We are clueless about how long things should take
All the research indicates that software developers are terrible at estimating <i>time</i>, but are fairly accurate at estimating <i>relative effort</i>. The only reliable method is to break down projects into the smallest deliverable &quot;chunks&quot; that you can, and then estimate the relative effort of those &quot;chunks&quot; compared to actual, concrete tasks that the team has completed in the past. After doing this for a while, you can use these relative effort estimates to project completion dates for new projects. This is what agile &quot;story points&quot; are supposed to represent, but many teams unfortunately end up with things like &quot;2 points = 1 week&quot;, which just doesn&#x27;t work.<p>If you use this method, it&#x27;s <i>absolutely critical</i> that the team always focus on relative effort, and not on time. If you want it to continue to work, you also have to be very careful how you communicate with team members regarding their progress and estimated completion dates - don&#x27;t tell them that their component is &quot;late&quot; - this will make them think in terms of time next time you&#x27;re estimating something, and will ruin your estimates.