research demonstrating a significant association between attachment organizations and children 's functioning across multiple domains . Early insecure attachment does not necessarily predict difficulties , but it is a liability for the child , particularly if similar parental behaviours continue throughout childhood . Compared to that of securely attached children , the adjustment of insecure children in many spheres of life is not as soundly based , putting their future relationships in jeopardy . Although the link is not fully established by research and there are other influences besides attachment , secure infants are more likely to become socially competent than their insecure peers . Relationships formed with peers influence the acquisition of social skills , intellectual development and the formation of social identity . Classification of children 's peer status ( popular , neglected or rejected ) has been found to predict subsequent adjustment . Insecure children , particularly avoidant children , are especially vulnerable to family risk . Their social and behavioural problems increase or decline with deterioration or improvement in parenting . However , an early secure attachment appears to have a lasting protective function . As with attachment to parental figures , subsequent experiences may alter the course of development . Studies have suggested that infants with a high @-@ risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders ( ASD ) may express attachment security differently from infants with a low @-@ risk for ASD . Behavioral problems and social competence in insecure children increase or decline with deterioration or improvement in quality of parenting and the degree of risk in the family environment . Some authors have questioned the idea that a taxonomy of categories representing a qualitative difference in attachment relationships can be developed . Examination of data from 1 @,@ 139 15 @-@ month @-@ olds showed that variation in attachment patterns was continuous rather than grouped . This criticism introduces important questions for attachment typologies and the mechanisms behind apparent types . However , it has relatively little relevance for attachment theory itself , which " neither requires nor predicts discrete patterns of attachment . " There is some evidence that gender differences in attachment patterns of adaptive significance begin to emerge in middle childhood . Insecure attachment and early psychosocial stress indicate the presence of environmental risk ( for example poverty , mental illness , instability , minority status , violence ) . Environmental risk can cause insecure attachment , while also favouring the development of strategies for earlier reproduction . Different reproductive strategies have different adaptive values for males and females : Insecure males tend to adopt avoidant strategies , whereas insecure females tend to adopt anxious / ambivalent strategies , unless they are in a very high risk environment . Adrenarche is proposed as the endocrine mechanism underlying the reorganization of insecure attachment in middle childhood .
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There were many technical and scientific writings during the Song period . The two most eminent authors of the scientific and technical fields were Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) and his contemporary Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) . Shen Kuo published his Dream Pool Essays in 1088 AD , an enormous encyclopedic book that covered a wide range of subjects , including literature , art , military strategy , mathematics , astronomy , meteorology , geology , geography , metallurgy , engineering , hydraulics , architecture , zoology , botany , agronomy , medicine , anthropology , archeology , and more . As for Shen Kuo 's equally brilliant peer , Su Song created a celestial atlas of five different star maps , wrote the 1070 AD pharmaceutical treatise of the Ben Cao Tu Jing ( Illustrated Pharmacopoeia ) , which had the related subjects of botany , zoology , metallurgy , and mineralogy , and wrote his famous horological treatise of the Xin Yi Xiang Fa Yao in 1092 AD , which described in full detail his ingenious astronomical clock tower constructed in the capital city of Kaifeng . Although these two figures were perhaps the greatest technical authors in their field during the time , there were many others . For producing textiles , Qin Guan 's book of 1090 AD , the Can Shu ( Book of Sericulture ) , included description of a silk @-@ reeling machine that incorporated the earliest known use of the mechanical belt drive in order to function . In the literary field of agronomy , there was the Jiu Huang Huo Min Shu ( The Rescue of the People ; a Treatise on Famine Prevention and Relief ) edited by Dong Wei in the 12th century , the Cha Lu ( Record of Tea ) written by Cai Xiang in 1060 AD , the Zhu Zi Cang Fa ( Master Zhu on Managing Communal Granaries ) written by Zhu Xi in 1182 AD , and many others . There were also great authors of written works pertaining to geography and cartography during the Song , such as Yue Shi ( his book in 983 ) , Wang Zhu ( in 1051 ) , Li <unk> ( in 1080 ) , Chen <unk> ( in 1111 ) , Ouyang Wen ( in 1117 ) , and Zhu Mu ( in 1240 ) . Although an early form of the local geographic gazetteer existed in China since the 1st century , the matured form known as " treatise on a place " , or fangzhi , replaced the old " map guide " , or tujing , under the Song . The major differences between the two were that fangzhi were products of local initiative and decision @-@ making , were typically ten to fifty chapters in length , and were almost always printed for a large audience , whereas tujing were products of infrequent demands from the central government and were typically only four chapters long . The widespread availability of printing in the Song allowed many ordinary people to access materials that were once read almost exclusively by experts , such as printed texts and handbooks on agriculture , childbirth , pharmacy and medicine , domestic economics , geography , divination , and Taoist rituals .
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Expectations before the Australian tour were low after the confusion of the 1954 summer and some controversial selections . Trueman , Jim Laker and Tony Lock , part of the winning 1953 team , were omitted ; Colin Cowdrey and Vic Wilson were included . Hutton further downplayed his team 's chances through exaggerating its inexperience to the Australian press ; newspapers were already sympathetic to Hutton as a professional captain of a class @-@ driven country . The team began the tour well . Hutton made a series of good scores in the opening games . But for the first Test , Hutton did not include a spinner in the team and chose to bowl on winning the toss , an unusual strategy in Australia . The home side scored 601 , England dropped 12 catches and , with the key players Evans and Compton injured , lost by an innings ; the press blamed Hutton for choosing to bowl . Despite the result , Hutton saw potential in Frank Tyson 's bowling and arranged for Alf Gover , a respected coach who was in Australia as a journalist , to improve and shorten Tyson 's run to the wicket . For the second Test , Hutton left out the unfit Alec Bedser , England 's most reliable bowler since the war , to include two spinners , but in a low @-@ scoring game , Tyson made the difference and England won by 38 runs . Hutton was unwell before the third Test , suffering from fibrositis and a heavy cold , and had to be persuaded out of bed by members of his team . He decided to play at the last minute and unexpectedly left out Bedser again , although he was fit to play . Hutton neglected to inform Bedser , who only learned of his omission when he saw the team list displayed in the dressing room before the match . Hutton contributed few runs , but Cowdrey and Peter May made large scores and Tyson took seven wickets as Australia were bowled out for 111 in their second innings , giving England a 128 @-@ run victory . The fourth Test was crucial , and Hutton 's innings of 80 runs in four @-@ and @-@ a @-@ half hours was the highest of the game . Wisden believed Hutton 's tactics were instrumental in giving his team the upper hand , and in the final innings , England needed 94 to win and retain the Ashes . Early wickets , including Hutton 's , fell to Miller , and when the captain returned to the dressing room , he said that Miller had " done us again . " Compton , the next man in , replied " I haven 't been in yet " , and stayed at the wicket until the match was won by five wickets . Many commentators viewed this as a sign that Hutton 's reserve had slipped in the critical situation , but Alan Gibson believes it was a deliberate ploy to inspire Compton . England went on to draw the final Test in a match ruined by rain . Hutton was out to the fourth ball of the match , but Australia were forced to follow on for the first time by England since 1938 , and Hutton took a wicket with the last ball of the match before time ran out . This ended the series , which England won 3 – 1 .
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