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Surfin ' Bird - wikipedia <H1> Surfin ' Bird </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Surfin ' Bird '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover art for the 7 - inch single `` Surfin ' Bird '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Trashmen </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Surfin ' Bird </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` King of the Surf '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 13 , 1963 ( 1963 - 11 - 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1963 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Surf rock </Li> <Li> garage rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Garrett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Al Frazier </Li> <Li> Carl White , Sonny Harris </Li> <Li> Turner Wilson Jr . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jack Bates </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Trashmen singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Surfin ' Bird '' ( 1963 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bird Dance Beat '' ( 1964 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Surfin ' Bird '' ( 1963 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bird Dance Beat '' ( 1964 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Surfin ' Bird '' is a song performed by American surf rock band The Trashmen , and it is also the name of the album that featured this hit single . </P> <P> The song was released in 1963 and reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 . It is a combination of two R&B hits by The Rivingtons : `` Papa - Oom - Mow - Mow '' and `` The Bird 's the Word '' . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Album track listing <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Side 1 </Li> <Li> 2.2 Side 2 </Li> <Li> 2.3 Bonus tracks ( CD ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Covers </Li> <Li> 5 Media portrayal <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Pink Flamingos </Li> <Li> 5.2 Full Metal Jacket </Li> <Li> 5.3 Family Guy </Li> <Li> 5.4 The Big Year </Li> <Li> 5.5 Birdz </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Cultural appearances <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Family Guy </Li> <Li> 6.2 Major League Baseball </Li> <Li> 6.3 Subway </Li> <Li> 6.4 Ferdinand ( film ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Rivingtons followed up their 1962 Billboard Hot 100 hit `` Papa - Oom - Mow - Mow '' with the similar `` The Bird 's the Word '' in 1963 . The Trashmen had not heard this version but saw a band called The Sorensen Brothers playing it . They decided to play the song that night at their own gig . During this first performance , drummer and vocalist Steve Wahrer stopped playing and ad - libbed the `` Surfin ' Bird '' middle section . Despite not knowing `` The Bird 's the Word '' was a Rivingtons song , the similarity to `` Papa - Oom - Mow - Mow '' was obvious and The Trashmen added the chorus to the end of their new track . </P> <P> A local disc jockey , Bill Diehl , was at the gig and convinced the band to record the track . It was recorded at Kay Bank Studios in Minneapolis . Diehl entered it into a local battle of the bands competition and it won . It was then sent to a battle of the bands competition in Chicago where it also won . This led to the group being signed to Garrett Records with the single being quickly released . It reportedly sold 30,000 copies in its first weekend before going on to national success , reaching No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Wahrer was originally credited as the song 's writer , but that was changed to the Rivingtons ( Al Frazier , Carl White , Sonny Harris , and Turner Wilson Jr . ) after the group successfully sued the Trashmen for plagiarism . </P> <H2> Album track listing ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Side 1 ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> `` Surfin ' Bird '' ( Al Frazier / Sonny Harris / Carl White / Turner Wilson ) -- 2 : 23 </Li> <Li> `` King of the Surf '' ( Larry LaPole ) -- 2 : 30 </Li> <Li> `` Henrietta '' ( Jimmy Dee / Larry Hitzfeld ) -- 2 : 35 </Li> <Li> `` Miserlou '' ( Milton Leeds / Nicholas Roubanis / Bob Russell / Fred Wise ) -- 2 : 08 </Li> <Li> `` Malagueña '' ( Ernesto Lecuona ) -- 2 : 35 </Li> <Li> `` It 's So Easy '' ( Buddy Holly / Norman Petty ) -- 2 : 06 </Li> </Ol> <H3> Side 2 ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> `` Tube City '' ( Steve Wahrer ) -- 3 : 23 </Li> <Li> `` My Woodie '' ( Larry LaPole ) -- 1 : 55 </Li> <Li> `` Bird Bath '' ( Dan Darnold / Dal Winslow ) -- 2 : 37 </Li> <Li> `` Kuk '' ( Bob Demmon / Rich Fifield / Jim Gallagher / Dennis Lindsey ) -- 2 : 05 </Li> <Li> `` Money '' ( Janie Bradford / Berry Gordy , Jr . ) -- 3 : 12 </Li> <Li> `` Sleeper '' ( Larry LaPole ) -- 2 : 33 </Li> </Ol> <H3> Bonus tracks ( CD ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> `` Surfin ' Bird '' ( demo version ) </Li> <Li> `` Bird

The phrase "Bird is the Word" originated in

When did bird is the word come out?

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me , these - whatever you want to call them - `` remakes '' or `` reimaginings '' are , I think , a fantastic sign that we have ( ... ) this property that is worth something , and I think that 's incredibly exciting and incredibly positive . </P> <P> Aside from transposing the story to the present day , a number of changes to the material were made in Irwin 's script , notably the adaptation of the kangaroo hunt from the novel and film ( which controversially featured footage of real kangaroos being shot ) to a hunt for feral pigs . Although this was partially due to practical and ethical reasons regarding animal cruelty , Stenders felt that such a change `` just seemed to make perfect sense . The feral pig problem in Australia has become a devastating one that is seriously affecting rural communities , and the pig shoot provided us with the perfect setting and context for our version of the sequence '' . Ironically , Evan Jones ' script for the original film had also adapted the kangaroo hunt as a pig hunt , but this was changed back to the former during filming . </P> <P> Ted Kotcheff , the director of the 1971 film , initially expressed surprise that another adaptation of Cook 's novel was being made , questioning `` What are they going to do , use the book and make a serial ? Is there something missing from the film ? '' Following this comment , Kotcheff asked to give Stenders his `` congratulations and best wishes '' . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> On March 4 , 2017 , the lead cast of Wake in Fright - Sean Keenan , David Wenham , Alex Dimitriades , Gary Sweet , Caren Pistorius , Robyn Malcolm , Lee Jones , Anna Samson , Hannah Frederiksen and Jada Alberts - was announced . Many of the smaller supporting roles and extras were portrayed by locals with no professional acting experience . </P> <P> Keenan revealed that he was offered the part of John Grant while shooting another project ; after being introduced to the film by a prop master who had found it on DVD in a charity shop , he studied both the novel and film , particularly the former , to get an understanding of his character . Wenham admitted that he expressed scepticism when he was offered the role of Jock Crawford , calling the reimagining `` a stupid idea '' . He changed his mind and accepted the role after expressing satisfaction with the script , adding that `` Very few people after my generation will ever see that film . That 's what made me turn 180 degrees . I thought , ' Why not give people the opportunity to access this story ? Why am I being so snooty about it ? ' '' </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Principal photography for Wake in Fright took place in Broken Hill and Sydney . Beginning on March 5 , 2017 , the shoot lasted five weeks . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Promotion ( edit ) </H3> <P> Network Ten released the first trailer for Wake in Fright on July 25 , 2017 , followed by a second on September 17 . The second trailer was recalled by Ten following a complaint made by the law firm Lea - Shannon Legal on behalf of the Wake in Fright Trust , which owns the rights to the 1971 film , due to its misleading use of a quote by Martin Scorsese regarding his reaction to the film 's screening at the Cannes Film Festival ( `` It left me speechless '' ) to describe the series . Later airings of the trailer replaced Scorsese 's comment with a quote from The Age , which described the series as `` A stunning Australian drama '' . </P> <H3> Viewership ( edit ) </H3> <P> Upon the broadcast of the first episode , The Daily Telegraph reported that the series had `` bombed on debut '' despite heavy promotion by Network Ten . The writer felt that its 408,000 viewership ratings put in doubt `` the future of Aussie drama on commercial networks after disappointing figures from similar biopics and remakes ( including Blue Murder : Killer Cop , House of Bond and Hoges : The Paul Hogan Story ) throughout the year '' . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Timeslot </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Overnight ratings </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Consolidated ratings </Th> <Th> Total viewers </Th> <Th> Ref ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Viewers </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Viewers </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Part One </Td> <Td> 8 October 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> Sunday 8 : 30pm </Td> <Td> 408,000 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> 51,000 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 459,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Part Two </Td> <Td> 15 October 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> Sunday 8 : 30pm </Td> <Td> 293,000 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 75,000 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 368,000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> Since its broadcast , critical responses to Wake in Fright have varied , with reviewers typically lauding members of the cast ( particularly Keenan , Dimitriades and Wenham ) for their performances , while the story adaptation and technical elements of the production were either praised for creating a strong sense of fear and intensity , or criticised for being overwrought , unnecessary or inferior to the novel and film . </P> <P> Writing for The Australian , Graeme Blundell 's assessment of the series was highly positive , asserting that Irwin and Stenders ' adaptation successfully retained Cook 's vision of the outback and mateship . He believed that this was in large part due to the `` polish (

The 2010 remake of Wake in Fright was filmed in

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Jack Gleeson - wikipedia <H1> Jack Gleeson </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Jackie Gleason or Jack Gleeson ( hurler ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jack Gleeson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Gleeson in 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1992 - 05 - 20 ) 20 May 1992 ( age 25 ) Cork , Ireland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Trinity College , Dublin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2002 -- 2014 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jack Gleeson ( born 20 May 1992 ) is an Irish former actor , best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series Game of Thrones . </P> <P> Despite his early breakthrough on Thrones , which won critical acclaim , Gleeson has stated that he disliked acting for television and film , and has left that profession since 2014 . He currently runs his own touring theatre company , whose debut show -- Bears in Space -- premiered in Ireland in 2016 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Film </Li> <Li> 3.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Gleeson was born in Cork , Ireland . Gleeson attended Gonzaga College for his secondary education . He attended drama classes when young , with his sisters Rachel and Emma who are also actresses in Ireland . </P> <P> Gleeson is a student of Trinity College , Dublin , studying philosophy and theology and he is also a member of DU Players . In 2012 , he was awarded a scholarship at the same university . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Gleeson began acting at the age of seven in the Independent Theatre Workshop . His first roles were in films such as Reign of Fire in 2002 , Batman Begins in 2005 , Shrooms in 2007 , and A Shine of Rainbows in 2009 . In 2010 , he appeared in a leading role in All Good Children . The reviewer for Variety magazine considered Gleeson `` the pic 's big discovery '' . </P> <P> Gleeson starred as Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO series Game of Thrones . He cites Joaquin Phoenix 's portrayal of Commodus in Gladiator as an influence on his performance . He is a founder and artistic director of Collapsing Horse Theatre Company , which is based in Dublin . </P> <P> In 2012 , Gleeson indicated an intention to retire from acting to pursue an academic career once his work on Game of Thrones was finished . In 2014 , Gleeson confirmed he would be permanently retiring from acting after concluding his work in Game of Thrones . In the same interview , he stated that while he had previously been interested in pursuing academia , he had since ' gone off that idea ' . </P> <P> In 2015 , Gleeson starred in the puppetry shows Bears in Space created by his theatre company Collapsing Horse and in mid-2016 the show premiered in New York . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Reign of Fire </Td> <Td> Kid </Td> <Td> Uncredited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moving Day </Td> <Td> Jack </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Fishtale </Td> <Td> Boy with the Fish </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Tom Waits Made Me Cry </Td> <Td> Young Vincent </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Batman Begins </Td> <Td> Little Boy </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Shrooms </Td> <Td> Lonely Twin </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> A Shine of Rainbows </Td> <Td> Seamus </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> All Good Children </Td> <Td> Dara </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Network </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 -- 2008 </Td> <Td> Killinaskully </Td> <Td> Pa Connors Jr . </Td> <Td> RTÉ One </Td> <Td> 4 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 2014 </Td> <Td> Game of Thrones </Td> <Td> Joffrey Baratheon </Td> <Td> HBO </Td> <Td> 26 episodes IGN People 's Choice Award for Best TV Villain ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Nominated -- IGN Award for Best TV Villain ( 2011 -- 2013 ) Nominated -- Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series ( 2013 ) Nominated -- Scream Award for Best Ensemble ( 2011 ) Nominated -- Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series ( 2011 , 2013 ) Nominated -- Young Hollywood Award : We Love to Hate You ( 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jack Gleeson Biography '' . TV Guide . Retrieved 16 March 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : O'Regan , Mark ( 17 April 2012 ) . `` Jack Gleeson swaps ' Game of Thrones ' for seat of learning '' . Irish Independent . independent.ie . Retrieved 21 April 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Email : Fellows & Scholars ( Email ) ( 2 July 2012 ) . `` Welcome -- Fellows & Scholars : Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , Ireland '' . Tcd.ie . Retrieved 5 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Meanwhile , At Trinity College '' . Broadsheet.ie. 16 April 2012 . Retrieved 5 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Itwstudios.ie </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jack Gleeson Lands Major HBO Pilot

The actor who plays King Joffrey is

Who is the actor who plays king joffrey?

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Stonewall riots - wikipedia <H1> Stonewall riots </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The Stonewall Inn , taken September 1969 . The sign in the window reads : `` We homosexuals plead with our people to please help maintain peaceful and quiet conduct on the streets of the Village. -- Mattachine . '' <P> The Stonewall riots ( also referred to as the Stonewall uprising or the Stonewall rebellion ) were a series of spontaneous , violent demonstrations by members of the gay ( LGBT ) community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28 , 1969 , at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . They are widely considered to constitute the most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States . </P> <P> Gay Americans in the 1950s and 1960s faced an anti-gay legal system . Early homophile groups in the U.S. sought to prove that gay people could be assimilated into society , and they favored non-confrontational education for homosexuals and heterosexuals alike . The last years of the 1960s , however , were very contentious , as many social / political movements were active , including the civil rights movement , the counterculture of the 1960s , and the anti -- Vietnam War movement . These influences , along with the liberal environment of Greenwich Village , served as catalysts for the Stonewall riots . </P> <P> Very few establishments welcomed openly gay people in the 1950s and 1960s . Those that did were often bars , although bar owners and managers were rarely gay . At the time , the Stonewall Inn was owned by the Mafia . It catered to an assortment of patrons and was known to be popular among the poorest and most marginalized people in the gay community : drag queens , transgender people , effeminate young men , butch lesbians , male prostitutes , and homeless youth . Police raids on gay bars were routine in the 1960s , but officers quickly lost control of the situation at the Stonewall Inn . They attracted a crowd that was incited to riot . Tensions between New York City police and gay residents of Greenwich Village erupted into more protests the next evening , and again several nights later . Within weeks , Village residents quickly organized into activist groups to concentrate efforts on establishing places for gays and lesbians to be open about their sexual orientation without fear of being arrested . </P> <P> After the Stonewall riots , gays and lesbians in New York City faced gender , race , class , and generational obstacles to becoming a cohesive community . Within six months , two gay activist organizations were formed in New York , concentrating on confrontational tactics , and three newspapers were established to promote rights for gays and lesbians . Within a few years , gay rights organizations were founded across the U.S. and the world . On June 28 , 1970 , the first gay pride marches took place in New York , Los Angeles , San Francisco and Chicago commemorating the anniversary of the riots . Similar marches were organized in other cities . Today , Gay Pride events are held annually throughout the world toward the end of June to mark the Stonewall riots . The Stonewall National Monument was established at the site in 2016 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Homosexuality in 20th - century United States </Li> <Li> 1.2 Homophile activism </Li> <Li> 1.3 Compton 's Cafeteria riot </Li> <Li> 1.4 Greenwich Village </Li> <Li> 1.5 Stonewall Inn </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Riots <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Police raid </Li> <Li> 2.2 Violence breaks out </Li> <Li> 2.3 Escalation </Li> <Li> 2.4 A second night of rioting </Li> <Li> 2.5 Leaflets , press coverage , and more violence </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Aftermath <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Gay Liberation Front </Li> <Li> 3.2 Gay Activists Alliance </Li> <Li> 3.3 Gay Pride </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Unlikely community </Li> <Li> 4.2 Rejection of gay subculture </Li> <Li> 4.3 Lasting impact and recognition </Li> <Li> 4.4 National monument </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Media representations <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Film </Li> <Li> 5.2 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Notable participants </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Homosexuality in 20th - century United States ( edit ) </H3> <P> Following the social upheaval of World War II , many people in the United States felt a fervent desire to `` restore the prewar social order and hold off the forces of change '' , according to historian Barry Adam . Spurred by the national emphasis on anti-communism , Senator Joseph McCarthy conducted hearings searching for communists in the U.S. government , the U.S. Army , and other government - funded agencies and institutions , leading to a national paranoia . Anarchists , communists , and other people deemed un-American and subversive were considered security risks . Homosexuals were included in this list by the U.S. State Department on the theory that they were susceptible to blackmail . In 1950 , a Senate investigation chaired by Clyde R. Hoey noted in a report , `` It is generally believed that those who engage in overt acts of perversion lack the emotional stability of normal persons '' , and said all of the government 's intelligence agencies `` are in complete agreement that sex perverts in Government constitute security risks '' . Between 1947 and 1950 , 1,700 federal job applications were denied , 4,380 people were discharged from the military , and 420 were fired from their government jobs for being suspected homosexuals . </P> <P> Throughout the 1950s and 1960s , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI

The Stonewall Riot in New York City in 1969 involved a protest by

The stonewall riot in new york city in 1969 involved a protest by?

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Sound </Th> <Td> Monaural lateral loudspeaker , dual microphones , 3.5 mm stereo audio jack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Connectivity </Th> <Td> Micro USB , SlimPort , NFC , Bluetooth 4.0 , Wi - Fi 802.11 a / b / g / n / ac ( single stream ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> Multi-color LED notification light </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> SAR </Th> <Td> Head : 0.810 W / kg ( 1 g ) Body : 0.998 W / kg ( 1 g ) Hotspot : 0.998 W / kg ( 1 g ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> https://www.google.com/nexus/5/ at the Wayback Machine ( archived October 31 , 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Nexus 5 ( codenamed Hammerhead ) is an Android smartphone manufactured by LG Electronics for Google . Co-developed with and marketed by Google Inc. as part of its Nexus line of flagship devices and unveiled on October 31 , 2013 , it is a successor to the Nexus 4 . Nexus 5 served as the launch device for Android 4.4 `` KitKat '' , which introduced a refreshed interface , performance improvements , increased Google Now integration , better battery life and other features . </P> <P> The Nexus 5 received mostly positive reviews , praising the device 's balance of overall performance and cost in comparison to other `` flagship '' phones , along with the quality of its display and some of the changes introduced by Android 4.4 . The display was , however , criticized for being too dim in comparison to other devices , and the camera was criticized for having inconsistent quality . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Release </Li> <Li> 2 Specifications <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Hardware </Li> <Li> 2.2 Software </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The device was unveiled on October 31 , 2013 ; it was made available for pre-order from Google Play Store the same day in 16 GB and 32 GB models . When released , the Nexus 5 was priced at US $349 ( 16 GB version ) and US $399 ( 32 GB version ) in the US . This was much lower than comparable smartphones , which would cost around $649 . </P> <P> As of 11 March 2015 , the Nexus 5 is no longer available from Google Play Store . </P> <H2> Specifications ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Hardware ( edit ) </H3> Back , front and side view of a black Nexus 5 <P> The exterior of the Nexus 5 is made from a polycarbonate shell with similarities to the 2013 version of Nexus 7 , unlike its predecessor that uses a glass - based construction . Three exterior colors are available : black , white and red . </P> <P> Its hardware contains similarities to the LG G2 ; it is powered by a 2.26 GHz quad - core Snapdragon 800 processor with 2 GB of RAM , either 16 or 32 GB of internal storage , and a 2300 mAh battery . The Nexus 5 uses a 4.95 - inch ( marketed as 5 - inch ) 445 PPI 1080p IPS display , and includes an 8 - megapixel rear - facing camera with optical image stabilization ( OIS ) , and a 1.3 - megapixel front - facing camera . The Nexus 5 supports LTE networks where available , unlike the Nexus 4 which unofficially supported LTE on AWS Band 4 only with a hidden software option , but was not formally approved or marketed for any LTE use . There are two variants of the Nexus 5 , with varying support for cellular frequency bands ; one is specific to North America ( LG - D820 ) , and the other is designed for the rest of the world ( LG - D821 ) . </P> <P> Notable new hardware features also include two new composite sensors : a step detector and a step counter . These new sensors allow applications to easily track steps when the user is walking , running , or climbing stairs . Both sensors are implemented in hardware for low power consumption . Like its predecessors , the Nexus 5 does not have a microSD card slot , while it features a multi-color LED notification light . There are two grills present on the lower edge of the Nexus 5 : one is for the mono speaker and the other is for the microphone . </P> <H3> Software ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Android ( operating system ) Nexus 5 , LG - D821 model ( international ) <P> The Nexus 5 was the first Android device to ship with Android 4.4 `` KitKat '' , which had a refreshed interface , improved performance , improved NFC support ( such as the ability to emulate a smart card ) , a new `` HDR+ '' camera shooting mode , native printing functionality , a screen recording utility , and other new and improved functionality . </P> <P> The device also shipped with Google Now Launcher , a redesigned home screen which allows users to quickly access Google Now on a dedicated page , and allows voice search to be activated on the home screen with a voice command . Unlike the stock home screen , Google Now Launcher is not a component of Android itself ; it is implemented as part of the Google Search application . Until 26 February 2014 , when it was released on Google Play Store for selected Android 4.4 devices , Google Now Launcher was exclusively shipped by default on the Nexus 5 , and was not enabled in Android 4.4 updates for any other Nexus device . While an update to the Google Search application containing Google Now Launcher ( which itself was tweaked to improve compatibility with other devices as well ) was publicly released shortly after the

The processor for the Google Nexus 5 is

What is the processor for google nexus 5?

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The Royal - wikipedia <H1> The Royal </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about British medical drama . For the sportsman with the same nickname , see Mark King ( snooker player ) . For The cinema in Toronto , see Royal Cinema . For the tram stop in Wolverhampton , see The Royal tram stop . For other uses , see Royal . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Royal </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Royal intro . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Julian Ovenden Zoie Kennedy Robert Daws Amy Robbins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Somebody Help Me '' by The Spencer Davis Group </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ending theme </Th> <Td> `` Somebody Help Me '' ( instrumental ) by The Spencer Davis Group </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of series </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 87 ( List of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 60 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> ITV Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> ITV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 16 : 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Stereo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 19 January 2003 ( 2003 - 01 - 19 ) -- 31 July 2011 ( 2011 - 07 - 31 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related shows </Th> <Td> Heartbeat The Royal Today </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Royal is a British period medical drama produced by ITV and aired normally on Sundays in the early evening slot ; episodes after 21 June 2009 , were also broadcast on ITV HD . The show consisted of eight series of one - hour episodes and was broadcast on ITV from 2003 until the show was cancelled in 2011 , with repeats continuing on ITV3 . The show is set in the 1960s and focuses on the fictional `` St Aidan 's Royal Free Hospital '' , an NHS hospital serving the fictional rural seaside town of Elsinby and its surrounding area . The show began as a spin - off of ITV 's period police drama series , Heartbeat , featuring characters from Heartbeat during the first three series , before becoming its own entity . </P> <P> The show itself was shot within Whitby , Scarborough , City of Bradford and the North Riding of Yorkshire , and stars of The Royal included Ian Carmichael , Wendy Craig , Robert Daws , and Amy Robbins . The show itself generated its own spin - off , entitled The Royal Today , which used the same settings but in the present day . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main cast and characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episode list </Li> <Li> 4 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5 The Royal Today </Li> <Li> 6 End of production </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> The setting of The Royal was first introduced as part of the story for the 14th episode of the 12th series of Heartbeat entitled ' Out of the Blue ' , in which the hospital was used to treat Heartbeat character Vernon Scripps and several people of Aidensfield . The benefit of this and its connection to the show , helped it to gain its own series , though it initially began as a spin - off with several characters from Heartbeat appearing in episodes as part of its main plots or side story ; the most prominent of these appearances were Claude Greengrass ( Bill Maynard ) , PC Alfred `` Alf '' Ventress ( William Simons ) , and PC Philip `` Phil '' Bellamy ( Mark Jordon ) . By the end of the third series , the show 's ties to Heartbeat were discontinued , with the show 's production team working to make it into its own entity by the fourth series . Unlike its former parent show , The Royal uses the song `` Somebody Help Me '' by The Spencer Davis Group as it main theme tune , with an instrumental version playing over the ending credits . </P> <P> The majority of the plots in each episode centred around medical emergencies or a serious medical case , and often featured moral dilemmas created or exposed by these matters . Additional story - lines also included staff members dealing with personal problems or issues , and an occasional side - story in a similar vein to Heartbeat . While the show tended to avoid political topics on the whole ( the Vietnam War was briefly touched in one episode ) , its main themes focused and centred upon the conflict between progressive and conservative social ideals , as well as the ethical challenges and social changes faced by the hospital 's staff , a reflection of its setting and what was faced by the world in the 1960s . Although the setting used includes references to 1960s events , such as the coming of colour television , like Heartbeat the show featured a number of anachronisms , such as the use of `` a glass ceiling '' , an expression not coined until some years later . </P> <P> Set

The royal TV series was filmed within Whitby, Scarborough, City of Bradford, and

Where did they film the royal tv series?

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Turlough ( lake ) - wikipedia <H1> Turlough ( lake ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A turlough , or turlach , is a type of disappearing lake found mostly in limestone areas of Ireland , west of the River Shannon . The name comes from the Irish tuar , meaning `` dry '' , with the suffix - lach , meaning `` a place '' ( in an abstract sense ) . The - lach suffix is often mistakenly spelled and / or thought to refer to the word loch , the Irish , Scottish Gaelic and Scots word for `` lake '' . The landforms are found in Irish karst ( exposed limestone ) areas . </P> <P> The features are almost unique to Ireland , although there is one example in Great Britain , at Cernydd Carmel near Llandeilo . They are of great interest to many scientists : geomorphologists are interested in how turloughs were formed , hydrologists try to explain what makes turloughs flood , botanists study the unusual vegetation which covers the turlough floor , and zoologists study the animals associated with the turloughs . </P> The turlough at Carran , Co . Clare , Ireland in late May 2005 . The water level is high following a spell of wet weather <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Locations </Li> <Li> 2 Seasonal pools </Li> <Li> 3 Formation </Li> <Li> 4 Swallow holes </Li> <Li> 5 Calcium carbonate deposits </Li> <Li> 6 Plant and animal life </Li> <Li> 7 Draining of turloughs </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Locations ( edit ) </H2> Pant y Llyn turlough , South Wales <P> Turloughs are mostly found on the central lowlands west of the Shannon , in counties Galway , Clare , Mayo , and Roscommon , although a few are also found elsewhere , e.g. in Limerick , Sligo , Longford , and Cork . </P> <P> Only three turloughs have been identified in Northern Ireland , namely Roosky , Green , and Fardrum Loughs located near Ely Lodge Forest in County Fermanagh . These constitute the most northerly turloughs in Ireland and have been collectively designated a Ramsar site and an Area of Special Scientific Interest . There is one turlough in South Wales , Pant y Llyn . </P> <H2> Seasonal pools ( edit ) </H2> <P> Most turloughs flood in the autumn , usually sometime in October , and then dry up some time between April and July . However , some turloughs in the Burren can flood at any time of year in a matter of a few hours after heavy rainfall , and they may empty again a few days later . </P> <P> Some turloughs are affected by the oceanic tide : in the summer , Caherglassaun Lough , situated 5 kilometres from Galway Bay , can be seen to flood and empty again twice every 24 hours . Most turloughs flood to a depth of about 2 metres ( 6.6 ft ) but some are much deeper : for example , some of the turloughs near Gort reach about 5 metres ( 16 ft ) deep in midwinter . Turloughs are variable in size : the largest turlough in Ireland , Rahasane turlough , which lies to the west of Craughwell in County Galway , covers about 2.5 square kilometres ( 1 sq mi ) . </P> <H2> Formation ( edit ) </H2> <P> All of the turloughs are found in limestone areas . This is because limestone can be dissolved away by rainwater , which becomes mildly acidic by picking up carbon dioxide as it passes through the atmosphere . The cracks or joints in the rock become widened to such an extent that eventually all of the rain falling on the limestone disappears underground , and the water moves through the rock openings ranging from cracks a few millimetres wide to large cave passages . The limestone is then said to be `` karstified '' . </P> <P> To the east of the Shannon , the limestone is often covered by great thicknesses of glacial drift deposited during the last glacial period , but in many areas to the west of the Shannon where the limestone is pure and the drift cover is thin , there is no proper surface river network . In these areas , rainfall disappears underground , flows through openings in the rock and then rises at distant springs : large springs can be found to the west of the area , flowing into Lough Corrib and Galway Bay . In winter , when the underground water level ( or water table ) rises , and when the underground flow increases , and when the underground flow routes to the springs are not capable of dealing with the amount of water entering them , groundwater may appear temporarily at the surface in the form of a turlough . </P> <P> Many of the rivers seen in these areas today are largely artificial , constructed by drainage engineers from the nineteenth century up to the present day , often linking a series of turloughs . For example , much of the River Clare is artificial , and the middle section of its course used to be a huge turlough , the largest in Ireland at 6.5 square kilometres ( 3 sq mi ) . </P> <H2> Swallow holes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Turloughs usually fill and empty at particular places on the floor of the depression ; sometimes an actual hole or passage is visible but more often a hollow with stones in the bottom

A type of disappearing lake found in limestone areas in the west of Ireland is called

Type of disappearing lake found in limestone areas in the west of ireland?

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Raul Esparza - wikipedia <H1> Raul Esparza </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Raúl Esparza </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Esparza at the 2014 San Diego Comic - Con International </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Raúl Eduardo Esparza ( 1970 - 10 - 24 ) October 24 , 1970 ( age 47 ) Wilmington , Delaware , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> New York University </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor , singer , voice artist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1993 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michelle Perez ( m . 1994 ; div. 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.raulesparza.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Raúl Eduardo Esparza ( born October 24 , 1970 ) is an American stage and television actor , singer , and voice artist , best known for his role as New York Assistant District Attorney ( ADA ) Rafael Barba in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . He has received Tony nominations for his role as Philip Salon in the Boy George musical Taboo in 2004 ; Robert , an empty man devoid of connection in the musical comedy Company in 2006 ; a lazy and snarky man in Harold Pinter 's The Homecoming ; and an aggressive volatile movie producer in David Mamet 's Speed the Plow . He played the role of Riff Raff on Broadway in the revival of The Rocky Horror Show and the role of Caractacus Potts in the Broadway musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang . </P> <P> Esparza has been nominated in all Tony categories for which an actor is eligible . He is widely regarded for his versatility on stage , having performed musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber , Stephen Sondheim , Kander and Ebb , Boy George , and the Sherman Brothers and plays by Mamet , Pinter , William Shakespeare , Tom Stoppard , and more . His film work includes Sidney Lumet 's Find Me Guilty and Wes Craven 's My Soul to Take and his television credits include roles on Medium , Hannibal , Pushing Daisies , and Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . He narrated the audiobook for Stephen King 's Under the Dome , as well as several others , and sings in concerts all over the country . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Theatre <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Broadway theatre </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Other theatre </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Television <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Law & Order : SVU </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Born in Wilmington , Delaware , to Cuban parents , and raised in Miami , Florida , Esparza graduated from Belen Jesuit in 1988 and won a Silver Knight Award in Drama that same year . In 1992 , Esparza received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Drama and a Bachelor 's degree in English from New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Theatre ( edit ) </H3> Broadway Theatre ( edit ) <P> Esparza first drew attention with his performance in the 2000 Broadway revival of The Rocky Horror Show , which won him the Theatre World Award . Additional Broadway credits include Cabaret ( 2001 ) , Taboo ( 2003 ) , Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ( 2005 ) and Sondheim 's Company ( 2006 ) . He received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Musical and a Drama Desk Award for his performance in the musical Taboo . His performance in Company earned him a second Tony nomination , this time for Best Actor in a Musical , as well as his second Drama Desk award . Beginning in November 2007 , he appeared in Harold Pinter 's play The Homecoming and was Tony - nominated for Best Featured Actor in a Play . In 2008 , he played Charlie Fox in the revival of David Mamet 's Speed - the - Plow co-starring Jeremy Piven and Elisabeth Moss on Broadway . His performance in Speed - the - Plow earned him a Tony nomination for Best Actor in a Play , making him the second performer ( after Boyd Gaines ) to be nominated in all four acting categories a performer is eligible for at the Tonys , although he has yet to win one . </P> <P> Esparza appeared on Broadway in a limited - engagement revival of Tom Stoppard 's Arcadia , which began previews at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on February 25 , 2011 and opened on March 17 , 2011 . </P> <P> Esparza appeared in the musical Leap of Faith in the role of the `` Reverend '' Jonas Nightingale . He was involved in the workshop in 2008 , the out - of - town tryout at the Ahmanson Theatre ( Los Angeles ) in 2010 , and the Broadway production in 2012 , for which he received a 2012 Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Actor in a Musical . </P> Other Theatre ( edit ) <P> In 1999 , Esparza portrayed Che in the national tour of Evita , opposite Natalie Toro . The tour was intended to open on Broadway , but failed to do so . In 2001 , he appeared Off - Broadway in tick , tick ... BOOM ! by Jonathan Larson , garnering a Drama Desk Award nomination as Outstanding Actor in a Musical . He appeared in two Stephen Sondheim musicals , Sunday in the Park with George and Merrily We Roll Along at the 2002 Kennedy Center Sondheim Celebration . He also appeared as The Arbiter

The prosecutor on Law and Order SVU is played by

Who plays the prosecutor on law and order svu?

6905741655003866786

Pledge of Allegiance ( United States ) - wikipedia <H1> Pledge of Allegiance ( United States ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the U.S. oath of allegiance . For the general topic of oaths of allegiance , see Oath of allegiance . For other uses , see Pledge of Allegiance ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pledge of Allegiance ( Bellamy versions ) ( changes are bolded and underlined ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 1892 ( first version ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands , one nation , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 1892 to 1923 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it stands , one nation , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 1923 to 1954 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands , one nation , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 1954 ( current version ) 4 U.S.C. § 4 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America , and to the Republic for which it stands , one Nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all . '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America . It was originally composed by Captain George Thatcher Balch , a Union Army Officer during the Civil War and later a teacher of patriotism in New York City schools . The form of the pledge used today was largely devised by Francis Bellamy in 1892 , and formally adopted by Congress as the pledge in 1942 . The official name of The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1945 . The most recent alteration of its wording came on Flag Day in 1954 , when the words `` under God '' were added . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Recital </Li> <Li> 2 Origins <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Balch and Bellamy pledges </Li> <Li> 2.2 Francis Bellamy 's account </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Changes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Addition of `` under God '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Salute </Li> <Li> 5 Music </Li> <Li> 6 Controversy <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Legal challenges </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Recital ( edit ) </H2> <P> Congressional sessions open with the recital of the Pledge , as do many government meetings at local levels , and meetings held by many private organizations . All states except Hawaii , Iowa , Vermont and Wyoming require a regularly - scheduled recitation of the pledge in the public schools , although the Supreme Court has ruled in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette that students can not be compelled to recite the Pledge , nor can they be punished for not doing so . In a number of states , state flag pledges of allegiance are required to be recited after this . </P> <P> The United States Flag Code says : </P> <P> The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag -- `` I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America , and to the Republic for which it stands , one Nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all . '' -- should be rendered by standing at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart . When not in uniform men should remove any non-religious headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder , the hand being over the heart . Persons in uniform should remain silent , face the flag , and render the military salute . Members of the Armed Forces not in uniform and veterans may render the military salute in the manner provided for persons in uniform . </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Balch and Bellamy pledges ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Pledge of Allegiance , as it exists in its current form , was composed in August 1892 by Francis Bellamy ( 1855 -- 1931 ) , who was a Baptist minister , a Christian socialist , and the cousin of socialist utopian novelist Edward Bellamy ( 1850 -- 1898 ) . There did exist a previous version created by Rear Admiral George Balch , a veteran of the Civil War , who later become auditor of the New York Board of Education . Balch 's pledge , which existed contemporaneously with the Bellamy version until the 1923 National Flag Conference , read : </P> <P> We give our heads and hearts to God and our country ; one country , one language , one flag ! </P> <P> Balch was a proponent of teaching children , especially those of immigrants , loyalty to the United States , even going so far as to write a book on the subject and work with both the government and private organizations to distribute flags to every classroom and school . Balch 's pledge , which predates Bellamy 's by 5 years and was embraced by many schools , by the Daughters of the American Revolution until the 1910s , and by the Grand Army of the Republic until the 1923 National Flag Conference , is often overlooked when discussing the history of the Pledge . Bellamy , however , did not approve of the pledge as Balch had written it , referring to the text as `` too juvenile and lacking in dignity . '' The Bellamy `` Pledge of Allegiance '' was

The words "under God" were added to the Pledge of Allegiance

When were the words under god added to the pledge?

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north and north - central of Vietnam ( southern border expanded down to the Ma River and Cả River delta ) , Guangdong , and Guangxi . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trưng Sisters </Td> <Td> Lĩnh Nam 嶺南 </Td> <Td> 40 -- 43 </Td> <Td> Present - day north and north - central of Vietnam ( southern border expanded down to the Ma River and Cả River delta ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Han to Eastern Wu Domination </Td> <Td> Giao Chỉ 交趾 </Td> <Td> 43 -- 229 </Td> <Td> Present - day north and north - central of Vietnam ( southern border expanded down to the Ma River and Cả River delta ) , Guangdong , and Guangxi . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eastern Wu to Liang Domination </Td> <Td> Giao Châu ( Jiaozhou ) 交州 </Td> <Td> 229 -- 544 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Early Lý dynasty </Td> <Td> Vạn Xuân 萬 春 </Td> <Td> 544 -- 602 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sui to Tang Domination </Td> <Td> Giao Châu 交趾 </Td> <Td> 602 -- 679 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tang Domination </Td> <Td> An Nam 安南 </Td> <Td> 679 -- 757 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tang Domination </Td> <Td> Trấn Nam 鎮 南 </Td> <Td> 757 -- 766 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tang Domination </Td> <Td> An Nam 安南 </Td> <Td> 766 -- 866 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tang Domination , Autonomy ( Khúc clan , Dương Đình Nghệ , and Kiều Công Tiễn ) , Ngô dynasty </Td> <Td> Tĩnh Hải quân 静 海军 </Td> <Td> 866 -- 967 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Đinh , Early Lê and Lý dynasty </Td> <Td> Đại Cồ Việt 大 瞿 越 </Td> <Td> 968 -- 1054 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lý and Trần dynasty </Td> <Td> Đại Việt 大越 </Td> <Td> 1054 -- 1400 </Td> <Td> Southern border expanded down to present - day Huế area . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hồ dynasty </Td> <Td> Đại Ngu 大 虞 </Td> <Td> 1400 -- 1407 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ming Domination and Later Trần dynasty </Td> <Td> Giao Chỉ 交州 </Td> <Td> 1407 -- 1427 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lê , Mạc , Trịnh -- Nguyễn lords , Tây Sơn dynasty , Nguyễn dynasty </Td> <Td> Đại Việt </Td> <Td> 1428 -- 1804 大越 </Td> <Td> Gradually expanded to the boundary of present - day Vietnam . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nguyễn dynasty </Td> <Td> Việt Nam 越南 </Td> <Td> 1804 -- 1839 </Td> <Td> Present - day Vietnam plus some occupied territories in Laos and Cambodia . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nguyễn dynasty </Td> <Td> Đại Nam 大 南 </Td> <Td> 1839 -- 1887 </Td> <Td> Same as above </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nguyễn dynasty and French Protectorate </Td> <Td> French Indochina , consisting of Cochinchina ( southern Vietnam ) , Annam ( central Vietnam ) , Tonkin ( northern Vietnam ) </Td> <Td> 1887 -- 1945 </Td> <Td> Present - day Vietnam . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Republican Era </Td> <Td> Việt Nam ( with variances such as Democratic Republic , State of Vietnam , Republic of Vietnam , Socialist Republic ) </Td> <Td> Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( 1945 -- 1976 in North Vietnam ) , State of Vietnam ( 1949 -- 1955 ) , Republic of Vietnam ( 1955 -- 1975 in South Vietnam ) , Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( 1976 -- present ) </Td> <Td> Present - day Vietnam . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Except the Hồng Bàng and Tây Sơn dynasties , all Vietnamese dynasties are named after the king 's family name , unlike the Chinese dynasties , whose names are dictated by the dynasty founders and often used as the country 's name . Nguyễn Huệ 's `` Tây Sơn dynasty '' is rather a name created by historians to avoid confusion with Nguyễn Ánh 's Nguyễn dynasty . </P> <H2> Vietnamese nationalist historiography ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Historiography and nationalism <P> The historian Professor Liam Kelley of the University of Hawaii at Manoa on his Le Minh Khai 's SEAsian History Blog wrote on how Vietnamese ultra-nationalists misleadingly reinterpreted outdated theories by western geography professors in order to further a Vietnamese nationalist agenda by claiming that Vietnamese invented rice cultivation and therefore were responsible for civilization while Chinese were pastoralists The outdated theory has been dis - proven with rice cultivation found to not originate in southeast Asia and the Vietnamese interpretations of the original theories were wrong . Vietnamese ultra-nationalists also claim the Yijing . </P> <P> Professor Liam Kelley criticized the theory of Edouard Chavannes that southeastern China was the origin of the Vietnamese before they ended up in their current location . </P> <P> Vietnam claims that Phong Châu 峯 州 was the capital of the Hùng Kings . </P> <P> Professor Liam Kelley argued that the Tran dynasty constructed Âu Lạc as a way of connecting Vietnam with their homeland of Fujian . </P> <P> The bronze drums of Đông Sơn which date back to far before the advent of native Vietnamese historical records were never seen by Vietnamese before the modern era as a `` symbol '' of Vietnam . After the Trung Sisters production of bronze drums stopped in Vietnam . </P> <P> Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư copied the mythical accounts of the Huayang guozhi 華陽 國 志 . Liam Kelley disproved the notion that the Phong Châu 峯 州 was the capital of the Hùng kings . </P> <P> Michael Churchman criticized the fact that modern historians falsely project modern day animosity between Vietnamese and Chinese onto the past history of Vietnam under Chinese rule and falsely portraying past people as `` freedom fighters '' or oppressors in a made - up narrative of resistance when there was no such ethnic

Before World War 2, Vietnam was known as

What was vietnam called in the years before world war 2?

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The Lion King ( musical ) - wikipedia <H1> The Lion King ( musical ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the musical . For the movie , see The Lion King . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Lion King </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Broadway promotional poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music </Th> <Td> Elton John </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lyrics </Th> <Td> Tim Rice </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Book </Th> <Td> Roger Allers Irene Mecchi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basis </Th> <Td> The Lion King by Walt Disney Animation Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Productions </Th> <Td> 1997 Minneapolis 1997 Broadway 1998 Tokyo 1999 Japan National Tour 1999 West End 2000 Toronto 2000 Los Angeles 2001 Hamburg 2002 1st US National Tour 2003 2nd US National Tour 2003 Sydney 2004 The Hague 2006 Shanghai 2006 Seoul 2007 Johannesburg 2007 Paris 2008 Taipei 2009 Las Vegas 2011 Singapore 2011 Madrid 2012 UK National Tour 2013 São Paulo 2013 Sydney 2015 Basel 2015 Mexico City 2016 Shanghai 2016 The Hague 2018 International Tour 2019 Antarctica </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Awards </Th> <Td> Tony Award for Best Musical </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Disney animated feature film of the same name with music by Elton John and lyrics by Tim Rice along with the musical score created by Hans Zimmer with choral arrangements by Lebo M. Directed by Julie Taymor , the musical features actors in animal costumes as well as giant , hollow puppets . The show is produced by Disney Theatrical Productions . </P> <P> The musical debuted on July 8 , 1997 in Minneapolis , Minnesota at the Orpheum Theatre and was an instant success before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15 , 1997 in many previews with the official opening on November 13 , 1997 . On June 13 , 2006 , the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of Mary Poppins , where it is still running after more than 6,700 performances . It is Broadway 's third longest - running show in history and the highest grossing Broadway production of all time , having grossed more than $1 billion . </P> <P> The show opened in the West End 's Lyceum Theatre on October 19 , 1999 , and is still running . The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008 , in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family . </P> <P> In September 2014 , The Lion King became the top - earning title in box - office history for both stage productions and films , surpassing the record previously held by The Phantom of the Opera . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Act I </Li> <Li> 1.2 Act II </Li> <Li> 1.3 Songs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Differences between the musical and film </Li> <Li> 3 Production history <Ul> <Li> 3.1 United States </Li> <Li> 3.2 Canada </Li> <Li> 3.3 Mexico </Li> <Li> 3.4 South America </Li> <Li> 3.5 Europe <Ul> <Li> 3.5. 1 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 3.5. 2 Other countries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.6 Africa </Li> <Li> 3.7 Asia and Australia </Li> <Li> 3.8 International tour </Li> <Li> 3.9 Antarctica tour </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Characters and original casts </Li> <Li> 5 Cast distinctions </Li> <Li> 6 Recordings <Ul> <Li> 6.1 The Lion King : Original Broadway Cast Recording <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Instrumentation </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Original Broadway production </Li> <Li> 7.2 Original London production </Li> <Li> 7.3 Original France production </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis </H2> <H3> Act I </H3> Actress Buyi Zama as Rafiki in Taiwan <P> As the sun rises , Rafiki the mandrill calls the animals to Pride Rock . She greets King Mufasa and Queen Sarabi before presenting their cub to the gathered animals ( `` Circle of Life '' ) . Elsewhere , Mufasa 's brother , Scar , laments his lost chance at becoming King . Back at her baobab tree , Rafiki paints an image of the cub and asks the spirits to conjure the new prince 's name : Simba . </P> <P> Time passes and Simba grows into a lively young cub ( `` Grasslands Chant '' ) . Mufasa shows Simba the Pride Lands from the top of Pride Rock and explains that everything exists in a delicate balance known as the Circle of Life . Mufasa warns Simba not to stray beyond the boundaries of the Pride Lands , pointing out a shadowy area in the distance . Zazu , a hornbill who acts as Mufasa 's advisor , arrives and delivers his daily report on the state of affairs in the King 's domain ( `` The Morning Report '' , now cut from the Broadway production ) . </P> Geoff Hoyle as Zazu <P> Simba goes to see his Uncle Scar . The scheming lion piques the cub 's curiosity by mentioning the elephant graveyard , where Simba is forbidden to go . Meanwhile , the lionesses go hunting ( `` The Lioness Hunt '' ) . Simba arrives and asks his best friend , a female cub named Nala , to come with him to the elephant graveyard . He lies to the lionesses about where they are going , and Sarafina ( Nala 's mother ) and Sarabi allow the cubs to go , escorted by Zazu . Simba and Nala formulate a plan and manage to lose Zazu , while Simba brags about his future position ( `` I Just Ca n't Wait to Be King '' ) . </P> <P> The cubs go to the graveyard and begin to explore . Zazu catches up , but they are confronted by three hyenas : Shenzi , Banzai and Ed .

The Lion King musical began its run on Broadway on

When did the lion king start on broadway?

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The Wizard of Oz ( 1939 film ) - wikipedia <H1> The Wizard of Oz ( 1939 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Wizard of Oz </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Victor Fleming </Li> <Li> King Vidor </Li> <Li> George Cukor </Li> <Li> Richard Thorpe </Li> <Li> Norman Taurog </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Mervyn LeRoy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Noel Langley </Li> <Li> Florence Ryerson </Li> <Li> Edgar Allan Woolf </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Judy Garland </Li> <Li> Frank Morgan </Li> <Li> Ray Bolger </Li> <Li> Bert Lahr </Li> <Li> Jack Haley </Li> <Li> Billie Burke </Li> <Li> Margaret Hamilton </Li> <Li> Charley Grapewin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Herbert Stothart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Harold Rosson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Blanche Sewell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Loew 's , Inc . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> August 25 , 1939 ( 1939 - 08 - 25 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 101 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $2.8 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> $3 million ( original release ) </Li> <Li> $23.3 million ( unadjusted , re-releases ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer . Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history , it is the best - known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum 's 1900 children 's book , The Wonderful Wizard of Oz . It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming ( who left production to take over direction on the troubled Gone with the Wind production ) . It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale , alongside Ray Bolger , Jack Haley , Bert Lahr , Frank Morgan , Billie Burke and Margaret Hamilton , with Charley Grapewin , Pat Walshe and Clara Blandick , Terry ( billed as Toto ) , and the Singer Midgets as the Munchkins . </P> <P> Legendary for its use of Technicolor , fantasy storytelling , musical score , and memorable characters , it has become an icon of American popular culture . It was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture , but lost to Gone with the Wind . It did win in two other categories , including Best Original Song for `` Over the Rainbow '' and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart . While the film was considered a critical success upon release in August 1939 , it failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 rerelease , earning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget , not including promotional costs , which made it MGM 's most expensive production to that time . </P> <P> The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the public ; watching it became an annual tradition and , according to the Library of Congress , it is the most seen film in movie history . It was among the 25 films that inaugurated the National Film Registry list in 1989 . It is also one of the few films on UNESCO 's Memory of the World Register . The film is among the top ten in the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14 . </P> <P> The Wizard of Oz is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture . Noel Langley , Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay , but uncredited contributions were made by others . The songs were written by Edgar `` Yip '' Harburg ( lyrics ) and Harold Arlen ( music ) . The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart . </P> The Wizard of Oz theatrical poster <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Munchkins ( uncredited ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development and pre-production </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Richard Thorpe as director </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 George Cukor 's brief stint </Li> <Li> 3.3. 3 Victor Fleming , the main director </Li> <Li> 3.3. 4 King Vidor 's finishing work as director </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.4 Post-production </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Deleted songs </Li> <Li> 4.2 Song list </Li> <Li> 4.3 Underscoring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Legacy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Re-releases </Li> <Li> 8 Television </Li> <Li> 9 Home media </Li> <Li> 10 Awards and honors <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Academy Awards </Li> <Li> 10.2 American Film Institute lists </Li> <Li> 10.3 Other honors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Differences from the novel </Li> <Li> 12 Sequels and reinterpretations </Li> <Li> 13 Cultural impact <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Ruby slippers </Li> <Li> 13.2 Impact upon LGBT culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 See also </Li> <Li> 15 Notes </Li> <Li> 16 References <Ul> <Li> 16.1 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 17 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> Stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale and Terry The Dog , as Toto Margaret Hamilton as The Wicked Witch of the West with Dorothy Gale <P> The film begins in

The movie "The Wizard of Oz" was made in

When was the movie the wizard of oz made?

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main series . </P> <P> The first book in the series , The Hidden Oracle , was released on May 3 , 2016 . The second book in the series , The Dark Prophecy , was released on May 2 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Books <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Hidden Oracle </Li> <Li> 2.2 The Dark Prophecy </Li> <Li> 2.3 The Burning Maze </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Supplementary works <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Camp Half - Blood Confidential </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Film Adaptation </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series follows the trials of the god Apollo , who has been turned into a human as punishment from his father and king of the gods Zeus . Zeus is angry with Apollo for a variety of reasons , most notably for the younger god 's allowing his Roman descendant Octavian to rise to power during The Heroes of Olympus series by giving him his blessing . The final book of The Heroes of Olympus , The Blood of Olympus , takes place about six months before the beginning of The Trials of Apollo . </P> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The Hidden Oracle ( edit ) </H3> Main article : The Hidden Oracle <P> The Hidden Oracle is the first book of the series . It is told in first - person by the main character Apollo , and uses haiku for chapter titles . The book was released on May 3 , 2016 . </P> <P> The book opens with Apollo landing in an alley in New York City -- in the form of a mortal teenager named Lester Papadopoulos -- and meeting Meg McCaffrey , a homeless daughter of Demeter . Believing that he must only undertake some simple quest to regain his immortality , Apollo / Lester and Meg travel to Camp Half - Blood , where they learn most of the world 's oracles have stopped working . The two undertake a quest to locate and protect the one remaining oracle , hoping also to learn how to help the other oracles and to regain Apollo 's immortality . </P> <H3> The Dark Prophecy ( edit ) </H3> Main article : The Dark Prophecy <P> The Dark Prophecy is the second book in the series . It was released on May 2 , 2017 . </P> <P> The book continues the story of Apollo as the mortal Lester , as he leaves the safety of Camp Half - Blood and journeys across North America to restore the remaining four Oracles and defeat the triumvirate of Roman emperors - turned - Gods , while also being helped by Leo Valdez , the now - mortal Calypso and Festus the bronze dragon . </P> <H3> The Burning Maze ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Burning Maze is the third book in the series . It is scheduled to be released on May 1 , 2018 . </P> <H2> Supplementary works ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Camp Half - Blood Confidential ( edit ) </H3> <P> A companion book titled Percy Jackson : Camp Half - Blood Confidential was released on May 2 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Film adaptation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Universal Pictures acquired the film rights of the first book The Hidden Oracle . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Rick Riordan announces ' Trials of Apollo ' series set in Percy Jackson 's world '' . Hypable . October 6 , 2015 . Retrieved September 6 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Riordan , Rick ( May 11 , 2016 ) . `` The Hidden Oracle ! '' . RickRiordan.com . Rick Riordan . Retrieved January 6 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' Trials of Apollo ' book 2 info revealed on heels of ' Hidden Oracle ' release '' . Hypable . May 5 , 2016 . Retrieved September 19 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Riordan , Rick ( 2016 ) . The Hidden Oracle . Los Angeles : Disney - Hyperion . ISBN 9781484732748 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://rickriordan.com/book/the-dark-prophecy/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` From Percy Jackson : Camp Half - Blood Confidential ( An Official Rick Riordan Companion Book ) : Your Real Guide to the Demigod Training Camp ( Trials of Apollo ) '' . Amazon . Retrieved March 31 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Camp Half - Blood Chronicles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Percy Jackson & the Olympians </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Lightning Thief </Li> <Li> The Sea of Monsters </Li> <Li> The Titan 's Curse </Li> <Li> The Battle of the Labyrinth </Li> <Li> The Last Olympian </Li> <Li> The Demigod Files </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Films </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief </Li> <Li> Percy Jackson : Sea of Monsters </Li> <Li> Film cast members </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Heroes of Olympus </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Lost Hero </Li> <Li> The Son of Neptune </Li> <Li> The Mark of Athena </Li> <Li> The House of Hades </Li> <Li> The Blood of Olympus </Li> <Li> The Demigod Diaries </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Trials of Apollo </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Hidden Oracle </Li> <Li> The Dark Prophecy </Li> <Li> The Burning Maze </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Percy Jackson 's Greek Gods </Li> <Li> Percy Jackson 's Greek Heroes </Li> <Li> The Son of Sobek </Li> <Li> The Staff of Serapis </Li> <Li> The Crown of Ptolemy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td>

The next Apollo book is scheduled to be released on

When does the next apollo book come out?

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Snow dogs - wikipedia <H1> Snow dogs </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Snow Dogs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Brian Levant </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Jordan Kerner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Jim Kouf Tommy Swerdlow Michael Goldberg Mark Gibson Philip Halprin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Premise suggested by Winterdance : The Fine Madness of Running the Iditarod by Gary Paulsen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Cuba Gooding Jr . James Coburn Sisqó Nichelle Nichols Graham Greene </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> John Debney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Thomas E. Ackerman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Roger Bondelli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Walt Disney Pictures Kerner Entertainment </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Buena Vista Pictures Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> January 18 , 2002 ( 2002 - 01 - 18 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 99 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $33 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $115 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Snow Dogs is a 2002 American adventure comedy film directed by Brian Levant and starring Cuba Gooding Jr. and James Coburn . The film was released in the United States on January 18 , 2002 by Walt Disney Pictures . The film is inspired by the book Winterdance : The Fine Madness of Running the Iditarod by Gary Paulsen . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 Pop culture </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dr. Ted Brooks is a dentist in Miami , Florida . Every city bus carries an advertisement for his dental practice with his picture . One day , Ted receives a letter from Alaska , naming him as the only heir of one Lucy Watkins , a resident of the backwoods village of Tolketna . Brooks ' mother Amelia reveals that he is adopted ; Lucy was his biological mother . </P> <P> Ted travels to Tolketna to claim his inheritance from Lucy : seven Siberian Huskies and a Border Collie named Nana . In Tolketna , he discovers his roots . Totally out of his element , Ted experiences challenges he has never dreamed of : blizzards , thin ice , foxes , skunks , bears , an intimidating , crusty old mountain man named James `` Thunder Jack '' Johnson , and the aggressive , defiant lead dog , Demon . All of this happens with the buzzing excitement of the Arctic Challenge Sled Dog Race , which is only two weeks away . </P> <P> Ted tries to find out why he was given up for adoption , and who was his biological father . He meets bar owner Barb , a close friend of Lucy . Barb helps Ted to deal with the dogs and teaches him how to drive a sled , and falls in love with him . Ted has several encounters with Thunder Jack , who tries to buy the dogs , especially Demon . Barb tells Brooks that Thunder Jack is his biological father . Ted confronts Thunder Jack , who offers to tell the truth about of Ted 's birth in exchange for the dogs ; Ted agrees . Jack takes Brooks to a cave out in the woods . During an Arctic Challenge , he and Lucy were stranded in that cave , and it was there that Ted was conceived . The next morning , when Thunder Jack woke up , Lucy was gone . He looked for her but never found her . Ted returns to Miami . </P> <P> Thunder Jack adds Demon as lead dog of his team for the Arctic Challenge . Ernie has finished last in the last three Challenges , `` winning '' the `` Arctic Flame '' award as last `` musher '' to cross the finish line . The other mushers all camp at a checkpoint to wait out a bad storm , but Jack presses on . He is annoyed by the pretensions of defending champion Olivier , who is dining on crab legs in an elaborate tent . </P> <P> In Miami , Ted recounts his experiences to his mother , who accidentally breaks a frame holding a picture of Lucy and Demon . This reveals a snapshot of Lucy and Jack with a baby . Ted is infuriated that Jack lied to him , and rushes back to Alaska . There he learns that Jack is lost on the trail , and the weather is too bad for searching . Ted decides to go searching himself , taking Lucy 's dogs with Nana as lead . As he heads back down the trail , he nearly collides with Olivier , who wins the Challenge again . A few hours later , Amelia arrives and meets Barb . She learns that Ted is out on the trail , searching for Jack . The `` Arctic Flame '' is burning over the finish line , until the last musher arrives . </P> <P> Ted eventually locates Thunder Jack in the old cave . Jack admits he and Lucy had been together when Ted

In the movie Snow Dogs, Nana is

What kind of dog is nana in snow dogs?

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and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state . This conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwestern Anatolia . The important city of Thessaloniki was captured from the Venetians in 1387 . The Ottoman victory at Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region , paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe . The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 , widely regarded as the last large - scale crusade of the Middle Ages , failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks . </P> <P> With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans , the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective . The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city , but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco - Mongol leader Timur , founder of the Timurid Empire , invaded Anatolia from the east . In the Battle of Ankara in 1402 , Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner , throwing the empire into disorder . The ensuing civil war lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid 's sons fought over succession . It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power , bringing an end to the Interregnum , also known as the Fetret Devri . </P> <P> Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans ( such as Thessaloniki , Macedonia and Kosovo ) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s . On 10 November 1444 , Murad II defeated the Hungarian , Polish , and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland ( also King of Hungary ) and John Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna , the final battle of the Crusade of Varna , although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist . Four years later , John Hunyadi prepared another army ( of Hungarian and Wallachian forces ) to attack the Turks but was again defeated by Murad II at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448 . </P> <H3> Expansion and apogee ( 1453 -- 1566 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Growth of the Ottoman Empire Sultan Mehmed II 's entry into Constantinople ; painting by Fausto Zonaro ( 1854 -- 1929 ) <P> The son of Murad II , Mehmed the Conqueror , reorganized the state and the military , and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453 . Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority . Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire , the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule . Albanian resistance was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion on the Italian peninsula . </P> <P> In the 15th and 16th centuries , the Ottoman Empire entered a period of expansion . The Empire prospered under the rule of a line of committed and effective Sultans . It also flourished economically due to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia . </P> <P> Sultan Selim I ( 1512 -- 1520 ) dramatically expanded the Empire 's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Persia , in the Battle of Chaldiran . Selim I established Ottoman rule in Egypt , and created a naval presence on the Red Sea . After this Ottoman expansion , a competition started between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire to become the dominant power in the region . </P> Battle of Mohács in 1526 <P> Suleiman the Magnificent ( 1520 -- 1566 ) captured Belgrade in 1521 , conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman -- Hungarian Wars , and , after his historic victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , he established Turkish rule in the territory of present - day Hungary ( except the western part ) and other Central European territories . He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529 , but failed to take the city . In 1532 , he made another attack on Vienna , but was repulsed in the Siege of Güns . Transylvania , Wallachia and , intermittently , Moldavia , became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire . In the east , the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535 , gaining control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf . In 1555 , the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans , a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo - Turkish War ( 1768 -- 74 ) . By this partitioning of the Caucasus as signed in the Peace of Amasya , Western Armenia , western Kurdistan , and Western Georgia ( incl . western Samtskhe ) fell into Ottoman hands , while southern Dagestan , Eastern Armenia , Eastern Georgia , and Azerbaijan remained Persian . </P> Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha defeats the Holy League of Charles V under the command of Andrea Doria at the Battle of Preveza in 1538 <P> France and the Ottoman Empire , united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule , became strong allies . The French conquests of Nice ( 1543 ) and Corsica ( 1553 ) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman , and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis . A month before the siege of Nice , France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the 1543 Ottoman conquest of Esztergom in northern Hungary . After further advances by the Turks , the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547 . </P> <P> In 1559 , after the first Ajuran - Portuguese war , the Ottoman Empire would later absorb the weakened east African Adal Sultanate into its domain .

The Ottoman Empire in the 1500s was ruled by

Who ruled the ottoman empire in the 1500s?

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Kings of Dance ( season 2 ) - wikipedia <H1> Kings of Dance ( season 2 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kings of Dance ( season 2 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tamil </Th> <Td> கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ் சீசன் 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Dance Show Reality </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judges </Th> <Td> Raju Sundaram Sheriff Sandy Jeffrey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tamil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tamil Nadu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multi-camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> approx. 40 - 45 minutes per episode </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Vijay TV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 7 October 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 07 ) -- 4 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Kings of Dance ( season 2 ) ( Tamil : கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ் சீசன் 2 ) is a 2017 - 2018 Tamil language reality Dance show which aired on Star Vijay on every Saturday and Sunday at 21 : 30 ( IST ) starting from 7 October 2017 . Tamil Film Dancer choreographers Raju Sundaram , Sheriff , Sandy and Jeffrey are the judges of this season . The show ended with 41 Episodes from 4 March 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview </Li> <Li> 2 Audition </Li> <Li> 3 Finalist </Li> <Li> 4 Winners </Li> <Li> 5 Judges </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show is a dance competition for contestants of any age as individuals or in a team . </P> <H2> Audition ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Thoothukudi </Li> <Li> Madurai </Li> <Li> Coimbatore </Li> <Li> Chennai </Li> </Ul> <H2> Finalist ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Velammal Kids from Team Jeffery </Li> <Li> Ashwin Scott from Team Jeffery </Li> <Li> Yobu and Mercyna from Team Jeffery </Li> <Li> ADS kids from Team Sherif </Li> <Li> Laab crew from Team Sherif </Li> <Li> Bipin princy from Team Jeffery </Li> <Li> O2 from Team Sandy </Li> <Li> Vignesh from Team Sherif </Li> </Ul> <H2> Winners ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Title Winner : LAAB Crew From Team Sherif </Li> <Li> 1st Runner - up : ADS kids From Team Sherif </Li> <Li> 2nd Runner - up : Bipin and Princy From Team Jeffery </Li> <Li> 3rd Runner - up : Ashwin Scott From Team Jeffery </Li> <Li> Consolation Prize : o2 From Sandy Team </Li> </Ul> <H2> Judges ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Raju Sundaram : is a National Award - winning Indian choreographerd actor who has primarily worked on Tamil and Telugu language films. A few Films - Jeans ( 1998 ) , Quick Gun Murugan ( 2009 ) . </Li> <Li> Sheriff : a Tamil cinema choreographer , who recently choreographed for the blockbuster actor Vijay 's Theri . He was the title winner in dance reality show like a Ungalil yar adutha Prabhudeva . </Li> <Li> Sandy or Santhosh Kumar debut season of Maanada Mayilada Dance show choreographed movie poda podi , gethu etc . </Li> <Li> Jeffrey # hotshoe # dance club owner , southindia profesional certified salsa dancer </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Watch Star Vijay Reality Show Kings of Dance 2 -- Every Saturday and Sunday at 9.30 P.M '' . www.tholaikatchi.in . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` விஜய் டிவியில் ' கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ் ' சீசன் 2 ஆரம்பம் '' ( in Tamil ) . www.screen4screen.com . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` கிங்ஸ் ஆப் டான்ஸ் சீசன் 2 அக்டோபர் 7ஆம் திகதி முதல் '' ( in Tamil ) . cinema.dinamalar.com . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Time to put on your dancing shoes for Kings of Dance '' . timesofindia.indiatimes.com . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Gear up for the semi finals of Kings Of Dance 2 '' . timesofindia.indiatimes.com . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Yobu - Mercyna are the third finalists of Kings of Dance 2 '' . timesofindia.indiatimes.com . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 06 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Vijay TV Official Website on Hotstar </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Vijay TV : Saturday - Sunday @ 21 : 30 shows </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Previous program </Th> <Td> Kings of Dance ( season 2 ) ( 7 October 2017 - 4 March 2018 ) </Td> <Th> Next program </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bigg Boss Tamil ( 25 June -- 30 September 2017 ) </Td> <Td> Villa To Village ( 10 March - Present ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Programs broadcast by Star Vijay </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reality show </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Super Singer 6 </Li> <Li> Villa To Village </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soap opera serials </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Avalum Naanum </Li> <Li> Chinna Thambi </Li> <Li> Kalyanamam Kalyanam </Li> <Li> Mouna Ragam </Li> <Li> Nenjam Marappathillai </Li> <Li> Ninaika Therintha Manamae </Li> <Li> Pagal Nilavu </Li> <Li> Ponmagal Vanthal </Li> <Li> Raja Rani </Li> <Li> Saravanan Meenatchi ( season 3 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Talk shows </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Neeya Naana </Li> <Li> Samayal Samayal with Venkatesh

The winner of King of Dance Season 2 was

Who won the king of dance season 2?

-2315398743302009652

Lord 's Prayer - wikipedia <H1> Lord 's Prayer </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Lord 's Prayer ( disambiguation ) , Our Father ( disambiguation ) and Pater Noster ( disambiguation ) . `` Hallowed Be Thy Name '' redirects here . For the Iron Maiden song , see Hallowed Be Thy Name ( song ) . James Tissot -- The Lord 's Prayer ( Le Pater Noster ) -- Brooklyn Museum <P> The Lord 's Prayer ( also called the Our Father or Pater Noster , among other names ) is a venerated Christian prayer which , according to the New Testament , Jesus taught as the way to pray : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Pray then in this way ... ( Matthew 6 : 9 NRSV ) </Dd> <Dd> When you pray , say ... ( Luke 11 : 2 NRSV ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Two versions of this prayer are recorded : the long form in the Gospel of Matthew in the middle of the Sermon on the Mount , and the short form in the Gospel of Luke when `` one of his disciples said to him , ' Lord , teach us to pray , as John taught his disciples . ' '' </P> <P> The first three of the seven petitions in Matthew address God ; the other four are related to human needs and concerns . The Matthew account alone includes the `` Your will be done '' and the `` Rescue us from the evil one '' ( or `` Deliver us from evil '' ) petitions . Both original Greek texts contain the adjective epiousios , which does not appear in any other classical or Koine Greek literature ; while controversial , `` daily '' has been the most common English - language translation of this word . Some Christians , particularly Protestants , conclude the prayer with a doxology , a later addendum appearing in some manuscripts of Matthew . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> Matthew 6 : 9 - 13 ( RSV - 2CE ) </P> <Dl> <Dd> Our Father who art in heaven , hallowed be thy name . Thy kingdom come . Thy will be done , on earth as it is in heaven . Give us this day our daily bread ; and forgive us our trespasses , as we forgive those who trespass against us ; and lead us not into temptation , but deliver us from evil . </Dd> </Dl> </Td> <Td> <P> Luke 11 : 2 - 4 ( RSV - 2CE ) </P> <Dl> <Dd> Father , hallowed be your name . Your kingdom come . Give us each day our daily bread ; and forgive us our sins , for we ourselves forgive everyone who is indebted to us ; and lead us not into temptation . </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Initial words on the topic from the Catechism of the Catholic Church teach that it `` is truly the summary of the whole gospel '' . The prayer is used by most Christian churches in their worship ; with few exceptions , the liturgical form is the Matthean . Although theological differences and various modes of worship divide Christians , according to Fuller Seminary professor Clayton Schmit , `` there is a sense of solidarity in knowing that Christians around the globe are praying together ... and these words always unite us . '' </P> <P> In biblical criticism , the prayer 's absence in the Gospel of Mark together with its occurrence in Matthew and Luke has caused scholars who accept the two - source hypothesis ( against other document hypotheses ) to conclude that it is probably a logion original to Q . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Text <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Original Greek text and Vulgate Latin translation </Li> <Li> 1.2 Liturgical Greek and Latin texts </Li> <Li> 1.3 English versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Analysis <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Introduction </Li> <Li> 2.2 First Petition </Li> <Li> 2.3 Second Petition </Li> <Li> 2.4 Third Petition </Li> <Li> 2.5 Fourth Petition </Li> <Li> 2.6 Fifth Petition </Li> <Li> 2.7 Sixth Petition </Li> <Li> 2.8 Seventh Petition </Li> <Li> 2.9 Doxology </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Use as a language comparison tool </Li> <Li> 4 Relation to Jewish prayer </Li> <Li> 5 Musical settings </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 7.2 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Text ( edit ) </H2> The Lord 's Prayer in Gregorian chant <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pater Noster The Lord 's Prayer in Latin sung in Gregorian chant </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Original Greek text and Vulgate Latin translation ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> Standard edition of Greek text </P> <P> Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου , ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν , ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν , ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ . </P> </Td> <Td> <Dl> <Dd> Vulgate Latin translation </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> Pater noster , qui es in caelis , </Dd> <Dd> sanctificetur nomen tuum , </Dd> <Dd> adveniat regnum tuum , </Dd> <Dd> fiat voluntas tua , </Dd> <Dd> sicut in caelo , et in terra . </Dd> <Dd> Panem nostrum supersubstantialem da nobis hodie ; </Dd> <Dd> et dimitte nobis debita nostra , </Dd> <Dd> sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris ; </Dd> <Dd> et ne inducas nos in tentationem ; </Dd> <Dd> sed libera nos a Malo . </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Liturgical Greek and Latin texts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> Patriarchal Edition 1904 </P> <P> Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου , ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ ,

The Lord's Prayer is found in the Bible in

Where is lord's prayer found in bible?

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Party leaders of the United States Senate - wikipedia <H1> Party leaders of the United States Senate </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Current leaders Majority Leader Mitch McConnell ( R ) Majority Whip John Cornyn ( R ) Minority Leader Chuck Schumer ( D ) Minority Whip Dick Durbin ( D ) Party Leaders of the U.S. Senate <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States Senate </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> History of the United States Senate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Current members <Ul> <Li> ( by seniority </Li> <Li> by class ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Former members </Li> <Li> Hill committees <Ul> <Li> ( DSCC </Li> <Li> NRSC ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> United States Vice President ( list ) </Li> <Li> President pro tempore ( list ) </Li> <Li> Presiding officer </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Party leaders </Li> <Li> Party leadership of the United States Senate </Li> <Li> Democratic Caucus </Li> <Li> Republican Conference </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics and procedure </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Advice and consent </Li> <Li> Blue slip </Li> <Li> Closed session ( list ) </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Cloture </Li> <Li> Committees ( list ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Executive session </Li> <Li> Morning business </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Filibuster </Li> <Li> Nuclear option </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Recess appointment </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Quorum </Li> <Li> Quorum call </Li> <Li> Salaries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Saxbe fix </Li> <Li> Seal </Li> <Li> Holds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Senatorial courtesy </Li> <Li> Standing Rules </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Traditions </Li> <Li> Unanimous consent </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Vice Presidents ' tie - breaking votes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Places </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United States Capitol </Li> <Li> Senate chamber </Li> <Li> Senate Reception Room </Li> <Li> Senate office buildings <Ul> <Li> ( Dirksen </Li> <Li> Hart </Li> <Li> Russell ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate . These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate , and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate . They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses , the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference . </P> <P> By rule , the Presiding Officer gives the Majority Leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate . The Majority Leader customarily serves as the chief representative of their party in the Senate , and sometimes even in all of Congress if the House of Representatives and thus the office of Speaker of the House is controlled by the opposition party . </P> <P> The Assistant Majority and Minority Leaders of the United States Senate ( commonly called Senate Majority and Minority Whips ) are the second - ranking members of each party 's leadership . The main function of the Majority and Minority Whips is to gather votes on major issues . Because they are the second ranking members of the Senate , if there is no floor leader present , the whip may become acting floor leader . Before 1969 , the official titles were Majority Whip and Minority Whip . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Current floor leaders </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 List of party leaders </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Current floor leaders ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Senate is currently composed of 51 Republicans , 47 Democrats , and 2 independents , both of whom caucus with the Democrats . </P> <P> The current leaders are long - time Senators Mitch McConnell ( R ) from Kentucky and Chuck Schumer ( D ) from New York . The current Assistant Leaders / Whips are long - time Senators John Cornyn ( R ) from Texas and Dick Durbin ( D ) from Illinois . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Democrats began the practice of electing floor leaders in 1920 while they were in the minority . John W. Kern was a Democratic Senator from Indiana . While the title was not official , he is considered to be the first Senate party leader from 1913 through 1917 ( and in turn , the first Senate Democratic Leader ) , while serving concurrently as Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus . In 1925 the majority ( at the time ) Republicans also adopted this language when Charles Curtis became the first ( official ) Majority Leader , although his immediate predecessor Henry Cabot Lodge is considered the first ( unofficial ) Senate Majority Leader . </P> <P> The Constitution designates the Vice President of the United States as President of the United States Senate . The Constitution also calls for a President pro tempore to serve as the leader of the body when the President of the Senate ( the Vice President ) is absent . In practice , neither the Vice President nor the President pro tempore -- customarily the most senior ( longest - serving ) Senator in the majority party -- actually presides over the Senate on a daily basis ; that task is given to junior Senators of the majority party

The leaders of the two parties in Congress are chosen through the

How are leaders of the two parties in congress chosen?

-8845728821520703165

Tosca - wikipedia <H1> Tosca </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Tosca ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tosca </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Opera by Giacomo Puccini </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Original poster , depicting the death of Scarpia ( act 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Librettist </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Luigi Illica </Li> <Li> Giuseppe Giacosa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> Italian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> La Tosca by Victorien Sardou </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Premiere </Th> <Td> 14 January 1900 ( 1900 - 01 - 14 ) Teatro Costanzi , Rome </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Tosca ( Italian pronunciation : ( ˈtoska ; ˈtɔska ) ) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa . It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900 . The work , based on Victorien Sardou 's 1887 French - language dramatic play , La Tosca , is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800 , with the Kingdom of Naples 's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon 's invasion of Italy . It contains depictions of torture , murder and suicide , as well as some of Puccini 's best - known lyrical arias . </P> <P> Puccini saw Sardou 's play when it was touring Italy in 1889 and , after some vacillation , obtained the rights to turn the work into an opera in 1895 . Turning the wordy French play into a succinct Italian opera took four years , during which the composer repeatedly argued with his librettists and publisher . Tosca premiered at a time of unrest in Rome , and its first performance was delayed for a day for fear of disturbances . Despite indifferent reviews from the critics , the opera was an immediate success with the public . </P> <P> Musically , Tosca is structured as a through - composed work , with arias , recitative , choruses and other elements musically woven into a seamless whole . Puccini used Wagnerian leitmotifs to identify characters , objects and ideas . While critics have often dismissed the opera as a facile melodrama with confusions of plot -- musicologist Joseph Kerman called it a `` shabby little shocker '' -- the power of its score and the inventiveness of its orchestration have been widely acknowledged . The dramatic force of Tosca and its characters continues to fascinate both performers and audiences , and the work remains one of the most frequently performed operas . Many recordings of the work have been issued , both of studio and live performances . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Roles </Li> <Li> 3 Synopsis <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Historical context </Li> <Li> 3.2 Act 1 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Act 2 </Li> <Li> 3.4 Act 3 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Adaptation and writing </Li> <Li> 5 Reception and performance history <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Premiere </Li> <Li> 5.2 Subsequent productions </Li> <Li> 5.3 Critical reception </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Music <Ul> <Li> 6.1 General style </Li> <Li> 6.2 Act 1 </Li> <Li> 6.3 Act 2 </Li> <Li> 6.4 Act 3 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 List of arias and set numbers </Li> <Li> 8 Recordings </Li> <Li> 9 Editions and amendments </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Main article : La Tosca Punch cartoon depicting the end of Sardou 's La Tosca , 1888 <P> The French playwright Victorien Sardou wrote more than 70 plays , almost all of them successful , and none of them performed today . In the early 1880s Sardou began a collaboration with actress Sarah Bernhardt , whom he provided with a series of historical melodramas . His third Bernhardt play , La Tosca , which premiered in Paris on 24 November 1887 , and in which she starred throughout Europe , was an outstanding success , with more than 3,000 performances in France alone . </P> <P> Puccini had seen La Tosca at least twice , in Milan and Turin . On 7 May 1889 he wrote to his publisher , Giulio Ricordi , begging him to get Sardou 's permission for the work to be made into an opera : `` I see in this Tosca the opera I need , with no overblown proportions , no elaborate spectacle , nor will it call for the usual excessive amount of music . '' </P> <P> Ricordi sent his agent in Paris , Emanuele Muzio , to negotiate with Sardou , who preferred that his play be adapted by a French composer . He complained about the reception La Tosca had received in Italy , particularly in Milan , and warned that other composers were interested in the piece . Nonetheless , Ricordi reached terms with Sardou and assigned the librettist Luigi Illica to write a scenario for an adaptation . </P> <P> In 1891 , Illica advised Puccini against the project , most likely because he felt the play could not be successfully adapted to a musical form . When Sardou expressed his unease at entrusting his most successful work to a relatively new composer whose music he did not like , Puccini took offence . He withdrew from the agreement , which Ricordi then assigned to the composer Alberto Franchetti . Illica wrote a libretto for Franchetti , who was never at ease with the assignment . </P> <P> When Puccini once again became interested in Tosca , Ricordi was able to get Franchetti to surrender the rights so he could recommission Puccini . One story relates that Ricordi convinced Franchetti that the work was too violent to be successfully staged . A Franchetti family tradition holds that Franchetti gave the work back as a grand gesture , saying , `` He has more talent than I do . '' American scholar Deborah Burton contends that

The three-act Puccini opera first performed in 1900 is

Three act puccini opera first performed in 1900?

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, Sauron assumed his fairest form and approached Eönwë , emissary of the Valar , who nevertheless could not pardon a Maia like himself . Through Eönwë , Manwë as Lord of the Valar `` commanded Sauron to come before him for judgement , but ( he ) had left room for repentance and ultimate rehabilitation '' . Although Sauron 's repentance before Eönwë was genuine , if out of fear , he was ashamed to return to Valinor and receive a judgement or sentence due to his long service to Morgoth . Furthermore , the influence of his former master was still strong , so he escaped and hid in Middle - earth . </P> <H3> Second Age ( edit ) </H3> <P> About 500 years into the Second Age , Sauron reappeared . `` Bereft of his lord ... ( he ) fell into the folly of imitating him '' . `` Very slowly , beginning with fair motives : the reorganizing and rehabilitation of Middle - earth , ' neglected by the gods , ' he becomes a reincarnation of Evil , and a thing lusting for Complete Power '' , eventually rising to become `` master and god of Men '' . </P> <P> As for Sauron 's `` fair motives '' , Tolkien emphasized that at this time he `` was not indeed wholly evil , not unless all ' reformers ' who want to hurry up with ' reconstruction ' and ' reorganization ' are wholly evil , even before pride and the lust to exert their will eat them up '' . </P> <P> `` Though the only real good in , or rational motive for , all this ordering and planning and organization was the good of all inhabitants of Arda ( even admitting Sauron 's right to be their supreme lord ) , his ' plans ' , the idea coming from his own isolated mind , became the sole object of his will , and an end , the End , in itself ... ( H ) is capability of corrupting other minds , and even engaging their service , was a residue from the fact that his original desire for ' order ' had really envisaged the good estate ( especially physical well - being ) of his ' subjects ' . '' </P> The Rings of power ( edit ) <P> As part of a plan to seduce the Elves into his service , Sauron assumed a fair appearance as Annatar , `` Lord of Gifts '' , befriended the Elven - smiths of Eregion , led by Celebrimbor , and counselled them in arts and magic . Sauron hinted that he was an emissary of the Valar , specifically of Aulë , whom the Noldor in Exile held in high regard . Some of the Elves distrusted him , especially Galadriel and Gil - galad , the High King of the Noldor . The Elves in Eregion , however , did not heed their warnings . </P> <P> With Sauron 's assistance , the Elven - smiths forged the Rings of Power , which conferred great power upon their bearers . He then secretly forged the One Ring in the volcanic Mount Doom in Mordor . This `` One Ring to rule them all '' had the power to dominate the other Rings and enslave their wearers to Sauron 's will . The Rings of Power were extremely potent , however ; to create an instrument that could dominate even them , Sauron was forced to transfer a great part of his native power into it . Yet `` while he wore it , his power on earth was actually enhanced '' . </P> <P> Sauron 's plan would have succeeded had the Elves not detected his influence when he put on the One Ring . It was then the Elves saw him for who he really was , removed their Rings , and did not use them for as long as Sauron retained the One Ring . Enraged , Sauron initiated a great war and conquered much of the land west of Anduin . The Three Rings , however , had been forged by Celebrimbor himself without Sauron 's help . These rings were saved and remained in the hands of the Elves , specifically Gil - galad , Círdan , and Galadriel . </P> <P> This began the Dark Years . Sauron overran Eregion , killed Celebrimbor , leader of the Elven - smiths , and seized the Seven and the Nine Rings of Power that had been previously forged with his assistance . Sauron besieged Imladris , battled Moria and Lothlórien , and pushed further into Gil - galad 's realm . The Elves were hard pressed to defend Lindon and the Havens , but in the nick of time the powerful army from Númenor arrived to their aid , defeating Sauron 's forces and driving the remnant back to Mordor . The Númenóreans were descended from the Three Houses of the Edain who helped the Elves in their war against Morgoth . They lived on the island of Númenor in the seas between Middle - earth and Valinor , a reward for their service from the Valar , and theirs was the most powerful kingdom of Men at this time . </P> <P> In Unfinished Tales , `` The History of Galadriel and Celeborn '' states that Sauron and his bodyguard were all that was left of his original army . Gil - galad 's power after the War was such that Sauron was unable to move out of Mordor for some time . </P> Resurgence from Mordor ( edit ) <P> From this time on , Sauron became known as the Dark Lord of Mordor . Sauron fortified Mordor and completed the Dark Tower of Barad - dûr , already centuries in the building . He distributed the remaining rings of the Seven and the Nine to lords of Dwarves and Men . Dwarves proved too resilient to bend to his will , but the Men

In J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings, the one who has a ring of power is

Who has a ring of power in lotr?

-6280343799051483232

Philadelphia - wikipedia <H1> Philadelphia </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Pennsylvania city . For other uses , see Philadelphia ( disambiguation ) . `` Philly '' redirects here . For other uses , see Philly ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Philadelphia , Pennsylvania </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Consolidated city - county </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> City of Philadelphia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Clockwise from top : Philadelphia skyline ( 2015 ) ; City Hall ; Elfreth 's Alley ; paifang in Chinatown ; Ben Franklin Bridge ; SS United States at Port of Philadelphia ; College Hall at Penn ; Museum of Art ; Liberty Bell and Independence Hall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Flag </Td> <Td> Seal </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Etymology : Ancient Greek : φίλος phílos ( beloved , dear ) and ἀδελφός adelphós ( brother , brotherly ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Nickname ( s ) : `` Philly '' , `` City of Brotherly Love '' , `` The Athens of America '' more ... </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Motto ( s ) : `` Philadelphia maneto '' ( `` Let brotherly love endure '' or `` ... continue '' ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location of Philadelphia in Philadelphia County , Pennsylvania . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Philadelphia Location in the United States Philadelphia Philadelphia ( the US ) Show map of Pennsylvania Show map of the US Show all </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Coordinates : 40 ° 00 ′ 34 '' N 75 ° 08 ′ 00 '' W  /  40.009376 ° N 75.133346 ° W  / 40.009376 ; - 75.133346 Coordinates : 40 ° 00 ′ 34 '' N 75 ° 08 ′ 00 '' W  /  40.009376 ° N 75.133346 ° W  / 40.009376 ; - 75.133346 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commonwealth </Th> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> County </Th> <Td> Philadelphia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Historic countries </Th> <Td> Kingdom of England Kingdom of Great Britain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Historic colony </Th> <Td> Province of Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> October 27 , 1682 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Incorporated </Th> <Td> October 25 , 1701 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded by </Th> <Td> William Penn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Government </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Mayor -- Council </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Body </Th> <Td> Philadelphia City Council </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mayor </Th> <Td> Jim Kenney ( D ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Area </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Consolidated city - county </Th> <Td> 142.71 sq mi ( 369.62 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Land </Th> <Td> 134.18 sq mi ( 347.52 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water </Th> <Td> 8.53 sq mi ( 22.09 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elevation </Th> <Td> 39 ft ( 12 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population ( 2016 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Consolidated city - county </Th> <Td> 1,567,872 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Estimate ( 2016 ) </Th> <Td> 1,567,872 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Td> US : 6th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Density </Th> <Td> 11,685.02 / sq mi ( 4,511.61 / km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Metro </Th> <Td> 6,069,875 ( US : 7th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CSA </Th> <Td> 7,183,479 ( US : 8th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Demonym </Th> <Td> Philadelphian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time zone </Th> <Td> EST ( UTC - 5 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Summer ( DST ) </Th> <Td> EDT ( UTC - 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ZIP code </Th> <Td> 19092 - 19093 , 19099 , 191xx </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area code ( s ) </Th> <Td> 215 , 267 , 445 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FIPS code </Th> <Td> 42 - 60000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GNIS feature ID </Th> <Td> 1215531 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.phila.gov </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Philadelphia ( / ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə / ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States , with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh - largest metropolitan statistical area , as of 2016 . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth - largest combined statistical area in the United States . </P> <P> William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia was one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. , was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany -- the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans . The city 's population doubled from one million to two million people between 1890 and 1950 . </P> <P> The Philadelphia area 's many universities and colleges make it a top study

Philadelphia is known as the City of

Philadelphia is known as the city of what?

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List of urban parks by size - wikipedia <H1> List of urban parks by size </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A list of international urban parks larger than 1,000 acres ( 405 hectares ; 4 square kilometres ; 2 square miles ) and contained entirely within a city 's municipal or metropolitan boundary . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Region / State </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Park name </Th> <Th> Size in acres </Th> <Th> Size in hectares </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Losiny Ostrov National Park </Td> <Td> 7008116213575882060 ♠ 28,717.0 </Td> <Td> 7008115999901862958 ♠ 11,600.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> El Paso </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Franklin Mountains State Park </Td> <Td> 7007981281745303552 ♠ 24,248.0 </Td> <Td> 7007981281745303552 ♠ 9,812.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Edmonton </Td> <Td> Alberta </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> North Saskatchewan River valley parks system </Td> <Td> 7007728434156032000 ♠ 18,000.0 </Td> <Td> 7007728434156032000 ♠ 7,284.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sydney </Td> <Td> New South Wales </Td> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Western Sydney Parklands </Td> <Td> 7007527999832400803 ♠ 13,047.2 </Td> <Td> 7007527999832400803 ♠ 5,280.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lahore and Kasur </Td> <Td> Punjab </Td> <Td> Pakistan </Td> <Td> Changa Manga </Td> <Td> 7007502740973354752 ♠ 12,423.0 </Td> <Td> 7007502740973354752 ♠ 5,027.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Toronto </Td> <Td> Ontario </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> Rouge Park </Td> <Td> 7007500029579551744 ♠ 12,356.0 </Td> <Td> 7007500029579551744 ♠ 5,000.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dallas </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Trinity River Project </Td> <Td> 7007404685642240000 ♠ 10,000.0 </Td> <Td> 7007404685642240000 ♠ 4,046.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> London </Td> <Td> Greater London </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Lee Valley Park </Td> <Td> 7007404685642240000 ♠ 10,000.0 </Td> <Td> 7007404685642240000 ♠ 4,046.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Cullen Park </Td> <Td> 7007375143590356480 ♠ 9,270.0 </Td> <Td> 7007375143590356480 ♠ 3,751.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ulsan </Td> <Td> Yeongnam </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> Ulsan Grand Park </Td> <Td> 7007364014735194880 ♠ 8,995.0 </Td> <Td> 7007364014735194880 ♠ 3,640.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Topanga State Park </Td> <Td> 7007362598335447040 ♠ 8,960.0 </Td> <Td> 7007362598335447040 ♠ 3,626.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seongnam and Gwangju </Td> <Td> Gyeonggi - do </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> Namhansanseong </Td> <Td> 7007344499984154782 ♠ 8,512.8 </Td> <Td> 7007344499984154782 ♠ 3,445.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Izmaylovsky Park </Td> <Td> 7007159999753001144 ♠ 3,953.7 </Td> <Td> 7007160404438643384 ♠ 1,604.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jacksonville </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve </Td> <Td> 7007318487600442880 ♠ 7,870.0 </Td> <Td> 7007318487600442880 ♠ 3,184.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> George Bush Park </Td> <Td> 7007315654800947200 ♠ 7,800.0 </Td> <Td> 7007315654800947200 ♠ 3,156.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phoenix </Td> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> North Mountain Preserve </Td> <Td> 7007303514231680000 ♠ 7,500.0 </Td> <Td> 7007303514231680000 ♠ 3,035.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Louisville </Td> <Td> Kentucky </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Jefferson Memorial Forest </Td> <Td> 7007243256539550464 ♠ 6,011.0 </Td> <Td> 7007243256539550464 ♠ 2,432.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Diego </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Mission Trails Regional Park </Td> <Td> 7007292142565133056 ♠ 7,219.0 </Td> <Td> 7007292142565133056 ♠ 2,921.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Raleigh </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> William B. Umstead State Park </Td> <Td> 7007225774119805696 ♠ 5,579.0 </Td> <Td> 7007225774119805696 ♠ 2,257.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Bitsa Park </Td> <Td> 7007220836954970368 ♠ 5,457.0 </Td> <Td> 7007220836954970368 ♠ 2,208.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brescia </Td> <Td> Lombardy </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Brescia Hills Park ( part ) </Td> <Td> 7007218299575993523 ♠ 5,394.3 </Td> <Td> 7007218299575993523 ♠ 2,183.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mexico City </Td> <Td> State of Mexico </Td> <Td> Mexico </Td> <Td> Sierra de Guadalupe </Td> <Td> 7007215373698800128 ♠ 5,322.0 </Td> <Td> 7007215373698800128 ♠ 2,153.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Honolulu </Td> <Td> Hawaii </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Ahupua ʻa O Kahana State Park </Td> <Td> 7007211610122327296 ♠ 5,229.0 </Td> <Td> 7007211610122327296 ♠ 2,116.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portland </Td> <Td> Oregon </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Forest Park </Td> <Td> 7007208696385703168 ♠ 5,157.0 </Td> <Td> 7007208696385703168 ♠ 2,087.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indianapolis </Td> <Td> Indiana </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Eagle Creek Park and Golf Course </Td> <Td> 7007192873177091584 ♠ 4,766.0 </Td> <Td> 7007192873177091584 ♠ 1,928.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Memphis </Td> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Shelby Farms </Td> <Td> 7007182108539008000 ♠ 4,500.0 </Td> <Td> 7007182108539008000 ♠ 1,821.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anchorage </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Far North Bicentennial Park </Td> <Td> 7007182108539008000 ♠ 4,500.0 </Td> <Td> 7007182108539008000 ♠ 1,821.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Santiago </Td> <Td> Santiago Metropolitan Region </Td> <Td> Chile </Td> <Td> Parque Metropolitano de Santiago </Td> <Td> 7007178466368227840 ♠ 4,410.0 </Td> <Td> 7007178466368227840 ♠ 1,784.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Halifax </Td> <Td> Nova Scotia </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> Blue Mountain Birch Cove Wilderness Area </Td> <Td> 4,366.4 </Td> <Td> 1,767.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Virginia Beach </Td> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> False Cape State Park and Natural Area Preserve </Td> <Td> 7007174864666011904 ♠ 4,321.0 </Td> <Td> 7007174864666011904 ♠ 1,748.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Madrid </Td> <Td> Madrid </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Casa de Campo </Td> <Td> 7007172234209337344 ♠ 4,256.0 </Td> <Td> 7007172234209337344 ♠ 1,722.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Griffith Park </Td> <Td> 7007170655935332608 ♠ 4,217.0 </Td> <Td> 7007170655935332608 ♠ 1,706.6 </Td>

The largest city park in the United States is

What's the largest city park in the united states?

-7347094240747004920

Jump to : navigation , search Jewish calendar , showing Adar II between 1927 and 1948 <Table> <Tr> <Td> Today </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tuesday </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 9 January </Li> <Li> 2018 CE </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 22 Tevet </Li> <Li> AM 5778 </Li> </Ul> ( refresh ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Hebrew or Jewish calendar ( הַלּוּחַ הָעִבְרִי ‬ , Ha - Luah ha - Ivri ) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances . It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions , yahrzeits ( dates to commemorate the death of a relative ) , and daily Psalm readings , among many ceremonial uses . In Israel , it is used for religious purposes , provides a time frame for agriculture and is an official calendar for civil purposes , although the latter usage has been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar . </P> <P> The present Hebrew calendar is the product of evolution , including a Babylonian influence . Until the Tannaitic period ( approximately 10 -- 220 CE ) , the calendar employed a new crescent moon , with an additional month normally added every two or three years to correct for the difference between twelve lunar months and the solar year . The year in which it was added was based on observation of natural agriculture - related events in Israel . Through the Amoraic period ( 200 -- 500 CE ) and into the Geonic period , this system was gradually displaced by the mathematical rules used today . The principles and rules were fully codified by Maimonides in the Mishneh Torah in the 12th century . Maimonides ' work also replaced counting `` years since the destruction of the Temple '' with the modern creation - era Anno Mundi . </P> <P> The Hebrew lunar year is about eleven days shorter than the solar year and uses the 19 - year Metonic cycle to bring it into line with the solar year , with the addition of an intercalary month every two or three years , for a total of seven times per 19 years . Even with this intercalation , the average Hebrew calendar year is longer by about 6 minutes and 40 seconds than the current mean tropical year , so that every 216 years the Hebrew calendar will fall a day behind the current mean tropical year ; and about every 231 years it will fall a day behind the mean Gregorian calendar year . </P> <P> The era used since the Middle Ages is the Anno Mundi epoch ( Latin for `` in the year of the world '' ; Hebrew : לבריאת העולם ‬ , `` from the creation of the world '' ) . As with Anno Domini ( A.D. or AD ) , the words or abbreviation for Anno Mundi ( A.M. or AM ) for the era should properly precede the date rather than follow it . </P> <P> AM 5778 began at sunset on 20 September 2017 and will end at sunset on 9 September 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Components <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Day and hours </Li> <Li> 1.2 Weeks <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Names of weekdays </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Days of week of holidays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Months <Ul> <Li> 1.3. 1 Importance of lunar months </Li> <Li> 1.3. 2 Names of months </Li> <Li> 1.3. 3 Leap months </Li> <Li> 1.3. 4 Constellations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.4 Years <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 Anno Mundi </Li> <Li> 1.4. 2 Previous systems </Li> <Li> 1.4. 3 New year </Li> <Li> 1.4. 4 Leap years </Li> <Li> 1.4. 5 Rosh Hashanah postponement rules </Li> <Li> 1.4. 6 Deficient , regular , and complete years </Li> <Li> 1.4. 7 Four gates </Li> <Li> 1.4. 8 Holidays </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Mishnaic period </Li> <Li> 2.2 Modern calendar </Li> <Li> 2.3 Usage in contemporary Israel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Other practices <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Karaite calendar </Li> <Li> 3.2 Samaritan calendar </Li> <Li> 3.3 The Qumran calendar </Li> <Li> 3.4 Persian civil calendar </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Astronomical calculations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Synodic month -- the molad interval </Li> <Li> 4.2 Seasonal drift </Li> <Li> 4.3 Implications for Jewish ritual </Li> <Li> 4.4 Worked example </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Rectifying the Hebrew calendar </Li> <Li> 6 Conversion between Jewish and civil calendars </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10 External links <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Date converters </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Components ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Day and hours ( edit ) </H3> Further information : Zmanim <P> The Jewish day is of no fixed length . The Jewish day is modeled on the reference to `` ... there was evening and there was morning ... '' in the creation account in the first chapter of Genesis . Based on the classic rabbinic interpretation of this text , a day in the rabbinic Hebrew calendar runs from sunset ( start of `` the evening '' ) to the next sunset . In most populated parts of the world this is always approximately 24 standard hours , but , depending on the season of the year , it can be slightly less or slightly more . Halachically , a day ends and a new one starts when three stars are visible in the sky . The time between true sunset and the time when the three stars are visible ( known as ' tzait ha'kochavim ' ) is known as ' bein hashmashot ' , and there are differences of opinion as to which day it falls into for some uses . This may be relevant , for example , in determining the date of birth of a child born during that gap . </P> <P> There is no clock in the Jewish scheme , so that the

The current year in the Jewish calendar is

What year is it for the jewish calendar?

6848877582744849076

Indo - Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE , a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia ( Sogdiana , Bactria , Arachosia , Gandhara , Sindh , Kashmir , Punjab , Haryana , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Bihar ) . These dynasties were Saka and The Pahlavas. After the conquest of Bactria by the Sakas in 135 BCE there must have been considerable intercourse sometimes of a friendly , sometimes of a hostile character , between them and the Parthians , who occupied the neighboring territory . </P> <P> Maues , whose coins are found only in the Punjab , was the first king of what may be called the Azes group of princes . His silver is not plentiful ; the finest type is that with a `` biga '' ( two - horsed chariot ) on the obverse , and this type belongs to a square Hemi drachm , the only square aka silver coin known . His most common copper coins , with an elephant 's head on the obverse and a `` Caduceus '' ( staff of the god Hermes ) on the reverse are imitated from a round copper coin of Demetrius . On another copper square coin of Maues the king is represented on horseback . This striking device is characteristic both of the Saka and Pahlava coinage ; it first appears in a slightly different form on coins of the Indo - Greek Hippostratos ; the Gupta kings adopted it for their `` horseman '' type , and it reappears in Medieval India on the coins of numerous Hindu kingdoms until the 14th century CE . </P> <H3> Coins of Kanishka and Huvishka ( 100 CE -- 200 CE ) ( edit ) </H3> Coin of Kanishka in Greek script , with illustration of the Buddha on the reverse . <P> Kanishka 's copper coinage which came into the scene during 100 -- 200 CE was of two types : one had the usual `` standing king '' obverse , and on the rarer second type the king is sitting on a throne . At about the same time there was Huvishka 's copper coinage which was more varied ; on the reverse , as on Kanishka 's copper , there was always one of the numerous deities ; on the obverse the king was portrayed ( 1 ) riding on an elephant , or ( 2 ) reclining on a couch , or ( 3 ) seated cross-legged , or ( 4 ) seated with arms raised . </P> <H3> Coinage of the Guptas Empire ( 320 CE -- 480 CE ) ( edit ) </H3> Silver coin of Chandragupta II of Gupta Empire , in the style of the Western Satrap , with pseudo-Greek script on the obverse , 400 CE . Gold coins of Chandragupta II of Gupta Empire , 400 CE . <P> The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals , as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II . </P> <P> The splendid gold coinage of Guptas , with its many types and infinite varieties and its inscriptions in Sanskrit , are the finest examples of the purely Indian art that we possess . Their era starts from around 320 with Chandragupta I 's accession to the throne. Son of Chandragupta I - Samudragupta , the real founder of the Gupta Empire had coinage made of gold only . There were seven different varieties of coins that appeared during his reign . Out of them the archer type is the most common and characteristic type of the Gupta dynasty coins , which were struck by at least eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom . </P> <P> The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II . Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins ( the Garuda and the Peacock types ) and also introduced some other new types . The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design . Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it . The gradual deterioration in design and execution of the gold coins and the disappearance of silver money , bear ample evidence to their curtailed territory . The percentage of gold in Indian coins under the reign of Gupta rulers showed a steady financial decline over the centuries as it decreases from 90 % pure gold under Chandragupta I ( 319 - 335 ) to a mere 75 - 80 % under Skandagupta ( 467 ) . </P> <H3> Coinage of the rajputs ( 900 CE -- 1400 CE ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The coins of various Rajput princes 's ruling in Hindustan and Central India were usually of gold , copper or billon , very rarely silver . These coins had the familiar goddess of wealth , Lakshmi on the obverse . In these coins , the Goddess was shown with four arms than the usual two arms of the Gupta coins ; the reverse carried the Nagari legend . The seated bull and horseman were almost invariable devices on Rajput copper and bullion coins . </P> <H2> Late middle ages -- contemporary history ( 1300 CE -- 2000 CE ) ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The Alf coins of king Akbar ( 1582 CE -- 1610 CE ) ( edit ) </H3> Silver coin of Akbar with inscriptions of the Islamic declaration of faith , the declaration reads : `` There is no god but Allah , and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah . '' <P> Political orders in Medieval India were based on a relationship and association of power by which

The first dynasty to issue gold coins in India was

First dynasty to issue gold coins in india?

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Kal Ho Naa Ho ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> Kal Ho Naa Ho ( song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Kal Ho Naa Ho '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Sonu Nigam </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Kal Ho Naa Ho soundtrack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 27 September 2003 ( India ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Romance </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 5 : 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Sony Music </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Shankar - Ehsaan - Loy ( music ) Javed Akhtar ( lyrics ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Karan Johar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Kal Ho Naa Ho ( Hindi : कल हो ना हो , English : Tomorrow May Never Come ) is a Hindi song from the 2003 Hindi film Kal Ho Naa Ho directed by Nikhil Advani . The song is one of the most popular Hindi film songs all time . The song was composed by Shankar - Ehsaan - Loy with lyrics penned by Javed Akhtar and sung by Sonu Nigam . It quickly became popular upon release . There is also a sad version of the song in the film on which Sonu Nigam is joined by Alka Yagnik and Richa Sharma . </P> <P> Sonu Nigam was busy when the song was to be recorded . Instead of opting for some other singer , Karan Johar decided to wait for a month before Sonu came back and recorded the song for the movie The song was featured in Outlook 's list of Bollywood 's Timeless Melodies , making it the only contemporary selection on the list . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 About the song </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy </Li> <Li> 3 Awards </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> About the song ( edit ) </H2> <P> The theme of the song was composed by Loy Mendonsa of the Shankar - Ehsaan - Loy trio and Shankar Mahadevan arranged the groove . </P> <P> In a later interview in the documentary `` Pancham unmixed '' , Shankar , Ehsaan and Loy revealed that the music of the segment `` har pal yahaan '' in the song was inspired by the music of R.D. Burman . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was featured in Outlook magazine 's 20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever list . The jury was composed of celebrities such as Gulzar , Hariharan , Javed Akhtar , Kumar Sanu and Shantanu Moitra . Each jury member was asked to nominate 10 favorites and the songs the winners were ranked according to the number of votes each song got . `` Kal Ho Naa Ho '' was ranked at 19 making it the only contemporary selection in the list . </P> <P> The track was featured in Hindustan Times 's `` Song of the Century '' list , which described the song as `` one of the most unforgettable tunes in recent times . '' </P> <H2> Awards ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer - Sonu Nigam </Li> <Li> IIFA Best Male Playback Award - Sonu Nigam </Li> <Li> Filmfare Best Male Playback Award - Sonu Nigam </Li> <Li> IIFA Best Lyricist Award - Javed Akhtar </Li> <Li> Filmfare Best Lyricist Award - Javed Akhtar </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I Do n't Want to Sing ' Crap ' in Bollywood : Sonu Nigam '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Shankar Ehsaan Loy still making waves for Kal Ho Na Ho '' . Bollywood Hungama . Retrieved July 1 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I have to compliment Himesh . If we have 2 hits a year , he has 20 '' . Bollywood Hungama . Retrieved March 24 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rajeev , Masand . `` To Catch a Star : Shankar , Ehsaan , Loy on music , masti '' . CNN IBN . Retrieved Mar 31 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Singh , Brahmanand S. `` Pancham unmixed - a documentary about R.D. Burman '' . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 20 Best Hindi Film Songs Ever '' . Outlook . Retrieved June 26 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Songs of the Century - Hindustan Times '' . 2012 - 08 - 20 . Archived from the original on 2012 - 08 - 04 . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 20 . this song one of the most unforgettable tunes in recent times . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kal_Ho_Naa_Ho_(song)&oldid=829528571 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Indian songs </Li> <Li> Hindi film songs </Li> <Li> Songs with music by Shankar -- Ehsaan -- Loy </Li> <Li> Songs with lyrics by Javed Akhtar </Li> <Li> Sonu Nigam songs </Li> <Li> Music videos featuring Shah Rukh Khan </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from May 2017 </Li> <Li> Articles with permanently dead external links </Li> <Li> Pages using web citations with no URL </Li> <Li> Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Articles containing Hindi - language text </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li>

The singer of the song "Kal Ho Na Ho" is

Who is the singer of kal ho na ho?

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Deputy : Anna Shiweda </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Defence : Penda ya Ndakolo <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Billy Mwaningange </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Education , Arts and Culture : Katrina Hanse - Himarwa <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Anna Nghipondoka </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Environment and Tourism : Pohamba Shifeta <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Tommy Nambahu ( until February 2018 ) , Bernadette Jagger </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Finance : Calle Schlettwein <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Natangwe Ithete </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources : Bernhard Esau <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Chief Samuel Ankama ( until February 2018 ) , Sylvia Makgone </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Gender Equality and Child Welfare : Doreen Sioka <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Lucia Witbooi </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Health and Social Services : Berhard Haufiku <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Juliet Kavetuna </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Higher Education , Training and Innovation : Itah Murangi - Kandjii <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Becky Ndoze - Ojo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Home Affairs and Immigration : Pendukeni Iivula - Ithana ( until February 2018 ) , Frans Kapofi <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Erastus Uutoni </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Industrialisation , Trade and SME Development : Immanuel Ngatjizeko ( until February 2018 ) , Tjekero Tweya <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Piet van der Walt ( until February 2018 ) , Lucia Iipumbu </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Information and Communication Technology : Tjekero Tweya ( until February 2018 ) , Stanley Simataa <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Stanley Simaata ( until February 2018 ) , Engel Nawatiseb </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Justice : Albert Kawana ( until February 2018 ) , Sackeus Shanghala <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Lidwina Shapwa </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Labour , Industrial Relations and Employment Creation : Erkki Nghimtina <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Alpheus Muheua ( until February 2018 ) , Tommy Nambahu </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Land Reform : Utoni Nujoma <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Bernadus Swartbooi ( until December 2016 ) , Priscilla Boois ( from December 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Mines and Energy : Obeth Kandjoze ( until February 2018 ) , Tom Alweendo <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Kornelia Shilunga </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare : Bishop Zephania Kameeta <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Priscilla Beukes </Li> <Li> Deputy : Reverend Aino Kapewangolo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Presidential Affairs : Frans Kapofi ( until February 2018 ) , Immanuel Ngatjizeko <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Christine ǁHoebes ( until February 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Public Enterprises : Leon Jooste <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Engel Nawatiseb ( until February 2018 ) , Veikko Nekundi </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Safety and Security : Charles Namoloh <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Daniel Kashikolo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Sport , Youth and National Service : Jerry Ekandjo ( until February 2018 ) , Erastus Utoni <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Agnes Tjongarero </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Urban and Rural Development : Sophia Shaningwa ( until February 2018 ) , Peya Mushelenga <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Derek Klazen </Li> <Li> Deputy : Sylvia Makgone ( until February 2018 ) , Chief Samuel Ankama </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Veterans ' Affairs : Nickey Iyambo <Ul> <Li> Deputy for the recognition of the disabled : Alexia Manombe - Ncube </Li> <Li> Deputy for the recognition of marginalised people : Royal / Ui / o / oo </Li> <Li> Deputy for the recognition of veterans of the fight for independence : Hilma Nicanor </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Works and Transport : Alpheus ǃNaruseb ( until February 2018 ) , John Mutorwa <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Sankwasa James Sankwasa </Li> <Li> Deputy : Kilus Nguvauva </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H3> 2010 -- 2015 ( edit ) </H3> <P> This Cabinet was appointed in 2010 . The SWAPO congress end of November 2012 resulted in `` one of the biggest Cabinet reshuffles the country has seen since independence '' . </P> <Ul> <Li> President : Hifikepunye Pohamba </Li> <Li> Prime Minister : Nahas Angula ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Hage Geingob ( 2012 - 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Deputy Prime Minister : Marco Hausiku </Li> <Li> Speaker of Parliament : Theo - Ben Gurirab <Ul> <Li> Deputy Speaker : Loide Kasingo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Trade and Industry : Hage Geingob ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Calle Schlettwein ( 2012 - 2015 ) <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Tjekero Tweya </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Justice : Pendukeni Iivula - Ithana ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Utoni Nujoma ( 2012 - 2015 ) <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Tommy Nambahu </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Safety and Security : Nangolo Mbumba ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Immanuel Ngatjizeko ( 2012 - 2015 ) <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Erastus Uutoni </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Presidential Affairs and Attorney General : Albert Kawana <Ul> <Li> Deputy : none </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Defence : Charles Namoloh ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Nahas Angula ( 2012 - 2015 ) <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Lempy Lucas ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Petrus Iilonga ( 2012 - 2015 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Home Affairs and Immigration : Rosalia Nghidinwa ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Pendukeni Iivula - Ithana ( 2012 - 2015 ) <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Elia Kaiyamo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Finance : Saara Kuugongelwa - Amadhila <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Calle Schlettwein ( 2010 - 2012 ) , vacant as from 4 December 2012 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Regional and Local Government , Housing and Rural Development : Jerry Ekandjo ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Charles Namoloh ( 2012 - 2015 ) <Ul> <Li> Deputy : Priscilla Beukes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minister of Foreign Affairs : Utoni Nujoma ( 2010 - 2012 ) , Netumbo Nandi

The Minister of Youth in Namibia is

Who is the minister of youth in namibia?

8576065768686847484

Crown - of - thorns starfish - wikipedia <H1> Crown - of - thorns starfish </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Crown - of - thorns starfish </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Animalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phylum : </Td> <Td> Echinodermata </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class : </Td> <Td> Asteroidea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Valvatida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Acanthasteridae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Acanthaster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Species : </Td> <Td> Acanthaster planci </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Binomial name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Acanthaster planci ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The crown - of - thorns starfish , Acanthaster planci , is a large , multiple - armed starfish that usually preys upon hard , or stony , coral polyps ( Scleractinia ) . The crown - of - thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn - like spines that cover its upper surface , resembling the biblical crown of thorns . It is one of the largest starfish in the world . </P> <P> A. planci has a very wide Indo - Pacific distribution . It is perhaps most common in Australia , but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean , and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America . It occurs where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in this region . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Description </Li> <Li> 2 Taxonomy <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Family </Li> <Li> 2.2 Genus and species </Li> <Li> 2.3 Genetic studies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Biology <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Toxins </Li> <Li> 3.2 Behaviour </Li> <Li> 3.3 Predators </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Life - cycle <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Gametes and embryos </Li> <Li> 4.2 Larval stages </Li> <Li> 4.3 Metamorphosis , development and growth </Li> <Li> 4.4 Field observations of life - cycle </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Ecology <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ecological impact on reefs </Li> <Li> 5.2 Population outbreaks </Li> <Li> 5.3 Causes of population outbreaks </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Population control </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> Unusual brightly coloured crown - of - thorns starfish , Thailand <P> The body form of the crown - of - thorns starfish is fundamentally the same as that of a typical starfish , with a central disk and radiating arms . Its special traits , however , include being disc - shaped , multiple - armed , flexible , prehensile , and heavily spined , and having a large ratio of stomach surface to body mass . Its prehensile ability arises from the two rows of numerous tube feet that extend to the tip of each arm . In being multiple - armed , it has lost the five-fold symmetry ( pentamerism ) typical of starfish , although it begins its life cycle with this symmetry . </P> <P> Adult crown - of - thorns starfish normally range in size from 25 to 35 cm ( 9.8 to 13.8 in ) . They have up to 21 arms . Although the body of the crown of thorns has a stiff appearance , it is able to bend and twist to fit around the contours of the corals on which it feeds . The underside of each arm has a series of closely fitting plates which form a groove and extend in rows to the mouth . They are usually of subdued colours , pale brown to grey - green , but they may be garish with bright warning colours in some parts of their wide range . </P> <P> The long , sharp spines on the sides of the starfish 's arms and upper ( aboral ) surface resemble thorns and create a crown - like shape , giving the creature its name . The spines are stiff and very sharp , and readily pierce through soft surfaces . Despite the battery of sharp spines on the aboral surface and blunt spines on the oral surface , the crown - of - thorns starfish 's general body surface is membranous and soft . When the starfish is removed from the water , the body surface ruptures and the body fluid leaks out , so the body collapses and flattens . The spines bend over and flatten , as well . They recover their shape when reimmersed , if they are still alive . </P> <H2> Taxonomy ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Family ( edit ) </H3> <P> The family Acanthasteridae is monogeneric ; its position within the Asteroides is unsettled . It is generally recognised as a distinctly isolated taxon . Recently , Blake concluded from comparative morphology studies of Acanthaster planci that it has strong similarities with various members of the Oreasteridae . He transferred Acanthasteridae from the Spinulosida to the Valvatida and assigned it a position near to the Oreasteridae , from which it appears to be derived . He attributed Acanthaster morphology as possibly evolving in association with its locomotion over irregular coral surfaces in higher energy environments . There is a complication , however , in that Acanthaster is not a monospecific genus and any consideration of the genus must also take into account another species , Acanthaster brevispinus , which lives in a completely different environment . A. brevispinus lives on soft substrates , perhaps buried in the substrate at times like other soft substrate - inhabiting starfish , at moderate depths where presumably the surface is regular and there is little wave action . </P> <H3> Genus and species ( edit ) </H3> Short - spined form from Gulf of California -- live specimen <P> Acanthaster planci has a long history in the scientific literature with great confusion in the generic and species names from the outset , with a

The Crown of Thorns starfish originated from the

Where did the crown of thorns starfish come from?

350873972182122769

The Star ( 2017 film ) - Wikipedia <H1> The Star ( 2017 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Star </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Timothy Reckart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Jenni Magee Cook </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Carlos Kotkin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Carlos Kotkin </Li> <Li> Simon Moore </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Nativity of Jesus </Li> <Li> An original idea by Tom Sheridan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Steven Yeun </Li> <Li> Gina Rodriguez </Li> <Li> Zachary Levi </Li> <Li> Keegan - Michael Key </Li> <Li> Kelly Clarkson </Li> <Li> Patricia Heaton </Li> <Li> Kristin Chenoweth </Li> <Li> Tracy Morgan </Li> <Li> Tyler Perry </Li> <Li> Oprah Winfrey </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> John Paesano </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Columbia Pictures </Li> <Li> Sony Pictures Animation </Li> <Li> The Jim Henson Company </Li> <Li> Franklin Entertainment </Li> <Li> Walden Media </Li> <Li> Affirm Films </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Columbia Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> November 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 17 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 86 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $20 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $61 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Star is a 2017 American computer - animated Christian adventure comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart . Based on the Nativity of Jesus , and an original idea by Tom Sheridan , the screenplay was written by Carlos Kotkin and Simon Moore . It is produced by Sony Pictures Animation , with partnership from Walden Media , Affirm Films and The Jim Henson Company . It stars the voices of Steven Yeun , Gina Rodriguez , Zachary Levi , Keegan - Michael Key , Kelly Clarkson , Patricia Heaton , Kristin Chenoweth , Tracy Morgan , Tyler Perry , and Oprah Winfrey . </P> <P> The film was released by Columbia Pictures through its parental label Sony Pictures Entertainment on November 17 , 2017 in the United States . It was met with mixed reviews and has grossed $61 million worldwide . The film received a nomination for Best Original Song ( `` The Star '' ) at the 75th Golden Globe Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.2 Soundtrack </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In `` 9 months B.C. '' , Mary is visited by an angel telling her she will bear the Messiah . A mouse named Abby overhears and tells the other animals as a star begins glowing brightly in the night . </P> <P> Six months later , a young donkey is tired of milling wheat and wishes to join a traveling caravan so that he may feel important . His father helps him escape the miller who owns them and he ends up with an injured ankle at the house of Mary and Joseph who just had their wedding dinner . Mary takes the donkey in and names him Boaz , Bo for short , and reveals to Joseph that she is pregnant , with Joseph accepting Mary 's situation after praying to God . During this time , Bo and his dove friend Dave , plot to escape despite Mary 's kindness , but end up staying three more months . </P> <P> Meanwhile , the three wise men and their camels , Felix , Cyrus and Deborah , arrive at the home of King Herod . The wise men reveal their gifts of gold , frankincense and myrrh , but when they reveal that it is for the `` new King '' , he sends them on their way to meet him , but secretly sends his head soldier and his two dogs , Thaddeus and Rufus , to find and kill the new King . </P> <P> As Mary and Joseph leave Nazareth in order to head to Bethlehem , Bo and Dave try another escape , but are confronted by Thaddeus and Rufus , who knew of the home by interrogating Abby . After learning that Mary and Joseph are not home , the soldier and his dogs leave to look for them . Feeling guilty , Bo decides to warn them with Dave joining him . Along the way they meet a friendly sheep named Ruth who left her flock when she saw the star but the others refused to follow her . They catch up to Mary and Joseph in time to warn them , and hide them in a market place where the soldier ties up his dogs . Bo releases the cart Mary and Joseph were using to roll down and cause a chain reaction that knocks the soldier down a well . However , he creates severe damage to the market in the process , and Joseph instead berates Bo as he was unaware of the danger . </P> <P> Upset with the current outcome , Bo leaves and Dave follows until they arrive at the caravan . While happy to have found it , Bo realizes that he liked being with Mary and tells Dave that he wants to go back . Dave admits that he is

The movie "The Star" was released on

When does the movie the star come out?

-898855323088411182

wrong with her physically . </P> <P> Leona has got into hysterics and phones a hospital , asking to hire a nurse for the night . The receptionist tells her that they are short staffed and she can only have a nurse if the doctor feels it is n't an emergency . She thinks it is only 11 : 00pm but discovers her clock has stopped , sending her into worse hysterics . </P> <P> Then Leona receives a telephone call from Waldo Evans , a chemist working for her father . He reluctantly discloses that Henry recruited him to steal valuable chemicals from the Cotterell drug company to sell to Morano . Later , Henry decided to bypass Morano when Evans was transferred to the New Jersey plant . Morano , however , showed up with two thugs and intimidated Henry into signing an IOU for $200,000 for his lost profits , due in three months . When Henry protested that he did not have that much money , Morano pointed out that Leona must have a large insurance policy . However , with Morano now in custody , Evans stresses that Henry no longer has to raise the now - overdue sum . Waldo leaves Leona with a telephone number to call to locate Henry , but when she calls the number she discovers to her horror that it is for the city morgue . </P> <P> When Henry finally calls from a train station in New Haven , Connecticut , Leona gives him Evans ' message . Seeing that it is only minutes from 11 : 15 , he pleads with her to go to the balcony and scream for help , but she protests that she can not , though she can hear somebody downstairs . When the intruder enters her bedroom , she begs for her life , then screams . The intruder strangles and kills Leona . Unaware of the policemen about to apprehend him , Henry frantically calls back , only to have a man answer , `` Sorry , wrong number . '' </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Barbara Stanwyck as Leona Stevenson </Li> <Li> Burt Lancaster as Henry J. Stevenson </Li> <Li> Ann Richards as Sally Hunt Lord </Li> <Li> Wendell Corey as Dr. Philip Salvador </Li> <Li> Harold Vermilyea as Waldo Evans </Li> <Li> Ed Begley as James Cotterell </Li> <Li> Leif Erickson as Fred Lord </Li> <Li> William Conrad as Morano </Li> <Li> John Bromfield as Joe - Detective </Li> <Li> Jimmy Hunt as Peter Lord </Li> <Li> Dorothy Neumann as Elizabeth Ramsey </Li> <Li> Paul Fierro as Harpootlian </Li> <Li> Bill Cartledge as Page Boy ( uncredited ) </Li> <Li> Holmes Herbert as Wilkins Mineral ( uncredited ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sorry , Wrong Number conforms to many of the conventions of film noir . The movie plays in real time , with many flashbacks to flesh out the story . Stanwyck 's bedroom window overlooks the night skyline of Manhattan . The film is shot very dark , with looming shadows and a circling camera used to maintain a high level of suspense . </P> <P> Hollywood 's Production Code Administration initially objected to elements of Fletcher 's screenplay , including its depiction of drug trafficking , and the script was significantly revised to win approval . </P> <P> For her role in the film , Stanwyck was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . </P> <H2> Radio play ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lucille Fletcher 's play originally aired on the Suspense radio program on May 25 , 1943 , essentially a one - woman show with Agnes Moorehead as Mrs. Stevenson . The play was reprised seven times , each starring Moorehead . The final broadcast was on February 14 , 1960 . </P> <P> Orson Welles called Sorry , Wrong Number `` the greatest single radio script ever written '' . </P> <P> In 2015 , the May 25 , 1943 broadcast was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for inclusion in the National Recording Registry . </P> <H2> Adaptations ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1950 Lux Radio Theatre Version ( edit ) </H3> <P> Another radio version -- an adaptation of the film -- was broadcast January 9 , 1950 , on Lux Radio Theatre . Barbara Stanwyck recreated her screen role </P> <H3> 1946 TV broadcast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Sorry , Wrong Number was made into a television play broadcast on station WCBW - TV ( now WCBS - TV ) in New York on January 30 , 1946 , starring Mildred Natwick and G. Swayne Gordon . </Li> </Ul> <H3> 1954 TV broadcast ( edit ) </H3> <P> A second live teleplay was broadcast on November 4 , 1954 , as the fourth episode of the CBS anthology series Climax ! , starring Lillian Bronson , adapted by Fletcher herself , with music provided by her then - husband , Bernard Herrmann . </P> <H3> 1958 Australian TV version ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> A version was produced for Australian television in 1958 starring Georgie Sterling . Sterling had performed in the play on radio in 1948 . </Li> </Ul> <H3> 1989 us TV movie ( edit ) </H3> <P> Another television version aired in 1989 , starring Loni Anderson , Patrick Macnee and Hal Holbrook . It was directed by Tony Wharmby and adapted by Ann Louise Bardach . </P> <H3> 1948 radio parody ( edit ) </H3> <P> On 17 October 1948 , Stanwyck did a parody of Sorry , Wrong Number on The Jack Benny Program . </P> <H2> Other media ( edit ) </H2> <P> Clips from Sorry , Wrong Number were used for the 1982 comedy - mystery Dead Men Do n't Wear Plaid , the 1991 thriller Dead Again and the 2014 action - thriller Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit . The latter two films were directed by Kenneth Branagh . </P>

The setting of the story "Sorry, Wrong Number" is

What is the setting of the story sorry wrong number?

8185245440398430688

promote a realistic hair pattern . The technicians generally do the final part of the procedure , inserting the individual grafts in place . </P> <P> FUE takes place in a single long session or multiple small sessions . The FUE procedure is more time consuming than strip surgery . An FUE surgery time varies according to the surgeons experience , speed in harvesting and patient characteristics . The procedue can take anywhere from a couple hours to extract 200 grafts for a scar correction to a surgery over two consecutive days for a megasession of 2,500 to 3,000 grafts . With the FUE Hair Transplant procedure there are restrictions on patient candidacy . Clients are selected for FUE based on a fox test , though there is some debate about the usefulness of this in screening clients for FUE . </P> <P> FUE can give very natural results . The advantage over strip harvesting is that FUE harvesting negates the need for large areas of scalp tissue to be harvested , so there is no linear incision on the back of the head and it does n't leave a linear scar . Because individual follicles are removed , only small , punctate scars remain which are virtually not visible and any post-surgical pain and discomfort is minimized . As no suture removal is required , recovery from Micro Grafting FUE is less than 7 days . </P> <P> Disadvantages include increased surgical times and higher cost to the patient . It is challenging for new surgeons because the procedure is physically demanding and the learning curve to acquire the skills necessary is lengthy and tough . Some surgeons note that FUE can lead to a lower ratio of successfully transplanted follicles as compared to strip harvesting . </P> <P> </P> Follicular unit transplant <P> Follicular unit transplant ( FUT ) is the traditional hair transplant method which involves extracting a linear strip of hair bearing skin from the back or the side of the scalp . The strip is then dissected to separate individual grafts . </P> Robotic hair restoration <P> Robotic hair restoration devices utilize cameras and robotic arms to assist the surgeon with the FUE procedure . In 2009 , NeoGraft became the first robotic surgical device FDA approved for hair restoration . The ARTAS System was FDA approved in 2011 for use in harvesting follicular units from brown - haired and black - haired men . Despite the advantages of robotic hair restoration systems , there are still some disadvantages such as the size of the punches being relatively large in comparison to what is used in other methods of FUE , and the high costs associated with the devices . </P> <H3> Types of surgery </H3> <P> There are a number of applications for hair transplant surgery , including : </P> <Ul> <Li> Androgenetic alopecia </Li> <Li> Eyebrow transplant </Li> <Li> Frontal hair line lowering or reconstruction ( naturally high hairlines without an existing hair loss condition ) </Li> </Ul> <P> If donor hair numbers from the back of the head are insufficient , it is possible to perform body hair transplantation ( BHT ) on appropriate candidates who have available donor hair on the chest , back , shoulders , torso and / or legs . Body hair transplant surgery can only be performed by the FUE harvesting method and , so , requires the skills of an experienced FUE surgeon . However , there are several factors for a potential BHT candidate to consider prior to surgery . These include understanding the natural difference in textural characteristics between body hair and scalp hair , growth rates , and having realistic expectations about the results of BHT surgery . </P> <H3> Postoperative care </H3> <P> Advances in wound care allow for semi-permeable dressing , which allow seepage of blood and tissue fluid , to be applied and changed at least daily . The vulnerable recipient area must be shielded from the sun , and shampooing is started two days after the surgery . Some surgeons will have the patient shampoo the day after surgery . Shampooing is important to prevent scabs from forming around the hair shaft . Scabs adhere to the hair shaft and increase the risk of losing newly transplanted hair follicles during the first 7 to 10 days post-op . </P> <P> During the first ten days , some of the transplanted hairs , inevitably traumatized by their relocation , may fall out . This is referred to as `` shock loss '' . After two to three months new hair will begin to grow from the moved follicles . The patient 's hair will grow normally , and continue to thicken through the next six to nine months . Any subsequent hair loss is likely to be only from untreated areas . Some patients elect to use medications to retard such loss , while others plan a subsequent transplant procedure to deal with this eventuality . </P> <H2> Side effects </H2> <P> Hair thinning , known as `` shock loss '' , is a common side effect that is usually temporary . Bald patches are also common , as fifty to a hundred hairs can be lost each day . Post-operative hiccups have also been seen in around 5 % of transplant patients . </P> <H2> History </H2> <P> The use of both scalp flaps , in which a band of tissue with its original blood supply is shifted to the continue bald area , and free grafts dates back to the 19th century . In 1897 , Menahem Hodara successfully implanted hair taken from the unaffected areas of the scalp on to the scars that were left bald by favus . Modern transplant techniques began in Japan in the 1930s , where surgeons used small grafts , and even `` follicular unit grafts '' to replace damaged areas of eyebrows or lashes , but not to treat baldness . Their efforts did not receive worldwide attention at the time , and the traumas of World War II kept their advances isolated for another

They obtain the hair for a hair transplant from the

Where do they get the hair for a hair transplant?

9163642493279224316

Moon landing - wikipedia <H1> Moon landing </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 1 March 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the general topic . For the first manned Moon landing , see Apollo 11 and Apollo program . For other uses , see Moon landing ( disambiguation ) . `` Race to the Moon '' redirects here . For the Cold War topic , see Space Race . <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date ( top ) . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> Luna programme ( USSR ) Chang'e 3 ( China ) </P> </Td> <Td> <P> Surveyor program ( USA ) Apollo program ( USA ) </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time . Except for the Apollo program , all soft landings were unmanned . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Luna 2 was the first man - made object to reach the surface of the Moon ( bottom - left ) . </Li> <Li> Still frame from a video transmission , taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon , at 02 : 56 UTC on 21 July 1969 . An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event , the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon . This includes both manned and unmanned ( robotic ) missions . The first human - made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union 's Luna 2 mission , on 13 September 1959 . </P> <P> The United States ' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon , on 20 July 1969 . There have been six manned U.S. landings ( between 1969 and 1972 ) and numerous unmanned landings , with no soft landings happening from 22 August 1976 until 14 December 2013 . </P> <P> To date , the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon , with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Unmanned landings </Li> <Li> 2 Manned landings </Li> <Li> 3 Scientific background </Li> <Li> 4 Political background </Li> <Li> 5 Early Soviet unmanned lunar missions ( 1958 -- 1965 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Early U.S. unmanned lunar missions ( 1958 -- 1965 ) <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Pioneer missions </Li> <Li> 6.2 Ranger missions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Soviet unmanned soft landings ( 1966 -- 1976 ) </Li> <Li> 8 U.S. unmanned soft landings ( 1966 -- 1968 ) </Li> <Li> 9 Transition from direct ascent landings to lunar orbit operations </Li> <Li> 10 Soviet lunar orbit satellites ( 1966 -- 1974 ) </Li> <Li> 11 U.S. lunar orbit satellites ( 1966 -- 1967 ) </Li> <Li> 12 Soviet circumlunar loop flights ( 1967 -- 1970 ) </Li> <Li> 13 Manned Moon landings ( 1969 -- 1972 ) <Ul> <Li> 13.1 US strategy </Li> <Li> 13.2 Soviet strategy </Li> <Li> 13.3 Apollo missions </Li> <Li> 13.4 Manned Moon landings </Li> <Li> 13.5 Other aspects of the Apollo Moon successful landings </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 Late 20th -- 21st century unmanned crash landings <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Hiten ( Japan ) </Li> <Li> 14.2 Lunar Prospector ( USA ) </Li> <Li> 14.3 SMART - 1 ( ESA ) </Li> <Li> 14.4 SELENE ( Japan ) </Li> <Li> 14.5 Chang'e 1 ( China ) </Li> <Li> 14.6 Chandrayaan - 1 and Chandrayaan - 2 ( India ) </Li> <Li> 14.7 LCROSS ( USA ) </Li> <Li> 14.8 GRAIL ( USA ) </Li> <Li> 14.9 LADEE ( USA ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 15 21st century unmanned soft landings <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Chang'e 3 ( China ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16 Landings on moons of other Solar System bodies </Li> <Li> 17 Proposed future missions </Li> <Li> 18 Historical empirical evidence </Li> <Li> 19 See also </Li> <Li> 20 References and notes </Li> <Li> 21 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Unmanned landings </H2> <P> After the unsuccessful attempt by the Luna 1 to land on the moon in 1959 , the Soviet Union performed the first hard ( unpowered ) moon landing later that same year with the Luna 2 spacecraft , a feat the U.S. duplicated in 1962 with Ranger 4 . Since then , twelve Soviet and U.S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface , between 1966 and 1976 . In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions . The U.S. followed with five unmanned Surveyor soft landings . </P> <P> The Soviet Union achieved the first unmanned lunar soil sample return with the Luna 16 probe on 24 September 1970 . This was followed by Luna 20 and Luna 24 in 1972 and 1976 , respectively . Following the failure at launch in 1969 of the first Lunokhod , Luna E-8 No. 201 , the Luna 17 and Luna 21 were successful unmanned lunar rover missions in 1970 and 1973 . </P> <P> Many missions were failures at launch . In addition , several unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful , including : Luna 15 , Luna 18 , and Luna 23 all crashed on landing ; and the U.S. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing . </P> <P> More recently , other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometres per hour ( 5,000 mph ) , often at precise

The last time anyone was on the moon was

When was the last time anyone was on the moon?

1689396195793528553

Sam Hill ( euphemism ) - wikipedia <H1> Sam Hill ( euphemism ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Sam Hill is an American English slang phrase , a euphemism or minced oath for `` the devil '' or `` hell '' personified ( as in , `` What in the Sam Hill is that ? '' ) . Etymologist Michael Quinion and others date the expression back to the late 1830s ; they and others consider the expression to have been a simple bowdlerization , with , according to the Oxford English Dictionary , an unknown origin . </P> <H2> Possible referents ( edit ) </H2> <P> Candidate referents for the use date back to at least the 19th century . The following are possibilities of the term 's origin . </P> <P> H.L. Mencken suggested that the phrase derives from Samiel , the name of the Devil in Der Freischütz , an opera by Carl Maria von Weber that was performed in New York City in 1825 . The phrase `` Sam Hill '' can also be seen in the variant `` Samil . '' </P> <P> Sam Hill was a mercantile store owner who offered a vast and diverse inventory of goods . People began using the term `` what in the Sam Hill is that ? '' to describe something they found odd or unusual , just like the inventory found in Sam Hill 's store . The original Sam Hill Mercantile building still stands on Montezuma Street in Prescott , Arizona , and is listed on the register of Historic Places . </P> <P> An article in the New England Magazine in December 1889 entitled `` Two Centuries and a Half in Guilford , Connecticut '' mentioned that , `` Between 1727 and 1752 Mr. Sam . Hill represented Guilford in forty - three out of forty - nine sessions of the Legislature , and when he was gathered to his fathers , his son Nathaniel reigned in his stead '' and a footnote queried whether this might be the source of the `` popular Connecticut adjuration to ' Give ' em Sam Hill ' ? '' </P> <P> The millionaire Samuel Hill , a businessman and `` good roads '' advocate in the Pacific Northwest , became associated with the phrase in the 1920s . A reference appeared in Time magazine when Hill convinced Queen Marie of Romania to travel to rural Washington to dedicate Hill 's Maryhill Museum of Art . The fact that `` Father of Good Roads '' Samuel Hill had n't been born when the figure of speech first appeared in a publication rules out the possibility that he was the original Sam Hill in question . </P> <P> A possible origin for the phrase `` Sam Hill '' is the surveyor Samuel W. Hill ( 1819 -- 1889 ) . Hill allegedly used such foul language that his name became a euphemism for swear words . In the words of Charles Eschbach , `` Back in the 1850s the Keweenaw 's copper mining boom was underway . There were about a dozen men who pretty much ran the Keweenaw . They were mining company agents , the ' go between ' for the investors from Boston and the actual mining production people . Their names were attached to every report sent back to eastern investors . Among these company agents was a man named Samuel W. Hill . Sam was a geologist , surveyor , and mining engineer and had considerable power in the Keweenaw . '' </P> <P> According to author Ellis W. Courter , Samuel Hill `` was an adventurer , explorer , miner , and surveyor . He had worked with Christopher C. Douglas and Douglas Houghton on the early State survey . His judgment was respected . Although he was a rough character , he possessed a big heart and in the fall of 1847 had risked his life to help avert a threatened food shortage in the Copper Harbor district . Generally he was regarded as a hero throughout the entire Copper Country , however , he was contemptuous of all the praise that was heaped upon him . Hill also gained a reputation as being one of the most blasphemous and obscene swearers in the Keweenaw Peninsula . Although he had a colorful vocabulary and told many a good story of his early adventures , his ubiquitous use of lurid cuss words became legendary . Whenever friends or neighbors retold his colorful tales in more polite society , they had to tame his unmentionables by substituting the sinless sounding words ' Sam Hill ' . In time the expression , ' What the Sam Hill ' spread far beyond the Copper Country . Today it has become a part of the American language . Few who utter these words ever heard of Samuel Hill , or know that he was the unconscious originator of a sinless synonym for profanity . '' </P> <P> Another possibility involves the former adjutant general of Kentucky Samuel Ewing Hill , who was sent by the governor of Kentucky to see what was going on in reference to the Hatfields & McCoys family feud in 1887 . Between 1880 and 1891 , the feud claimed more than a dozen members of the two families , becoming headline news around the country , and compelling the governors of both Kentucky and West Virginia to call up their state militias to restore order . The governor of West Virginia once even threatened to have his militia invade Kentucky . Kentucky governor Simon Bolivar Buckner in response sent his adjutant general Sam Hill to Pike County , Kentucky to investigate the situation . Newspapers from around the country awaited word from Hill to find out `` what in the Sam Hill was going on up there '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Michael Quinion ( 2004 - 11 - 06 ) . `` World Wide Words : Sam Hill '' . World Wide

The phrase "what in the Sam Hill" originates from

Where does what in the sam hill come from?

3297310095043146275

Outback - Wikipedia <H1> Outback </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Outback </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Area </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> View across sand plains and salt pans to Mount Connor , Central Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> undetermined </Td> </Tr> </Table> For other uses , see Outback ( disambiguation ) . Tourism sign post Yalgoo , Western Australia <P> The Outback is the vast , remote interior of Australia . The term `` the Outback '' is generally used to refer to locations that are comparatively more remote than those areas named `` the bush '' which , colloquially , can refer to any lands outside the main urban areas . </P> <P> While often envisaged as being arid , the Outback regions extend from the northern to southern Australian coastlines , and encompass a number of climatic zones ; including tropical and monsoonal climates in northern areas , arid areas in the ' red centre ' and semi-arid and temperate climates in southerly regions . </P> <P> Geographically , the Outback is unified by a combination of factors , most notably a low human population density , a largely intact , natural environment and , in many places , low - intensity land uses such as pastoralism ( livestock grazing ) in which production is reliant on the natural environment . </P> <P> Culturally , the Outback is deeply ingrained in Australian heritage , history and folklore . In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations , the Queensland Outback was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a `` natural attraction '' . </P> The Dingo Fence near Coober Pedy <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Environment <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Global significance </Li> <Li> 2.2 Major ecosystems </Li> <Li> 2.3 Wildlife </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Industry <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Pastoralism </Li> <Li> 3.2 Tourism </Li> <Li> 3.3 Mining </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Population </Li> <Li> 5 Medicine </Li> <Li> 6 Education </Li> <Li> 7 Terminology </Li> <Li> 8 Transport </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : History of Indigenous Australians and European exploration of Australia Aerial view of Kata Tjuta <P> Indigenous Australians have lived in the Outback for approximately 50,000 years and occupied all Outback regions , including the driest deserts , when Europeans first entered central Australia in the 1800s . Many Indigenous Australians retain strong physical and cultural links to their traditional country and are legally recognised as the Traditional Owners of large parts of the Outback under Commonwealth Native Title legislation . </P> <P> Early European exploration of inland Australia was sporadic . More focus was on the more accessible and fertile coastal areas . The first party to successfully cross the Blue Mountains just outside Sydney was led by Gregory Blaxland in 1813 , 25 years after the colony was established . People starting with John Oxley in 1817 , 1818 and 1821 , followed by Charles Sturt in 1829 -- 1830 attempted to follow the westward - flowing rivers to find an `` inland sea '' , but these were found to all flow into the Murray River and Darling River which turn south . Over the period 1858 to 1861 , John McDouall Stuart led six expeditions north from Adelaide into the outback , culminating in successfully reaching the north coast of Australia and returning , without the loss of any of the party 's members ' lives . This contrasts with the ill - fated Burke and Wills expedition in 1860 -- 61 which was much better funded , but resulted in the deaths of three of the members of the transcontinental party . </P> <P> The Overland Telegraph line was constructed in the 1870s along the route identified by Stuart . </P> <P> In 1865 the surveyor George Goyder , using changes in vegetation patterns , mapped a line in South Australia , north of which he considered rainfall to be too unreliable to support agriculture . </P> <P> Exploration of the outback continued in the 1950s when Len Beadell explored , surveyed and built many roads in support of the nuclear weapons tests at Emu Field and Maralinga and rocket testing on the Woomera Prohibited Area . Mineral exploration continues as new mineral deposits are identified and developed . </P> <P> While the early explorers used horses to cross the outback , the first woman to make the journey riding a horse was Anna Hingley , who rode from Broome to Cairns in 2006 . </P> Aerial photography of Australia showing the large arid ( yellow / brown ) areas that are generally considered to be `` outback '' <H2> Environment ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia <H3> Global significance ( edit ) </H3> MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory are found in the centre of the country Fitzgerald River National Park in Western Australia A brumby in the Outback <P> The paucity of industrial land use has led to the Outback being recognised globally as one of the largest remaining , intact natural areas on Earth . Global `` Human Footprint '' and wilderness reviews highlight the importance of Outback Australia as one of the world 's large natural areas , along with the Boreal forests and Tundra regions in North America , the Sahara and Gobi deserts and the tropical forests of the Amazon and Congo Basins . The savanna ( or grassy woodlands ) of northern Australia are the largest , intact savanna regions in the world . In the south , the Great Western Woodlands , which occupy 16,000,000 hectares ( 40,000,000 acres ) , an area larger than all of England , are the largest remaining temperate woodland left on Earth . </P> <H3> Major ecosystems ( edit

The vast interior rural area of Australia is known as

The vast interior rural area of australia is known as the?

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Battles of Saratoga - wikipedia <H1> Battles of Saratoga </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Battles of Saratoga </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the American Revolutionary War Saratoga campaign </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Surrender of General Burgoyne by John Trumbull , 1822 . This painting hangs in the United States Capitol Rotunda . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> September 19 and October 7 , 1777 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Stillwater , Saratoga County , New York 42 ° 59 ′ 56 '' N 73 ° 38 ′ 15 '' W  /  42.99889 ° N 73.63750 ° W  / 42.99889 ; - 73.63750 Coordinates : 42 ° 59 ′ 56 '' N 73 ° 38 ′ 15 '' W  /  42.99889 ° N 73.63750 ° W  / 42.99889 ; - 73.63750 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> Freeman 's Farm : </P> <Ul> <Li> British Pyrrhic victory </Li> </Ul> <P> Bemis Heights : </P> <Ul> <Li> Decisive American victory </Li> <Li> British surrender October 17 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> United States </P> <Ul> <Li> Canadian Auxiliaries </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <P> Great Britain </P> <Ul> <Li> Quebec </Li> <Li> Loyalists </Li> <Li> Hesse - Cassel </Li> <Li> Hesse - Hanau </Li> <Li> Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Horatio Gates Benedict Arnold Benjamin Lincoln Enoch Poor Ebenezer Learned Daniel Morgan James Livingston </Td> <Td> John Burgoyne Simon Fraser † Baron Riedesel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9,000 ( first battle ) over 12,000 ( second battle ) over 15,000 ( at time of surrender ) </Td> <Td> 7,200 ( first battle ) 6,600 ( second battle ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90 killed 240 wounded </Td> <Td> 440 killed 695 wounded 6,222 captured </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Saratoga Campaign 1777 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Fort Ticonderoga </Li> <Li> Hubbardton </Li> <Li> Fort Anne </Li> <Li> Slaying of Jane McCrea </Li> <Li> Fort Stanwix </Li> <Li> Oriskany </Li> <Li> Bennington </Li> <Li> 1st Saratoga ( Freeman 's Farm ) </Li> <Li> Forts Clinton and Montgomery </Li> <Li> 2nd Saratoga ( Bemis Heights ) </Li> <Li> Kingston </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Battles of Saratoga ( September 19 and October 7 , 1777 ) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign , giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War . British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley , hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario ; the southern and western forces never arrived , and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York . He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days apart on the same ground , 9 miles ( 14 km ) south of Saratoga , New York . They both failed . </P> <P> Burgoyne found himself trapped by superior American forces with no relief in sight , so he retreated to Saratoga ( now Schuylerville ) and surrendered his entire army there on October 17 . His surrender , says historian Edmund Morgan , `` was a great turning point of the war because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory . '' </P> <P> Burgoyne 's strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems . He won a small tactical victory over General Horatio Gates and the Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman 's Farm at the cost of significant casualties . His gains were erased when he again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis Heights and the Americans captured a portion of the British defenses . Burgoyne was therefore compelled to retreat , and his army was surrounded by the much larger American force at Saratoga , forcing him to surrender on October 17 . News of Burgoyne 's surrender was instrumental in formally bringing France into the war as an American ally , although it had previously given supplies , ammunition , and guns , notably the de Valliere cannon which played an important role in Saratoga . This battle also resulted in Spain joining France in the war against Britain . </P> <P> The battle on September 19 began when Burgoyne moved some of his troops in an attempt to flank the entrenched American position on Bemis Heights . Benedict Arnold anticipated the maneuver and placed significant forces in his way . Burgoyne did gain control of Freeman 's Farm , but it came at the cost of significant casualties . Skirmishing continued in the days following the battle , while Burgoyne waited in the hope that reinforcements would arrive from New York City . Patriot militia forces continued to arrive , meanwhile , swelling the size of the American army . Disputes within the American camp led Gates to strip Arnold of his command . </P> <P> British General Sir Henry Clinton moved up from New York City and attempted to divert American attention by capturing two forts in the Hudson River highlands on October 6 , but his efforts were too late to help Burgoyne . Burgoyne attacked Bemis Heights again on October 7 after it became apparent that he would not receive relieving aid in time . This battle culminated in heavy fighting marked by Arnold 's spirited rallying of the American troops . Burgoyne 's forces were thrown back to the positions that they held before the September 19 battle and the Americans captured a portion of the entrenched British defenses . </P> <P>

The Battle of Freeman's Farm took place in

Where did the battle of freeman's farm take place?

109376485309440169

100 , and topped the charts in Australia , Ireland and the United Kingdom . It became the biggest - selling single of 2003 in the latter country . The band and Timberlake received two nominations , Record of the Year and Best Rap / Sung Collaboration , for `` Where Is the Love ? '' at the 46th Grammy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Music video </Li> <Li> 5 Covers </Li> <Li> 6 Formats and track listings </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 8.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 8.3 Decade - end charts </Li> <Li> 8.4 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 2016 version <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Music video </Li> <Li> 9.2 Track listing </Li> <Li> 9.3 Personnel </Li> <Li> 9.4 Charts </Li> <Li> 9.5 2016 Spanish / English version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Following the commercial failures of their previous albums and singles , there was doubt over whether The Black Eyed Peas would continue to record together . A&R executive Ron Fair approached them and suggested a crossover to a more mainstream pop sound . will.i.am in particular resisted the idea for fear that they would be seen as sellouts . However , after discussions and some writing sessions , the idea was pursued . </P> <P> Shortly after Christmas 2001 , will.i.am created a loop and a guitar part that he liked . apl. de. ap and Taboo also heard the track and were able to write similar lyrics over it . Justin Timberlake was introduced to the group by Taboo , and got a chance to hear the track that will.i.am created . Impressed with the music , Timberlake helped write and sing the chorus . </P> <P> Timberlake was in the midst of promotion of his debut solo album , Justified , and his label Jive Records was concerned about possible overexposure . The Black Eyed Peas were worried about this , as getting some assistance from an established pop star like Timberlake had been the original point of this song . A compromise was reached eventually in which Jive gave clearance for the vocals of Timberlake to be released on the song , but he does not appear in the song 's music video nor is he officially credited on the song as an artist . By 2008 , the single had sold 954,000 digital copies . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> Timberlake co-wrote the song and provided vocals . <P> The song was written by will.i.am , apl. de. ap , Taboo , Justin Timberlake , Ron Fair , Printz Board , George Pajon , Fiona Davies M. Fratantuno , and J. Curtis , and co-produced by will.i.am and Ron Fair . In this song , The Black Eyed Peas lament on various worldwide problems . Many issues are discussed , which include but are not limited to terrorism , US government hypocrisy , racism , gang crime , pollution , war , and intolerance </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was rewarded with nominations at the 46th Grammy Awards in 2004 for Record of the Year and Best Rap / Sung Collaboration . </P> <P> The song was the biggest selling single of 2003 in the UK . It was also the 25th best - selling single of the 2000s ( decade ) in the UK . </P> <P> On May 12 , 2013 , after 10 years since the song 's release , the song re-entered the official UK singles charts at 40 , eventually peaking at 35 . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for `` Where Is the Love ? '' was shot in East Los Angeles and features The Black Eyed Peas and various other people , including various young children , asking the world where the love really is . In the video , will.i.am and Taboo act as a soul music road duo who use music to tell people what is wrong with the world , Fergie appears as a peacemaker who places stickers with question marks on them all over the place to ask people where the love is in the world , and apl. de. ap is a criminal who is arrested for using criminal offences to tell people the truth . Justin Timberlake does not appear in the video , although several different people are seen mouthing the chorus as he sings it . </P> <P> The video is similar to a 2002 British television advertisement for T - Mobile , in which a face of a young baby is presented in various forms around a large city , much like the question mark in this video . The Bon Jovi music video `` Have a Nice Day '' is also similar to both the advertisement and this video . The video features gameplay footage of the graphically explicit and controversial video game Postal 2 , in which a group of young children are playing the game . This suggests that violence in the media and entertainment industry affects the morals of children . </P> <H2> Covers ( edit ) </H2> <P> British pop band Busted did a rock version of the song , which features on their live album , A Ticket for Everyone . </P> <P> The Voice UK contestant Frances Wood sang the song at her audition and chose will.i.am to be her mentor . </P> <P> Japanese pop singer Sho Sakurai of Arashi re-wrote the rap lyrics in Japanese language and performed his cover version at his solo concert in 2006 . </P> <P> At the Mnet Asian Music Awards ( commonly abbreviated as MAMA ) promotional held in Singapore in 2011 , will.i.am apl. de. ap performed the song with friend and collaborator , K - pop

The song "Where Is the Love?" is a

Where is the love meaning of the song?

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, 1 tie ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> This year </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1 / 2 ( 0 draws ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> One Day Internationals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First ODI </Th> <Td> v England at Headingley , Leeds ; 13 July 1974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last ODI </Th> <Td> v South Africa at SuperSport Park , Centurion ; 16 February 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> ODIs </Th> <Td> Played </Td> <Td> Won / Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 939 </Td> <Td> 483 / 409 ( 7 ties , 40 no result ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> This year </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 5 / 1 ( 0 ties , 0 no result ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> World Cup Appearances </Th> <Td> 11 ( first in 1975 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best result </Th> <Td> Champions ( 1983 , 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Twenty20 Internationals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First T20I </Th> <Td> v South Africa at the Wanderers Stadium , Johannesburg ; 1 December 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last T20I </Th> <Td> v Bangladesh at the R Premadasa Stadium , Colombo ; 18 March 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> T20Is </Th> <Td> Played </Td> <Td> Won / Lost </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 96 </Td> <Td> 59 / 34 ( 1 tie , 2 no result ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> This year </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 6 / 2 ( 0 ties , 0 no result ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> World Twenty20 Appearances </Th> <Td> 6 ( first in 2007 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Best result </Th> <Td> Champions ( 2007 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> Test kit </P> </Td> <Td> <P> ODI kit </P> </Td> <Td> <P> T20I kit </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> As of 6 March 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The India national cricket team , also known as Team India and Men in Blue , represents India in international cricket . Governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) , it is a full member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) with Test , One Day International ( ODI ) and Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status . </P> <P> Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century , and the first cricket club was established in Calcutta ( currently known as Kolkata ) in 1792 , India 's national cricket team did not play its first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord 's , becoming the sixth team to be granted Test cricket status . In its first fifty years of international cricket , India was one of the weaker teams , winning only 35 of the first 196 Test matches it played . From 1932 India had to wait until 1952 , almost 20 years for its first Test victory . The team , however , gained strength in the 1970s with the emergence of players such as batsmen Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Viswanath , all - rounder Kapil Dev and the Indian spin quartet of Erapalli Prasanna , Srinivas Venkataraghavan , Bhagwat Chandrasekhar and Bishen Singh Bedi . </P> <P> Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad , the Indian team has improved its overseas form , especially in limited - overs cricket , since the start of the 21st century , winning Test matches in Australia , England and South Africa . It has won the Cricket World Cup twice -- in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and in 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni . After winning the 2011 World Cup , India became only the third team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once , and the first cricket team to win the World Cup at home . It also won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy , under the captaincy of MS Dhoni . It was also the joint champions of 2002 ICC Champions Trophy , along with Sri Lanka . </P> <P> As of 10 February 2018 , India is ranked first in Test and ODIs and third in T20Is by the ICC . Virat Kohli is the current captain of the team across all formats , while the head coach is Ravi Shastri . The Indian cricket team has rivalries with other Test - playing nations , most notably with Pakistan , the political arch - rival of India . However , in recent times , rivalries with nations like Australia and England have also gained prominence . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early History </Li> <Li> 1.2 Test - Match Status </Li> <Li> 1.3 One - Day Cricket and World Cup Success </Li> <Li> 1.4 Late 20th Century </Li> <Li> 1.5 Turn of the Millennium </Li> <Li> 1.6 Controversy and World Cup Flop </Li> <Li> 1.7 Success under Dhoni </Li> <Li> 1.8 Transition Period </Li> <Li> 1.9 Worldwide Limited - Overs Success </Li> <Li> 1.10 Dominance at Home under Kohli </Li> <Li> 1.11 2017 ICC Champions Trophy and onwards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Governing body <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Selection committee </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Team colours </Li> <Li> 4 International grounds </Li> <Li> 5 Captains </Li> <Li> 6 Results and fixtures </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Squad </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Support staff </Li> <Li> 9 Tournament history </Li> <Li> 10 Individual records </Li> <Li> 11 Statistics <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Tests </Li> <Li> 11.2 One - Day Internationals </Li> <Li> 11.3 Twenty20 Internationals </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Fan following </Li> <Li> 13 Indian women 's cricket team </Li> <Li> 14 See also </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main

India won their first cricket match in

When did india win their first cricket match?

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<Li> 4.3 First day </Li> <Li> 4.4 Second day </Li> <Li> 4.5 Third day </Li> <Li> 4.6 Fourth day </Li> <Li> 4.7 Fifth day </Li> <Li> 4.8 Seventh day </Li> <Li> 4.9 Eighth day </Li> <Li> 4.10 Ninth day </Li> <Li> 4.11 Tenth day </Li> <Li> 4.12 Fifteenth day </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Traditional food </Li> <Li> 6 Practices <Ul> <Li> 6.1 History </Li> <Li> 6.2 Red envelopes </Li> <Li> 6.3 Gift exchange </Li> <Li> 6.4 Markets </Li> <Li> 6.5 Fireworks <Ul> <Li> 6.5. 1 Firecracker ban </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.6 Music </Li> <Li> 6.7 Clothing </Li> <Li> 6.8 Family portrait </Li> <Li> 6.9 Symbolism </Li> <Li> 6.10 Nianhua </Li> <Li> 6.11 Flowers </Li> <Li> 6.12 Icons and ornaments </Li> <Li> 6.13 Spring travel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Festivities outside Greater China <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Southeast Asia <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Indonesia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.2 Australia and New Zealand </Li> <Li> 7.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 7.3. 1 New York </Li> <Li> 7.3. 2 California </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.4 Europe </Li> <Li> 7.5 India and Pakistan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Greetings </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Dates in Chinese lunisolar calendar ( edit ) </H2> Chinese New Year in Singapore Chinatown . Chinese New Year eve in Meizhou on 8 February 2005 . Chinese New Year in Kobe , Japan Southeast Asia 's largest temple -- Kek Lok Si near George Town in Penang , Malaysia -- illuminated in preparation for the Lunar New Year . Interactive chart of the dates of Chinese New Year from 1912 to 2101 . In the SVG graphic , hover over or click a year on the left to highlight an almost - repeating block of 19 years starting with that year . Main article : Chinese calendar <P> The lunisolar Chinese calendar determines the date of Lunar New Year . The calendar is also used in countries that have been influenced by , or have relations with , China -- such as Korea , Japan and Vietnam , though occasionally the date celebrated may differ by one day or even one moon cycle due to using a meridian based on a different capital city in a different time zone or different placements of intercalary months . </P> <P> Chinese calendar defines the lunar month with winter solstice as the 11th month , which means that Chinese New Year usually falls on the second new moon after the winter solstice ( rarely the third if an intercalary month intervenes ) . In more than 96 % of the years , the Chinese New Year 's Day is the closest new moon to lichun ( Chinese : 立春 ; `` start of spring '' ) on 4 or 5 February , and the first new moon after Dahan ( Chinese : 大寒 ; `` major cold '' ) . In the Gregorian calendar , the Lunar New Year begins at the new moon that falls between 21 January and 20 February . </P> <P> The Gregorian Calendar dates for Chinese New Year from 1912 to 2101 are below , along with the year 's presiding animal zodiac and its Stem - branch . The traditional Chinese calendar follows a Metonic cycle ( like the modern Jewish Calendar ) , and returns to the same date in Gregorian calendar roughly . The names of the Earthly Branches have no English counterparts and are not the Chinese translations of the animals . Alongside the 12 - year cycle of the animal zodiac there is a 10 - year cycle of heavenly stems . Each of the ten heavenly stems is associated with one of the five elements of Chinese astrology , namely : Wood , Fire , Earth , Metal , and Water . The elements are rotated every two years while a yin and yang association alternates every year . The elements are thus distinguished : Yang Wood , Yin Wood , Yang Fire , Yin Fire , etc . These produce a combined cycle that repeats every 60 years . For example , the year of the Yang Fire Rat occurred in 1936 and in 1996 , 60 years apart . </P> <P> Many people inaccurately calculate their Chinese birth - year by converting it from their Gregorian birth - year . As the Chinese New Year starts in late January to mid-February , the previous Chinese year dates through 1 January until that day in the new Gregorian year , remaining unchanged from the previous Gregorian year . For example , the 1989 year of the Snake began on 6 February 1989 . The year 1989 is generally aligned with the year of the Snake . However , the 1988 year of the Dragon officially ended on 5 February 1989 . This means that anyone born from 1 January to 5 February 1989 was actually born in the year of the Dragon rather than the year of the Snake . Many online Chinese Sign calculators do not account for the non-alignment of the two calendars , using Gregorian - calendar years rather than official Chinese New Year dates . </P> <P> One scheme of continuously numbered Chinese - calendar years assigns 4709 to the year beginning , 2011 , but this is not universally accepted ; the calendar is traditionally cyclical , not continuously numbered . </P> <P> Although the Chinese calendar traditionally does not use continuously numbered years , outside China its years are sometimes numbered from the purported reign of the mythical Yellow Emperor in the 3rd millennium BCE . But at least three different years numbered 1 are now used by various scholars , making the year beginning CE 2015 the `` Chinese year '' 4712 , 4713 , or 4652 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Gregorian </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Animal </Th> <Th> Day of the week </Th> <Td> </Td> <Th> Gregorian </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Animal </Th> <Th> Day of the week </Th>

The Chinese New Year begins and ends

When does the chinese new year begin and end?

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<Td> ( 1469 -- 1815 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portuguese Ceylon </Td> <Td> ( 1505 -- 1658 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Ceylon </Td> <Td> ( 1656 -- 1796 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> British Ceylon </Td> <Td> ( 1815 -- 1948 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> National histories ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Afghanistan </Li> <Li> Bangladesh </Li> <Li> Bhutan </Li> <Li> India </Li> <Li> Maldives </Li> <Li> Nepal </Li> <Li> Pakistan </Li> <Li> Sri Lanka </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Regional histories ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Assam </Li> <Li> Balochistan </Li> <Li> Bengal </Li> <Li> Bihar </Li> <Li> Gujarat </Li> <Li> Himachal Pradesh </Li> <Li> Kabul </Li> <Li> Kashmir </Li> <Li> Khyber Pakhtunkhwa </Li> <Li> Rajasthan </Li> <Li> Maharashtra </Li> <Li> Uttar Pradesh </Li> <Li> Punjab </Li> <Li> Odisha </Li> <Li> Sindh </Li> <Li> South India </Li> <Li> Tamil Nadu </Li> <Li> Tibet </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Specialised histories ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Coinage </Li> <Li> Demographics </Li> <Li> Dynasties </Li> <Li> Economy </Li> <Li> Indology </Li> <Li> Language </Li> <Li> Literature </Li> <Li> Maritime </Li> <Li> Military </Li> <Li> Partition of India </Li> <Li> Pakistan studies </Li> <Li> Science & Technology </Li> <Li> Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Mughal Empire ( Urdu : مغلیہ سلطنت ‎ ‎ , translit . Mughliyah Salṭanat ) or Mogul Empire , self - designated as Gurkani ( Persian : گورکانیان ‎ ‎ , Gūrkāniyān , meaning `` son - in - law '' ) , was an empire in the Indian subcontinent , founded in 1526 . It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco - Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia , but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances ; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian , while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry . The dynasty was Indo - Persian in culture , combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs . </P> <P> The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and large parts of Afghanistan . It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent , spanning four million square kilometres at its zenith , after only the Maurya Empire , which spanned five million square kilometres . The Mughal Empire began a period of proto - industrialization , and Mughal India became the world 's largest economic power , with 24.4 % of world GDP , and the world leader in manufacturing , producing 25 % of global industrial output up until the 18th century . The Mughal Empire is considered `` India 's last golden age '' and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires ( along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia ) . </P> <P> The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi , the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , in the First Battle of Panipat ( 1526 ) . The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco - Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia , claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan ( founder of the Mongol Empire , through his son Chagatai Khan ) and Timur ( Turco - Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire ) . During the reign of Humayun , the successor of Babur , the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire . The `` classic period '' of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne . Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir , the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony , and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions . Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms . Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India , but most of them were subdued by Akbar . All Mughal emperors were Muslims ; Akbar , however , propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn - i Ilāhī , as recorded in historical books like Ain - i - Akbari and Dabistān - i Mazāhib . </P> <P> The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence , but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites , leading to more systematic , centralised , and uniform rule . Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India , such as the Marathas , the Rajputs , the Pashtuns , the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs , gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule , which , through collaboration or adversity , gave them both recognition and military experience . </P> <P> The reign of Shah Jahan , the fifth emperor , between 1628 and 1658 , was the golden age of Mughal architecture . He erected several large monuments , the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra , as well as the Moti Masjid , Agra , the Red Fort , the Jama Masjid , Delhi , and the Lahore Fort . The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji Bhosale . During his lifetime , victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent , ruling over more than 150 million subjects , nearly one quarter of the world 's population at the time , with a GDP of over $90 billion . </P> <P> By the mid-18th century , the Marathas had routed Mughal armies and won over several Mughal provinces from the Punjab to Bengal . Internal dissatisfaction arose due to

The era of the great Mughals began with the accession of

The era of the great mughals began with the accession of?

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statement of cash flows considers the inputs and outputs in concrete cash within a stated period . The general template of a cash flow statement is as follows : Cash Inflow - Cash Outflow + Opening Balance = Closing Balance </P> <P> Example 1 : in the beginning of September , Ellen started out with $5 in her bank account . During that same month , Ellen borrowed $20 from Tom . At the end of the month , Ellen bought a pair of shoes for $7 . Ellen 's cash flow statement for the month of September looks like this : </P> <Ul> <Li> Cash inflow : $20 </Li> <Li> Cash outflow : $7 </Li> <Li> Opening balance : $5 </Li> <Li> Closing balance : $20 -- $7 + $5 = $18 </Li> </Ul> <P> Example 2 : in the beginning of June , WikiTables , a company that buys and resells tables , sold 2 tables . They 'd originally bought the tables for $25 each , and sold them at a price of $50 per table . The first table was paid out in cash however the second one was bought in credit terms . WikiTables ' cash flow statement for the month of June looks like this : </P> <Ul> <Li> Cash inflow : $50 - How much WikiTables received in cash for the first table . They did n't receive cash for the second table ( sold in credit terms ) . </Li> <Li> Cash outflow : $50 - How much they 'd originally bought the 2 tables for . </Li> <Li> Opening balance : $0 </Li> <Li> Closing balance : $50 -- 2 * $25 + $0 = $50 -- 50 = $0 - Indeed , the cash flow for the month of June for WikiTables amounts to $0 and not $50 . </Li> </Ul> <P> Important : the cash flow statement only considers the exchange of actual cash , and ignores what the person in question owes or is owed . </P> <H3> Statement of profit or loss ( income statement or statement of operations ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The statement of profit or income statement reports the changes in value of a company 's accounts over a set period ( most commonly one fiscal year ) , and may compare the changes to changes in the same accounts over the previous period . All changes are summarized on the `` bottom line '' as net income , often reported as `` net loss '' when income is less than zero . </P> <P> The net profit or loss is determined by : </P> <P> Sales ( revenue ) </P> <P> -- cost of goods sold </P> <P> -- selling , general , administrative expenses ( SGA ) </P> <P> -- depreciation / amortization </P> <P> = earnings before interest and taxes ( EBIT ) </P> <P> -- interest and tax expenses </P> <P> = profit / loss </P> <H3> Statement of financial position ( balance sheet ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The balance sheet is the financial statement showing a firm 's assets , liabilities and equity ( capital ) at a set point in time , usually the end of the fiscal year reported on the accompanying income statement . The total assets always equal the total combined liabilities and equity in dollar amount . This statement best demonstrates the basic accounting equation - Assets = Liabilities + Equity . The statement can be used to help show the status of a company . </P> <P> Accounting standards often set out a general format that companies are expected to follow when presenting their balance sheets . International Financial Reporting Standards normally require that companies report current assets and liabilities separately from non-current amounts . </P> <P> Current assets are the most liquid assets of a firm , which can be realized in 12 months period . Current assets include : </P> <Ul> <Li> cash - physical money </Li> <Li> accounts receivable - revenues earned but not yet collected </Li> <Li> Merchandise inventory - consists of goods and services a firm currently owns until it ends up getting sold </Li> <Li> marketable securities - Stocks and bonds a firm has invested in other firms </Li> <Li> prepaid expenses - expenses paid for in advance for use during that year </Li> </Ul> <P> Non-current assets include fixed or long - term assets and intangible assets : </P> <Ul> <Li> fixed ( long term ) assets <Ul> <Li> property </Li> <Li> building </Li> <Li> equipment ( such as factory machinery ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> intangible assets <Ul> <Li> copyrights </Li> <Li> trademarks </Li> <Li> patents </Li> <Li> goodwill </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> Liabilities include : </P> <Ul> <Li> current liabilities <Ul> <Li> trade accounts payable </Li> <Li> dividends payable </Li> <Li> employee salaries payable </Li> <Li> interest ( e.g. on debt ) payable </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> long term liabilities <Ul> <Li> mortgage notes payable </Li> <Li> bonds payable </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> Owner 's equity , sometimes referred to as net assets , is represented differently depending on the type of business ownership . Business ownership can be in the form of a sole proprietorship , partnership , or a corporation . For a corporation , the owner 's equity portion usually shows common stock , and retained earnings ( earnings kept in the company ) . Retained earnings come from the retained earnings statement , prepared prior to the balance sheet . </P> Statement of retained earnings ( statement of changes in equity ) ( edit ) <P> This statement is additional to the three main statements described above . It shows how the distribution of income and transfer of dividends affects the wealth of shareholders in the company . The concept of retained earnings means profits of previous years that are accumulated till current period . Basic proforma for this statement is as follows : </P> <P> Retained earnings at the beginning of period </P> <P> + Net Income for the period </P> <P> - Dividends </P> <P> =

The financial statement that involves all aspects of the accounting equation is

Which financial statement involves all aspects of the accounting​ equation?

-6420655192200739203

of the Pacific Ocean . </Li> <Li> The northern half of the East Molokai Volcano suffered a catastrophic collapse and likely megatsunami about 1.5 million years ago and now lies as a debris field scattered northward across the ocean bottom , while what remains on the island are the highest sea cliffs in the world . </Li> <Li> The existence of large scattered boulders in only one of the four marine terraces of Herradura Bay south of the Chilean city of Coquimbo has been interpreted by Roland Paskoff as the result of a mega-tsunami that occurred in the Middle Pleistocene . </Li> <Li> A massive collapse of the western edge of the Lake Tahoe basin , which formed McKinney Bay around 50,000 years ago , is thought to have generated a tsunami / seiche wave with a height approaching 330 ft ( 100 m ) . </Li> <Li> In the North Sea , the Storegga Slide caused a megatsunami approximately 8,200 years ago . It is estimated to have completely flooded the remainder of Doggerland . </Li> <Li> Approximately 8,000 years ago , a massive volcanic landslide off Mt . Etna , Sicily caused a megatsunami which devastated the eastern Mediterranean coastline on three continents . Wave heights on the coast of Calabria are estimated to have reached a maximum of 40m . </Li> <Li> Approximately 4,000 years ago , a landslide on Réunion island , to the east of Madagascar , may have caused a megatsunami . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Historic ( edit ) </H3> Ca 1600 bc : santorini ( edit ) Main article : Minoan eruption <Ul> <Li> 3,600 years ago , the Thera volcano erupted , the force of the eruption causing megatsunamis which affected the whole Aegean sea and the eastern Mediterranean sea . </Li> </Ul> 1792 : Mount Unzen , Japan ( edit ) Main article : 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami <P> In 1792 , Mount Unzen in Japan erupted , causing part of the volcano to collapse into the sea . The landslide caused a megatsunami that reached 100 metres ( 330 ft ) high and killed 15,000 people in the local fishing villages . </P> 1883 : Krakatoa ( edit ) Main article : 1883 eruption of Krakatoa § Tsunamis and distant effects <P> The eruption of Krakatoa created pyroclastic flows which generated megatsunamis when they hit the waters of the Sunda Strait on 27 August 1883 . The waves reached heights of up to 24 metres ( 79 feet ) along the south coast of Sumatra and up to 42 metres ( 138 feet ) along the west coast of Java . </P> 1958 : Lituya Bay , Alaska , us ( edit ) Main articles : 1958 Lituya Bay megatsunami and Lituya Bay Damage from the 1958 Lituya Bay megatsunami can be seen in this oblique aerial photograph of Lituya Bay , Alaska as the lighter areas at the shore where trees have been stripped away . <P> On July 9 , 1958 , a giant landslide at the head of Lituya Bay in Alaska , caused by an earthquake , generated a wave that washed out trees to a maximum altitude of 520 metres ( 1,710 ft ) at the entrance of Gilbert Inlet . The wave surged over the headland , stripping trees and soil down to bedrock , and surged along the fjord which forms Lituya Bay , destroying a fishing boat anchored there and killing two people . Howard Ulrich and his son managed to ride the wave in their boat , and both survived . </P> 1963 : Vajont Dam , Italy ( edit ) Main article : Vajont Dam <P> On October 9 , 1963 , a landslide above Vajont Dam in Italy produced a 250 m ( 820 ft ) surge that overtopped the dam and destroyed the villages of Longarone , Pirago , Rivalta , Villanova and Faè , killing nearly 2,000 people . </P> 1980 : Spirit Lake , Washington , us ( edit ) Main articles : Spirit Lake ( Washington ) , 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens , and Mount St. Helens <P> On May 18 , 1980 , the upper 460 metres ( 1,509 feet ) of Mount St. Helens collapsed , creating a massive landslide . This released the pressure on the magma trapped beneath the summit bulge which exploded as a lateral blast , which then released the pressure on the magma chamber and resulted in a plinian eruption . </P> <P> One lobe of the avalanche surged onto Spirit Lake , causing a megatsunami which pushed the lake waters in a series of surges , which reached a maximum height of 260 metres ( 853 feet ) above the pre-eruption water level ( ~ 975 m asl / 3,199 ft ) . Above the upper limit of the tsunami , trees lie where they were knocked down by the pyroclastic surge ; below the limit , the fallen trees and the surge deposits were removed by the megatsunami and deposited in Spirit Lake . </P> <H2> Potential future megatsunamis ( edit ) </H2> <P> Experts interviewed by the BBC think that a massive landslide on a volcanic ocean island is the most likely future cause of a megatsunami . The size and power of a wave generated by such means could produce devastating effects , travelling across oceans and inundating up to 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) inland from the coast . </P> <H3> British Columbia ( edit ) </H3> <P> Some geologists consider an unstable rock face at Mount Breakenridge , above the north end of the giant fresh - water fjord of Harrison Lake in the Fraser Valley of southwestern British Columbia , Canada , to be unstable enough to collapse into the lake , generating a megatsunami that might destroy the town of Harrison Hot Springs ( located at its south end ) . </P> <H3> Canary Islands ( edit ) </H3> <P> Geologists Dr. Simon Day and Dr. Steven Neal Ward consider that a megatsunami could be generated during an eruption of

The world's largest recorded wave occurred in

Where did the world's largest recorded wave occur?

-4239413776022566850

Hyderabad state ( 1948 -- 56 ) - Wikipedia <H1> Hyderabad state ( 1948 -- 56 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about a State of the Indian Union 1948 -- 1956 . For other uses , see Hyderabad ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Hyderabad State ( 1948 - 1956 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> State of India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← </Td> <Td> 1948 -- 1956 </Td> <Td> → </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> 1956 map of Southern India showing Hyderabad state in yellowish green . After the States reorganisation in 1956 , regions west of the red and blue lines merged with Bombay and Mysore states respectively and the remaining part ( Telangana ) was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> History </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hyderabad State formed from Hyderabad Princely State </Td> <Td> 1948 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Reorganized and renamed Andhra Pradesh </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> States of India since 1947 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Hyderabad state until 1956 <P> Hyderabad State was a state in Independent India , formed after the accession of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union on 24 November 1949 . It existed from 1948 to 1956 . </P> <P> Following the States Reorganisation Act Hyderabad State was merged with Andhra State in 1956 and renamed Andhra Pradesh . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Military Governor </Li> <Li> 3 Rajpramukh </Li> <Li> 4 First Appointed Chief Minister </Li> <Li> 5 First Elected Chief Minister </Li> <Li> 6 Districts of Hyderabad State </Li> <Li> 7 Merger with Andhra State </Li> <Li> 8 Chief Ministers of Hyderabad State </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Operation Polo <P> Operation Polo is the code name of the Hyderabad `` police action '' in September 1948 , by the newly independent India against the Hyderabad State . It was a military operation in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the Nizam - ruled princely state , annexing it into the Indian Union . </P> <P> At the time of Partition in 1947 , the princely states of India , who in principle had self - government within their own territories , were subject to subsidiary alliances with the British , giving them control of their external relations . In the Indian Independence Act 1947 the British abandoned all such alliances , leaving the states with the option of opting for full independence . However , by 1948 almost all had acceded to either India or Pakistan . One major exception was that of the wealthiest and most powerful principality , Hyderabad , where the Nizam , Osman Ali Khan , Asif Jah VII , a Muslim ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population , chose independence and hoped to maintain this with an irregular army recruited from the Muslim aristocracy , known as the Razakars . The Nizam was also beset by the Telangana uprising , which he was unable to subjugate . </P> <P> The Indian government , anxious to avoid what it termed a Balkanization of what had been the Indian Empire , was determined to effect the integration of Hyderabad into the new Indian Union . Amidst atrocities by the Razakars , the Indian Home Minister Sardar Patel decided to annex Hyderabad in what was termed a `` police action '' . The operation itself took five days , in which the Razakars and the Hyderabadi Military were defeated swiftly . </P> <P> The operation led to massive violence on communal lines . The Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed a commission known as the Sunderlal Committee . Its report , which was not released until 2013 , concluded that `` as a very reasonable & modest estimate ... the total number of deaths in the state ... somewhere between 30,000 & 40,000 . '' Other responsible observers estimated the number of deaths to be 200,000 or higher . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Military Governor ( edit ) </H2> Major General El Edroos ( at right ) offers his surrender of the Hyderabad State Forces to Major General ( later General and Army Chief ) J.N. Chauhuri at Secunderabad . <P> After the Annexation into the Indian Union , Major General J.N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor till December 1949 . </P> <P> The state witnessed Mulkhi agitation in 1952 by the locals after a government jobs meant for the locals were given to non-locals . </P> <H2> Rajpramukh ( edit ) </H2> <P> telanagana movement Hyderabad State had its last Nizam , HEH Mir Osman Ali Khan ( b . 1886 - d . 1967 ) as Rajpramukh from 26 January 1950 to 31 October 1956 . </P> <H2> First appointed Chief minister ( edit ) </H2> <P> After the Annexation of Hyderabad State into India , M.K. Vellodi was appointed the Chief Minister of the state on 26 January 1950 . He was a Senior Civil servant in the Government of India . He administered the state with the help of bureaucrats from Madras state and Bombay state . </P> <P> The Nizam was given the ceremonial position of `` Raj Pramukh '' or `` Governor '' . </P> <H2> First elected Chief minister ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the first State Assembly election in India , 1952 , Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State . During this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state , and to strictly implement ' Mulki - rules ' ( Local jobs for locals only ) , which was part of Hyderabad state law since 1919 . </P> <H2> Districts of Hyderabad state ( edit ) </H2> <P> Administratively , Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen

Hyderabad became a part of India on

When did hyderabad became a part of india?

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Groundhog Day - wikipedia <H1> Groundhog Day </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Groundhog Day ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Groundhog Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Groundhog Day 2005 in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Observed by </Th> <Td> United States Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Cultural </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significance </Th> <Td> Supposedly predicts the arrival of spring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Celebrations </Th> <Td> Announcing whether a groundhog sees its shadow after it emerges from its burrow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> February 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> Annual </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related to </Th> <Td> Candlemas </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Groundhog Day , ( Pennsylvania German : Grund'sau dåk , Grundsaudaag , Grundsow Dawg , Murmeltiertag ; Nova Scotia : Daks Day ) is a popular tradition celebrated in the United States and Canada on February 2 . It derives from the Pennsylvania Dutch superstition that if a groundhog ( Deitsch : Grundsau , Grunddax , Dax ) emerging from its burrow on this day sees a shadow due to clear weather , it will retreat to its den and winter will persist for six more weeks , and if it does not see its shadow because of cloudiness , spring will arrive early . While the tradition remains popular in modern times , studies have found no consistent correlation between a groundhog seeing its shadow or not and the subsequent arrival time of spring - like weather . </P> <P> The weather lore was brought from German - speaking areas where the badger ( German : dachs ) is the forecasting animal . This appears to be an enhanced version of the lore that clear weather on Candlemas forebodes a prolonged winter . </P> <P> The Groundhog Day ceremony held at Punxsutawney in western Pennsylvania , centering around a semi-mythical groundhog named Punxsutawney Phil , has become the most attended . Grundsow Lodges in Pennsylvania Dutch Country in the southeast part of the state celebrate them as well . Other cities in the United States and Canada have also adopted the event . </P> <P> The 1993 film Groundhog Day helped boost recognition of the custom , and the celebration has spread even further afield . In 2009 , Quebec began to mark the day ( Canadian French : Jour de la Marmotte ) with its own groundhog . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Punxsutawney beginnings </Li> <Li> 1.2 Punxsutawney today </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Other locations </Li> <Li> 3 Origins <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Protestant Germany <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Groundhog as badger </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Bear - rat </Li> <Li> 3.3 Simpler Candlemas lore </Li> <Li> 3.4 British Isles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Accuracy <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Statistics </Li> <Li> 4.2 Pseudoscientific evaluation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Characteristics of groundhogs </Li> <Li> 6 Similar customs </Li> <Li> 7 Explanatory notes </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> The groundhog ( Marmota monax ) is a rodent of the family Sciuridae , belonging to the group of large ground squirrels . <P> The observance of Groundhog Day in the United States first occurred in German communities in Pennsylvania , according to known records . </P> <P> The earliest mention of Groundhog Day is a February 2 , 1840 entry in the diary of James L. Morris of Morgantown , Pennsylvania , in Pennsylvania Dutch Country , according to the book on the subject by Don Yoder . This was a Welsh enclave but the diarist was commenting on his neighbors who were of German stock . </P> <H3> Punxsutawney beginnings ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first reported news of a Groundhog Day observance was arguably made by the Punxsutawney Spirit newspaper of Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania in 1886 : `` up to the time of going to press , the beast has not seen its shadow '' . However , it was not until the following year in 1887 that the first Groundhog Day considered `` official '' was commemorated here , with a group making a trip to the Gobbler 's Knob part of town to consult the groundhog . People have gathered annually at the spot for the event ever since . </P> <P> Clymer Freas ( 1867 -- 1942 ) who was city editor at the Punxsutawney Spirit is credited as the `` father '' who conceived the idea of `` Groundhog Day '' . It has also been suggested that Punxsutawney was where all the Groundhog Day events originated , from where it spread to other parts of the United States and Canada . </P> <P> The Groundhog Day celebrations of the 1880s were carried out by the Punxsutawney Elks Lodge . The lodge members were the `` genesis '' of the Groundhog Club formed later , which continued the Groundhog Day tradition . But the lodge started out being interested in the groundhog as a game animal for food . It had started to serve groundhog at the lodge , and had been organizing a hunting party on a day each year in late summer . </P> <P> The chronologies given are somewhat inconsistent in the literature . The first `` Groundhog Picnic '' was held in 1887 according to a book for popular reading by an academic , but given as post-circa - 1889 by a local historian in a journal . The historian states that around 1889 the meat was served in the lodge 's banquet , and the organized hunt started after that . </P> <P> Either way , the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club was formed in 1899 , and continued the hunt and `` Groundhog Feast '' , which took place annually in September . The `` hunt '' portion of it became increasingly a ritualized formality , because the practical procurement of meat had to occur

According to folklore, if a groundhog sees his shadow, it means

What does it mean groundhog sees his shadow?

3180985211266498326

`` NO ! '' with a negative tone -- her catchphrase . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Devon Carter , played by Lil ' J </Dt> <Dd> Devon Carter is Raven 's steady boyfriend from seasons 2 -- 4 . He previously had braces on his teeth and bad acne , and was known as `` Bucktooth Carter '' . After he had his braces removed and his face `` cleared up '' over the summer , and came back to school , Raven and Alana were constantly fighting to be his girlfriend . He eventually becomes Raven 's boyfriend , and continues to be , even after he moves to Seattle , Washington . Although he and his family move to Seattle , he still sees Raven when his father visits San Francisco on business trips . After his family leaves Tanya assures Raven that Devon will always be in her heart . Even though they say they are each other 's `` only love '' , we also see Raven have numerous crushes between Devon 's visits . Devon has a little sister named Nadine who is jealous of Raven because she does n't want to share her big brother . In the second spin - off , Raven 's Home , Devon and Raven eventually married but got divorced . In between that time , they had two children , Nia and Booker , the latter of whom shares Raven 's ability to see into the future . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Alana Rivera , played by Adrienne Bailon </Dt> <Dd> Alana Rivera is Raven 's ex-best friend . She finds great pleasure in teasing and bullying Raven . She hangs out with her posse , which includes followers Muffy and Loka . She was first introduced in Season 2 in the episode `` Do n't Have a Cow '' . In `` Run Raven Run '' , we learn that Alana and Raven were best friends until 4th grade when a school play had them both competing for the role of the Tooth Fairy ( which Raven got , while Alana portrayed the tooth decay ) , and would ultimately end their friendship . Alana and Raven almost became friends again when Raven `` teamed up '' with Alana 's posse ( in the episode `` Clothes Minded '' ) , which happens after Chelsea and Eddie do not support Raven 's school `` protest '' . In the episode `` Run , Raven , Run '' , Raven and Alana briefly become friends until Chelsea reveals that Raven put chewing gum in Alana 's hair . This causes her to get her head shaved and covered up . Alana , Muffy , and Loka also spend the night at Raven 's house in the episode `` Shake , Rattle , and Rae '' . In this episode , Raven and Alana almost become friends again , until Alana announces that `` the score is 1 -- 0 '' . She was replaced in season 3 by Bianca ( Erica Rivera ) , because , according to Muffy , she was so bad , she got sent to military school , while Bianca was so bad that she got kicked out of military school . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Bianca , played by Erica Rivera </Dt> <Dd> Bianca is Raven 's enemy in two episodes of season 3 , she replaced Alana when she was sent to military school and she took over Alana 's posse . She did not appear in season 4 , she was maybe sent back to military school leaving Muffy as Raven 's foremost enemy . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Muffy , played by Ashley Drane </Dt> <Dd> Muffy is a member of Alana 's ( and , later on , Bianca 's ) posse . Her role in the posse is to record important events ( like an organizer ) and tends to explain what Alana ( and , later on , Bianca ) say which is usually brief . She took over as Raven 's foremost enemy after Bianca left . There is some speculation that she might be psychic because she knows everything that Alana and Bianca are thinking . She also has a younger sister , Buffy , who is Sydney 's age , and enemy . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Loca , played by Andrea Edwards </Dt> <Dd> Loca is a member of Alana 's ( and , later on , Bianca 's ) posse . She is rough , and she did the `` bad work '' for Alana ( and then Bianca ) . She is a tall girl , whom nobody likes to mess with . She is also romantically interested in Eddie ; she likes to give him arm punches every time she sees him . She is obsessed with the boy band Boyz ' N Motion , and also loves s'mores , as seen in the episode `` Shake , Rattle , and Rae '' . Unlike Muffy , Bianca , or Alana , it shows in later episodes ( season 3 ) , she does n't have it out personally for Raven . She even shows compassion ( briefly ) for Raven in the season 3 episode `` Boyz ' N Commotion '' . Loca is shown to be nicer than Muffy or Bianca in personality and somewhat became friends with Raven . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> William , played by Frankie Ryan Manriquez </Dt> <Dd> William is one of Cory 's best friends . He is known to be very smart , and loves ducks . He is afraid of girls , and he can play the clarinet and keyboard . His classmates call him `` Captain Brainypants '' . He `` invents '' many different gadgets in various episodes , such as the `` remote - controlled refrigerator opener '' . He once does Raven 's science project , in exchange for her designing him a new wardrobe to look `` cooler '' . It has been implied that William is younger than

In the TV show "That's So Raven", the character Bianca is played by

Who plays bianca in that's so raven?

-3365001005802655718

Roberts ( surname ) - wikipedia <H1> Roberts ( surname ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Roberts is a surname of Norman origin , deriving from the Norman given name Robert , meaning `` bright renown '' -- from the Germanic elements `` hrod '' meaning renown and `` beraht '' meaning bright . Roberts may mean either `` servant of Robert '' or `` son of Robert '' ; the latter is more common in Wales , while the former is more common in England . Although the name Robert was known in the British isles before the Norman Conquest in 1066 , it was mainly introduced into Britain by the Normans . Today the surname Roberts is common in England , Wales , Ireland and the Isle of Man , with the biggest concentration by far occurring in North Wales . The name is also common in Scotland . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 People </Li> <Li> 2 Fictional characters </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> People ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of people with surname Roberts <H2> Fictional characters ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Audrey Roberts , television series character from Coronation Street </Li> <Li> Barbara Millicent Roberts , doll known as Barbie </Li> <Li> Dread Pirate Roberts , a character in The Princess Bride </Li> <Li> Irene Roberts , television series character from Home and Away </Li> <Li> Skipper Roberts , doll known as Skipper </Li> <Li> Summer Roberts , television series character from The O.C. </Li> <Li> Tutti and Todd Roberts , dolls known as Tutti and Todd </Li> <Li> Renée Roberts , English dubbed name for Zakuro Fujiwara in Tokyo Mew Mew </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Robert ( surname ) </Li> <Li> Robertson ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Roberts ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Robarts ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Robards </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Vanderpool Gormley , C.G. , Myra ( 2007 ) . `` How Green Was My Valley ? The Welsh : Surnames and Migrations '' . GenealogyMagazine.com . Stephenville , Texas , USA : Datatrace Systems . Archived from the original on 2008 - 09 - 19 . Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 08 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cottle , Basil . Penguin Dictionary of Surnames . Baltimore , MD : Penguin Books , 1967 . No ISBN . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hanks , Patricia and Hodges , Flavia. 1990 . A Dictionary of Surnames . Oxford University Press , Oxford . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Surname list This page lists people with the surname Roberts . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page , you may wish to change that link by adding the person 's given name ( s ) to the link . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roberts_(surname)&oldid=835425455 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Surnames </Li> <Li> Welsh - language surnames </Li> <Li> Patronymic surnames </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Disambiguation pages with short description </Li> <Li> All set index articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Slovenščina </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 8 April 2018 , at 17 : 06 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The last name Roberts originates from

Where does the last name roberts come from?

9021116085237545618

Sorus - wikipedia <H1> Sorus </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the villages in Azerbaijan , see Soru and Sors , Azerbaijan . The underside of a fertile frond of Dicksonia antarctica . Each circular brown structure is an individual sorus . <P> A sorus ( pl . sori ) is a cluster of sporangia ( structures producing and containing spores ) in ferns and fungi . This New Latin word is from Ancient Greek σωρός ( sōrós ' stack , pile , heap ' ) . </P> <P> In lichens and other fungi , the sorus is surrounded by an external layer . In some red algae it may take the form of a depression into the thallus . </P> <P> In ferns , these form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond . In some species , they are protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called the indusium , which forms an umbrella - like cover . </P> <P> Sori occur on the sporophyte generation , the sporangia within producing haploid meio spores . As the sporongia mature , the indusium shrivels so that spore release is unimpeded . The sporangia then burst and release the spores . </P> <P> The shape , arrangement , and location of the sori are often valuable clues in the identification of fern taxa . Sori may be circular or linear . They may be arranged in rows , either parallel or oblique to the costa , or randomly . Their location may be marginal or set away from the margin on the frond lamina . The presence or absence of indusium is also used to identify fern taxa . </P> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sorus . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> <P> Sorus Phlebodium aureum 50x </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Scattered sori </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Linear sori </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Sori covering a frond 's entire underside ( acrostichoid ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Fern sorus with immature sporangia </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Circular sori with mature sporangia </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Sori with indusia at different stages of development . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Fungal sori of the Meadowsweet Rust gall . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Large sori </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Polypodium vulgare </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Sword fern . The indusia have opened , revealing the sporangia . Scale bar , 1 mm </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Sorocarp </Li> </Ul> <H2> References and external links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> DiversityOfLife -- Fern identification tool . </Li> <Li> Encyclopædia Britannica : sorus 2007 . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . Retrieved 20 November 2007 . </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sorus&oldid=800083069 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Plant anatomy </Li> <Li> Fungal morphology and anatomy </Li> <Li> Pteridophyta </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Eesti </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Gaeilge </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Română </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 11 September 2017 , at 12 : 14 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The spore-containing sori of a fern are found

Where are the spore containing sori of a fern found?

440199079925036478

directly appoint branch office committee members and traveling overseers , and only such direct appointees are described as `` representatives of the Governing Body . '' </P> <H2> Relationship with `` faithful and discreet slave '' ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Faithful and discreet slave <P> The Governing Body is said to provide `` spiritual food '' for Jehovah 's Witnesses worldwide . Until late 2012 , the Governing Body described itself as the representative and `` spokesman '' for God 's `` faithful and discreet slave class '' ( approximately 11,800 Witnesses who profess to be anointed ) who are collectively said to be God 's `` prophet '' and `` channel for new spiritual light '' . The Governing Body does not consult with the other anointed Witnesses whom it was said to represent when formulating policy and doctrines or approving material for publications and conventions ; the authority of the Governing Body was presumed to be analogous to that of the older men of Jerusalem in cases such as the first - century circumcision issue . The majority of Witnesses who profess to be anointed have no authority to contribute to the development or change of doctrines . Anointed Witnesses are instructed to remain modest and avoid `` wildly speculating about things that are still unclear , '' instead waiting for God to reveal his purposes in The Watchtower . </P> <P> In 2009 , The Watchtower indicated that the dissemination of `` new spiritual light '' is the responsibility of only `` a limited number '' of the `` slave class '' , asking : `` Are all these anointed ones throughout the earth part of a global network that is somehow involved in revealing new spiritual truths ? No . '' In 2010 the society said that `` deep truths '' were discerned by `` responsible representatives '' of the `` faithful and discreet slave class '' at the group 's headquarters , and then considered by the entire Governing Body before making doctrinal decisions . In August 2011 , the Governing Body cast doubt on other members ' claims of being anointed , stating that `` A number of factors -- including past religious beliefs or even mental or emotional imbalance -- might cause some to assume mistakenly that they have the heavenly calling . '' The Governing Body also stated that `` we have no way of knowing the exact number of anointed ones on earth ; nor do we need to know '' , and that it `` does not maintain a global network of anointed ones . '' At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society , the `` faithful and discreet slave '' was redefined as referring to the Governing Body only and the terms are now synonymous . </P> <H2> Governing Body members ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Current ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following people are members of the Governing Body of Jehovah 's Witnesses ( year appointed in parentheses ) : </P> <Ul> <Li> Kenneth Cook ( 2018 ) </Li> <Li> Samuel F. Herd ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Geoffrey Jackson ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Mark Stephen Lett ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Gerrit Lösch ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Anthony Morris III ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Mark Sanderson ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> David H. Splane ( 1999 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Former ( edit ) </H3> <P> Prior to 1971 , various Watch Tower Society directors were informally identified as members of the `` governing body '' . Jehovah 's Witnesses publications began capitalizing Governing Body as a proper noun in 1971 ; The Watchtower that year announced `` The present Governing Body comprises eleven anointed witnesses of Jehovah . '' These eleven members are indicated in italics in the list below . Years active are shown in parentheses . All members served until their deaths unless specified . </P> <Ul> <Li> Thomas J. Sullivan ( 1932 -- 1974 ) </Li> <Li> Grant Suiter ( 1938 -- 1983 ) </Li> <Li> Nathan Homer Knorr ( 1940 -- 1977 ) -- 4th President of Watch Tower Society </Li> <Li> Frederick William Franz ( 1944 -- 1992 ) -- 5th President of Watch Tower Society </Li> <Li> Lyman Alexander Swingle ( 1945 -- 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Milton George Henschel ( 1947 -- 2003 ) -- 6th President of Watch Tower Society </Li> <Li> John O. Groh ( 1965 -- 1975 ) </Li> <Li> Raymond Franz ( 1971 -- 1980 ) -- Resigned </Li> <Li> George D. Gangas ( 1971 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Leo K. Greenlees ( 1971 -- 1984 ) -- Resigned </Li> <Li> William K. Jackson ( 1971 -- 1981 ) </Li> <Li> William Lloyd Barry ( 1974 -- 1999 ) </Li> <Li> John C. Booth ( 1974 -- 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Ewart C. Chitty ( 1974 -- 1979 ) -- Resigned </Li> <Li> Charles J. Fekel ( 1974 -- 1977 ) </Li> <Li> Theodore Jaracz ( 1974 -- 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Karl F. Klein ( 1974 -- 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Albert D. Schroeder ( 1974 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Daniel Sydlik ( 1974 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Carey W. Barber ( 1977 -- 2007 ) </Li> <Li> John E. Barr ( 1977 -- 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Martin Pötzinger ( 1977 -- 1988 ) </Li> <Li> Guy Hollis Pierce ( 1999 -- 2014 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Organizational structure of Jehovah 's Witnesses </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Penton , M. James ( 1997 ) . Apocalypse Delayed : The Story of Jehovah 's Witnesses . University of Toronto Press . p. 216 . ISBN 0 - 8020 - 7973 - 3 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Questions From Readers '' . The Watchtower : 703 . November 15 , 1972 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Our active leader today '' , The Watchtower , September 15 , 2010 , page 27

The leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses are

Who are the leaders of the jehovah witnesses?

401505652382102094

Seven churches of Asia - wikipedia <H1> Seven churches of Asia </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the seven churches mentioned in the Book of Revelation . For other uses , see Seven Churches ( disambiguation ) . Map of western Anatolia showing the island Patmos and the locations of the cities housing the seven churches <P> The Seven Churches of Revelation , also known as the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse and the Seven Churches of Asia , are seven major churches of Early Christianity , as mentioned in the New Testament Book of Revelation . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Description </Li> <Li> 2 The Churches </Li> <Li> 3 Seven messages </Li> <Li> 4 Angels of the churches </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> <P> The `` churches '' in this context refers to the community or local congregations of Christians living in each city , and not merely to the building or buildings in which they gathered for worship . </P> <P> In an early part of the Revelation , on the Greek island of Patmos , Jesus Christ instructs John of Patmos to : `` Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches : to Ephesus , and to Smyrna , and to Pergamum , and to Thyatira , and to Sardis , and to Philadelphia , and to Laodicea . '' </P> <H2> The churches ( edit ) </H2> The seven churches of Asia in stained glass in York Minster by John Thornton <P> The seven Churches are named for their locations . The Revelation provides descriptions of each Church . </P> <Ul> <Li> Ephesus ( Revelation 2 : 1 - 7 ) - the church known for having laboured hard and not fainted , and separating themselves from the wicked ; admonished for having forsaken its first love ( 2 : 4 ) </Li> <Li> Smyrna ( Revelation 2 : 8 - 11 ) - the church admired for its tribulation and poverty ; forecast to suffer persecution ( 2 : 10 ) </Li> <Li> Pergamum ( Revelation 2 : 12 - 17 ) - the church located at ' Satan 's seat ' ; needed to repent of allowing false teachers ( 2 : 16 ) </Li> <Li> Thyatira ( Revelation 2 : 18 - 29 ) - the church known for its charity , whose `` latter works are greater than the former '' ; held the teachings of a false prophetess ( 2 : 20 ) </Li> <Li> Sardis ( Revelation 3 : 1 - 6 ) - the church that has a good name ; cautioned to fortify itself and return to God through repentance ( 3 : 2 - 3 ) </Li> <Li> Philadelphia ( Revelation 3 : 7 - 13 ) - the church steadfast in faith , that had kept God 's word and endured patiently ( 3 : 10 ) </Li> <Li> Laodicea , near Denizli ( see Laodicean Church ) ( Revelation 3 : 14 - 22 ) - the church that was lukewarm and insipid ( to God ) ( 3 : 16 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Seven messages ( edit ) </H2> <P> The letters follow a common pattern . For example : the Lord first addresses each church and identifies himself , then defines things that he knows about the church in question . After this , a challenge or reproach is given , followed by a promise . In all seven cases the admonition is included , `` He who has an ear , let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches '' , although sometimes this comes before the promise and sometimes after . </P> <P> Although the letters differ in length in accord with the needs of each community , all conclude with an appeal to hold fast and to listen to what the Spirit is saying to the churches . Each church is promised that everyone who conquers will be rewarded by Christ . </P> <P> Some historicists typically interpret the seven churches as representing seven different periods in the history of the Western Church from the time of Paul until the return of Jesus Christ . Scofield states that `` these messages by their very terms go beyond the local assemblies mentioned . '' He is of the opinion that the letters have a prophetic purpose disclosing the seven phases of the spiritual history of the Church . Other writers , such as Clarence Larkin , Henry Hampton Halley , Merrill Unger , and William M. Branham also have posited the view that the seven churches preview the history of the global Church . </P> Mosaic in St Mark 's Basilica of the seven angels <P> Historicism has been criticized by the Eastern Orthodox Fr . Dimitri Cozby , who writes that historicists take a greatly oversimplified view of church history : `` Since dispensationalism is Protestant in origin its ' Church history ' is strictly Western . The dispensations take into account almost nothing of Orthodox history after the period of the early councils which we share with the West . '' </P> <H2> Angels of the churches ( edit ) </H2> <P> Chapters 2 - 3 of the Revelation have specific messages for each of the seven churches . The message of each of the seven letters is directed to the angel of the particular church that is mentioned . </P> <P> Origen explains that these `` angels '' are the guardian angels of the churches , a view upheld by Henry Alford . But Epiphanius explicitly rejects this view , and , in accordance with the imagery of the passage , explains it as the bishops . </P> <P> John sees a vision of the Son of man , who walks among seven lampstands and has seven stars in his right hand . Revelation 1

The church that was given a letter in the book of Revelation was the church of

Which church was given a letter in the book of revelation?

-6544639991517260033

Peripheral nervous system - wikipedia <H1> Peripheral nervous system </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Peripheral nervous system </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The human nervous system . Blue is PNS ; yellow is CNS . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acronym ( s ) </Th> <Td> PNS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> D017933 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A14. 2.00. 001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 9903 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The peripheral nervous system ( PNS ) is one of the two components of the nervous system , the other part is the central nervous system ( CNS ) . The PNS consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord . The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs , essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body . Unlike the CNS , the PNS is not protected by the vertebral column and skull , or by the blood -- brain barrier , which leaves it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries . The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system . In the somatic nervous system , the cranial nerves are part of the PNS with the exception of the optic nerve ( cranial nerve II ) , along with the retina . The second cranial nerve is not a true peripheral nerve but a tract of the diencephalon . Cranial nerve ganglia originated in the CNS . However , the remaining ten cranial nerve axons extend beyond the brain and are therefore considered part of the PNS . The autonomic nervous system is an involuntary control of smooth muscle and glands . The connection between CNS and organs allows the system to be in two different functional states : sympathetic and parasympathetic . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Somatic nervous system <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Cervical spinal nerves ( C1 -- C4 ) </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Brachial plexus ( C5 -- T1 ) </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Lumbosacral plexus ( L1 -- Co1 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Autonomic nervous system <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Sympathetic nervous system </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Parasympathetic nervous system </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Disease </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system , and the autonomic nervous system . The somatic nervous system is under voluntary control , and transmits signals from the brain to end organs such as muscle s . The sensory nervous system is part of the somatic nervous system and transmits signals from senses such as taste and touch ( including fine touch and gross touch ) to the spinal cord and brain . The autonomic nervous system is a ' self - regulating ' system which influences the function of organs outside voluntary control , such as the heart rate , or the functions of the digestive system . </P> <H3> Somatic nervous system ( edit ) </H3> See also : List of nerves of the human body <P> The somatic system includes the sensory nervous system and the somatosensory system and consists of sensory nerves and somatic nerves , and many nerves which hold both functions . </P> <P> In the head and neck , cranial nerve s carry somatosensory data . There are twelve cranial nerves , ten of which originate from the brainstem , and mainly control the functions of the anatomic structures of the head with some exceptions . The nuclei of the olfactory nerve and the optic nerve s lie in the forebrain and thalamus , respectively , and are thus not considered to be true cranial nerves . One unique cranial nerve is the vagus nerve , which receives sensory information from organs in the thorax and abdomen . The accessory nerve is responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles , neither of which being exclusively in the head . </P> <P> For the rest of the body , spinal nerves are responsible for somatosensory information . These arise from the spinal cord . Usually these arise as a web ( `` plexus '' ) of interconnected nerves roots that arrange to form single nerves . These nerves control the functions of the rest of the body . In humans , there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves : 8 cervical , 12 thoracic , 5 lumbar , 5 sacral , and 1 coccygeal . These nerve roots are named according to the spinal vertebrata which they are adjacent to . In the cervical region , the spinal nerve roots come out above the corresponding vertebrae ( i.e. , nerve root between the skull and 1st cervical vertebrae is called spinal nerve C1 ) . From the thoracic region to the coccygeal region , the spinal nerve roots come out below the corresponding vertebrae . It is important to note that this method creates a problem when naming the spinal nerve root between C7 and T1 ( so it is called spinal nerve root C8 ) . In the lumbar and sacral region , the spinal nerve roots travel within the dural sac and they travel below the level of L2 as the cauda equina . </P> Cervical spinal nerves ( C1 -- C4 ) ( edit ) Further information : Cervical plexus <P> The first 4 cervical spinal nerves , C1 through C4 , split and recombine to produce a variety of nerves that serve the neck and back of head . </P> <P> Spinal nerve C1 is called the suboccipital nerve , which provides motor innervation to muscles at the base of the skull . C2 and C3 form many of

The peripheral nervous system is composed of

What parts make up the peripheral nervous system?

6233359758440471982

Photosynthesis - wikipedia <H1> Photosynthesis </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Schematic of photosynthesis in plants . The carbohydrates produced are stored in or used by the plant . Overall equation for the type of photosynthesis that occurs in plants Composite image showing the global distribution of photosynthesis , including both oceanic phytoplankton and terrestrial vegetation . Dark red and blue - green indicate regions of high photosynthetic activity in the ocean and on land , respectively . <P> Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms ' activities ( energy transformation ) . This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules , such as sugars , which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water -- hence the name photosynthesis , from the Greek φῶς , phōs , `` light '' , and σύνθεσις , synthesis , `` putting together '' . In most cases , oxygen is also released as a waste product . Most plants , most algae , and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis ; such organisms are called photoautotrophs . Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth 's atmosphere , and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth . </P> <P> Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species , the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments . In plants , these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts , which are most abundant in leaf cells , while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane . In these light - dependent reactions , some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances , such as water , producing oxygen gas . The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two further compounds that act as an immediate energy storage means : reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) and adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) , the `` energy currency '' of cells . </P> <P> In plants , algae and cyanobacteria , long - term energy storage in the form of sugars is produced by a subsequent sequence of light - independent reactions called the Calvin cycle ; some bacteria use different mechanisms , such as the reverse Krebs cycle , to achieve the same end . In the Calvin cycle , atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds , such as ribulose bisphosphate ( RuBP ) . Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light - dependent reactions , the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates , such as glucose . </P> <P> The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide , rather than water , as sources of electrons . Cyanobacteria appeared later ; the excess oxygen they produced contributed directly to the oxygenation of the Earth , which rendered the evolution of complex life possible . Today , the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts , which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization . Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100 -- 115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview </Li> <Li> 2 Photosynthetic membranes and organelles </Li> <Li> 3 Light - dependent reactions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Z scheme </Li> <Li> 3.2 Water photolysis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Light - independent reactions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Calvin cycle </Li> <Li> 4.2 Carbon concentrating mechanisms <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 On land </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 In water </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Order and kinetics </Li> <Li> 6 Efficiency </Li> <Li> 7 Evolution <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Symbiosis and the origin of chloroplasts </Li> <Li> 7.2 Cyanobacteria and the evolution of photosynthesis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Discovery <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Development of the concept </Li> <Li> 8.2 C3 : C4 photosynthesis research </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Factors <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Light intensity ( irradiance ) , wavelength and temperature </Li> <Li> 9.2 Carbon dioxide levels and photorespiration </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Books </Li> <Li> 12.2 Papers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview </H2> Photosynthesis changes sunlight into chemical energy , splits water to liberate O , and fixes CO into sugar . <P> Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs , which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light . However , not all organisms that use light as a source of energy carry out photosynthesis ; photoheterotrophs use organic compounds , rather than carbon dioxide , as a source of carbon . In plants , algae , and cyanobacteria , photosynthesis releases oxygen . This is called oxygenic photosynthesis and is by far the most common type of photosynthesis used by living organisms . Although there are some differences between oxygenic photosynthesis in plants , algae , and cyanobacteria , the overall process is quite similar in these organisms . There are also many varieties of anoxygenic photosynthesis , used mostly by certain types of bacteria , which consume carbon dioxide but do not release oxygen . </P> <P> Carbon dioxide is converted into sugars in a process called carbon fixation . Photosynthesis provides the energy in the form of free electrons that are used to split carbon from carbon dioxide that is then used to fix that carbon once again as carbohydrate . Carbon fixation is an endothermic redox reaction , so photosynthesis supplies the energy that drives both process . In general outline , photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration , in which glucose and other compounds are oxidized to

The source of electrons during photosynthesis is

What is the source of electrons during photosynthesis?

-5218839348192563170

<Td> </Td> <Td> This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably . Please consider splitting content into sub-articles , condensing it , or adding or removing subheadings . ( March 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> United Kingdom telephone numbers <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location of the United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Location </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Continent </Th> <Td> Europe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Regulator </Th> <Td> Ofcom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Open </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NSN length </Th> <Td> 7 , 9 , 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Typical format </Th> <Td> various , see text </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Numbering plan </Th> <Td> The National Telephone Numbering Plan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last updated </Th> <Td> 13 December 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Access codes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country calling code </Th> <Td> + 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> International call prefix </Th> <Td> 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trunk prefix </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of United Kingdom dialing codes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are administered by the UK government 's Office of Communications ( Ofcom ) . For this purpose Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan , known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan , which is the system for assigning telephone numbers to subscriber stations . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Format <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Geographic numbering <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Standard geographic numbers <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1.1 Four - digit area codes </Li> <Li> 2.1. 1.2 Three - digit area codes </Li> <Li> 2.1. 1.3 Two - digit area codes </Li> <Li> 2.1. 1.4 Five - digit area codes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 National dialling only ranges </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Mobile telephones </Li> <Li> 2.3 Pagers and personal numbering </Li> <Li> 2.4 Non-geographic numbering <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 Non-geographic numbers charged at geographic rate </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2 Corporate and VoIP numbering </Li> <Li> 2.4. 3 Freephone numbers </Li> <Li> 2.4. 4 Fixed - rate or special - rate services </Li> <Li> 2.4. 5 Other 08xx number ranges </Li> <Li> 2.4. 6 Premium rate content services ( PRS and SES ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Crown dependencies <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Guernsey </Li> <Li> 3.2 Jersey </Li> <Li> 3.3 Isle of Man </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Fictitious numbers </Li> <Li> 5 Special service numbers <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Emergency services and helplines </Li> <Li> 5.2 Speaking clock </Li> <Li> 5.3 Automated services and access codes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 History </Li> <Li> 7 Telephone numbers in Overseas Territories <Ul> <Li> 7.1 North American Numbering Plan </Li> <Li> 7.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since 28 April 2001 , almost all geographic numbers and most non-geographic numbers have 9 or 10 national ( significant ) numbers after the `` 0 '' trunk code . All mobile telephone numbers have 10 national ( significant ) numbers after the `` 0 '' trunk code . The overall structure of the UK 's National Numbering Plan is : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Prefix </Th> <Th> Service type </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 01 </Th> <Td> Geographic area codes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 02 </Th> <Td> Geographic area codes ( introduced in 2000 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 03 </Th> <Td> Non-geographic numbers charged at standard geographic area code rates ( introduced 2007 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 04 </Th> <Td> Reserved . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 05 </Th> <Td> Corporate numbering and VoIP services ( some VoIP services use 08 or geographic numbers ) . Freephone ( toll free ) on 0500 until June 2017 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 06 </Th> <Td> Was reserved for possible use by personal numbering ( PNS ) instead of 070 following consumer confusion with mobile phones . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 07 </Th> <Td> Mostly for mobile phones on 071xx , 072xx , 073xx , 074xx , 075xx , 07624 , 077xx , 078xx , and 079xx . Personal numbering on 070 . Pagers on 076xx . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 08 </Th> <Td> Freephone ( toll free ) on 080 , and Special Services ( formerly known as local and national rate ) on 084 and 087 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 09 </Th> <Td> Premium Rate services ( PRS ) . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A short sample of geographic numbers , set out in the officially approved ( Ofcom ) number groups : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Number </Th> <Th> Location </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 020 ) xxxx xxxx </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 024 ) 7xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Coventry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 029 ) xxxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Cardiff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 0113 ) xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Leeds </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 0114 ) xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Sheffield </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 0121 ) xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Birmingham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 0117 ) xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Bristol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 0131 ) xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 0141 ) xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Glasgow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 0161 ) xxx xxxx </Td> <Td> Manchester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01223 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Cambridge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01257 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Chorley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01382 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Dundee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01386 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Evesham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01935 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Yeovil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01865 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Oxford </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01772 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Preston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01792 ) xxxxxx </Td> <Td> Swansea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 01204 ) xxxxx </Td> <Td> Bolton </Td>

A UK mobile phone number consists of

How long is a uk mobile phone number?

-4620078914335056493

begins to drop again , however , they quickly return to a brumation state . Sliders generally come up for food in early March to as late as the end of April . </P> <P> During brumation , T. s . elegans can survive anaerobically for weeks , producing ATP from glycolysis . The turtle 's metabolic rate drops dramatically , with heart rate and cardiac output dropping by 80 % to minimise energy requirements . The lactic acid produced is buffered by minerals in the shell , preventing acidosis . Red - eared sliders kept captive indoors should not brumate . </P> Red - eared slider sunbathing : Heat absorption is more effective when their limbs are stretched outwards . <H3> Reproduction ( edit ) </H3> Hatching turtle with its egg tooth Female laying eggs in a nest she dug out with her hind legs <P> Courtship and mating activities for red - eared sliders usually occur between March and July , and take place under water . During courtship , the male swims around the female and flutters or vibrates the back side of his long claws on and around her face and head , possibly to direct pheromones towards her . The female swims toward the male and , if she is receptive , sinks to the bottom for mating . If the female is not receptive , she may become aggressive towards the male . Courtship can last 45 minutes , but mating takes only 10 minutes . </P> A pair of red - eared sliders . <P> On occasion , a male may appear to be courting another male , and when kept in captivity may also show this behaviour towards other household pets . Between male turtles , it could be a sign of dominance and may preclude a fight . Young turtles may carry out the courtship dance before they reach sexual maturity at five years of age , but they are unable to mate . </P> <P> After mating , the female spends extra time basking to keep her eggs warm . She may also have a change of diet , eating only certain foods , or not eating as much as she normally would . A female can lay between two and 30 eggs depending on body size and other factors . One female can lay up to five clutches in the same year , and clutches are usually spaced 12 to 36 days apart . The time between mating and egg - laying can be days or weeks . The actual egg fertilization takes place during the egg - laying . This process also permits the laying of fertile eggs the following season , as the sperm can remain viable and available in the female 's body in the absence of mating . During the last weeks of gestation , the female spends less time in the water and smells and scratches at the ground , indicating she is searching for a suitable place to lay her eggs . The female excavates a hole , using her hind legs , and lays her eggs in it . </P> <P> Incubation takes 59 to 112 days . Late - season hatchlings may spend the winter in the nest and emerge when the weather warms in the spring . Just prior to hatching , the egg contains 50 % turtle and 50 % egg sac . A new hatchling breaks open its egg with its egg tooth , which falls out about an hour after hatching . This egg tooth never grows back . Hatchlings may stay inside their eggshells after hatching for the first day or two . If they are forced to leave the eggshell before they are ready , they will return if possible . When a hatchling decides to leave the shell , it still has a small sac protruding from its plastron . The yolk sac is vital and provides nourishment while visible , and several days later it will have been absorbed into the turtle 's belly . The sac must be absorbed , and does not fall off . The split must heal on its own before the turtle is able to swim . The time between the egg hatching and water entry is 21 days . </P> <P> Damage to or inordinate motion of the protruding egg yolk , enough to allow air into the turtle 's body , results in death . This is the main reason for marking the top of turtle eggs if their relocation is required for any reason . An egg turned upside down will eventually terminate the embryo 's growth by the sac smothering the embryo . If it manages to reach term , the turtle will try to flip over with the yolk sac , which would allow air into the body cavity and cause death . The other fatal danger is water getting into the body cavity before the sac is absorbed completely and while the opening has not completely healed yet . </P> <P> The sex of red - eared sliders is determined by the incubation temperature during critical phases of the embryos ' development . Only males are produced when eggs are incubated at temperatures of 22 -- 27 ° C ( 72 -- 81 ° F ) , whereas females develop at warmer temperatures . Colder temperatures result in the death of the embryos . </P> <H2> Red - eared sliders as pets ( edit ) </H2> T. s . elegans <P> Red - eared slider turtles are the world 's most commonly traded reptile , due to their relatively low price , small size and easy maintenance . As with other turtles , tortoises , and box turtles , individuals that survive their first year or two can be expected to live generally around 30 years . But they are an infection risk , and when they mature they can inflict painful bites , which results in many being dumped into the wild with negative ecological , social and economic impacts . </P> <H3> Infection risks

Red ear slider turtles lay their eggs in

Where do red ear slider turtles lay eggs?

-8055004517352753847

Thornton </Li> <Li> Bernard Curry </Li> <Li> Leeanna Walsman </Li> <Li> Kris McQuade </Li> <Li> Catherine McClements </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> Instrumental theme ( season 1 ) `` You Do n't Know Me '' by Pleasantville ( season 2 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ending theme </Th> <Td> Closing instrumental theme ( season 1 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Richard Pleasance </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 58 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jo Porter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Amanda Crittenden ( series producer ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 43 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> FremantleMedia Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> SoHo ( 2013 -- 16 ) </Li> <Li> Showcase ( 2017 -- ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 576i ( SDTV ) 1080i ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 1 May 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 01 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related shows </Th> <Td> Prisoner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Wentworth is an Australian television drama program . It was first broadcast on SoHo on 1 May 2013 . The series serves as a contemporary reimagining of Prisoner , which ran on Network Ten from 1979 to 1986 . Lara Radulovich and David Hannam developed Wentworth from Reg Watson 's original concept . The series is set in the modern day and initially focuses on Bea Smith 's ( Danielle Cormack ) early days in prison and her subsequent rise to the top of the prison 's hierarchy . Following Cormack 's departure from the show at the end of the fourth season , the series shifted it 's focus onto a more ensemble format . </P> <P> For the first three seasons , Wentworth was filmed on purpose - built sets in the suburbs of Clayton , Victoria . Production moved to Newport , Victoria , starting with the fourth season . The show has received a mostly positive reception from critics , and the first episode became the most watched Australian drama series premiere in Foxtel history . The series was picked up by several countries , including New Zealand and the UK , where it has been retitled Wentworth Prison . </P> <P> A sixth season was commissioned by Foxtel on 9 May 2017 , which will premiere on 19 June 2018 . A seventh season was commissioned in April 2018 , before the sixth season premiere , with filming commencing the following week and a premiere set for 2019 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Conception </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 4.2 Streaming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5.2 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Home media </Li> <Li> 7 Remakes </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> Further information : List of Wentworth episodes <P> Wentworth is set in modern - day Australia and focuses on Bea Smith ( Danielle Cormack ) when she first enters prison after being charged with the attempted murder of her husband . Bea is separated from her daughter and sent to Wentworth on remand , where she lives in `` an uncertain limbo '' until she is sentenced . Starting at the bottom of Wentworth 's hierarchy , Bea is forced to learn how to survive in prison . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Series </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> <Th> Network </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 1 May 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 3 July 2013 ( 2013 - 07 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> SoHo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 12 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 20 May 2014 ( 2014 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> 5 August 2014 ( 2014 - 08 - 05 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 12 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 7 April 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 23 June 2015 ( 2015 - 06 - 23 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 12 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 10 May 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> 26 July 2016 ( 2016 - 07 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 5 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 12 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 4 April 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 04 ) </Td> <Td> 20 June 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> Showcase </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Wentworth characters <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nicole da Silva as former `` Top Dog '' Inmate Francesca `` Franky '' Doyle </Li> <Li> Kate Atkinson as Governor Vera Bennett </Li> <Li> Celia Ireland as Inmate Elizabeth `` Liz '' Birdsworth </Li> <Li> Robbie J. Magasiva as Deputy Governor Will Jackson </Li> <Li> Katrina Milosevic as Inmate Sue `` Boomer '' Jenkins ( recurring season 1 ; main

The new season of Wentworth is coming out on

When is the new season of wentworth coming out?

4395517906465074470

Tip and ring - wikipedia <H1> Tip and ring </H1> Jump to : navigation , search 1 : Sleeve , 2 : Ring , 3 : Tip , 4 : Insulators <P> Tip and ring are the names of the two conductors or sides of a telephone line . The terms originate in reference to the telephone plugs used for connecting telephone calls in manual switchboards . One side of the line is connected to the metal tip of the plug , and the second is connected to a metal ring behind the tip , separated and insulated from the tip by a non-conducting material . When inserted into a jack , the plug 's tip conductor connects first , followed by the ring conductor . In many European countries tip and ring are referred to as the A and B wires . </P> <P> Neither of the tip and ring conductors is permanently connected to earth ground , but may be connected to ground during signaling operations . Typically , the ring conductor has a direct current ( DC ) potential of − 48 V to − 52 V with respect to the tip conductor when the line is in the on - hook ( idle ) state . Floating both conductors , not referencing either one to ground , minimizes the pickup of hum from any nearby alternating current ( AC ) power wires . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Line voltage </Li> <Li> 3 Polarity </Li> <Li> 4 Color code </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin ( edit ) </H2> <P> The terms tip and ring originated in the early days of telephony when telephone operators used plugs to connect customer calls . They are named after the parts of the plug to which the wires were connected . The words are often abbreviated as T and R . </P> <H2> Line voltage ( edit ) </H2> <P> The telephone company maintains large battery systems that supply DC line voltage for the operation of analog telephone service at customer locations . The voltage supplied is a compromise between operational needs for reliable service and safety precautions for customers and service personnel . The length of the line to a customer telephone interface presents a resistance across which the central office voltage experiences a drop and therefore the voltage at the customer site may vary . The nominal battery ( system ) voltage is 52.1 V , based on a 24 - cell lead - acid battery . The voltage at a subscriber 's network interface is typically 48 V between the ring and tip wires . </P> <P> In the middle 20th century , long loops in many rural areas of North America used range extenders , which operated at 100 or 130 volts to ensure reliable signaling . Some rural switching systems were designed to apply range extenders internally and thus share a few extenders among many lines , while for other lines , one extender was applied externally per line . </P> <P> To ring the telephone to alert a subscriber to an incoming call , the central office superimposes a 20 Hz AC signal , at a nominal voltage of 105 volts , over the DC voltage present on the idle line . Historically several multi-frequency systems have been used , however , for selective alerting of multiple subscribers connected to a party line , for which the A.C. voltage may be as high as 150 V . </P> <H2> Polarity ( edit ) </H2> <P> To provide cathodic protection against corrosion of line wires , operating potential of telephone lines is typically negative with respect to ground , and the tip side is generally close to the ground potential . Thus , all power supplies for telecommunication equipment are designated to supply a negative voltage . </P> <P> In the early years of the telephone industry when rotary dial instruments were in use , the polarity when connecting a telephone set to the tip and ring wires was usually important only for properly ringing a telephone , especially in party line service with selective ringing , and for correctly identifying the calling customer on certain party lines for toll calls . </P> <P> When Touch - Tone service was introduced in the 1960s , the dual - tone multi-frequency signaling ( DTMF ) tone generator also required correct polarity as it depended on the line D.C. voltage for operation . Later Touch - Tone telephones included a diode bridge that eliminated the polarity sensitivity , so that consumer telephone service is essentially immune to reversal today . However , some special circuits , such as some direct inward dialing ( DID ) trunks , T - 1 lines , and ground start lines connected to field side ( terminal ) equipment , e.g. , a corporate private branch exchange ( PBX ) switch , correctly operate only with proper tip and ring polarity . </P> <H2> Color code ( edit ) </H2> <P> When simple on - premises wiring is color - coded , two - wire telephone plugs or the first pair of a multi-pair connector commonly have the tip wire coded green and ring coded red . In four wire plugs , the second pair has black tip and yellow ring . A third pair consists of white tip and blue ring . For larger cable assemblies more complex schemes such as the 25 - pair color code are used . </P> <P> Some telephone technicians used various phrase , such as red - right - ring - rear , or ring - right - red - rough , to remember that the red wire connects to the right - side post in the wall jack and to the ring on the plug and to the rear lug on main distribution frames . Sometimes rough or ridge was added for jumper wires with a tactile code . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol>

In Australia, the idle line voltage is

What is the idle line voltage in australia?

-7229544162712597170

The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane - wikipedia <H1> The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Kate DiCamillo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover artist </Th> <Td> Bagram Ibatoulline </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Young adult novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Candlewick Press </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> March 30 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( Hardback & Paperback ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 192pp </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 0 - 7636 - 2589 - 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 41601218 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> LC Class </Th> <Td> PZ7. D5455 Be 2000 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane is a 2006 novel by Kate DiCamillo . Following the life of a china rabbit , the book won the 2006 Boston Globe - Horn Book Award in Fiction category . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Themes </Li> <Li> 3 Awards , nominations , and recognition </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Edward Tulane is a china rabbit given to a ten - year - old girl named Abilene by her grandmother in the 1930s . He enjoys a pleasant but vain life with his young mistress , who treats him with the utmost love and respect , until an unfortunate incident finds him falling overboard while vacationing on the RMS Queen Mary . Edward spends 297 days on the ocean floor , until a storm frees him from the seabed and a passing fisherman and his buddy pull him from their fishing net . The man takes him home to his wife where he is renamed and forced to wear dresses . </P> <P> Edward is passed from hand to hand of a succession of life - altering characters , such as a hobo and his dog and a four - year - old girl with tuberculosis and her brother . Edward 's journeys not only take him far from home , but even farther from the selfish rabbit he once was . Eventually , Edward is cruelly broken against a counter top edge , repaired and then offered for sale in a doll store for several years . He is finally bought by Abilene , his original mistress , now married with a daughter of her own . </P> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The novel contains several themes involving loss and recovery , kindness and compassion , and the journey to self - discovery . The main theme can be summarized by a quote from the book : `` If you have no intention of loving or being loved , then the whole journey is pointless . '' </P> <H2> Awards , nominations , and recognition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Miraculous Journey won the 2006 Boston Globe -- Horn Book Award for children 's fiction and a Parents ' Choice Award for Spring 2006 fiction . It was a Quill Awards finalist in the children 's chapter book category . </P> <P> In 2007 the U.S. National Education Association named it one of `` Teachers ' Top 100 Books for Children '' based on an online poll . In 2012 it was ranked number 59 among all - time children 's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal -- the third of three books by DiCamillo in the Top 100 . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> The book was featured in My Love from the Star , a 2014 Korean drama about an alien living on Earth for 400 years who falls in love with a popular actress . This propelled the novel to the top of the bestseller lists in major Korean bookstores as the alien repeatedly quotes from it throughout the series . </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane Book Review '' . Kidzworld.com . Retrieved 2009 - 07 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ DiCamillo , Kate ( January -- February 2007 ) . `` Boston Globe -- Horn Book Award Acceptance '' . The Horn Book Magazine . Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane '' . Parents ' Choice . Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Quill Awards - The 2006 Quills '' . The Quills Literacy Foundation . Archived from the original on 2007 - 09 - 28 . Retrieved 2007 - 10 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Teachers ' Top 100 Books for Children '' . National Education Association . 2007 . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bird , Elizabeth ( July 7 , 2012 ) . `` Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results '' . A Fuse # 8 Production . Blog . School Library Journal ( blog.schoollibraryjournal.com ) . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` TV Soap Catapults Kid 's Book to Top of Bestseller List '' . The Chosun Ilbo. 6 February 2014 . Retrieved 2014 - 03 - 11 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Edward Tulane publisher 's website </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Miraculous_Journey_of_Edward_Tulane&oldid=837414794 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2006 American novels </Li> <Li> American young adult novels </Li> <Li> Sentient toys in fiction </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Books with missing cover </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li>

The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane was published on

When was the miraculous journey of edward tulane published?

4005078879968270199

Banquo - wikipedia <H1> Banquo </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the character in Shakespeare 's Macbeth . For the small town in the United States , see Banquo , Indiana . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Banquo Thane of Lochaber </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Macbeth character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Théodore Chassériau ( 1819 -- 1856 ) , The Ghost of Banquo 1855 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> William Shakespeare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date ( s ) </Th> <Td> ca . 1603 -- 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Td> Holinshed 's Chronicles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Fleance , James I </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associate ( s ) </Th> <Td> Macbeth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quote </Th> <Td> `` Or have we eaten on the insane root That takes the reason prisoner ? '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Lord Banquo / ˈbæŋkwoʊ / , the Thane of Lochaber , is a character in William Shakespeare 's 1606 play Macbeth . In the play , he is at first an ally to Macbeth ( both are generals in the King 's army ) and they meet the Three Witches together . After prophesying that Macbeth will become king , the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself , but that his descendants will be . Later , Macbeth in his lust for power sees Banquo as a threat and has him murdered by two hired assassins ; Banquo 's son , Fleance , escapes . Banquo 's ghost returns in a later scene ( Banquet Scene ) , causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast . </P> <P> Shakespeare borrowed the character of Banquo from Holinshed 's Chronicles , a history of Britain published by Raphael Holinshed in 1587 . In Chronicles Banquo is an accomplice to Macbeth in the murder of the king , rather than a loyal subject of the king who is seen as an enemy by Macbeth . Shakespeare may have changed this aspect of his character to please King James , who was thought at the time to be a descendant of the real Banquo . Critics often interpret Banquo 's role in the play as being a foil to Macbeth , resisting evil where Macbeth embraces it . Sometimes , however , his motives are unclear , and some critics question his purity . He does nothing to accuse Macbeth of murdering the king , even though he has reason to believe Macbeth is responsible . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Sources </Li> <Li> 2 Role in the play </Li> <Li> 3 Analysis <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Foil to Macbeth </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ghost scenes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Performances and interpretations </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Sources ( edit ) </H2> See also : Holinshed 's Chronicles Macbeth and Banquo meeting the witches in a woodcut from Holinshed 's Chronicles <P> Shakespeare often used Raphael Holinshed 's Chronicles of England , Scotland , and Ireland -- commonly known as Holinshed 's Chronicles -- as a source for his plays , and in Macbeth he borrows from several of the tales in that work . Holinshed portrays Banquo as a historical figure : he is an accomplice in Mac Bethad mac Findlaích 's ( Macbeth 's ) murder of Donnchad mac Crínáin ( King Duncan ) and plays an important part in ensuring that Macbeth , not Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Malcolm ) , takes the throne in the coup that follows . Holinshed in turn used an earlier work , the Scotorum Historiae ( 1526 -- 7 ) by Hector Boece , as his source . Boece 's work is the first known record of Banquo and his son Fleance ; and scholars such as David Bevington generally consider them fictional characters invented by Boece . In Shakespeare 's day , however , they were considered historical figures of great repute , and the king , James I , based his claim to the throne in part on a descent from Banquo . The House of Stuart was descended from Walter fitz Alan , Steward of Scotland , and he was believed to have been the grandson of Fleance and Gruffydd ap Llywelyn 's daughter , Nesta ferch Gruffydd . In reality Walter fitz Alan was the son of Alan fitz Flaad , a Breton knight . </P> <P> Unlike his sources , Shakespeare gives Banquo no role in the King 's murder , making it a deed committed solely by Macbeth and his wife . Why Shakespeare 's Banquo is so different from the character described by Holinshed and Boece is not known , though critics have proposed several possible explanations . First among them is the risk associated with portraying the king 's ancestor as a murderer and conspirator in the plot to overthrow a rightful king , as well as the author 's desire to flatter a powerful patron . But Shakespeare may also simply have altered Banquo 's character because there was no dramatic need for another accomplice to the murder . There was , however , a need to provide a dramatic contrast to Macbeth ; a role that many scholars argue is filled by Banquo . Similarly , when Jean de Schelandre wrote about Banquo in his Stuartide in 1611 , he also changed the character by portraying him as a noble and honourable man -- the critic D.W. Maskell describes him as `` ... Schelandre 's paragon of valour and virtue '' -- probably for reasons similar to Shakespeare 's . </P> <P> Banquo 's role in the coup that follows the murder is harder to explain . Banquo 's loyalty to Macbeth , rather than Malcolm , after Duncan 's death makes him a passive accomplice in the coup : Malcolm , as Prince of Cumberland , is the rightful heir to the throne and Macbeth a usurper .

The character in Macbeth who is murdered and appears as a ghost is

Character in macbeth who is murdered and appears as a ghost?

-4911625429276396291

As You Like It - wikipedia <H1> As You Like It </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about Shakespeare 's play . For other uses , see As You Like It ( disambiguation ) . The first page of As You Like It from the First Folio of Shakespeare 's plays , published in 1623 <P> As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 and first published in the First Folio in 1623 . The play 's first performance is uncertain , though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility . </P> <P> As You Like It follows its heroine Rosalind as she flees persecution in her uncle 's court , accompanied by her cousin Celia to find safety and , eventually , love , in the Forest of Arden . In the forest , they encounter a variety of memorable characters , notably the melancholy traveller Jaques who speaks many of Shakespeare 's most famous speeches ( such as `` All the world 's a stage '' , `` too much of a good thing '' and `` A fool ! A fool ! I met a fool in the forest '' ) . Jaques provides a sharp contrast to the other characters in the play , always observing and disputing the hardships of life in the country . </P> <P> Historically , critical response has varied , with some critics finding the play a work of great merit and some finding the work of lesser quality than other Shakespearean works . The play remains a favourite among audiences and has been adapted for radio , film , and musical theatre . The piece has been a favorite of famous actors on stage and screen , notably Vanessa Redgrave , Juliet Stevenson , Rebecca Hall , Helen Mirren , and Patti LuPone in the role of Rosalind and Alan Rickman , Stephen Spinella , Kevin Kline , Stephen Dillane , and Ellen Burstyn in the role of Jaques . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Characters </Li> <Li> 2 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 3 Sources </Li> <Li> 4 Date and text <Ul> <Li> 4.1 External evidence </Li> <Li> 4.2 Internal evidence </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Analysis and criticism <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Setting </Li> <Li> 5.2 Themes <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Love </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 Usurpation and Injustice </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 Forgiveness </Li> <Li> 5.2. 4 Court life and country life </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 Religious allegory </Li> <Li> 5.4 Music and songs </Li> <Li> 5.5 Language <Ul> <Li> 5.5. 1 Use of prose </Li> <Li> 5.5. 2 All the world 's a stage </Li> <Li> 5.5. 3 Pastoral mode </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Performance history </Li> <Li> 7 Adaptations <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Music </Li> <Li> 7.2 Radio </Li> <Li> 7.3 Film </Li> <Li> 7.4 Musical theatre </Li> <Li> 7.5 Graphic novel </Li> <Li> 7.6 Other musical work </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <P> Main Characters : The Court of Duke Frederick : </P> <Ul> <Li> Duke Frederick , Duke Senior 's younger brother and his usurper , also Celia 's father </Li> <Li> Rosalind , Duke Senior 's daughter </Li> <Li> Celia , Duke Frederick 's daughter and Rosalind 's cousin </Li> <Li> Touchstone , a court fool or jester </Li> <Li> Le Beau , a courtier </Li> <Li> Charles , a wrestler </Li> <Li> Lords and ladies in Duke Frederick 's court </Li> </Ul> <P> The Household of the deceased Sir Rowland de Boys : </P> <Ul> <Li> Oliver de Boys , the eldest son and heir </Li> <Li> Jacques de Boys , the second son </Li> <Li> Orlando de Boys , the youngest son </Li> <Li> Adam , a faithful old servant who follows Orlando into exile </Li> <Li> Dennis , Oliver 's servant who called Charles </Li> </Ul> <P> The Exiled Court of Duke Senior in the Forest of Arden : </P> <Ul> <Li> Duke Senior , Duke Frederick 's older brother and Rosalind 's father </Li> <Li> Jaques , a discontented , melancholic lord </Li> <Li> Amiens , an attending lord and musician </Li> <Li> Lords in Duke Senior 's forest court </Li> </Ul> <P> Country folk in the Forest of Arden : </P> <Ul> <Li> Phoebe , a proud shepherdess </Li> <Li> Silvius , a shepherd </Li> <Li> Audrey , a country girl </Li> <Li> Corin , an elderly shepherd </Li> <Li> William , a country man </Li> <Li> Sir Oliver Martext , a curate </Li> </Ul> <P> Other characters : </P> <Ul> <Li> Hymen , officiates over the weddings in the end ; God of marriage , as appearing in a masque </Li> <Li> Pages and musicians </Li> </Ul> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> The wrestling scene from As You Like It , Francis Hayman , c. 1750 <P> The play is set in a duchy in France , but most of the action takes place in a location called the Forest of Arden . This may be intended as the Ardennes , a forested region covering an area located in southeast Belgium , western Luxembourg and northeastern France , or Arden , Warwickshire , near Shakespeare 's home town , which was the ancestral origin of his mother 's family -- who incidentally were called Arden . </P> <P> Frederick has usurped the duchy and exiled his older brother , Duke Senior . Duke Senior 's daughter , Rosalind , has been permitted to remain at court because she is the closest friend and cousin of Frederick 's only child , Celia . Orlando , a young gentleman of the kingdom who at first sight has fallen in love with Rosalind , is forced to flee his home after being persecuted by his older brother , Oliver . Frederick becomes angry and banishes Rosalind from court . Celia and Rosalind decide to flee together accompanied by the

The first performance of "As You Like It" is

When was as you like it first performed?

-430859680692445019

Home computer - wikipedia <H1> Home computer </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is primarily about a certain class of personal computers from the late 1970s to mid-1980s . See home server and home automation or desktop computer for other uses of a computer in a home . Children playing Paperboy on an Amstrad CPC 464 in 1988 Most home computers , such as this Tandy Color Computer 3 , featured a version of the BASIC programming language . The sometimes - sprawling nature of the well - outfitted home computer system is very much in evidence . A TI 99 / 4 with expansion modules attached . No more than a few expansion options were practical with this type of arrangement . <P> Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977 , and becoming common during the 1980s . They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that , for the first time , were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user . These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business , scientific or engineering - oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC , and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability . However , a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business computers . Their most common uses were playing video games , but they were also regularly used for word processing , doing homework , and programming . </P> <P> Home computers were usually not electronic kits ; home computers were sold already manufactured in stylish metal or plastic enclosures . There were , however , commercial kits like the Sinclair ZX80 which were both home and home - built computers since the purchaser could assemble the unit from a kit . </P> <P> Advertisements in the popular press for early home computers were rife with possibilities for their practical use in the home , from cataloging recipes to personal finance to home automation , but these were seldom realized in practice . For example , using a typical 1980s home computer as a home automation appliance would require the computer to be kept powered on at all times and dedicated to this task . Personal finance and database use required tedious data entry . </P> <P> By contrast , advertisements in the specialty computer press often simply listed specifications . If no packaged software was available for a particular application , the home computer user could program one -- provided they had invested the requisite hours to learn computer programming , as well as the idiosyncrasies of their system . Since most systems shipped with the BASIC programming language included on the system ROM , it was easy for users to get started creating their own simple applications . Many users found programming to be a fun and rewarding experience , and an excellent introduction to the world of digital technology . </P> <P> The line between ' business ' and ' home ' computer market segments blurred or vanished completely once IBM PC compatibles became commonly used in the home , since now both categories of computers typically use the same processor architectures , peripherals , operating systems , and applications . Often the only difference may be the sales outlet through which they are purchased . Another change from the home computer era is that the once - common endeavour of writing one 's own software programs has almost vanished from home computer use . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Technology <Ul> <Li> 3.1 High performance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Radio frequency interference </Li> <Li> 5 Reception and sociological impact </Li> <Li> 6 Use in the 21st century </Li> <Li> 7 Notable home computers <Ul> <Li> 7.1 1970s </Li> <Li> 7.2 1980s </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Five waves of home computer : Low - price single - user computers aimed at the home market arrived in five waves between 1976 and 1986 : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Trinity of 1977 , plus one ( 1976 to December 1977 ) </P> <P> The invention of the Intel 8080 microprocessor chip in April 1974 made practical the development of the ( relatively ) affordable mass - market microcomputer . In the USA this first appeared in early 1975 in the form of an unassembled kit , the Altair 8800 ; shortly afterward pre-assembled Altairs were offered . The sudden popularity of desktop computers happened because the 8080 CPU could represent and manipulate 256 discrete values in its 8 - bit registers . Thus the 7 - bit ASCII standard for the representation of alphanumeric data became feasible for the first time in a machine much smaller and less expensive than the furniture - size minicomputers , with their processors that occupied entire circuit boards . This new class of computer was practical for serious work because it could input , process , and output alphanumeric information . It also enabled sophisticated programs such as database managers and BASIC interpreters to become available to a larger market consisting of people possessing lesser technical skills . </P> <P> Soon after , other companies entered the market with similar , ready - to - run microcomputers like the IMSAI 8080 . These sold in the tens of thousands , surprising everyone in the industry . Beyond businesses and hobbyists , however , these computers were not widely used because ( in the early days ) they lacked conveniences like video displays and keyboards , required programming skills at the machine code level , and systems large enough for serious work cost many thousands . </P> <P> The very first home computer was the Compucolor by Compucolor Corporation in 1976 , soon followed

Computers became widespread in homes and schools in the

When did computer become widespread in homes and schools?