Multiplying and dividing with Hindu-Arabic numerals and with Roman ones
Thank you for this:<p>&quot;I would point out, as I have already done in my nineteenth-century style over long title, that one should call them Hindu-Arabic numerals, as although we appropriated them from the Islamic Empire, they in turn had appropriated them from the Indians, who created them.&quot;<p>&quot;The Hindu-Arabic number system developed sometime in the early centuries CE and our first written account of it is from the Indian mathematician, Brahmagupta, in his Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (“Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma“) written c. 628 CE. It came into Europe via Al-Khwārizmī’s treatise, On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals from 825 CE, which only survives in the 12th-century Latin translation, Algoritmi de numero Indorum.&quot;<p>You wouldn&#x27;t believe me if I said so but in Indian schools we were taught it to be &quot;Arabic numerals&quot; with no context of the origin of the modern-day numeral system. I&#x27;m not sure if this has changed in the recent years but that is what I was taught anyways. As a child I assumed that the origin of the modern-day numeral system was thanks to the Arabs. It was this whitewashing of anything &quot;Hindu&quot; that really surprises me (especially in a country like India with 70% Hindu populace). It&#x27;s almost as if Hindus never contributed anything to the field of Science. It was quite later in my life that I was able to read up various articles online and realize that most Mathematical concepts originated from India.