JAX – NumPy on the CPU, GPU, and TPU
It took me a while to realize it, but Jax is actually a huge opportunity for a lot of scientific computing.  Jax was originally developed as a more flexible platform for doing machine learning research.  But Jax's real superpower is that it bundles XLA and makes it really easy to run computations on GPU or TPU.  And huge swathes of scientific computation basically run large scale vectorized computations.<p>When I was in astronomy (about a decade ago) I did large scale simulations of gravitational interactions.  But at the time all these simulations were done on CPU.  Some of the really big efforts used more specialized chips, but it was a huge effort to write the code for it.<p>But today with Jax, if you want to write an N-body simulation of a globular cluster, you can just code it up in numpy and it'll run on a GPU for free and be about 1000x faster.  From what I can tell though, very few people in the sciences have caught on yet.