geobrain-ai/geogalactica
Text2Text Generation
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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ValueError
Message: Not able to read records in the JSON file at /tmp/hf-datasets-cache/heavy/datasets/11721565622168-config-parquet-and-info-daven3-geobench-0f792642/downloads/af20dc2ff3363e15b8996abca9096f3bbd0d9c3f73cd1fdb10f04fa890719102. You should probably indicate the field of the JSON file containing your records. This JSON file contain the following fields: ['noun', 'choice', 'completion', 'tf', 'qa', 'discussion']. Select the correct one and provide it as `field='XXX'` to the dataset loading method.
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1995, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 170, in _generate_tables
raise ValueError(
ValueError: Not able to read records in the JSON file at /tmp/hf-datasets-cache/heavy/datasets/11721565622168-config-parquet-and-info-daven3-geobench-0f792642/downloads/af20dc2ff3363e15b8996abca9096f3bbd0d9c3f73cd1fdb10f04fa890719102. You should probably indicate the field of the JSON file containing your records. This JSON file contain the following fields: ['noun', 'choice', 'completion', 'tf', 'qa', 'discussion']. Select the correct one and provide it as `field='XXX'` to the dataset loading method.
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1027, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1122, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1882, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2038, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
id
string | question
dict | answerKey
string |
|---|---|---|
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "the Coriolis effect"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "plate tectonics"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "hotspots"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "the Richter Magnitude Scale"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "the subduction zone"
}
],
"stem": "The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "jet stream"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "thermophile"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "contrail"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "gust of wind"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "typhoon"
}
],
"stem": "A long, narrow, upper atmosphere current of fast moving air is known as a"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "principle of original horizontality"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "principle of uniformitarianism"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "principle of superposition"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "principle of uniformity"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "principle of lateral continuity"
}
],
"stem": "Archaeologists record the top layers first, followed by older, deeper layers to study ancient settlements and cities following the"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "subduction"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "deflection"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "transformation"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "convection"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "divergent boundaries"
}
],
"stem": "Gravitational forces within the Earth, as well as heat and radioactive element recycling in the molten core, take place through"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Oxygen and methane"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Oxygen and propane"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Nitrogen and carbon dioxide"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Benzene and nitrogen"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Nitrogen and oxygen"
}
],
"stem": "Which two gases make up the majority of the Earth's gases?"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Richard Palmer"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "James Hutton"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "W"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Nicholas Steno"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Aubrey Hough"
}
],
"stem": "Because he figured out that sedimentary rock must have been compacted and compressed, over many ages, _______ is known as the father of modern geology."
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "transform fault boundary of two colliding plates"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "distant edge boundary of two colliding plates"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "divergent boundary of two colliding plates"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "convergent boundary of two colliding plates"
}
],
"stem": "An ocean trench is formed along the"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Stratosphere"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Thermosphere"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Ozone"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Troposphere"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Mesosphere"
}
],
"stem": "Which of the following is the highest layer of the atmosphere?"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "principle of uniformity"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "principle of original horizontality"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "second law of thermodynamics"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "principle of superposition"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "principle of lateral continuity"
}
],
"stem": "Water-layered sediments that thin to nothing at a shore or the area where first deposited are the subject of the"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "sediment"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "ash"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "a biofuel"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "granite"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "cinders"
}
],
"stem": "Any solid material (rock or organic) that settles out from a liquid is known as"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "continental shifting and compression are possible across different regions"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "energy can neither be created nor destroyed"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "volcanoes can erupt even when quiet for 200 years"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "population growth is slow and the birth rate drops to around the death rate"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "primary consumers (i.e., herbivores) consume plants and algae"
}
],
"stem": "The principle of uniformitarianism includes the idea that"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "active"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "dormant"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "high risk"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "sedimentary"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "extinct"
}
],
"stem": "A volcano with little erosion and that may erupt at any time is classified as"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "the slowest seismic waves"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "the fastest seismic waves"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "known as Rayleigh waves"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "a type of surface wave"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "the only wave to move through air"
}
],
"stem": "Primary waves, which bunch together and then move apart like an inchworm, are"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "precipitation"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "auroras"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "jet stream"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "clouds"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "fossilization"
}
],
"stem": "Large temperature differences and strong pressure differences between warm and cold air cause the formation of the"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "caldera"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "hotspot"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "geological plate"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "tropical oasis"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "transform fault"
}
],
"stem": "A huge layer of rock that drifts slowly over the supporting upper mantle layer is a"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "lava"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "pyroclastic flow"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "volcanic rock"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "poisonous volcanic gases"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "the hysterical crowd running toward the sea"
}
],
"stem": "When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D., most people were killed by"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "1.5 magnitude"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "2.0 magnitude"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "4.0 magnitude"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "5.2 magnitude"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "8.0 magnitude"
}
],
"stem": "A large earthquake occurs, on average, somewhere in the world each year of greater than"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "wind stop"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "wind chill"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "troposphere"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "wind shear"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "ionosphere"
}
],
"stem": "A sudden change in the wind's direction or speed with increasing altitude is called"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "mesosphere"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "tropopause"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "stratosphere"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "troposphere"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "thermosphere"
}
],
"stem": "The northern and southern lights are found in the"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "hotspot"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "pressure zone"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "surface trace"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "subduction zone"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "sedimentary layer"
}
],
"stem": "Where two crustal plates collide and one plate is forced under the other into the mantle, it is called a"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "tectonic time measurements"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Jurassic time measurements"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "chronostatic time measurements"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "continental drift"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "subjective time measurements"
}
],
"stem": "Relationships between earth layers and soil samples are described by"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "relative humidity"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "indistinct humidity"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "point source humidity"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "aridity"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "wind shear"
}
],
"stem": "The relationship between air temperature and the amount of water vapor it contains is known as"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "epicenter"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "trench"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "hypercenter"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "surface trace"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "ridge"
}
],
"stem": "The location directly above an earthquake's hypocenter on the earth's surface is the"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "primary seismic wave"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "surface wave"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "pyroclastic flow"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "folded rock"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "lapilli"
}
],
"stem": "Love waves are a type of"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "caldera"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "sedimentation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "igneous activity"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "faults"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "seismic waves"
}
],
"stem": "Vibrations in the Earth caused by cracks or shifts in the underlying rock are called"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "eons"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "eras"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "ages"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "periods"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "epochs"
}
],
"stem": "The following are all time units of the geological time scale except"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "mesosphere"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "troposphere"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "ionosphere"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "lower latitude layer"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "El Niño effect"
}
],
"stem": "The thermosphere is also called the"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "trade wind direction"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "eye size"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "speed"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "name"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "eye wall"
}
],
"stem": "A hurricane's course depends upon location and"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "gravitation"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "temperature"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "rotation"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "plant life"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "curvature"
}
],
"stem": "The Coriolis effect is a result of the Earth's"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "measure of temperature"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "line connecting areas of increasing atmospheric pressure"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "measure of depth"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "line connecting areas of the same atmospheric pressure"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "topographical symbol"
}
],
"stem": "An isobar is a"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "8°C"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "10°C"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "12°C"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "14°C"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "15°C"
}
],
"stem": "Using the table below asdf, if the wind is blowing 30 km/h and the outside temperature is 15°C, what is the wind chill factor in degrees Celsius?"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "porous rocks"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "snow"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "glaciers"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "aquifers"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "all of the above"
}
],
"stem": "Groundwater is stored in"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "aeration"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "hydration"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "precipitation"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "consolidation"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "acclimation"
}
],
"stem": "The layer closest to the surface, where spaces between soil particles are filled with both air and water, is called the zone of"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "streams overflow their banks"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "plants use water during photosynthesis"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "deserts get drier and drier"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "rainfall soaks into the ground"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "snow melts"
}
],
"stem": "Infiltration takes place when"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "aeration"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "conservation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "precipitation"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "withdrawal"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "evaporation"
}
],
"stem": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor, the process is called"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "tornado"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "cloud"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "hurricane"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "jet stream"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "temperature inversion"
}
],
"stem": "A tropical depression is the first phase in the formation of a"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "microbiology"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "ecology"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "hydrology"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "botany"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "aquaculture"
}
],
"stem": "The study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water on, in, and above the surface of the Earth is called"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "45%"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "62%"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "75%"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "80%"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "97%"
}
],
"stem": "The oceans hold approximately what percent of the Earth's water?"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "unconfined aquifers"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "confined aquifers"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "lakes"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "closed aquifers"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "saturated aquifers"
}
],
"stem": "Aquifers that form a water table separating unsaturated and saturated zones are called"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "watershed"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "groundwater"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "snow melt"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "runoff"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "evapotranspiration"
}
],
"stem": "The water found in subterranean spaces, cracks, and open pore spaces of minerals is called"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "transpiration"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "an aquifer"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "consumption"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "runoff"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "conservation"
}
],
"stem": "Rainfall or snow melt that has not had time to evaporate, transpire, or move into groundwater is known as"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "increases"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "decreases"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "stays the same"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "is at its highest"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "is only rarely low"
}
],
"stem": "When moving through the eye wall of a hurricane and into the eye, surface pressure"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "an aquifer"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "an unconsolidated aquifer"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "a drainage zone"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "an aquifer recharge zone"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "a surface discharge"
}
],
"stem": "The area at the surface or below ground that supplies water to an aquifer and/or most of the watershed or drainage basin is called"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "crystal structure"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "sedimentation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "soil porosity"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "granite"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "soil salinity"
}
],
"stem": "The amount of open space in the soil is called"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "sedimentation"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "saturation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "equalization"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "salination"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "diffusion"
}
],
"stem": "Under surface soil, where all the open spaces have become filled with water, lies the zone of"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "evaporation is increased by heat"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "it is used sparingly"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "there is too little rainfall"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "it is used in proper amounts"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "runoff joins with surface and/or groundwater"
}
],
"stem": "Pesticide and fertilizer use on crops affects water purity when"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "aquifer saturation"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "groundwater mining"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "flooding"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "runoff"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "the water table"
}
],
"stem": "The depletion of water from aquifers faster than they can naturally be refilled is called"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "withdrawal"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "conservation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "consumption"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "discharge"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "runoff"
}
],
"stem": "The amount of withdrawn water lost in transport, evaporation, absorption, chemical change, or is otherwise unavailable as a result of human use is known as"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "an unconfined aquifer"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "a perched water table"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "a watershed"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "a zone of aeration"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "a diverted stream"
}
],
"stem": "When water is blocked by a low-permeability material below the aquifer, it is known as"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "stone"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "light"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "paper"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "seawater"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "white"
}
],
"stem": "Lithification, comes from the Greek word lithos, meaning"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "a red rash on the elbow"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "miscalculations of circular core samples"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "photosynthesis in most upper ocean layers"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "lithification of sediment by physical and chemical processes"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "drought in some areas"
}
],
"stem": "Diagenesis causes"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Subjugate rock"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Slate"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Vermiculite"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Slant"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Magma"
}
],
"stem": "Which of the following is a common metamorphic rock type?"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "hard purple-colored rock"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "surface-only rock"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "chameleon of rock types"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "good building material"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "brittle rock type"
}
],
"stem": "Metamorphic rock is known as a"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "metamorphic shelf"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "gneiss"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "lithification"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "vertical unit"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "formation"
}
],
"stem": "When several rock-stratigraphic units are stacked vertically, they are called a"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "foliation"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "metamorphism"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "exfoliation"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "sedimentation"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "coloration"
}
],
"stem": "When rock on the Earth's surface is worn away, it is called"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "pieces of other rocks"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "gelatin from kelp"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "the hardest granites"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "boulders larger than 1 meter across"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "petroleum distillates"
}
],
"stem": "Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Fertilizer"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Conservation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Tillage"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Plant type"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Rainfall"
}
],
"stem": "Which of the following plays a big part in soil erosion?"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Lithification"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Sedimentation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Compaction"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Weathering"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Concretion"
}
],
"stem": "Which process wears away existing rocks and produces lots of small rock?"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "cover crops"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "deforestation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "planting of perennial plants"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "adding mulch"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "crop rotation"
}
],
"stem": "The following are all tools in soil conservation except for"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Mica"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Marble"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Shale"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Sandstone"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Obsidian"
}
],
"stem": "Which metamorphic rock is often used as a paving and building stone?"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "metamorphic rock"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "clastic formations"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "sedimentary rock"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "igneous rock"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "multicolored clays"
}
],
"stem": "Felsic and mafic are two types of"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "10%"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "20%"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "30%"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "40%"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "50%"
}
],
"stem": "What percentage of the world's land is at risk of desertification?"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "a conglomerate"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "shale"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "granite"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "magma"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "igneous clay"
}
],
"stem": "Pebbles surrounded by a covering of sand or mud is known as"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "geography"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "cartography"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "graphology"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "topography"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "photography"
}
],
"stem": "The description of an area's land contours and surface features is called"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "elevation"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "soil type"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "water content"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "mineral base"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "climate"
}
],
"stem": "Pedocal, pedalfer, and laterite are three basic soil types based primarily on"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Horizon A"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Horizon B"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Horizon C"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Ions are not transported this way"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Mineralization occurs only in the topsoil"
}
],
"stem": "Which soil horizon consists of a zone of accumulation, where ions transported by rainwater are reconnected to create new minerals?"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "atmosphere"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "ecosystem"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "niche"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "suburb"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "species"
}
],
"stem": "A complex community of plants, animals, and microorganisms linked by interacting energy and nutrient flows is called a(n)"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "27%"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "44%"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "62%"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "75%"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "99%"
}
],
"stem": "The world's oceans make up what percent of the planet's biosphere?"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "High plains"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Wetlands"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Arctic"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Rocky Mountains"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Old-growth forest"
}
],
"stem": "Which diverse ecosystem absorbs high flow and releases water slowly?"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "hotspots"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "expensive vacation spots"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "sustainable use areas"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "arid regions"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "mountainous"
}
],
"stem": "Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, the Philippines, Sundaland, the Atlantic Forest, and the Caribbean are all considered"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "birthday parties"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "field testing"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "remote sensing"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "acrobatic air shows"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "high school science labs"
}
],
"stem": "Aircraft, high-altitude balloons, and satellites are all used in"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "1,000 meters high"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "5,000 meters high"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "10,000 meters high"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "20,000 meters high"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "40,000 meters high"
}
],
"stem": "The vertical range that contains the biosphere is roughly"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "in remission"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "hibernating for the winter"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "not important to the ecosystem"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "gone for 10 years and then returns"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "gone forever"
}
],
"stem": "When a species like the dodo bird becomes extinct, it is said to be"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "life span"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "range"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "personality type"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "itinerary"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "habitat"
}
],
"stem": "The total area in which a plant, animal, insect, or other organism travels in its lifetime determines its"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "Outer space"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Stratosphere"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "Troposphere"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "Ionosphere"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "Mesosphere"
}
],
"stem": "In which layer do all the pressure, wind, and precipitation changes occur?"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "80%"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "65%"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "40%"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "25%"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "10%"
}
],
"stem": "Tornadoes of the F4/F5 category account for what percent of deaths?"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "salt flats"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "mountain algae populations"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "reflectance"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "honeybee populations"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "shipping lanes"
}
],
"stem": "ASTER information is used to draw detailed maps of land surface temperature, elevation, and"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "wetlands"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "topography"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "ecological succession"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "ecotones"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "secondary succession"
}
],
"stem": "Adjacent habitats have overlapping boundaries called"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "primary succession of development"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "secondary succession of development"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "tertiary succession of development"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "overcrowded ecosystem"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "ecotone"
}
],
"stem": "Over time, a previously untouched area like a volcanic flow will be populated by different species creating soil, cover, shade, and food resulting in a(n)"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "10% of its original habitat"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "20% of its original habitat"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "45% of its original habitat"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "60% of its original habitat"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "over 70% of its original habitat"
}
],
"stem": "A hotspot is an ecological region that has high biodiversity and lost"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "loss of habitat"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "predation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "food supply"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "climate"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "disease"
}
],
"stem": "The most important factor currently affecting many species is"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "evolutionary use"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "clear cutting"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "sustainable use"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "extinction"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "speciation"
}
],
"stem": "The use of resources in a manner that protects a species or environment without causing long-term loss is known as"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "survival of the fittest"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "Gause's principle"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "the conservation of species"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "a keystone species"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "climax succession"
}
],
"stem": "When no two species can fill the same niche at the same time and the weaker species must fill a smaller niche, relocate, or die, it is known as"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "extinct"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "poor predators"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "protected"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "not evolutionarily hearty"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "endangered"
}
],
"stem": "When a species' numbers drop continuously because of habitat destruction, the species is said to be"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "neither species benefits"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "both species benefit"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "one species benefits and one is unaffected"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "one species is harmed and one benefits"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "both species are harmed"
}
],
"stem": "Mutualism is a type of symbiosis where"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "realized niche"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "developed niche"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "fundamental niche"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "successive niche"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "population overshoot"
}
],
"stem": "When a species has no competitive limitations, it has a"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "climax community"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "population"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "pioneer species"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "initial niche"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "extinct zone"
}
],
"stem": "When an ecosystem reaches its final stage of balanced species development, it is called a(n)"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "lime"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "condensation"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "sublimation"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "biomineralization"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "transfiguration"
}
],
"stem": "When calcium carbonate is used to build the shells of sea creatures, it is called"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "20%"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "50%"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "65%"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "70%"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "90%"
}
],
"stem": "By dry weight, approximately what percent of carbon are humans composed of?"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "the oceans"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "soil"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "fossil fuels"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "the Earth's core"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "plant life"
}
],
"stem": "Scientists have studied the carbon cycle in all the following geochemical reservoirs except"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "pyroclastic material"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "inorganic material"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "organic material"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "sublimation"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "biomineralization"
}
],
"stem": "Carbon-containing material from living or nonliving sources is called"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "calciferous"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "hard water"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "soft water"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "mineralization"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "lime"
}
],
"stem": "When freshwater has high concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium, it is commonly called"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "6 months"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "1 to 2 years"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "3 years"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "2 to 5 years"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "7 years"
}
],
"stem": "ENSO takes place at intervals of 2 to 7 years and lasts approximately"
} | B |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "12 weeks"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "300 years"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "1,000 years"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "6,000 years"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "1 million years"
}
],
"stem": "The residence time of oxygen in the atmosphere is"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "evapotranspiration"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "respiration"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "condensation"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "transport"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "condensation"
}
],
"stem": "When plants pull water from the soil, use the dissolved minerals to grow, and release the water back through the leaves, it is known as"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "methane"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "biomineralization"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "biomass"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "water pollution"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "limestone"
}
],
"stem": "Plants are known as primary producers of"
} | C |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "conservation of matter"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "origin of species"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "residence time"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "transconfiguration"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "respiration"
}
],
"stem": "The idea that matter is neither created, nor destroyed, but recycled through natural cycles is known as"
} | A |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "aquifers"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "living organisms"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "streams"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "limestone"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "the atmosphere"
}
],
"stem": "All the following are natural water reservoirs except"
} | D |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "sublimation"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "biomineralization"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "biomass"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "evapotranspiration"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "photosynthesis"
}
],
"stem": "A plant's reaction that captures visible light wavelengths (0.4 to 0.7 µm) and transforms them into chemical energy is known as"
} | E |
apstudy_question_hg | {
"choices": [
{
"label": "A",
"text": "carnivores"
},
{
"label": "B",
"text": "herbivores"
},
{
"label": "C",
"text": "detritivores"
},
{
"label": "D",
"text": "parasites"
},
{
"label": "E",
"text": "omnivores"
}
],
"stem": "Organisms that consume litter, debris, and dung are called"
} | C |
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