What the Dunning-Kruger effect is and isn’t (2010)
Doesn't seem to be any discussion of Nuhfer's findings, which showed that you could recreate the effect with just random data. The bias comes from the process of manipulating normalized data:  <a href="https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/numeracy/vol10/iss1/art4/" rel="nofollow">https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/numeracy/vol10/iss1/art4/</a>