US companies are producing heat pumps that work below -20F
&gt; “additional efforts are needed to address common technical and market barriers to wider adoption by consumers – which include performance at temperatures of 5F and below, installation challenges, and electricity grid impacts during peak demand periods.”<p>There are definite market barriers at play. In my house in New England, I tried to replace my aged boiler with an air-to-water heat pump (after carefully verifying, via experiments during a cold week in February, that my heat distribution would indeed work fine at a supply of 130°F). Only one company was even willing to come out and provide a quote and their quote was around 2.5x the costs of &quot;put another boiler in&quot;, such that the payback period would be &quot;literally never&quot;.<p>If, after doing the research to find out about them and specifically seeking one out, I couldn&#x27;t manage to make an air-to-water heat pump make sense, I doubt that very many of them are being sold. I suspect it&#x27;s one of those items that, if more were sold, more firms would sell&#x2F;install them, bringing the costs into the realm of economically reasonable (and lowering the risk of having a difficult-to-support heating plant in the decades to come).