What Satoshi Did Not Know (2015) [pdf]
With the benefit of hindsight, the biggest thing Satoshi didn't know (or didn't foresee) was that the idea of "one CPU, one vote" was flawed, a victim of its own success, because of mining ASICS.<p>A consequence of that is that bitcoin and related cryptocurrencies really aren't as decentralized as claimed.<p>It's fascinating how things just seem to have a way of becoming centralized once enough money is involved, even when engineers thought hard about how to avoid that (see also: the internet).