As debt levels rise, more Thais struggle to keep up
Street vendors tending to their stalls in Bangkok. Thai households are among the biggest borrowers in Asia and private consumption accounts for half of Thailand's $669 billion gross domestic product. Debtors could feel more pain as the Thai central bank has hinted that it is likely to raise interest rates.PHOTO: EPA-EFE
Aug 31, 2018, 5:00 am SGT
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Q2 consumer debt up 8% from last year; $508b debt about 3/4 of Thailand's GDP
Business owner Pimpa Panlao, 31, is struggling to pay off an 80,000 baht (S$3,340) bank loan and spends a third of her income from selling women's accessories at a Bangkok market to repay the loan.
"Business is bad and it's very tough when you have debt," Ms Pimpa told Reuters, who used part of the loan to finance her business. She is not alone.
With a debt mountain of 12.17 trillion baht (S$508 billion) at the end of March, or about three-quarters of gross domestic product (GDP), Thai households are among the biggest borrowers in Asia and they are finding it increasingly difficult to keep up with payments.
In addition, their debt pain could increase because the Thai central bank has signalled it is likely to follow other central banks around the world and raise interest rates from near record lows.
Non-performing mortgages, defined as those that have not been serviced in more than three months, were 3.39 per cent of total home loans at the end of the second quarter, the highest level since the end of the global financial crisis in 2009.
Auto loans that have been delinquent for one to three months rose to 7.25 per cent at the end of June, the highest since September last year, and compared with 6.97 per cent at the end of March.
With a debt mountain of 12.17 trillion baht (S$508 billion) at the end of March, or about three-quarters of gross domestic product, Thai households are among the biggest borrowers in Asia and they are finding it increasingly difficult to keep up with payments.
Private consumption is a critical element driving the Thai economy, accounting for half of its US$490 billion (S$669 billion) GDP.
Consumers continued to borrow at a robust pace in the second quarter, when overall consumer debt rose 8 per cent from a year earlier. That included a 6.2 per cent rise in mortgage loans and a 12.4 per cent jump in car loans.
But the risk is that an increasing debt burden will drag on South-east Asia's second-largest economy.
The latest GDP figures for the second quarter showed the economy's expansion slowing down from the first quarter, although the state planning agency, the National Economic and Social Development Board, kept its 2018 growth forecast unchanged at 4.2 to 4.7 per cent.
But economists said expansion remains heavily reliant on exports as the high levels of household debt weigh on consumers. That was underlined by a central bank index that showed private consumption did not grow in June from May.
JMT Network Services, Thailand's top unsecured consumer debt collector, expects consumer debt to rise further this year, with housing loans making up half of the total.
"As consumer loans increase, bad debt will also rise. Now we also see more secured loans, particularly home loans, turning sour. We are buying more of that too," said Mr Sutthirak Traichira-aporn, chief executive of JMT, which buys bad loans and provides debt collection services in Thailand. JMT predicts a 30 per cent rise in profit this year on top of last year's record profit.
The firm manages 3.2 million distressed debt accounts worth 128 billion baht and aims to amass more this year, Mr Sutthirak said.
"We can buy any bad debt we want in the market. It's very big, much bigger than us," he said.
Struggling debtor Rosukon Chakkrapongwan fears she may lose her house as she struggles to keep up payments on a 4 million baht home loan she took up three years ago.
"It was not a problem two years ago. But this year, business is very bad as people don't spend," said the 44-year-old trader, who earns 30,000 baht a month selling cosmetics. More than half of that goes towards paying off her debt.
"I have failed to service my debt for three months now".
She also fears the worst if the central bank raises interest rates.
"This would make life even more difficult. I don't know if I can keep my house," she said.
A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Straits Times on August 31, 2018, with the headline 'As debt levels rise, more Thais struggle to keep up'. Print Edition | Subscribe