Referees’ home-bias in football disappears without audience: study
> Conclusion<p>> We can see that referees’ bias towards away sides has completely changed without an audience in stadiums.<p>> Previously, away sides used to get more yellow cards in all leagues, and they also had an inferior fouls to cards ratio. However, without an audience, the disparity has disappeared, and in fact, the trend has reversed in some leagues.<p>Um, where is the analysis explaining why these circumstances are concluded to be evidence of differential <i>referee</i> treatment of (identical) behavior by the soccer players rather than identical referee treatment of differential behavior by <i>the soccer players</i>? This seems like an enormous premise that—correct or not—is accepted without a moment’s consideration.