Xerox PARC Mesa Programming Language 5.0 (1979) [pdf]
Mesa was later replaced by the more modern Cedar programming language integrated with Tioga programming and desktop environment by Xerox, after they&#x27;ve evaluated few languages for potential replacement including Lisp for the later part of the 80s and 90s [1],[2],[3].<p>Apple and Microsoft copied their modern GUI desktop idea from Xerox in the 70s but interestingly nobody has copied the excellent Cedar&#x2F;Tioga programming environment until today.<p>[1] A Description of the Cedar Language:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.microsoft.com&#x2F;en-us&#x2F;research&#x2F;publication&#x2F;description-cedar-language&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.microsoft.com&#x2F;en-us&#x2F;research&#x2F;publication&#x2F;descrip...</a><p>[2] Eric Bier Demonstrates Cedar:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;z_dt7NG38V4" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;z_dt7NG38V4</a><p>[3] The Tioga Editor:<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bitsavers.org&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;xerox&#x2F;parc&#x2F;cedar&#x2F;Cedar_7.0&#x2F;07_The_Tioga_Editor_1987.pdf" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bitsavers.org&#x2F;pdf&#x2F;xerox&#x2F;parc&#x2F;cedar&#x2F;Cedar_7.0&#x2F;07_T...</a>