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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The rate - limiting constituent of collecting duct sodium transport is the epithelial sodium channel ( ENaC ) .
### Output Text: | The rate - limiting constituent of collecting duct <span class="chemical">sodium</span> transport is the epithelial <span class="chemical">sodium</span> channel ( ENaC ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We examined the abundance of ENaC subunit mRNAs and proteins in puromycin aminonucleoside ( PAN ) - induced nephrotic syndrome .
### Output Text: | We examined the abundance of ENaC subunit mRNAs and proteins in <span class="chemical">puromycin aminonucleoside</span> ( <span class="chemical">PAN</span> ) - induced nephrotic syndrome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The time courses of urinary sodium excretion , plasma aldosterone concentration and proteinuria were studied in male Sprague - Dawley rats treated with a single dose of either PAN or vehicle .
### Output Text: | The time courses of urinary <span class="chemical">sodium</span> excretion , plasma <span class="chemical">aldosterone</span> concentration and proteinuria were studied in male Sprague - Dawley rats treated with a single dose of either <span class="chemical">PAN</span> or vehicle . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The relative amounts of alphaENaC , betaENaC and gammaENaC mRNAs were determined in kidneys from these rats by real - time quantitative TaqMan PCR , and the amounts of proteins by Western blot .
### Output Text: | The relative amounts of alphaENaC , betaENaC and gammaENaC mRNAs were determined in kidneys from these rats by real - time quantitative TaqMan PCR , and the amounts of proteins by Western blot . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The kinetics of urinary sodium excretion and the appearance of proteinuria were comparable with those reported previously .
### Output Text: | The kinetics of urinary <span class="chemical">sodium</span> excretion and the appearance of proteinuria were comparable with those reported previously . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Sodium retention occurred on days 2 , 3 and 6 after PAN injection .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Sodium</span> retention occurred on days 2 , 3 and 6 after <span class="chemical">PAN</span> injection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A significant up - regulation of alphaENaC and betaENaC mRNA abundance on days 1 and 2 preceded sodium retention on days 2 and 3 .
### Output Text: | A significant up - regulation of alphaENaC and betaENaC mRNA abundance on days 1 and 2 preceded <span class="chemical">sodium</span> retention on days 2 and 3 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Conversely , down - regulation of alphaENaC , betaENaC and gammaENaC mRNA expression on day 3 occurred in the presence of high aldosterone concentrations , and was followed by a return of sodium excretion to control values .
### Output Text: | Conversely , down - regulation of alphaENaC , betaENaC and gammaENaC mRNA expression on day 3 occurred in the presence of high <span class="chemical">aldosterone</span> concentrations , and was followed by a return of <span class="chemical">sodium</span> excretion to control values . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The amounts of alphaENaC , betaENaC and gammaENaC proteins were not increased during PAN - induced sodium retention .
### Output Text: | The amounts of alphaENaC , betaENaC and gammaENaC proteins were not increased during <span class="chemical">PAN</span> - induced <span class="chemical">sodium</span> retention . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In conclusion , ENaC mRNA expression , especially alphaENaC , is increased in the very early phase of the experimental model of PAN - induced nephrotic syndrome in rats , but appears to escape from the regulation by aldosterone after day 3 .
### Output Text: | In conclusion , ENaC mRNA expression , especially alphaENaC , is increased in the very early phase of the experimental model of <span class="chemical">PAN</span> - induced nephrotic syndrome in rats , but appears to escape from the regulation by <span class="chemical">aldosterone</span> after day 3 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Sub - chronic low dose gamma - vinyl GABA ( vigabatrin ) inhibits cocaine - induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine .
### Output Text: | Sub - chronic low dose <span class="chemical">gamma - vinyl GABA</span> ( <span class="chemical">vigabatrin</span> ) inhibits <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - induced increases in nucleus accumbens <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RATIONALE : gamma - Vinyl GABA ( GVG ) irreversibly inhibits GABA - transaminase .
### Output Text: | RATIONALE : <span class="chemical">gamma - Vinyl GABA</span> ( <span class="chemical">GVG</span> ) irreversibly inhibits <span class="chemical">GABA</span> - transaminase . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This non - receptor mediated inhibition requires de novo synthesis for restoration of functional GABA catabolism .
### Output Text: | This non - receptor mediated inhibition requires de novo synthesis for restoration of functional <span class="chemical">GABA</span> catabolism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: OBJECTIVES : Given its preclinical success for treating substance abuse and the increased risk of visual field defects ( VFD ) associated with cumulative lifetime exposure , we explored the effects of sub - chronic low dose GVG on cocaine - induced increases in nucleus accumbens ( NAcc ) dopamine ( DA ) .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVES : Given its preclinical success for treating substance abuse and the increased risk of visual field defects ( VFD ) associated with cumulative lifetime exposure , we explored the effects of sub - chronic low dose <span class="chemical">GVG</span> on <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - induced increases in nucleus accumbens ( NAcc ) <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> ( <span class="chemical">DA</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHODS : Using in vivo microdialysis , we compared acute exposure ( 450 mg / kg ) to an identical sub - chronic exposure ( 150 mg / kg per day for 3 days ) , followed by 1 - or 3 - day washout .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Using in vivo microdialysis , we compared acute exposure ( 450 mg / kg ) to an identical sub - chronic exposure ( 150 mg / kg per day for 3 days ) , followed by 1 - or 3 - day washout . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Finally , we examined the low dose of 150 mg / kg ( 50 mg / kg per day ) using a similar washout period .
### Output Text: | Finally , we examined the low dose of 150 mg / kg ( 50 mg / kg per day ) using a similar washout period . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : Sub - chronic GVG exposure inhibited the effect of cocaine for 3 days , which exceeded in magnitude and duration the identical acute dose .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Sub - chronic <span class="chemical">GVG</span> exposure inhibited the effect of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> for 3 days , which exceeded in magnitude and duration the identical acute dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Sub - chronic low dose GVG potentiates and extends the inhibition of cocaine - induced increases in dopamine , effectively reducing cumulative exposures and the risk for VFDS .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : Sub - chronic low dose <span class="chemical">GVG</span> potentiates and extends the inhibition of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - induced increases in <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> , effectively reducing cumulative exposures and the risk for VFDS . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: MR imaging with quantitative diffusion mapping of tacrolimus - induced neurotoxicity in organ transplant patients .
### Output Text: | MR imaging with quantitative diffusion mapping of <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> - induced neurotoxicity in organ transplant patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Our objective was to investigate brain MR imaging findings and the utility of diffusion - weighted ( DW ) imaging in organ transplant patients who developed neurologic symptoms during tacrolimus therapy .
### Output Text: | Our objective was to investigate brain MR imaging findings and the utility of diffusion - weighted ( DW ) imaging in organ transplant patients who developed neurologic symptoms during <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Brain MR studies , including DW imaging , were prospectively performed in 14 organ transplant patients receiving tacrolimus who developed neurologic complications .
### Output Text: | Brain MR studies , including DW imaging , were prospectively performed in 14 organ transplant patients receiving <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> who developed neurologic complications . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In each patient who had abnormalities on the initial MR study , a follow - up MR study was performed 1 month later .
### Output Text: | In each patient who had abnormalities on the initial MR study , a follow - up MR study was performed 1 month later . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC ) values on the initial MR study were correlated with reversibility of the lesions .
### Output Text: | Apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC ) values on the initial MR study were correlated with reversibility of the lesions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Of the 14 patients , 5 ( 35 . 7 % ) had white matter abnormalities , 1 ( 7 . 1 % ) had putaminal hemorrhage , and 8 ( 57 . 1 % ) had normal findings on initial MR images .
### Output Text: | Of the 14 patients , 5 ( 35 . 7 % ) had white matter abnormalities , 1 ( 7 . 1 % ) had putaminal hemorrhage , and 8 ( 57 . 1 % ) had normal findings on initial MR images . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Among the 5 patients with white matter abnormalities , 4 patients ( 80 . 0 % ) showed higher than normal ADC values on initial MR images , and all showed complete resolution on follow - up images .
### Output Text: | Among the 5 patients with white matter abnormalities , 4 patients ( 80 . 0 % ) showed higher than normal ADC values on initial MR images , and all showed complete resolution on follow - up images . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The remaining 1 patient ( 20 . 0 % ) showed lower than normal ADC value and showed incomplete resolution with cortical laminar necrosis .
### Output Text: | The remaining 1 patient ( 20 . 0 % ) showed lower than normal ADC value and showed incomplete resolution with cortical laminar necrosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Diffusion - weighted imaging may be useful in predicting the outcomes of the lesions of tacrolimus - induced neurotoxicity .
### Output Text: | Diffusion - weighted imaging may be useful in predicting the outcomes of the lesions of <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> - induced neurotoxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: L - arginine transport in humans with cortisol - induced hypertension .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> transport in humans with <span class="chemical">cortisol</span> - induced hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A deficient L - arginine - nitric oxide system is implicated in cortisol - induced hypertension .
### Output Text: | A deficient <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> - <span class="chemical">nitric oxide</span> system is implicated in <span class="chemical">cortisol</span> - induced hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We investigate whether abnormalities in L - arginine uptake contribute to this deficiency .
### Output Text: | We investigate whether abnormalities in <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> uptake contribute to this deficiency . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Eight healthy men were recruited .
### Output Text: | Eight healthy men were recruited . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Hydrocortisone acetate ( 50 mg ) was given orally every 6 hours for 24 hours after a 5 - day fixed - salt diet ( 150 mmol / d ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Hydrocortisone acetate</span> ( 50 mg ) was given orally every 6 hours for 24 hours after a 5 - day fixed - salt diet ( 150 mmol / d ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Crossover studies were performed 2 weeks apart .
### Output Text: | Crossover studies were performed 2 weeks apart . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Thirty milliliters of blood was obtained for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after each treatment period .
### Output Text: | Thirty milliliters of blood was obtained for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after each treatment period . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: L - arginine uptake was assessed in mononuclear cells incubated with L - arginine ( 1 to 300 micromol / L ) , incorporating 100 nmol / L [ 3H ] - l - arginine for a period of 5 minutes at 37 degrees C .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> uptake was assessed in mononuclear cells incubated with <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> ( 1 to 300 micromol / L ) , incorporating 100 nmol / L <span class="chemical">[ 3H ] - l - arginine</span> for a period of 5 minutes at 37 degrees C . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Forearm [ 3H ] - L - arginine extraction was calculated after infusion of [ 3H ] - L - arginine into the brachial artery at a rate of 100 nCi / min for 80 minutes .
### Output Text: | Forearm <span class="chemical">[ 3H ] - L - arginine</span> extraction was calculated after infusion of <span class="chemical">[ 3H ] - L - arginine</span> into the brachial artery at a rate of 100 nCi / min for 80 minutes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Deep forearm venous samples were collected for determination of L - arginine extraction .
### Output Text: | Deep forearm venous samples were collected for determination of <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> extraction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly raised during the active phase ( 323 + / - 43 to 1082 + / - 245 mmol / L , P < 0 . 05 ) .
### Output Text: | Plasma <span class="chemical">cortisol</span> concentrations were significantly raised during the active phase ( 323 + / - 43 to 1082 + / - 245 mmol / L , P < 0 . 05 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Systolic blood pressure was elevated by an average of 7 mm Hg .
### Output Text: | Systolic blood pressure was elevated by an average of 7 mm Hg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Neither L - arginine transport into mononuclear cells ( placebo vs active , 26 . 3 + / - 3 . 6 vs 29 . 0 + / - 2 . 1 pmol / 10 000 cells per 5 minutes , respectively , at an l - arginine concentration of 300 micromol / L ) nor L - arginine extraction in the forearm ( at 80 minutes , placebo vs active , 1 868 904 + / - 434 962 vs 2 013 910 + / - 770 619 disintegrations per minute ) was affected by cortisol treatment ; ie , that L - arginine uptake is not affected by short - term cortisol treatment .
### Output Text: | Neither <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> transport into mononuclear cells ( placebo vs active , 26 . 3 + / - 3 . 6 vs 29 . 0 + / - 2 . 1 pmol / 10 000 cells per 5 minutes , respectively , at an <span class="chemical">l - arginine</span> concentration of 300 micromol / L ) nor <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> extraction in the forearm ( at 80 minutes , placebo vs active , 1 868 904 + / - 434 962 vs 2 013 910 + / - 770 619 disintegrations per minute ) was affected by <span class="chemical">cortisol</span> treatment ; ie , that <span class="chemical">L - arginine</span> uptake is not affected by short - term <span class="chemical">cortisol</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We conclude that cortisol - induced increases in blood pressure are not associated with abnormalities in the l - arginine transport system .
### Output Text: | We conclude that <span class="chemical">cortisol</span> - induced increases in blood pressure are not associated with abnormalities in the <span class="chemical">l - arginine</span> transport system . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Amount of bleeding and hematoma size in the collagenase - induced intracerebral hemorrhage rat model .
### Output Text: | Amount of bleeding and hematoma size in the collagenase - induced intracerebral hemorrhage rat model . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The aggravated risk on intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) with drugs used for stroke patients should be estimated carefully .
### Output Text: | The aggravated risk on intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) with drugs used for stroke patients should be estimated carefully . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We therefore established sensitive quantification methods and provided a rat ICH model for detection of ICH deterioration .
### Output Text: | We therefore established sensitive quantification methods and provided a rat ICH model for detection of ICH deterioration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In ICH intrastriatally induced by 0 . 014 - unit , 0 . 070 - unit , and 0 . 350 - unit collagenase , the amount of bleeding was measured using a hemoglobin assay developed in the present study and was compared with the morphologically determined hematoma volume .
### Output Text: | In ICH intrastriatally induced by 0 . 014 - unit , 0 . 070 - unit , and 0 . 350 - unit collagenase , the amount of bleeding was measured using a hemoglobin assay developed in the present study and was compared with the morphologically determined hematoma volume . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The blood amounts and hematoma volumes were significantly correlated , and the hematoma induced by 0 . 014 - unit collagenase was adequate to detect ICH deterioration .
### Output Text: | The blood amounts and hematoma volumes were significantly correlated , and the hematoma induced by 0 . 014 - unit collagenase was adequate to detect ICH deterioration . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In ICH induction using 0 . 014 - unit collagenase , heparin enhanced the hematoma volume 3 . 4 - fold over that seen in control ICH animals and the bleeding 7 . 6 - fold .
### Output Text: | In ICH induction using 0 . 014 - unit collagenase , <span class="chemical">heparin</span> enhanced the hematoma volume 3 . 4 - fold over that seen in control ICH animals and the bleeding 7 . 6 - fold . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Data suggest that this sensitive hemoglobin assay is useful for ICH detection , and that a model with a small ICH induced with a low - dose collagenase should be used for evaluation of drugs that may affect ICH .
### Output Text: | Data suggest that this sensitive hemoglobin assay is useful for ICH detection , and that a model with a small ICH induced with a low - dose collagenase should be used for evaluation of drugs that may affect ICH . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Estradiol reduces seizure - induced hippocampal injury in ovariectomized female but not in male rats .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Estradiol</span> reduces seizure - induced hippocampal injury in ovariectomized female but not in male rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Estrogens protect ovariectomized rats from hippocampal injury induced by kainic acid - induced status epilepticus ( SE ) .
### Output Text: | Estrogens protect ovariectomized rats from hippocampal injury induced by <span class="chemical">kainic acid</span> - induced status epilepticus ( SE ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We compared the effects of 17beta - estradiol in adult male and ovariectomized female rats subjected to lithium - pilocarpine - induced SE .
### Output Text: | We compared the effects of <span class="chemical">17beta - estradiol</span> in adult male and ovariectomized female rats subjected to <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - induced SE . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Rats received subcutaneous injections of 17beta - estradiol ( 2 microg / rat ) or oil once daily for four consecutive days .
### Output Text: | Rats received subcutaneous injections of <span class="chemical">17beta - estradiol</span> ( 2 microg / rat ) or oil once daily for four consecutive days . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: SE was induced 20 h following the second injection and terminated 3 h later .
### Output Text: | SE was induced 20 h following the second injection and terminated 3 h later . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The extent of silver - stained CA3 and CA1 hippocampal neurons was evaluated 2 days after SE .
### Output Text: | The extent of <span class="chemical">silver</span> - stained CA3 and CA1 hippocampal neurons was evaluated 2 days after SE . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: 17beta - Estradiol did not alter the onset of first clonus in ovariectomized rats but accelerated it in males .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">17beta - Estradiol</span> did not alter the onset of first clonus in ovariectomized rats but accelerated it in males . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 17beta - Estradiol reduced the argyrophilic neurons in the CA1 and CA3 - C sectors of ovariectomized rats .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">17beta - Estradiol</span> reduced the argyrophilic neurons in the CA1 and CA3 - C sectors of ovariectomized rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In males , estradiol increased the total damage score .
### Output Text: | In males , <span class="chemical">estradiol</span> increased the total damage score . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These findings suggest that the effects of estradiol on seizure threshold and damage may be altered by sex - related differences in the hormonal environment .
### Output Text: | These findings suggest that the effects of <span class="chemical">estradiol</span> on seizure threshold and damage may be altered by sex - related differences in the hormonal environment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pseudoacromegaly induced by the long - term use of minoxidil .
### Output Text: | Pseudoacromegaly induced by the long - term use of <span class="chemical">minoxidil</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder caused by chronic excessive growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland .
### Output Text: | Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder caused by chronic excessive growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Significant disfiguring changes occur as a result of bone , cartilage , and soft tissue hypertrophy , including the thickening of the skin , coarsening of facial features , and cutis verticis gyrata .
### Output Text: | Significant disfiguring changes occur as a result of bone , cartilage , and soft tissue hypertrophy , including the thickening of the skin , coarsening of facial features , and cutis verticis gyrata . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pseudoacromegaly , on the other hand , is the presence of similar acromegaloid features in the absence of elevated growth hormone or insulin - like growth factor levels .
### Output Text: | Pseudoacromegaly , on the other hand , is the presence of similar acromegaloid features in the absence of elevated growth hormone or insulin - like growth factor levels . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We present a patient with pseudoacromegaly that resulted from the long - term use of minoxidil at an unusually high dose .
### Output Text: | We present a patient with pseudoacromegaly that resulted from the long - term use of <span class="chemical">minoxidil</span> at an unusually high dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This is the first case report of pseudoacromegaly as a side effect of minoxidil use .
### Output Text: | This is the first case report of pseudoacromegaly as a side effect of <span class="chemical">minoxidil</span> use . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Combined androgen blockade - induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement .
### Output Text: | Combined androgen blockade - induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : To determine the onset and extent of combined androgen blockade ( CAB ) - induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : To determine the onset and extent of combined androgen blockade ( CAB ) - induced anemia in prostate cancer patients without bone involvement . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PATIENTS AND METHODS : Forty - two patients with biopsy - proven prostatic adenocarcinoma [ 26 with stage C ( T3N0M0 ) and 16 with stage D1 ( T3N1M0 ) ] were included in this study .
### Output Text: | PATIENTS AND METHODS : Forty - two patients with biopsy - proven prostatic adenocarcinoma [ 26 with stage C ( T3N0M0 ) and 16 with stage D1 ( T3N1M0 ) ] were included in this study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: All patients received CAB [ leuprolide acetate ( LHRH - A ) 3 . 75 mg , intramuscularly , every 28 days plus 250 mg flutamide , tid , per Os ] and were evaluated for anemia by physical examination and laboratory tests at baseline and 4 subsequent intervals ( 1 , 2 , 3 and 6 months post - CAB ) .
### Output Text: | All patients received CAB [ <span class="chemical">leuprolide acetate</span> ( <span class="chemical">LHRH - A</span> ) 3 . 75 mg , intramuscularly , every 28 days plus 250 mg <span class="chemical">flutamide</span> , tid , per Os ] and were evaluated for anemia by physical examination and laboratory tests at baseline and 4 subsequent intervals ( 1 , 2 , 3 and 6 months post - CAB ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Hb , PSA and Testosterone measurements were recorded .
### Output Text: | Hb , PSA and <span class="chemical">Testosterone</span> measurements were recorded . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Patients with stage D2 - 3 disease , abnormal hemoglobin level or renal and liver function tests that were higher than the upper limits were excluded from the study .
### Output Text: | Patients with stage D2 - 3 disease , abnormal hemoglobin level or renal and liver function tests that were higher than the upper limits were excluded from the study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The duration of the study was six months .
### Output Text: | The duration of the study was six months . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : The mean hemoglobin ( Hb ) levels were significantly declined in all patients from baseline of 14 . 2 g / dl to 14 . 0 g / dl , 13 . 5 g / dl , 13 . 2 g / dl and 12 . 7 g / dl at 1 , 2 , 3 and 6 months post - CAB , respectively .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : The mean hemoglobin ( Hb ) levels were significantly declined in all patients from baseline of 14 . 2 g / dl to 14 . 0 g / dl , 13 . 5 g / dl , 13 . 2 g / dl and 12 . 7 g / dl at 1 , 2 , 3 and 6 months post - CAB , respectively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Severe and clinically evident anemia of Hb < 11 g / dl with clinical symptoms was detected in 6 patients ( 14 . 3 % ) .
### Output Text: | Severe and clinically evident anemia of Hb < 11 g / dl with clinical symptoms was detected in 6 patients ( 14 . 3 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This CAB - induced anemia was normochromic and normocytic .
### Output Text: | This CAB - induced anemia was normochromic and normocytic . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: At six months post - CAB , patients with severe anemia had a Hb mean value of 10 . 2 + / - 0 . 1 g / dl ( X + / - SE ) , whereas the other patients had mild anemia with Hb mean value of 13 . 2 + / - 0 . 17 ( X + / - SE ) .
### Output Text: | At six months post - CAB , patients with severe anemia had a Hb mean value of 10 . 2 + / - 0 . 1 g / dl ( X + / - SE ) , whereas the other patients had mild anemia with Hb mean value of 13 . 2 + / - 0 . 17 ( X + / - SE ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The development of severe anemia at 6 months post - CAB was predictable by the reduction of Hb baseline value of more than 2 . 5 g / dl after 3 months of CAB ( p = 0 . 01 ) .
### Output Text: | The development of severe anemia at 6 months post - CAB was predictable by the reduction of Hb baseline value of more than 2 . 5 g / dl after 3 months of CAB ( p = 0 . 01 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The development of severe CAB - induced anemia in prostate cancer patients did not correlate with T baseline values ( T < 3 ng / ml versus T > or = 3 ng / ml ) , with age ( < 76 yrs versus > or = 76 yrs ) , and clinical stage ( stage C versus stage D1 ) .
### Output Text: | The development of severe CAB - induced anemia in prostate cancer patients did not correlate with T baseline values ( T < 3 ng / ml versus T > or = 3 ng / ml ) , with age ( < 76 yrs versus > or = 76 yrs ) , and clinical stage ( stage C versus stage D1 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Severe and clinically evident anemia was easily corrected by subcutaneous injections ( 3 times / week for 1 month ) of recombinant erythropoietin ( rHuEPO - beta ) .
### Output Text: | Severe and clinically evident anemia was easily corrected by subcutaneous injections ( 3 times / week for 1 month ) of recombinant erythropoietin ( rHuEPO - beta ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that rHuEPO - beta correctable CAB - induced anemia occurs in 14 . 3 % of prostate cancer patients after 6 months of therapy .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that rHuEPO - beta correctable CAB - induced anemia occurs in 14 . 3 % of prostate cancer patients after 6 months of therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Delirium during clozapine treatment : incidence and associated risk factors .
### Output Text: | Delirium during <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> treatment : incidence and associated risk factors . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Incidence and risk factors for delirium during clozapine treatment require further clarification .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Incidence and risk factors for delirium during <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> treatment require further clarification . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : We used computerized pharmacy records to identify all adult psychiatric inpatients treated with clozapine ( 1995 - 96 ) , reviewed their medical records to score incidence and severity of delirium , and tested associations with potential risk factors .
### Output Text: | METHODS : We used computerized pharmacy records to identify all adult psychiatric inpatients treated with <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> ( 1995 - 96 ) , reviewed their medical records to score incidence and severity of delirium , and tested associations with potential risk factors . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Subjects ( n = 139 ) were 72 women and 67 men , aged 40 . 8 + / - 12 . 1 years , hospitalized for 24 . 9 + / - 23 . 3 days , and given clozapine , gradually increased to an average daily dose of 282 + / - 203 mg ( 3 . 45 + / - 2 . 45 mg / kg ) for 18 . 9 + / - 16 . 4 days .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Subjects ( n = 139 ) were 72 women and 67 men , aged 40 . 8 + / - 12 . 1 years , hospitalized for 24 . 9 + / - 23 . 3 days , and given <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> , gradually increased to an average daily dose of 282 + / - 203 mg ( 3 . 45 + / - 2 . 45 mg / kg ) for 18 . 9 + / - 16 . 4 days . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Delirium was diagnosed in 14 ( 10 . 1 % incidence , or 1 . 48 cases / person - years of exposure ) ; 71 . 4 % of cases were moderate or severe .
### Output Text: | Delirium was diagnosed in 14 ( 10 . 1 % incidence , or 1 . 48 cases / person - years of exposure ) ; 71 . 4 % of cases were moderate or severe . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Associated factors were co - treatment with other centrally antimuscarinic agents , poor clinical outcome , older age , and longer hospitalization ( by 17 . 5 days , increasing cost ) ; sex , diagnosis or medical co - morbidity , and daily clozapine dose , which fell with age , were unrelated .
### Output Text: | Associated factors were co - treatment with other centrally antimuscarinic agents , poor clinical outcome , older age , and longer hospitalization ( by 17 . 5 days , increasing cost ) ; sex , diagnosis or medical co - morbidity , and daily <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> dose , which fell with age , were unrelated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Delirium was found in 10 % of clozapine - treated inpatients , particularly in older patients exposed to other central anticholinergics .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : Delirium was found in 10 % of <span class="chemical">clozapine</span> - treated inpatients , particularly in older patients exposed to other central anticholinergics . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Delirium was inconsistently recognized clinically in milder cases and was associated with increased length - of - stay and higher costs , and inferior clinical outcome .
### Output Text: | Delirium was inconsistently recognized clinically in milder cases and was associated with increased length - of - stay and higher costs , and inferior clinical outcome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Neuroprotective action of MPEP , a selective mGluR5 antagonist , in methamphetamine - induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is associated with a decrease in dopamine outflow and inhibition of hyperthermia in rats .
### Output Text: | Neuroprotective action of <span class="chemical">MPEP</span> , a selective mGluR5 antagonist , in <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> - induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is associated with a decrease in <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> outflow and inhibition of hyperthermia in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The aim of this study was to examine the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 ( mGluR5 ) in the toxic action of methamphetamine on dopaminergic neurones in rats .
### Output Text: | The aim of this study was to examine the role of metabotropic <span class="chemical">glutamate</span> receptor 5 ( mGluR5 ) in the toxic action of <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> on dopaminergic neurones in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Methamphetamine ( 10 mg / kg sc ) , administered five times , reduced the levels of dopamine and its metabolites in striatal tissue when measured 72 h after the last injection .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Methamphetamine</span> ( 10 mg / kg sc ) , administered five times , reduced the levels of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> and its metabolites in striatal tissue when measured 72 h after the last injection . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A selective antagonist of mGluR5 , 2 - methyl - 6 - ( phenylethynyl ) pyridine ( MPEP ; 5 mg / kg ip ) , when administered five times immediately before each methamphetamine injection reversed the above - mentioned methamphetamine effects .
### Output Text: | A selective antagonist of mGluR5 , <span class="chemical">2 - methyl - 6 - ( phenylethynyl ) pyridine</span> ( <span class="chemical">MPEP</span> ; 5 mg / kg ip ) , when administered five times immediately before each <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> injection reversed the above - mentioned <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A single MPEP ( 5 mg / kg ip ) injection reduced the basal extracellular dopamine level in the striatum , as well as dopamine release stimulated either by methamphetamine ( 10 mg / kg sc ) or by intrastriatally administered veratridine ( 100 microM ) .
### Output Text: | A single <span class="chemical">MPEP</span> ( 5 mg / kg ip ) injection reduced the basal extracellular <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> level in the striatum , as well as <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> release stimulated either by <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> ( 10 mg / kg sc ) or by intrastriatally administered <span class="chemical">veratridine</span> ( 100 microM ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Moreover , it transiently diminished the methamphetamine ( 10 mg / kg sc ) - induced hyperthermia and reduced basal body temperature .
### Output Text: | Moreover , it transiently diminished the <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> ( 10 mg / kg sc ) - induced hyperthermia and reduced basal body temperature . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: MPEP administered into the striatum at high concentrations ( 500 microM ) increased extracellular dopamine levels , while lower concentrations ( 50 - 100 microM ) were devoid of any effect .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">MPEP</span> administered into the striatum at high concentrations ( 500 microM ) increased extracellular <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> levels , while lower concentrations ( 50 - 100 microM ) were devoid of any effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The results of this study suggest that the blockade of mGluR5 by MPEP may protect dopaminergic neurones against methamphetamine - induced toxicity .
### Output Text: | The results of this study suggest that the blockade of mGluR5 by <span class="chemical">MPEP</span> may protect dopaminergic neurones against <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> - induced toxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Neuroprotection rendered by MPEP may be associated with the reduction of the methamphetamine - induced dopamine efflux in the striatum due to the blockade of extrastriatal mGluR5 , and with a decrease in hyperthermia .
### Output Text: | Neuroprotection rendered by <span class="chemical">MPEP</span> may be associated with the reduction of the <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> - induced <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> efflux in the striatum due to the blockade of extrastriatal mGluR5 , and with a decrease in hyperthermia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Protective efficacy of neuroactive steroids against cocaine kindled - seizures in mice .
### Output Text: | Protective efficacy of neuroactive <span class="chemical">steroids</span> against <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> kindled - seizures in mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Neuroactive steroids demonstrate pharmacological actions that have relevance for a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders .
### Output Text: | Neuroactive <span class="chemical">steroids</span> demonstrate pharmacological actions that have relevance for a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: They offer protection against seizures in a range of models and seem to inhibit certain stages of drug dependence in preclinical assessments .
### Output Text: | They offer protection against seizures in a range of models and seem to inhibit certain stages of drug dependence in preclinical assessments . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The present study was designed to evaluate two endogenous and one synthetic neuroactive steroid that positively modulate the gamma - aminobutyric acid ( GABA ( A ) ) receptor against the increase in sensitivity to the convulsant effects of cocaine engendered by repeated cocaine administration ( seizure kindling ) .
### Output Text: | The present study was designed to evaluate two endogenous and one synthetic neuroactive <span class="chemical">steroid</span> that positively modulate the <span class="chemical">gamma - aminobutyric acid</span> ( <span class="chemical">GABA</span> ( A ) ) receptor against the increase in sensitivity to the convulsant effects of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> engendered by repeated <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> administration ( seizure kindling ) . |
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