Physical and Ions Sensor
Waterproof Temperature Sensor
Humidity and Environment Temperature Sensor
Communication Standards
SEcube
USEcube
SEcube Board
Previous Attacks on WMCPS
Attacks on Our Emulator
Distance of Physical Intruder, Level of Water in Tank: Output of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor senses unlawful entry into premise of water management cyber physical system if installed on boundary of WMCPS. It also senses the level of water if installed on top of water tank. we shall substract distance of water from height of water tank and find the level of water in tank. This sensor consists of one or more ultrasonic transmitters (basically speakers), a receiver, and a control circuit. The transmitters emit a high frequency ultrasonic sound, which bounce off any thing that has higher density than air. That ultrasonic noise is reflected and detected by the receiver on the sensor. That return signal is then processed by the control circuit to calculate the time difference between the signal being transmitted and received. This half of time difference can subsequently be multiplied with speed of sound i.e. 340 m/s, to calculate the distance in m between the sensor and the reflecting object.
def checkdist():
GPIO.output(16,GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(0.000015)
GPIO.output(16,GPIO.LOW)
while not GPIO.input(18):
t1 = time.time()
while GPIO.input(18):
return (t2-t1)*340/2
GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.OUT,initial=GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.IN)
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor for the Raspberry Pi has four pins: ground (GND), Echo Pulse Output (ECHO), Trigger Pulse Input (TRIG), and 5V Supply (Vcc). The sensor output signal (ECHO) on the HC-SR04 is rated at 5V.
Total Number of Sensor Reading Till Now:
Level of Water at Lake, Purifier, Clean Water, and House Tank
Date Time
2019-02-22 09:56:00 2213 2213 2213 2213
2019-02-22 09:55:50 213 213 213 213
2019-02-22 09:54:17 7 7 7 7
2018-10-08 18:32:19 13 5 5 10
2018-10-08 18:32:05 13 5 7 9
New Data-> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 <-Old Data
A basic ultrasonic sensor consists of one or more ultrasonic transmitters (basically speakers), a receiver, and a control circuit. The transmitters emit a high frequency ultrasonic sound, which bounce off any nearby solid objects. Some of that ultrasonic noise is reflected and detected by the receiver on the sensor. That return signal is then processed by the control circuit to calculate the time difference between the signal being transmitted and received. This half of time difference can subsequently be multiplied with speed of sound i.e. 340 m/s, to calculate the distance in m between the sensor and the reflecting object. Sound consists of oscillating waves through a medium (such as air) with the pitch being determined by the closeness of those waves to each other, defined as the frequency. Only some of the sound spectrum (the range of sound wave frequencies) is audible to the human ear, defined as the "Acoustic" range. Very low frequency sound below Acoustic is defined as "Infrasound", with high frequency sounds above, called "Ultrasound". Ultrasonic sensors are designed to sense object proximity or range using ultrasound reflection, similar to radar, to calculate the time it takes to reflect ultrasound waves between the sensor and a solid object. Ultrasound is mainly used because it's inaudible to the human ear and is relatively accurate within short distances.