Cryogenically frozen RAM bypasses disk encryption methods (2008)
There has been some more recent work on this lately:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.dfrws.org&#x2F;2016eu&#x2F;proceedings&#x2F;DFRWS-EU-2016-7.pdf" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.dfrws.org&#x2F;2016eu&#x2F;proceedings&#x2F;DFRWS-EU-2016-7.pdf</a><p>Essentially, with newer RAM (DDR3), the location things end up on the physical chip is scrambled to improve reliability:<p>&gt; Storage of bit streams which are strongly biased towards
zero or one can lead to a multitude of practical problems:
Modification of data within such a biased bit stream can
lead to comparatively high peak currents when bits are
toggled. These current spikes cause problems in electronic
systems such as stronger electromagnetic emission and
decreased reliability. In contrast, when streams without
DC-bias are used, the current when working with those
storage semiconductors is, on average, half of the expected
maximum.<p>So once you image the RAM you have to figure out the scrambling and undo it.<p>Related: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;IAIK&#x2F;DRAMA" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;IAIK&#x2F;DRAMA</a>