elenagsierra/DivShift-NAWC

DivShift North American West Coast

DivShift Paper | Extended Version | Code

https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i27.35060

Highlighting biases through partitions of volunteer-collected biodiversity data and ecologically relevant context for plant photographs.

Acquisition

Sourced from iNaturalist open data on AWS.

License: CC-BY-NC-SA

Features

Column Name	Description
state_name	State name
observation_uuid	ID of the observation
observer_id	ID of the iNaturalist observer
latitude	latitude (°)
longitude	longitude (°)
positional_accuracy	Accuracy of latitude and longitude (m)
taxon_id	Taxon ID of plant
quality_grade	Quality of observation
observed_on	Date of observation
ancestry	Higher-order identifiers of species taxonomy (e.g. genus, family)
rank_level	Name of rank ID of taxon
rank	Rank ID of taxon (e.g. 10 for species, 9 for genus)
name	Species name
date	Date of observation in Datetime form
state	State name
photo_uuid	Unique photo identifier on iNaturalist website
photo_id	Unique photo identifier on iNaturalist Open Data S3 bucket
extension	The photo extension
license	What creative commons license the photo is shared under
width	Width of image
height	Height of image
position	For a given observation with more than one associated photo, what is the order of the given image in the observation
l3_ecoregion	L3 ecoregion name
l2_ecoregion	L2 ecoregion name
l1_ecoregion	L1 ecoregion name
l4_ecoregion	L4 ecoregion name
bioclim_14	Precipitation of Driest Month
bioclim_13	Precipitation of Wettest Month
bioclim_8	Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter
bioclim_1	Annual Mean Temperature
bioclim_6	Min Temperature of Coldest Month
bioclim_12	Annual Precipitation
bioclim_15	Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)
bioclim_7	Temperature Annual Range (BIO5-BIO6)
bioclim_9	Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter
bioclim_3	Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (×100)
bioclim_4	Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation ×100)
bioclim_16	Precipitation of Wettest Quarter
bioclim_11	Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter
bioclim_18	Precipitation of Warmest Quarter
bioclim_5	Max Temperature of Warmest Month
bioclim_2	Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp))
bioclim_19	Precipitation of Coldest Quarter
bioclim_10	Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter
bioclim_17	Precipitation of Driest Quarter
land_use	North American Environmental Atlas Land Cover
soil_type	Harmonized World Soil Database V 2.0
supervised	Whether the image is labeled
single_image	Whether this image is a unique observation
year	Year image taken
human_footprint	Human Footprint index (Wilderness to Modified)
not_city_nature	Train and Test images taken outside of the city nature challenge
city_nature	Train and Test images taken in the city nature challenge
alaska_socioeco	Train and Test images in Alaska
arizona_socioeco	Train and Test images in Arizona
baja_california_socioeco	Train and Test images in Baja California
baja_california_sur_socioeco	Train and Test images in Baja California Sur
british_columbia_socioeco	Train and Test images in British Columbia
california_socioeco	Train and Test images in California
nevada_socioeco	Train and Test images in Nevada
oregon_socioeco	Train and Test images in Oregon
sonora_socioeco	Train and Test images in Sonora
washington_socioeco	Train and Test images in Washington
yukon_socioeco	Train and Test images in Yukon
obs_engaged	Train and Test images taken by Engaged Observers (users with more than 1,000 unique observations)
obs_casual	Train and Test images taken by Casual Observers (users with less than 50 unique observations)
spatial_wilderness	Train and Test images from Wilderness regions
spatial_modified	Train and Test images from Human Modified regions
inat2021	Train and Test images from iNat21
inat2021mini	Train and Test images from iNat21 Mini
imagenet	Train and Test images from ImageNet
spatial_split	Spatially stratified sampled Train and Test images
taxonomic_balanced	Taxonomically balanced Train and Test images
taxonomic_unbalanced	Taxonomicall unbalance Train and Test images

Citation

@article{Sierra_Gillespie_Soltani_Exposito-Alonso_Kattenborn_2025,
  author = {Sierra, Elena and Gillespie, Lauren E. and Soltani, Salim and Exposito-Alonso, Moises and Kattenborn, Teja},
  doi = {10.1609/aaai.v39i27.35060},
  journal = {Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  month = {Apr.},
  number = {27},
  pages = {28386-28396},
  title = {DivShift: Exploring Domain-Specific Distribution Shifts in Large-Scale, Volunteer-Collected Biodiversity Datasets},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/35060},
  volume = {39},
  year = {2025},
  bdsk-url-1 = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/35060},
  bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i27.35060}
}

References

• iNaturalist: www.inaturalist.org
• WorldClim: https://worldclim.org/about.html
• Harmonized World Soil Database: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/149f1562-bf6a-439f-9d3a-eb93940f39cf/content
• Human Footprint Index: https://figshare.com/articles/figure/An_annual_global_terrestrial_Human_Footprint_dataset_from_2000_to_2018/16571064

Notes

• Images are currently stored in zip folders that match the file structure in the Code
• Parquet streamable version coming soon