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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 15, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Cancer Screening Test Receipt -- United States, 2018"; "CDC's Emergency Management Program Activities -- Worldwide, 2013-2018"; "Assessment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Surveillance -- Pennsylvania, 2019"; "Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccine -- United States, December 14-23, 2020"; "Rates of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff Members in Nursing Homes -- United States, May 25-November 22, 2020"; "'Candida auris' Outbreak in a COVID-19 Specialty Care Unit -- Florida, July-August 2020"; "Mitigation Policies and COVID-19-Associated Mortality -- 37 European Countries, January 23-June 30, 2020"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage of Women Aged 22-44 Years Who Have Ever Cohabited with an Opposite-Sex Partner, by Education -- National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2006-2010 and 2015-2019." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 21 Issue 2, January 14, 2021
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "IAFF [International Association of Fire Fighters] recognizes January as Fire Fighter Cancer Awareness Month"; "Nashville bombing highlights critical communications services provided by FirstNet"; "NOAA [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association] updates wildfire detection and smoke forecasting tools"; "Emergency Services Sector cybersecurity best practices"; and "Cyber Threats."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 13, 2021: COVID-19 Trends Among Persons Aged 0-24 Years -- United States, March 1-December 12, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Trends Among Persons Aged 0-24 Years -- United States, March 1-December 12, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html]
DHS Strategic Action Plan to Counter the Threat Posed by the People's Republic of China: Defending the Homeland in the Era of Great Power Competition
From the Executive Summary: "Though the global security environment has evolved considerably since the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) founding, its fundamental mission has endured: To safeguard the Homeland, its values, and the American way of life. The changing geopolitical landscape, led by the return of great power competition, is nowhere more evident than in the People's Republic of China's (PRC) ascension to the world-stage. [...] As denoted in the 2017 National Security Strategy of the United States (NSS) and 2020 United States Strategic Approach to the PRC (Strategic Approach), DHS and the broader United States Government (USG) have entered into a period of sustained competition against the PRC, requiring continued attention, adaptation, and resourcing to safeguard the American people and Homeland. The American people rely on DHS to play an integral role in the USG's competition with the PRC. The more than 240,000 men and women of the Department stand ready to curb malign PRC activity and the myriad of other challenges. This study, which seeks to more strategically identify, assess, and leverage the Department's unique resources and authorities, reflects these efforts. The DHS China Strategic Action Plan (SAP) is informed by and nests within the NSS and the Strategic Approach, which delineate the United States' strategic approach to PRC through the pursuit of four goals: (1) protecting the American people, the Homeland, and the American way of life; (2) promoting American prosperity; (3) preserving peace through strength; and (4) advancing American interests."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans
Domestic Terrorism and the Attack on the U.S. Capitol [January 13, 2021]
From the Document: "On January 6, 2021, a large group of individuals breached the U.S. Capitol security while Congress was in session. Members were voting on whether or not to certify President-elect Joe Biden's election victory, and many participants in the attack allegedly intended to thwart this effort. According to media coverage, violent participants injured scores of District of Columbia Metropolitan Police and U.S. Capitol Police officers and killed one, while four civilians have died as well. In light of this incident and the violent threat to the operation of the U.S. Congress, policymakers may be interested in whether this incident may be treated as domestic terrorism and if the participants are domestic terrorists, among other issues. This Insight discusses whether or not participants and their actions may be categorized as domestic terrorists and domestic terrorism, respectively, and issues around designating domestic fringe groups, such as the Boogaloo Bois and Proud Boys who were allegedly involved in the attack, as terrorist organizations. It concludes with possible next steps for Congress."
Sacco, Lisa N.
Federal Communications Commission in the Incoming Biden Administration: Issues and New Directions [Updated January 12, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the incoming Biden Administration may take different positions on several key topics than the FCC under the Trump Administration, including Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (Section 230), net neutrality, and 5G [fifth generation technology]. The recent confirmation of President Donald Trump's nominee to join the FCC, Nathan Simington, and Chairman Ajit Pai's resignation on Inauguration Day will leave the agency with a 2-2 split between Democratic and Republican commissioners. The FCC typically has five members, with two commissioners and a chairperson from the President's party. Democrats are due to effectively take control of the Senate majority and would typically be handling an FCC nominee of the incoming President's party. Current commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel has been mentioned as a strong contender for agency chairperson."
Figliola, Patricia Moloney
Materials in Support of H. Res. 24, Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for High Crimes and Misdemeanors: House Judiciary Committee Majority Staff Report
From the Introduction: "The Constitution grants the House of Representatives the 'sole Power of Impeachment,' not merely as a safeguard for the nation between elections, but also in cases where the removal of the President is urgent and necessary to preserve the security of the constitutional order. The House must invoke this power now to impeach President Trump for inciting an insurrection on January 6, 2021. President Trump engaged in high Crimes and Misdemeanors when he urged his supporters to storm the United States Capitol Building and then failed to stop the ensuing violence. His actions marked the culmination of an extensive and unprecedented effort to overturn the results of the presidential election. As alleged in the Article of Impeachment and described in this report, President Trump has acted in a manner grossly incompatible with self-governance and the rule of law. His continued hold on the Office of the Presidency, even for only a few more days, represents a clear and present danger to the United States. [...] Impeachment is not a punishment of prior wrongs, but a protection against future evils. It is true that the President's remaining term is limited--but a President capable of fomenting a violent insurrection in the Capitol is capable of greater dangers still. He must be removed from office as swiftly as the Constitution allows. He must also be disqualified to prevent the recurrence of the extraordinary threat he presents. For these reasons, the House must impeach President Donald J. Trump."
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
U.S. Role in the World: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated January 12, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress regarding the U.S. role in the world, meaning the overall character, purpose, or direction of U.S. participation in international affairs and the country's overall relationship to the rest of the world. The U.S. role in the world can be viewed as establishing the overall context or framework for U.S. policymakers for developing, implementing, and measuring the success of U.S. policies and actions on specific international issues, and for foreign countries or other observers for interpreting and understanding U.S. actions on the world stage. [...] The issue for Congress is whether the U.S. role in the world has changed, and if so, what implications this might have for the United States and the world. Congress's decisions regarding the U.S. role in the world could have significant implications for numerous policies, plans, programs, and budgets, and for the role of Congress relative to that of the executive branch in U.S. foreign policymaking."
O'Rourke, Ronald
MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 12, 2021: Mitigation Policies and COVID-19-Associated Mortality -- 37 European Countries, January 23-June 30, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Mitigation Policies and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-Associated Mortality -- 37 European Countries, January 23-June 30, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html]
[Memorandum for the Joint Force, January 12, 2021]
From the Document: "The American people have trusted the Armed Forces of the United States to protect them and our Constitution for almost 250 years. As we have done throughout our history, the U.S. military will obey lawful orders from civilian leadership, support civil authorities to protect lives and property, ensure public safety in accordance with the law, and remain fully committed to protecting the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic. The violent riot in Washington, D.C. on January 6, 2021 was a direct assault on the U.S. Congress, the Capitol building, and our Constitutional process. We mourn the deaths of the two Capitol policemen and others connected to these unprecedented events. We witnessed actions inside the Capitol building that were inconsistent with the rule of law. The rights of freedom of speech and assembly do not give anyone the right to resort to violence, sedition, and insurrection. As Service Members, we must embody the values and ideals of the Nation. We support and defend the Constitution. Any act to disrupt the Constitutional process is not only against our traditions, values, and oath; it is against the law."
United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff
2021-01-12?
H. Rept. 117-?: Providing for Consideration of the Resolution (H. Res. 24) Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for High Crimes and Misdemeanors, Report to Accompany H. Res ?, January 12, 2021
From the Summary: "The resolution provides for consideration of H. Res. 24, Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors, under a closed rule. The resolution provides two hours of debate equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on the Judiciary or their respective designees. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of H. Res. 24. The resolution provides that until completion of proceedings enabled by the first section of the resolution, (a) the Chair may decline to entertain any intervening motion, resolution, question, or notice; and (b) the Chair may decline to entertain the question of consideration. The resolution provides that upon adoption of H. Res. 24, (a) H. Res. 40 is hereby adopted; and (b) no other resolution incidental to impeachment relating to H. Res. 24 shall be privileged during the remainder of the One Hundred Seventeenth Congress. The resolution provides that H. Res. 8, agreed to January 4, 2021, is amended by striking 'January 28' each place that it appears and inserting 'February 11'."
United States. Government Publishing Office
H. Rept. 117-1: Providing for Consideration of the Resolution (H. Res. 21) Calling on Vice President Michael R. Pence to Convene and Mobilize the Principal Officers of the Executive Departments of the Cabinet to Activate Section 4 of the 25th Amendment to Declare President Donald J. Trump Incapable of Executing the Duties of His Office and to Immediately Exercise Powers as Acting President; and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 38, January 12, 2021
From the Summary: "The resolution provides for consideration of H. Res. 21, Calling on Vice President Michael R. Pence to convene and mobilize the principal officers of the executive departments of the Cabinet to activate section 4 of the 25th Amendment to declare President Donald J. Trump incapable of executing the duties of his office and to immediately exercise powers as acting President, under a closed rule. The resolution provides one hour of debate equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on the Judiciary or their respective designees. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of H. Res. 21."
H. Con. Res. 3: Concurrent Resolution Censuring President Donald J. Trump for Attempting to Overturn the Results of the 2020 Presidential Election Through Unlawful Means and for Inciting Insurrection, January 11, 2021
From the Document: "Whereas President Trump has incited his followers to challenge the election with his baseless claims against the 2020 Presidential election; Whereas, on January 6, 2021, the House of Representatives and Senate met at the United States Capitol in a Joint Session to count the votes of the Electoral College; Whereas, on January 6, 2021, immediately prior to the Joint Session, President Trump spoke to a large crowd in the District of Columbia, where he again raised baseless questions about the legitimacy of the 2020 Presidential election and thereby encouraged the crowd to falsely believe that fraud had occurred."
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2021 Appropriations [Updated January 11, 2021]
From the Summary: "The United States provides foreign assistance to Latin American and Caribbean countries to support development and other U.S. objectives. U.S. policymakers have emphasized different strategic interests in the region at different times, from combating Soviet influence during the Cold War to promoting democracy and open markets, as well as countering illicit narcotics, since the 1990s. The Trump Administration sought to reduce foreign aid significantly and refocus U.S. assistance efforts in some parts of the region to address U.S. domestic concerns, such as irregular migration. For the most part, however, Congress did not adopt the Administration's proposals."
Meyer, Peter J.; Martin, Rachel L.
Strategic Approach for Arctic Homeland Security
From the Executive Summary: "The Department is at a critical inflection point in its nascent history. Forged from the Nation-altering terrorist attacks of 9/11, DHS has grown and evolved during the past two decades to address all threats and hazards to the Homeland. [...] As an Arctic Nation, the United States must protect its citizens, sovereignty, and economic security interests throughout the region while bolstering the sovereignty and security interests of our like-minded allies and partners. [...] This strategic approach outlines DHS's unique role in the region and three goals the Department will endeavor to achieve in it: 1. Secure the Homeland through Persistent Presence and All Domain Awareness; 2. Strengthen Access, Response, and Resilience in the Arctic; and, 3. Advance Arctic Governance and a Rules-Based Order through Targeted National and International Engagement and Cooperation. The Arctic's expanded relevance, coupled with the Department's significant regional investments, requires DHS to have a unified, deliberate, and forward-looking approach. The Strategic Approach for Arctic Homeland Security fully leverages the broad range of DHS authorities, capabilities, capacity and partnerships to achieve the goals laid out in this document."
COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated January 8, 2021]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs; management and technical assistance training programs; and contracting programs. Congressional interest in these programs has always been high, primarily because small businesses are viewed as a means to stimulate economic activity and create jobs, but it has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the national economy. This report provides a brief description of the SBA's programs and examines congressional action to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007- 2009) and during the COVID-19 pandemic."
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Lowry, Sean
EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 21 Issue 1, January 8, 2021
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "DHS S&T's [Science and Technology Directorate] Master Question List for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] offers scientifically informed guidance for government decision-makers"; "First Responder's Toolbox on VBIED [Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device] Preparedness, Recognition and Response"; "DHS's Blue Campaign recognizes National Human Trafficking Awareness Day on January 11"; "National 911 Annual Report released"; "Latest CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection Agency] guidance and directives on SolarWinds Orion software supply chain compromise"; "Recent swatting attacks target residents with camera and voice-capable smart devices"; "Ten benefits of running cybersecurity exercises"; and "Declaring war against cyber negligence".
Defense Primer: The United States Space Force [Updated January 8, 2021]
From the Document: "On December 20, 2019, the United States Space Force (USSF) became the sixth branch of the Armed Forces. The Space Force was established within the Department of the Air Force (DAF) with the enactment of the FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). The Secretary of the Air Force is responsible for organizing, training, and equipping the Space Force and the United States Air Force (USAF), two separate and distinct military uniformed services. The current Chief of Space Operations (CSO) is General John W. 'Jay' Raymond, who serves as the principal uniformed advisor for all space activities to the Secretary of the Air Force."
McCall, Stephen M.
CARES Act Title IV Financial Assistance Ends [January 8, 2021]
From the Document: "Under Title IV of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136), the U.S. Department of the Treasury made loans to specified industries and investments in Federal Reserve programs, authorized until the end of 2020. While Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed cases and deaths continue to reach new highs, financial conditions stabilized shortly after enactment of the CARES Act. This raised the question of whether assistance should be extended at least until the pandemic ended or allowed to expire because financial stability had been restored. The December COVID-19-related relief package (specifically, Division N, Title X, of P.L. 116-260) did not change the year-end expiration date and permanently closed down all but one of the Fed programs backed by CARES funding. In effect, those programs may be revived only by a future act of Congress and not at the Federal Reserve and Treasury Secretary's discretion. This Insight provides some preliminary observations on Title IV assistance."
Labonte, Marc; Scott, Andrew P.
Global Economic Effects of COVID-19 [Updated January 8, 2021]
From the Summary: "In the months since the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak was first diagnosed, it has spread to over 200 countries and all U.S. states. The pandemic has negatively affected global economic growth beyond anything experienced in nearly a century. Estimates so far indicate the virus could reduce global economic growth to an annualized rate of -4.5% to -6.0% in 2020, with a partial recovery of a rate of 2.5% to 5.2% in 2021. [...] The full economic impact of the pandemic likely will remain unclear until the negative health effects peak. This report provides an overview of the global economic costs to date and the response by governments and international institutions to address these effects."
Jackson, James K., 1949-; Weiss, Martin A.; Schwarzenberg, Andres B. . . .
Inauguration Security and Operations [Updated January 8, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Since the 20th Amendment was ratified, the oath of office for President of the United States has been administered every four years at noon on January 20. In 2021, the President-elect Joseph R. Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala D. Harris are to be officially sworn in at noon on Wednesday, January 20. Planning for the 2021 inauguration is being challenged by the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic and the events at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, during Congress's counting and certification of the November 2020 presidential election electoral votes. Inauguration security and operations adjustments to traditional ceremonies, customs, and practices are being made. This In Focus presents information related to 2021 inauguration security and operations based on past inaugural activities and announced activities to date. Additional security details are expected to be implemented due to the Capitol security breach. This document will be updated if they are publicly announced."
Reese, Shawn; Straus, Jacob R.; Finch, Christina Miracle
House of Representatives Vacancies: How Are They Filled? [January 8, 2021]
From the Document: "Vacancies in the office of U.S. Representative occur when an incumbent Member dies, resigns, or leaves office for any reason before the end of their term. Multiple special elections to fill vacancies in the House of Representatives typically take place in each Congress. The same procedures apply if a Representative-elect dies between the election and the day on which the new Congress to which they were elected convenes."
Neale, Thomas H.
USMCA: Labor Provisions [Updated January 8, 2021]
From the Document: "The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) entered into force on July 1, 2020, replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). USMCA establishes new and updated provisions on the protection of worker rights and enforcement of labor commitments. Congress approved implementing legislation for USMCA (H.R. 5430) on December 19, 2019. President Trump signed the legislation into law on January 29, 2020 (P.L. 116-113). The protection of worker rights and the enforceability of labor provisions were a major congressional concern throughout the USMCA negotiations and remained an issue after the three countries concluded the agreement in September 2018."
Villarreal, M. Angeles; Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.
Regulating Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) [January 8, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Detections of unregulated contaminants (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS] and 1,4-dioxane) in public water supplies have raised questions about the quality of drinking water and increased congressional interest in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) efforts to regulate contaminants under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Congress enacted SDWA in 1974 to address the quality of public drinking water supplies and protect public health. A key part of the act is the authority for EPA to regulate contaminants in public water supplies. [...] This report discusses the SDWA provisions relevant to how EPA evaluates contaminants to determine whether a contaminant warrants a 'national primary drinking water regulation' (NPDWR), provides an overview of the regulatory development process, and analyzes certain issues that may affect implementation of this section. In addition to the agency's work related to contaminant regulation, EPA has issued other SDWA regulations applicable to public water systems. These include regulations to reduce lead content in drinking water pipes and plumbing and to increase consumer information and public notification about drinking water quality and compliance. The report is primarily limited to EPA's implementation of the process outlined in SDWA Section 1412 'National Drinking Water Regulations' for evaluating contaminants for regulation."
Humphreys, Elena H.
MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 8, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Predicted Heart Age Among Cancer Survivors -- United States, 2013-2017"; "Time from Start of Quarantine to SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Positive Test Among Quarantined College and University Athletes -- 17 States, June-October 2020"; "Assessment of Day-7 Postexposure Testing of Asymptomatic Contacts of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Patients to Evaluate Early Release from Quarantine -- Vermont, May-November 2020"; "Opening of Large Institutions of Higher Education and County-Level COVID-19 Incidence -- United States, July 6-September 17, 2020"; "Participation in Fraternity and Sorority Activities and the Spread of COVID-19 Among Residential University Communities -- Arkansas, August 21- September 5, 2020"; "'QuickStats': Percentage of Adults Aged ≥20 Years Who Had Taken Any Dietary Supplement in the Past 30 Days, by Sex and Family Income -- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2017-2018." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Protection of Federal Government Officials [Updated January 8, 2021]
From the Overview: "In the aftermath of the breach of the U.S. Capitol security on January 6, 2021--while a joint session of Congress was counting and certifying the 2020 presidential election electoral votes--and in response to increased political tension across the nation, there is renewed congressional interest in protective details for government officials. Attacks against political leaders and other public figures have been an ongoing security issue in the United States. Since the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) started protecting Presidents in 1906, seven assaults or assassination attempts have occurred, with one resulting in a death (President John F. Kennedy). Prior to USSS protection, three sitting Presidents had been assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, and William McKinley). In addition, official records and news accounts show that there have been at least 20 attacks against Members of Congress since 1789."
Reese, Shawn; Nagel, Jared C.
Azerbaijan and Armenia: The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict [January 7, 2021]
From the Introduction: "In autumn 2020, a six-week war fundamentally reshaped the dynamics of a decades-old conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh (or Mountainous Karabakh, also known in Armenian as Artsakh) and surrounding territories internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. [...] This report focuses on the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict, the autumn 2020 war, and related U.S. policy. It first provides brief historical background and then discusses the post-1994 conflict resolution process and the relationships of Azerbaijan and Armenia with regional powers Russia and Turkey. In addition, the report provides analysis of the autumn 2020 war, the November 2020 cease-fire agreement, and the war's domestic impact in Armenia and Azerbaijan. The report then discusses U.S. responses to the war, longer-term U.S. policy toward the conflict, and the role of Congress."
Welt, Cory; Bowen, Andrew S.
Employee Retention and Employee Retention and Rehiring Tax Credits [January 7, 2021]
From the Document: "The March 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) included an employee retention tax credit designed to help businesses retain employees during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency. The credit was modified and expanded in December 2020, becoming the employee retention and rehiring tax credit, in the COVID-related Tax Relief Act of 2020 (enacted as Subtitle B to Title II of Division N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; P.L. 116-260)."
Sherlock, Molly F.
Budget Reconciliation Process: Stages of Consideration [Updated January 7, 2021]
From the Summary: "The purpose of the reconciliation process is to enhance Congress's ability to bring existing spending, revenue, and debt limit laws into compliance with current fiscal priorities and goals established in the annual budget resolution. In adopting a budget resolution, Congress is agreeing upon its budgetary goals for the upcoming fiscal year. Because it is in the form of a concurrent resolution, however, it is not presented to the President or enacted into law. As a consequence, any statutory changes concerning spending or revenues that are necessary to implement these policies must be enacted in separate legislation. Budget reconciliation is an optional congressional process that operates as an adjunct to the budget resolution process and occurs only if reconciliation instructions are included in the budget resolution. Reconciliation instructions are the means by which Congress can establish the roles that specific committees will play in achieving these budgetary goals. Reconciliation consists of several different stages, which are described in this report."
Lynch, Megan Suzanne; Saturno, James
Defense Primer: Procurement [Updated January 7, 2021]
From the Background: "While the common use of the word procurement implies a process of obtaining goods or services, national security practitioners generally use the word to refer to a specific title within the annual National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) and defense appropriations legislation."
Peters, Heidi M.; McGarry, Brendan W.