Why Most Unit Testing is Waste [pdf]
I'm back in Java-land these days, which is culturally very pro-unit testing. After getting exposed to it again for a few months again I've come to side with the author here. I've never really been comfortable with the amount of time certain people dedicate to unit testing, especially the TDD crowd, but in my hiatus something has arisen in popularity which has made it all the worse: mockito.<p>Prior to mockito, unit testing was (more or less) limited to testing that your methods behaved as expected, and would occasionally expose NullPointerExceptions or other exceptional conditions. Dependent objects were either simplified or simply ignored.  With the rise of mock object frameworks, however, your tests specifically say "this method on this mock will be called X number of times, with this result". Mind you, this is all happening in the context of another method call. So, for example, if you were testing the method "calculateDueDate", and that method took a DateTime object, your test might look like this:<p><pre><code>        @Before
        public void setup() {
            MyClass myClass = new MyClass();
            DateTime mockDateTime = mock(DateTime.class);
        }   

        @Test
        public void specificDueDateShouldBeTenDaysFromNow() {
            DateTime result = myClass.calculateDueDate(mockDateTime);
            verify(mockDateTime, times(2)).getHour(); // contrived
        }   
</code></pre>
The problem with this is that the tests become obstacles in the way of refactoring the code. Should you decide that you don't want to use the DateTime library any longer you will have to not just change the code which is using it but the tests as well. Or what if, going back to the example above, you decided not to use the getHour() method any more? Every test referencing that will have to be changed. And changing those tests is very likely to be more involved than changing the code under test, because there frequently are more tests than code. This has a negative impact on the design of the application. Because companies rarely dedicate resources to making existing software better purely for its own sake, you tend to have to do what you can when you can. This means your time is limited to make that refactor, or upgrade that library, or do whatevever change it is that needs to be done. Unit tests, especially those that use mocks, can get in the way of this to such an extent as to make such efforts impossible.<p>I think testing is important. I do not, however, share the belief that is the sole, or even primary, determinant of code quality. In fact, an over reliance on unit testing can <i>easily</i> be a net negative. Should unit tests be thrown out? No. Baby with the bathwater and all that. But they should not be viewed as a silver bullet, either. They're not. They can help, but they can hurt.