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136 Biographies
Time Period 1900-present 1500-1899 1000-1499 500-999 0-499 CE 500-1 BCE Before 500 BCE
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Italian statesman and writer
Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman, secretary of the Florentine republic, whose most famous work, The Prince (Il Principe), brought him a reputation as an atheist…...
French historian and political writer
Alexis de Tocqueville, political scientist, historian, and politician, best known for Democracy in America, 4 vol. (1835–40), a perceptive analysis of the political and social system of the United States…...
Benedict Anderson
Irish political scientist
Benedict Anderson, Irish political scientist, best known for his influential work on the origins of nationalism. Anderson's family heritage crosses national lines. Benedict inherited his name from his…...
American political scientist
Hannah Arendt, German-born American political scientist and philosopher known for her critical writing on Jewish affairs and her study of totalitarianism. Arendt grew up in Hannover, Germany, and in Königsberg,…...
Kenneth N. Waltz
American political scientist and educator
Kenneth N. Waltz, American political scientist and educator best known as the originator of the neorealist (or structural realist) theory of international relations. Waltz was drafted into the U.S. Army…...
Robert A. Dahl
Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist and educator. A leading theorist of political pluralism, Dahl stressed the role in politics played by associations, groups, and organizations. Dahl was a graduate…...
István Bibó
Hungarian political scientist and sociologist
István Bibó, Hungarian political scientist, sociologist, and expert on the philosophy of law. Bibó became a role model for dissident intellectuals in the late communist era. Bibó came from a Calvinist…...
Samuel P. Huntington
Samuel P. Huntington, American political scientist, consultant to various U.S. government agencies, and important political commentator in national debates on U.S. foreign policy in the late 20th and early…...
Harold Joseph Laski
British political scientist
Harold Joseph Laski, British political scientist, educator, and prominent member of the British Labour Party who turned to Marxism in his effort to interpret the "crisis in democracy" in Britain during…...
American writer and political theorist
Francis Fukuyama, American writer and political theorist, perhaps best known for his belief that the triumph of liberal democracy at the end of the Cold War marked the last ideological stage in the progression…...
Harold Lasswell
Harold Lasswell, influential political scientist known for seminal studies of power relations and of personality and politics and for other major contributions to contemporary behavioral political science.…...
Emily Greene Balch
Emily Greene Balch, American sociologist, political scientist, economist, and pacifist, a leader of the women's movement for peace during and after World War I. She received the Nobel Prize for Peace in…...
Preston Manning
Canadian politician
Preston Manning, Canadian politician who was founder and leader of the Reform Party (1987–2000). Manning was born into a political family. His father, Ernest, was leader of the Alberta Social Credit Party,…...
James Bryce, Viscount Bryce
British statesman
James Bryce, Viscount Bryce, British politician, diplomat, and historian best known for his highly successful ambassadorship to the United States (1907–13) and for his study of U.S. politics, The American…...
Raymond Aron
French sociologist
Raymond Aron, French sociologist, historian, and political commentator known for his skepticism of ideological orthodoxies. The son of a Jewish jurist, Aron obtained his doctorate in 1930 from the École…...
Hans Morgenthau
German-American political scientist
Hans Morgenthau, German-born American political scientist and historian noted as a leading analyst of the role of power in international politics. Educated first in Germany at the Universities of Berlin,…...
Danshaku Katō Hiroyuki
Japanese political theorist and author
Danshaku Katō Hiroyuki, Japanese writer, educator, and political theorist who was influential in introducing Western ideas into 19th-century Japan. After the fall of the shogunate in 1868, he served as…...
Arthur F. Bentley
Arthur F. Bentley, American political scientist and philosopher known for his work in epistemology, logic, and linguistics and for his contributions to the development of a behavioral methodology of political…...
Arnold Brecht
German political scientist
Arnold Brecht, exiled German public servant, who became a prominent political scientist and made major contributions in the area of clarifying scientific theory. After studying at several universities,…...
Seymour Martin Lipset
American sociologist and political scientist
Seymour Martin Lipset, American sociologist and political scientist, whose work in social structures, comparative politics, labour unions, and public opinion brought him international renown. After receiving…...
Sarah Wambaugh
Sarah Wambaugh, American political scientist who was recognized as one of the world's leading experts on the subject of plebiscites. Wambaugh graduated from Radcliffe College, Cambridge, in 1902. She remained…...
V. O. Key, Jr.
V. O. Key, Jr., U.S. political scientist known for his studies of the U.S. political process and for his contributions to the development of a more empirical and behavioral political science. Educated…...
Quincy Wright
Quincy Wright, American political scientist and authority on international law known for classic studies of war and international relations. Wright received his B.A. from Lombard College, Galesburg, Ill.,…...
Axel Brusewitz
Swedish political scientist
Axel Brusewitz, leading Swedish political scientist who was known for authoritative studies of Swedish constitutional history and Swiss popular democracy. Brusewitz resettled in Sweden from Finland with…...
Gabriel Abraham Almond
Gabriel Abraham Almond, American political scientist noted for his comparative studies of political systems and his analysis of political development. Almond received a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago…...
Robert Morrison MacIver
American sociologist
Robert Morrison MacIver, Scottish-born sociologist, political scientist, and educator who expressed belief in the compatibility of individualism and social organization. His creative power to make distinctions…...
Johannes Althusius
Dutch political scientist
Johannes Althusius, German political theorist who was the intellectual father of modern federalism and an advocate of popular sovereignty. After philosophic and legal studies in Switzerland, Althusius…...
Ali Al Amin Mazrui
Kenyan-American political scientist
Ali Al Amin Mazrui, Kenyan American political scientist who was widely regarded as one of East Africa's foremost political scholars. Mazrui, the son of a prominent Islamic judge, received a scholarship…...
Graham Wallas
Graham Wallas, British educator, public official, and political scientist known for his contributions to the development of an empirical approach to the study of human behaviour. Wallas studied at Oxford…...
Morris Janowitz
Morris Janowitz, innovative American sociologist and political scientist who made major contributions to sociological theory and to the study of prejudice, urban issues, and patriotism. His work in political…...
Masao Maruyama
Japanese political scientist and writer
Masao Maruyama, Japanese political scientist, writer, and educator (born March 22, 1914, Osaka, Japan—died Aug. 15, 1996, Tokyo, Japan), as one of Japan's leading political thinkers, helped shape Japanese…...
Frank J. Goodnow
American educator and political scientist
Frank J. Goodnow, educator, long-time president of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and political scientist known for his contributions to the study of public administration. Goodnow earned his law…...
president of India
Shankar Dayal Sharma, Indian lawyer and politician who was president of India from 1992 to 1997. Sharma pursued his higher education at Agra and Lucknow universities. After earning a doctorate in law at…...
Moisey Ostrogorsky
Belarusian political scientist
Moisey Ostrogorsky, Belorussian political scientist known for his pioneering study of comparative party organization. Ostrogorsky studied law at St. Petersburg, and after working for a number of years…...
Hermann Heller
Hermann Heller, German political scientist who was responsible for the revival of political theory in Germany. Heller taught at the universities of Kiel, Leipzig, Berlin, and Frankfurt and left Germany…...
Wawrzyniec Goślicki
Polish bishop
Wawrzyniec Goślicki, Roman Catholic bishop and diplomat whose political writings were precursory to Catholic liberalism. In 1569 he joined the royal chancery and served two Polish kings, Sigismund II Augustus…...
Rudolf Kjellén
Rudolf Kjellén, Swedish political scientist and politician whose conservative theory of the state was influential beyond the borders of Sweden. Kjellén was educated at the University of Uppsala, and he…...
Edward Samuel Corwin
Edward Samuel Corwin, American political scientist and authority on U.S. political and constitutional law. Corwin earned an A.B. from the University of Michigan (1900) and a Ph.D. from the University of…...
Robert McKenzie, Canadian-born British political scientist and television commentator on electoral politics. In the latter role, McKenzie popularized to the British public the word psephology (the study…...
Canadian philosopher
George Grant, Canadian philosopher who achieved national renown with his pessimistic 97-page book, Lament for a Nation: The Defeat of Canadian Nationalism (1965). Grant was educated at Queen's University,…...
Elmer Eric Schattschneider
Elmer Eric Schattschneider, U.S. political scientist and educator known for the study and advocacy of the political party system of government. Schattschneider earned an A.B. at the University of Wisconsin…...
Juan Linz
Spanish-American political scientist
Juan Linz, Spanish American political scientist who was especially known for his examination of democratic and authoritarian governments. Linz was born in Germany to Spanish parents. He obtained a law…...
Leonard Dupee White
American political scientist and historian
Leonard Dupee White, American political scientist and historian who was a leading authority on public administration. White graduated from Dartmouth College and received his Ph.D from the University of…...
Theda Skocpol
American political scientist and sociologist
Theda Skocpol, American political scientist and sociologist. She received a Ph.D. from Harvard University and has since taught at Harvard except for five years at the University of Chicago (1981–86). She…...
Sir Bernard Rowland Crick
British political theorist
Sir Bernard Rowland Crick, British political theorist (born Dec. 16, 1929, London, Eng.—died Dec. 19, 2008, Edinburgh, Scot.), was the author of numerous leftist scholarly studies, notably The American…...
Herbert Lars Gustaf Tingsten
Herbert Lars Gustaf Tingsten, Swedish political scientist and journalist known for his criticisms of socialism and communism. Tingsten was the energetic editor of Dagens Nyheter, Sweden's widely read national…...
Guillermo O'Donnell
Argentine political scientist
Guillermo O'Donnell, Argentine political scientist. He earned a law degree in Argentina and a Ph.D. from Yale University. He taught at universities in South America, Europe, and the United States (principally…...
Harvey Wheeler
Harvey Wheeler, American political scientist and writer (born Oct. 17, 1918, Waco, Texas—died Sept. 6, 2004, Carpinteria, Calif.), was the author of numerous nonfiction political science books but was…...
American professor and literary critic
Edward Said, Palestinian American academic, political activist, and literary critic who examined literature in light of social and cultural politics and was an outspoken proponent of the political rights…...
Sir Isaiah Berlin
British historian
Sir Isaiah Berlin, British philosopher and historian of ideas who was noted for his writings on political philosophy and the concept of liberty. He is regarded as one of the founders of the discipline…...
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